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Salama A, Hamed Salama A, Hasanein Asfour M. Tannic acid coated nanosuspension for oral delivery of chrysin intended for anti-schizophrenic effect in mice. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124085. [PMID: 38580073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Chrysin is a flavonoid drug with numerous therapeutic activities. It suffers from low intestinal absorption owing to its hydrophobicity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to exploit the efficient technique of nanosuspension (NSP) to formulate chrysin-NSP coated with tannic acid (TA) to improve the solubility and anti-schizophrenic activity of chrysin. A 23 full factorial design was constructed where the independent factors were type of polymer, surfactant concentration (0.5 or 1 %) and the aqueous phase volume (5 or 15 mL), while the dependent responses were the particle size (PS) of the obtained formulation as well as the % chrysin dissolved after 2 h (Q2h). The optimum formulation (NSP-4) composed of 1 % PEG 400 and 1 % Cremophor RH40 in 15 mL aqueous phase. It achieved a PS and Q2h values of 108.00 nm and 38.77 %, respectively. NSP-4 was then coated with TA (TA-coated NSP-4) for further enhancement of chrysin solubility. TA-coated NSP-4 revealed PS and zeta potential values of 150 ± 14 nm and -32.54 ± 2.45 mV, respectively. After 6 h, chrysin dissolved % were 53.97 and 80.22 for uncoated NSP-4 and TA-coated NSP-4, respectively, compared with only 9.47 for free chrysin. The developed formulations and free chrysin were assessed regarding their effect on schizophrenia induced in mice by cuprizone (CPZ). Treatment with the developed formulations and free chrysin ameliorated demyelination and behavioral deficit induced by CPZ via elevating MBP and PI3K/PKC activities as well as reducing GFAP expression levels. The developed formulations and free chrysin inhibited Galactin-3 and TGF-β expressions and stimulated GST antioxidant enzyme. Furthermore, they maintained the balances in glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission via modulation on neuregulin-1 and alleviated nuclear pyknosis and degeneration in the neurons. The order of activity was: TA-coated NSP-4 > NSP-4 > free chrysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El- Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaa Hamed Salama
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Khavari B, Barnett MM, Mahmoudi E, Geaghan MP, Graham A, Cairns MJ. microRNA and the Post-Transcriptional Response to Oxidative Stress during Neuronal Differentiation: Implications for Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:562. [PMID: 38792584 PMCID: PMC11121913 DOI: 10.3390/life14050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important environmental exposures associated with psychiatric disorders, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In a previous study, we observed a substantial alteration of the gene expression landscape in neuron-like cells that were differentiated from SH-SY5Y cells after or during exposure to oxidative stress, with a subset of dysregulated genes being enriched for neurodevelopmental processes. To further explore the regulatory mechanisms that might account for such profound perturbations, we have now applied small RNA-sequencing to investigate changes in the expression of miRNAs. These molecules are known to play crucial roles in brain development and response to stress through their capacity to suppress gene expression and influence complex biological networks. Through these analyses, we observed more than a hundred differentially expressed miRNAs, including 80 previously reported to be dysregulated in psychiatric disorders. The seven most influential miRNAs associated with pre-treatment exposure, including miR-138-5p, miR-96-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-1287-5p, miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, and miR-16-5p, supported by at least 10 negatively correlated mRNA connections, formed hubs in the interaction network with 134 genes enriched with neurobiological function, whereas in the co-treatment condition, miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were enriched in cardiovascular and immunity-related disease ontologies. Interestingly, 12 differentially expressed miRNAs originated from the DLK1-DIO3 location, which encodes a schizophrenia-associated miRNA signature. Collectively, our findings suggest that early exposure to oxidative stress, before and during prenatal neuronal differentiation, might increase the risk of mental illnesses in adulthood by disturbing the expression of miRNAs that regulate neurodevelopmentally significant genes and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Khavari
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (B.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Barnett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (B.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (B.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michael P. Geaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (B.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Adam Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (B.K.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (B.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Khan MA, Hossain MA, Rahman MH, Qian Y. System biology approaches to identify hub genes linked with ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25191. [PMID: 38322840 PMCID: PMC10844262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and devastating mental illness that affects around 20 million individuals worldwide. Cognitive deficits and structural and functional changes of the brain, abnormalities of brain ECM components, chronic neuroinflammation, and devastating clinical manifestation during SZ are likely etiological factors shown by affected individuals. However, the pathophysiological events associated with multiple regulatory pathways involved in the brain of this complex disorder are still unclear. This study aimed to develop a pipeline based on bioinformatics and systems biology approaches for identifying potential therapeutic targets involving possible biological mechanisms from SZ patients and healthy volunteers. About 420 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three RNA-seq datasets were identified. Gene ontology (GO), and pathways analysis showed several biological mechanisms enriched by the commonly shared DEGs, including extracellular matrix organization (ECM) organization, collagen fibril organization, integrin signaling pathway, inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines signaling pathway, and GABA-B receptor II and IL4 mediated signaling. Besides, 15 hub genes (FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL2A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, MMP2, THBS1, DCN, LUM, HLA-A, HLA-C, and FBN1) were discovered by comprehensive analysis, which was mainly involved in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathway. Furthermore, the miRNA target of the hub genes was analyzed with the random-forest-based approach software miRTarBase. In addition, the transcriptional factors and protein kinases regulating overlapping DEGs in SZ, namely, SUZ12, EZH2, TRIM28, TP53, EGR1, CSNK2A1, GSK3B, CDK1, and MAPK14, were also identified. The results point to a new understanding that the hub genes (fibronectin 1, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and lumican) in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways may be involved in the SZ occurrence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
- Bio-Bio-1 Bioinformatics Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Xenaki LA, Dimitrakopoulos S, Selakovic M, Stefanis N. Stress, Environment and Early Psychosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:437-460. [PMID: 37592817 PMCID: PMC10845077 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230817153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing literature provides extended evidence of the close relationship between stress dysregulation, environmental insults, and psychosis onset. Early stress can sensitize genetically vulnerable individuals to future stress, modifying their risk for developing psychotic phenomena. Neurobiological substrate of the aberrant stress response to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, disrupted inflammation processes, oxidative stress increase, gut dysbiosis, and altered brain signaling, provides mechanistic links between environmental risk factors and the development of psychotic symptoms. Early-life and later-life exposures may act directly, accumulatively, and repeatedly during critical neurodevelopmental time windows. Environmental hazards, such as pre- and perinatal complications, traumatic experiences, psychosocial stressors, and cannabis use might negatively intervene with brain developmental trajectories and disturb the balance of important stress systems, which act together with recent life events to push the individual over the threshold for the manifestation of psychosis. The current review presents the dynamic and complex relationship between stress, environment, and psychosis onset, attempting to provide an insight into potentially modifiable factors, enhancing resilience and possibly influencing individual psychosis liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida-Alkisti Xenaki
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dimitrakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Nikos Stefanis
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
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Tang Y, Tan Y, Palaniyappan L, Yao Y, Luo Q, Li Y. Epigenetic profile of the immune system associated with symptom severity and treatment response in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E45-E58. [PMID: 38359932 PMCID: PMC10890792 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental modification of genetic information (epigenetics) is often invoked to explain interindividual differences in the phenotype of schizophrenia. In clinical practice, such variability is most prominent in the symptom profile and the treatment response. Epigenetic regulation of immune function is of particular interest, given the therapeutic relevance of this mechanism in schizophrenia. METHODS We analyzed the DNA methylation data of immune-relevant genes in patients with schizophrenia whose disease duration was less than 3 years, with previous lifetime antipsychotic treatment of no more than 2 weeks total. RESULTS A total of 441 patients met the inclusion criteria. Core symptoms were consistently associated with 206 methylation positions, many of which had previously been implicated in inflammatory responses. Of these, 24 methylation positions were located either in regulatory regions or near the CpG islands of 20 genes, including the SRC gene, which is a key player in glutamatergic signalling. These symptom-associated immune genes were enriched in neuronal development functions, such as neuronal migration and glutamatergic synapse. Compared with using only clinical information (including scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), integrating methylation data into the model significantly improved the predictive ability (as indicated by area under the curve) for response to 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. LIMITATIONS We focused on a small number of methylation probes (immune-centred search) and lacked nutritional data and direct brain-based measures. CONCLUSION Epigenetic modifications of the immune system are associated with symptom severity at onset and subsequent treatment response in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Tang
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang, Yao); the Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China (Tan, Li); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Palaniyappan); Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo)
| | - Yunlong Tan
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang, Yao); the Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China (Tan, Li); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Palaniyappan); Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo)
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang, Yao); the Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China (Tan, Li); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Palaniyappan); Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo)
| | - Yin Yao
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang, Yao); the Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China (Tan, Li); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Palaniyappan); Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo)
| | - Qiang Luo
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang, Yao); the Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China (Tan, Li); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Palaniyappan); Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo)
| | - Yanli Li
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang, Yao); the Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China (Tan, Li); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Palaniyappan); Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont. (Palaniyappan); the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo)
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Budhraja S, Doborjeh M, Singh B, Tan S, Doborjeh Z, Lai E, Merkin A, Lee J, Goh W, Kasabov N. Filter and Wrapper Stacking Ensemble (FWSE): a robust approach for reliable biomarker discovery in high-dimensional omics data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad382. [PMID: 37889118 PMCID: PMC10605029 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selecting informative features, such as accurate biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment, is an essential task in the field of bioinformatics. Medical data often contain thousands of features and identifying potential biomarkers is challenging due to small number of samples in the data, method dependence and non-reproducibility. This paper proposes a novel ensemble feature selection method, named Filter and Wrapper Stacking Ensemble (FWSE), to identify reproducible biomarkers from high-dimensional omics data. In FWSE, filter feature selection methods are run on numerous subsets of the data to eliminate irrelevant features, and then wrapper feature selection methods are applied to rank the top features. The method was validated on four high-dimensional medical datasets related to mental illnesses and cancer. The results indicate that the features selected by FWSE are stable and statistically more significant than the ones obtained by existing methods while also demonstrating biological relevance. Furthermore, FWSE is a generic method, applicable to various high-dimensional datasets in the fields of machine intelligence and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Budhraja
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Innovation (KEDRI), School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maryam Doborjeh
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Innovation (KEDRI), School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Balkaran Singh
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Innovation (KEDRI), School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zohreh Doborjeh
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Grafton, 1023,Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edmund Lai
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Innovation (KEDRI), School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Merkin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore
| | - Wilson Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nikola Kasabov
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Innovation (KEDRI), School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
- Intelligent Systems Research Center, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Derry, BT48 7JL, Ulster, United Kingdom
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, 6/70 Symonds Street, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Saarinen A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Dobewall H, Sormunen E, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Hietala J. Childhood family environment predicting psychotic disorders over a 37-year follow-up - A general population cohort study. Schizophr Res 2023; 258:9-17. [PMID: 37392583 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adverse effects and traumatic experiences increase the risk for several psychiatric disorders. We now investigated whether prospectively assessed childhood family environment per se contributes to increased risk for psychotic disorders in adulthood, and whether these family patterns are also relevant in the development of affective disorders. METHODS We used the Young Finns Data (n = 3502). Childhood family environment was assessed in 1980/1983 with previously constructed risk scores: (1) disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere (parenting practices, parents' life satisfaction, parents' mental disorder, parents' alcohol intoxication), (2) adverse socioeconomic environment (overcrowded apartment, home income, parent's employment, occupational status, educational level), and (3) stress-prone life events (home movement, school change, parental divorce, death, or hospitalization, and child's hospitalization). Psychiatric diagnoses (ICD-10 classification) over the lifespan were collected up to 2017 from the national registry of hospital care. Non-affective psychotic disorder and affective disorder groups were formed. RESULTS Frequent stress-prone life events predicted higher likelihood of non-affective psychotic disorders (OR = 2.401, p = 0.001). Adverse socioeconomic environment or emotional family atmosphere did not predict psychotic disorders. Only disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere predicted modestly higher likelihood of affective disorders (OR = 1.583, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that childhood family environment and atmosphere patterns as such contribute to the risk for developing adulthood mental disorders with relative disorder specificity. The results emphasize the importance of both individual and public health preventive initiatives, including family support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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8
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Ye J, Wei Y, Zeng J, Gao Y, Tang X, Xu L, Hu Y, Liu X, Liu H, Chen T, Li C, Zeng L, Wang J, Zhang T. Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Subtypes of Clinical High Risk Individuals: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1711-1723. [PMID: 37546519 PMCID: PMC10402730 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s418381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have established the roles of inflammation and angioneurins in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). This study aimed to compare the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis or SCZ at baseline and one year after treatment. Methods A total of 289 CHR participants from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis Extended Program (SHARP) were tracked for a year. They were divided into two and four subtypes based on symptom severity according to the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) and received standard medical care. At baseline and one-year follow-up, TNF-α and VEGF were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pathological features were assessed using the Global Assessment of Function (GAF) score. Results Baseline TNF-α levels did not differ significantly, while VEGF levels were lower in patients with more severe symptoms. VEGF showed a negative correlation with negative features, both overall (r = -0.212, p = 0.010) and in the subgroup with higher positive scores (r = -0.370, p = 0.005). TNF-α was positively correlated with negative symptoms in the subgroup with higher negative scores (r = 0.352, p = 0.002). A three-way multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that participants in Subtype 1 of positive or negative symptoms performed better than those in Subtype 2, with significant main effects and interactions of group and both cytokines. Discussion TNF-α and VEGF levels are higher and lower, respectively, in CHR patients with more severe clinical symptoms, particularly negative symptoms, which point to a worsening inflammatory and vascular status in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaYi Ye
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - YanYan Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaHui Zeng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuQing Gao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoChen Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - YeGang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoHua Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - HaiChun Liu
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - ChunBo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - LingYun Zeng
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, ShenZhen, GuangDong, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Catalan A, Aymerich C, Bilbao A, Pedruzo B, Pérez JL, Aranguren N, Salazar de Pablo G, Hedges E, Gil P, Segarra R, González-Pinto A, Fernández-Rivas A, Inchausti L, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, González-Torres MÁ. Psychosis and substance abuse increase the COVID-19 mortality risk. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4236-4244. [PMID: 35410632 PMCID: PMC9114752 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global challenge. High mortality rates have been reported in some risk groups, including patients with pre-existing mental disorders. METHODS We used electronic health records to retrospectively identify people infected due to COVID-19 (between March 2020 and March 2021) in the three territories of the Basque Country. COVID-19 cases were defined as individuals who had tested positive on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and multilevel analyses with generalized estimated equations were used to determine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospital admission. RESULTS The COVID-19 mortality rate was increased for patients with psychotic disorders [odds ratio (OR) adjusted: 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09-1.94), p = 0.0114] and patients with substance abuse [OR adjusted: 1.88, 95% CI (1.13-3.14, p < 0.0152)]. The mortality rate was lower for patients with affective disorders [OR adjusted: 0.80, 95% CI (0.61-0.99), p = 0.0407]. Hospital admission rates due to COVID-19 were higher in psychosis [OR adjusted: 2.90, 95% CI (2.36-3.56), p < 0.0001] and anxiety disorder groups [OR adjusted: 1.54, 95% CI (1.37-1.72), p < 0.0001]. Among admitted patients, COVID-19 mortality rate was decreased for those with affective disorders rate [OR adjusted: 0.72, 95% CI (0.55-0.95), p = 0.0194]. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalizations rates were higher for patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalan
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Aymerich
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amaia Bilbao
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Research Unit, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Health Service Research Network on Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services Research, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Borja Pedruzo
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emily Hedges
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patxi Gil
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Bizkaia Mental Health Network, Programa Lehenak, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael Segarra
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Bioaraba. CIBERSAM. Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Fernández-Rivas
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucía Inchausti
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South London Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services Research, Barakaldo, Spain
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Torres
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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10
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Social interaction, psychotic disorders and inflammation: A triangle of interest. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110697. [PMID: 36521587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction difficulties are a hallmark of psychotic disorders, which in some cases can be definitely traced back to autoimmunological causes. Interestingly, systemic and intrathecal inflammation have been shown to significantly influence social processing by increasing sensitivity to threatening social stimuli, which bears some resemblance to psychosis. In this article, we review evidence for the involvement of systemic and intrathecal inflammatory processes in psychotic disorders and how this might help to explain some of the social impairments associated with this group of disorders. Vice versa, we also discuss evidence for the immunomodulatory function of social interactions and their potential role for therapeutic interventions in psychotic disorders.
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11
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Enrico P, Delvecchio G, Turtulici N, Aronica R, Pigoni A, Squarcina L, Villa FM, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Bellani M, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Scocco P, D'Agostino A, Torresani S, Imbesi M, Bellini F, Veronese A, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Gennarelli M, Balestrieri M, Colombo GI, Finardi A, Ruggeri M, Furlan R, Brambilla P. A machine learning approach on whole blood immunomarkers to identify an inflammation-associated psychosis onset subgroup. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1190-1200. [PMID: 36604602 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis onset is a transdiagnostic event that leads to a range of psychiatric disorders, which are currently diagnosed through clinical observation. The integration of multimodal biological data could reveal different subtypes of psychosis onset to target for the personalization of care. In this study, we tested the existence of subgroups of patients affected by first-episode psychosis (FEP) with a possible immunopathogenic basis. To do this, we designed a data-driven unsupervised machine learning model to cluster a sample of 127 FEP patients and 117 healthy controls (HC), based on the peripheral blood expression levels of 12 psychosis-related immune gene transcripts. To validate the model, we applied a resampling strategy based on the half-splitting of the total sample with random allocation of the cases. Further, we performed a post-hoc univariate analysis to verify the clinical, cognitive, and structural brain correlates of the subgroups identified. The model identified and validated two distinct clusters: 1) a FEP cluster characterized by the high expression of inflammatory and immune-activating genes (IL1B, CCR7, IL12A and CXCR3); 2) a cluster consisting of an equal number of FEP and HC subjects, which did not show a relative over or under expression of any immune marker (balanced subgroup). None of the subgroups was related to specific symptoms dimensions or longitudinal diagnosis of affective vs non-affective psychosis. FEP patients included in the balanced immune subgroup showed a thinning of the left supramarginal and superiorfrontal cortex (FDR-adjusted p-values < 0.05). Our results demonstrated the existence of a FEP patients' subgroup identified by a multivariate pattern of immunomarkers involved in inflammatory activation. This evidence may pave the way to sample stratification in clinical studies aiming to develop diagnostic tools and therapies targeting specific immunopathogenic pathways of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzio Turtulici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Aronica
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Letizia Squarcina
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo M Villa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,USD Clinical Psychology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria G Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Scocco
- Department of Mental Health, AULSS 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Armando D'Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Torresani
- Department of Psychiatry, ULSS, Bolzano Suedtiroler Sanitaetbetrieb- Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Toll A, Blanco-Hinojo L, Berge D, Martín-Subero M, Casanovas F, El-Abidi K, Perez-Solà V, Mané A. Higher lymphocyte count associated with larger hippocampal volume and fewer depressive symptoms in drug-na ïve first-episode psychosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 69:47-55. [PMID: 36709614 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Circulating white blood cells (leucocytes), which form the peripheral immune system, are crucial in inflammatory processes but their role in brain structural change in schizophrenia has been scarcely studied. With this study we want to determine how and which type of white blood cells are associated with hippocampal volume (as a key structure in schi- zophrenia etiopathology) in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Moreover, to determine the association between white blood cells and clinical symptomatology, including positive and negative symptoms, cognition and depression. For this purpose fifty drug-naïve FEP were included in this study. All patients underwent an assessment at baseline and at 1 year follow-up, including sociodemographic and clinical variables (substance use, DUP, PANSS, GAF and CDSS). Fasting blood samples were obtained before administering any medication at baseline. Structural T1 MRI was performed at baseline and brain volumes were quantified. In the present study, higher lymphocyte count was associated with larger right hippocampal volume at baseline in FEP drug-naive patients. Higher lymphocyte count was associated with lower depressive symptomatology measured with CDSS and Marder depressive factor from PANSS at baseline and 1-year follow -up. These results suggest that lymphocytes may have a protective effect in hippocampal volume at baseli- ne in antipsychotic naïve FEP and also, are associated with a better depressive course over follow up. These results open the door to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Toll
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Laura Blanco-Hinojo
- Fundació Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Radiology, MRI Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Berge
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Subero
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Francesc Casanovas
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Khadija El-Abidi
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Perez-Solà
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Anna Mané
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Patel S, Keating BA, Dale RC. Anti-inflammatory properties of commonly used psychiatric drugs. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1039379. [PMID: 36704001 PMCID: PMC9871790 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1039379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders are extremely common across the lifespan and are characterized by a complicated range of symptoms that affect wellbeing. There are relatively few drugs available that target disease mechanisms for any of these disorders. Instead, therapeutics are focused on symptoms and syndromes, largely driven by neurotransmitter hypotheses, such as serotonin or dopamine hypotheses of depression. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal inflammation during pregnancy plays a key role in neurodevelopmental disorders, and inflammation can influence mental health expression across the lifespan. It is now recognized that commonly used psychiatric drugs (anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, and mood stabilizers) have anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we bring together the human evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanisms for these main classes of psychiatric drugs across a broad range of mental health disorders. All three classes of drugs showed evidence of decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and TNF-α, while increasing the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Some studies also showed evidence of reduced inflammatory signaling via nuclear factor- (NF-)κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. As researchers, clinicians, and patients become increasingly aware of the role of inflammation in brain health, it is reassuring that these psychiatric drugs may also abrogate this inflammation, in addition to their effects on neurotransmission. Further studies are required to determine whether inflammation is a driver of disease pathogenesis, and therefore should be a therapeutic target in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrujna Patel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke A. Keating
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Russell C. Dale ✉
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14
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Dourron HM, Strauss C, Hendricks PS. Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:982-1027. [DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Joe P, Clemente JC, Piras E, Wallach DS, Robinson-Papp J, Boka E, Remsen B, Bonner M, Kimhy D, Goetz D, Hoffman K, Lee J, Ruby E, Fendrich S, Gonen O, Malaspina D. An integrative study of the microbiome gut-brain-axis and hippocampal inflammation in psychosis: Persistent effects from mode of birth. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:101-115. [PMID: 34625336 PMCID: PMC8980116 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism producing psychosis appears to include hippocampal inflammation, which could be associated with the microbiome-gut-brain-axis (MGBS). To test this hypothesis we are conducting a multidisciplinary study, herein described. The procedures are illustrated with testing of a single subject and group level information on the impact of C-section birth are presented. METHOD Study subjects undergo research diagnostic interviews and symptom assessments to be categorized into one of 3 study groups: psychosis, nonpsychotic affective disorder or healthy control. Hippocampal volume and metabolite concentrations are assessed using 3-dimensional, multi-voxel H1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRSI) encompassing all gray matter in the entire hippocampal volume. Rich self-report information is obtained with the PROMIS interview, which was developed by the NIH Commons for research in chronic conditions. Early trauma is assessed and cognition is quantitated using the MATRICS. The method also includes the most comprehensive autonomic nervous system (ANS) battery used to date in psychiatric research. Stool and oral samples are obtained for microbiome assessments and cytokines and other substances are measured in blood samples. RESULTS Group level preliminary data shows that C-section birth is associated with higher concentrations of GLX, a glutamate related hippocampal neurotransmitter in psychotic cases, worse symptoms in affective disorder cases and smaller hippocampal volume in controls. CONCLUSION Mode of birth appears to have persistent influences through adulthood. The methodology described for this study will define pathways through which the MGBA may influence the risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Joe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrica Piras
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Wallach
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Emeka Boka
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke Remsen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mharisi Bonner
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kimhy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Goetz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Hoffman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakleen Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene Ruby
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Fendrich
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Health Care Incentives & Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oded Gonen
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Prevalence, profile and associations of cognitive impairment in Ugandan first-episode psychosis patients. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 28:100234. [PMID: 35024348 PMCID: PMC8728100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) is the gold standard for neuropsychological assessment in psychotic disorders but is rarely used in low resource settings. This study used the MCCB to determine the prevalence, profile and associations of various exposures with cognitive impairment in Ugandan first-episode psychosis patients. Methods Patients and matched healthy controls were recruited at Butabika Hospital in Uganda. Clinical variables were first collated, and after the resolution of psychotic symptoms, a neuropsychological assessment of seven cognitive domains was performed using the MCCB. Cognitive impairment was defined as two standard deviations (SD) below the mean in one domain or 1SD below the mean in two domains. Descriptive statistics determined the prevalence and profile of impairment while regression models determined the association between various exposures with cognitive scores while controlling for age, sex and education. Results Neuropsychological assessment with the MCCB found the burden of cognitive impairment in first-episode psychosis patients five times that of healthy controls. The visual learning and memory domain was most impaired in first-episode psychosis patients, while it was the working memory domain for the healthy controls. Increased age was associated with impairment in the domains of the speed of processing (p < 0.001) and visual learning and memory (p = 0.001). Cassava-rich diets and previous alternative and complementary therapy use were negatively associated with impairment in the visual learning (p = 0.04) and attention/vigilance domains (p = 0.012), respectively. There were no significant associations between sex, history of childhood trauma, or illness severity with any cognitive domain. Conclusion A significant burden of cognitive impairment in Ugandan first-episode psychosis patients is consistent with prior data from other contexts. However, the profile of and risk factors for impairment differ from that described in such work. Therefore, interventions to reduce cognitive impairment in FEP patients specific to this setting, including dietary modifications, are required.
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17
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Finlay S, Rudd D, McDermott B, Sarnyai Z. Allostatic load and systemic comorbidities in psychiatric disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105726. [PMID: 35339811 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are complex, disabling, and chronic conditions that are often accompanied by one or more systemic medical comorbidities. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the allostatic load concept, which represents a multi-system dysregulation in response to chronic stress and link it to systemic comorbidities associated with psychiatric disorders. We synthesized published literature gathered using Medline (Ovid), Scopus, and PsychInfo and identified a high frequency of systemic comorbidities for both mood and psychotic disorders. The identified cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune comorbidities may represent the result of chronic wear and tear caused by a complex interaction between chronic psychosocial stress, health risk behaviors, pharmacological stressors, and the biological systems involved in the development of allostatic load. These findings support the notion that psychiatric disorders should be re-conceptualized as systemic disorders, affecting the brain and systemic biological pathways in an interconnected fashion to result in systemic comorbidities. We suggest that the multi-systemic and multi-dimensional approach that drives the allostatic load concept should be considered for understanding comorbidities in vulnerable psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Finlay
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Worsening Quality of Life in Young Adult, Highly Educated, and Married Female Patients with Vitiligo: A Hospital-Based Case Control Study in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116741. [PMID: 35682324 PMCID: PMC9180357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired chronic depigmentation disorder that can have a negative impact on the quality of life (QoL). This is especially true for patients with non-white skin. Only few studies have investigated the QoL of Asian patients with vitiligo. We aimed to investigate the QoL in Taiwanese vitiligo patients and identify the factors that influence their QoL. The cross-sectional study recruited 100 vitiligo patients and 100 controls with general skin diseases in the Department of Dermatology of Changhua Christian Hospital. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire for demographic information and modified Skindex-21 instruments. The QoL was not significantly different between vitiligo patients and controls. Among the vitiligo patients, adults exhibited deteriorated emotional levels and total QoL as compared with non-adults. Married females reported greater levels of emotional disturbance than the unmarried ones. A higher educational level and shorter history of disease were associated with greater emotional impacts. The patients with a generalized type of vitiligo suffered more in total QoL. After multivariate adjustment, the young adult patients aged 20–39 were associated with poorer total QoL. It is suggested that vitiligo patients who are aged between 20 and 39, are married females, are highly educated, have a shorter disease history, and suffer from the generalized type of this disease demonstrate more deterioration in their life quality compared with other vitiligo patients. Care providers should tailor the psychological counseling and treatment accordingly.
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Sun ZY, Ma DL, Gu LH, Chen X, Zhang L, Li L. DHF-7 Ameliorates Behavioral Disorders and White Matter Lesions by Regulating BDNF and Fyn in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Cuprizone and MK-801. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:600-612. [PMID: 35353146 PMCID: PMC9352181 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder including multiple clinical symptoms such as severe psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. DHF-7 is a novel dihydroflavanone derivative that was designed and synthesized to treat schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of DHF-7 in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by a combination of cuprizone and MK-801. METHODS After intragastric administration of DHF-7 for 7 weeks, open field, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed to detect behavioral changes in the mouse model. White matter lesions and myelin loss were determined using transmission electron microscopy and oil red O staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of the related proteins. RESULTS The results showed that DHF-7 treatment significantly improved cognitive impairment and positive symptoms in the model mice. Moreover, DHF-7 alleviated white matter lesions and demyelination and promoted the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocytes for remyelination in the corpus callosum of model mice. The mechanistic study showed that DHF-7 increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and phosphorylated Fyn, thus activating the tyrosine kinase receptor B (Trk B)/Fyn/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2 B (NMDAR2B) and Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an experimental basis for the development of DHF-7 as a novel therapeutic agent for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Correspondence: Lin Li, MD, PhD, Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Chang-chun Street, Beijing 100053, China ()
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Deregulation of complement components C4A and CSMD1 peripheral expression in first-episode psychosis and links to cognitive ability. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1219-1228. [PMID: 35532796 PMCID: PMC9508018 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of the complement component 4A (C4A) in the brain has been associated with excessive synaptic pruning and increased schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility. Over-expression of C4A has been observed in SZ postmortem brain tissue, and the gene encoding for a protein inhibitor of C4A activity, CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene, has been implicated in SZ risk and cognitive ability. Herein, we examined C4A and CSMD1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood from antipsychotic-naive individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP; n = 73) and mentally healthy volunteers (n = 48). Imputed C4 locus structural alleles and C4A serum protein levels were investigated. Associations with symptom severity and cognitive domains performance were explored. A significant decrease in CSMD1 expression levels was noted among FEP patients compared to healthy volunteers, further indicating a positive correlation between C4A and CSMD1 mRNA levels in healthy volunteers but not in FEP cases. In addition, C4 copy number variants previously associated with SZ risk correlated with higher C4A mRNA levels in FEP cases, which confirms the regulatory effect of C4 structural variants on gene expression. Evidence also emerged for markedly elevated C4A serum concentrations in FEP cases. Within the FEP patient group, higher C4A mRNA levels correlated with more severe general psychopathology symptoms and lower CSMD1 mRNA levels predicted worse working memory performance. Overall, these findings suggest C4A complement pathway perturbations in individuals with FEP and corroborate the involvement of CSMD1 in prefrontal-mediated cognitive functioning.
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21
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Guan F, Ni T, Zhu W, Williams LK, Cui LB, Li M, Tubbs J, Sham PC, Gui H. Integrative omics of schizophrenia: from genetic determinants to clinical classification and risk prediction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:113-126. [PMID: 34193973 PMCID: PMC11018294 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability and complex inheritance. In the past decade, successful identification of numerous susceptibility loci has provided useful insights into the molecular etiology of SCZ. However, applications of these findings to clinical classification and diagnosis, risk prediction, or intervention for SCZ have been limited, and elucidating the underlying genomic and molecular mechanisms of SCZ is still challenging. More recently, multiple Omics technologies - genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, connectomics, and gut microbiomics - have all been applied to examine different aspects of SCZ pathogenesis. Integration of multi-Omics data has thus emerged as an approach to provide a more comprehensive view of biological complexity, which is vital to enable translation into assessments and interventions of clinical benefit to individuals with SCZ. In this review, we provide a broad survey of the single-omics studies of SCZ, summarize the advantages and challenges of different Omics technologies, and then focus on studies in which multiple omics data are integrated to unravel the complex pathophysiology of SCZ. We believe that integration of multi-Omics technologies would provide a roadmap to create a more comprehensive picture of interactions involved in the complex pathogenesis of SCZ, constitute a rich resource for elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms of the illness, and eventually improve clinical assessments and interventions of SCZ to address clinical translational questions from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Ni
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weili Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Justin Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Behavioral Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Leveraging interindividual variability of regulatory activity for refining genetic regulation of gene expression in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:5177-5185. [PMID: 36114277 PMCID: PMC9763101 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a polygenic psychiatric disorder with limited understanding about the mechanistic changes in gene expression regulation. To elucidate on this, we integrate interindividual variability of regulatory activity (ChIP-sequencing for H3K27ac histone mark) with gene expression and genotype data captured from the prefrontal cortex of 272 cases and controls. By measuring interindividual correlation among proximal chromatin peaks, we show that regulatory element activity is structured into 10,936 and 10,376 cis-regulatory domains in cases and controls, respectively. The schizophrenia-specific cis-regulatory domains are enriched for fetal-specific (p = 0.0014, OR = 1.52) and depleted of adult-specific regulatory activity (p = 3.04 × 10-50, OR = 0.57) and are enriched for SCZ heritability (p = 0.001). By studying the interplay among genetic variants, gene expression, and cis-regulatory domains, we ascertain that changes in coordinated regulatory activity tag alterations in gene expression levels (p = 3.43 × 10-5, OR = 1.65), unveil case-specific QTL effects, and identify regulatory machinery changes for genes affecting synaptic function and dendritic spine morphology in schizophrenia. Altogether, we show that accounting for coordinated regulatory activity provides a novel mechanistic approach to reduce the search space for unveiling genetically perturbed regulation of gene expression in schizophrenia.
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Methylomic Investigation of Problematic Adolescent Cannabis Use and Its Negative Mental Health Consequences. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1524-1532. [PMID: 33631312 PMCID: PMC8380262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of adolescent cannabis use is a pressing public health question owing to the high rates of use and links to negative outcomes. This study considered the association between problematic adolescent cannabis use and methylation. METHOD Using an enrichment-based sequencing approach, a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) was performed of problematic adolescent cannabis use in 703 adolescent samples from the Great Smoky Mountain Study. Using epigenomic deconvolution, MWASs were performed for the main cell types in blood: granulocytes, T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Enrichment testing was conducted to establish overlap between cannabis-associated methylation differences and variants associated with negative mental health effects of adolescent cannabis use. RESULTS Whole-blood analyses identified 45 significant CpGs, and cell type-specific analyses yielded 32 additional CpGs not identified in the whole-blood MWAS. Significant overlap was observed between the B-cell MWAS and genetic studies of education attainment and intelligence. Furthermore, the results from both T cells and monocytes overlapped with findings from an MWAS of psychosis conducted in brain tissue. CONCLUSION In one of the first methylome-wide association studies of adolescent cannabis use, several methylation sites located in genes of importance for potentially relevant brain functions were identified. These findings resulted in several testable hypotheses by which cannabis-associated methylation can impact neurological development and inflammation response as well as potential mechanisms linking cannabis-associated methylation to potential downstream mental health effects.
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Serum Levels of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP Correlate with Glycolipid Metabolism in Adults with Never-Medicated First-Episode Schizophrenia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7394699. [PMID: 34812265 PMCID: PMC8605916 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7394699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective It has been reported that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in multiepisode patients with schizophrenia is 35.3%, which is 2- to 4-fold higher than in the general population. The study is designed to compare the glycolipid metabolism in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls to investigate changes in serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and their relationships with the glycolipid metabolism in patients with FES. Methods His case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with FES and 88 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). Patients with FES were classified into MS and non-MS groups. Results There were significant differences in the education level, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference between the patients with FES and healthy controls (all p > 0.05). The patients with FES had higher levels of FPG and blood glucose at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2 h glucose) concomitant with higher proportion of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) than healthy controls (all p < 0.001). It was revealed that the patients with FES showed higher serum levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP than healthy controls (all p < 0.001). The serum level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the score of PANSS totals (r = 0.551) and the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r = 0.494). The serum levels of MIF and hs-CRP was only positively correlated with the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r = 0.320 and r = 0.446). The level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the levels of FPG, 2 h glucose, and HOMA2-IR; the level of MIF was only positively correlated with the level of HOMA2-IR; the level of hs-CRP had a positive correlation with both levels of FPG and 2 h glucose (all p < 0.001). The levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP all shared positive correlations with the TG level and negative correlations with the HDL-C level (all p < 0.001). There were remarkable differences between the MS and non-MS groups with regard to BMI, waist circumference, negative subscale of the PANSS scale, FPG, TG, and HDL-C (all p < 0.05). Elevated levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP were detected in the MS group compared to the non-MS group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that increased concentrations of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP may contribute to the abnormal glycolipid metabolism in the context of schizophrenia.
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Mitra S, Bult-Ito A. Bidirectional Behavioral Selection in Mice: A Novel Pre-clinical Approach to Examining Compulsivity. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:716619. [PMID: 34566718 PMCID: PMC8458042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders (OCRD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders with no definitive etiology. The pathophysiological attributes of OCD are driven by a multitude of factors that involve polygenic mechanisms, gender, neurochemistry, physiological status, environmental exposures and complex interactions among these factors. Such complex intertwining of contributing factors imparts clinical heterogeneity to the disorder making it challenging for therapeutic intervention. Mouse strains selected for excessive levels of nest- building behavior exhibit a spontaneous, stable and predictable compulsive-like behavioral phenotype. These compulsive-like mice exhibit heterogeneity in expression of compulsive-like and other adjunct behaviors that might serve as a valuable animal equivalent for examining the interactions of genetics, sex and environmental factors in influencing the pathophysiology of OCD. The current review summarizes the existing findings on the compulsive-like mice that bolster their face, construct and predictive validity for studying various dimensions of compulsive and associated behaviors often reported in clinical OCD and OCRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Abel Bult-Ito
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
- OCRD Biomed LLC, Fairbanks, AK, United States
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Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Dopamine Receptor D 2 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1 H)-one Derivatives Related to Aripiprazole. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091262. [PMID: 34572475 PMCID: PMC8464836 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, a series of new 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potential dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) modulators were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The preliminary structure-activity relationship disclosed that compound 5e exhibited the highest D2R affinity among the newly synthesized compounds. In addition, 5e showed a very low cytotoxic profile and a high probability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is important considering the observed affinity. However, molecular modelling simulation revealed completely different binding mode of 5e compared to USC-D301, which might be the culprit of the reduced affinity of 5e toward D2R in comparison with USC-D301.
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Enrico P, Delvecchio G, Turtulici N, Pigoni A, Villa FM, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Bellani M, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Scocco P, D’Agostino A, Torresani S, Imbesi M, Bellini F, Veronese A, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Gennarelli M, Balestrieri M, Colombo GI, Finardi A, Ruggeri M, Furlan R, Brambilla P. Classification of Psychoses Based on Immunological Features: A Machine Learning Study in a Large Cohort of First-Episode and Chronic Patients. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1141-1155. [PMID: 33561292 PMCID: PMC8266656 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For several years, the role of immune system in the pathophysiology of psychosis has been well-recognized, showing differences from the onset to chronic phases. Our study aims to implement a biomarker-based classification model suitable for the clinical management of psychotic patients. A machine learning algorithm was used to classify a cohort of 362 subjects, including 160 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 70 patients affected by chronic psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) with psychosis (CRO) and 132 health controls (HC), based on mRNA transcript levels of 56 immune genes. Models distinguished between FEP, CRO, and HC and between the subgroup of drug-free FEP and HC with a mean accuracy of 80.8% and 90.4%, respectively. Interestingly, by using the feature importance method, we identified some immune gene transcripts that contribute most to the classification accuracy, possibly giving new insights on the immunopathogenesis of psychosis. Therefore, our results suggest that our classification model has a high translational potential, which may pave the way for a personalized management of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzio Turtulici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- AOUI – Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- AOUI – Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Scocco
- Department of Mental Health, AULSS 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Armando D’Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Torresani
- Department of Psychiatry, ULSS, Bolzano Suedtiroler Sanitaetbetrieb- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- AOUI – Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Scheffler F, Du Plessis S, Asmal L, Kilian S, Phahladira L, Luckhoff HK, Emsley R. Cannabis use and hippocampal subfield volumes in males with a first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2021; 231:13-21. [PMID: 33740561 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both schizophrenia and cannabis use are associated with structural brain changes. The hippocampus is a region of particular interest due to its role in memory and select cognitive functions, impairment of which is a core feature of schizophrenia and has also been observed in substance abuse. This study aimed to explore the effects of recent/current cannabis use on hippocampal subfield volumes in male patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders and matched controls. METHODS This cross-sectional, case-control study included 63 patients and 58 controls scanned on 3T MRI scanners, with hippocampal segmentation performed using recently validated Freesurfer v6.0 software. Cannabis use status was determined by self and carer report together with urine toxicology screening, and patients were categorised as recent/current users or non-users. We used multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with age, scan sequence, scan quality, and total intracranial volume as covariates, with subsequent analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the effects of diagnosis and cannabis use status on individual hippocampal subfields. RESULTS We found a group (patient/control) by cannabis use interaction effect in the subiculum, with decreased volumes observed in the cannabis non-using patients compared to the cannabis using patients, and decreased volumes in the cannabis using controls compared to the cannabis non-using controls. CONCLUSION The increased subiculum volume in cannabis using patients compared to cannabis non-using patients raises important questions regarding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the role of cannabis use therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - S Du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - S Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - H K Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - R Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Linnaranta O, Trontti KT, Honkanen J, Hovatta I, Keinänen J, Suvisaari J. Peripheral metabolic state and immune system in first-episode psychosis - A gene expression study with a prospective one-year follow-up. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:383-392. [PMID: 33765450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
he excess availability of glucose and lipids can also have an impact on the dynamics of activation and regulation of peripheral immune cellsWe aimed at understanding the correlations between peripheral metabolic state and immune system during the first year in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Patients with FEP (n = 67) and matched controls (n = 38), aged 18-40 years, were met at baseline, 2 and 12 months. Fasting peripheral blood samples were collected. We applied the NanoString nCounter in-solution hybridization technology to determine gene expression levels of 178 candidate genes reflecting activation of the immune system. Serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and insulin and plasma glucose (fP-Gluc) were measured. We applied Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to visualize enrichment of genes to functional classes. Strength of positive or negative regulation of the disease and functional pathways was deduced from IPA activation Z-score at the three evaluation points. We correlated gene expression with plasma glucose, triglycerids and HDL and LDL, and used hierarchical clustering of the pairwise correlations to identify groups of genes with similar correlation patterns with metabolic markers. In patients, initially, genes associated with the innate immune system response pathways were upregulated, which decreased by 12 months. Furthermore, genes associated with apoptosis and T cell death were downregulated, and genes associated with lipid metabolism were increasingly downregulated by 12 months. The immune activation was thus an acute phase during illness onset. At baseline, after controlling for multiple testing, 31/178 genes correlated positively with fasting glucose levels, and 54/178 genes negatively with triglycerides in patients only. The gene clusters showed patterns of correlations with metabolic markers over time. The results suggest a functional link between peripheral immune system and metabolic state in FEP. Metabolic factors may have had an influence on the initial activation of the innate immune system. Future work is necessary to understand the role of metabolic state in the regulation of immune response in the early phases of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Centre for Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kalevi T Trontti
- Sleep Well Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Sleep Well Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Keinänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 590, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
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Chestnykh DA, Amato D, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia: Mechanisms of antipsychotic accumulation, therapeutic action and failure. Behav Brain Res 2021; 403:113144. [PMID: 33515642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multi-dimensional disorder with a complex and mostly unknown etiology, leading to a severe decline in life quality. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) remain beneficial interventions in the treatment of the disorder, but vary significantly in binding profile, clinical effects and adverse reactions. The present review summarizes the main principles of APD mechanisms of action with a particular focus on recent findings in APD accumulation and its role in the therapeutic efficacy and treatment failure. High and low doses of APDs were shown to be effective in different dimensions of antipsychotic-like behaviour in rodent models. Efficacy of the APDs correlates with high dopamine D2 receptor occupancy, which occurs quickly after drug administration. However, onset and peak of action are delayed up to several days or weeks. APD accumulation via acidic trapping in synaptic vesicles is considered to underlie the time course of APD action. Use-dependent exocytosis, co-release with dopamine and serotonin and inhibition of ion channels impact on the neuronal transmission and determine effects of APDs. Disruption in accumulating properties leads to diminished APD effects. In addition, long-term APD administration at therapeutic doses leads to treatment failure both in animal models and in humans. APD failure was associated with treatment induced neuroadaptations, including a decline in extracellular dopamine levels, dopamine transporter upregulation, and altered neuronal firing. However, enhanced synaptic vesicle release has also been reported. APD loss of efficacy may be reversed through inhibition of the dopamine transporter or switching the administration regimen from continuous to intermittent. Thus, manipulating the accumulation properties of APDs, changes in the administration regimen and doses, or co-administration with dopamine transporter inhibitors may be considered to yield benefits in the development of new effective strategies in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Chestnykh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Davide Amato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Gibson CL, Nia AB, Spriggs SA, DeFrancisco D, Swift A, Perkel C, Zhong X, Mazumdar M, Fernandez N, Patel M, Kim-Schulze S, Hurd YL. Cannabinoid use in psychotic patients impacts inflammatory levels and their association with psychosis severity. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113380. [PMID: 32818918 PMCID: PMC8292796 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory abnormalities are well-documented in individuals with chronic psychotic disorders. Particular attention has focused on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its correlation with psychotic symptom severity. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis and also has immunomodulating properties. It has been hypothesized that inflammatory disturbances are a common underlying pathology between cannabis use and psychosis. We measured inflammatory markers in individuals admitted to a psychiatric unit with acute psychosis who had toxicology positive for natural and/or synthetic cannabinoids (n = 59) compared to patients with negative cannabinoid toxicology (n = 60). Psychosis severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). While PANSS scores were similar between groups, cannabinoid-positive participants were more likely to receive pro re nata (PRN or as-needed) medications for agitation in the psychiatric emergency room, particularly synthetic cannabinoid-positive participants. In unadjusted models, cannabinoid-positive participants had lower interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels (p = 0.046), but this finding was not significant after adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons. Among cannabinoid-positive participants, IL-6 levels negatively correlated with PANSS total score (p = 0.040), as well as positive (p = 0.035) and negative (p = 0.024) subscales. Results suggest inflammatory alterations among psychotic individuals with comorbid cannabinoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anahita Bassir Nia
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sharron A. Spriggs
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Daniel DeFrancisco
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Amy Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Charles Perkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhong
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Madhu Mazumdar
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Fernandez
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L. Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Corresponding Author: Dr. Yasmin L. Hurd, 1470 Madison Avenue, Hess building for Science and Medicine, 10-105, New York, NY 10029, Phone: (212)824-9314; Fax: (646)-537-9598,
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Singh R, Bathaei MJ, Istif E, Beker L. A Review of Bioresorbable Implantable Medical Devices: Materials, Fabrication, and Implementation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000790. [PMID: 32790033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are designed to sense specific parameters or stimulate organs and have been actively used for treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. IMDs are used for long-term disease screening or treatments and cannot be considered for short-term applications since patients need to go through a surgery for retrieval of the IMD. Advances in bioresorbable materials has led to the development of transient IMDs that can be resorbed by bodily fluids and disappear after a certain period. These devices are designed to be implanted in the adjacent of the targeted tissue for predetermined times with the aim of measurement of pressure, strain, or temperature, while the bioelectronic devices stimulate certain tissues. They enable opportunities for monitoring and treatment of acute diseases. To realize such transient and miniaturized devices, researchers utilize a variety of materials, novel fabrication methods, and device design strategies. This review discusses potential bioresorbable materials for each component in an IMD followed by programmable degradation and safety standards. Then, common fabrication methods for bioresorbable materials are introduced, along with challenges. The final section provides representative examples of bioresorbable IMDs for various applications with an emphasis on materials, device functionality, and fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Mohammad Javad Bathaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Emin Istif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
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Mongan D, Ramesar M, Föcking M, Cannon M, Cotter D. Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia: A review of the evidence, proposed mechanisms and implications for treatment. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:385-397. [PMID: 31368253 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Over the past several decades, there has been a growing research interest in the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This review aims to summarize evidence in support of this relationship, to discuss biological mechanisms that might explain it, and to explore the translational impact by examining evidence from trials of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of schizophrenia. METHODS This narrative review of the literature summarizes evidence from observational studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses to evaluate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and to discuss associated implications for treatment. RESULTS Epidemiological evidence and animal models support a hypothesis of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, which increases the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. Several biomarker studies have found associations between classical pro-inflammatory cytokines and schizophrenia. The precise biological mechanisms by which inflammatory processes might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remain unclear, but likely include the actions of microglia and the complement system. Importantly, several trials provide evidence that certain anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents show beneficial effects in the treatment of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is a need for further precision-focused basic science and translational research. CONCLUSIONS Increasing our understanding of the role of inflammation in schizophrenia will enable novel opportunities for therapeutic and preventative interventions that are informed by the underlying pathogenesis of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mongan
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Mary Cannon
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Severance EG, Dickerson F, Yolken RH. Complex Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Sources of Inflammation in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32625121 PMCID: PMC7313532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A low level, inflammatory phenotype is prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia, but the source of this inflammation is not known. Studies of the gut-brain axis indicate that this inflammation may be related to the translocation of intestinal microbes across a permeabilized gut-vasculature barrier. In addition, studies of the endocrine system support that this inflammation may derive from effects of stress hormones and metabolic imbalances. Gastrointestinal (GI) and endocrine conditions are not mutually exclusive, but rather may have additive effects to produce this inflammatory phenotype in schizophrenia. Here, we examined a series of plasma biomarkers used to measure general inflammation and presumably microbial, gut-derived inflammation in 409 individuals with schizophrenia: c-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and IgG antibodies to S. cerevisiae, bovine milk casein, and wheat gluten. Individuals were stratified according to whether or not they had a comorbid GI or endocrine condition, both, or neither. In multivariate regression models, the presence of GI and endocrine conditions was additive for the GI-based marker, LBP, with significant associations only when both conditions were present compared to when both conditions were absent (OR = 2.32, 95th% CI 1.05-5.13, p < 0.03). In contrast, the marker of general inflammation, CRP, was strongly associated with primarily endocrine conditions (OR = 3.64, 95th% CI 1.35-9.84, p < 0.05). Overall associations were largely driven by the GI condition, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and by the endocrine condition, obesity. In univariate comparisons, S. cerevisiae IgG levels were significantly elevated only in persons with GI conditions (p < 0.02), whereas antibodies to the food antigens were elevated in the presence of either or both conditions (p < 0.005-0.04). More severe psychiatric symptoms were associated only with GI conditions (p < 0.01-0.04). In conclusion, both GI and endocrine abnormalities may contribute to inflammation in schizophrenia, sometimes independently and sometimes as part of interactions which may represent complex integrated pathways. The accumulating evidence for multisystem inflammation in schizophrenia may lead to the development of new strategies to prevent and treat this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Severance
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Robert H. Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ucuz I, Altunisik N, Sener S, Turkmen D, Kavuran NA, Marsak M, Colak C. Quality of life, emotion dysregulation, attention deficit and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:510-515. [PMID: 32064670 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentation disorder, which can have a negative effect on patient quality of life (QoL). AIM To evaluate QoL and psychiatric comorbidity in paediatric patients with vitiligo. METHODS In total, 30 patients aged 8-18 years who were diagnosed with vitiligo and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. The Children's Depression Inventory, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and Child Somatization Inventory were completed for both patients and controls. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was administered to all patients by a child psychiatrist. Families were also asked to complete the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Emotion Regulation Checklist for children. RESULTS The K-SADS-PL evaluation showed that 90% of the patients in the vitiligo group had at least one psychiatric diagnosis, whereas this rate was 20% in the HCs (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between vitiligo and HCs in terms of anxiety, state and trait anxiety scores (P < 0.05). Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was detected in 36.6% of the patients. CONCLUSION The most important finding of this study is that anxiety disorders are more prominent than depression in childhood vitiligo. Another important finding of this study is that the prevalence of ADHD is significantly higher than the normal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ucuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - N Altunisik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Sener
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - D Turkmen
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - N A Kavuran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Marsak
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - C Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Torres T, Boloc D, Rodríguez N, Blázquez A, Plana MT, Varela E, Gassó P, Martinez-Pinteño A, Lázaro L, Arnaiz JA, Mas S. Response to fluoxetine in children and adolescents: a weighted gene co-expression network analysis of peripheral blood. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2028-2040. [PMID: 32509197 PMCID: PMC7269974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inconclusive and non-replicated results of pharmacogenetic studies of antidepressant response could be related to the lack of acknowledgement of its mechanism of action. In this scenario, gene expression studies provide and interesting framework to reveal new candidate genes for pharmacogenetic studies or peripheral biomarkers of fluoxetine response. We propose a system biology approach to analyse changes in gene expression induced by eight weeks of treatment with fluoxetine in peripheral blood. 21 naïve child and adolescents participated in the present study. Our analysis include the identification of gene co-expression modules, using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), followed by protein-protein interaction (PPi) network construction coupled with functional annotation. Our results revealed two modules of co-expression genes related to fluoxetine treatment. The constructed networks from these modules were enriched for biological processes related to cellular and metabolic processes, cell communication, immune system processes, cell death, response to stimulus and neurogenesis. Some of these processes, such as immune system, replicated previous findings in the literature, whereas, neurogenesis, a mechanism proposed to be involved in fluoxetine response, had been identified for first time using peripheral tissues. In conclusion, our study identifies several biological processes in relation to fluoxetine treatment in peripheral blood, offer new candidate genes for pharmacogenetic studies and valuable markers for peripheral moderator biomarkers discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Torres
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Boloc
- Department of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Blázquez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Plana
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Varela
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martinez-Pinteño
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Department of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health InstituteMadrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Arnaiz
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health InstituteMadrid, Spain
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Teasdale S, Mörkl S, Müller-Stierlin AS. Nutritional psychiatry in the treatment of psychotic disorders: Current hypotheses and research challenges. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100070. [PMID: 34589852 PMCID: PMC8474162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Pries L, Klingenberg B, Menne‐Lothmann C, Decoster J, van Winkel R, Collip D, Delespaul P, De Hert M, Derom C, Thiery E, Jacobs N, Wichers M, Cinar O, Lin BD, Luykx JJ, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Guloksuz S. Polygenic liability for schizophrenia and childhood adversity influences daily-life emotion dysregulation and psychosis proneness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:465-475. [PMID: 32027017 PMCID: PMC7318228 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-S) interacts with childhood adversity and daily-life stressors to influence momentary mental state domains (negative affect, positive affect, and subtle psychosis expression) and stress-sensitivity measures. METHODS The data were retrieved from a general population twin cohort including 593 adolescents and young adults. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Daily-life stressors and momentary mental state domains were measured using ecological momentary assessment. PRS-S was trained on the latest Psychiatric Genetics Consortium schizophrenia meta-analysis. The analyses were conducted using multilevel mixed-effects tobit regression models. RESULTS Both childhood adversity and daily-life stressors were associated with increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, and increased subtle psychosis expression, while PRS-S was only associated with increased positive affect. No gene-environment correlation was detected. There is novel evidence for interaction effects between PRS-S and childhood adversity to influence momentary mental states [negative affect (b = 0.07, P = 0.013), positive affect (b = -0.05, P = 0.043), and subtle psychosis expression (b = 0.11, P = 0.007)] and stress-sensitivity measures. CONCLUSION Exposure to childhood adversities, particularly in individuals with high PRS-S, is pleiotropically associated with emotion dysregulation and psychosis proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.‐K. Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - B. Klingenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - C. Menne‐Lothmann
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - J. Decoster
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Centre KU LeuvenKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Brothers of CharityUniversity Psychiatric Centre Sint‐Kamillus BierbeekBierbeekBelgium
| | - R. van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Centre KU LeuvenKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - D. Collip
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - P. Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - M. De Hert
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Centre KU LeuvenKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair – AHLECUniversity AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - C. Derom
- Centre of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGhent University HospitalsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - E. Thiery
- Department of NeurologyGhent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - N. Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesOpen University of the NetherlandsHeerlenThe Netherlands
| | - M. Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryInterdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - O. Cinar
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - B. D. Lin
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - J. J. Luykx
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,GGNet Mental HealthApeldoornThe Netherlands
| | - B. P. F. Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - J. van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of PsychiatryKing's Health PartnersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologySchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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39
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Increased number of T-lymphocytes in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:526-528. [PMID: 31676171 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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Steiner J, Frodl T, Schiltz K, Dobrowolny H, Jacobs R, Fernandes BS, Guest PC, Meyer-Lotz G, Borucki K, Bahn S, Bogerts B, Falkai P, Bernstein HG. Innate Immune Cells and C-Reactive Protein in Acute First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia: Relationship to Psychopathology and Treatment. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:363-373. [PMID: 31504969 PMCID: PMC7442383 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity has been linked to initiation of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, risk of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and schizophrenia (Sz) is increased after various infections in predisposed individuals. Thus, we hypothesized an analogous role of innate immunity with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-affective psychosis. Differential blood count, CRP, neutrophil and monocyte-macrophage activation markers, cortisol and psychotic symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]) were assessed in controls (n = 294) and acutely ill unmedicated FEP (n = 129) and Sz (n = 124) patients at baseline and after 6 weeks treatment. Neutrophils, monocytes, and CRP were increased in patients vs controls at baseline (P < .001), and neutrophil and monocyte counts correlated positively with activation markers. Eosinophils were lower at baseline in FEP (P < .001) and Sz (P = .021) vs controls. Differences in neutrophils (P = .023), eosinophils (P < .001), and CRP (P < .001) were also present when controlling for smoking and cortisol, and partially remitted after antipsychotic treatment. FEP patients with high neutrophils (P = .048) or monocytes (P = .021) had higher PANSS-P scores at baseline but similar disease course. CRP correlated with PANSS-P at baseline (ρ = 0.204, P = .012). Improvement of positive symptoms after treatment correlated with declining neutrophils (ρ = 0.186, P = .015) or CRP (ρ = 0.237, P = .002) and rising eosinophils (ρ = -0.161, P = .036). In FEP, normalization of neutrophils (ρ = -0.231, P = .029) and eosinophils (ρ = 0.209, P = .048) correlated with drug dosage. In conclusion, innate immune system activation correlated with PANSS-P, supporting the immune hypothesis of psychosis. Neutrophil and monocyte counts and CRP levels may be useful markers of disease acuity, severity, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Steiner
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 49-391-67 15019, fax: 49-391-67 15223, e-mail:
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany,German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Meyer-Lotz
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany,Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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41
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Birth dimensions, severe mental illness and risk of type 2 diabetes in a
cohort of Danish men born in 1953. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 62:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Birth dimensions have been associated with increased risk of both,
severe mental illness and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, however, any
influence on their co-occurrence has never been examined. This cohort
study examine whether birth weight/ponderal index explain or modify the
later association between severe mental illness and risk of type 2
diabetes.
Methods:
The Metropolit cohort included 10,863 Danish men born in 1953 with
information from age at conscription (between1971-84) until February
15th, 2018. Severe mental illness was defined
as the exposure and information was retrieved from the national Danish
health registries. Information on type 2 diabetes diagnosis or oral
antidiabetic prescriptions was also obtained, as they were the outcome
of interest. Information on birth weight/ponderal index was available
from birth certificates. Cox proportional hazards regression models were
used to estimate the associations and interactions were tested.
Results:
After 47.1 years of follow-up, 848 (7.8%) and 1320 (12.2%) men
developed a severe mental illness or diabetes, respectively. Men with
severe mental illness presented higher risk of subsequent diabetes (HR =
1.92; 95%CI, 1.61–2.30). This association was stronger in severe mental
ill men with low birth weight (HR = 3.58; 95%CI, 2.11–6.07), than in
those normal birth weight (HR = 1.79; 95%CI, 1.45–2.20). This effect
modification was most evident for men diagnosed with
schizophrenia.
Conclusions:
Birth information on birth weight/ponderal index could be of
interest in diabetes screening on severe mental ill populations
(especially in schizophrenia) since they might play a critical role in
the increased risk of type 2 diabetes following severe mental
illness.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Marder
- From the Section on Psychosis, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Veterans Affairs Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles (S.R.M.); and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (T.D.C.)
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- From the Section on Psychosis, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Veterans Affairs Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles (S.R.M.); and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (T.D.C.)
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43
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van Mierlo HC, Broen JCA, Kahn RS, de Witte LD. B-cells and schizophrenia: A promising link or a finding lost in translation? Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:52-62. [PMID: 31271869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have suggested a potential role for B-cells in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Greater insight in the functioning of B-cells in patients with schizophrenia is therefore of importance. In this narrative review we aim to give an overview of the current literature on B-cells and schizophrenia. We found no evidence for altered numbers of these cells in blood. We did find support for increased levels of B-cell related cytokines and certain autoantibodies. Studies on B-cell development and function, or their numbers in cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue are very limited. Based on the available data we appraise whether various B-cell mediated pathological mechanisms are likely to play a role in schizophrenia and provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C van Mierlo
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper C A Broen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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44
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An association study of severity of intellectual disability with peripheral biomarkers of disabled children in a rehabilitation home, Kolkata, India. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13652. [PMID: 31541143 PMCID: PMC6754507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current investigation has identified the biomarkers associated with severity of disability and correlation among plethora of systemic, cellular and molecular parameters of intellectual disability (ID) in a rehabilitation home. The background of study lies with the recent clinical evidences which identified complications in ID. Various indicators from blood and peripheral system serve as potential surrogates for disability related changes in brain functions. ID subjects (Male, age 10 ± 5 yrs, N = 45) were classified as mild, moderate and severe according to the severity of disability using standard psychometric analysis. Clinical parameters including stress biomarkers, neurotransmitters, RBC morphology, expressions of inflammatory proteins and neurotrophic factor were estimated from PBMC, RBC and serum. The lipid peroxidation of PBMC and RBC membranes, levels of serum glutamate, serotonin, homocysteine, ROS, lactate and LDH-A expression increased significantly with severity of ID whereas changes in RBC membrane β-actin, serum BDNF, TNF-α and IL-6 was found non-significant. Structural abnormalities of RBC were more in severely disabled children compared to mildly affected ones. The oxidative stress remained a crucial factor with severity of disability. This is confirmed not only by RBC alterations but also with other cellular dysregulations. The present article extends unique insights of how severity of disability is correlated with various clinical, cellular and molecular markers of blood. This unique study primarily focuses on the strong predictors of severity of disability and their associations via brain-blood axis.
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45
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Wu D, Lv P, Li F, Zhang W, Fu G, Dai J, Hu N, Liu J, Xiao Y, Li S, Shah C, Tao B, Zhao Y, Gong Q, Lui S. Association of peripheral cytokine levels with cerebral structural abnormalities in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146463. [PMID: 31526800 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that both the altered cytokines that mediate the immune-inflammatory process and abnormal gray matter are associated with schizophrenia. Whether peripheral cytokines are related to cerebral structural abnormality remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of peripheral cytokine levels with gray matter abnormalities at the whole brain level in schizophrenia. Forty-four outpatients with schizophrenia and 44 controls were recruited. The serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and IL-10 were measured using a quantitative chemiluminescence assay. High-resolution T1 weighted images were acquired from all subjects and processed using FreeSurfer software to obtain the cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes. The cytokines and cerebral structures were compared between patients and controls using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The association between the cytokines and whole cerebral structures was performed using stepwise linear regression. Patients had higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 than controls. In patients, the IL-6 level was significantly associated with the cortical thickness in the left pars opercularis, right pars triangularis, left superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus, which showed structural differences between the two groups. Altered cytokine levels may be associated with particular but not all cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, especially IL-6, which was significantly associated with the abnormal cortical thickness of the bilateral Broca's area and temporal gyrus, which provided neuroimaging evidence to support the relationship between peripheral cytokines and the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peilin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui Fu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieke Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chandan Shah
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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46
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Vik-Mo AO, Bencze J, Ballard C, Hortobágyi T, Aarsland D. Advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy and small vessel disease are associated with psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:728-730. [PMID: 30054314 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audun Osland Vik-Mo
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway .,Centre for Age-Related Diseases (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - János Bencze
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Diseases (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
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47
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Cha GD, Kang D, Lee J, Kim D. Bioresorbable Electronic Implants: History, Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801660. [PMID: 30957984 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical implants, either passive implants for structural support or implantable devices with active electronics, have been widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and clinical issues. These implants offer various functions, including mechanical support of biological structures in orthopedic and dental applications, continuous electrophysiological monitoring and feedback of electrical stimulation in neuronal and cardiac applications, and controlled drug delivery while maintaining arterial structure in drug-eluting stents. Although these implants exhibit long-term biocompatibility, surgery for their retrieval is often required, which imposes physical, biological, and economical burdens on the patients. Therefore, as an alternative to such secondary surgeries, bioresorbable implants that disappear after a certain period of time inside the body, including bioresorbable active electronics, have been highlighted recently. This review first discusses the historical background of medical implants and briefly define related terminology. Representative examples of non-degradable medical implants for passive structural support and/or for diagnosis and therapy with active electronics are also provided. Then, recent progress in bioresorbable active implants composed of biosignal sensors, actuators for therapeutics, wireless power supply components, and their integrated systems are reviewed. Finally, clinical applications of these bioresorbable electronic implants are exemplified with brief conclusion and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongha Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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48
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Guloksuz S, Pries LK, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran E, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşog Lu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, van Os J. Examining the independent and joint effects of molecular genetic liability and environmental exposures in schizophrenia: results from the EUGEI study. World Psychiatry 2019; 18:173-182. [PMID: 31059627 PMCID: PMC6502485 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heritable complex phenotype associated with a background risk involving multiple common genetic variants of small effect and a multitude of environmental exposures. Early twin and family studies using proxy-genetic liability measures suggest gene-environment interaction in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the molecular evidence is scarce. Here, by analyzing the main and joint associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and environmental exposures in 1,699 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 1,542 unrelated controls with no lifetime history of a diagnosis of those disorders, we provide further evidence for gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia. Evidence was found for additive interaction of molecular genetic risk state for schizophrenia (binary mode of PRS-SCZ above 75% of the control distribution) with the presence of lifetime regular cannabis use and exposure to early-life adversities (sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and bullying), but not with the presence of hearing impairment, season of birth (winter birth), and exposure to physical abuse or physical neglect in childhood. The sensitivity analyses replacing the a priori PRS-SCZ at 75% with alternative cut-points (50% and 25%) confirmed the additive interaction. Our results suggest that the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia involves genetic underpinnings that act by making individuals more sensitive to the effects of some environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Bochao D Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Berna Akdede
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Binbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vesile Altınyazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Berna Yalınçetin
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Burçin Cihan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Soygür
- Turkish Federation of Schizophrenia Associations, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halis Ulaş
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University (discharged by decree 701 on July 8, 2018 because of signing "Peace Petition")
| | | | | | - Marina M Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry CCS, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tijana Mirjanic
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Kovin, Kovin, Serbia
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Bibiana Cabrera
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Aguilar
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Fundación Publica Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Peñas
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadja P Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry CCS, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cem Atbaşog Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Ucok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celso Arango
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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49
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Bartolomeo LA, Wright AM, Ma RE, Hummer TA, Francis MM, Visco AC, Mehdiyoun NF, Bolbecker AR, Hetrick WP, Dydak U, Barnard J, O'Donnell BF, Breier A. Relationship of auditory electrophysiological responses to magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites in Early Phase Psychosis. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 145:15-22. [PMID: 31129143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both auditory evoked responses and metabolites measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are altered in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, but the relationship between electrophysiological and metabolic changes are not well characterized. We examined the relation of MRS metabolites to cognitive and electrophysiological measures in individuals during the early phase of psychosis (EPP) and in healthy control subjects. The mismatch negativity (MMN) of the auditory event-related potential to duration deviant tones and the auditory steady response (ASSR) to 40 Hz stimulation were assessed. MRS was used to quantify glutamate+glutamine (Glx), N-Acetylasparate (NAA), creatine (Cre), myo-inositol (Ins) and choline (Cho) at a voxel placed medially in the frontal cortex. MMN amplitude and ASSR power did not differ between groups. The MRS metabolites Glx, Cre and Cho were elevated in the psychosis group. Partial least squares analysis in the patient group indicated that elevated levels of MRS metabolites were associated with reduced MMN amplitude and increased 40 Hz ASSR power. There were no correlations between the neurobiological measures and clinical measures. These data suggest that elevated neurometabolites early in psychosis are accompanied by altered auditory neurotransmission, possibly indicative of a neuroinflammatory or excitotoxic disturbance which disrupts a wide range of metabolic processes in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Bartolomeo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Andrew M Wright
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Ruoyun E Ma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Tom A Hummer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Prevention and the Recovery Center for Early Psychosis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Michael M Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Prevention and the Recovery Center for Early Psychosis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Visco
- Department of Psychiatry, Prevention and the Recovery Center for Early Psychosis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Nicole F Mehdiyoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Prevention and the Recovery Center for Early Psychosis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - John Barnard
- Section of Biostatistics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America.
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Prevention and the Recovery Center for Early Psychosis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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50
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Chen KH, Tsang NM, Chou WC, Tai SF, Liu SC, Lei KF, Chang KP, Chuang WC, Pai PC. Prognostic significance of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in older patients with metastatic cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2019; 10:757-762. [PMID: 31085137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for older patients with malignancies remain suboptimal. An accurate prognostic stratification could inform treatment decisions, which can potentially improve patient outcomes. Here, we sought to investigate whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may have prognostic significance in patients with metastatic malignant tumors, with a special focus on older individuals. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 3981 patients with histology-proven metastatic cancer who underwent radiotherapy between 2000 and 2013. The pretreatment NLR was determined within 7 days before treatment initiation. Patients aged ≥65 years were considered as older. We analyzed the prognostic significance of NLR for overall survival (OS) across all age groups. RESULTS Compared with their younger counterparts, older patients showed a higher NLR (P < 0.001) and a lower OS (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a pretreatment NLR below the median was an independent favorable predictor of OS in both older (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.669, 95.0% CI: 0.605-0.740; P < 0.001) and younger patients (HR: 0.704; 95.0% CI: 0.648-0.765; P < 0.001). Regardless of age, patients who underwent systemic therapy showed more favorable OS, especially when NLR was low. In the older subgroup, the OS of patients with a low pretreatment NLR who did not undergo systemic therapy and of those with high pretreatment NLR who underwent systemic therapy was similar. CONCLUSION A low pretreatment NLR predicts a more favorable OS in older patients with metastatic cancer. The most favorable OS was observed in patients with a low pretreatment NLR who received systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shiao Fwu Tai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fong Lei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | | | - Ping-Ching Pai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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