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Nomura K, Kinoshita S, Mizusaki N, Senga Y, Sasaki T, Kitamura T, Sakaue H, Emi A, Hosooka T, Matsuo M, Okamura H, Amo T, Wolf AM, Kamimura N, Ohta S, Itoh T, Hayashi Y, Kiyonari H, Krook A, Zierath JR, Kasuga M, Ogawa W. Adaptive gene expression of alternative splicing variants of PGC-1α regulates whole-body energy metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101968. [PMID: 38885788 PMCID: PMC11254180 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α has been implicated in the regulation of multiple metabolic processes. However, the previously reported metabolic phenotypes of mice deficient in PGC-1α have been inconsistent. PGC-1α exists as multiple isoforms, including variants transcribed from an alternative first exon. We show here that alternative PGC-1α variants are the main entity that increases PGC-1α during exercise. These variants, unlike the canonical isoform of PGC-1α, are robustly upregulated in human skeletal muscle after exercise. Furthermore, the extent of this upregulation correlates with oxygen consumption. Mice lacking these variants manifest impaired energy expenditure during exercise, leading to the development of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. The alternative variants are also upregulated in brown adipose tissue in response to cold exposure, and mice lacking these variants are intolerant of a cold environment. Our findings thus indicate that an increase in PGC-1α expression, attributable mostly to upregulation of alternative variants, is pivotal for adaptive enhancement of energy expenditure and heat production and thereby essential for the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nomura
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Shinichi Kinoshita
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nao Mizusaki
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko Senga
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Aki Emi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsuo
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Taku Amo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka 239-8686, Japan
| | - Alexander M Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Naomi Kamimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan; Laboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Masato Kasuga
- The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Gong N. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling modulates ischemia/reperfusion injury in the aged heart by regulating mitochondrial maintenance. Mol Med 2024; 30:107. [PMID: 39044180 PMCID: PMC11265325 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). With an increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary arteriosclerosis in older people, there has been increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms of myocardial IRI to develop therapeutics that can attenuate its damaging effects. Previous studies identified that abnormal mitochondria, involved in cellar senescence and oxidative stress, are the master subcellular organelle that induces IRI. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is also associated with IRI. Cellular adaptation to ER stress is achieved by the activation of ER molecular chaperones and folding enzymes, which provide an important link between ER stress and oxidative stress gene programs. In this review, we outline how these ER stress-related molecules affect myocardial IRI via the crosstalk of ER stress and mitochondrial homeostasis and discuss how these may offer promising novel therapeutic targets and strategies against age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China.
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3
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Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051407. [PMID: 36900198 PMCID: PMC10000250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are identified as carriers of proton ions between the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. ATP is mainly generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial matrix, which facilitates a smooth transfer of electrons across ETC complexes. Until now, it was thought that the role of UCPs was to break the electron transport chain and thereby inhibit the synthesis of ATP. UCPs allow protons to pass from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix and decrease the proton gradient across the membrane, which results in decreased ATP synthesis and increased production of heat by mitochondria. In recent years, the role of UCPs in other physiological processes has been deciphered. In this review, we first highlighted the different types of UCPs and their precise location across the body. Second, we summarized the role of UCPs in different diseases, mainly metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular complications, cancer, wasting syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney complications. Based on our findings, we conclude that UCPs play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, ROS production, and apoptosis. Finally, our findings reveal that mitochondrial uncoupling by UCPs may treat many diseases, and extensive clinical studies are required to meet the unmet need of certain diseases.
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Pileggi C, Hooks B, McPherson R, Dent R, Harper ME. Targeting skeletal muscle mitochondrial health in obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1081-1110. [PMID: 35892309 PMCID: PMC9334731 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic demands of skeletal muscle are substantial and are characterized normally as highly flexible and with a large dynamic range. Skeletal muscle composition (e.g., fiber type and mitochondrial content) and metabolism (e.g., capacity to switch between fatty acid and glucose substrates) are altered in obesity, with some changes proceeding and some following the development of the disease. Nonetheless, there are marked interindividual differences in skeletal muscle composition and metabolism in obesity, some of which have been associated with obesity risk and weight loss capacity. In this review, we discuss related molecular mechanisms and how current and novel treatment strategies may enhance weight loss capacity, particularly in diet-resistant obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A. Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Breana G. Hooks
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert R.M. Dent
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
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Liu J, Tang M, Li T, Su Z, Zhu Z, Dou C, Liu Y, Pei H, Yang J, Ye H, Chen L. Honokiol Ameliorates Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Through Ucp3-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:811682. [PMID: 35264952 PMCID: PMC8899544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.811682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-myocardial infarction heart failure (post-MI HF) is one of the leading global causes of death, and current prevention and treatment methods still cannot avoid the increasing incidence. Honokiol (HK) has previously been reported to improve myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and reverse myocardial hypertrophy by activating Sirt1 and Sirt3. We suspect that HK may also have a therapeutic effect on post-MI HF. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of HK in the treatment of post-MI HF. We found that HK inhibited myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and improved cardiac function in mice after MI. HK also reduced the abnormality of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes caused by peroxide in neonatal cardiomyocytes. RNAseq results revealed that HK restored the transcriptome changes to a certain extent and significantly enhanced the expression of mitochondrial inner membrane uncoupling protein isoform 3 (Ucp3), a protein that inhibits the production of mitochondrial ROS, protects cardiomyocytes, and relieves heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). In cardiomyocytes with impaired Ucp3 expression, HK cannot protect against the damage caused by peroxide. More importantly, in Ucp3 knockout mice, HK did not change the increase in the ROS level and cardiac function damage after MI. Taken together, our results suggest that HK can increase the expression of the cardioprotective protein Ucp3 and maintain MMP, thereby inhibiting the production of ROS after MI and ameliorating heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zejiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Chen,
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Hirschenson J, Melgar-Bermudez E, Mailloux RJ. The Uncoupling Proteins: A Systematic Review on the Mechanism Used in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020322. [PMID: 35204205 PMCID: PMC8868465 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) 1-3 fulfill many physiological functions, ranging from non-shivering thermogenesis (UCP1) to glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIS) and satiety signaling (UCP2) and muscle fuel metabolism (UCP3). Several studies have suggested that UCPs mediate these functions by facilitating proton return to the matrix. This would decrease protonic backpressure on the respiratory chain, lowering the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a second messenger. However, controlling mitochondrial H2O2 production to prevent oxidative stress by activating these leaks through these proteins is still enthusiastically debated. This is due to compelling evidence that UCP2/3 fulfill other function(s) and the inability to reproduce findings that UCP1-3 use inducible leaks to control reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further, other studies have found that UCP2/3 may serve as Ca2+. Therefore, we performed a systematic review aiming to summarize the results collected on the topic. A literature search using a list of curated keywords in Pubmed, BIOSIS Citation Index and Scopus was conducted. Potentially relevant references were screened, duplicate references eliminated, and then literature titles and abstracts were evaluated using Rayyan software. A total of 1101 eligible studies were identified for the review. From this total, 416 studies were evaluated based on our inclusion criteria. In general, most studies identified a role for UCPs in preventing oxidative stress, and in some cases, this may be related to the induction of leaks and lowering protonic backpressure on the respiratory chain. However, some studies also generated evidence that UCP2/3 may mitigate oxidative stress by transporting Ca2+ into the matrix, exporting lipid hydroperoxides, or by transporting C-4 metabolites. Additionally, some showed that activating UCP1 or 3 can increase mitochondrial ROS production, even though there is still augmented protection from oxidative stress. Conclusion: Overall, most available studies demonstrate that UCPs, particularly UCP2/3, prevent oxidative stress. However, the mechanism utilized to do so remains elusive and raises the question that UCP2/3 should be renamed, since they may still not be true “uncoupling proteins”.
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Maternal exercise intergenerationally drives muscle-based thermogenesis via activation of apelin-AMPK signaling. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103842. [PMID: 35081489 PMCID: PMC8790600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcolipin and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mediate muscle-based non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) to improve metabolic homeostasis. The impacts of maternal obesity (MO) and maternal exercise (ME) on NST in offspring muscle remain unexamined. METHODS Female mice were fed with a control diet or high fat diet to induce obesity. Then, obese mice were further separated into two groups: obesity only (OB) and OB plus daily exercise (OB/Ex). Fetal muscle was collected at embryonic day 18.5 and offspring mice at 3-month-old. Apelin administration during pregnancy and apelin receptor (APJ) knockout mouse were further used for investigating the mediatory role of APJ on muscle-based thermogenesis. To explore the direct effects of exercise on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) downstream targets, AMPK knockout mouse was used. FINDINGS MO inhibited while ME activated AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in fetal muscle. AMPK activation increased sarcolipin expression, which inhibited the uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby activating CaMKK2. Consistently, the expression of UCP3 and sarcolipin was suppressed due to MO but activated in ME fetal muscle. Importantly, changes of UCP3 and sarcolipin maintained in offspring muscle, showing the transgenerational effects. Furthermore, apelin administration during pregnancy mimicked the effects of ME on AMPK and CaMKK2 activation, and UCP3 and sarcolipin expression, underscoring the mediatory roles of apelin-AMPK signaling in improving fetal muscle development. INTERPRETATION ME, via activation of apelin signaling-AMPK axis, enhances NST gene expression in fetal and offspring muscle impaired due to MO, which intergenerationally protects offspring from diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. FUNDING This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01-HD067449.
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Toda-Oti KS, Stefano JT, Cavaleiro AM, Carrilho FJ, Correa-Gianella ML, Oliveira CPMDSD. Association of UCP3 Polymorphisms with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Brazilian Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:114-123. [PMID: 35020496 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the possible association of uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Brazilian patients. Methods: UCP3 SNPs rs1726745, rs3781907, and rs11235972 were genotyped in 158 biopsy-proven NAFLD Brazilian patients. Statistics was performed with JMP, R, and SHEsis softwares. Results: The TT genotype of rs1726745 was associated with less occurrence of MetS (P = 0.006) and with lower body mass index (BMI) in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.01) and in the NASH group (P = 0.02). The rs1726745-T was associated with lower values of AST (P = 0.001), ALT (P = 0.0002), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in the entire NAFLD sample. Between groups, there were lower values of aminotransferases strictly in individuals with NASH (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.0007) and with MetS (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.001). The rs3781907-G was associated with lower GGT elevation values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.002), in the NASH group (P = 0.004), and with MetS group (P = 0.003) and with protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The rs11235972-A was associated with lower GGT values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.006) and in the NASH group (P = 0.01) and with MetS group (P = 0.005), with fibrosis absence (P = 0.01) and protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The TAA haplotype was protective for NASH (P = 0.002), and TGG haplotype was protective for MetS (P = 0.01). Conclusion: UCP3 gene variants were associated with protection against NASH and MetS, in addition to lower values of liver enzymes, lipid profile, BMI and, lesser fibrosis severity in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sawada Toda-Oti
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Stefano
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercedes Cavaleiro
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Correa-Gianella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pinto Marques de Souza de Oliveira
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Berg OK, Kwon OS, Hureau TJ, Clifton HL, Thurston TS, Le Fur Y, Jeong EK, Trinity JD, Richardson RS, Wang E, Layec G. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations to Maximal Strength Training in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2269-2277. [PMID: 32253421 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximal strength training (MST) results in robust improvements in skeletal muscle force production, efficiency, and mass. However, the effects of MST on muscle mitochondria are still unknown. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine, from the molecular level to whole-muscle, mitochondrial adaptations induced by 8 weeks of knee-extension MST in the quadriceps of 10 older adults using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers, in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), and gas exchange. As anticipated, MST resulted in an increased isometric knee-extensor force from 133 ± 36 to 147 ± 49 Nm (p < .05) and quadriceps muscle volume from 1,410 ± 103 to 1,555 ± 455 cm3 (p < .05). Mitochondrial complex (I-V) protein abundance and citrate synthase activity were not significantly altered by MST. Assessed ex vivo, maximal ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3CI+CII, PRE: 23 ± 6 and POST: 14 ± 5 ρM·mg-1·s-1, p < .05), was decreased by MST, predominantly, as a result of a decline in complex I-linked respiration (p < .05). Additionally, state 3 free-fatty acid linked respiration was decreased following MST (PRE: 19 ± 5 and POST: 14 ± 3 ρM·mg-1·s-1, p < .05). Assessed in vivo, MST slowed the PCr recovery time constant (PRE: 49 ± 13 and POST: 57 ± 16 seconds, p < .05) and lowered, by ~20% (p = .055), the quadriceps peak rate of oxidative ATP synthesis, but did not significantly alter the oxidation of lipid. Although these, likely qualitative, mitochondrial adaptations are potentially negative in terms of skeletal muscle energetic capacity, they need to be considered in light of the many improvements in muscle function that MST affords older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kristian Berg
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Norway
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather L Clifton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor S Thurston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Yann Le Fur
- CRMBM, Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS 7339, France
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Department of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.,Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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10
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Li H, Wang C, Li L, Li L. Skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis as an attractive strategy to combat obesity. Life Sci 2021; 269:119024. [PMID: 33450257 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease derived from disequilibrium between energy intake and energy expenditure and evolving as a challenging epidemiological disease in the 21st century. It is urgently necessary to solve this issue by searching for effective strategies and safe drugs. Skeletal muscle could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated complications due to non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) function. Skeletal muscle NST is based dominantly on futile sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump cycling that leads to a rise in cytosolic Ca2+, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and heat production. This review will highlight the mechanisms of skeletal muscle NST, including SLN mediated SERCA pump futile cycling, SR-mitochondrial crosstalk and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, and thermogenesis induced by uncoupling proteins 3 (UCP3). We then summarize natural products targeting the pathogenesis of obesity via skeletal muscle NST, offering new insights into pharmacotherapy and potential drug candidates to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven 06520, USA.
| | - Can Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317306, PR China
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11
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Ischemic postconditioning reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: The roles of melatonin and uncoupling protein 3. Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 23:19-27. [PMID: 31911566 PMCID: PMC7141427 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2019.72609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (PostC) decrease/disappear with age and chronic heart diseases. Similarly, low serum melatonin levels have been reported in the same risk groups. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of melatonin on the protection of PostC in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced infarct size and roles of uncoupling protein (UCP) 3, irisin, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) levels. Methods: Rats were pinealectomized (Px) or sham operated (non-Px) 2 months before the I/R studies. The left main coronary artery was occluded for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. PostC was induced with three cycles of R/I (10 s each) after ischemia. Results: The infarct size was found to be significantly higher in Px rats (54.68±1.5%) than in the control group (35.1±2.5%). PostC and melatonin administrations to non-Px rats significantly reduced the infarct size. On the other hand, PostC did not create a significant effect in Px rats, but protection was provided when PostC was co-administrated with melatonin. While significant decreases were detected in the UCP3 levels, irisin and NFkB levels increased with I/R and Px. Treatment with PostC and melatonin in non-Px groups and their co-administration in Px groups were found to return all the genes close to normal levels. Conclusion: The physiological and pharmacological concentrations of melatonin may play a role in the protection of PostC. In cases when physiological melatonin is reduced, such as aging and heart diseases, this protection may decrease, and this effect may be restored by melatonin replacement. PostC and melatonin may regulate energy metabolism and inflammatory mediators and protect mitochondria by affecting the UCP3, irisin, and NFkB levels.
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Sharma S, Lalrohlui F, Sharma V, Sharma I, Sharma S, Parihar TJ, Zohmingthanga J, Singh V, Sharma S, Senthil Kumar N, Rai E. Candidate gene association study of UCP3 variant rs1800849 with T2D in Mizo population of Northeast India. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Gorrell E, Shemery A, Kowalski J, Bodziony M, Mavundza N, Titus AR, Yoder M, Mull S, Heemstra LA, Wagner JG, Gibson M, Carey O, Daniel D, Harvey N, Zendlo M, Rich M, Everett S, Gavini CK, Almundarij TI, Lorton D, Novak CM. Skeletal muscle thermogenesis induction by exposure to predator odor. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb218479. [PMID: 32165434 PMCID: PMC7174837 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.218479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis can promote negative energy balance and weight loss. In this study, we identified a contextual stimulus that induces rapid and robust thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. Rats exposed to the odor of a natural predator (ferret) showed elevated skeletal muscle temperatures detectable as quickly as 2 min after exposure, reaching maximum thermogenesis of >1.5°C at 10-15 min. Mice exhibited a similar thermogenic response to the same odor. Ferret odor induced a significantly larger and qualitatively different response from that of novel or aversive odors, fox odor or moderate restraint stress. Exposure to predator odor increased energy expenditure, and both the thermogenic and energetic effects persisted when physical activity levels were controlled. Predator odor-induced muscle thermogenesis is subject to associative learning as exposure to a conditioned stimulus provoked a rise in muscle temperature in the absence of the odor. The ability of predator odor to induce thermogenesis is predominantly controlled by sympathetic nervous system activation of β-adrenergic receptors, as unilateral sympathetic lumbar denervation and a peripherally acting β-adrenergic antagonist significantly inhibited predator odor-induced muscle thermogenesis. The potential survival value of predator odor-induced changes in muscle physiology is reflected in an enhanced resistance to running fatigue. Lastly, predator odor-induced muscle thermogenesis imparts a meaningful impact on energy expenditure as daily predator odor exposure significantly enhanced weight loss with mild calorie restriction. This evidence signifies contextually provoked, centrally mediated muscle thermogenesis that meaningfully impacts energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gorrell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Ashley Shemery
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Jesse Kowalski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Miranda Bodziony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Nhlalala Mavundza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Amber R Titus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Mark Yoder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Sarah Mull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Lydia A Heemstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Jacob G Wagner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Megan Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Olivia Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Diamond Daniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Meredith Zendlo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Megan Rich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Scott Everett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Chaitanya K Gavini
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Tariq I Almundarij
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box 6622, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diane Lorton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Colleen M Novak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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14
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Absence of Uncoupling Protein-3 at Thermoneutrality Impacts Lipid Handling and Energy Homeostasis in Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080916. [PMID: 31426456 PMCID: PMC6721699 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in energy and lipid metabolism was investigated. Male wild-type (WT) and UCP3-null (KO) mice that were housed at thermoneutrality (30 °C) were used as the animal model. In KO mice, the ability of skeletal muscle mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids (but not pyruvate or succinate) was reduced. At whole animal level, adult KO mice presented blunted resting metabolic rates, energy expenditure, food intake, and the use of lipids as metabolic substrates. When WT and KO mice were fed with a standard/low-fat diet for 80 days, since weaning, they showed similar weight gain and body composition. Interestingly, KO mice showed lower fat accumulation in visceral adipose tissue and higher ectopic fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle. When fed with a high-fat diet for 80 days, since weaning, KO mice showed enhanced energy efficiency and an increased lipid gain (thus leading to a change in body composition between the two genotypes). We conclude that UCP3 plays a role in energy and lipid homeostasis and in preserving lean tissues by lipotoxicity, in mice that were housed at thermoneutrality.
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15
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Braun J, Fischer S, Xu ZZ, Sun H, Ghoneim DH, Gimbel AT, Plessmann U, Urlaub H, Mathews DH, Weigand JE. Identification of new high affinity targets for Roquin based on structural conservation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:12109-12125. [PMID: 30295819 PMCID: PMC6294493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene regulation controls the amount of protein produced from a specific mRNA by altering both its decay and translation rates. Such regulation is primarily achieved by the interaction of trans-acting factors with cis-regulatory elements in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs. These interactions are guided either by sequence- or structure-based recognition. Similar to sequence conservation, the evolutionary conservation of a UTR’s structure thus reflects its functional importance. We used such structural conservation to identify previously unknown cis-regulatory elements. Using the RNA folding program Dynalign, we scanned all UTRs of humans and mice for conserved structures. Characterizing a subset of putative conserved structures revealed a binding site of the RNA-binding protein Roquin. Detailed functional characterization in vivo enabled us to redefine the binding preferences of Roquin and identify new target genes. Many of these new targets are unrelated to the established role of Roquin in inflammation and immune responses and thus highlight additional, unstudied cellular functions of this important repressor. Moreover, the expression of several Roquin targets is highly cell-type-specific. In consequence, these targets are difficult to detect using methods dependent on mRNA abundance, yet easily detectable with our unbiased strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Braun
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Zhenjiang Z Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hongying Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Dalia H Ghoneim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Anna T Gimbel
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Uwe Plessmann
- Biophysical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Biophysical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David H Mathews
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Julia E Weigand
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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16
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Shi LL, Jia WH, Zhang L, Xu CY, Chen X, Yin L, Wang NQ, Fang LH, Qiang GF, Yang XY, Du GH. Glucose consumption assay discovers coptisine with beneficial effect on diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172523. [PMID: 31279667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs with anti-diabetic effects regulate glucose consumption in peripheral tissues. Via cellular glucose consumption assays, we identified that coptisine, a main effective constituent from the plant Coptis chinensis, enhanced hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose consumption. We further explored its effects on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals to elucidate its mechanism of action. Our results showed that coptisine did not show cytotoxicity. Intragastric administration of coptisine for ten days in normal ICR mice markedly decreased fasting blood-glucose levels without significant effects on body weight. In alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice, intragastric administration of coptisine for 28 days decreased fasting and non-fasting blood-glucose levels as well. In type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, intragastric administration of coptisine for nine weeks improved glucose tolerance. It decreased fasting/non-fasting blood-glucose and fructosamine levels. Coptisine decreased low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, however, had no significant effect on triglyceride levels. Coptisine increased AMPK phosphorylation while decreasing Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 hepatic cells and C2C12 myotubes. Coptisine also reduced mitochondrial respiration in isolated and cellular mitochondria, suggesting that coptisine lowered cellular energy levels. In particularly, coptisine administration (10-6 M) decreased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) with a greater extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), resulting in an oxidative-to-glycolysis phosphorylation shifted for cellular energy generation. Our results demonstrate that coptisine acts as an enhancer of peripheral glucose consumption could improve glucose metabolism in diabetic animals. Coptisine may serve as a novel anti-diabetic agent and warrant further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Haerbin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nuo-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lian-Hua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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17
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Chen X, Yin L, Jia WH, Wang NQ, Xu CY, Hou BY, Li N, Zhang L, Qiang GF, Yang XY, Du GH. Chronic Urotensin-II Administration Improves Whole-Body Glucose Tolerance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:453. [PMID: 31379736 PMCID: PMC6660256 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin-II (U-II) is an endogenous peptide agonist of a G protein-coupled receptor-urotensin receptor. There are many conflicting findings about the effects of U-II on blood glucose. This study aims to explore the effects of U-II on glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a 45% high-fat diet or chow diet and were administered U-II intraperitoneally for in vivo study. Skeletal muscle C2C12 cells were used to determine the effects of U-II on glucose and fatty acid metabolism as well as mitochondrial respiratory function. In this study, we found that chronic U-II administration (more than 7 days) ameliorated glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice. In addition, chronic U-II administration reduced the weight gain and the adipose tissue weight, including visceral, subcutaneous, and brown adipose tissue, without a significant change in blood lipid levels. These were accompanied by the increased mRNA expression of the mitochondrial thermogenesis gene Ucp3 in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, in vitro treatment with U-II directly enhanced glucose and free fatty acid consumption in C2C12 cells with increased aerobic respiration. Taken together, chronic U-II stimulation leads to improvement on glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice and this effect maybe closely related to the reduction in adipose tissue weights and enhancement on energy substrate utilization in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo-qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-yang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Haerbin, China
| | - Bi-yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiu-ying Yang
| | - Guan-hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Guan-hua Du
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18
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Machado FSM, Zhang Z, Su Y, de Goede P, Jansen R, Foppen E, Coimbra CC, Kalsbeek A. Time-of-Day Effects on Metabolic and Clock-Related Adjustments to Cold. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29755411 PMCID: PMC5932155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily cyclic changes in environmental conditions are key signals for anticipatory and adaptive adjustments of most living species, including mammals. Lower ambient temperature stimulates the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. Given that the molecular components of the endogenous biological clock interact with thermal and metabolic mechanisms directly involved in the defense of body temperature, the present study evaluated the differential homeostatic responses to a cold stimulus at distinct time-windows of the light/dark-cycle. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to a single episode of 3 h cold ambient temperature (4°C) at one of 6 time-points starting at Zeitgeber Times 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23. Metabolic rate, core body temperature, locomotor activity (LA), feeding, and drinking behaviors were recorded during control and cold conditions at each time-point. Immediately after the stimulus, rats were euthanized and both the soleus and BAT were collected for real-time PCR. RESULTS During the light phase (i.e., inactive phase), cold exposure resulted in a slight hyperthermia (p < 0.001). Light phase cold exposure also increased metabolic rate and LA (p < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of fat oxidative metabolism was attenuated during the inactive phase (p < 0.001). These metabolic changes were accompanied by time-of-day and tissue-specific changes in core clock gene expression, such as DBP (p < 0.0001) and REV-ERBα (p < 0.01) in the BAT and CLOCK (p < 0.05), PER2 (p < 0.05), CRY1 (p < 0.05), CRY2 (p < 0.01), and REV-ERBα (p < 0.05) in the soleus skeletal muscle. Moreover, genes involved in substrate oxidation and thermogenesis were affected in a time-of-day and tissue-specific manner by cold exposure. CONCLUSION The time-of-day modulation of substrate mobilization and oxidation during cold exposure provides a clear example of the circadian modulation of physiological and metabolic responses. Interestingly, after cold exposure, time-of-day mostly affected circadian clock gene expression in the soleus muscle, despite comparable changes in LA over the light-dark-cycle. The current findings add further evidence for tissue-specific actions of the internal clock in different peripheral organs such as skeletal muscle and BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Sander Mansur Machado
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yan Su
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Goede
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remi Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Andries Kalsbeek,
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Busquets-Cortés C, Capó X, Martorell M, Tur JA, Sureda A, Pons A. Training and acute exercise modulates mitochondrial dynamics in football players' blood mononuclear cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1977-1987. [PMID: 28748372 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular physical activity induces oxidative stress but also causes adaptations in antioxidant defences including the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, which activates target genes related to antioxidant defences such as uncoupling proteins (UCPs), and mitochondrial biogenesis mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of long-term training and acute exercise on oxidant/antioxidant status and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Twelve professional football players performed an 8-week exercise programme comprising a daily 2-h football training session. Blood samples were taken before and after the training season. RESULTS The results reported a significant increase in antioxidant protein levels and in mitochondrial proteins in resting conditions after the 8-week training period. PGC1α, UCP-2 and mitofusin 2 protein levels also increased after acute exercise compared to pre-exercise levels. After the training, the expression of PGC1α, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 messenger RNA (mRNA) significantly augmented after the acute physical activity compared to pre-exercise levels; while no changes occurred in these mRNA in basal conditions. NF-κB activation and ROS production reported a significant increase after acute exercise. CONCLUSIONS Training increases the levels of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis and improves the antioxidant capabilities of mitochondria in PBMCs among well-trained football players. Acute exercise may act as an inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis through NF-κB activation and PGC1α gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Busquets-Cortés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma De Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma De Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma De Mallorca, Spain.
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20
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Mitochondria and mitochondria-induced signalling molecules as longevity determinants. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Li Y, Liu X, Fan Y, Yang B, Huang C. Radix Stellariae extract prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice by accelerating energy metabolism. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3305. [PMID: 28507819 PMCID: PMC5429735 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellaria dichotoma L. is widely distributed in Ningxia and surrounding areas in northwestern China. Its root, Radix Stellariae (RS), has been used in herbal formulae for treating asthenic-fever, infection, malaria, dyspepsia in children and several other symptoms. This study investigated whether the RS extract (RSE) alleviates metabolic disorders. The results indicated that RSE significantly inhibited body weight gain in high-fat (HF)-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice, reduced fasting glucose levels, and improved insulin tolerance. Moreover, RSE increased the body temperature of the mice and the expression of uncoupling proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the white adipose tissue. Thus, RSE alleviated metabolic disorders in HF-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice by potentially activating UCP and PPAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Aguer C, Piccolo BD, Fiehn O, Adams SH, Harper ME. A novel amino acid and metabolomics signature in mice overexpressing muscle uncoupling protein 3. FASEB J 2017; 31:814-827. [PMID: 27871066 PMCID: PMC5240668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is highly selectively expressed in skeletal muscle and is known to lower mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and promote fatty acid oxidation; however, the global impact of UCP3 activity on skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolism have not been extensively studied. We utilized untargeted metabolomics to identify novel metabolites that distinguish mice overexpressing UCP3 in muscle, both at rest and after exercise regimens that challenged muscle metabolism, to potentially unmask subtle phenotypes. Male wild-type (WT) and muscle-specific UCP3-overexpressing transgenic (UCP3 Tg) C57BL/6J mice were compared with or without a 5 wk endurance training protocol at rest or after an acute exercise bout (EB). Skeletal muscle, liver, and plasma samples were analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Discriminant metabolites were considered if within the top 99th percentile of variable importance measurements obtained from partial least-squares discriminant analysis models. A total of 80 metabolites accurately discriminated UCP3 Tg mice from WT when modeled within a specific exercise condition (i.e., untrained/rested, endurance trained/rested, untrained/EB, and endurance trained/EB). Results revealed that several amino acids and amino acid derivatives in skeletal muscle and plasma of UCP3 Tg mice (e.g., Asp, Glu, Lys, Tyr, Ser, Met) were significantly reduced after an EB; that metabolites associated with skeletal muscle glutathione/Met/Cys metabolism (2-hydroxybutanoic acid, oxoproline, Gly, and Glu) were altered in UCP3 Tg mice across all training and exercise conditions; and that muscle metabolite indices of dehydrogenase activity were increased in UCP3 Tg mice, suggestive of a shift in tissue NADH/NAD+ ratio. The results indicate that mitochondrial UCP3 activity affects metabolism well beyond fatty acid oxidation, regulating biochemical pathways associated with amino acid metabolism and redox status. That select metabolites were altered in liver of UCP3 Tg mice highlights that changes in muscle UCP3 activity can also affect other organ systems, presumably through changes in systemic metabolite trafficking.-Aguer, C., Piccolo, B. D., Fiehn, O., Adams, S. H., Harper, M.-E. A novel amino acid and metabolomics signature in mice overexpressing muscle uncoupling protein 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut de Recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Giatromanolaki A, Balaska K, Kalamida D, Kakouratos C, Sivridis E, Koukourakis MI. Thermogenic protein UCP1 and UCP3 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: relation with glycolysis and anaerobic metabolism. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:396-404. [PMID: 29372106 PMCID: PMC5785172 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a proton transporter/channel residing on the inner mitochondrial membrane and is involved in cellular heat production. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the expression of UCP1 and UCP3 in a series of 98 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with surgery. Expression patterns were correlated with histopathological variables, prognosis, and the expression of enzymes/proteins related to cell metabolism. Bronchial epithelium did not express UCP1 or UCP3, while alveolar cells strongly expressed UCP1. In tumors, strong expression of UCP1 and UCP3 was recorded in 43/98 (43.8%) and 27/98 (27.6%) cases, respectively. UCP1 was significantly associated with squamous cell histology (P = 0.05), whilst UCP3 was more frequently overexpressed in large cell carcinomas (P = 0.08), and was inversely related to necrosis (P = 0.009). In linear regression analysis, UCP1 was directly related to markers of glycolysis [hexokinase (HXKII) and phosphofructokinase (PFK1)] and anaerobic glucose metabolism [pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH5)]. UCP3 was directly linked with a glucose transporter (GLUT2), monocarboxylate transporter (MCT2), glycolysis markers (PFK1 and aldolase), and with the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pPDH). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that UCP3 was significantly related to poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.04). UCP1 and UCP3 are overexpressed in a large subgroup of non-small cell lung tumors and their expression coincides with increased glucose absorption, intensified glycolysis, and anaerobic glucose usage. Whether UCPs are targets for therapeutic interventions in lung cancer is a hypothesis that demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, 2Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Konstantina Balaska
- Department of Pathology, 2Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kalamida
- Department of Pathology, 2Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Christos Kakouratos
- Department of Pathology, 2Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Efthimios Sivridis
- Department of Pathology, 2Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Michael I Koukourakis
- Department of Pathology, 2Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
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Training Enhances Immune Cells Mitochondrial Biosynthesis, Fission, Fusion, and Their Antioxidant Capabilities Synergistically with Dietary Docosahexaenoic Supplementation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8950384. [PMID: 27698953 PMCID: PMC5028859 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8950384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training induces adaptations in mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and oxidative protection. Omega-3 fatty acids change membrane lipid composition and modulate mitochondrial function. The aim was to investigate the effect of 8-week training and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation (1.14 g/day) on the mitochondria dynamics and antioxidant status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sportsmen. Subjects were assigned to an intervention (N = 9) or placebo groups (N = 7) in a randomized double-blind trial. Nutritional intervention significantly increased the DHA content in erythrocyte membranes from the experimental group. No significant differences were reported in terms of circulating PBMCs, Mn-superoxide dismutase protein levels, and their capability to produce reactive oxygen species. The proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics were, in general, increased after an 8-week training and this increase was enhanced by DHA supplementation. The content in mitofusins Mtf-1 and Mtf-2, optic atrophy protein-1 (Opa-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were significantly higher in the DHA-supplemented group after intervention. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX-IV) activity and uncoupling proteins UCP-2 and UCP-3 protein levels were increased after training, with higher UCP-3 levels in the supplemented group. In conclusion, training induced mitochondrial adaptations which may contribute to improved mitochondrial function. This mitochondrial response was modulated by DHA supplementation.
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25
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Vitamin D3/VDR resists diet-induced obesity by modulating UCP3 expression in muscles. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:56. [PMID: 27473111 PMCID: PMC4966724 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of vitamin D3 (VD3) on obesity has been reported in the past. Our study was aimed at investigating the possible mechanisms by which VD3 affects obesity induced by a high fat diet. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were fed a normal- or high-fat diet for 9 weeks and were treated with a gavage of vehicle (corn oil) or cholecalciferol (50 μg/kg, daily). Body weight, white adipose tissue weight, blood lipid and glucose levels were measured. In addition, we investigated the expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol)/VDR-regulated genes involved in energy and lipid metabolism, such as of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), by using qRT-PCR in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and C2C12, L6, and H-EMC-SS cells. We also measured UCP3 promoter transcription in the same cell lines using a Dual Luciferase Assay. Furthermore, we analyzed the binding site consensus sequences of VDR on the UCP3 promoter. RESULTS Mice consuming a high-fat diet treated with cholecalciferol had lower body weight and adipose tissue weight and higher expression of UCP3 compared to the other treatment groups. Changes in the expression of genes correlated with calcitriol/VDR. Luciferase activity was dose-dependently associated with calcitriol/VDR levels. We confirmed the functional VDR binding site consensus sequences at -2200, -1561, -634, and +314 bp in the UCP3 promoter region. CONCLUSION We suggest that VD3/VDR inhibits weight gain by activating UCP3 in the muscles.
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26
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Ghinis-Hozumi Y, González-Dávalos L, Antaramian A, Villarroya F, Piña E, Shimada A, Varela-Echavarría A, Mora O. Effect of resveratrol and lipoic acid on sirtuin-regulated expression of metabolic genes in bovine liver and muscle slice cultures. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3820-31. [PMID: 26440162 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (Sirt) are NAD-dependent deacetylases that are activated by the antioxidants resveratrol (RSV) and lipoic acid (LA). The objective of this study was to determine in bovine liver and muscle slice cultures the effect of RSV and LA treatment on the expresssion of Sirt1, Sirt3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A), and the forkhead box O transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3 as well as other factors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and related to Sirt activity. Tissue slices from crossbred bulls were treated during 60 min with 40 or 80 μ RSV and 30, 100, 300, or 1,000 μ LA under restricted conditions (Krebs-Ringer buffer without nutrients) and fed conditions (2.5 m propionate in combination with 1 n glucagon) for liver slices or with 0.01 μ epinephrine for muscle slices. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of the mRNA for the genes studied and western blot analysis for the expression of the protein for Sirt1. Our results show that the expression of the mRNA for Sirt1 was enhanced by RSV in liver under restriction ( ≤ 0.0112) and by LA in muscle, more under restriction ( ≤ 0.0121) than after epinephrine administration ( < 0.0001). Sirt3 is affected in a dose-dependent manner by both compounds in both tissues and under both metabolic conditions ( ≤ 0.0452). The expression of the protein for Sirt1 was increased by LA in both tissues under restricted conditions ( = 0.0026 and = 0.0201, respectively) but in liver also in fed conditions ( = 0.0016). Genes involved in the antioxidant response were upregulated in both tissues. These results indicate that bovine Sirt respond differently to RSV and LA stimulation than monogastric Sirt do and that gluconeogenesis in ruminants is not related to Sirt to the same degree as in monogastric species. However, these results provide information about the possible role of Sirt in ruminant metabolism.
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27
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Iuchi T, Hosaka T, Shiroishi M, Ono H, Inukai K, Sumita T, Sakai G, Katayama S, Awata T. Influence of Treatment with Extracts of Hypsyzigus marmoreus Mushroom on Body Composition during Obesity Development in KK-A(y) Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:96-100. [PMID: 25994145 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypsyzigus marmoreus (HM), an edible mushroom, has several effects, including antitumor, antioxidant and anti-allergy properties. On the other hand, the possibly useful effect of HM in diabetic mice has not as yet been elucidated. In this study, we showed treatment with a water soluble extract from HM (EHM) to reduce fat deposits without affecting body weight loss in KK-A(y) mice. EHM treatment also abolished the expressions of pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, as compared with vehicle treatment. The expressions of uncoupling protein 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α in the soleus muscles of EHM treatment groups were significantly elevated as compared to those in vehicle-treated muscle tissues. These results raise the possibility that EHM can regulate both obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Iuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University Hospital
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28
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Tomas E, Stanojevic V, McManus K, Khatri A, Everill P, Bachovchin WW, Habener JF. GLP-1(32-36)amide Pentapeptide Increases Basal Energy Expenditure and Inhibits Weight Gain in Obese Mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:2409-19. [PMID: 25858562 PMCID: PMC4477344 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-related diabetes is increasing worldwide. Here we report the identification of a pentapeptide, GLP-1(32-36)amide (LVKGRamide), derived from the glucoincretin hormone GLP-1, that increases basal energy expenditure and curtails the development of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. The pentapeptide inhibited weight gain, reduced fat mass without change in energy intake, and increased basal energy expenditure independent of physical activity. Analyses of tissues from peptide-treated mice reveal increased expression of UCP-1 and UCP-3 in brown adipose tissue and increased UCP-3 and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in skeletal muscle, findings consistent with increased fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis. In palmitate-treated C2C12 skeletal myotubes, GLP-1(32-36)amide activated AMPK and inhibited acetyl-CoA carboxylase, suggesting activation of fat metabolism in response to energy depletion. By mass spectroscopy, the pentapeptide is rapidly formed from GLP-1(9-36)amide, the major form of GLP-1 in the circulation of mice. These findings suggest that the reported insulin-like actions of GLP-1 receptor agonists that occur independently of the GLP-1 receptor might be mediated by the pentapeptide, and the previously reported nonapeptide (FIAWLVKGRamide). We propose that by increasing basal energy expenditure, GLP-1(32-36)amide might be a useful treatment for human obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tomas
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Violeta Stanojevic
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen McManus
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Everill
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Joel F Habener
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Acosta A, Camilleri M, Shin A, Vazquez-Roque MI, Iturrino J, Lanza IR, Nair KS, Burton D, O'Neill J, Eckert D, Carlson P, Vella A, Zinsmeister AR. Association of UCP-3 rs1626521 with obesity and stomach functions in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:898-906. [PMID: 25755013 PMCID: PMC4380685 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of gene variants of uncoupling proteins (UCP)-2 and -3 with obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) traits. METHODS In 255 overweight or obese adults, the associations of gene variants in UCP-2 (-3474, rs659366) and UCP-3 (rs1626521, rs2075577, rs15763) with body weight (BW) and GI traits were studied. Gene variants were genotyped by TaqMan® assay. The associations of genotypes with BW and GI traits (gastric emptying, gastric volume, satiety by buffet meal, satiation by nutrient drink test and GI hormones) were assessed using ANOVA corrected for false detection rate (FDR). RESULTS A novel UCP-3 gene variant, rs1626521, was identified; it was associated with BW (P = 0.039), waist circumference (P = 0.035), and significantly higher postprandial gastric volume (P = 0.003) and calories ingested at buffet meal (P = 0.006, both significant with FDR). In a subgroup of 11 participants, rs1626521 was also associated with reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics efficiency in skeletal muscle (P = 0.051). In an in vitro study in HEK293 cells, rs1626521 reduced UCP-3 protein expression (P = 0.049). Associations detected between other genotypes and GI traits were nonsignificant with FDR. CONCLUSIONS A newly identified functional variant (rs1626521) in UCP-3 affects postprandial gastric functions and satiety and may contribute to weight gain and alter human mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Acosta
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Busiello RA, Savarese S, Lombardi A. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and energy metabolism. Front Physiol 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25713540 PMCID: PMC4322621 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic factors that contribute to energy metabolism (EM) is critical for the development of new treatments for obesity and related diseases. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is not perfectly coupled to ATP synthesis, and the process of proton-leak plays a crucial role. Proton-leak accounts for a significant part of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and therefore enhancement of this process represents a potential target for obesity treatment. Since their discovery, uncoupling proteins have stimulated great interest due to their involvement in mitochondrial-inducible proton-leak. Despite the widely accepted uncoupling/thermogenic effect of uncoupling protein one (UCP1), which was the first in this family to be discovered, the reactions catalyzed by its homolog UCP3 and the physiological role remain under debate. This review provides an overview of the role played by UCP1 and UCP3 in mitochondrial uncoupling/functionality as well as EM and suggests that they are a potential therapeutic target for treating obesity and its related diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Busiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio Benevento, Italy
| | - Sabrina Savarese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Napoli, Italy
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Philp LK, Heilbronn LK, Janovska A, Wittert GA. Dietary enrichment with fish oil prevents high fat-induced metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117494. [PMID: 25658742 PMCID: PMC4320112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High saturated fat (HF-S) diets increase intramyocellular lipid, an effect ameliorated by omega-3 fatty acids in vitro and in vivo, though little is known about sex- and muscle fiber type-specific effects. We compared effects of standard chow, HF-S, and 7.5% HF-S replaced with fish oil (HF-FO) diets on the metabolic profile and lipid metabolism gene and protein content in red (soleus) and white (extensor digitorum longus) muscles of male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 9-12/group). Weight gain was similar in HF-S- and HF-FO-fed groups. HF-S feeding increased mesenteric fat mass and lipid marker, Oil Red O, in red and mixed muscle; HF-FO increased interscapular brown fat mass. Compared to chow, HF-S and HF-FO increased expression of genes regulating triacylglycerol synthesis and fatty acid transport, HF-S suppressed genes and proteins regulating fatty acid oxidation, whereas HF-FO increased oxidative genes, proteins and enzymes and lipolytic gene content, whilst suppressing lipogenic genes. In comparison to HF-S, HF-FO further increased fat transporters, markers of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial content, and reduced lipogenic genes. No diet-by-sex interactions were observed. Neither diet influenced fiber type composition. However, some interactions between muscle type and diet were observed. HF-S induced changes in triacylglycerol synthesis and lipogenic genes in red, but not white, muscle, and mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative genes were suppressed by HF-S and increased by HF-FO in red muscle only. In conclusion, HF-S feeding promotes lipid storage in red muscle, an effect abrogated by the fish oil, which increases mediators of lipolysis, oxidation and thermogenesis while inhibiting lipogenic genes. Greater storage and synthesis, and lower oxidative genes in red, but not white, muscle likely contribute to lipid accretion encountered in red muscle. Despite several gender-dimorphic genes, both sexes exhibited a similar HF-S-induced metabolic and gene expression profile; likewise fish oil was similarly protective in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Philp
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alena Janovska
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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32
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Bnip3 mediates doxorubicin-induced cardiac myocyte necrosis and mortality through changes in mitochondrial signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5537-44. [PMID: 25489073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414665111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used for treating human cancers, but can induce heart failure through an undefined mechanism. Herein we describe a previously unidentified signaling pathway that couples DOX-induced mitochondrial respiratory chain defects and necrotic cell death to the BH3-only protein Bcl-2-like 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3). Cellular defects, including vacuolization and disrupted mitochondria, were observed in DOX-treated mice hearts. This coincided with mitochondrial localization of Bnip3, increased reactive oxygen species production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and necrosis. Interestingly, a 3.1-fold decrease in maximal mitochondrial respiration was observed in cardiac mitochondria of mice treated with DOX. In vehicle-treated control cells undergoing normal respiration, the respiratory chain complex IV subunit 1 (COX1) was tightly bound to uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), but this complex was disrupted in cells treated with DOX. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by DOX was accompanied by contractile failure and necrotic cell death. Conversely, shRNA directed against Bnip3 or a mutant of Bnip3 defective for mitochondrial targeting abrogated DOX-induced loss of COX1-UCP3 complexes and respiratory chain defects. Finally, Bnip3(-/-) mice treated with DOX displayed relatively normal mitochondrial morphology, respiration, and mortality rates comparable to those of saline-treated WT mice, supporting the idea that Bnip3 underlies the cardiotoxic effects of DOX. These findings reveal a new signaling pathway in which DOX-induced mitochondrial respiratory chain defects and necrotic cell death are mutually dependent on and obligatorily linked to Bnip3 gene activation. Interventions that antagonize Bnip3 may prove beneficial in preventing mitochondrial injury and heart failure in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Gargiulo S, Petretta MP, Greco A, Panico M, Larobina M, Gramanzini M, Schiattarella GG, Esposito G, Petretta M, Brunetti A, Cuocolo A. Genetic deletion in uncoupling protein 3 augments 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose cardiac uptake in the ischemic heart. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:98. [PMID: 25103673 PMCID: PMC4127083 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) genetic deletion on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) cardiac uptake by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) dedicated animal system after permanent coronary artery ligation. Methods Cardiac 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in UCP3 knockout (UCP3−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice one week after induction of myocardial infarction or sham procedure. Results In sham-operated mice no difference in left ventricular (LV) volume was detectable between WT and UCP3−/−. After myocardial infarction, LV volume was higher in both WT and UCP3−/− compared to sham animals, with a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between genotype and myocardial infarction. In sham-operated animals no difference in FDG standardized uptake value (SUV) was detectable between WT (1.8 ± 0.6) and UCP3−/− (1.8 ± 0.6). After myocardial infarction SUV was significantly higher in remote areas than in infarcted territories in both UCP3−/− and WT mice (both p < 0.01). Moreover, in remote areas, SUV was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in UCP3−/− as compared to WT, while in the infarcted territory SUV was comparable (p = 0.29). A significant relationship (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) between LV volume and SUV was found. Conclusions In a mice model of permanent coronary occlusion, UCP3 deficiency results in a metabolic shift that favored glycolytic metabolism and increased FDG uptake in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Gavini CK, Mukherjee S, Shukla C, Britton SL, Koch LG, Shi H, Novak CM. Leanness and heightened nonresting energy expenditure: role of skeletal muscle activity thermogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E635-47. [PMID: 24398400 PMCID: PMC3948980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00555.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A high-calorie diet accompanied by low levels of physical activity (PA) accounts for the widespread prevalence of obesity today, and yet some people remain lean even in this obesogenic environment. Here, we investigate the cause for this exception. A key trait that predicts high PA in both humans and laboratory rodents is intrinsic aerobic capacity. Rats artificially selected as high-capacity runners (HCR) are lean and consistently more physically active than their low-capacity runner (LCR) counterparts; this applies to both males and females. Here, we demonstrate that HCR show heightened total energy expenditure (TEE) and hypothesize that this is due to higher nonresting energy expenditure (NREE; includes activity EE). After matching for body weight and lean mass, female HCR consistently had heightened nonresting EE, but not resting EE, compared with female LCR. Because of the dominant role of skeletal muscle in nonresting EE, we examined muscle energy use. We found that lean female HCR had higher muscle heat dissipation during activity, explaining their low economy of activity and high activity EE. This may be due to the amplified skeletal muscle expression levels of proteins involved in EE and reduced expression levels of proteins involved in energy conservation in HCR relative to LCR. This is also associated with an increased sympathetic drive to skeletal muscle in HCR compared with LCR. We find little support for the hypothesis that resting metabolic rate is correlated with maximal aerobic capacity if body size and composition are fully considered; rather, the critical factor appears to be activity thermogenesis.
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Schlagowski AI, Singh F, Charles AL, Gali Ramamoorthy T, Favret F, Piquard F, Geny B, Zoll J. Mitochondrial uncoupling reduces exercise capacity despite several skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:364-75. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01177.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptation and maximal exercise capacity are unknown. In this study, rats were divided into a control group (CTL, n = 8) and a group treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol, a mitochondrial uncoupler, for 28 days (DNP, 30 mg·kg−1·day−1in drinking water, n = 8). The DNP group had a significantly lower body mass ( P < 0.05) and a higher resting oxygen uptake (V̇o2, P < 0.005). The incremental treadmill test showed that maximal running speed and running economy ( P < 0.01) were impaired but that maximal V̇o2(V̇o2max) was higher in the DNP-treated rats ( P < 0.05). In skinned gastrocnemius fibers, basal respiration (V0) was higher ( P < 0.01) in the DNP-treated animals, whereas the acceptor control ratio (ACR, Vmax/V0) was significantly lower ( P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in OXPHOS efficiency. In skeletal muscle, DNP activated the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway, as indicated by changes in the mRNA expression of PGC1-α and -β, NRF-1 and −2, and TFAM, and increased the mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase 1 ( P < 0.01). The expression of two mitochondrial proteins (prohibitin and Ndufs 3) was higher after DNP treatment. Mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis-1) was increased in the DNP group ( P < 0.01), but mitofusin-1 and -2 were unchanged. Histochemical staining for NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle revealed an increase in the proportion of oxidative fibers after DNP treatment. Our study shows that mitochondrial uncoupling induces several skeletal muscle adaptations, highlighting the role of mitochondrial coupling as a critical factor for maximal exercise capacities. These results emphasize the importance of investigating the qualitative aspects of mitochondrial function in addition to the amount of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Schlagowski
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
- CHRU of Strasbourg, Physiology and Functional Explorations Department, New Civil Hospital, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - F. Singh
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - A. L. Charles
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
| | - T. Gali Ramamoorthy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Physiological Genetics, Illkirch, France
| | - F. Favret
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
- CHRU of Strasbourg, Physiology and Functional Explorations Department, New Civil Hospital, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - F. Piquard
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
- CHRU of Strasbourg, Physiology and Functional Explorations Department, New Civil Hospital, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - B. Geny
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
- CHRU of Strasbourg, Physiology and Functional Explorations Department, New Civil Hospital, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - J. Zoll
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France
- CHRU of Strasbourg, Physiology and Functional Explorations Department, New Civil Hospital, Strasbourg, France; and
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Transcriptional profile of genes involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in PC12 cells following treatment with cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:495-506. [PMID: 24135455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thanks to their impressive catalytic properties, cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are able to mimic the activity of superoxide dismutase and of catalase, therefore acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers in many biological contexts, for instance offering neuroprotection and reduction of apoptosis rate in many types of cells exposed to oxidative stress (stem cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, osteoblasts, etc.). METHODS We report on the investigation at gene level, through quantitative real time RT-PCR, of the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on ROS mechanisms in neuron-like PC12 cells. After three days of treatment, transcription of 84 genes involved in antioxidant defense, in ROS metabolism, and coding oxygen transporters is evaluated, and its relevance to central nervous system degenerative diseases is considered. RESULTS Experimental evidences reveal intriguing differences in transcriptional profiles of cells treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles with respect to the controls: nanoceria acts as strong exogenous ROS scavenger, modulating transcription of genes involved in natural cell defenses, down-regulating genes involved in inflammatory processes, and up-regulating some genes involved in neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are extremely promising for future biomedical applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles, further supporting their possible exploitation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work represents the first documented step to the comprehension of mechanisms underlying the anti-oxidant action of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Our findings allow for a better comprehension of the phenomena of ROS scavenging and neuroprotection at a gene level, suggesting future therapeutic approaches even at a pre-clinical level.
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Pezeshki A, Chelikani PK. Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and ileal transposition surgeries on glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 10:217-28. [PMID: 24603111 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and ileal transposition (IT) surgeries produce weight loss and improve diabetic control; however, the mechanisms of glycemic improvements are largely unknown. Because skeletal muscle and liver play a key role in glucose homeostasis, we compared the effects of RYGB and IT surgeries on key molecules of glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle and liver. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to RYGB, IT, or sham surgeries; sham-animals were ad-lib fed or pair-fed to RYGB rats (n = 7-9/group). At 8 weeks postoperatively, blood samples were collected for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin analyses by ELISA. Leg muscle and liver tissues were analyzed for mRNA (RT-qPCR) and/or protein abundance (immuno blotting) of important molecules of glucose and lipid metabolism [glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), cytochrome C oxidase-IV (COX-IV), citrate synthase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 α (PGC-1 α), PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3)]. RESULTS Plasma GLP-1 concentrations were increased comparably with RYGB and IT. RYGB and IT increased muscle GLUT-4 protein content, muscle hexokinase mRNA, and liver PFK mRNA. IT increased muscle AMPKα and COX-IV protein content and liver citrate synthase activity. IT increased muscle CPT-1, MCAD and PRC mRNA, whereas RYGB increased UCP-3 mRNA in muscle and liver, and PGC-1 α mRNA in liver. CONCLUSION The data suggest that RYGB and IT surgeries lead to enhanced GLP-1 secretion and produce similar stimulatory effects on important molecules of glucose metabolism but differential effects on key molecules of lipid oxidation in muscle and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Dumke CL, Slivka DR, Cuddy JS, Hailes WS, Ruby BC. Skeletal muscle metabolic gene response to carbohydrate feeding during exercise in the heat. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:40. [PMID: 24034227 PMCID: PMC3848455 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress down-regulates mitochondrial function, while carbohydrate supplementation attenuates the exercise induced stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in humans. The effects of exogenous carbohydrate during exercise in the heat on metabolic mRNA have not been investigated in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of exercise with and without carbohydrate supplementation on skeletal muscle metabolic response in the heat. Methods Eight recreationally active males (4.05 ± 0.2 L.min-1) completed 2 trials which included 1 hr of cycling at 70% workload max and 3 hr recovery in a hot environment. Both trials were conducted in a climate controlled environmental chamber (38°C and 40% RH). The trials differed by the consumption of either a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) containing beverage (8 ml.kg-1.hr-1) or placebo (P) during exercise in random order. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before exercise, immediately post-exercise and at the end of the 3 hr recovery period. Muscle was analyzed for muscle glycogen and mRNA related to metabolic and mitochondrial development (MFN2, PGC-1α, GLUT4, UCP3). Expired gases were measured to determine whole body substrate use during exercise. Results Carbohydrate oxidation and muscle glycogen utilization did not differ between trials, whereas fat oxidation was elevated during exercise in P. Exercise caused an increase in PGC-1α, and GLUT4 (P < 0.05) independent of exogenous carbohydrate provision. Carbohydrate consumption attenuated the mRNA response in UCP3 (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study indicates that the provision of exogenous carbohydrate attenuates the stimulation of mRNA expression of UCP3 following exercise in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Dumke
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Dégletagne C, Roussel D, Rouanet JL, Baudimont F, Moureaux EM, Harvey S, Duchamp C, Le Maho Y, Raccurt M. Growth prior to thermogenesis for a quick fledging of Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e74154. [PMID: 24040194 PMCID: PMC3765356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary trade-off between tissue growth and mature function restricts the post natal development of polar birds. The present study uses an original integrative approach as it includes gene expression, plus biochemical and physiological analysis to investigate how Adélie penguin chicks achieve a rapid growth despite the energetic constraints linked to the cold and the very short breeding season in Antarctica. In pectoralis muscle, the main thermogenic tissue in birds, our data show that the transition from ectothermy to endothermy on Day 15 post- hatching is associated with substantial and coordinated changes in the transcription of key genes. While the early activation of genes controlling cell growth and differentiation (avGHR, avIGF-1R, T3Rβ) is rapidly down-regulated after hatching, the global increase in the relative expression of genes involved in thermoregulation (avUCP, avANT, avLPL) and transcriptional regulation (avPGC1α, avT3Rβ) underlie the muscular acquisition of oxidative metabolism. Adélie chicks only become real endotherms at 15 days of age with the development of an oxidative muscle phenotype and the ability to shiver efficiently. The persistent muscular expression of IGF-1 throughout growth probably acts as a local mediator to adjust muscle size and its oxidative capacity to anticipate the new physiological demands of future Dives in cold water. The up-regulation of T3Rβ mRNA levels suggests that circulating T3 may play an important role in the late maturation of skeletal muscle by reinforcing, at least in part, the paracrine action of IGF-1. From day 30, the metabolic shift from mixed substrate to lipid metabolism, with the markedly increased mRNA levels of muscle avLPL, avANT and avUCP, suggests the late development of a fatty acid-enhanced muscle non-shivering thermogenesis mechanism. This molecular control is the key to this finely-tuned strategy by which the Adélie penguin chick successfully heads for the sea on schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Dégletagne
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Louis Rouanet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fanny Baudimont
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elodie-Marie Moureaux
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claude Duchamp
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mireille Raccurt
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR5023, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Harmancey R, Vasquez HG, Guthrie PH, Taegtmeyer H. Decreased long-chain fatty acid oxidation impairs postischemic recovery of the insulin-resistant rat heart. FASEB J 2013; 27:3966-78. [PMID: 23825227 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction are more likely to die than nondiabetic patients. In the present study we examined the effect of insulin resistance on myocardial ischemia tolerance. Hearts of rats, rendered insulin resistant by high-sucrose feeding, were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion ex vivo. Cardiac power of control hearts from chow-fed rats recovered to 93%, while insulin-resistant hearts recovered only to 80% (P<0.001 vs. control). Unexpectedly, impaired contractile recovery did not result from an impairment of glucose oxidation (576±36 vs. 593±42 nmol/min/g dry weight; not significant), but from a failure to increase and to sustain oxidation of the long-chain fatty acid oleate on reperfusion (1878±56 vs. 2070±67 nmol/min/g dry weight; P<0.05). This phenomenon was due to a reduced ability to transport oleate into mitochondria and associated with a 38-58% decrease in the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) levels. Contractile function was rescued by replacing oleate with a medium-chain fatty acid or by restoring UCP3 levels with 24 h of food withdrawal. Lastly, the knockdown of UCP3 in rat L6 myocytes also decreased oleate oxidation by 13-18% following ischemia. Together the results expose UCP3 as a critical regulator of long-chain fatty acid oxidation in the stressed heart postischemia and identify octanoate as an intervention by which myocardial metabolism can be manipulated to improve function of the insulin-resistant heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Harmancey
- 1University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1.246, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Perrino C, Schiattarella GG, Sannino A, Pironti G, Petretta MP, Cannavo A, Gargiulo G, Ilardi F, Magliulo F, Franzone A, Carotenuto G, Serino F, Altobelli GG, Cimini V, Cuocolo A, Lombardi A, Goglia F, Indolfi C, Trimarco B, Esposito G. Genetic deletion of uncoupling protein 3 exaggerates apoptotic cell death in the ischemic heart leading to heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000086. [PMID: 23688674 PMCID: PMC3698767 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncoupling protein 3 (ucp3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily of proteins uncoupling mitochondrial respiration. In this study, we investigated the effects of ucp3 genetic deletion on mitochondrial function and cell survival under low oxygen conditions in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the effects of ucp3 deletion in vitro, murine embryonic fibroblasts and adult cardiomyocytes were isolated from wild-type (WT, n=67) and ucp3 knockout mice (ucp3(-/-), n=70). To test the effects of ucp3 genetic deletion in vivo, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by permanent coronary artery ligation in WT and ucp3(-/-) mice. Compared with WT, ucp3(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic cell death under hypoxic conditions in vitro (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling-positive nuclei: WT hypoxia, 70.3 ± 1.2%; ucp3(-/-) hypoxia, 85.3 ± 0.9%; P<0.05). After MI, despite similar areas at risk in the 2 groups, ucp3(-/-) hearts demonstrated a significantly larger infarct size compared with WT (infarct area/area at risk: WT, 48.2 ± 3.7%; ucp3(-/-), 65.0 ± 2.9%; P<0.05). Eight weeks after MI, cardiac function was significantly decreased in ucp3(-/-) mice compared with WT (fractional shortening: WT MI, 42.7 ± 3.1%; ucp3(-/-) MI, 24.4 ± 2.9; P<0.05), and this was associated with heightened apoptotic cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling-positive nuclei: WT MI, 0.7 ± 0.04%; ucp3(-/-) MI, 1.1 ± 0.09%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ucp3 levels regulate reactive oxygen species levels and cell survival during hypoxia, modulating infarct size in the ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Anna Sannino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Maria Piera Petretta
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Fabio Magliulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Anna Franzone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Giuseppe Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Federica Serino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Giovanna G. Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Vincenzo Cimini
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (A.L.)
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Biology Sciences, Geology and Environment, Sannio University, Benevento, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Department of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.)
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (C.P., G.G.S., A.S., G.P., M.P.P., A.C., G.G., F.I., F.M., A.F., G.C., F.S., G.G.A., V.C., A.C., B.T., G.E.)
- Correspondence to: Giovanni Esposito, MD, PhD, or Cinzia Perrino, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. E‐mail: ,
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Ma CJ, Nie AF, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZG, Du L, Li XY, Ning G. Genipin stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes via an IRS-1 and calcium-dependent mechanism. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:353-62. [PMID: 23257267 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genipin, a compound derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruits, has been used over the years in traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular basis for its antidiabetic effect has not been fully revealed. In this study, we investigated the effects of genipin on glucose uptake and signaling pathways in C(2)C(12) myotubes. Our study demonstrates that genipin stimulated glucose uptake in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect was achieved at 2 h with a concentration of 10 μM. In myotubes, genipin promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell surface, which was observed by analyzing their distribution in subcellular membrane fraction, and increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), AKT, and GSK3β. Meanwhile, genipin increased ATP levels, closed K(ATP) channels, and then increased the concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm in C(2)C(12) myotubes. Genipin-stimulated glucose uptake could be blocked by both the PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin and calcium chelator EGTA. Moreover, genipin increases the level of reactive oxygen species and ATP in C(2)C(12) myotubes. These results suggest that genipin activates IRS-1, PI3-K, and downstream signaling pathway and increases concentrations of calcium, resulting in GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake increase in C(2)C(12) myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Juan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Montez P, Vázquez-Medina JP, Rodríguez R, Thorwald MA, Viscarra JA, Lam L, Peti-Peterdi J, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Angiotensin receptor blockade recovers hepatic UCP2 expression and aconitase and SDH activities and ameliorates hepatic oxidative damage in insulin resistant rats. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5746-59. [PMID: 23087176 PMCID: PMC3512060 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is commonly associated with elevated renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and steatohepatitis with down-regulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs). However, the mechanisms linking renin-angiotensin system, steatosis, and UCP2 to hepatic oxidative damage during insulin resistance are not described. To test the hypothesis that angiotensin receptor activation contributes to decreased hepatic UCP2 expression and aconitase activity and to increased oxidative damage after increased glucose intake in a model of MetS, lean and obese Long Evans rats (n = 10/group) were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) untreated Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (lean, strain control), 2) untreated Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) (MetS model), 3) OLETF + angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (10 mg olmesartan/kg·d × 6 wk), 4) OLETF + high glucose (HG) (5% in drinking water × 6 wk), and 5) OLETF + ARB + HG (ARB/HG × 6 wk). HG increased body mass (37%), plasma triglycerides (TGs) (35%), plasma glycerol (87%), plasma free fatty acids (28%), and hepatic nitrotyrosine (74%). ARB treatment in HG decreased body mass (12%), plasma TG (15%), plasma glycerol (23%), plasma free fatty acids (14%), and hepatic TG content (42%), suggesting that angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) activation and increased adiposity contribute to the development of obesity-related dyslipidemia. ARB in HG also decreased hepatic nitrotyrosine and increased hepatic UCP2 expression (59%) and aconitase activity (40%), as well as antioxidant enzyme activities (50-120%), suggesting that AT1 activation also contributes to protein oxidation, impaired lipid metabolism, and antioxidant metabolism in the liver. Thus, in addition to promoting obesity-related hypertension, AT1 activation may also impair lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity, resulting in steatosis via decreased UCP2 and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Montez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Vigerust NF, Cacabelos D, Burri L, Berge K, Wergedahl H, Christensen B, Portero-Otin M, Viste A, Pamplona R, Berge RK, Bjørndal B. Fish oil and 3-thia fatty acid have additive effects on lipid metabolism but antagonistic effects on oxidative damage when fed to rats for 50 weeks. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1384-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Suski JM, Schönfeld P, Bonora M, Shabalina I, Pinton P, Więckowski MR. Guanosine diphosphate exerts a lower effect on superoxide release from mitochondrial matrix in the brains of uncoupling protein-2 knockout mice: new evidence for a putative novel function of uncoupling proteins as superoxide anion transporters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:234-8. [PMID: 23068098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we show new experimental evidence that, in mouse brain mitochondria, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) can be involved in superoxide (O(2)(·-)) removal from the mitochondrial matrix. We found that the effect of guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) on the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release from brain mitochondria of UCP2 knockout mice was less pronounced compared to the wild type animals. This putative novel UCP2 activity, evaluated by the use of UCP2-knockout transgenic animals, along with the known antioxidant defence systems, may provide additional protection from ROS in brain mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Suski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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Underlying mechanism of aconitum lizhong acting on experimental hypothermia with indigestion in rats: role of ghrelin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:542461. [PMID: 22899955 PMCID: PMC3415136 DOI: 10.1155/2012/542461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to investigate the Aconitum Lizhong pill (ALZ) pharmacological actions on hypothermia with indigestion, especially the ghrelin roles. The littermate-matched rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control did sham operation or standard diet, Model carried out interscapular brown adipose (IBA) removal with standard diet, Fat-diet did IBA removal with fat-diet, and ALZ did IBA removal and fat-diet with 4.536 g/kg/d ALZ. The potency of adaptive thermogenesis, ghrelin levels in plasma or gastric mucosa, thyroid hormones and metabolite in sera, expression of ghrelin mRNA, and protein in gastric mucous membrane were determined. ALZ relieved the hypothermia processes with indigestion, via inhibiting ghrelin expression and increasing ghrelin secretion; the dynamics from the therapy is supported with the energy changes as less body weight loss, less plasma lipid decrease, more plasma T3 or T4 increase with TSH decrease, and more compensation of thermogenic AUC decrease. Ghrelin played key roles in the actions of ALZ on the hypothermia with indigestion. The pharmacological mechanisms of ALZ involved the homeostasis of ghrelin expression and secretion.
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Kase ET, Nikolić N, Hessvik NP, Fjeldheim ÅK, Jensen J, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC. Dietary Supplementation with 22-S-Hydroxycholesterol to Rats Reduces Body Weight Gain and the Accumulation of Liver Triacylglycerol. Lipids 2012; 47:483-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Teulier L, Dégletagne C, Rey B, Tornos J, Keime C, de Dinechin M, Raccurt M, Rouanet JL, Roussel D, Duchamp C. Selective upregulation of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of foraging juvenile king penguins: an integrative study. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:2464-72. [PMID: 22357259 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The passage from shore to marine life of juvenile penguins represents a major energetic challenge to fuel intense and prolonged demands for thermoregulation and locomotion. Some functional changes developed at this crucial step were investigated by comparing pre-fledging king penguins with sea-acclimatized (SA) juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Transcriptomic analysis of pectoralis muscle biopsies revealed that most genes encoding proteins involved in lipid transport or catabolism were upregulated, while genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were mostly downregulated in SA birds. Determination of muscle enzymatic activities showed no changes in enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway, but increased 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the β-oxidation pathway. The respiratory rates of isolated muscle mitochondria were much higher with a substrate arising from lipid metabolism (palmitoyl-L-carnitine) in SA juveniles than in terrestrial controls, while no difference emerged with a substrate arising from carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate). In vivo, perfusion of a lipid emulsion induced a fourfold larger thermogenic effect in SA than in control juveniles. The present integrative study shows that fuel selection towards lipid oxidation characterizes penguin acclimatization to marine life. Such acclimatization may involve thyroid hormones through their nuclear beta receptor and nuclear coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Teulier
- Université de Lyon, UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 6 rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Gómez-Pérez Y, Capllonch-Amer G, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Proenza AM. Long-term high-fat-diet feeding induces skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in rats in a sex-dependent and muscle-type specific manner. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:15. [PMID: 22353542 PMCID: PMC3342084 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to play a crucial role in the etiology of insulin resistance, in which skeletal muscle is the main tissue contributor. Sex differences in skeletal muscle insulin and antioxidant responses to high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding have been described. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether there is a sex dimorphism in the effects of HFD feeding on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and on the adiponectin signaling pathway, as well as the influence of the muscle type (oxidative or glycolytic). Methods Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of male and female Wistar rats of 2 months of age fed with a high-fat-diet (HFD) or a low fat diet for 26 weeks were used. Mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative damage markers, oxidative capacity and antioxidant defences were analyzed. Serum insulin sensitivity parameters and the levels of proteins involved in adiponectin signaling pathway were also determined. Results HFD feeding induced mitochondrial biogenesis in both sexes, but to a higher degree in male rats. Although HFD female rats showed greater antioxidant protection and maintained a better insulin sensitivity profile than their male counterparts, both sexes showed an impaired response to adiponectin, which was more evident in gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusions We conclude that HFD rats may induce skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis as an attempt to compensate the deleterious consequences of adiponectin and insulin resistance on oxidative metabolism, and that the effects of HFD feeding are sex-dependent and muscle-type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gómez-Pérez
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra, Valldemossa km 7,5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Matsumoto K, Yokoyama SI. Induction of uncoupling protein-1 and -3 in brown adipose tissue by kaki-tannin in type 2 diabetic NSY/Hos mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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