1
|
Buja A, Montecchio L, Dossi F. Association Between Religiosity and Spirituality and Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02069-6. [PMID: 38856812 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous literature has evidenced a possible impact on health, mental health, and health-related faith behaviors due to the effects of an individual's spiritual dimension. The aim of this study is to collect and summarize all current data from observational studies regarding the association between religiosity or spirituality (R/S) and cocaine use (CU). A systematic literature search of analytical observational studies on the association between religiosity or spirituality and the use of cocaine was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases. Twenty observational studies were included in this review. Fifteen of the twenty observational studies found that a higher level of religiosity was associated with lower lifetime and actual cocaine use, both in adults and adolescents. However, one study conducted in a sexual minorities sample found that higher religiosity-measured as frequency of private religious activities such as prayer-was associated with a higher probability of cocaine use. Two studies found no evidence of any association between religiosity and cocaine use, and two found mixed results. This review found a possible protective role of religiosity on cocaine use, even if the cross-sectional nature of the greater part of the studies prevented drawing any casual relation. Future studies with a longitudinal approach are required. However, the support of activities aimed at broadening a religious attitude and beliefs could result in creating an environment protective for young people against cocaine use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buja
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Laura Montecchio
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Dossi
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vitorino LM, Tostes JG, Ferreira JCL, de Oliveira LAG, Possetti JG, Silva MT, Guimarães MVC, Alckmin-Carvalho F, Lucchetti G. Association between religiosity/spirituality and substance use among homeless individuals. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:330-339. [PMID: 37982408 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231211495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and illicit drug use are prevalent among homeless people. Religiosity and spirituality (RS) have been widely associated with lower consumption of substances. However, evidence of this relationship among homeless people is still scarce. AIMS To evaluate the associations between RS and alcohol and illicit drug consumption among homeless people in a large Brazilian urban center. METHOD This cross-sectional study was carried out in São Paulo city, Brazil. Aspects such as spirituality (FACIT-Sp12), religiosity (DUREL), spiritual-religious coping (Brief-RCOPE), and self-report questions concerning the current substance use (alcohol and illicit substances) were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of RS beliefs on alcohol and illicit drug consumption. RESULTS A total of 456 homeless people were included, of an average age of 44.5 (SD = 12.6) years. More than half of the participants consumed alcohol (55.7%) weekly and 34.2% used illicit drugs weekly. Adjusted logistic regression models identified that aspects of RS were associated with lower likelihood factors for alcohol and illicit drug use; conversely, negative spiritual religious coping (SRC) strategies were associated with a higher likelihood to use both. CONCLUSION The prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use among participants was high. RS and positive SRC were important protective factors for lower consumption of these substances. Conversely, negative SRC strategies were associated with risk factors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Aber-Odonga H, Babirye JN, Engebretsen IMS, Nuwaha F. Prevalence of probable substance use disorders among children in Ugandan health facilities. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:314. [PMID: 38287328 PMCID: PMC10823678 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, there is a concerning surge in the prevalence of substance use among adolescents and children, creating a substantial public health problem. Despite the magnitude of this issue, accessing healthcare explicitly for substance use remains challenging, even though many substance users frequently visit healthcare institutions for other health-related issues. To address this gap, proactive screening for substance use disorders has emerged as a critical strategy for identifying and engaging patients at risk of substance use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of probable alcohol and other substance use disorders, and associated factors, among children aged 6 to 17 years old attending health facilities in Mbale, Uganda. METHODS We conducted a health facility cross-sectional study, involving 854 children aged 6-17 years. The prevalence of probable alcohol and other substance use disorders was assessed using a validated Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) screening tool. Univariable and multivariable modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using STATA 15 software. RESULTS The overall prevalence of probable alcohol use disorders (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) was 27.8% (95% CI 1.24-1.31) while that of probable AUD alone was 25.3% (95% CI 1.22-1.28). Peer substance use (APR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.10-1.32), sibling substance use (APR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23), catholic caregiver religion (APR = 1.07 95% CI 1.01-1.13), caregiver income of more than $128 (APR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98), having no parental reprimand for substance use (APR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and having no knowledge of how to decline an offer to use substances (APR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12) were found to be significantly associated with probable AUD/SUD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a high prevalence of probable AUD and SUD among children and adolescents visiting healthcare facilities for other conditions, along with a strong link between AUD and SUD prevalence and social factors. The implication for our healthcare system is to actively screen for and treat these conditions at primary healthcare facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Aber-Odonga
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda.
| | - Juliet Ndimwibo Babirye
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Ingunn Marie S Engebretsen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fred Nuwaha
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnson EC, Paul SE, Baranger DAA, Hatoum AS, Colbert SMC, Lin S, Wolff R, Gorelik AJ, Hansen I, Karcher NR, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. Characterizing Alcohol Expectancies in the ABCD Study: Associations with Sociodemographic Factors, the Immediate Social Environment, and Genetic Propensities. Behav Genet 2023; 53:265-278. [PMID: 36662388 PMCID: PMC10159951 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol expectancies (AEs) are associated with likelihood of alcohol initiation and subsequent alcohol use disorders. It is unclear whether genetic predisposition to alcohol use and/or related traits contributes to shaping how one expects to feel when drinking alcohol. We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to examine associations between genetic propensities (i.e., polygenic risk for problematic alcohol use, depression, risk-taking), sociodemographic factors (i.e., parent income), and the immediate social environment (i.e., peer use and disapproval toward alcohol) and positive and negative AEs in alcohol-naïve children (max analytic N = 5,352). Mixed-effect regression models showed that age, parental education, importance of the child's religious beliefs, adverse childhood experiences, and peer disapproval of alcohol use were associated with positive and/or negative AEs, to varying degrees. Overall, our results suggest several familial and psychosocial predictors of AEs but little evidence of contributions from polygenic liability to problematic alcohol use or related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah M C Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Wolff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Isabella Hansen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saunders D, Sussman T, Corbeil T, Canino G, Bird H, Alegria M, Duarte CS. Development, religious affiliation, and social context: Substance use disorders in Puerto Rican transitional age youth. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1076869. [PMID: 36873209 PMCID: PMC9978336 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1076869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transitional age youth (i. e., ages 16-24; TAY) use higher levels of substances than any age group in the United States. Understanding what factors increase substance use during TAY could suggest novel targets for prevention/intervention. Studies suggest that religious affiliation is inversely associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, the association of religious affiliation and SUD, including the role of gender and social context, has not been studied in TAY of Puerto Rican ethnicity. Methods Using data from N = 2,004 TAY of Puerto Rican ethnicity across two social contexts-Puerto Rico (PR) and the South Bronx, NY (SBx)-we tested the association of religious identity (Catholic, Non-Catholic Christian, Other/Mixed, and no religious affiliation, or "None"), and four SUD outcomes (alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, illicit SUD, and any SUD). Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between religious identity and SUDs, then we tested for interaction by social context and gender. Result Half the sample identified as female; 30, 44, and 25% were 15-20, 21-24, and 25-29 years of age, respectively; 28% of the sample received public assistance. There was a statistically significant difference between sites for public assistance (22 and 33% in SBx/PR, respectively; p < 0.001); 29% of the sample endorsed None (38 and 21% in SBx/PR, respectively.) Compared to None, identifying as Catholic was associated with reduced risk of illicit SUD (OR = 0.51, p = 0.02), and identifying as Non-Catholic Christian with reduced risk for any SUD (OR = 0.68, p = 0.04). Additionally, in PR but not SBx, being Catholic or Non-Catholic Christian was protective for illicit SUD when compared to None (OR = 0.13 and 0.34, respectively). We found no evidence of an interaction between religious affiliation and gender. Discussion The percentage of PR TAY who endorse no affiliation is higher than the general PR population, reflective of increasing religious non-affiliation among TAY across cultures. Critically, TAY with no religious affiliation are twice as likely as Catholics to have illicit SUD, and 1.5 times as likely as Non-Catholic Christians to have any SUD. Endorsing no affiliation is more adverse for illicit SUD in PR than the SBx, underscoring the importance of social context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Saunders
- Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tamara Sussman
- Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Corbeil
- Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Hector Bird
- Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margarita Alegria
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristiane S. Duarte
- Center for Intergenerational Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rosmarin DH, Pirutinsky S, Kaufman CC, Harris SK, Sneider JT, Silveri MM. Religious affiliation protects against alcohol/substance use initiation: A prospective study among healthy adolescents. J Adolesc 2023; 95:372-381. [PMID: 36345114 PMCID: PMC9908826 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial volume of the literature suggests that religious factors buffer against alcohol/substance use among adults, but research among adolescents is sparse. Further, few studies in this area have been prospective, and therefore it is unclear how religion may impact less alcohol/substance use among adolescents. METHOD We prospectively evaluated effects of religious affiliation on initiation of alcohol/substance use in a sample of 81 psychiatrically healthy 13-14-year-olds from New England, over a 3-year period (from November 2015 to January 2019). Known risk factors were also evaluated including anxiety, depression, and impulsivity; family history of mental illness and alcohol/substance misuse; and volume of brain regions implicated in adolescent alcohol/substance misuse (assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging). RESULTS Religiously affiliated adolescents were significantly less likely to initiate use of alcohol/substances (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.38). The addition of family history of alcohol/substance misuse to the model increased the predictive value of religious affiliation (HR = 0.34). Other risk factors did not diminish nor increase observed effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings support and extend the current research by suggesting that religious affiliation protects against initiation of alcohol/substance use during early adolescence, particularly in individuals with elevated risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Rosmarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
- Spirituality and Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital
| | | | - Caroline C. Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
- Spirituality and Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital
| | - Sion K. Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
- Center for Adolescent Behavioral Health Research, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Jennifer T. Sneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frings D, Albery IP, Kim A. When ingroup identities “clash”: The influence of beliefs about incompatibilities between being a Christian and a drinker affect motivation to change drinking behaviour. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frings
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research London South Bank University London UK
| | - Ian P. Albery
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research London South Bank University London UK
| | - Anne Kim
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research London South Bank University London UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Efrati Y, Kolubinski DC, Marino C, Spada MM. Early Maladaptive Schemas are Associated with Adolescents’ Substance and Behavioral Addictions. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
9
|
Hoffmann JP. Parent-child Relations, Religiousness, and Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426221121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that parent-child relationships and religiousness are negatively associated with substance use among adolescents, but few studies have addressed their relationship with substance use disorders (SUDs). This study explored whether high quality parent-child relations are negatively associated with the risk of an SUD among adolescents, especially when religiousness is high. The data used to assess this inquiry were from 4 years (2016–2019) of the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). SUDs in the past year were based on a set of questions consistent with criteria enumerated in the DSM-IV. Latent measures of parent-child relations and religiousness were also constructed. The results of an augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) model furnished empirical evidence in support of the notion that the lowest risk of an SUD occurred among those reporting high quality parent-child relations and high religiousness, even after adjusting for a substantial number of selection factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Hoffmann
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Terry-McElrath YM, O’Malley PM, Pang YC, Patrick ME. Characteristics and reasons for use associated with solitary alcohol and marijuana use among U.S. 12th Grade Students, 2015-2021. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109448. [PMID: 35421689 PMCID: PMC9275659 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding what sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for use are associated with adolescent solitary alcohol and marijuana use. METHODS Data from 7845 12th grade students participating in the nationally-representative Monitoring the Future study from 2015 to 2021 were used to examine cross-sectional associations between sociodemographics, heavy drinking/marijuana use, reasons for use, and past 12-month solitary alcohol or marijuana use among past 12-month users. Historical trends and possible differences related to the COVID-19 pandemic also were examined. RESULTS Solitary use prevalence increased from 2015 to 2021 with no evidence of significant COVID-19 deviations. In 2021, solitary alcohol use was reported by 32.1% (SE 3.01) and solitary marijuana use by 55.8% (4.72) of those reporting past 12-month use. Common and substance-specific sociodemographic risk factors were observed. Binge drinking was associated with solitary alcohol use; frequent marijuana use was associated with solitary marijuana use. Reasons for use related to coping with negative affect were associated with solitary use. Compulsive use reasons were more strongly associated with solitary alcohol than marijuana use. Drinking to have a good time with friends was negatively associated with solitary alcohol use but this association was not seen for solitary marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of adolescents who use alcohol or marijuana when they were alone has increased among those who report using each substance. Associations between solitary use and (a) higher levels of consumption and (b) coping with negative affect highlight the importance of solitary use as a risk indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| | - Patrick M. O’Malley
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| | - Yuk C. Pang
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Efrati Y, Spada MM. Self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Jewish Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100431. [PMID: 35647261 PMCID: PMC9133580 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic across different sociodemographic categories. The sample comprised 2,074 adolescents (40% males, 60% females) aged 12-19 years who completed the survey anonymously and with parental consent. We examined what is the prevalence of self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions in this population in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Participants reported self-perceived addictions to social networks (70%), shopping (46%), binge eating (34%), gaming (30%), sex-related behavior (15%), psychoactive substance (31%, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and/or cocaine), and gambling (3%). Moreover, differences were found to be directly related to age, biological sex, religiosity, socioeconomic status, and immigration status. From a lay epidemiological perspective, the current research expands our knowledge about self-perceived addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering better understanding of the likelihood probability factors for self-perceived addiction among adolescents and its related negative outcomes, including increased risk factors for later adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Efrati
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Education, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marcantonio M. Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi SH, McClintock CHY, Lau E, Miller L. The impact of perceived relationship to ancestors on the association between self-transcendence and psychopathology: A cross-cultural examination. Transcult Psychiatry 2022:13634615211049072. [PMID: 34986065 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211049072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-transcendence has been associated with lower levels of psychopathology. Most studies of self-transcendence have focused on samples of Western participants, and used scales addressing such concepts as self-awareness and feelings of oneness with the larger universe. However, a common Eastern notion of transcendence-perception of ongoing relationships with ancestors-has not been studied. We conducted a cross-cultural investigation of the association between self-transcendence, perceived degree of relationship to ancestors and depression and anxiety in the United States (N = 1499), China (N = 3,150), and India (N = 863). Degrees of perceived relationship to ancestors differed across countries, with the highest rates in India and China, and lowest rates in the United States. Self-transcendence was negatively associated with risks for depression and anxiety in the United States. In India, self-transcendence was also negatively associated with risks for depression and anxiety, and a strong perceived relationship with ancestors had further protective benefit. In China, those with a high level of perceived relationship to ancestors and a high level of self-transcendence exhibited lower levels of psychopathology. Results suggest that measures of relationship to ancestors might be included in future cross-cultural studies of transcendence.
Collapse
|
13
|
Busby DR, Hope MO, Lee DB, Heinze JE, Zimmerman MA. Racial Discrimination and Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use Among African American Emerging Adults: The Role of Organizational Religious Involvement. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:242-255. [PMID: 34965768 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211051650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Racial discrimination jeopardizes a wide range of health behaviors for African Americans. Numerous studies demonstrate significant negative associations between racial discrimination and problematic alcohol use among African Americans. Culturally specific contexts (e.g., organized religious involvement) often function protectively against racial discrimination's adverse effects for many African Americans. Yet organized religious involvement may affect the degree to which racial discrimination increases problematic alcohol use resulting in various alcohol use trajectories. These links remain understudied in emerging adulthood marked by when individuals transition from adolescence to early adult roles and responsibilities. We use data from 496 African American emerging adults from the Flint Adolescent Study (FAS) to (a) identify multiple and distinct alcohol use trajectories and (b) examine organizational religious involvement's protective role. Three trajectory classes were identified: the high/stable, (20.76% of sample; n = 103); moderate/stable, (39.52% of sample; n = 196); and low/rising, (39.72% of the sample; n = 197). After controlling for sex, educational attainment, and general stress, the interaction between racial discrimination and organized religious involvement did not influence the likelihood of classifying into the moderate/stable class or the low/rising class, compared with the high/stable class. These results suggest organized religious involvement counteracts, but does not buffer racial discrimination's effects on problematic alcohol use. Findings emphasize the critical need for culturally sensitive prevention efforts incorporating organized religious involvement for African American emerging adults exposed to racial discrimination. These prevention efforts may lessen the role of racial discrimination on health disparities related to alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Busby
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meredith O Hope
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Daniel B Lee
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brito MA, Amad A, Rolland B, Geoffroy PA, Peyre H, Roelandt JL, Benradia I, Thomas P, Vaiva G, Schürhoff F, Pignon B. Religiosity and prevalence of suicide, psychiatric disorders and psychotic symptoms in the French general population. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1547-1557. [PMID: 33566159 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between religious beliefs and observance and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, psychotic symptoms and history of suicide attempts in the French general population. The cross-sectional survey interviewed 38,694 subjects between 1999 and 2003, using the MINI. Current religious beliefs and observance were identified by means of two questions: "are you a believer?" and "are you religiously observant?". We studied the association between religiosity and psychiatric outcomes using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, including migrant status. Religious beliefs were positively associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders [OR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.30-1.45) and OR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.20-1.58)], unipolar depressive disorder [OR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.06-1.23)] and generalized anxiety disorder [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.06-1.21)], but negatively associated with bipolar disorder [OR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.69-0.98)], alcohol use disorders [OR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.62-0.77)], substance use disorders [OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.52-0.69)] and suicide attempts [OR = 0.90, 95% CI (0.82-0.99)]. Religious observance was positively associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders [OR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.20-1.58) and OR = 1.25, 95% CI (1.07-1.45)], but negatively associated with social anxiety disorder [OR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.76-0.99)], alcohol use disorders [OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.51-0.70)], substance use disorders [OR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.38-0.60)] and suicide attempts [OR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.70-0.90)]. Among believers, religious observance was not associated with psychotic outcomes. Religiosity appears to be a complex and bidirectional determinant of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. In this respect, religiosity should be more thoroughly assessed in epidemiological psychiatric studies, as well as in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice Brito
- Département Médico-Universitaires de Psychiatrie Et D'addictologie Des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Groupe Hospitaliers Henri-Mondor, CHU de Créteil Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU IMPACT, 40 rue de Mesly, 94 000, Créteil, France.,Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, and National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1172, Lille, France.,Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Santé Mentale (F2RSM) Hauts-de-France, rue André Verhaeghe, 59000, Lille, France.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service Universitaire D'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), CH Le Vinatier, Bron France , CRNL, Inserm U1028-CNRS UMR5292, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, 75019, Paris, France.,Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Roelandt
- EPSM Lille Métropole, Centre Collaborateur de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé Pour La Recherche Et La Formation en Santé Mentale, Équipe Eceve Inserm UMR 1123, 211 rue Roger Salengro, 59 260, Hellemmes, France
| | - Imane Benradia
- EPSM Lille Métropole, Centre Collaborateur de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé Pour La Recherche Et La Formation en Santé Mentale, Équipe Eceve Inserm UMR 1123, 211 rue Roger Salengro, 59 260, Hellemmes, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, and National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1172, Lille, France.,Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Santé Mentale (F2RSM) Hauts-de-France, rue André Verhaeghe, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, and National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1172, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources Et Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumatismes (Cn2r), Lille Paris, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Département Médico-Universitaires de Psychiatrie Et D'addictologie Des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Groupe Hospitaliers Henri-Mondor, CHU de Créteil Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU IMPACT, 40 rue de Mesly, 94 000, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Inserm, U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, 94000, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, 94000, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, UPEC, Université Paris Est Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Département Médico-Universitaires de Psychiatrie Et D'addictologie Des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Groupe Hospitaliers Henri-Mondor, CHU de Créteil Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU IMPACT, 40 rue de Mesly, 94 000, Créteil, France. .,Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Inserm, U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, 94000, Créteil, France. .,Fondation FondaMental, 94000, Créteil, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, UPEC, Université Paris Est Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Terrell A, Houltberg B, Brown S, Falco R, Schnitker S. Humanitarian Athletic Participation and Identity Work. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:669547. [PMID: 34778754 PMCID: PMC8581556 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.669547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies examine youth purpose and volunteerism, but only few investigate how altruistic activities shape identity development within athletic contexts. Endurance-based humanitarian fundraising teams are becoming increasingly popular forms of volunteerism among adolescents and young adults in the United States, but little is known about their developmental role. Twenty-four participants (15–21 years of age; M = 17.42) were interviewed to identify the prominent themes that arose from their experiences while training for and participating in a marathon. A thematic analysis was used to determine the dominant themes that characterized the intersection of humanitarian marathon training and running with aspects of identity work. The majority of the comments of the participants were directly tied to their experiences in running the marathon. Four themes were identified including identity work, faith, purpose, and social connection. More so than exploring their possible selves, a consistent theme throughout the interview with the participants was what they learned about their current selves and the capacities they already possessed during their marathon experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Terrell
- Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Benjamin Houltberg
- Performance Institute, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Brown
- Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rachel Falco
- Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Schnitker
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F, Hassan MR, Manaf MRA, Amit N, Ibrahim N, Shafurdin NS. Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2088. [PMID: 34774013 PMCID: PMC8590764 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug abuse is detrimental, and excessive drug usage is a worldwide problem. Drug usage typically begins during adolescence. Factors for drug abuse include a variety of protective and risk factors. Hence, this systematic review aimed to determine the risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents worldwide. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was adopted for the review which utilized three main journal databases, namely PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. Tobacco addiction and alcohol abuse were excluded in this review. Retrieved citations were screened, and the data were extracted based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include the article being full text, published from the year 2016 until 2020 and provided via open access resource or subscribed to by the institution. Quality assessment was done using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) version 2018 to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis of the included studies was undertaken. Results Out of 425 articles identified, 22 quantitative articles and one qualitative article were included in the final review. Both the risk and protective factors obtained were categorized into three main domains: individual, family, and community factors. The individual risk factors identified were traits of high impulsivity; rebelliousness; emotional regulation impairment, low religious, pain catastrophic, homework completeness, total screen time and alexithymia; the experience of maltreatment or a negative upbringing; having psychiatric disorders such as conduct problems and major depressive disorder; previous e-cigarette exposure; behavioral addiction; low-perceived risk; high-perceived drug accessibility; and high-attitude to use synthetic drugs. The familial risk factors were prenatal maternal smoking; poor maternal psychological control; low parental education; negligence; poor supervision; uncontrolled pocket money; and the presence of substance-using family members. One community risk factor reported was having peers who abuse drugs. The protective factors determined were individual traits of optimism; a high level of mindfulness; having social phobia; having strong beliefs against substance abuse; the desire to maintain one’s health; high paternal awareness of drug abuse; school connectedness; structured activity and having strong religious beliefs. Conclusion The outcomes of this review suggest a complex interaction between a multitude of factors influencing adolescent drug abuse. Therefore, successful adolescent drug abuse prevention programs will require extensive work at all levels of domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozmi Ismail
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fauziah Ibrahim
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Shafini Shafurdin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lucchetti G, Koenig HG, Lucchetti ALG. Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7620-7631. [PMID: 34621814 PMCID: PMC8462234 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the field of “Spirituality and Health” has been growing, with spirituality/religiousness (S/R) being consistently related to both physical and mental health. The objective of this article is to provide an updated review of the current scientific evidence on the relationship between S/R and mental health, highlighting the most important studies. As a secondary objective, the mechanisms that explain this relationship and the interventions that utilize this information in treating mental disorders will be discussed. The findings reveal a large body of evidence across numerous psychiatric disorders. Although solid evidence is now available for depression, suicidality, and substance use, other diagnosis, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, and anxiety, have also shown promising results. The effects of S/R on mental health are likely bidirectional, and the manner in which religious beliefs are used to cope with distress (i.e. negative and positive), may affect mental health outcomes. Despite these findings, the mechanisms that explain these associations and the role of S/R interventions need further study. Concerning clinical practice, mental health providers should ask patients about S/R that are important in their lives to provide holistic and patient-centered care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Lucchetti
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Impact of Civic and Religious Social Capital on the Antisocial Attitudes of the Youth: A Multi-Level Cross-National Study. SOCIETIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soc11030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether some dimensions of civic and religious social capital are connected to antisocial attitudes of the youth. Based on the social capital theory and previous research, the author assumed that membership of voluntary associations as a dimension of civic social capital and attendance at religious services as a dimension of religious social capital, will be negatively correlated with antisocial attitudes of the youth. The integrated dataset of the last European Values Study and the World Values Survey waves were used as the sources of the research data. The dataset was comprised of 11,411 respondents who were younger than 25 years old from 79 countries. As hypothesized, at the individual level, attendance at religious services was negatively correlated with antisocial attitudes, whereas membership of voluntary associations was positively correlated with antisocial attitudes. At the country level, none of the hypothesized correlations were confirmed. A cross-level interaction between GDP and associational membership was found. The author explains the findings by evoking the special characteristics of religious social capital and its strength in building moral obligations and by suggesting possible differences in incentives for joining voluntary associations in the countries with different levels of economic wealth.
Collapse
|
19
|
Enriquez RH, Hirst RB, Rosen AS. Childhood Religious Affiliation Type Is Associated with Alcohol, but Not Cannabis Use in Adults. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:224-232. [PMID: 34461814 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1968082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the recent rise in cannabis use and reported association between use and biopsychosocial risk, identifying factors to reduce use is important. This study examined the association between religion and spirituality factors and cannabis initiation and use. An online survey sample (N = 935) provided demographic, childhood religious affiliation (association with a specific religious group), religiosity (e.g., church attendance, prayer), spirituality, and substance use-related information. As hypothesized, participants with higher religiosity scores were less likely to be regular cannabis users (p = .017). However, cannabis use (early initiation, regular use, recent use, problematic use) was not associated with religious affiliation or with religious affiliation type (religions grouped by identifiable characteristics). Nevertheless, religious affiliation type was associated with recent alcohol use (p < .001) and recent intoxication (p = .006) among participants who reported cannabis use at least once, supporting previous research suggesting an inverse relation between religiosity and substance use. Overall, childhood religious affiliation type was not associated with cannabis use milestones as had been previously reported for alcohol use milestones. This suggests important differences between alcohol and cannabis use characteristics (e.g., social acceptability, recreational vs. medicinal substance) that may have implications for future substance use research, prevention, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayna B Hirst
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexis S Rosen
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Livne O, Wengrower T, Feingold D, Shmulewitz D, Hasin DS, Lev-Ran S. Religiosity and substance use in U.S. adults: Findings from a large-scale national survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108796. [PMID: 34119881 PMCID: PMC8918021 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the US religious landscape has undergone considerable change such as a decline in religious service attendance. These changes may indicate that religious social support structures have deteriorated, possibly leading to a decrease in strengths of associations with substance use. Considering this, and given limitations of past studies (e.g., limited control for potential confounders), large-scale general population studies are needed to reexamine associations between religiosity domains and substance use. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N = 36,309). In unadjusted and adjusted models, controlling for religiosity domains and other covariates, we examined associations between three religiosity domains (importance of religiosity/spirituality, service attendance, and religious affiliation) and DSM-5 SUD. Focusing on service attendance, we also examined associations with other substance use-related outcomes. RESULTS Among religiosity domains, only frequency of service attendance was associated with SUD across most substances. Frequent service attendees had lower odds of alcohol use disorder (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.4, 95 % CI 0.33,0.51), tobacco use disorder (aOR = 0.3, 95 % CI 0.22,0.33) and cannabis use disorder (aOR = 0.4, 95 % CI 0.24,0.68), compared to non-service attendees. For alcohol and tobacco, the protective effect of frequent service attendance was more robust for SUD than for respective substance use. CONCLUSIONS Despite decreasing rates of religious belief and practice in the US, service attendance independently lowered the odds of substance use and SUD across multiple substances. Results may inform religious leaders and clinicians about the value of utilizing religious social support structures in the prevention and treatment of substance use and SUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Livne
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tovia Wengrower
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah S. Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaul Lev-Ran
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Lev Hasharon Medical Center, Netanya, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang C, Brook JS, Leukefeld CG, Brook DW. Developmental Trajectories of Religious Service Attendance: Predictors of Nicotine Dependence and Alcohol Dependence/Abuse in Early Midlife. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1766-1779. [PMID: 30879207 PMCID: PMC6746614 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study assesses the associations between developmental trajectories of religious service attendance from mean age 14 to mean age 43 and nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence/abuse at mean age 43 (N = 548). Six trajectories of religious service attendance were identified. As compared with belonging to weekly stable trajectory group, a higher probability of belonging to the weekly/none decreasing, occasional stable, and non-attendance trajectory group was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of nicotine dependence. In addition, as compared with belonging to weekly stable trajectory group, a higher probability of belonging to the weekly/none decreasing, weekly/occasional decreasing, occasional stable, and non-attendance trajectory group was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol dependence/abuse. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that religious service attendance protects against nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence/abuse in early midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Judith S Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Carl G Leukefeld
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David W Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Investigation of Religious Attitudes and Impulsivity in Addicts and Normal Individuals. HEALTH, SPIRITUALITY AND MEDICAL ETHICS 2020. [DOI: 10.52547/jhsme.7.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
23
|
Public and private religious involvement and initiation of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in Black and White adolescent girls. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:447-456. [PMID: 31927596 PMCID: PMC7383957 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This longitudinal study aimed to identify variation by race in the associations between religious involvement and initiation of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, including distinctions by substance or type of religious involvement, in Black and White adolescent girls. METHODS Data were drawn from interviews conducted at ages 11 through 17 with 2172 Pittsburgh Girls Study participants (56.8% Black; 43.2% White). Two indicators of public religious involvement, religious service attendance and participation in other religious activities, and two indicators of private religious involvement, prayer, and importance of religion were queried. A series of Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to identify independent effects of religious involvement indicators on initiation of each substance. RESULTS Prior to adjusting for socioenvironmental and psychosocial factors (e.g., parental monitoring), importance of religion predicted initiation of alcohol use across race and cigarette and marijuana use in White but not Black girls. Participation in other religious activities also predicted marijuana use initiation only in White girls. In adjusted models, importance of religion remained significant for cigarette use initiation in White girls (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.53-0.88) and participation in other religious activities remained significant for marijuana use initiation in White girls (HR = 0.63, CI: 0.47-0.83). CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of religious involvement against cigarette and marijuana use initiation are more robust for White than Black adolescent girls and overall relatively weak for alcohol use initiation. Furthermore, importance placed on religion may be a better indicator than religious service attendance of risk for adolescent substance use initiation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Phan J, Baronia R, Ruiz A, McGovern T, McMahon T. Internalized Homophobia, Religious Affiliation, and Substance Use in Sexual Minority Women. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2019.1702486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University-Our Lady of the Lake Residency Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Regina Baronia
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Anastasia Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Terry McMahon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cummins KM, Diep SA, Brown SA. Alcohol Expectancies Moderate the Association Between School Connectedness and Alcohol Consumption. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019; 89:865-873. [PMID: 31478216 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigate the moderated association of school connectedness and alcohol expectancies with adolescent drinking. METHODS Two large community samples were obtained with 2 repeated attempted censuses of all students attending a large suburban school district. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed substance use, alcohol expectancies, and school connectedness. We used logistic regression analyses on the training sample and confirmed with Bayesian test intervals with the test sample. RESULTS Party related alcohol expectancies and school connectedness interacted in their explanatory association with recent drinking and binging, such that school connectedness had a protective association only for youth with lower positive expectancies. These findings were the result of pre-planned exploratory analysis, which were confirmed with out-of-sample test data. CONCLUSIONS The potential benefits for student health behaviors resulting from improved school connectedness may be dependent on at least one dimension of alcohol expectancies, at the individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Cummins
- Department of Social Work, San Diego State University & Department of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Sherry A Diep
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, Steinhardt, 726 Broadway, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10003
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sigurvinsdottir R, Asgeirsdottir BB, Sigfusdottir ID. Sexual abuse, family violence/conflict, substance use, religion and spirituality among Icelandic adolescents. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2019.1638822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryndis Bjork Asgeirsdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cullins LM, Solages MM, McKnight S. Depression in African American and Black Caribbean Youth and the Intersection of Spirituality and Religion: Clinical Opportunities and Considerations. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019; 28:473-482. [PMID: 31076121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the risk and protective factors, symptom presentation, and the significant interface of spirituality and religion of depression in African American and black Caribbean children and adolescents and their families. The article provides practical implications for diagnosis and treatment of depression in this special population of youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Cullins
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Shalice McKnight
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, 9300 DeWitt Loop, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Karimi Z, Haghshenas L, Mohtashami T, Dehkordi MA. Investigating the role of attachment styles, dysfunctional attitudes, and spirituality in predicting membership in addicted and non-addicted groups. Psych J 2018; 8:169-179. [PMID: 30468011 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction as a biological, psychological, and social issue affects all dimensions of one's life. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of attachment styles, dysfunctional attitudes, and spirituality in predicting membership in addicted and non-addicted groups. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 60 addicted people and 60 non-addicted people. The Adult Attachment Scale of Hazan and Shaver, Allport Religious Orientation Scale, and the 26-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-26) were used to measure the variables. Based on the results, which were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, the variables of attachment style and dysfunctional attitude can significantly predict drug addiction (p < .001). However, avoidant attachment style and spirituality cannot predict readiness for addiction. The results of this study indicate the importance of safe and ambivalent attachment styles and dysfunctional attitudes. Thus, attending to these factors in studies and interventions related to the treatment of substance abuse disorders is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Haghshenas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mohtashami
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yeterian JD, Bursik K, Kelly JF. "God put weed here for us to smoke": A mixed-methods study of religion and spirituality among adolescents with cannabis use disorders. Subst Abus 2018; 39:484-492. [PMID: 29558286 PMCID: PMC6430642 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1449168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature on adults with substance use disorders (SUDs) suggests that religious and spiritual processes can support recovery, such that higher levels of religiosity and/or spirituality predict better substance use outcomes. However, studies of the role of religion and spirituality in adolescent SUD treatment response have produced mixed findings, and religiosity and spirituality have rarely been examined separately. METHODS The present study examined religiosity and spirituality as predictors of outcomes in an outpatient treatment adolescent sample (N = 101) in which cannabis was the predominant drug of choice. Qualitative data were used to contextualize the quantitative findings. RESULTS Results showed that higher levels of spirituality at posttreatment predicted increased cannabis use at 6-month follow-up (β = .237, p = .043), whereas higher levels of baseline spirituality predicted a lower likelihood of heavy drinking at posttreatment (odds ratio [OR] = .316, P = .040). Religiosity did not predict substance use outcomes at later time points. When asked to describe the relation between their religious/spiritual views and their substance use, adolescents described believing that they had a choice about their substance use and were in control of it, feeling more spiritual when under the influence of cannabis, and being helped by substance use. CONCLUSIONS Together, findings suggest that for adolescents with SUDs, religion and spirituality may not counteract the use of cannabis, which may be explained by adolescents' views of their substance use as being consistent with their spirituality and under their control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie D. Yeterian
- Suffolk University, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - John F. Kelly
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Habecker P, Welch-Lazoritz M, Dombrowski K. Rural and Urban Differences in Nebraskans’ Access to Marijuana, Methamphetamine, Heroin, and Prescription Pills. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042618786717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a user to access a given type of drug is related to the configuration of the market for that drug, and a range of economic and criminal justice concerns. This study focuses on Nebraskan’s “ready access” to four types of drugs (marijuana, methamphetamine, heroin, and prescription pills) in 2016, using a statewide survey of housed Nebraskan adults. Ready access is defined as a participant knowing at least one person from whom they could obtain a given type of drug if they wanted to. We found that 35% of adult Nebraskans knew at least one person from whom they could obtain marijuana, 8.9% for methamphetamine, 4.5% for heroin, and 17.8% knew at least one source for prescription pills. Relationships between knowing a source for each type of drug and rurality, sex, race, religious attendance, mental health symptoms, and education are explored.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kovess-Masfety V, Saha S, Lim C, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Borges G, de Girolamo G, de Jonge P, Demyttenaere K, Florescu S, Haro J, Hu C, Karam E, Kawakami N, Lee S, Lepine J, Navarro-Mateu F, Stagnaro J, ten Have M, Viana M, Kessler R, McGrath J. Psychotic experiences and religiosity: data from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:306-315. [PMID: 29453789 PMCID: PMC6839106 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Religiosity is often associated with better health outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine associations between psychotic experiences (PEs) and religiosity in a large, cross-national sample. METHODS A total of 25 542 adult respondents across 18 countries from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys were assessed for PEs, religious affiliation and indices of religiosity, DSM-IV mental disorders and general medical conditions. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between PEs and religiosity with various adjustments. RESULTS Of 25 542 included respondents, 85.6% (SE = 0.3) (n = 21 860) respondents reported having a religious affiliation. Overall, there was no association between religious affiliation status and PEs. Within the subgroup having a religious affiliation, four of five indices of religiosity were significantly associated with increased odds of PEs (odds ratios ranged from 1.3 to 1.9). The findings persisted after adjustments for mental disorders and/or general medical conditions, as well as religious denomination type. There was a significant association between increased religiosity and reporting more types of PEs. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with religious affiliations, those who reported more religiosity on four of five indices had increased odds of PEs. Focussed and more qualitative research will be required to unravel the interrelationship between religiosity and PEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Kovess-Masfety
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - S. Saha
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, and Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - C.C.W. Lim
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, and Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - S. Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - A. Al-Hamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq
| | - J. Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G. de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-St. John of God Clinical Research Centre, Via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - P. de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, NL; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, NL
| | - K. Demyttenaere
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - J.M. Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - E.G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N. Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - J.P. Lepine
- Hôpital Lariboisière- Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Universités Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot;INSERM UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - F. Navarro-Mateu
- UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J.C. Stagnaro
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. ten Have
- Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M.C. Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - R.C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J.J. McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, and Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; and National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rosellini AJ, Stein MB, Benedek DM, Bliese PD, Chiu WT, Hwang I, Monahan J, Nock MK, Petukhova MV, Sampson NA, Street AE, Zaslavsky AM, Ursano RJ, Kessler RC. Using self-report surveys at the beginning of service to develop multi-outcome risk models for new soldiers in the U.S. Army. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2275-2287. [PMID: 28374665 PMCID: PMC5679702 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171700071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. Army uses universal preventives interventions for several negative outcomes (e.g. suicide, violence, sexual assault) with especially high risks in the early years of service. More intensive interventions exist, but would be cost-effective only if targeted at high-risk soldiers. We report results of efforts to develop models for such targeting from self-report surveys administered at the beginning of Army service. METHODS 21 832 new soldiers completed a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) in 2011-2012 and consented to link administrative data to SAQ responses. Penalized regression models were developed for 12 administratively-recorded outcomes occurring by December 2013: suicide attempt, mental hospitalization, positive drug test, traumatic brain injury (TBI), other severe injury, several types of violence perpetration and victimization, demotion, and attrition. RESULTS The best-performing models were for TBI (AUC = 0.80), major physical violence perpetration (AUC = 0.78), sexual assault perpetration (AUC = 0.78), and suicide attempt (AUC = 0.74). Although predicted risk scores were significantly correlated across outcomes, prediction was not improved by including risk scores for other outcomes in models. Of particular note: 40.5% of suicide attempts occurred among the 10% of new soldiers with highest predicted risk, 57.2% of male sexual assault perpetrations among the 15% with highest predicted risk, and 35.5% of female sexual assault victimizations among the 10% with highest predicted risk. CONCLUSIONS Data collected at the beginning of service in self-report surveys could be used to develop risk models that define small proportions of new soldiers accounting for high proportions of negative outcomes over the first few years of service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Rosellini
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David M. Benedek
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul D. Bliese
- Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wai Tat Chiu
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irving Hwang
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Monahan
- School of Law, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria V. Petukhova
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy E. Street
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan M. Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Holmes CJ, Kim-Spoon J. Adolescents' Religiousness and Substance Use Are Linked via Afterlife Beliefs and Future Orientation. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2017; 37:1054-1077. [PMID: 28943695 PMCID: PMC5606331 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616642325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although religiousness has been identified as a protective factor against adolescent substance use, processes through which these effects may operate are unclear. The current longitudinal study examined sequential mediation of afterlife beliefs and future orientation in the relation between adolescent religiousness and cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Participants included 131 adolescents (mean age at Time 1 = 12 years) at three time points with approximately two year time intervals. Structural equation modeling indicated that higher religiousness at Time 1 was associated with higher afterlife beliefs at Time 2. Higher afterlife beliefs at Time 2 were associated with higher future orientation at Time 2, which in turn was associated with lower use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana at Time 3. Our findings highlight the roles of afterlife beliefs and future orientation in explaining the beneficial effects of religiousness against adolescent substance use.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cooke ME, Neale ZE, Barr PB, Myers J, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Edwards AC. The Role of Social, Familial, and Individual-Level Factors on Multiple Alcohol Use Outcomes During the First Year of University. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1783-1793. [PMID: 28805240 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first year of university attendance represents a critical time frame for the development of alcohol use and misuse given changes in autonomy and increased access to alcohol. Prior studies have demonstrated that the establishment of drinking patterns during this period is impacted by an array of demographic, environmental, and familial factors. It is critical to consider such factors jointly, and to understand potentially differential effects on stages of alcohol use/misuse, in order to identify robust predictors that may be targeted in prevention and intervention programming. METHODS As part of a longitudinal study, students at a large, public U.S. university were invited to complete online surveys that included questions related to alcohol use, emotional and behavioral health, environmental factors, sociodemographic factors, and familial environment. This study uses data from surveys administered in the fall and spring of the first year of university. We used univariate (maximum N = 7,291) and multivariate (maximum N = 4,788) logistic and linear regressions to evaluate the associations between potential risk and protective factors with 4 alcohol use outcomes: initiation, consumption, problems, and addiction resistance. RESULTS In multivariate models, we observed associations between demographic, social/environmental, and personal-level predictors with all 4 alcohol outcomes, several of which were consistent across each stage of alcohol use. A deviant high school peer group was one of the strongest predictors of risk across outcomes. The influence of drinking motives and alcohol expectancies varied by alcohol use outcome. Externalizing characteristics were associated with increased risk across outcomes, while internalizing symptoms were associated with more problems and lower addiction resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the complex network of factors influencing stages of alcohol use during the first year of university. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that the impact of predictors changes across stages of alcohol use/misuse, which presents opportunities for targeted prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cooke
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zoe E Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John Myers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kiani F, Hesabi N. The Relationship Between the Religious Beliefs of the Diabetic Patients and Depression in a Diabetes Clinic in Iran. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:1311-1316. [PMID: 27029474 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes is prevalent, and it can leave severe psychotic effects and causes depression; thus, it is necessary to consider effective factors to fight against diabetic patients' mental conditions. It seems that the role of religion is significant, and by augmenting religious attitudes, diabetic patient's depression intensity can be decreased. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between religious beliefs and depression of diabetic patients in diabetes clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital in Zahedan. This is a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study. Out of total 350 diabetic patients, 70 were selected by easy sampling method. Data gathering tool was Bach's religious beliefs and depression standard questionnaires. K2 statistical test and Pearson's correlation index have been used for data analysis. SPSS software version 16 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there was not any relationship among age, sex, education, illness duration and family member's history of depression and depression. Results of the study showed that stronger religious beliefs decrease the depression severity (P < 0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen patient's religious attitudes by proper plans to decrease depression, and some strategies are presented in the study for these plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kiani
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Hesabi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Holcomb WR, Ivey WS. Religious Fundamentalism, Humor, and Treatment Outcomes in Individuals in Court-Mandated Substance Abuse Outpatient Treatment. Psychol Rep 2017; 120:491-502. [PMID: 28558615 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116687270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between religious fundamentalism, humor, and psychological well-being was examined with a sample of individuals ( n = 109) being treated for drug abuse in a court-mandated AA outpatient program. Three separate factors of religious fundamentalism were found through exploratory factor analysis of the Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and these were named Righteous-Evil Worldview, True Religion, and Scriptural Literalism. Psychological well-being of individuals in court-mandated outpatient substance abuse treatment was found to be correlated with high levels of humor but not religious fundamentalism. Psychological well-being and humor were found to be related to satisfaction with services; no relationship was found between religious fundamentalism and satisfaction with services. One factor of religious fundamentalism, Scriptural Literalism, was found to be associated with high levels of depression and paranoia/hostility. Implications of these relationships for treatment and understanding of religious fundamentalism and psychological well-being are discussed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Religiosity in Acute Psychiatric Inpatients: Relationship With Demographics, Clinical Features, and Length of Stay. J Nerv Ment Dis 2017; 205:448-452. [PMID: 28441173 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between religiosity in 175 psychiatric inpatients as measured by the subscales of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and sociodemographic (age, sex, and race), clinical (primary diagnosis, suicidality, and psychotic symptoms), and outcome (length of stay [LOS] and readmission rates) measures. Psychosis was assessed by Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the association between the DUREL subscales and the outcome measures. High scorers on the nonorganized religiosity subscale were less likely to have psychosis (47% vs. 52%; p < 0.05) but had greater psychosis severity (mean ± SD, 14.5 ± 5 vs.12.4 ± 6; p < 0.05), as measured by the CRDPSS scale, and significantly longer LOS (mean ± SD, 8.3 ± 3.8 vs. 6.9 ± 3.4; p < 0.05). Conversely, they were less likely to report previous suicide attempts than low scorers (p < 0.05). These results suggest that a brief measure of religious activities may identify psychiatric inpatients at greater risk for psychosis, suicidality, and longer hospitalizations.
Collapse
|
38
|
Brown CR, Hambleton IR, Hercules SM, Alvarado M, Unwin N, Murphy MM, Harris EN, Wilks R, MacLeish M, Sullivan L, Sobers-Grannum N. Social determinants of breast cancer in the Caribbean: a systematic review. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:60. [PMID: 28381227 PMCID: PMC5382386 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the Caribbean and accounts for >1 million disability adjusted life years. Little is known about the social inequalities of this disease in the Caribbean. In support of the Rio Political Declaration on addressing health inequities, this article presents a systematic review of evidence on the distribution, by social determinants, of breast cancer risk factors, frequency, and adverse outcomes in Caribbean women. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO, CINAHL, CUMED, LILACS, and IBECS were searched for observational studies reporting associations between social determinants and breast cancer risk factors, frequency, or outcomes. Based on the PROGRESS-plus checklist, we considered 8 social determinant groups for 14 breast cancer endpoints, which totalled to 189 possible ways ('relationship groups') to explore the role of social determinants on breast cancer. Studies with >50 participants conducted in Caribbean territories between 2004 and 2014 were eligible for inclusion. The review was conducted according to STROBE and PRISMA guidelines and results were planned as a narrative synthesis, with meta-analysis if possible. RESULTS Thirty-four articles were included from 5,190 screened citations. From these included studies, 75 inequality relationships were reported examining 30 distinct relationship groups, leaving 84% of relationship groups unexplored. Most inequality relationships were reported for risk factors, particularly alcohol and overweight/obesity which generally showed a positive relationship with indicators of lower socioeconomic position. Evidence for breast cancer frequency and outcomes was scarce. Unmarried women tended to have a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with breast cancer when compared to married women. While no association was observed between breast cancer frequency and ethnicity, mortality from breast cancer was shown to be slightly higher among Asian-Indian compared to African-descent populations in Trinidad (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4) and Guyana (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6). CONCLUSION Study quantity, quality, and variability in outcomes and reporting limited the synthesis of evidence on the role of social determinants on breast cancer in the Caribbean. This report represents important current evidence on the region, and can guide future research priorities for better describing and understanding of Caribbean breast cancer inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nigel Unwin
- Chronic Disease Research Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Anderson MR, Miller L, Wickramaratne P, Svob C, Odgerel Z, Zhao R, Weissman MM. Genetic Correlates of Spirituality/Religion and Depression: A Study in Offspring and Grandchildren at High and Low Familial Risk for Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:43-63. [PMID: 29057276 DOI: 10.1037/scp0000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Possible genetic correlates of spirituality and depression have been identified in community samples. We investigate some of the previously identified candidates in a sample of families at both high and low-risk for depression. METHOD Offspring and grandchildren of individuals at high and low-risk for depression, participating in a multi-wave thirty-year longitudinal study, were assessed for seven SNPS drawn from four single gene candidates associated with systems implicated in both depression and spirituality: Serotonin (5-HT1B and 5-HT2A), Dopamine (DRD2), Oxytocin (OT) and Monoamine Vesicular Transporter (VMAT1). RESULTS Dopamine (DRD2) Serotonin (5-HT1B), their Transporter (VMAT1) and Oxytocin (OXTR) were positively associated with a high level of importance of spirituality or religion (S/R) in the group at low familial risk for depression. DRD2 minor allele was associated with both lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and spirituality in the low-risk group for depression. No SNPs were related to S/R in the group at high familial risk for depression. OXTR was associated with lifetime MDD in the full sample. CONCLUSION Genes for dopamine, serotonin, their vesicular transporter, and oxytocin may be associated with S/R in people at low familial risk for depression. Genes for dopamine may be associated both with S/R and increased risk for depression in people at low-risk for depression, suggesting a common pathway or physiology to mild to moderate depression. MDD is associated with oxytocin across risk groups. In the high-risk group, phenotypic expression of S/R may be suppressed. IMPLICATIONS The shared association of DRD2 by S/R and depression, generally found to be inversely related, calls for further research on their common physiological pathways, and the phenotypic expression of these pathways based upon use and environment. Prevention for offspring at high familial risk for depression might include support for the development of child spirituality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Miller
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Priya Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zagaa Odgerel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruixin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Watson J, Toner P, Day E, Back D, Brady LM, Fairhurst C, Renwick C, Templeton L, Akhtar S, Lloyd C, Li J, Cocks K, Ambegaokar S, Parrott S, McArdle P, Gilvarry E, Copello A. Youth social behaviour and network therapy (Y-SBNT): adaptation of a family and social network intervention for young people who misuse alcohol and drugs – a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21:1-260. [DOI: 10.3310/hta21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFamily interventions appear to be effective at treating young people’s substance misuse. However, implementation of family approaches in UK services is low. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of recruiting young people to an intervention based on an adaptation of adult social behaviour and network therapy. It also sought to involve young people with experience of using substance misuse services in the research process.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility of recruiting young people to family and social network therapy and to explore ways in which young people with experience of using substance misuse services could be involved in a study of this nature.DesignA pragmatic, two-armed, randomised controlled open feasibility trial.SettingTwo UK-based treatment services for young people with substance use problems, with recruitment taking place from May to November 2014.ParticipantsYoung people aged 12–18 years, newly referred and accepted for structured interventions for drug and/or alcohol problems.InterventionsA remote, web-based computer randomisation system allocated young people to adapted youth social behaviour and network therapy (Y-SBNT) or treatment as usual (TAU). Y-SBNT participants were intended to receive up to six 50-minute sessions over a maximum of 12 weeks. TAU participants continued to receive usual care delivered by their service.Main outcome measuresFeasibility was measured by recruitment rates, retention in treatment and follow-up completion rates. The main clinical outcome was the proportion of days on which the main problem substance was used in the preceding 90-day period as captured by the Timeline Follow-Back interview at 3 and 12 months.ResultsIn total, 53 young people were randomised (Y-SBNT,n = 26; TAU,n = 27) against a target of 60 (88.3%). Forty-two young people attended at least one treatment session [Y-SBNT 22/26 (84.6%); TAU 20/27 (74.1%)]; follow-up rates were 77.4% at month 3 and 73.6% at month 12. Data for nine young people were missing at both months 3 and 12, so the main clinical outcome analysis was based on 24 young people (92.3%) in the Y-SBNT group and 20 young people (74.1%) in the TAU group. At month 12, the average proportion of days that the main problem substance was used in the preceding 90 days was higher in the Y-SBNT group than in the TAU group (0.54 vs. 0.41; adjusted mean difference 0.13, 95% confidence interval –0.12 to 0.39;p = 0.30). No adverse events were reported. Seventeen young people with experience of substance misuse services were actively involved throughout the study. They informed key elements of the intervention and research process, ensuring that the intervention was acceptable and relevant to our target groups; contributing to the design of key trial documents, ideas for a new model of public involvement and this report. Two parents were also involved.ConclusionsThe adapted intervention could be delivered in young people’s services, and qualitative interviews found that Y-SBNT was acceptable to young people, family members and staff. Engagement of family and network members proved difficult within the intervention and research aspects. The study proved the feasibility of this work in routine services but outcome measurement based on narrow substance use variables may be limited and may fail to capture other important changes in wider areas of functioning for young people. Validation of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions for young people aged 12–18 years should be considered and flexible models for involvement of young people in research are required to achieve inclusive representation throughout all aspects of the research process. Although recommendation of a full trial of the Y-SBNT intervention compared with TAU is not supported, this study can inform future intervention development and UK research within routine addiction services.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN93446265.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Watson
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Toner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ed Day
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Donna Back
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Caroline Fairhurst
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Shabana Akhtar
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charlie Lloyd
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jinshuo Li
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Kim Cocks
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Steve Parrott
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul McArdle
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eilish Gilvarry
- North of Tyne Community Children and Young People’s Services, Northgate Hospital, Morpeth, UK
| | - Alex Copello
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religiosity is a protective factor against many health problems, including alcohol use disorders (AUD). Studies suggest that religiosity has greater buffering effects on mental health problems among US Blacks and Hispanics than Whites. However, whether race/ethnic differences exist in the associations of religiosity, alcohol consumption and AUD is unclear. METHOD Using 2004-2005 NESARC data (analytic n = 21 965), we examined the relationship of public religiosity (i.e. frequency of service attendance, religious social group size), and intrinsic religiosity (i.e. importance of religious/spiritual beliefs) to frequency of alcohol use and DSM-IV AUD in non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks, Hispanics and NH Whites, and whether associations differed by self-identified race/ethnicity. RESULTS Only public religiosity was related to AUD. Frequency of religious service attendance was inversely associated with AUD (NH Whites β: -0.103, p 0.05) or Hispanics (β: -0.002, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS US adults reporting greater public religiosity were at lower risk for AUD. Public religiosity may be particularly important among NH Blacks, while intrinsic religiosity may be particularly important among NH Whites, and among Hispanics who frequently attend religious services. Findings may be explained by variation in drinking-related norms observed among these groups generally, and in the context of specific religious institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,State University of New York,Downstate Medical Center,Brooklyn,NY,USA
| | - Q Brown
- Department of Epidemiology,Mailman School of Public Health,Columbia University,New York,NY,USA
| | - B F Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,Bethesda,MD,USA
| | - D Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology,Mailman School of Public Health,Columbia University,New York,NY,USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Milam J, Slaughter R, Meeske K, Ritt-Olson A, Sherman-Bien S, Freyer DR, Kuperberg A, Hamilton AS. Substance use among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2016; 25:1357-1362. [PMID: 26315824 PMCID: PMC4935633 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-promoting behaviors are recommended to childhood cancer survivors (CCS) to reduce late effects resulting from cancer treatment. Understanding factors associated with substance use is needed, especially among Hispanic CCS who are underrepresented in previous studies. The objective of this study is to examine substance use behaviors of recently treated Hispanic and non-Hispanic CCS. METHODS One hundred ninety-three Los Angeles County CCS who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2007 (54% Hispanic; mean age 19.9 years, SD = 2.8; mean age at diagnosis = 12.1, SD = 3.0; mean years since diagnosis = 7.8, SD = 2.0) provided self-reported information on substance use, demographics, clinical factors, religiosity, and depressive symptoms. Risk and protective factors for substance use were examined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalence of 30-day substance use was 11%, 25%, and 14% for tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, respectively. In controlled regression models, age was positively associated with tobacco use, binge drinking, and polysubstance use (use of at least two of the three substances). Male gender, higher depressive symptoms, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with greater marijuana use. In addition, religiosity was negatively associated with the use of all substances. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rates for substance use in this ethnically diverse representative sample of CCS are lower than those observed in the general population. Older CCS were at higher risk of substance use, and depression was associated with greater marijuana use. No differences by ethnicity were observed. Interventions for substance use prevention/cessation among CCS may be most effective if implemented before the age of 21 years and address mental health as part of survivorship care. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Milam
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rhona Slaughter
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Meeske
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anamara Ritt-Olson
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David R Freyer
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ann S Hamilton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cretacci MA. Religion and Social Control: An Application of a Modified Social Bond on Violence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/073401680302800204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The central question explored in this article is whether the elements of a revised social bond, which includes religion, will have an impact on violence across developmental stages. Tests of social control theory are numerous, but criticism centers on the fact that the theory has limited explanatory power. Further, although social control theory is a popular theory, it was created without addressing a control whose importance was suggested by several of the authors from whom Hirschi borrowed—religion. The current study includes such measures in an attempt to determine whether the theory should be expanded when examining violence. The results indicate that social control theory is a poor explanation of violence. Specifically, only peer commitment was found to be significant for early adolescents. In addition, only school attachment, belief, and school and peer commitment were found to be significant for the middle developmental stage. Further, only school attachment and school commitment attained significance for late adolescents. Finally, the assertion that religion should be added to the social bond for the modeling of violence was not supported in this study, and further research is needed to ascertain the importance of such an addition.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
This exploratory study examined religious identity among Christian Korean-American adolescents. Marcia's 1966 model of identity formation, which conceptualizes identity along dimensions of exploration and commitment, provided the framework for the current study. 49 participants, between the ages of 14 and 19 years, completed the Duke Religion Index, the religion items from the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, the Pan-denominational Measure of Personal Devotion and Personal Conservatism, and six questions assessing perceived parental involvement. Analysis indicated that high scores on Organizational and Intrinsic Religiosity were positively correlated with the commitment statuses of Achievement and Foreclosure and negatively correlated with the noncommitment statuses of Moratorium and Diffusion. Also high scores on perceived parental involvement were positively correlated with the nonexploration status of Foreclosure and negatively correlated with the exploration status of Moratorium. Overall, the study provided a general portrait and initial examination of the formation of religious identity in a sample of Christian Korean-American adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Box 102, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Storch EA, Storch JB. Organizational, Nonorganizational, and Intrinsic Religiosity and Academic Dishonesty. Psychol Rep 2016; 88:548-52. [PMID: 11351905 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was a preliminary examination of the relations among the Organizational, Nonorganizational, and Intrinsic dimensions of religiosity and academic dishonesty. 244 college students completed the Duke Religion Index and nine questions assessing academic dishonesty. Analysis indicated that (1) regardless of sex, High Nonorganizational and Intrinsic religiosity was associated with lower reported rates of academic dishonesty, and (2) there was an interaction between Organizational religiosity and sex, with High Organizational women and men reporting similar rates of academic dishonesty. Furthermore, the frequency of academic dishonesty reported by High Organizational women was higher than the rates reported by Moderate and Minimal Organizational women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Storch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, Box 57, 525 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hatch SL. Economic Stressors, Social Integration, and Drug Use among Women in an Inner City Community. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260703700202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article uses data from a study of 122 adult women drug users residing in the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area to identify associations between economic stressors related to occupying disadvantaged statuses, institutional integration, and drug use. The data stem from targeted sampling and ethnographic mapping procedures. The findings suggest that experiencing stressors related to economic circumstance and daily subsistence increased the likelihood of drug use. Results also indicate religious involvement and kinship networks are independently and negatively associated with drug use, but fail to reduce the negative effects of economic stressors on drug use. The author suggests that institutional integration, however limited, may be a formidable deterrent to drug use. Continued identification of multi-level integration sources may inform drug treatment approaches in community programs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Braun B, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Gaming and Religion: The Impact of Spirituality and Denomination. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1464-1471. [PMID: 26590569 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A previous investigation from Korea indicated that religion might modulate gaming behavior (Kim and Kim in J Korean Acad Nurs 40:378-388, 2010). Our present study aimed to investigate whether a belief in God, practicing religious behavior and religious denomination affected gaming behavior. Data were derived from a Western cohort of young men (Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors, n = 5990). The results showed that a stronger belief in God was associated with lower gaming frequency and smaller game addiction scale scores. In addition, practicing religiosity was related to less frequent online and offline gaming. Finally, Christians gamed less frequently and had lower game addiction scale scores than subjects without religious denomination. In the future, these results could prove useful in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for the Internet gaming disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jones DJ. HIV Risk-Reduction Strategies for Substance Abusers: Effecting Behavior Change. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798403259246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse has a strong link to HIV/AIDS in the United States. Use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs often reduce inhibitions and encourage engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors that can ultimately result in HIV and AIDS. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States has disproportionately affected minorities with African Americans being the group hardest hit. This article presents some of the behavioral, social, and psychological factors that influence the risk for drug use. It highlights and assesses the effectiveness of HIV risk-reduction strategies developed for drug-using populations and makes recommendations for a more holistic and integrated approach utilizing multiple interventions at multiple levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionne J. Jones
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Although much has been written about the importance of assessment and intervention related to the patient's spiritual or religious needs, there is little understanding of the influence that the health care provider's religiosity has on the care they deliver to patients. This concept analysis of religiosity uses Rodger's evolutionary methodology to begin to develop an understanding about the definition of religiosity in health care in order to provide a basis for continued exploration of the articulation between patient and provider religiosity, particularly as it relates to nursing. This review found that there are many instruments for assessing and measuring religiosity and that they are used in varying ways. There is considerable consistency related to a definition of religiosity that includes religious affiliation, religious activity, and religious belief.
Collapse
|
50
|
Tan MM, Chan CKY, Reidpath DD. Religiosity, dietary habit, intake of fruit and vegetable, and vegetarian status among Seventh-Day Adventists in West Malaysia. J Behav Med 2016; 39:675-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|