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Wilds KM, Riddell JR. Cannabis Policy and Consumption: Taking into account Substitution Effects. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:97-109. [PMID: 37781770 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2262012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies examining the cannabis-alcohol substitution effect have found that medical cannabis policies may result in substituting the use of cannabis in place of alcohol use. Objectives: This study adds to the literature on cannabis-alcohol substitution by analyzing the effect of decriminalization, medicinal cannabis, and adult-use legalization cannabis policies (2002-2019) on cannabis and alcohol use and substance substitution for all 50 states and the District of Columbia (N=867). Results: Results support the notion that liberalized cannabis policies can increase the prevalence of cannabis use. An adult-use legalization specific analysis yielded findings suggesting a complex and heterogenous effect of such laws on cannabis-alcohol complementation. Conclusion: Given the lack of clarity and heterogenous effects of cannabis laws, policy makers should carefully take into consideration the benefits of medical cannabis laws, along with the risks of decriminalization and adult-use legalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Wilds
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States
| | - Jordan R Riddell
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Missouri State University, Springfield, United States
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2
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Giltvedt K, Voutour LS, Tursellino B, Zella A, Brasser SM, Hong MY. Effects of moderate ethanol consumption as a function of n-6:n-3 dietary ratio on lipid profile, inflammation, and liver function in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2022; 14:200132. [PMID: 35602851 PMCID: PMC9120064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2022.200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Giltvedt
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Luciano S. Voutour
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Brianna Tursellino
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Alexandra Zella
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Susan M. Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Corresponding author. School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-7251.
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Leong C, Bolton JM, Ekuma O, Prior HJ, Singal D, Nepon J, Konrad G, Paillé M, Finlayson G, Nickel N. Association of alcohol use disorder on alcohol-related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease and death: a population-based, matched cohort study. Addiction 2022; 117:368-381. [PMID: 34286922 DOI: 10.1111/add.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol-related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD). DESIGN Retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. Rates were modeled using generalized linear models with either negative binomial distribution or Poisson distribution and a log offset of person-years to account for each person's time to follow-up. SETTING Manitoba, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged ≥ 12 years with a first indication of AUD (index date) between 1 April 1990 and 31 March 2015 were matched to five controls based on age, sex and geographical region at index. This study included 53 410 individuals with AUD and 264 857 matched controls. MEASUREMENTS Adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for each outcome from 5 years prior to and 20 years after AUD detection. FINDINGS Alcohol-related cancers (aRR = 4.85, 95% CI = 3.88-6.07 and aRR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.53 for men and women, respectively), diabetes (aRR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.50-2.02 and aRR = 2.43, 95% CI = 2.20-2.68) and IHD (aRR = 3.59, 95% CI = 3.31-3.90 and aRR = 2.92, 95% CI = 2.50-3.41) peaked in the 1 year prior to index for those with AUD compared with matched controls. All-cause mortality (aRR = 3.31, 95% CI = 3.09-3.55 and aRR =3.61, 95% CI = 3.21-4.04) was highest in the year of index and remained higher among cases compared with controls throughout the 20-year follow-up. CONCLUSION People with alcohol use disorder appear to have higher rates of adverse health outcomes in the year before alcohol use disorder recognition, and death at the time of alcohol use disorder recognition, compared with matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Leong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James M Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Okechukwu Ekuma
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heather J Prior
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Deepa Singal
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Josh Nepon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Paillé
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Greg Finlayson
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nathan Nickel
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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4
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Veerbeek MA, Ten Have M, van Dorsselaer SA, Oude Voshaar RC, Rhebergen D, Willemse BM. Differences in alcohol use between younger and older people: Results from a general population study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 202:18-23. [PMID: 31284118 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of problematic alcohol use is mainly focused on younger adults, while heavy drinking in middle-aged and older adults might be more frequent with more impact on functioning and health care use. Therefore, alcohol use and alcohol disorder in both age groups was compared. To facilitate age-specific prevention, it was examined whether risk factors of heavy drinking and impact on functioning and health care use differs across the life-span. METHODS Data of people (23-70 years) were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (N = 4618), a general population-based cohort. Heavy alcohol use was defined as >14 drinks/week for women and >21 drinks/week for men. Alcohol disorder was defined as DSM-IV disorder of alcohol abuse and/or alcohol dependence. (Multinomial) logistic regression analyses were used to study risk factors of alcohol use and associations between alcohol use and health care use and functioning. RESULTS The past-year prevalence of heavy alcohol was higher in older (55-70 years) compared to younger people (6.7% versus 3.8%), whereas alcohol disorder was less prevalent (1.3% versus 3.9%). Heavy alcohol use was associated with higher level of education in older adults compared to younger adults. Other characteristics of problematic alcohol use and its impact on functioning and health care use did not differ between age groups. CONCLUSIONS Heavy drinking is more prevalent among middle-aged and older people. Contrary to younger adults, prevention of heavy alcohol use in those aged 55-70 should focus on higher educated people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margreet Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Research and Innovation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zoladz PR, Eisenmann ED, Rose RM, Kohls BA, Johnson BL, Robinson KL, Heikkila ME, Mucher KE, Huntley MR. Predator-based psychosocial stress model of PTSD differentially influences voluntary ethanol consumption depending on methodology. Alcohol 2018; 70:33-41. [PMID: 29775837 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychological disorder typified by diagnostic symptom clusters including hyperarousal, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and intrusive re-experiencing of the traumatic event. Patients with PTSD have been reported to self-medicate with alcohol to ameliorate hyperarousal symptoms associated with the disorder. Research utilizing rodent models of PTSD to emulate this behavioral phenomenon has thus far yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, we examined the effects of a predator-based psychosocial stress model of PTSD on voluntary ethanol consumption. In the first of two experiments, following exposure to a 31-day stress or control paradigm, rats were singly housed during the dark cycle with free access to 1% sucrose solution or 10% ethanol, which was also sweetened with 1% sucrose. Over the course of a 20-day period of ethanol access, stressed rats consumed significantly less ethanol than non-stressed rats. These counterintuitive results prompted the completion of a second experiment which was identical to the first, except rats were also exposed to the two-bottle paradigm for 20 days before the stress or control paradigm. In the second experiment, after the stress manipulation, stressed rats exhibited significantly greater ethanol preference than non-stressed rats. These findings suggest that prior exposure to ethanol influences the subsequent effect of stress on ethanol intake. They also validate the use of the present model of PTSD to examine potential mechanisms underlying stress-related changes in ethanol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Zoladz
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA.
| | - Eric D Eisenmann
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Robert M Rose
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Brooke A Kohls
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Brandon L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Kiera L Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Megan E Heikkila
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Kasey E Mucher
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Madelaine R Huntley
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
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6
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The role of sphingolipids in psychoactive drug use and addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:651-672. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Klarich DS, Penprase J, Cintora P, Medrano O, Erwin D, Brasser SM, Hong MY. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on gene expression related to colonic inflammation and antioxidant enzymes in rats. Alcohol 2017; 61:25-31. [PMID: 28599714 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.02.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor associated with colorectal cancer; however, some studies have reported that moderate alcohol consumption may not contribute additional risk for developing colorectal cancer while others suggest that moderate alcohol consumption provides a protective effect that reduces colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of moderate voluntary alcohol (20% ethanol) intake on alternate days for 3 months in outbred Wistar rats on risk factors associated with colorectal cancer development. Colonic gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2, RelA, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase M1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 were determined. Blood alcohol content, liver function enzyme activities, and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts were also assessed. Alcohol-treated rats were found to have significantly lower 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine levels in blood, a marker of DNA damage. Alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were both significantly lower in the alcohol group. Moderate alcohol significantly decreased cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression, an inflammatory marker associated with colorectal cancer risk. The alcohol group had significantly increased glutathione-S-transferase M1 expression, an antioxidant enzyme that helps detoxify carcinogens, such as acetaldehyde, and significantly increased aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 expression, which allows for greater acetaldehyde clearance. Increased expression of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 likely contributed to reduce mucosal damage that is caused by acetaldehyde accumulation. These results indicate that moderate alcohol may reduce the risk for colorectal cancer development, which was evidenced by reduced inflammation activity and lower DNA damage after alcohol exposure.
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Rafferty E, Bonner WIA, Code J, McBride K, Andkhoie M, Tikoo R, McClean S, Dell C, Szafron M, Farag M. Factors influencing risky single occasion drinking in Canada and policy implications. Arch Public Health 2017; 75:22. [PMID: 28515907 PMCID: PMC5430596 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misuse of alcohol, including single risky occasion drinking (RSOD) is associated with a number of health, social and economic consequences. While research demonstrates that many factors contribute to individuals' drinking practices, little is known about risk factors that contribute to RSOD in the Canadian population. The objectives of this study are to examine the patterns of RSOD in Canada, to identify factors associated with RSOD, and to explore policy implications. METHODS The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2009-2010 annual component was used to conduct all the analyses in this paper. We used two models: (1) a binary logistic regression model, and (2) a multinomial logistic regression model, to identify factors that were significantly associated with our dependent variables, RSOD engagement and frequency of RSOD, respectively. RESULTS Daily smokers were 6.20 times more likely to engage in frequent RSOD than those who never smoke. Males were 4.69 times more likely to engage in risky RSOD. We also found significant associations between the frequency of RSOD and Province/Territory of residence, income and education, marital status and perceived health status. Finally, stress was associated with engaging in infrequent RSOD. CONCLUSIONS Our finding associating daily smoking with risk alcohol intake specifically suggests the possibility of combining public health interventions for both. The study findings also indicate that education is a protective factor, further supporting the role of education as a major determinant of health. The significant provincial variation we found also point to the need to study this issue further and understand the links between provincial level policies and RSOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rafferty
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | | | - Jillian Code
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Keely McBride
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Mustafa Andkhoie
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Richa Tikoo
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Stephanie McClean
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Colleen Dell
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, 1019 - 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5 Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Giordano FM, Lucarini S, Diamantini G, Falcieri E. Further Highlighting on the Prevention of Oxidative Damage by Polyphenol-Rich Wine Extracts. J Med Food 2017; 20:410-419. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Diamantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Hong SH, Lee H, Lee HJ, Kim B, Nam MH, Shim BS, Kim SH. Ethanol Extract ofPinus koraiensisLeaf Ameliorates Alcoholic Fatty Liver via the Activation of LKB1-AMPK SignalingIn VitroandIn Vivo. Phytother Res 2017; 31:783-791. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Hong
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Bum-Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
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Martinotti G, Lupi M, Carlucci L, Santacroce R, Cinosi E, Acciavatti T, Sarchione F, Verrastro V, Diotaiuti P, Petruccelli I, Ferrari S, Nanni MG, Pinna F, Volpe U, Saggino A, Janiri L, Leggio L, Di Giannantonio M. Alcohol drinking patterns in young people: A survey-based study. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1889-1896. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105316667795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking represents a major clinical and public health concern. Here, we investigated the prevalence of binge drinking and its related consequences, in a population of young adults. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 4275 healthy subjects. In the overall sample, the percentage of binge drinkers was 67.6 per cent; among regular alcohol users, 79.5 per cent reported episodes of binge drinking. Among binge drinkers, several serious consequences were identified (staggering and stuttering, amnesia, loss of control, aggressiveness, sexual disinhibition). Raising awareness about the seriousness of binge drinking may help health care providers to identify cases early on and provide appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Leggio
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), USA
- Brown University, USA
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12
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Chronic Moderate Alcohol Intakes Accelerate SR-B1 Mediated Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33032. [PMID: 27618957 PMCID: PMC5020497 DOI: 10.1038/srep33032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for all animal life. However, a high level of cholesterol in the body is strongly associated with the progression of various severe diseases. In our study, the potential involvement of alcohol in the regulation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B and type I (SR-B1)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport was investigated. We separated male C57BL/6 mice into four diets: control, alcohol, Control + HC and alcohol + HC. The SR-B1 level and 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate- high- density lipoprotein (DiI-HDL) uptake were also measured in AML12 cells and HL7702 cells treated with alcohol. The control + HC diet led to increased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels while alcohol + HC led no significant change. Compared with that of the control group, the SR-B1 mRNA level was elevated by 27.1% (P < 0.05), 123.8% (P < 0.001) and 343.6% (P < 0.001) in the alcohol, control + HC and alcohol + HC groups, respectively. In AML12 and HL7702 cells, SR-B1 level and DiI-HDL uptake were repressed by SR-B1 siRNA or GW9662. However, these effects were reversed through alcohol treatment. These data suggest that a moderate amount of alcohol plays a novel role in reverse cholesterol transport, mainly mediated by PPARγ and SR-B1.
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Abstract
A light-to-moderate wine consumption has been shown to provide several beneficial effects on the skeletal system, including reduced risk of bone mass loss and fractures. Wine is rich in phenolic compounds, strong phytoestrogens and natural antioxidants, to which bone protection is mainly attributed. The objective of this review was to give an overview of the exact mechanisms by which wine consumption is involved in bone protection. We found a great variety of in vitro research on the beneficial effects of isolated wine phenolics on the skeletal system, with a significant lack of evidence of their in vivo effects. In addition, we found almost no studies investigating how wine, a mixture of these phenolics dissolved in ethanol, affects the skeletal system. Our results warrant further research on this interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Kutleša
- Orthopedic Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Danijela Budimir Mršić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Godfrey J, Jeanguenin L, Castro N, Olney JJ, Dudley J, Pipkin J, Walls SM, Wang W, Herr DR, Harris GL, Brasser SM. Chronic Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Induces Favorable Ceramide Profiles in Selectively Bred Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139012. [PMID: 26405804 PMCID: PMC4583526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption has detrimental neurologic effects, inducing widespread neuronal loss in both fetuses and adults. One proposed mechanism of ethanol-induced cell loss with sufficient exposure is an elevation in concentrations of bioactive lipids that mediate apoptosis, including the membrane sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine. While these naturally-occurring lipids serve as important modulators of normal neuronal development, elevated levels resulting from various extracellular insults have been implicated in pathological apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Prior work has shown that acute administration of ethanol to developing mice increases levels of ceramide in multiple brain regions, hypothesized to be a mediator of fetal alcohol-induced neuronal loss. Elevated ceramide levels have also been implicated in ethanol-mediated neurodegeneration in adult animals and humans. Here, we determined the effect of chronic voluntary ethanol consumption on lipid profiles in brain and peripheral tissues from adult alcohol-preferring (P) rats to further examine alterations in lipid composition as a potential contributor to ethanol-induced cellular damage. P rats were exposed for 13 weeks to a 20% ethanol intermittent-access drinking paradigm (45 ethanol sessions total) or were given access only to water (control). Following the final session, tissues were collected for subsequent chromatographic analysis of lipid content and enzymatic gene expression. Contrary to expectations, ethanol-exposed rats displayed substantial reductions in concentrations of ceramides in forebrain and heart relative to non-exposed controls, and modest but significant decreases in liver cholesterol. qRT-PCR analysis showed a reduction in the expression of sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase (Degs2), an enzyme involved in de novo ceramide synthesis. These findings indicate that ethanol intake levels achieved by alcohol-preferring P rats as a result of chronic voluntary exposure may have favorable vs. detrimental effects on lipid profiles in this genetic line, consistent with data supporting beneficial cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of moderate ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Godfrey
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Jeanguenin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Norma Castro
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Olney
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Dudley
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Pipkin
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley M. Walls
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Greg L. Harris
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMB); (GLH)
| | - Susan M. Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMB); (GLH)
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Pujadas M, Mustata C, Menoyo E, Pastor A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Ethanol induces hydroxytyrosol formation in humans. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Yang JY, Xue X, Tian H, Wang XX, Dong YX, Wang F, Zhao YN, Yao XC, Cui W, Wu CF. Role of microglia in ethanol-induced neurodegenerative disease: Pathological and behavioral dysfunction at different developmental stages. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:321-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kachadourian LK, Pilver CE, Potenza MN. Trauma, PTSD, and binge and hazardous drinking among women and men: findings from a national study. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 55:35-43. [PMID: 24838049 PMCID: PMC4094352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are differentially associated with binge and hazardous patterns of drinking among women and men. METHODS Secondary analysis of the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC); the analytic sample included 31,487 respondents (54.6% female) without past-year alcohol abuse/dependence. Participants' trauma-exposure/PTSD status was characterized as: no exposure to trauma in lifetime (reference), lifetime trauma exposure, PTSD before past-year, or past-year PTSD. Past-year binge and hazardous drinking were examined with multinomial logistic regression models (past-year abstinence was modeled as the non-event); models included the main effects of trauma-exposure/PTSD status and gender, the trauma-exposure/PTSD status-by-gender interaction, psychiatric comorbidity, and socio-demographic covariates. RESULTS The gender-specific effects of trauma, before past-year PTSD, and past-year PTSD were significantly elevated for all drinking behaviors in women (range of odds ratios (ORs) = 1.8-4.8), and for some drinking behaviors in men (range of ORs = 1.3-2.0), relative to no trauma exposure. Trauma exposure was more strongly associated with high-frequency binge drinking, low-frequency binge drinking, and non-binge drinking among women as compared to men. Past-year PTSD was also more strongly associated with low-frequency binge drinking and non-binge drinking among women compared to men. Findings for hazardous drinking followed a similar pattern, with significant gender-related differences in ORs for hazardous drinking and non-hazardous drinking observed with respect to trauma exposure and past-year PTSD.. CONCLUSION Mental health practitioners should be mindful of the extent to which trauma-exposed individuals both with and without PTSD engage in binge and hazardous drinking, given the negative consequences associated with these patterns of drinking..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorig K. Kachadourian
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System,Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Corey E. Pilver
- Yale University School of Medicine,Yale School of Public Health
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Kane JC, Rapaport C, Zalta AK, Canetti D, Hobfoll SE, Hall BJ. Regular drinking may strengthen the beneficial influence of social support on depression: findings from a representative Israeli sample during a period of war and terrorism. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 140:175-82. [PMID: 24838033 PMCID: PMC5014386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is consistently associated with reduced risk of depression. Few studies have investigated how this relationship may be modified by alcohol use, the effects of which may be particularly relevant in traumatized populations in which rates of alcohol use are known to be high. METHODS In 2008 a representative sample of 1622 Jewish and Palestinian citizens in Israel were interviewed by phone at two time points during a period of ongoing terrorism and war threat. Two multivariable mixed effects regression models were estimated to measure the longitudinal association of social support from family and friends on depression symptoms. Three-way interaction terms between social support, alcohol use and time were entered into the models to test for effect modification. RESULTS Findings indicated that increased family social support was associated with less depression symptomatology (p=<.01); this relationship was modified by alcohol use and time (p=<.01). Social support from friends was also associated with fewer depression symptoms (p=<.01) and this relationship was modified by alcohol use and time as well (p=<.01). Stratified analyses in both models revealed that the effect of social support was stronger for those who drank alcohol regularly than those who did not drink or drank rarely. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that social support is a more important protective factor for depression among regular drinkers than among those who do not drink or drink rarely in the context of political violence. Additional research is warranted to determine whether these findings are stable in other populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Kane
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Carmit Rapaport
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd, Suite 600, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd, Suite 400, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Daphna Canetti
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Stevan E Hobfoll
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd, Suite 400, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Brian J Hall
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomas Pereira, Taipa, Macau.
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Khoo CM, Tan MLS, Wu Y, Wai DCH, Subramaniam T, Tai ES, Lee J. Prevalence and Control of Hypercholesterolaemia as Defi ned by NCEP-ATPIII Guidelines and Predictors of LDL-C Goal Attainment in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2013. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v42n8p379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Few studies in Asia have assessed the burden of hypercholesterolaemia based on the global cardiovascular risk assessment. This study determines the burden of hypercholesterolaemia in an Asian population based on the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) guidelines, and examines predictors of low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C) goal attainment. Materials and Methods: Five thousand and eighty-three Chinese, Malays and Asian-Indians living in Singapore were assigned to coronary heart disease (CHD)-risk category based on the NCEP-ATPIII guidelines. Awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolaemia based on risk-specific LDL-C goal were determined, including the use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Cox-regression models were used to identify predictors of LDL-C above goal among those who were aware and unaware of hypercholesterolaemia. Results: One thousand fi ve hundred and sixty-eight (30.8%) participants were aware of hypercholesterolaemia and 877 (17.3%) were newly diagnosed (unaware). For those who were aware, 39.3% participants received LLT. Among those with 2 risk factors, only 59.7% attained LDL-C goal. The majority of them were taking statin monotherapy, and the median dose of statins was similar across all CHD risk categories. Among participants with 2 risk factors and not receiving LLT, 34.1% would require LLT. Malays or Asian-Indians, higher CHD risk category, increasing body mass index (BMI), current smoking and lower education status were associated with higher risk of LDL-C above goal. Being on LLT reduced the risk of having LDL-C above goal. Conclusion: The burden of hypercholesterolaemia is high in this multi-ethnic population especially those in the higher CHD risk categories, and might be partly contributed by inadequate titration of statins therapy. Raising awareness of hypercholesterolaemia, appropriate LLT initiation and titration, weight management and smoking cessation may improve LDL-C goal attainment in this population.
Key words: Asians, Awareness, Cholesterol, Goal attainment, Prevalence ratio, Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maudrene LS Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Wu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - E Shyong Tai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeannette Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Comijs HC, Aartsen MJ, Visser M, Deeg DJH. [Alcohol consumption among persons aged 55+ in The Netherlands]. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 43:115-126. [PMID: 22826913 DOI: 10.1007/s12439-012-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In The Netherlands no detailed information about alcohol consumption among older persons (55 years and older) is available. Therefore we investigated the prevalence and determinants of alcohol consumption with data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. The results show that 13.4% of persons of 55 years and older are heavy drinkers (male >3 glasses per day, female >2 glasses per day). Most heavy drinkers are younger than 75 years of age, and in this age group more female (22.2%) than male (14.8%) are heavy drinkers. 13% of all participants frequently drinks 6 or more glasses in a short period of time (binge drinking). In the age group of 55-65 years alcohol consumption has considerably increased over a period of ten years. This increase is stronger among females than among males. When people grow older alcohol consumption decreases, which seems associated with a decline in physical or psychological health and/or cognitive decline. Heavy and binge drinking is associated with younger age, higher education and income, and may be strongly related to their social lifes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Comijs
- EMGO Instituut voor Gezondheid en Zorg Onderzoek, Afdeling Psychiatrie, VU Medisch Centrum en GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam.
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Lee CW, Yen FL, Huang HW, Wu TH, Ko HH, Tzeng WS, Lin CC. Resveratrol nanoparticle system improves dissolution properties and enhances the hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4662-4671. [PMID: 22480310 DOI: 10.1021/jf2050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES), a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, is abundant in red wine and exerts numerous pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotection and cadioprotection. Unfortunately, RES is restricted in clinical application due to poor dissolution property and adsorption. In addition, red wine as a supplement for preventing disease is not recommended for patients with alcohol-related disorders. To address these limitations, we successfully developed a novel RES nanoparticle system (RESN) and demonstrated that RESN could circumvent the physicochemical drawbacks of raw RES with respect to dissolution, such as the reduction of particle size, amorphous transformation, and hydrogen-bond formation. In addition, we employed an animal model of CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity to estimate the potential of the nanoparticle formulation to improve the hepatoprotective effect of orally administered RES. Our results demonstrated that RESN can diminish liver function markers (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) by decreasing hepatocyte death due to CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, when compared with RES administration. The effect was achieved by reducing oxidative stress (decreased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation) and lowering inflammatory cytokines (decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β) and protein expression (cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and caspase-3). In conclusion, enhancement of the dissolution of RES through a nanoparticle engineering process can result in increased hepatoprotective effects mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Consequently, we suggest that RESN deserves further study, perhaps in prophylaxis of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Yao P, Song F, Li K, Zhou S, Liu S, Sun X, Nussler AK, Liu L. Ginkgo bilobaExtract Prevents Ethanol Induced Dyslipidemia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 35:643-52. [PMID: 17708630 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) functions as a natural substantial antioxidant and hypolipidemic. Chronic alcohol abuse leads to sustained dyslipidemia characterized by hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation. Thus, the present study investigates the effect of EGB on lipid disorders induced by ethanol in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with ethanol (2.4 g/kg), and pretreated with a daily dose of low or high EGB (48 or 96 mg/kg, respectively). During the experiment, serum was collected on day 30, 60, and 90. Serum lipid profile, including lipid peroxidation, was determined by colorimetric methods. Our data showed that ethanol intake resulted in a time-dependent increase in serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and a decrease of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) against TC. EGB prophylactic medication (48 and 96 mg/kg), especially at the high dose, significantly increased HDL-C content, and normalized the abnormal lipid profile and peroxidation in comparison to ethanol-fed only rats. These results suggest that ethanol results in time-dependent hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and promotes serum lipid peroxidation. EGB pretreatment prevents hyperlipidemia and ameliorates lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Ross A, Jackson M. Investigating the theory of planned behaviour’s application to binge drinking among university students. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2012.661024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
While a significant body of literature documents the health problems of children caused by and/or associated with parental alcohol misuse, little research has been conducted on the relationship between parental problem drinking and children's use of health care. We should expect to see an increase in children's health care if alcohol-misusing parents were responsive to their children's higher physical and mental health needs. Contrarily, it would decrease (conditional on health status) if alcohol-misusing parents were irresponsive to those needs. Analyzing a nationally representative sample of parents and children, we find a positive and significant association between parental high intensity drinking and pediatric visits for their children.We also find evidence linking parental drinking to more emergency room use. These findings suggest that the impact of parental drinking on child wellbeing should be considered when assessing the full costs of alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Balsa
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Yin P, Wu F, Zhao W. Drinking behaviour among men and women in China: the 2007 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. Addiction 2011; 106:1946-56. [PMID: 21771141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To obtain information on drinking behaviour and to examine the associations between frequency of drinking, usual daily drinking quantity and binge drinking behaviour among Chinese residents aged 15-69 years. DESIGN A multi-stage clustering sampling method was used to select a nationally representative sample and data were collected as part of the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance by face-to-face interview. SETTING Respondents were selected randomly from 160 counties/districts scattered over 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities between August and October, 2007. PARTICIPANTS Weighted analyses included 49,527 Chinese residents (aged 15-69 years). MEASUREMENTS Prevalence of current drinking and usual daily quantity, median number of annual binge drinking episodes, proportions of excessive drinking, frequent drinking and binge drinking among current drinkers were the main measurements. RESULTS The prevalence of male, female and total current drinking was 55.6%, 15.0% and 35.7%, respectively. On average, male drinkers consumed 47.8 g alcohol per drinking day, whereas females consumed 19.1 g. The median numbers of annual binge drinking episodes were 5.6 for male drinkers and 2.4 for females. Among the current drinkers, proportions of excessive drinking, frequent dinking and binge drinking were 62.7%, 26.3%, 57.3% for men and 51.0%, 7.8%, 26.6% for women, respectively. Logistic regressions showed that binge drinking was associated strongly with drinking frequency and drinking quantity increased with drinking frequency for both genders. CONCLUSIONS Excessive drinking, frequent drinking and binge drinking behaviour have reached epidemic proportions among current drinkers in China, and culturally appropriate public health strategies to reduce hazardous drinking behaviour are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichong Li
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Oh HM, Kim SH, Kang SG, Park SJ, Song SW. The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function. Korean J Fam Med 2011; 32:358-66. [PMID: 22745874 PMCID: PMC3383144 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2011.32.6.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome has been reported to have adverse effects on cognitive function, although the results are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in elderly Korean participants older than 60 years. Methods We examined elderly participants who visited the health promotion center in Gyeonggi-do province. We categorized the participants into two groups based on the presence of metabolic syndrome (48 participants in the metabolic syndrome group and 45 in the control group). Cognitive function was assessed in all participants using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K). Results Compared with those without metabolic syndrome, participants with metabolic syndrome had lower mean total CERAD-K scores (64.2 ± 11.1 vs. 69.8 ± 9.2, P = 0.010). In the comparison of CERAD-K items, significantly lower scores were observed in the verbal fluency test, the construction recall test, the word list learning test, and trail making B in the group with metabolic syndrome. After controlling age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale of Korean, multiple regression analysis showed that metabolic syndrome was independently associated with cognitive function (P = 0.014). Alcohol intake (P = 0.002) and education years (P = 0.001) were also contributing factors to cognitive function. Conclusion This study found a significant relationship between cognitive function and metabolic syndrome. It will be necessary to perform a prospective study to determine whether metabolic syndrome causes cognitive dysfunction or if the correction of metabolic syndrome can improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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28
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Zaitune MPDA, Barros MBDA, César CLG, Carandina L, Goldbaum M, Alves MCGP. [Factors associated with global and leisure-time physical activity in the elderly: a health survey in São Paulo (ISA-SP), Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 26:1606-18. [PMID: 21229219 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010000800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of global and leisure-time physical activity and associated factors in the elderly. This was a population-based cross-sectional study covering a multiple-stage sample of 1,950 subjects 60 years or older living in areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Prevalence of global physical activity (assessed through the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ) was 73.9%, and prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 28.4%. The results highlight the differences between factors associated with global and leisure-time physical activities. The social groups most prone to overall sedentary lifestyle and especially to lack of leisure-time physical activity should be the main targets of health policies aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles.
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Park HS, Cho MH, Cho GY, Kim DH. A Comparison of Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy and Mental Health between Two Groups of Korean Nursing Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5977/jkasne.2011.17.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Denneson LM, Lasarev MR, Dickinson KC, Dobscha SK. Alcohol consumption and health status in very old veterans. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2011; 24:39-43. [PMID: 21156988 DOI: 10.1177/0891988710390814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has linked drinking with health, but has yet to address alcohol consumption and the relationship between drinking and health among very old veterans. To help fill this gap, the authors present a cross-sectional self-report study on 1105 veterans age 90 and older who completed the national Veteran's Affairs (VA) Survey of the Health Experiences of Patients (SHEP) for fiscal year (FY) 2005. Alcohol consumption was measured using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores (AUDIT-C). Health status was measured using the Veterans Rand Health Survey: VR-12. Among men (n = 1063), 60% were abstainers. No significant differences in mental health component (MCS; F(3,1040) = 1.80, P = .15) or physical health component (PCS; F(3,1040) = 1.48, P = .22) scores were detected across consumption categories. Among women (n = 42), 47% were abstainers. These results suggest many very old veterans abstain from alcohol and, among men, the associations between health status and drinking observed in younger groups may not be present in very old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Denneson
- Portland Center for Study of Chronic, Comorbid Physical and Mental Disorders, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
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Lê F, Ahern J, Galea S. Neighborhood education inequality and drinking behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 112:18-26. [PMID: 20541875 PMCID: PMC2967648 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neighborhood distribution of education (education inequality) may influence substance use among neighborhood residents. METHODS Using data from the New York Social Environment Study (conducted in 2005; n=4000), we examined the associations of neighborhood education inequality (measured using Gini coefficients of education) with alcohol use prevalence and levels of alcohol consumption among alcohol users. Analyses were adjusted for neighborhood education level, income level and income inequality, as well as for individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and history of drinking prior to residence in the current neighborhood. Neighborhood social norms about drinking were examined as a possible mediator. RESULTS In adjusted generalized estimating equation regression models, one-standard-deviation-higher education inequality was associated with 1.18 times higher odds of alcohol use (logistic regression odds ratio=1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.30) but 0.79 times lower average daily alcohol consumption among alcohol users (Poisson regression relative rate=0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.68-0.92). The results tended to differ in magnitude depending on respondents' individual educational levels. There was no evidence that these associations were mediated by social drinking norms, although norms did vary with education inequality. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence of a relation between education inequality and drinking behavior while illustrating the importance of considering different drinking outcomes and heterogeneity between neighborhood subgroups. Future research could fruitfully consider other potential mechanisms, such as alcohol availability or the role of stress; research that considers multiple mechanisms and their combined effects may be most informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félice Lê
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 101 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Barnes AJ, Moore AA, Xu H, Ang A, Tallen L, Mirkin M, Ettner SL. Prevalence and correlates of at-risk drinking among older adults: the project SHARE study. J Gen Intern Med 2010; 25:840-6. [PMID: 20396975 PMCID: PMC2896609 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-010-1341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At-risk drinking, excessive or potentially harmful alcohol use in combination with select comorbidities or medication use, affects about 10% of elderly adults and is associated with higher mortality. Yet, our knowledge is incomplete regarding the prevalence of different categories of at-risk drinking and their associations with patient demographics. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and correlates of different categories of at-risk drinking among older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data. SUBJECTS Current drinkers ages 60 and older accessing primary care clinics around Santa Barbara, California (n = 3,308). MEASUREMENTS At-risk drinkers were identified using the Comorbidity Alcohol Risk Evaluation Tool (CARET). At-risk alcohol use was categorized as alcohol use in the setting of 1) high-risk comorbidities or 2) high-risk medication use, and 3) excessive alcohol use alone. Adjusted associations of participant characteristics with at-risk drinking in each of the three at-risk categories and with at-risk drinking of any kind were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Over one-third of our sample (34.7%) was at risk. Among at-risk individuals, 61.9% had alcohol use in the context of high-risk comorbidities, 61.0% had high-risk medication use, and 64.3% had high-risk alcohol behaviors. The adjusted odds of at-risk drinking of any kind were decreased and significant for women (odds ratio, OR = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.48; p-value < 0.001), adults over age 80 (OR = 0.55; CI: 0.43-0.72; p < 0.001 vs. ages 60-64), Asians (OR = 0.40; CI: 0.20-0.80; p = 0.01 vs. Caucasians) and individuals with higher education levels. Similar associations were observed in all three categories of at-risk drinking. CONCLUSIONS High-risk alcohol use was common among older adults in this large sample of primary care patients, and male Caucasians, those ages 60-64, and those with lower levels of education were most likely to have high-risk alcohol use of any type. Our findings could help physicians identify older patients at increased risk for problems from alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, P.O. Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
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Guimarães VV, Florindo AA, Stopa SR, César CLG, Barros MBDA, Carandina L, Goldbaum M. Consumo abusivo e dependência de álcool em população adulta no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2010000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Descrever as prevalências de consumo abusivo e dependência de álcool em população adulta de 20 a 59 anos no Estado de São Paulo, e suas associações com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS: Inquérito domiciliar do tipo transversal (ISA-SP), em quatro áreas do Estado de São Paulo: a) Região Sudoeste da Grande São Paulo, constituída pelos Municípios de Taboão da Serra, Itapecerica da Serra e Embu; b) Distrito do Butantã, no Município de São Paulo; c) Município de Campinas e; d) Município de Botucatu. Foi considerado consumo abusivo de álcool a ingestão em dia típico de 30 gramas ou mais de etanol para os homens, e 24 gramas ou mais para as mulheres. A dependência de álcool foi caracterizada pelo questionário CAGE. Análises bivariadas e multivariadas dos dados foram realizadas a partir de Modelos de Regressão de Poisson. Todas as análises foram estratificadas por sexo. RESULTADOS: Em 1.646 adultos entrevistados, a prevalência de consumo abusivo de álcool foi de 52,9% no sexo masculino e 26,8% no sexo feminino. Quanto à dependência de álcool, foram observadas duas ou mais respostas positivas no teste CAGE em 14,8% dos homens e em 5,4% das mulheres que relataram consumir álcool. Isto corresponde a uma prevalência populacional de dependência de 10,4% nos homens e 2,6% nas mulheres. O consumo abusivo de álcool no sexo masculino apresentou associação inversa à faixa etária e associação direta à escolaridade e ao tabagismo. No sexo feminino, observou-se associação direta do consumo abusivo de álcool com a escolaridade e o tabagismo, e com as situações conjugais sem companheiro. A dependência de álcool no sexo masculino associou-se a não exercer atividade de trabalho e à baixa escolaridade. No sexo feminino não houve associação do CAGE com nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÕES: Pela alta prevalência de consumidores e dependentes, é essencial a identificação dos segmentos sociodemográficos mais vulneráveis ao consumo abusivo e dependência de álcool. As associações entre a dependência/abuso e não estar exercendo atividade de trabalho, no sexo masculino, e a maior prevalência em mulheres de escolaridade universitária, sugerem componentes para programas de intervenção e controle.
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Morita A, Takano T, Nakamura K, Kizuki M, Seino K. Contribution of interaction with family, friends and neighbours, and sense of neighbourhood attachment to survival in senior citizens: 5-year follow-up study. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:543-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Paradis C, Demers A, Picard E, Graham K. The importance of drinking frequency in evaluating individuals' drinking patterns: implications for the development of national drinking guidelines. Addiction 2009; 104:1179-84. [PMID: 19438417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper examines the relationship between frequency of drinking, usual daily consumption and frequency of binge drinking, taking into consideration possible age and gender differences. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN Subjects were 10 466 current drinkers (5743 women and 4723 men) aged between 18 and 76 years, who participated in the GENACIS Canada (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study) study. SETTING Canada. MEASUREMENTS The independent variable was the annual drinking frequency. The dependent variables were the usual daily quantity consumed, annual, monthly and weekly frequency of binge drinking (five drinks or more on one occasion). FINDINGS Logistic regressions show (i) that those who drink less than once a week are less likely than weekly drinkers to take more than two drinks when they do drink; (ii) that the usual daily quantity consumed by weekly drinkers is not related to their frequency of drinking; but that (iii) the risk and frequency of binge drinking increase with the frequency of drinking. CONCLUSIONS Given that risk and frequency of binge drinking among Canadians increases with their frequency of drinking, any public recommendation to drink moderately should be made with great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Paradis
- GRASP, Université de Montréal, Pavillon 7077 av. du Parc, Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Kaysen D, Pantalone DW, Chawla N, Lindgren KP, Clum GA, Lee C, Resick PA. Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and physical health concerns. J Behav Med 2008; 31:115-25. [PMID: 18095150 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-007-9140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PTSD is a risk factor for alcohol problems and both in turn have been independently associated with increased health problems. However, it is unclear whether alcohol use moderates the relationship between PTSD and health. Participants were battered women (N = 336) recruited from local domestic violence shelters and non-shelter victim-assistance agencies. A 2 (PTSD diagnosis) x 3 (abstainer, infrequent/light, regular/heavy drinking) ANCOVA was conducted, with injuries and length of abuse as covariates and health concerns as the dependent variable. Main effects for PTSD and alcohol use were significant but not the interaction. Women with PTSD reported the greatest number of health concerns. Women who abstained from drinking and those who drank regularly/heavily reported more health concerns than the infrequent/light drinkers. Health concerns associated with PTSD do not appear to be due to problem drinking. In addition, infrequent/light drinking, even for women with PTSD, may be associated with fewer health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Kaysen
- Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Brand R, Jendrzejewski J. Chronic ethanol ingestion alters xenobiotic absorption through the skin: Potential role of oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1940-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Romeo J, González-Gross M, Wärnberg J, Díaz LE, Marcos A. Effects of moderate beer consumption on blood lipid profile in healthy Spanish adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:365-372. [PMID: 17976963 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To analyse the association of moderate beer consumption on the blood lipid profile in healthy Spanish adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The study had an intervention longitudinal design in which each subject established their own control with a previous wash-out phase. After a 30-day alcohol abstinence period, 57 healthy volunteers were submitted to a daily moderate intake of beer for 30 days. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, GOT, GPT, GGT and glucose values, as well as blood erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit and MCV levels, together with anthropometric parameters were determined at the beginning of the study (baseline levels) (a), after 1 month of alcoholic abstinence (b) and after 1 month of moderate beer consumption (c). Dietary intake was assessed twice by a 7-day dietary record. HDL-cholesterol, erythrocytes, haematocrit and MCV levels increased significantly (p<0.05) after moderate beer consumption in women. In men, a decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels was observed after alcohol abstention. Haematocrit and MCV counts also increased significantly (p<0.05) in men after moderate beer consumption. There were no dietary changes during the study. CONCLUSION In healthy Spanish adults, the effects of moderate beer consumption during 1 month were associated with favourable changes on the blood lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Romeo
- Grupo Inmunonutrición, Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto del Frío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Genuis SJ, Schwalfenberg GK. Picking a bone with contemporary osteoporosis management: Nutrient strategies to enhance skeletal integrity. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:193-207. [PMID: 17046114 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic rates of osteoporosis in the western world have yielded intense efforts to develop management approaches to combat this potentially devastating disorder; recent research has unveiled innovative strategies which hold considerable promise for prevention of skeletal compromise and amelioration of suboptimal bone health. According to many algorithms and practice directives, the contemporary assessment and management of osteoporosis focuses heavily on determination of fracture risk and pharmaceutical intervention for those patients deemed to be at high risk. While routine recommendations for calcium and vitamin D have been incorporated into most regimens, disproportionately little attention has been given to recent research elucidating improved bone health and diminution in fracture rates experienced by patients receiving specific nutrients. In mainstream medical practice, clinical analysis and management of nutritional or dietary issues is sometimes perceived as unconventional, primitive or unsophisticated health care. Recent evidence-based research, however, supports intervention with adequate amounts of specific nutrients including vitamin D, strontium, vitamin K, and essential fatty acids in the prevention and primary management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Genuis
- University of Alberta, 2935-66 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6K 4C1.
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Di Gennaro C, Biggi A, Barilli AL, Fasoli E, Carra N, Novarini A, Delsignore R, Montanari A. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in long-term withdrawing alcoholics. J Hypertens 2007; 25:367-73. [PMID: 17211243 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328010929c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are greater in heavy alcoholics than in either teetotallers or light-to-moderate drinkers. OBJECTIVE On the assumption that factors leading to atherosclerotic damage remain operative even after long-term alcohol withdrawal, we studied the possible mechanisms of raised cardiovascular risk in former heavy alcoholics. METHODS Forty-two apparently disease-free, normotensive alcoholics detoxified for 37.1 +/- 31.9 (SD) months, median 24, participated in the study. They were compared with 39 lifetime alcohol-abstaining control subjects, carefully matched for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and dietary habits, physical activity, lipids and fasting glucose. Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery, high-resolution ultrasound technique), blood pressure, and some parameters of endothelial activation, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and insulin sensitivity were measured. RESULTS The maximal percentage of flow-mediated dilatation was reduced in detoxified alcoholics (10.1 +/- 4.6 versus 14.9 +/- 7.4, P < 0.001) who also showed significantly higher blood pressure (systolic 127.5 +/- 12.9 versus 118.2 +/- 10.7 mmHg, P < 0.001; diastolic 79.4 +/- 7.1 versus 74.6 +/- 6.4 mmHg, P < 0.01; mean 95.4 +/- 8.2 versus 89.1 +/- 7.3 mmHg, P < 0.001), uric acid (5.0 +/- 1.1 versus 4.4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl, P < 0.05), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.1 +/- 2.0 versus 1.0 +/- 0.9 mg/l, P < 0.01), endothelin-1 (0.38 +/- 0.11 versus 0.17 +/- 0.10 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and fasting insulin (10.4 +/- 4.5 versus 5.6 +/- 1.6 muU/ml, P < 0.001) with abnormal homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (2.3 +/- 1.1 versus 1.2 +/- 0.4, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Previous heavy alcoholism, in spite of long-term withdrawal, is associated with endothelial dysfunction and a wide cluster of haemodynamic, vascular and metabolic abnormalities that indicate an unfavourable cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile even in apparently disease-free former alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Di Gennaro
- Center for Study and Treatment of Alcoholism, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Scienze Biomediche, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Rossi MA, Prado CM. Cardiovascular risk factors: can long-term alcohol withdrawal benefit heavy drinkers? J Hypertens 2007; 25:285-8. [PMID: 17211233 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32801254a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Adams RE, Boscarino JA, Galea S. Alcohol use, mental health status and psychological well-being 2 years after the World Trade Center attacks in New York City. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2006; 32:203-24. [PMID: 16595324 PMCID: PMC2746081 DOI: 10.1080/00952990500479522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, studies have shown that survivors of community-wide disasters suffer from a variety of physical and mental health problems. Researchers also have documented increased substance use in the aftermath of these disasters. In the present study, we examined the relationship between alcohol use and mental health status within the context of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City (NYC). The data for the present report come from a 2-wave panel study of adults living in NYC on the day of the attacks. Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) interviews occurred one year and two years after the attacks, respectively. Overall, 2,368 individuals completed the W1 survey (cooperation rate, 63%) and 1,681 completed the W2 survey (re-interview rate, 71%). The alcohol use variables examined were binge drinking, alcohol dependence, increased days drinking, and increased drinks per day. The outcomes examined included measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, BSI-18-Global Severity and measures of SF12-mental and physical health status. After controlling for demographic, stress, and resource factors, multivariate logistic regressions indicated that all alcohol measures were related to one or more of these outcomes. In particular, binge drinking was related to partial PTSD, while alcohol dependence was associated subsyndromal PTSD, severity of PTSD, depression, BSI-18 global severity, and SF-12 poor mental health status. Increased post-disaster drinking was positively associated with subsyndromal PTSD and negatively associated with SF-12 physical health. We discuss reasons for these results and the negative consequences that heavy alcohol use may have on the postdisaster recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Adams
- Division of Health Policy, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A. Boscarino
- Center for Health Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Liu J, Cheng ML, Shi JZ, Yang Q, Wu J, Li CX, Waalkes MP. Differential effects between maotai and ethanol on hepatic gene expression in mice: Possible role of metallothionein and heme oxygenase-1 induction by maotai. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2006; 231:1535-41. [PMID: 17018877 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a risk factor for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, light alcoholic beverage consumption is believed to be beneficial because of the effects of both alcohol and nonalcoholic components of the beverage. Maotai is a commonly consumed beverage in China containing 53% alcohol. Epidemiological and experimental studies show that Maotai is less toxic to the liver than ethanol alone. To examine the differential effects of Maotai and ethanol, a low dose of Maotai or an equal amount of ethanol (53%, v/v in water, 5 ml/kg) were given to male mice daily for 1 week, and hepatic RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. Approximately 10% of genes on the liver-selective custom array (588 genes) were altered following Maotai or ethanol administration, but Maotai treated livers had fewer alterations compared with ethanol alone. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed and extended microarray results on selected genes. An induction of metallothionein and heme oxygenase-1 occurred with Maotai, which could not be explained by alcohol consumption alone, whereas the attenuation of ethanol responsive genes such as quinone dehydrogenase, DNA-ligase 1, IGFBP1, and IL-1beta suggests less liver injury occurred with Maotai. The expression of genes related to liver fibrosis, such as cytokeratin-18, was slightly increased by the high dose of ethanol, but was unchanged in the Maotai group. In summary, gene expression analysis indicates that Maotai induces a different response than ethanol alone. The dramatic induction of metallothionein and heme oxygenase-1 with Maotai could be important adaptive responses to reduce alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hormesis, the biological and toxicological concept that small quantities have opposite effects from large quantities, is reviewed with emphasis on its relevance to nutrition. RESULTS Hormetic and other dose-response relationships are categorized, depicted, and discussed. Evidence for nutritional hormesis is presented for essential vitamin and mineral nutrients, dietary restriction, alcohol (ethanol), natural dietary and some synthetic pesticides, some herbicides, and acrylamide. Some of the different hormetic mechanisms that have been proposed are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS The credence and relevance of hormesis to nutrition are considered to be established. The roles of hormesis in nutritional research and in formulating nutritional guidelines are discussed. SPONSORSHIP The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Hayes
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10007, USA.
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Wallner M, Hanchar HJ, Olsen RW. Low dose acute alcohol effects on GABA A receptor subtypes. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 112:513-28. [PMID: 16814864 PMCID: PMC2847605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) are the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and have long been implicated in mediating at least part of the acute actions of ethanol. For example, ethanol and GABAergic drugs including barbiturates and benzodiazepines share many pharmacological properties. Besides the prototypical synaptic GABA(A)R subtypes, nonsynaptic GABA(A)Rs have recently emerged as important regulators of neuronal excitability. While high doses (> or =100 mM) of ethanol have been reported to enhance activity of most GABA(A)R subtypes, most abundant synaptic GABA(A)Rs are essentially insensitive to ethanol concentrations that occur during social ethanol consumption (< 30 mM). However, extrasynaptic delta and beta3 subunit-containing GABA(A)Rs, associated in the brain with alpha4 or alpha6 subunits, are sensitive to low millimolar ethanol concentrations, as produced by drinking half a glass of wine. Additionally, we found that a mutation in the cerebellar alpha6 subunit (alpha6R100Q), initially reported in rats selectively bred for increased alcohol sensitivity, is sufficient to produce increased alcohol-induced motor impairment and further increases of alcohol sensitivity in recombinant alpha6beta3delta receptors. Furthermore, the behavioral alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513 blocks the low dose alcohol enhancement on alpha4/6/beta3delta receptors, without reducing GABA-induced currents. In binding assays alpha4beta3delta GABA(A)Rs bind [(3)H]Ro15-4513 with high affinity, and this binding is inhibited, in an apparently competitive fashion, by low ethanol concentrations, as well as analogs of Ro15-4513 that are active to antagonize ethanol or Ro15-4513's block of ethanol. We conclude that most low to moderate dose alcohol effects are mediated by alcohol actions on alcohol/Ro15-4513 binding sites on GABA(A)R subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard W. Olsen
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 310 825 5093; fax: +1 310 267 2003. (R.W. Olsen)
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Reid MC, Van Ness PH, Hawkins KA, Towle V, Concato J, Guo Z. Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with better cognitive function among older male veterans receiving primary care. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2006; 19:98-105. [PMID: 16690995 DOI: 10.1177/0891988706286513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among older persons, the effects of light to moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function remain inadequately defined. The authors sought to determine whether light to moderate drinking is associated with better cognitive function among older men. Participants included men aged 65 years or older enrolled in a Veteran's Administration (VA) primary care clinic. Current (past 1 year) and lifetime use, cognitive functioning (as determined by the Trail Making Part B, Symbol Digit, FAS, and Hopkins Verbal Learning tests), and demographic, psychosocial, and medical status were obtained using standardized methods. Participants (N = 760) had a mean age of 74 (range, 65-89) years. Current drinkers (n = 509) as compared with never (n = 31) and former (n = 220) drinkers demonstrated significantly better cognitive performance on 3 (Trails B, Symbol Digit, and Hopkins Verbal Learning) of the 4 tests (P < .01 for all comparisons). In multiple linear regression models, current light to moderate drinking (ie, 7 or fewer drinks per week), as compared to a reference group of never and former drinkers, was associated with better performance on the Trails B, Symbol Digit, and Hopkins Verbal Learning tests (P < .01 for all comparisons). The number of years drinking 7 or fewer drinks per week also was independently associated with better cognitive performance. Current consumption of 7 or fewer drinks per week and the number of years drinking at this level are both associated with better cognitive performance in older male veterans receiving primary care. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that light to moderate drinking confers cognitive benefits to older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Reid
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
Prolonged exercise and heavy training are associated with depressed immune cell function. To maintain immune function, athletes should eat a well-balanced diet sufficient to meet their energy, carbohydrate, protein, and micronutrient requirements. Consuming carbohydrate during prolonged strenuous exercise attenuates rises in stress hormones and appears to limit the degree of exercise-induced immune depression. Recent evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamin supplementation may also reduce exercise stress and impairment of leukocyte functions. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of other antioxidants and dietary immunostimulants such as probiotics and echinacea on exercise-induced immune impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gleeson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
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