1
|
Grassi G, Moradei C, Cecchelli C. Prevalence and clinical phenotypes of adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid behavioral addictions. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:473-481. [PMID: 38669082 PMCID: PMC11220802 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the correlation between substance use disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been largely studied, less is known about the correlation between behavioral addictions and ADHD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral addictions in a large sample of adult patients with a primary diagnosis of ADHD and to compare the clinical profile of ADHD patients with and without behavioral addictions comorbidity. Methods 248 consecutive adults newly diagnosed as ADHD patients were assessed through a series of validated scales for gambling disorder, internet, sex, shopping and food addictions. ADHD patients with at least one comorbid behavioral addiction were compared to non-comorbid patients on ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, mood and anxiety symptoms and functional impairment. Results 58.9% of patients had at least one behavioral addiction comorbidity. Of the whole sample, 31.9% of the patients had a comorbidity with one behavioral addiction while the 27% showed a comorbidity with two or more behavioral addictions. Internet addiction was the most common comorbidity (33.9%) followed by food addiction (28.6%), shopping addiction (19%), sex addiction (12.9%) and gambling disorder (3.6%). ADHD patients with comorbid behavioral addictions showed higher ADHD current and childhood symptoms, higher cognitive and motor impulsivity, higher mood and anxiety symptoms and higher functional impairment. Conclusions Behavioral addictions are highly frequent in adult ADHD patients. Comorbid patients seem to have a more complex phenotype characterized by more severe ADHD, mood and anxiety symptoms, higher impulsivity levels and greater functional impairment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mei B, Tao Q, Dang J, Niu X, Sun J, Zhang M, Wang W, Han S, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Meta-analysis of structural and functional abnormalities in behavioral addictions. Addict Behav 2024; 157:108088. [PMID: 38924904 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of behavioral addictions (BAs) associated with scientific and technological advances has been increasing steadily. Unfortunately, a large number of studies on the structural and functional abnormalities have shown poor reproducibility, and it remains unclear whether different addictive behaviors share common underlying abnormalities. Therefore, our objective was to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of different behavioral addictions to provide evidence-based evidence of common structural and functional changes. METHODS We conducted systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from January 2010 to December 2023, supplementing reference lists of high-quality relevant meta-analyses and reviews, to identify eligible voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Using anisotropic seed-based D-Mapping (AES-SDM) meta-analysis methods, we compared brain abnormalities between BAs and healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS There were 11 GMV studies (287 BAs and 292 HCs) and 26 fMRI studies (577 BAs and 545 HCs) that met inclusion criteria. Compared with HCs, BAs demonstrated significant reductions in gray matter volume (GMV) in (1) right anterior cingulate gyri extending into the adjacent superior frontal gyrus, as well as in the left inferior frontal gyrus and right striatum. (2) the bilateral precuneus, right supramarginal gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus were hyperfunction; (3) the left medial cingulate gyrus extended to the superior frontal gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus had hypofunction. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified structural and functional impairments in brain regions involved in executive control, cognitive function, visual memory, and reward-driven behavior in BAs. Notably, fronto-cingulate regions may serve as common biomarkers of BAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohui Mei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jieping Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen P, Wang J, Tang G, Chen G, Xiao S, Guo Z, Qi Z, Wang J, Wang Y. Large-scale network abnormality in behavioral addiction. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:743-751. [PMID: 38521138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have endeavored to ascertain the network dysfunction associated with behavioral addiction (BA) through the utilization of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Nevertheless, the identification of aberrant patterns within large-scale networks pertaining to BA has proven to be challenging. METHODS Whole-brain seed-based rsFC studies comparing subjects with BA and healthy controls (HC) were collected from multiple databases. Multilevel kernel density analysis was employed to ascertain brain networks in which BA was linked to hyper-connectivity or hypo-connectivity with each prior network. RESULTS Fifty-six seed-based rsFC publications (1755 individuals with BA and 1828 HC) were included in the meta-analysis. The present study indicate that individuals with BAs exhibit (1) hypo-connectivity within the fronto-parietal network (FN) and hypo- and hyper-connectivity within the ventral attention network (VAN); (2) hypo-connectivity between the FN and regions of the VAN, hypo-connectivity between the VAN and regions of the FN and default mode network (DMN), hyper-connectivity between the DMN and regions of the FN; (3) hypo-connectivity between the reward system and regions of the sensorimotor network (SS), DMN and VAN; (4) hypo-connectivity between the FN and regions of the SS, hyper-connectivity between the VAN and regions of the SS. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide impetus for a conceptual framework positing a model of BA characterized by disconnected functional coordination among large-scale networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jurong Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bahri MRZ, Tayim N, Fakhrou A, Davoudi M. Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gambling Severity in Youth Online Gamblers: The Mediating Roles of Internalizing, Attention and Externalizing Problems. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10320-8. [PMID: 38802628 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gambling Severity (gambling severity), considering the mediating roles of internalizing, externalizing, and attention among youth online gamblers. METHODS 762 youth (agemean±SD= 15.03 ± 2.40; agerange = 10-18 years; 75.3% boys) completed the Persian Gambling Disorder Screening Questionnaire (GDSQ-P), Pediatric Symptom Checklist - Youth Report (Y-PSC), and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire (ACE's section, modified by authors). The analysis was done using the SMART PLS software. RESULTS The reliability and discriminant validity of the provided model were assessed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). According to the results of the PLS-SEM analysis, the present model demonstrated suitable levels of reliability and validity. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) significantly affected attention, internalizing, externalizing problems, and gambling severity. Additionally, the level of gambling was directly correlated with ACEs. Moreover, the indirect influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable via the mediators was found to be statistically significant (P < .001).These findings suggest that externalizing behaviors, attention problems, and internalizing symptoms mediate the effect of ACEs on gambling severity. Lastly, fitness indices indicated that our proposed model fit the data well (SRMR = 0.06, d_ULS = 1.15, Chi-square = 1291.461, and NFI = 0.71). CONCLUSION Our study found that ACEs significantly influence gambling severity among youth online gamblers, with internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems mediating this relationship. Practical implications include integrating ACE screening and targeted interventions for associated mental health issues into youth gambling prevention programs to mitigate the risk of problematic gambling behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Tayim
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulnaser Fakhrou
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammadreza Davoudi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Floyd CG, Kraus SW, Grubbs JB. Gambling in a U.S. Census Matched Sample: Examining Interactions between Means and Motives in Predicting Problematic Outcomes. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10302-w. [PMID: 38592616 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of Problem Gambling (PG) is complex, particularly given recent evidence that SES should be understood in both objective and subjective terms. Likewise, financial gambling motives have been found to be predictive of PG; however, financial motives are less understood in comparison to other gambling motives. Preliminary findings on SES and gambling points towards a pattern of social inequality in which those with the least financial resources (e.g., income) or that feel financially deprived relative to others (e.g., perceived deprivation) experience greater harm and problems. In a weighted, census matched sample of adults in the U.S. (N = 1,348), the present study examined the interaction between financial gambling motives and income and financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation in predicting PG. Findings provided support for both financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation as robust predictors of PG. Further, results provided unique insights into the role subjective economic standing may play in the relationship between financial motives for gambling and risk of PG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Floyd
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E. Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, CEB 320, 89154, USA
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale BLVD SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Warrier V, Chamberlain SR, Thomas SA, Bowden-Jones H. Genetics of gambling disorder and related phenotypes: The potential uses of polygenic and multifactorial risk models to enable early detection and improve clinical outcomes. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:16-20. [PMID: 38224367 PMCID: PMC10988411 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gambling Disorder (GD) is an impactful behavioural addiction for which there appear to be underpinning genetic contributors. Twin studies show significant GD heritability results and intergenerational transmission show high rates of transmission. Recent developments in polygenic and multifactorial risk prediction modelling provide promising opportunities to enable early identification and intervention for at risk individuals. People with GD often have significant delays in diagnosis and subsequent help-seeking that can compromise their recovery. In this paper we advocate for more research into the utility of polygenic and multifactorial risk modelling in GD research and treatment programs and rigorous evaluation of its costs and benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shane A. Thomas
- Vice Chancellor's Office and Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Australia
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
- National Problem Gambling Clinic & National Centre for Gaming Disorders, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Abyadh MHA, Alatawi MA, Emara EAM, Almasoud SA, Alsetoohy O, Ali ARM. Do Smartphone Addiction and Self-Regulation Failures Affect Students' Academic Life Satisfaction? The Role of Students' Mind Wandering and Cognitive Failures. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1231-1253. [PMID: 38524287 PMCID: PMC10959119 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s437076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how smartphone addiction and self-regulation failure influence students' academic life satisfaction considering the impacts of students' mind wandering and cognitive failures. It also sought to look at how students' minds wander, and cognitive failures are affected by smartphone addiction and self-regulation failure among university students. Methods The WarpPLS-SEM software was used to analyze the research data retrieved from a sample of 950 undergraduate students from universities in Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results In both countries, the findings revealed that students' smartphone addiction and self-regulation failures negatively affect students' academic life satisfaction and positively affect students' mind wandering and cognitive failures. Additionally, smartphone addiction is positively related to failures of students' self-regulation. Besides the negative influences of students' cognitive failures on their academic life satisfaction, cognitive failures mediated negatively the relationship between mind wandering and students' academic life satisfaction. Finally, students' mind wandering mediated the relationship between smartphone addiction, self-regulation failure, and academic life satisfaction. Discussion The study introduces fresh insights into the study variables that can be used to expand the literature on academic life satisfaction. The study provides theoretical and practical contributions to students, educators, and policymakers of education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hasan Ali Al-Abyadh
- Department of Special Education, College of Education in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of Education, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Marwan Atallah Alatawi
- Department of Special Education, College of Education and Art, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam Abdelhafiz Mohamed Emara
- Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Special Education, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abdulaziz Almasoud
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsetoohy
- Department of Hotel Management, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karafil AY. Examination of the Factors That Encourage University Students to Sports Betting. A Q-Method Study. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:275-287. [PMID: 36781710 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the factors that motivate university students to sports betting through the Q-method. The study is designed with the Q-methodology. According to this method, qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied in the same study. Interviews were conducted with the participants of the study, question expressions were created and similar studies in the literature were used. With this feature, the current study has both structural and non-structural pattern features. In the study, the snowball sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was employed as a sampling method. The people recommended by the participants with at least five years of sports betting history were included in the study. A total of 29 university students constituted the study group. In the analysis of the data, basic components analysis was applied and it was concluded that the participants were gathered under two factors, and the value of 0.55 was reached as the significance value. As a result, it can be stated that different factors motivate the participants to bet, such as making money, seeking excitement, having social relations, sports betting as a profession, endeavor, killing time, and betting because of addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yavuz Karafil
- Sports Science Faculty/ Sports Management Departmant, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universty , Burdur, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pabayo R, Patel P, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST. Income Inequality and the Odds of Online Gambling Among a Large Sample of Adolescents in Canada. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:289-305. [PMID: 36811755 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Consistent evidence points to the detrimental effects of income inequality on population health. Income inequality may be associated with online gambling, which is of concern since gambling is a risk factor for adverse mental health conditions, such as depression and suicide ideation. Thus, the overall objective of this study is to study the role of income inequality on the odds of participating in online gambling. Data from 74,501 students attending 136 schools participating in the 2018/2019 Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) survey were used. The Gini coefficient was calculated based on school census divisions (CD) using the Canada 2016 Census linked with student data. We used multilevel modeling to explore the association between income inequality and self-reported participation in online gambling in the last 30 days, while controlling for individual- and area-level characteristics. We examined whether mental health (depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychosocial wellbeing), school connectedness, and access to mental health programs mediate this relationship. Adjusted analysis indicated that a standardized deviation (SD) unit increase in Gini coefficient (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05, 1.30) was associated with increased odds of participating in online gambling. When stratified by gender, the association was significant only among males (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03, 1.22). The relationship between higher income inequality and greater odds for online gambling may be mediated by depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychosocial well-being, and school connectedness. Evidence points to further health consequences, such as online gambling participation, stemming from exposure to income inequality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pabayo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Priya Patel
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Johannessen DA, Overå S, Arnevik EA. The role of contextual factors in avenues to recover from gambling disorder: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1247152. [PMID: 38410405 PMCID: PMC10894926 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1247152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recovery from complex conditions such as gambling disorders (GD) often entail considerable change and require a range of adaptable interventions in the health care system. Outcomes from such avenues to change are influenced by multifarious contextual factors, which are less frequently considered in treatment outcome studies. Accordingly, this scoping review aims to map the level of evidence and explore how contextual factors influence the provision and outcomes of GD interventions. Methods A systematic search in selected health and social science research databases yielded a total of 2.464 unique references. The results were screened in three selection steps-titles (n = 2.464), abstracts (n = 284) and full-text (n = 104). The scoping approach was applied to provide a narrative account of the final included references (n = 34). Results and discussion Findings suggest that the research on GD treatment is in the early stages of development. Additionally, studies on GD interventions are characterized by cultural biases (Region and ethnicity and Gender perspectives), while three key elements are described as successful avenues to recover from GD (Competence, Perception and Utilization). In line with these findings, proposals for future research and treatment designs are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagny Adriaenssen Johannessen
- Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Blue Cross East, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Overå
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Espen Ajo Arnevik
- Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Magnard R, Fouyssac M, Vachez YM, Cheng Y, Dufourd T, Carcenac C, Boulet S, Janak PH, Savasta M, Belin D, Carnicella S. Pramipexole restores behavioral inhibition in highly impulsive rats through a paradoxical modulation of frontostriatal networks. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:86. [PMID: 38336862 PMCID: PMC10858232 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs), a wide spectrum of maladaptive behaviors which includes pathological gambling, hypersexuality and compulsive buying, have been recently suggested to be triggered or aggravated by treatments with dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists, such as pramipexole (PPX). Despite evidence showing that impulsivity is associated with functional alterations in corticostriatal networks, the neural basis of the exacerbation of impulsivity by PPX has not been elucidated. Here we used a hotspot analysis to assess the functional recruitment of several corticostriatal structures by PPX in male rats identified as highly (HI), moderately impulsive (MI) or with low levels of impulsivity (LI) in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). PPX dramatically reduced impulsivity in HI rats. Assessment of the expression pattern of the two immediate early genes C-fos and Zif268 by in situ hybridization subsequently revealed that PPX resulted in a decrease in Zif268 mRNA levels in different striatal regions of both LI and HI rats accompanied by a high impulsivity specific reduction of Zif268 mRNA levels in prelimbic and cingulate cortices. PPX also decreased C-fos mRNA levels in all striatal regions of LI rats, but only in the dorsolateral striatum and nucleus accumbens core (NAc Core) of HI rats. Structural equation modeling further suggested that the anti-impulsive effect of PPX was mainly attributable to the specific downregulation of Zif268 mRNA in the NAc Core. Altogether, our results show that PPX restores impulse control in highly impulsive rats by modulation of limbic frontostriatal circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Magnard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Maxime Fouyssac
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yvan M Vachez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yifeng Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Thibault Dufourd
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia H Janak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marc Savasta
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Belin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Noel JK, Rosenthal SR, Jacob S. Internet, App-Based, and Casino Gambling: Associations Between Modality, Problem Gambling, and Substance Use. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10284-9. [PMID: 38311694 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Technology-based gambling prevalence is not well understood since relevant questions are not included in health and disease surveillance studies. The current study sought to estimate the prevalence of internet-based and smartphone app-based gambling, along with casino gambling, in a sample of U.S. young adults and determine if gambling modality was associated with problem gambling symptoms or substance use. The 2022 Rhode Island Young Adult Survey included N = 1,022 students between the ages of 18 to 25 years old who had lived in Rhode Island, with n = 414 lifetime gamblers (40.5%) included in this study. Odds of gambling via a smartphone app and on the internet, respectively, were greater in heterosexual cis-males compared to heterosexual cis-females (OR[95%CI] = 3.14 [1.25,7.91]; OR[95%CI] = 6.30 [2.05,19.3]). Internet gambling amongst employed students was less common than among those who were not a student and not employed (OR[95%CI] = 0.25 [0.06,1.00]). Odds of problem gambling symptoms were higher among those who gambled via a smartphone app (OR[95%CI] = 3.23 [1.21,8.60]). All forms of gambling were associated with alcohol consumption, although the strength of the association was stronger in app and internet gamblers. Casino gamblers were more likely to be high risk marijuana and illicit drug users. The rising availability of app gambling coupled with its social, psychological, and cultural context may presents an alternative pathway to problem gambling. Bans on internet gambling and/or strict guidelines on the frequency of wagers and cash placed per wager, should be considered as viable methods to mitigate associated consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Center for Student Research & Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Samantha R Rosenthal
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Student Research & Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Steve Jacob
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Student Research & Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vana N, Itzhaki-Braun Y, Gavriel-Fried B. "Sense for Gambling" Among Jewish Ultra-Orthodox Men With Gambling Disorder. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323231218846. [PMID: 38265009 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231218846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Making sense of the social world is an intricate process heavily influenced by cultural elements. Gambling is a prevalent leisure-time activity characterized by risk-taking conduct. While some individuals who engage in it do so without experiencing any harm, others will develop gambling problems. Judaism tends to perceive gambling negatively since it contradicts fundamental Jewish principles. The current study focuses on the Jewish Ultra-Orthodox community in Israel which is characterized as a cultural enclave with minimal interaction with the secular world. Hence, it provides a unique and novel socio-cultural context to inquire how individuals with gambling disorder (GD) from this community make sense of gambling. Following constructivist grounded theory guidelines, 22 Ultra-Orthodox men with GD were interviewed using a purposeful sampling design. Sixteen Rabbis were also interviewed, illuminating the socio-cultural context of Halachic regulations and norms regarding gambling in this community. An abductive analysis of the data, interwoven with Bourdieu's concept of habitus, yielded an overarching theme that we dub as "sense for gambling," encompassing matrices of Ultra-Orthodox external (e.g., a conservative cultural structure with numerous prohibitions and life marked by poverty) and internal (e.g., feelings of loneliness, dissatisfaction, and deviance) dispositions imprinted onto the body, creating diverse embodied reactions (emotional and sensory) to gambling, and leading to developing GD. We recommend placing the body, as the locus of internalized dispositions, at the core of examination when researching pathways to GD. We propose that this intricate interplay between external and internal dispositions shapes the decision-making regarding gambling, thus mitigating individual responsibility for GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Vana
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Itzhaki-Braun
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Belle Gavriel-Fried
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fekih-Romdhane F, Ghrissi F, Stambouli M, Hakiri A, Loch AA, Cheour M, Hallit S. Moderating effect of alexithymia between problem gambling and psychotic experiences in university students. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38172817 PMCID: PMC10765704 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the young individuals with problem gambling (PG) or psychotic experiences (PEs) are less prone to seek medical help. Therefore, community-based studies investigating the relationship between these entities in non-clinical young people across a continuum of severity are warranted. To this end, the present study proposes to advance knowledge on the mechanisms that potentially underlie the association between PG and PEs, by examining the role of a potential moderator, i.e. alexithymia, in this relationship. METHODS A total of 399 participants enrolled in this study (mean age = 21.58 ± 3.20 years) participated in an online cross-sectional survey. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B), and the Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) were used. RESULTS Thirty-three (8.3%) participants had problem-gambling, whereas 13 (3.3%) were probable pathological gamblers. Moderation analysis results adjusted over confounders (age, household crowding index, marital status, personal history of mental disorder, other illegal drug use) showed that the interaction PG by alexithymia (p = .018) was significantly associated with PEs scores. At moderate (Beta = 1.93) and high (Beta = 3.38) levels of alexithymia, more PG was significantly associated with more PEs scores. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that GP may have a different impact on PEs depending on the individual's level of alexithymia. As such, both alexithymia and gambling behavior should be considered in the clinical assessment of young people who present with PEs, which can help in implementing more tailored and individualized treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Farah Ghrissi
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Stambouli
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abir Hakiri
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Majda Cheour
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon.
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, 21478, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Williams BD, Lee K, Ewah SO, Neelam K. Aripiprazole and Other Third-Generation Antipsychotics as a Risk Factor for Impulse Control Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 44:39-48. [PMID: 38011021 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests an association between third-generation antipsychotics (TGAs) and impulse control disorders (ICDs). This is thought to be due to their partial agonism of dopamine receptors. However, neither the relative nor absolute risks of ICDs in those prescribed TGAs are well established. To inform clinical practice, this systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and quantifies the current evidence for an association. METHODS An electronic search of Medline, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Database was undertaken from database inception to November 2022. Three reviewers screened abstracts and reviewed full texts for inclusion. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies. RESULTS A total of 392 abstracts were retrieved, 214 remained after duplicates were removed. Fifteen full texts were reviewed, of which 8 were included. All 8 studies found that TGAs were associated with increased probability of ICDs. Risk of bias was high or critical in 7 of 8 studies. Three studies were included in the pooled analysis for the primary outcome, 2 with data on each of aripiprazole, cariprazine, and brexpiprazole. Exposure to TGAs versus other antipsychotics was associated with an increase in ICDs (pooled odds ratio, 5.54; 2.24-13.68). Cariprazine and brexpiprazole were significantly associated with ICDs when analyzed individually. Aripiprazole trended toward increased risk, but very wide confidence intervals included no effect. CONCLUSIONS Third-generation antipsychotics were associated with increased risk of ICDs in all studies included and pooled analysis. However, the risk of bias is high, confidence intervals are wide, and the quality of evidence is very low for all TGAs examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin David Williams
- From the Inpatient Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kenn Lee
- Liaison Mental Health Service, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Silas Okey Ewah
- From the Inpatient Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vintró-Alcaraz C, Mestre-Bach G, Granero R, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Fernández-Aranda F, Potenza MN, Jiménez-Murcia S. Do attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms influence treatment outcome in gambling disorder? Compr Psychiatry 2024; 128:152433. [PMID: 37924691 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous studies point to the comorbidity between gambling disorder (GD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is a lack of research exploring how ADHD symptoms might influence psychological treatment outcomes for GD. Therefore, we aimed to explore differences between patients with GD with and without self-reported ADHD symptoms regarding psychopathology, personality, sociodemographic and treatment outcome measures. METHOD This longitudinal study included 170 patients with GD receiving cognitive behavioral therapy. Multiple self-reported instruments were used to assess clinical variables and sociodemographic measures prior to treatment. RESULTS A clinical profile characterized by greater GD severity, higher psychopathology and impulsivity, and less adaptive personality features was observed in patients with self-reported ADHD symptoms compared to those without. No significant differences in treatment response (measured by dropout and relapse rates) were observed between the two groups. However, patients with self-reported ADHD symptoms experienced more severe relapses (i.e., gambled more money) and GD patients who relapsed scored higher on measures of ADHD, particularly inattention. CONCLUSION Individuals with GD and self-reported symptoms of ADHD may experience more severe relapses following treatment, suggesting a need for more vigilant follow-up and interventions for patients with this comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Instituto de Transferencia e Investigación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Roser Granero
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN, Granero R, Uríszar JC, Tarragón E, Chiclana Actis C, Testa G, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S. Understanding the Co-occurrence of Gambling Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use: Exploring Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. J Gambl Stud 2023:10.1007/s10899-023-10274-3. [PMID: 38151657 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence between gambling disorder (GD) and problematic pornography use (PPU) has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study compared (a) sociodemographic variables, (b) GD-related factors, (c) substance use, (d) psychopathology, (e) personality features, (f) impulsivity, and (g) emotion regulation between individuals with GD (GD group) and those with co-occurring GD and PPU (GD+PPU group). The sample consisted of 359 treatment-seeking individuals with GD: n = 332 individuals had GD only (GD group) and n = 37 individuals had GD and co-occurring PPU (GD+PPU group). GD severity, impulsivity, psychopathology, personality, emotion regulation, and other sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed. No between-group differences in sociodemographic measures were observed. The GD+PPU group demonstrated greater GD severity and a higher likelihood of substance use compared to those without PPU. Furthermore, the presence of PPU was associated with worse psychopathology, higher impulsivity (except for lack of premeditation and positive urgency), more difficulties in emotion regulation (except for non-acceptance of emotions and limited access to emotions), and a personality profile characterized by lower levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness. The co-occurrence of GD and PPU seems associated with a more dysfunctional clinical profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Uríszar
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Sub-Directorate General for the Regulation of Gambling, Directorate General for Taxation and Gambling, Secretariat of Finance, Ministry of the Economy and Finance, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Chiclana Actis
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- Unidad de Sexología Clínica y Salud Sexual, Consulta Dr. Carlos Chiclana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Testa
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eben C, Bőthe B, Brevers D, Clark L, Grubbs JB, Heirene R, Kräplin A, Lewczuk K, Palmer L, Perales JC, Peters J, van Holst RJ, Billieux J. The landscape of open science in behavioral addiction research: Current practices and future directions. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:862-870. [PMID: 38141055 PMCID: PMC10786235 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Open science refers to a set of practices that aim to make scientific research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible, including pre-registration of study protocols, sharing of data and materials, the use of transparent research methods, and open access publishing. In this commentary, we describe and evaluate the current state of open science practices in behavioral addiction research. We highlight the specific value of open science practices for the field; discuss recent field-specific meta-scientific reviews that show the adoption of such practices remains in its infancy; address the challenges to engaging with open science; and make recommendations for how researchers, journals, and scientific institutions can work to overcome these challenges and promote high-quality, transparently reported behavioral addiction research. By collaboratively promoting open science practices, the field can create a more sustainable and productive research environment that benefits both the scientific community and society as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Eben
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent
University, GhentBelgium
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de
Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Damien Brevers
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology
Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute,
UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
| | - Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC,
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada
| | - Joshua B. Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, University of New
Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Center for Alcohol, Substance Use, And
Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,
NM, USA
| | - Robert Heirene
- School of Psychology, University of
Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Anja Kräplin
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden,
Germany
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan
Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Lucas Palmer
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC,
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology;
Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of
Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jan Peters
- Department of Psychology, Biological
Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Ruth J. van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC
-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of
Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland
- Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction
Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV),
Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Çıtak Ş. Latent profile analysis of gambling. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1293933. [PMID: 37965671 PMCID: PMC10641010 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1293933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Early age of gambling onset, ease of gambling with technological developments and lack of controlling online gambling games have led to unmanageable risk of gambling. Individual-centered approaches play a significant role in managing the risk that gambling poses on public health and discerning the heterogeneity of gambling addiction. Therefore, this study employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), one of the individual-centered approaches, to model the interactions across the psychosocial characteristics of gamblers. The study aims to reveal the latent profiles of gambling addiction. Unlike variable-centered approaches, LPA is a contemporary technique that provides objective information regarding individual psychological processes and behaviors. The profile indicators of the study involve psychosocial characteristics such as resilience, motives to gamble (excitement/fun, avoidance, making money, socializing), purposefulness, responsibility and worthiness. Data were collected from 317 volunteers (M = 68.9%; F = 31.1%; mean age = 25.16 ± 6.46) through the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Gambling Motives Scale (GMS) and Personal Virtues Scale (PVS). The emerging profiles were defined as adventurous players (14.2%), social gamblers (9.8%), professional gamblers (32.8%), problem gamblers (24.6%) and avoidant gamblers (18.6%). The individual-centered modeling is congruent with the literature on gambling and provides a complementary perspective to understand the heterogeneous structure of gambling. The results are expected to assist mental health professionals in developing educational and clinical intervention programs for gambling behavior. Finally yet importantly, it is recommended that new LPA models be offered through the use of different indicators related to gambling addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şenel Çıtak
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Department of Educational Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eriksen JW, Fiskaali A, Zachariae R, Wellnitz KB, Oernboel E, Stenbro AW, Marcussen T, Petersen MW. Psychological intervention for gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:613-630. [PMID: 37450372 PMCID: PMC10562823 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Increasingly, gambling features migrate into non-gambling platforms (e.g., online gaming) making gambling exposure and problems more likely. Therefore, exploring how to best treat gambling disorder (GD) remains important. Our aim was to review systematically and quantitatively synthesize the available evidence on psychological intervention for GD. Methods Records were identified through searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating psychological intervention for GD via six academic databases without date restrictions until February 3, 2023. Study quality was assessed with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Primary outcomes were GD symptom severity and remission of GD, summarized as Hedges' g and odds ratios, respectively. The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (#CRD42021284550). Results Of 5,541 records, 29 RCTs (3,083 participants analyzed) were included for meta-analysis of the primary outcomes. The efficacy of psychological intervention across modality, format and mode of delivery corresponded to a medium effect on gambling severity (g = -0.71) and a small effect on remission (OR = 0.47). Generally, risk of bias was high, particularly amongst early face-to-face interventions studies. Discussion and conclusions The results indicate that psychological intervention is efficacious in treating GD, with face-to-face delivered intervention producing the largest effects and with strongest evidence for cognitive behavioral therapy. Much remains to be known about the long-term effects, and investigating a broader range of treatment modalities and digital interventions is a priority if we are to improve clinical practice for this heterogeneous patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob W. Eriksen
- The Research Clinic on Gambling Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anne Fiskaali
- The Research Clinic on Gambling Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Robert Zachariae
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kaare B. Wellnitz
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Eva Oernboel
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anna W. Stenbro
- The Research Clinic on Gambling Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Thomas Marcussen
- The Research Clinic on Gambling Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Marie W. Petersen
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bellmunt-Gil A, Majuri J, Arponen E, Kaasinen V, Joutsa J. Abnormal frontostriatal connectivity and serotonin function in gambling disorder: A preliminary exploratory study. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:670-681. [PMID: 37561637 PMCID: PMC10562820 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neurobiological mechanisms of gambling disorder are not yet fully characterized, limiting the development of treatments. Defects in frontostriatal connections have been shown to play a major role in substance use disorders, but data on behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder, are scarce. The aim of this study was to 1) investigate whether gambling disorder is associated with abnormal frontostriatal connectivity and 2) characterize the key neurotransmitter systems underlying the connectivity abnormalities. Methods Fifteen individuals with gambling disorder and 17 matched healthy controls were studied with resting-state functional connectivity MRI and three brain positron emission tomography scans, investigating dopamine (18F-FDOPA), opioid (11C-carfentanil) and serotonin (11C-MADAM) function. Frontostriatal connectivity was investigated using striatal seed-to-voxel connectivity and compared between the groups. Neurotransmitter systems underlying the identified connectivity differences were investigated using region-of-interest and voxelwise approaches. Results Individuals with gambling disorder showed loss of functional connectivity between the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and a region in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (PFWE <0.05). Similarly, there was a significant Group x right NAcc interaction in right DLPFC 11C-MADAM binding (p = 0.03) but not in 18F-FDOPA uptake or 11C-carfentanil binding. This was confirmed in voxelwise analyses showing a widespread Group x right NAcc interaction in the prefrontal cortex 11C-MADAM binding (PFWE <0.05). Right NAcc 11C-MADAM binding potential correlated with attentional impulsivity in individuals with gambling disorder (r = -0.73, p = 0.005). Discussion Gambling disorder is associated with right hemisphere abnormal frontostriatal connectivity and serotonergic function. These findings will contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanism and may help identify potential treatment targets for gambling disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bellmunt-Gil
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Majuri
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Larsen JK, Hollands GJ, Garland EL, Evers AWM, Wiers RW. Be more mindful: Targeting addictive responses by integrating mindfulness with cognitive bias modification or cue exposure interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105408. [PMID: 37758008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the most prominent neurocognitive effects of cognitive bias modification (CBM), cue-exposure therapy and mindfulness interventions for targeting addictive responses. It highlights the key insights that have stemmed from cognitive neuroscience and brain imaging research and combines these with insights from behavioural science in building a conceptual model integrating mindfulness with response-focused CBM or cue-exposure interventions. This furthers our understanding of whether and how mindfulness strategies may i) facilitate or add to the induced response-focused effects decreasing cue-induced craving, and ii) further weaken the link between craving and addictive responses. Specifically, awareness/monitoring may facilitate, and decentering may add to, response-focused effects. Combined awareness acceptance strategies may also diminish the craving-addiction link. The conceptual model presented in this review provides a specific theoretical framework to deepen our understanding of how mindfulness strategies and CBM or cue-exposure interventions can be combined to greatest effect. This is important in both suggesting a roadmap for future research, and for the further development of clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gareth J Hollands
- EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Andrea W M Evers
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, NL, and Medical Delta, Leiden University, TU Delft and Erasmus University, UK
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thanos PK, Hanna C, Mihalkovic A, Hoffman A, Posner A, Butsch J, Blum K, Georger L, Mastrandrea LD, Quattrin T. Genetic Correlates as a Predictor of Bariatric Surgery Outcomes after 1 Year. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2644. [PMID: 37893019 PMCID: PMC10603884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed genetic risk assessments in patients undergoing bariatric surgery to serve as a predictive factor for weight loss parameters 1 year after the operation. Thirty (30) patients were assessed for Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS), which analyzes neurogenetic polymorphisms involved in addiction and reward deficiency. Genetic and psychosocial data collected before the operation were correlated with weight loss data, including changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent of expected weight loss (%EWL). Results examined correlations between individual gene risk alleles, 1-year body weight data, and psychosocial trait scores. Spearman's correlations revealed that the OPRM1 (rs1799971) gene polymorphism had significant negative correlation with 1-year weight (rs = -0.4477, p < 0.01) and BMI (rs = -0.4477, p < 0.05). In addition, the DRD2 risk allele (rs1800497) was correlated negatively with BMI at 1 year (rs = -0.4927, p < 0.05), indicating that one risk allele copy was associated with lower BMI. However, this allele was positively correlated with both ∆Weight (rs = 0.4077, p < 0.05) and %EWL (rs = 0.5521, p < 0.05) at 1 year post-surgery. Moreover, the overall GARS score was correlated with %EWL (rs = 0.4236, p < 0.05), ∆Weight (rs = 0.3971, p < 0.05) and ∆BMI (rs = 0.3778, p < 0.05). Lastly, Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ) scores were negatively correlated with %EWL (rs = -0.4320, p < 0.05) and ∆Weight at 1 year post-surgery (rs = -0.4294, p < 0.05). This suggests that individuals with a higher genetic addiction risk are more responsive to weight loss treatment, especially in the case of the DRD2 polymorphism. These results should translate clinically to improve positivity and attitude related to weight management by those individuals born with the risk alleles (rs1800497; rs1799971).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.H.)
| | - Colin Hanna
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.H.)
| | - Abrianna Mihalkovic
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Aaron Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75208, USA
| | - Alan Posner
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - John Butsch
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Nutrigenomics, SpliceGen, Therapeutics, Inc., Austin, TX 78701, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Exercise Sports & Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, LLC., Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Lesley Georger
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, D’Youville University, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA;
| | - Lucy D. Mastrandrea
- UBMD Pediatrics, JR Oishei Children’s Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA (T.Q.)
| | - Teresa Quattrin
- UBMD Pediatrics, JR Oishei Children’s Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA (T.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dresp-Langley B. From Reward to Anhedonia-Dopamine Function in the Global Mental Health Context. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2469. [PMID: 37760910 PMCID: PMC10525914 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When "hijacked" by compulsive behaviors that affect the reward and stress centers of the brain, functional changes in the dopamine circuitry occur as the consequence of pathological brain adaptation. As a brain correlate of mental health, dopamine has a central functional role in behavioral regulation from healthy reward-seeking to pathological adaptation to stress in response to adversity. This narrative review offers a spotlight view of the transition from healthy reward function, under the control of dopamine, to the progressive deregulation of this function in interactions with other brain centers and circuits, producing what may be called an anti-reward brain state. How such deregulation is linked to specific health-relevant behaviors is then explained and linked to pandemic-related adversities and the stresses they engendered. The long lockdown periods where people in social isolation had to rely on drink, food, and digital rewards via the internet may be seen as the major triggers of changes in motivation and reward-seeking behavior worldwide. The pathological adaptation of dopamine-mediated reward circuitry in the brain is discussed. It is argued that, when pushed by fate and circumstance into a physiological brain state of anti-reward, human behavior changes and mental health is affected, depending on individual vulnerabilities. A unified conceptual account that places dopamine function at the centre of the current global mental health context is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Dresp-Langley
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7357 ICube CNRS, Université de Strasbourg Hôpitaux Universitaires Faculté de Médecine, Pavillon Clovis Vincent, 4 Rue Kirschleger, CEDEX, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Philander KS, Gainsbury SM. An Empirical Study of the Pathway Model Link Between Cognitive Distortions and Gambling Problems. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1189-1205. [PMID: 36413263 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research empirically tests the relationship between gambling-related cognitive distortions and the development of gambling problems. In two separate studies using methodologies designed to support non-experimental causal inference, we demonstrate that holding false beliefs about gambling experiences is related to current and future risk of developing problems with gambling. In our first study, we use an instrumental variable estimation strategy on an internet sample (n = 184) and observe a statistically significant relationship between Gamblers' Belief Questionnaire scores and measures of loss chasing, overspending, and gambling problems. These findings were robust to linear and ordinal estimation strategies and multiple model specifications. In our second study, we examine five-year prospective longitudinal data (n = 1,431) to validate our initial findings and test whether irrational thoughts are also related to future problems with gambling. While controlling for current fallacies, we find that past Gambling Fallacies Measure scores are related to present gambling problems across two survey waves. The effect size of each of the past fallacy levels is roughly half of the effect size of present levels, suggesting meaningful impacts. Our findings support the Pathways Model of Problem and Pathological Gambling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahlil S Philander
- School of Hospitality Business Management, Carson College of Business, Washington State University, 915 North Broadway, Everett, WA, 98201, USA.
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Sally M Gainsbury
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abdul Rahim Y, Fernandez-Aranda F, Jimenez-Murcia S, Håkansson A. Development of gambling disorder after bariatric surgery: a call for research. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1206938. [PMID: 37427279 PMCID: PMC10327889 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between bariatric surgery and alcohol use disorder (AUD) suggests that there may be a parallel connection between bariatric surgery and gambling disorder (GD), although this has never been researched before. Here, we describe observations suggesting that patients undergoing bariatric surgery may develop gambling disorders after surgery. Obese, older adults, and women may be at particular risk of developing GD because of their higher susceptibility to somatic comorbidities. We call for research addressing factors affecting the development of GD in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and how this could be prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Abdul Rahim
- Helsingborg Hospital, Skåne Region, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Research Unit, Skåne Region, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jimenez-Murcia
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Research Unit, Skåne Region, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hofstedt A, Mide M, Arvidson E, Ljung S, Mattiasson J, Lindskog A, Söderpalm-Gordh A. Pilot data findings from the Gothenburg treatment for gaming disorder: a cognitive behavioral treatment manual. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1162492. [PMID: 37346899 PMCID: PMC10280023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1162492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gaming disorder (GD) is a new diagnosis included in the latest edition of the International Classification of Disease -11. Recently conducted international studies suggest a prevalence rate close to 2% for GD, highlighting the need for effective treatments for this patient population. Internationally there are few studies investigating effective treatments specifically designed for this condition. In this pilot study, we wanted to test a newly developed method, the Gothenburg Treatment for Gaming Disorder (GOT-TO-GO) manual; a 15-week cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for GD. Method This study utilized a single group design with pretest, post-test and a three- and six-month follow-up, with measures of severity of GD and mood. The participants (n = 28) were treatment-seeking adults with GD, aged 17 to 49 years. Results The results show a statistically significant decrease in symptoms of GD after treatment. Hours of gaming per week also decreased concomitantly with a 100% increase in non-gaming leisure hours. The decrease in symptoms of GD was maintained at the 3-months follow-up after treatment. Correspondingly we saw a decrease in both depression and anxiety that also was upheld 3 months after treatment. Conclusion As GD is a new diagnostic concept more research is needed, also taking psychiatric comorbidity into consideration, to arrive at evidence-based conclusions regarding effective treatments. Considering the promising results in this small pilot study with large behavioral changes and reduced symptoms of GD, upheld at least 3 months after treatment, a larger randomized controlled study is warranted.Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05328596?term=NCT05328596&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT05328596.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hofstedt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Mide
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Arvidson
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Ljung
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mattiasson
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Lindskog
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Söderpalm-Gordh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Girard LC, Griffiths MD, Rossow I, Leino T, Goudriaan AE, Smith OR, Pallesen S. Temporal order of diagnosis between gambling disorder and substance use disorders: Longitudinal results from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 17:100501. [PMID: 37347048 PMCID: PMC10279774 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has established co-occurrence between substance use disorders (SUDs) and gambling disorder (GD). Less well understood is the temporal sequencing of onset between these disorders, and in particular whether SUD is a risk factor for GD. The present study examined the temporal order between registered diagnoses of SUD and GD, stratified by sex. Methods A study with a longitudinal design using objective registry data drawn from the Norwegian Patient Registry was carried out. Among the patients with a registered diagnosis of GD between 2008 and 2018 (N = 5,131; males = 81.8%), those (who in addition) had a registered diagnosis of any SUD (n = 1,196; males = 82.1%) were included. The measures included a registered diagnosis using the ICD-10 of both GD (code F63.0) and SUDs (codes F10-F19) by a health care professional. Binomial tests were used to identify the temporal order between SUD(s) and GD. Co-occurring cases (i.e., cases diagnosed within the same month) were removed in the main analyses. Results Results showed a significant directional path from SUD to GD but no support for the reversed path (i.e., from GD to SUD). This finding was similar overall for (i) both males and females, (ii) when different SUDs (alcohol, cannabis, sedatives, and polysubstance) were examined individually, and (iii) when specifying a 12-month time-lag between diagnoses. Conclusions The findings suggest that experiencing SUD(s) is a risk marker for GD given the temporal precedence observed for patients in specialised healthcare services seeking treatment. These results should be considered alongside screening and prevention efforts for GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Christine Girard
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingeborg Rossow
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Tony Leino
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Otto R.F. Smith
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
McCurdy LY, Loya JM, Hart-Derrick VR, Young GC, Kiluk BD, Potenza MN. Smartphone Apps for Problem Gambling: A Review of Content and Quality. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:178-186. [PMID: 38463534 PMCID: PMC10919356 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of review Problem gambling can have profound consequences for affected individuals, yet only a small proportion of people with problem gambling seek treatment. Mobile phone applications (apps) may provide an effective and scalable therapeutic option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate publicly available mobile apps aimed at improving problematic gambling behavior. Recent findings To date, there are no published studies that have evaluated the quality of publicly available smartphone apps for problem gambling in the US. There is thus a significant gap in knowledge of existing apps for addressing problem gambling. Summary This study included a review of 14 problem-gambling-specific apps. Apps that incorporated cognitive-behavioral therapy concepts and in-app communities were associated with better aesthetics and information quality scores. Additionally, in-app communities were associated with better engagement scores. Our results highlight the importance of evidence-based and engaging features in apps designed to help people with problem gambling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan McCurdy
- Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jennifer M Loya
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Griffin C Young
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School
of Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brian D Kiluk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield,
CT 06109, USA
- The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dubuson M, Noël X, Kornreich C, Hanak C, Saeremans M, Campanella S. A Comparative Event-Related Potentials Study between Alcohol Use Disorder, Gambling Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects through a Contextual Go/NoGo Task. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050643. [PMID: 37237457 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Inhibitory and rewarding processes that mediate attentional biases to addiction-related cues may slightly differ between patients suffering from alcohol use (AUD) or gambling (GD) disorder. (2) Methods: 23 AUD inpatients, 19 GD patients, and 22 healthy controls performed four separate Go/NoGo tasks, in, respectively, an alcohol, gambling, food, and neutral long-lasting cueing context during the recording of event-related potentials (ERPs). (3) Results: AUD patients showed a poorer inhibitory performance than controls (slower response latencies, lower N2d, and delayed P3d components). In addition, AUD patients showed a preserved inhibitory performance in the alcohol-related context (but a more disrupted one in the food-related context), while GD patients showed a specific inhibitory deficit in the game-related context, both indexed by N2d amplitude modulations. (4) Conclusions: Despite sharing common addiction-related mechanisms, AUD and GD patients showed different patterns of response to (non-)rewarding cues that should be taken into account in the therapeutic context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macha Dubuson
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Brugmann, Psychiatry Institute, 4 Place Vangehuchten, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1020 Brussels, Belgium
- Haute Ecole Provinciale de Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Xavier Noël
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Brugmann, Psychiatry Institute, 4 Place Vangehuchten, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Brugmann, Psychiatry Institute, 4 Place Vangehuchten, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hanak
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Brugmann, Psychiatry Institute, 4 Place Vangehuchten, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Saeremans
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Brugmann, Psychiatry Institute, 4 Place Vangehuchten, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Brugmann, Psychiatry Institute, 4 Place Vangehuchten, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Beckenstrom AC, Coloma PM, Dawson GR, Finlayson AK, Malik A, Post A, Steiner MA, Potenza MN. Use of experimental medicine approaches for the development of novel psychiatric treatments based on orexin receptor modulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105107. [PMID: 36828161 PMCID: PMC10165155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, translation from animal models into clinical use remains a significant bottleneck. Preclinical studies have implicated the orexin neuropeptide system as a potential target for psychiatric disorders through its role in regulating emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes. Clinical studies are investigating orexin modulation in addiction and mood disorders. Here we review performance-outcome measures (POMs) arising from experimental medicine research methods which may show promise as markers of efficacy of orexin receptor modulators in humans. POMs provide objective measures of brain function, complementing patient-reported or clinician-observed symptom evaluation, and aid the translation from preclinical to clinical research. Significant challenges include the development, validation, and operationalization of these measures. We suggest that collaborative networks comprising clinical practitioners, academics, individuals working in the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulators, patients, patient advocacy groups, and other relevant stakeholders may provide infrastructure to facilitate validation of experimental medicine approaches in translational research and in the implementation of these approaches in real-world clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Beckenstrom
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK.
| | - Preciosa M Coloma
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Switzerland
| | - Gerard R Dawson
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Ailidh K Finlayson
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Asad Malik
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Anke Post
- Corlieve Therapeutics, Swiss Innovation Park, Hegenheimermattweg 167A, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; The Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, 100 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Živčić Tomić D, Tomić M, Vuletić F, Vrgoč G. Running addiction. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:503-508. [PMID: 36449271 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running is a common physical activity of an aerobic nature that is carried out mostly outdoors and presents a healthy lifestyle. However, the positive effect of running often masks the downsides of potential addiction that can compromise an individual's physical, mental, and social functioning. Most often there is a thin and unclear line separating passionate athletes and running addicts. Thus, it is necessary to educate the running community to raise awareness of the negative effects of over-training, prevent complications and injuries and to seek the necessary help. METHODS The study sample consisted of runners from the Croatian population of both genders, aged 18 to 75, who have been running for more than a year. The respondents were divided into groups according to the favorite length of the racing race. Groups were compared in terms of nutritional supplements usage, running-related injuries, as well as the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on their running volume. Difference between groups in Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) questionnaire outcome scores was also accessed. RESULTS The statistical analysis included the answers of 644 people of both genders, among which 309 (48%) men and 335 (52%) women. The average age of the respondents was 42 years (18-75), and the average age of running was 5 years (1-42). Only among the respondents who started running most recently (1 to 10 years), and those who run the longest races (longer than 100 km) were found to use nutritional supplements significantly more (71.43%, P<0.001) and sustained injuries associated with running more than rest of the groups (100%, P=0.013). Due to the pandemic, only respondents who have been running for the longest time (31-42 years) and prefer to run races from 21 to 42 km significantly reduced the amount of training (75%, P=0.037). The risk for addiction was significantly positively associated with the use of dietary supplements, the favorite length of the race and the frequency of injuries, while there was no association with the length of running. CONCLUSIONS Running is a high-risk sport for addiction development. All the benevolent attitudes and positive effects of running often mask the downsides of addiction that can compromise an individual and his or her physical, mental, and social functioning. Due to the high percentage of addiction risk of 25%, it is necessary to educate the racing community to raise awareness of the negative effects of overtraining, prevent complications and seek the necessary help.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debi Živčić Tomić
- Department for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tomić
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Mercur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Vuletić
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia - .,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Vrgoč
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN. Features Linked to Treatment Outcomes in Behavioral Addictions and Related Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2873. [PMID: 36833569 PMCID: PMC9957199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral addictions are incompletely understood with respect to their underlying etiologies. This incomplete understanding may contribute to the frequent relapse and dropout rate often observed with behavioral addictions. The present state-of-the-art review aimed to review the literature that explored sociodemographic and clinical factors that link to poor treatment responses. Despite multiple studies, the definitions and evaluations of relapse and dropout are heterogeneous, complicating comparisons across studies. A scientific consensus on the conceptualization of both terms would help to better understand psychological features linked to treatment outcomes in behavioral addictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Predictors of adverse gambling behaviours amongst elite athletes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 36646773 PMCID: PMC9841496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem gambling levels amongst elite sportspeople are above populational baseline. We assess gambling in an elite Irish sporting population. An anonymous web-based questionnaire including the validated Problem Gambling Severity Index was distributed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of moderate/high risk gambling. 608 players (mean age 24) were included. Seventy nine percent of respondents were current gamblers and 6% problem gamblers. Amongst high-risk gamblers, significantly more were male (100% vs 76%, p = 0.003), fewer completed university (52% vs 69%, p = 0.024), and more were smokers (48% vs 24%, p = 0.002). They were also more likely to avail of free online gambling offers (90% vs 44%, p < 0.001), gamble with teammates (52% vs 21%, p < 0.001) and have placed their first bet before age 16 (41% vs 19%, p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, moderate/high risk gambling was associated with: male gender (OR = 8.9 [1.1-69], p = 0.035), no 3rd level education (OR = 2.5 [1.4-5.0], p = 0.002), free online gambling use (OR = 4.3 [2.1-5.3], p < 0.001), gambling with teammates (OR = 3.0 [1.7-5.3], p < 0.001), and being under 18 at first bet (OR = 2.0 [1.1-3.3], p = 0.013). This study shows a harmful gambling culture amongst elite Irish athletes. Male gender, lower educational status, free online gambling use, gambling with teammates and first bet at less than age 18 were associated with moderate/high risk gambling. These groups may benefit from targeted interventions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Worsened Anxiety and Loneliness Influenced Gaming and Gambling during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010249. [PMID: 36615049 PMCID: PMC9820879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the prevalence and patterns of problematic gaming and gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with psychiatric traits and major types of anxiety categories. Method: 1067 young adults participated in both wave 3 (2018) and wave 4 (2021) of the SALVe Cohort. Associations with psychiatric symptoms and anxiety were examined using logistic regression and Chi-square tests. Results: Problematic gaming decreased by 1.3 percentage points to 23.2% since the start of the pandemic, while problematic gambling increased by 0.9 percentage points to 6.5% in w4. Average time spent playing video games/day decreased from 2.2 h (w3) to 1.7 h (w4), while increases in gaming activity were associated with worsened feelings of loneliness (p = 0.002), depression (p < 0.001), and anxiety (p < 0.01) during the pandemic. Predictors for problematic gaming at w4 were previous problematic gaming and social anxiety (p = < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, previous problem gambling also predicted problem gambling at w4 p < 0.001. All anxiety categories were associated with both problematic gaming and gambling when adjusted for age and sex. However, after adjusting for depression and insomnia, social anxiety was associated with problematic gaming (p < 0.001), while panic was associated with problem gambling (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, problematic gaming has decreased since the start of the pandemic, while problem gambling has increased. Worsened feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic are associated with increased gaming. Moreover, the association between problematic gaming and gambling and anxiety is independent of depression and sleep problems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Scandroglio F, Ferrazzi G, Giacobazzi A, Vinci V, Marchi M, Galeazzi GM, Musetti A, Pingani L. Prevalence and Possible Predictors of Gambling Disorder in a Sample of Students in the Healthcare Professions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:452. [PMID: 36612781 PMCID: PMC9819379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Italian version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen questionnaire (SOGS) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to a sample of 275 healthcare professions students aged 19 to 58 years (mean age = 22.17; females = 81.1%) to address the research objectives: to examine the prevalence and correlates of problem gambling in a population of university healthcare professions students in Italy. Among the sample, 8.7% (n = 24) of participants showed problem gambling and 1.5% (n = 4) pathologic gambling. Lottery and scratch cards were the most frequent type of gambling in the sample, followed by cards and bingo. Compared to females, males tend to be more involved in problem gambling and pathological gambling. Males tend to be more involved than females in different types of gambling (such as cards, sports bets, gambling at the casino). Pathological gambling is positively associated with gender, being students lagging behind the regular schedule of exams and parents' level of education. These findings have important implications in terms of prevention and intervention on gambling and pathological gambling. Universities should make available educational programs and counselling services to address this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scandroglio
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Giacobazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Vera Vinci
- Dipartimento ad attività integrata di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mattia Marchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento ad attività integrata di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento ad attività integrata di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Pingani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento ad attività integrata di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Direzione delle Professioni Sanitarie, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Demetrovics Z, Lara-Huallipe M, Morón-Fernández A, Jiménez-Murcia S. Network Analysis of the Structure of the Core Symptoms and Clinical Correlates in Comorbid Schizophrenia and Gambling Disorder. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36589470 PMCID: PMC9794112 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have analyzed the clinical profile of treatment-seeking patients with the comorbid presence of schizophrenia (SCZ) and gambling disorder (GD), which warrants new research to assess the network structure of this complex mental condition. The aim of this study was to explore the organization of the symptoms and other clinical correlates of SCZ with GD. Network analysis was applied to a sample of N = 179 SCZ patients (age range: 19-70 years, mean=39.5, SD=9.9) who met clinical criteria for gambling disorder-related problems. Variables included in the network were the core GD symptoms according to the DSM-5, psychotic and paranoid ideation levels, global psychological distress, GD severity measures (debts and illegal behavior related with gambling), substances (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs), and personality profile. The nodes with the highest authority in the network (variables of highest relevance) were personality traits and psychological distress. Four empirical modules/clusters were identified, and linkage analysis identified the nodes with the highest closeness (bridge nodes) to be novelty seeking and reward dependence (these traits facilitate the transition between the modules). Identification of the variables with the highest centrality/linkage can be particularly useful for developing precise management plans to prevent and treat SCZ with GD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00983-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Granero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milagros Lara-Huallipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Morón-Fernández
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Blum K, Han D, Bowirrat A, Downs BW, Bagchi D, Thanos PK, Baron D, Braverman ER, Dennen CA, Gupta A, Elman I, Badgaiyan RD, Llanos-Gomez L, Khalsa J, Barh D, McLaughlin T, Gold MS. Genetic Addiction Risk and Psychological Profiling Analyses for "Preaddiction" Severity Index. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1772. [PMID: 36579510 PMCID: PMC9696872 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1990, when our laboratory published the association of the DRD2 Taq A1 allele and severe alcoholism in JAMA, there has been an explosion of genetic candidate association studies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To develop an accurate test to help identify those at risk for at least alcohol use disorder (AUD), a subset of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS), Blum's group developed the genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) test, consisting of ten genes and eleven associated risk alleles. In order to statistically validate the selection of these risk alleles measured by GARS, we applied strict analysis to studies that investigated the association of each polymorphism with AUD or AUD-related conditions, including pain and even bariatric surgery, as a predictor of severe vulnerability to unwanted addictive behaviors, published since 1990 until now. This analysis calculated the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium of each polymorphism in cases and controls. Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was applied to compare the gender, genotype, and allele distribution if available. The statistical analyses found the OR, 95% CI for OR, and the post risk for 8% estimation of the population's alcoholism prevalence revealed a significant detection. Prior to these results, the United States and European patents on a ten gene panel and eleven risk alleles have been issued. In the face of the new construct of the "preaddiction" model, similar to "prediabetes", the genetic addiction risk analysis might provide one solution missing in the treatment and prevention of the neurological disorder known as RDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise, and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, LLC, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Harleysville, PA 19329, USA
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - David Han
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Bernard William Downs
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Harleysville, PA 19329, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Harleysville, PA 19329, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise, and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, LLC, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Eric R. Braverman
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, LLC, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard School of Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, MT. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Luis Llanos-Gomez
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, LLC, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Jag Khalsa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thomas McLaughlin
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, LLC, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takahashi RES, Kim HS, Coelho SG, Tavares H. A Systematic Review of Eye-Tracking Studies of Gambling-Related Attentional Biases. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:813-828. [PMID: 36203047 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has identified attentional biases towards addiction-related stimuli, including gambling-related stimuli. Eye-tracking is considered the gold standard methodology for measuring attentional biases, yet no review to date has examined its use in measuring gambling-related attentional biases. This systematic review synthesized the literature using eye-tracking to examine attentional biases among people who gamble. We reviewed articles from Web of Science and PubMed that were published from 1990 to 2021. A total of 11 articles were included, with sample sizes ranging from 38 to 173 participants. Of these studies, seven examined attentional biases for gambling-related visual stimuli. These seven studies provided support that gambling can result in the development of an attentional bias for gambling-related stimuli. With respect to correlates of gambling-related attentional biases, there were mixed results. Some studies identified significant positive associations between gambling-related attentional biases and psychosocial variables, such as problem gambling severity, gambling expectancies, gambling cravings, gambling motives, depressive symptom severity, alcohol use severity, daily stress, affective impulsivity, and immersion. Four studies examined attentional biases for responsible gambling messaging and advertisements, finding that both people who do and do not gamble attend less to responsible gambling messaging compared to other types of information such as the betting odds. Research using eye-tracking to examine attentional biases among people who gamble is in its infancy. Yet, the preliminary results support the identification of attentional biases using the gold-standard methodology. Further studies are needed to examine the correlates and potential clinical utility of assessing gambling-related attentional biases using eye-tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyoun S Kim
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University (Formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, Canada
| | - Sophie G Coelho
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University (Formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, Canada
| | - Hermano Tavares
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mastropietro S, Favieri F, Forte G, Locuratolo N, Mannarelli D, Pauletti C, Fattapposta F, Casagrande M. Behavioral Addictions Questionnaire (BAQ): Validation of a New Tool for the Screening of Multiple Addictive Behaviors in the Italian Population. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study deals with the uncertainty in defining behavioral addictions (BAs). BAs are characterized by specific compulsive behaviors, regardless of potential negative consequences. However, to differentiate a behavior from a leisure activity to an addictive one is still an object of debate in the literature. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Addictions Questionnaire (BAQ) as a possible screening tool for multiple BAs (i.e., shopping, food addiction, gambling, sex, work, exercise, Internet, videogames, and smartphone). BAQ aims to give a dimensional and quantitative assessment of addictive behaviors in a continuum, including both the adaptive and maladaptive features of the behaviors. Five hundred and seventy-six healthy adults (age range: 18–88) participated in the study, completing a survey including the BAQ questionnaire. Considering both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, statistical examination suggested good psychometric properties, with adequate validity in all its subscales (i.e., the goodness of fit). Moreover, also higher reliability was confirmed for each dimension detected (i.e., all alpha over 0.65). The BAQ represents a comprehensive screening instrument that benefits from appropriate validity and reliability for assessing BAs. Therefore, it can be used in clinical fields and research. Moreover, the feature of BAs on a continuum, and the severity index adopted by the study, can help from a preventive perspective. However, further validation of the BAQ is needed in other countries and contexts.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sherer J, Levounis P. Technological Addictions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:399-406. [PMID: 35792965 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Modern methods of communication and engagement, such as social media, video games, and online shopping, use a variety of behavioral techniques to encourage and reward frequent use, opening the door to addiction. The technological addictions (TAs) are a set of disorders that accompany the technological advances that define the digital age. The TAs are an active source of research in the literature, with promising treatment options already available. RECENT FINDINGS There are promising therapeutic and psychopharmacologic treatments for a broad range of TAs. Stimulants, antidepressants, and cognitive therapies may all be effective for internet gaming disorder (IGD). Cognitive therapies may be effective for other TAs, such as social media addiction (SMA), online shopping addiction (OSA), and online porn addiction. Society's dependence on addictive technologies will only increase. Many of the TAs can be addressed with medication and therapy, with more research and literature developing at a rapid pace.
Collapse
Key Words
- Cybersex – online sexual activity, experienced alone or with others, that may involve technologies such as apps, webcams, or virtual reality that is not necessarily indicative of a disorder
- Internet addiction (IA) – an antiquated term which referred to addiction to the internet broadly speaking. It has largely been replaced with more specific terms
- Internet gaming disorder (IGD) – persistent overuse videogames leading to clinically significant impairment or distress played alone or with others online
- Online shopping addiction (OSA) – problematic shopping behavior via the internet that may be excessive, compulsive, and that causes economic, social, and emotional consequences
- Social media addiction (SMA) – preoccupation with social media, evidenced by irresistible urges to use and increasing time spent using online platforms, resulting in impairment or distress
- Technological addictions (TAs) – behavioral addictions that result from overutilization of modern technologies, many of which are necessary parts of everyday life today
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Sherer
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 462 1st Ave, NB20N11, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Petros Levounis
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 357 West 29th Street, 3A, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen B, Kui KY, Padmapriya N, Müller AM, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Correlates of sedentary behavior in Asian preschool-aged children: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13485. [PMID: 35698280 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify the multilevel correlates of sedentary behavior (SB) and its sub-domains among preschool-aged children aged 0-7 years in Asia. We systematically searched for studies published from 2000 onwards using terms related to SB correlates and Asia in six databases. Eligible studies were observational and used quantitative methods to examine correlates of total, and domain-specific SB (screen viewing [SV] and non-screen-based SB) in Asian children living in Asia. Two reviewers independently screened identified references. Following quality assessment of included studies, we performed narrative synthesis to summarize the evidence on the intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental correlates of total and domain-specific SB (PROSPERO: CRD42018095268). Twenty-two studies from 4 regions and 12 countries/territories were included. Out of the 94 correlates explored, the following associations were consistent: older age, being a boy, non-Chinese ethnicity (Southeast Asia), younger maternal age, higher maternal and paternal television-viewing time with higher SV; higher SV at earlier age with higher SV and total SB; and presence of TV/computer in the bedroom with higher leisure-time SB. We encourage more studies from low- and middle-income Asian countries with an increased focus on different SB domains, further exploration of environmental correlates, and the use of objective measurements to capture SB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kiran Yan Kui
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Natarajan Padmapriya
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Matthias Müller
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.,Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charite University Medical Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Associations between problematic internet use and substance misuse among US college students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
Modern technology rewards constant engagement and discourages sparing use, opening the door to unhealthy use and even addiction. The technological addictions (TAs) are a newly described set of disorders that come with the technological advances that define the new era. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is already codified as a proposed diagnosis in the 5th Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association. Others, such as social media addiction (SMA), are in the earlier stages of our understanding. This article provides an overview of the more common TAs including their evaluation and treatment techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Sherer
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 462 1st Avenue, #NB20N11, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Petros Levounis
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 357 West 29th Street, #3A, New York, NY 10001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gender-related differences in involvement of addiction brain networks in internet gaming disorder: Relationships with craving and emotional regulation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 118:110574. [PMID: 35569619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal interactions among addiction brain networks associated with intoxication, negative affect, and anticipation may have relevance for internet gaming disorder (IGD). Despite prior studies having identified gender-related differences in the neural correlates of IGD, gender-related differences in the involvement of brain networks remain unclear. METHODS One-hundred-and-nine individuals with IGD (54 males) and 111 with recreational game use (RGU; 58 males) provided resting-state fMRI data. We examined gender-related differences in involvement of addiction brain networks in IGD versus RGU subjects. We further compared the strength between and within addiction brain networks and explored possible relationships between the strength of functional connectivities within and between addiction brain networks and several relevant behavioral measures. RESULTS The addiction brain networks showed high correct classification rates in distinguishing IGD and RGU subjects in men and women. Male subjects with versus without IGD showed stronger functional connectivities between and within addiction brain networks. Moreover, the strength of the connectivity within the anticipation network in male IGD subjects was positively related to subjective craving. However, female subjects with versus without IGD showed decreased functional connections between and within addiction brain networks. The strength of connectivity between the anticipation and negative-affect brain networks in female IGD subjects was negatively related to maladaptive cognitive emotion-regulation strategies. CONCLUSIONS Addiction brain networks have potential for distinguishing IGD and RGU individuals. Importantly, this study identified novel gender-related differences in brain-behavior relationships in IGD. These results help advance current neuroscientific theories of IGD and may inform gender-informed treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Latent Classes for the Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder and Buying/Shopping Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133917. [PMID: 35807202 PMCID: PMC9267407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for behavioral addictions is rising among women within the general population and in clinical settings. However, few studies have assessed treatment effectiveness in females. The aim of this work was to explore latent empirical classes of women with gambling disorder (GD) and buying/shopping disorder (BSD) based on the treatment outcome, as well as to identify predictors of the different empirical groups considering the sociodemographic and clinical profiles at baseline. METHOD A clinical sample of n = 318 women seeking treatment for GD (n = 221) or BSD (n = 97) participated. Age was between 21 to 77 years. RESULTS The four latent-classes solution was the optimal classification in the study. Latent class 1 (LT1, good progression to recovery) grouped patients with the best CBT outcomes (lowest risk of dropout and relapses), and it was characterized by the healthiest psychological state at baseline, the lowest scores in harm avoidance and self-transcendence, and the highest scores in reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness. Latent classes 3 (LT3, bad progression to drop-out) and 4 (LT4, bad progression to relapse) grouped women with the youngest mean age, earliest onset of the addictive behaviors, and worst psychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS GD and BSD are complex conditions with multiple interactive causes and impacts, which need wide and flexible treatment plans. Specific interventions should be designed according to the specific profiles of women for achieving early inclusion, retention and well-maintained long-term effects.
Collapse
|
47
|
Digital Addiction and Sleep. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116910. [PMID: 35682491 PMCID: PMC9179985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the World Health Organization formally recognized addiction to digital technology (connected devices) as a worldwide problem, where excessive online activity and internet use lead to inability to manage time, energy, and attention during daytime and produce disturbed sleep patterns or insomnia during nighttime. Recent studies have shown that the problem has increased in magnitude worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent to which dysfunctional sleep is a consequence of altered motivation, memory function, mood, diet, and other lifestyle variables or results from excess of blue-light exposure when looking at digital device screens for long hours at day and night is one of many still unresolved questions. This article offers a narrative overview of some of the most recent literature on this topic. The analysis provided offers a conceptual basis for understanding digital addiction as one of the major reasons why people, and adolescents in particular, sleep less and less well in the digital age. It discusses definitions as well as mechanistic model accounts in context. Digital addiction is identified as functionally equivalent to all addictions, characterized by the compulsive, habitual, and uncontrolled use of digital devices and an excessively repeated engagement in a particular online behavior. Once the urge to be online has become uncontrollable, it is always accompanied by severe sleep loss, emotional distress, depression, and memory dysfunction. In extreme cases, it may lead to suicide. The syndrome has been linked to the known chronic effects of all drugs, producing disturbances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of the GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems. Dopamine and serotonin synaptic plasticity, essential for impulse control, memory, and sleep function, are measurably altered. The full spectrum of behavioral symptoms in digital addicts include eating disorders and withdrawal from outdoor and social life. Evidence pointing towards dysfunctional melatonin and vitamin D metabolism in digital addicts should be taken into account for carving out perspectives for treatment. The conclusions offer a holistic account for digital addiction, where sleep deficit is one of the key factors.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gomez R, Brown T, Gill P, Prokofieva M, Stavropoulos V. Using Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) with Adults: Factor Structure, Reliability, External Validity, and Measurement Invariance Across Age and Gender. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
49
|
Broman N, Prever F, di Giacomo E, Jiménez-Murcia S, Szczegielniak A, Hansson H, Håkansson A. Gambling, Gaming, and Internet Behavior in a Sexual Minority Perspective. A Cross-Sectional Study in Seven European Countries. Front Psychol 2022; 12:707645. [PMID: 35498152 PMCID: PMC9045133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Addictive behavior of gambling, gaming and internet activity is partly a new research domain and has not been well investigated with regard to sexual minority populations. Although health disparities between sexual minorities and the general population are well documented, there is a lack of inclusion of sexual minorities in both research and clinic. Among lesbian, gay and bisexual populations certain features could be present that play a role for the development of addictive behaviors, such as social isolation and increased risk of other psychiatric problems. The aim of this study was to investigate problem gambling, problem gaming and problematic internet behavior in a European context and if it is affected by sexual orientation status. Methods An online web-survey was distributed among web-panels in England, Poland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Denmark, and Sweden in 2017-2018. Result 10 983 complete answers were collected. 7.1% of the participants had a sexual minority status (n = 774). Regression models found that there was no difference in gambling, gaming and internet behavior among heterosexual and sexual minority men. Sexual minority women were associated with problematic gambling and gaming behavior, when also controlling for age and nationality. When also controlling for psychological distress, women defining as having another sexual minority status than lesbian and bisexual remained significant for having a problematic gaming behavior (AOR = 2.3). Conclusion An awareness of female sexual minority perspectives is relevant in facilities treating behavioral addiction as well as in future research in behavioral addiction. More research is needed in problematic gambling and gaming behavior in different sexual minority populations with regard to psychiatric comorbidity and living conditions. An inclusion of sexual minority groups defining as other than gay and bisexual is needed in future research. No significant differences were found between heterosexual and sexual minority men in adjusted analysis in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niroshani Broman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Gambling Disorder Unit, Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fulvia Prever
- National Health System (NHS), Addiction Department, Milan, Italy
- SUN(N)COOP Scientific Director “Women and Gambling Project,” Milan, Italy
| | - Ester di Giacomo
- Section of Forensic Psychiatry, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Psychiatric Department -Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Monza, Italy
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Szczegielniak
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Helena Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Gambling Disorder Unit, Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Age and Gender Considerations with Respect to Gambling-Disorder Severity and Impulsivity and Self-control. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|