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Naspolini NF, Vanzele PAR, Tótolo P, Schüroff PA, Fatori D, Vicentini Neto SA, Barata-Silva C, dos Santos LMG, Fujita A, Passos-Bueno MR, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Campos AC, Carvalho ACPLF, Polanczyk GV, Moreira JC, Taddei CR. Lead contamination in human milk affects infants' language trajectory: results from a prospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1450570. [PMID: 39193201 PMCID: PMC11347280 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1450570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Infants growing up in low- and middle-income countries are at increased risk of suffering adverse childhood experiences, including exposure to environmental pollution and lack of cognitive stimulation. In this study, we aimed to examine the levels of metals in the human milk of women living in São Paulo City, Brazil, and determine the effects on infants' neurodevelopment. For such, a total of 185 human milk samples were analyzed for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We applied the Bayley scales of infant and toddler development Third Edition (Bayley-III) to assess developmental milestones. In our analysis, we found a mean (standard deviation) concentration of As in human milk equal to 2.76 (4.09) μg L-1, followed by Pb 2.09 (5.36) and Hg 1.96 (6.68). Cd was not detected. We observed that infants exposed to Pb presented language trajectories lower than non-exposed infants (β = -0.413; 95% CI -0.653, -0.173) after adjustment for infant age, maternal education, socioeconomic status, infant sex, and sample weights. Our results report As, Pb, and Hg contamination in human milk, and that infant exposure to Pb decreased infants' language development. These results evidence maternal-child environmental exposure and its detrimental impact on infants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro A. R. Vanzele
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Tótolo
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Fatori
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Psicopatologia e Terapeutica Psiquiatrica LIM-23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santos Alves Vicentini Neto
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Barata-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisia Maria Gobbo dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Fujita
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Network AI Statistics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. B. Beltrão-Braga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alline C. Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André C. P. L. F. Carvalho
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V. Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josino Costa Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Taddei
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Jocson C, Nayak B. Newborn with In Utero Lead Toxicity. Neoreviews 2024; 25:e515-e518. [PMID: 39085175 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-8-e515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyndee Jocson
- Department of Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Babina Nayak
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY
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3
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McRae A, Vilcins D, Le HHTC, Gorman J, Brune Drisse MN, Onyon L, Sly PD, Islam MZ. Lead in traditional and complementary medicine: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:111-120. [PMID: 36322973 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead in the environment remains a matter of grave concern for public health. Lead has been associated with some traditional medicines and has been linked to cases of lead poisoning. A comprehensive compilation of these reports has not previously been conducted. The objective of this review is to explore how common is lead exposure after traditional medicine use, and which countries, systems and/or products are of most concern when it comes to lead contamination. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Ovid and EMBASE for studies published between 2005 and 2020. A grey literature search was conducted. Search terms related to lead and traditional medicine were developed for each database, and there were no limitations on language. Studies were included if they examined elevated lead in humans resulting from the use of traditional medicines reported in case reports, case-series, or observational studies. Of the papers discussing lead exposure, 85 case reports were identified and synthesized for the current review. Several themes were identified in the included studies. Traditional medicine has been used in the many parts of the world, however use is more common in South and Southeast Asian countries. The level of detectable lead in products varied widely by region and product types. Consumers of traditional medicines sought products for a wide variety of symptoms and ailments. The symptoms of lead poisoning from traditional medicine use reflected the typical symptom profile of lead poisoning, highlighting the need for awareness of traditional medicine products as a source of lead exposure. Traditional medicine usage remains an important part of health care in many regions, however there is a risk of lead exposure from several products. Health care practitioners in all regions of the world should be aware of the risk and explore the potential for traditional medicine use for patients presenting with elevated blood lead levels. Countries with a strong traditional medicine culture should explore policies for reducing lead exposure from traditional medicine products. JG, LO and MNBD are staff members of the World Health Organization. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus McRae
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Children's Health and Environment, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dwan Vilcins
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Children's Health and Environment, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong Huynh Thi Cam Le
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Children's Health and Environment, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julia Gorman
- Public Health, Environment, and Social Determinants of Disease, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Noel Brune Drisse
- Public Health, Environment, and Social Determinants of Disease, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lesley Onyon
- Public Health, Environment, and Social Determinants of Disease, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Children's Health and Environment, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Children's Health and Environment, Brisbane, Australia
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Schildroth S, Kordas K, White RF, Friedman A, Placidi D, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Claus Henn B. An Industry-Relevant Metal Mixture, Iron Status, and Reported Attention-Related Behaviors in Italian Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27008. [PMID: 38363634 PMCID: PMC10871126 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental metals has been consistently associated with attention and behavioral deficits in children, and these associations may be modified by coexposure to other metals or iron (Fe) status. However, few studies have investigated Fe status as a modifier of a metal mixture, particularly with respect to attention-related behaviors. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study, which included 707 adolescents (10-14 years of age) from Brescia, Italy. Manganese, chromium, and copper were quantified in hair samples, and lead was quantified in whole blood, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Fe status markers (ferritin, hemoglobin, transferrin) were measured using immunoassays or luminescence assays. Attention-related behaviors were assessed using the Conners Rating Scales Self-Report Scale-Long Form, Parent Rating Scales Revised-Short Form, and Teacher Rating Scales Revised-Short Form. We employed Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine associations of the metal mixture with these outcomes and evaluate Fe status as a modifier. RESULTS Higher concentrations of the metals and ferritin were jointly associated with worse self-reported attention-related behaviors: metals and ferritin set to their 90th percentiles were associated with 3.0% [β = 0.03 ; 95% credible interval (CrI): - 0.01 , 0.06], 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08), and 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08) higher T -scores for self-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index, inattention, and hyperactivity, respectively, compared with when metals and ferritin were set to their 50th percentiles. These associations were driven by hair manganese, which exhibited nonlinear associations with all self-reported scales. There was no evidence that Fe status modified the neurotoxicity of the metal mixture. The metal mixture was not materially associated with any parent-reported or teacher-reported scale. CONCLUSIONS The overall metal mixture, driven by manganese, was adversely associated with self-reported attention-related behavior. These findings suggest that exposure to multiple environmental metals impacts adolescent neurodevelopment, which has significant public health implications. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Parithathvi A, Choudhari N, Dsouza HS. Prenatal and early life lead exposure induced neurotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241285523. [PMID: 39340316 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241285523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) has become a major environmental contaminant. There are several ways in which lead can enter the human body and cause toxic effects on human health. This review focuses on the impact of lead toxicity at prenatal and early life stages and its effect on neurodevelopment. Lead exposure to the developing foetus targets foetal neural stem cells. Hence, it has detrimental effects on developing neural and glial cells, adversely influencing cognition and behaviour. Lead has a profound influence on the movement of calcium ions (Ca2+), which can be attributed to most of the mechanisms by which lead affects neurodevelopment. There is no known safe threshold of lead exposure for children. Lead can affect foetal neurodevelopment leading to various neurological disorders, and neurotoxic effects on behavioural and cognitive outcomes. In this review, we discuss prenatal and early-life lead exposure, its mechanism, and consequences for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in later stages of life. This review further highlights the importance of lead exposure during pregnancy and lactation periods as well as early development of the child in understanding the extent of lead-induced neurological damage to the foetus/children and the associated future risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluru Parithathvi
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Neha Choudhari
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Herman S Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Cubello J, Peterson DR, Wang L, Mayer-Proschel M. Maternal Iron Deficiency and Environmental Lead (Pb) Exposure Alter the Predictive Value of Blood Pb Levels on Brain Pb Burden in the Offspring in a Dietary Mouse Model: An Important Consideration for Cumulative Risk in Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:4101. [PMID: 37836385 PMCID: PMC10574741 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal iron deficiency (ID) and environmental lead (Pb) exposure are co-occurring insults that both affect the neurodevelopment of offspring. Few studies have investigated how ID affects brain-region-specific Pb accumulations using human-relevant Pb concentrations. Furthermore, how these Pb exposures impact blood and brain Fe levels remains unclear. Importantly, we also wanted to determine whether the use of blood Pb levels as a surrogate for the brain Pb burden is affected by underlying iron status. We exposed virgin Swiss Webster female mice to one of six conditions differing by iron diet and Pb water concentration (0 ppm, 19 ppm, or 50 ppm lead acetate) and used Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to measure the maternal and offspring circulating, stored, and brain Pb levels. We found that maternal ID rendered the offspring iron-deficient anemic and led to a region-specific depletion of brain Fe that was exacerbated by Pb in a dose-specific manner. The postnatal iron deficiency anemia also exacerbated cortical and hippocampal Pb accumulation. Interestingly, BPb levels only correlated with the brain Pb burden in ID pups but not in IN offspring. We conclude that ID significantly increases the brain Pb burden and that BPb levels alone are insufficient as a clinical surrogate to make extrapolations on the brain Pb burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cubello
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Derick R. Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.R.P.); (L.W.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.R.P.); (L.W.)
| | - Margot Mayer-Proschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Thilakaratne R, Lin PID, Rifas-Shiman SL, Wright RO, Hubbard A, Hivert MF, Bellinger D, Oken E, Cardenas A. Mixtures of Metals and Micronutrients in Early Pregnancy and Cognition in Early and Mid-Childhood: Findings from the Project Viva Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:87008. [PMID: 37585348 PMCID: PMC10431487 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing fetal brain is sensitive to many environmental exposures. However, the independent and joint effects of prenatal exposure to metals and micronutrients on child cognition are not well understood. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate associations of first-trimester (∼ 10 wk) maternal erythrocyte concentrations of mixtures of nonessential and essential metals and micronutrients with early (∼ 3 y) and mid-childhood (∼ 8 y) cognitive test scores in Project Viva, a prebirth cohort in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. METHODS We measured concentrations of five essential metals (Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn) and two micronutrients (vitamin B12 and folate), together termed the "nutrient mixture," as well as six nonessential metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cs, Hg, Pb), together termed the "neurotoxic mixture," in first-trimester (∼ 10 wk) maternal erythrocytes (metals) or plasma (micronutrients). We assessed visual-motor function and receptive vocabulary in early childhood (∼ 3 y), and visual-motor function, visual memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence in mid-childhood (∼ 8 y). We employed adjusted quantile g-computation and linear regression to estimate mixture and individual component associations, respectively. RESULTS Analyses included 900 mother-child pairs (74% college graduates; 52% male children). In mixture analyses, a quartile increase in the nutrient mixture was associated with a mean difference in early childhood receptive vocabulary score of 1.58 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 3.10], driven by Zn and Se. A quartile increase in the neurotoxic mixture was associated with a mean difference in mid-childhood visual-motor score of - 3.01 points (95% CI: - 5.55 , - 0.47 ), driven by Ba and Cs. Linear regressions supported quantile g-computation findings for mixture component contributions. DISCUSSION Maternal circulating concentrations of several essential (Zn and Se) and nonessential (Ba and Cs) metals were associated with some domains of child cognition. In this folate-replete cohort, first-trimester circulating concentrations of known neurotoxic metals, such as Pb, were not associated with child cognition. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwan Thilakaratne
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pi-I D. Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - David Bellinger
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Schildroth S, Friedman A, White RF, Kordas K, Placidi D, Bauer JA, Webster TF, Coull BA, Cagna G, Wright RO, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Associations of an industry-relevant metal mixture with verbal learning and memory in Italian adolescents: The modifying role of iron status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115457. [PMID: 36773645 PMCID: PMC10117691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarker concentrations of metals are associated with neurodevelopment, and these associations may be modified by nutritional status (e.g., iron deficiency). No prior study on associations of metal mixtures with neurodevelopment has assessed effect modification by iron status. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify associations of an industry-relevant metal mixture with verbal learning and memory among adolescents, and to investigate the modifying role of iron status on those associations. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 383 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) living in proximity to ferroalloy industry. Verbal learning and memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C), and metals were quantified in hair (manganese, copper, chromium) or blood (lead) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum ferritin, a proxy for iron status, was measured using immunoassays. Covariate-adjusted associations of the metal mixture with CVLT subtests were estimated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, and modification of the mixture associations by ferritin was examined. RESULTS Compared to the 50th percentile of the metal mixture, the 90th percentile was associated with a 0.12 standard deviation [SD] (95% CI = -0.27, 0.50), 0.16 SD (95% CI = -0.11, 0.44), and 0.11 SD (95% CI = -0.20, 0.43) increase in the number of words recalled for trial 5, long delay free, and long delay cued recall, respectively. For an increase from its 25th to 75th percentiles, copper was beneficially associated the recall trials when other metals were fixed at their 50th percentiles (for example, trial 5 recall: β = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.48). The association between copper and trial 5 recall was stronger at the 75th percentile of ferritin, compared to the 25th or 50th percentiles. CONCLUSIONS In this metal mixture, copper was beneficially associated with neurodevelopment, which was more apparent at higher ferritin concentrations. These findings suggest that metal associations with neurodevelopment may depend on iron status, which has important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami FL, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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9
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Mahdi AA, Ansari JA, Chaurasia P, Ahmad MK, Kunwar S, McClean S, Yogarajah P. A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:94-101. [PMID: 36684497 PMCID: PMC9852413 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a highly toxic element which can cross the placental barrier and enter the fetus during pregnancy. Parental lead exposure has adverse effect on infant as well as on maternal health. As part of our program to investigate the lead poisoning in human population we investigated the maternal blood lead levels (MBLL) and umbilical cord blood lead (UBLL) levels in 200 pregnant women and collected their socio-demographic details. In the study we found high lead levels in both maternal and umbilical cord blood samples. The results showed 47.5% maternal blood (n = 95) detected with lead while 38.5% umbilical cord blood (n = 77) samples had lead concentration higher than that of reference range of ≤ 5 µg/dL. We also found that the Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) revealed a strong positive correlation between the MBLL and UBLL (rs = 0.63). The results from socio-demographic questionnaire demonstrated that the recent home painting (p = 0.002) and residing close proximity to traffic congestion (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with MBLL. Education, mother age, fuel and water sources were not significantly associated with MBLL. Iron and calcium deficiency along with tiredness, lethargy, abdominal pain were also reported in women having high lead level > 5 µg/dL. Concludingly, on the basis of results obtained it may be stated that we found elevated BLLs in both pregnant women as well as in umbilical cord blood. The prevalence of elevated lead levels in mothers will expose the fetus to lead through placental barriers mobilization and it can have long term adverse effects on the developing fetus. Therefore, it is recommended that screening of blood lead levels be carried out in high-risk women based on their social, occupational, environmental, and individual factors. In addition, stringent regulations on lead-based products are also required from government agencies/authorities to reduce environmental lead burden and toxicity. Moreover, public awareness programs should be organized on hazardous effect of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Jamal Akhtar Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, 226003 India
- Department of Chemistry, Shibli National PG College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh 276 001 India
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulters University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Shipra Kunwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Era University, 226003 Lucknow, India
| | - Sally McClean
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Pratheepan Yogarajah
- School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulters University, Londonderry, UK
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10
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The construction and validation of a lead exposure screening tool for pregnant women in Thailand (ThaiL8Is). Heliyon 2022; 8:e12582. [PMID: 36636215 PMCID: PMC9830162 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To construct, validate, and implement a new screening tool for lead exposure in Thai pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study that included three processes: screening tool development, validation, and implementation. The participants were pregnant women who had received antenatal care at district health promotion hospitals. There were 100 pregnant women in Nakhon Si Thammarat province during the validation process, and 30 pregnant women in Phang Nga province during the implementation process. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sensitivity and specificity of the screening instrument, as well as the Area Under the Curve (AUC), demonstrate its validity. Results There were 80 BLL-related items found through the collection of primary and secondary data and examined for validity and inter-rater reliability by five experts. Six items were excluded because the values were less than the criteria set. Seventy-four items remained with the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) = 0.80-1.00, the Content Validity Index Average (S-CVI/Ave) = 0.91, and Kappa scores = 0.76-1.00. After using 74 items collected on pregnant women, only 31 items were included in the validation process. Following that, the pooled eight items with cut-off point scores of 1 had the highest validity, which included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urine sugar, haemoglobin level, occupation, drinking coffee, using chemical products, and education level (ThaiL8Is). The ThaiL8Is in the validation process yielded sensitivity = 80.9%, specificity = 69.8%, and an AUC (95%CI) = 0.78 (0.69-0.87). The implementation process has confirmed the validity of the screening tool; sensitivity = 78.9%, specificity = 81.8%, and the AUC (95%CI) = 0.80 (0.63-0.97). Conclusions The ThaiL8Is a valid screening tool for Thai pregnant women. ThaiL8Is' sensitivity in detecting the risk groups for lead exposure can be enhanced by a combination of biochemical markers used in routine prenatal screening. It can be used to screen pregnant women for early indicators of lead exposure prior to a blood lead test.
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11
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Schildroth S, Kordas K, Bauer JA, Wright RO, Claus Henn B. Environmental Metal Exposure, Neurodevelopment, and the Role of Iron Status: a Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:758-787. [PMID: 35997893 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to environmental metals, like lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and methylmercury (Me-Hg), has consistently been implicated in neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Recent research has focused on identifying modifying factors of metal neurotoxicity in childhood, such as age, sex, and co-exposures. Iron (Fe) status is critical for normal cognitive development during childhood, and current mechanistic, animal, and human evidence suggests that Fe status may be a modifier or mediator of associations between environmental metals and neurodevelopment. The goals of this review are to describe the current state of the epidemiologic literature on the role of Fe status (i.e., hemoglobin, ferritin, blood Fe concentrations) and Fe supplementation in the relationship between metals and children's neurodevelopment, and to identify research gaps. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 30 studies in PubMed and EMBASE that assessed Fe status as a modifier, mediator, or co-exposure of associations of Pb, Me-Hg, Mn, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), or metal mixtures measured in early life (prenatal period through 8 years of age) with cognition in children. In experimental studies, co-supplementation of Fe and Zn was associated with better memory and cognition than supplementation with either metal alone. Several observational studies reported interactions between Fe status and Pb, Mn, Zn, or As in relation to developmental indices, memory, attention, and behavior, whereby adverse associations of metals with cognition were worse among Fe-deficient children compared to Fe-sufficient children. Only two studies quantified joint associations of complex metal mixtures that included Fe with neurodevelopment, though findings from these studies were not consistent. Findings support memory and attention as two possible cognitive domains that may be both vulnerable to Fe deficiency and a target of metals toxicity. Major gaps in the literature remain, including evaluating Fe status as a modifier or mediator of metal mixtures and cognition. Given that Fe deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, characterizing Fe status in studies of metals toxicity is important for informing public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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12
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Ventre S, Desai G, Roberson R, Kordas K. Toxic metal exposures from infant diets: Risk prevention strategies for caregivers and health care professionals. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2022; 52:101276. [PMID: 36266220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concerns are growing regarding the presence of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the ingredients and prepared foods for infants and young children. There are few clear, evidence-based, guidelines on the maximum tolerable limits of toxicants in foods and little understanding of toxicant exposure or adverse health effects attributable to dietary exposure. Caregivers are faced with the burden of making decisions about which foods to select, how often to feed them to their children, and what foods to limit. This article reviews the current literature and existing recommendations on dietary exposure to toxic elements in children under 2 years of age, and their health effects in early childhood-focusing on growth, neurodevelopment, and immune function. The article also outlines best practices for healthcare providers to address the concerns of toxic element exposure through the diet in young children. Several foods consistently appear in the literature as potential sources of toxic element exposure. Contaminated drinking and cooking water, including water used to prepare infant formula, could also be a major exposure source. In the absence of stronger evidence on effects of dietary modification, exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age, followed by a diverse diet are some strategies to reduce dietary toxic element exposure while ensuring an adequate and balanced nutrient intake. Healthcare providers can support families by sharing information and encouraging blood Pb testing, the only element for which such testing is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ventre
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, USA; New York State Children's Environmental Health Center, USA.
| | - Gauri Desai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
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13
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No association between prenatal lead exposure and neurodevelopment during early childhood in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15305. [PMID: 36097036 PMCID: PMC9468004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the relatively well-investigated effects of childhood exposure to lead on neurocognitive deficits, those of prenatal exposure remain relatively inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between prenatal blood lead levels and neurodevelopmental delay during the first three years of life. From a prospective cohort of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, we analyzed a total of 80,759 children. The exposure factors were prenatal lead concentrations measured from maternal whole blood in the second/third trimesters and umbilical cord blood at birth. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months old using a screening tool, the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition (ASQ). The outcome measures were any suspected neurodevelopmental delay (sNDD) identified via the ASQ during the first (sNDD-1Y), second (sNDD-2Y), and third (sNDD-3Y) years of life. sNDD-1Y, 2Y, and 3Y were identified in 18.0%, 16.2%, and 17.2% of children, respectively. The geometric means of blood lead concentration in this study were much lower (0.62 μg/dL in maternal blood and 0.50 μg/dL in cord blood) than previously investigated levels. Multivariable regression models revealed that there were no associations between maternal blood lead and sNDD-1Y and 2Y and between cord blood lead and sNDD-1Y, 2Y, and 3Y. Although a higher maternal blood lead was associated with a reduced risk of sNDD-3Y (adjusted relative risk: 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.75–0.94, per 1 increase in common logarithm of lead concentration), there were no dose–response relationships in the analysis using quintiles of lead concentrations. Using a large-scale data set, the present study demonstrated no convincing evidence for an inverse association between levels of prenatal blood lead and neurodevelopment in early childhood. Longitudinal measurements of prenatal and postnatal lead levels are needed to understand the relationship between lead exposure and neurocognitive development.
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14
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Cardenas-Iniguez C, Burnor E, Herting MM. Neurotoxicants, the Developing Brain, and Mental Health. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:223-232. [PMID: 35911498 PMCID: PMC9337627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While life in urban environments may confer a number of benefits, it may also result in a variety of exposures, with toxic consequences for neurodevelopment and neuropsychological health. Neurotoxicants are any of a large number of chemicals or substances that interfere with normal function and/or compromise adaptation in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Evidence suggests that neurotoxicant effects have a greater effect when occurring in utero and during early childhood. Recent findings exploring neural-level mechanisms provide a crucial opportunity to explore the ways in which environmental conditions may get "under the skin" to impact a number of psychological behaviors and cognitive processes, ultimately allowing for greater synergy between macro- and microlevel efforts to improve mental health in the presence of neurotoxicant exposures. In this review, we provide an overview of 3 types of neurotoxicants related to the built environment and relevant to brain development during childhood and adolescence: lead exposure, outdoor particulate matter pollution, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We also discuss mechanisms through which these neurotoxicants affect central nervous system function, including recent evidence from neuroimaging literature. Furthermore, we discuss neurotoxicants and mental health during development in the context of social determinants and how differences in the spatial distribution of neurotoxicant exposures result in health disparities that disproportionately affect low-income and minority populations. Multifaceted approaches incorporating social systems and their effect on neurotoxicant exposures and downstream mental health will be key to reduce societal costs and improve quality of life for children, adolescents, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elisabeth Burnor
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Schildroth S, Friedman A, Bauer JA, Claus Henn B. Associations of a metal mixture with iron status in U.S. adolescents: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:67-89. [PMID: 35445799 PMCID: PMC9492632 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is needed for normal development in adolescence. Exposure to individual environmental metals (e.g., lead) has been associated with altered iron status in adolescence, but little is known about the cumulative associations of multiple metals with Fe status. We used data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine associations between a metal mixture (lead, manganese, cadmium, selenium) and iron status in 588 U.S. adolescents (12-17 years). We estimated cumulative and interactive associations of the metal mixture with five iron status metrics using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). Higher concentrations of manganese and cadmium were associated with lower log-transformed ferritin concentrations. Interactions were observed between manganese, cadmium, and lead for ferritin and the transferrin receptor, where iron status tended to be worse at higher concentrations of all metals. These results may reflect competition between environmental metals and iron for cellular uptake. Mixed metal exposures may alter normal iron function, which has implications for adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, Hanover, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Lead exposure of rats during and after pregnancy induces anti-myelin proteolytic activity: a potential mechanism for lead-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2022; 472:153179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Heng YY, Asad I, Coleman B, Menard L, Benki-Nugent S, Hussein Were F, Karr CJ, McHenry MS. Heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265536. [PMID: 35358213 PMCID: PMC8970501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of harmful environmental exposures, which disproportionately affects low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), contributes to >25% of deaths and diseases worldwide and detrimentally affects child neurodevelopment. Few resources succinctly summarize the existing literature on this topic. Our objective is to systematically review and characterize the evidence regarding the relationship between heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a medical librarian-curated search on multiple online databases to identify articles that included individuals <18 years living in a LMIC, quantitatively measured exposure to a heavy metal (either prenatal or postnatal), and used a standardized measurement of neurodevelopment (i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and behavior). Reviews, editorials, or case studies were excluded. Results were analyzed qualitatively, and quality was assessed. RESULTS Of the 18,043 screened articles, 298 full-text articles were reviewed, and 100 articles met inclusion criteria. The included studies represented data from 19 LMICs, only one of which was classified as a low-income country. Ninety-four percent of postnatal lead and all postnatal manganese studies showed a negative association with metal exposure and neurodevelopment, which were the strongest relationships among the metals studied. Postnatal exposure of mercury was associated with poor neurodevelopment in only half of studies. Limited data on postnatal arsenic and cadmium suggests an association with worse neurodevelopment. Findings were mixed for prenatal arsenic and lead, although some evidence supports that the neurotoxicity of lead was amplified in the presence of manganese. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL IMPACT We found that lead and manganese appear to consistently have a detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of children, and more evidence is needed for mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Better characterization of these effects can motivate and inform prioritization of much needed international policies and programs to reduce heavy metal exposures for young children within LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan Heng
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Iqra Asad
- School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bailey Coleman
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura Menard
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Benki-Nugent
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Faridah Hussein Were
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological and Physical Sciences of the University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Megan S McHenry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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18
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Morton SU, Leyshon BJ, Tamilia E, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Ladha I, Lasekan JB, Kuchan MJ, Grant PE, Ou Y. A Role for Data Science in Precision Nutrition and Early Brain Development. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892259. [PMID: 35815018 PMCID: PMC9259898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide biomarkers of early influences on neurodevelopment such as nutrition, environmental and genetic factors. As the exposure to early influences can be separated from neurodevelopmental outcomes by many months or years, MRI markers can serve as an important intermediate outcome in multivariate analyses of neurodevelopmental determinants. Key to the success of such work are recent advances in data science as well as the growth of relevant data resources. Multimodal MRI assessment of neurodevelopment can be supplemented with other biomarkers of neurodevelopment such as electroencephalograms, magnetoencephalogram, and non-imaging biomarkers. This review focuses on how maternal nutrition impacts infant brain development, with three purposes: (1) to summarize the current knowledge about how nutrition in stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding impact infant brain development; (2) to discuss multimodal MRI and other measures of early neurodevelopment; and (3) to discuss potential opportunities for data science and artificial intelligence to advance precision nutrition. We hope this review can facilitate the collaborative march toward precision nutrition during pregnancy and the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Imran Ladha
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Bozack AK, Rifas-Shiman SL, Coull BA, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Amarasiriwardena C, Gold DR, Oken E, Hivert MF, Cardenas A. Prenatal metal exposure, cord blood DNA methylation and persistence in childhood: an epigenome-wide association study of 12 metals. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:208. [PMID: 34798907 PMCID: PMC8605513 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to essential and non-essential metals impacts birth and child health, including fetal growth and neurodevelopment. DNA methylation (DNAm) may be involved in pathways linking prenatal metal exposure and health. In the Project Viva cohort, we analyzed the extent to which metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn) measured in maternal erythrocytes were associated with differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) in cord blood and tested if associations persisted in blood collected in mid-childhood. We measured metal concentrations in first-trimester maternal erythrocytes, and DNAm in cord blood (N = 361) and mid-childhood blood (N = 333, 6-10 years) with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. For each metal individually, we tested for DMPs using linear models (considered significant at FDR < 0.05), and for DMRs using comb-p (Sidak p < 0.05). Covariates included biologically relevant variables and estimated cell-type composition. We also performed sex-stratified analyses. RESULTS Pb was associated with decreased methylation of cg20608990 (CASP8) (FDR = 0.04), and Mn was associated with increased methylation of cg02042823 (A2BP1) in cord blood (FDR = 9.73 × 10-6). Both associations remained significant but attenuated in blood DNAm collected at mid-childhood (p < 0.01). Two and nine Mn-associated DMPs were identified in male and female infants, respectively (FDR < 0.05), with two and six persisting in mid-childhood (p < 0.05). All metals except Ba and Pb were associated with ≥ 1 DMR among all infants (Sidak p < 0.05). Overlapping DMRs annotated to genes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region were identified for Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mg, and Mn. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal metal exposure is associated with DNAm, including DMRs annotated to genes involved in neurodevelopment. Future research is needed to determine if DNAm partially explains the relationship between prenatal metal exposures and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bozack
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York City, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York City, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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20
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Boyle J, Yeter D, Aschner M, Wheeler DC. Estimated IQ points and lifetime earnings lost to early childhood blood lead levels in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146307. [PMID: 34030355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is no safe detectable level of lead (Pb) in the blood of children. Blood lead levels (BLLs) at ages 6-24 months ≥2 μg/dL result in lost grade school intelligence quotient (IQ) points at ages 5-10 years. Black children continue to have the highest BLLs in the United States. Therefore, we examined currently undetermined racial/ethnic disparities in anticipated IQ points and associated lifetime earnings lost to early childhood blood lead. We conducted secondary analysis of infants with blood lead (in μg/dL) measured at ages 12-24 months by the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 1999 to 2010. Nationally-representative estimates were produced using weighted simulation model. A total of 1241 infants were included from the NHANES sample (52% male; mean [SD] age, 18.5 [3.5] months; 25% Black [non-Hispanic], 42% Hispanic [any race], 5% Other/Multiracial, and 29% White [non-Hispanic]) after excluding 811 without BLL determinations. For national outcomes, Black infants experienced approximately 46-55% greater average estimated loss of grade school IQ points from blood lead than Hispanic or White infants (-1.78 IQ points vs. -1.15 and -1.21 respectively) with similar disparities in costs to expected lifetime earnings (-$47,116 USD vs. -$30,393 and -$32,356 respectively). Our estimated nationwide costs of IQ points lost to BLLs during this 12-year period totaled $554 billion ($46.2 billion/year), in which blood lead <5 μg/dL accounted for 74% of this total burden. We report two aspects of the substantial national costs attributable to lead exposure in just the second year of life alone, which disproportionately impact predominately African-American Black infants from continuing legacies of environmental racism in lead exposure. Our findings underscore the remarkably high costs from recognized hazards of blood lead even at the lowest levels and the importance of primary prevention regarding childhood lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Boyle
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Deniz Yeter
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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21
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Rygiel CA, Dolinoy DC, Bakulski KM, Aung MT, Perng W, Jones TR, Solano-González M, Hu H, Tellez-Rojo MM, Schnaas L, Marcela E, Peterson KE, Goodrich JM. DNA methylation at birth potentially mediates the association between prenatal lead (Pb) exposure and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2021; 7:dvab005. [PMID: 34141453 PMCID: PMC8206046 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life lead (Pb) exposure has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Recent evidence has indicated a critical role of DNA methylation (DNAm) in cognition, and Pb exposure has also been shown to alter DNAm. However, it is unknown whether DNAm is part of the mechanism of Pb neurotoxicity. This longitudinal study investigated the associations between trimester-specific (T1, T2, and T3) maternal blood Pb concentrations, gene-specific DNAm in umbilical cord blood, and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of age (mental development index, psychomotor development index, and behavioral rating scale of orientation/engagement and emotional regulation) among 85 mother-infant pairs from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. In the mediation analysis for this pilot study, P < 0.1 was considered significant. DNAm at a locus in CCSER1 (probe ID cg02901723) mediated the association between T2 Pb on 24-month orientation/engagement [indirect effect estimate 4.44, 95% confidence interval (-0.09, 10.68), P = 0.06] and emotional regulation [3.62 (-0.05, 8.69), P = 0.05]. Cg18515027 (GCNT1) DNAm mediated the association of T1 Pb [-4.94 (-10.6, -0.77), P = 0.01] and T2 Pb [-3.52 (-8.09, -0.36), P = 0.02] with 24-month EMOCI, but there was a positive indirect effect estimate between T2 Pb and 24-month psychomotor development index [1.25 (-0.11, 3.32), P = 0.09]. The indirect effect was significant for cg19703494 (TRAPPC6A) DNAm in the association between T2 Pb and 24-month mental development index [1.54 (0, 3.87), P = 0.05]. There was also an indirect effect of cg23280166 (VPS11) DNAm on T3 Pb and 24-month EMOCI [2.43 (-0.16, 6.38), P = 0.08]. These associations provide preliminary evidence for gene-specific DNAm as mediators between prenatal Pb and adverse cognitive outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Rygiel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, 12474 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tamara R Jones
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Calle Montes Urales 800, Lomas - Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Secc, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Erika Marcela
- National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Calle Montes Urales 800, Lomas - Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Secc, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Gatzke-Kopp LM, Warkentien S, Willoughby M, Fowler C, Folch DC, Blair C. Proximity to sources of airborne lead is associated with reductions in Children's executive function in the first four years of life. Health Place 2021; 68:102517. [PMID: 33540187 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although policies to remove lead from gasoline have resulted in a substantial reduction in airborne lead, multiple industries are known to generate lead that is released in the air. The present study examines the extent to which residential proximity to a documented source of airborne lead is associated with intellectual and executive function in children. Data were available for n = 849 children from the Family Life Project. Geolocation for children's residences between birth and 36 months were referenced against the Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) database, which estimates exposure for each ½ mile grid in the contiguous United States. Instrumental variable models were employed to estimate causal associations between exposure and cognitive outcomes measured at 36, 48, and 60 months, using census-documented density of manufacturing employment as the instrument. Models of continuous lead dosage indicated small negative effects for both child IQ and executive function (EF). These results indicate that RSEI estimates of airborne lead exposure are meaningfully associated with decrements in cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Siri Warkentien
- Education and Workforce Development, RTI International, Washington, DC, 20005, USA
| | - Michael Willoughby
- Education and Workforce Development, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Chris Fowler
- Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David C Folch
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Recreation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Clancy Blair
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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23
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Bauer JA, Fruh V, Howe CG, White RF, Henn BC. Associations of metals and neurodevelopment: a review of recent evidence on susceptibility factors. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2020; 7:237-262. [PMID: 33777647 PMCID: PMC7993302 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiologic evidence exists that many metals are associated with adverse neurobehavioral effects in young children, including lead (Pb), methylmercury (meHg), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As)5-8. Importantly, chemical insult can vary depending on host factors and exposure circumstance. This systematic review summarizes the recent literature investigating modifying factors of the associations between metals and neurodevelopment, including immutable traits (sex or genetics) or exposure conditions (timing or co-exposures). RECENT FINDINGS Of the 53 studies included in this review, the number investigating modification of exposure effects were: 30 for sex, 21 for co-exposures, 12 for timing of exposure, and six for genetic modifiers. Sex-specific effects of metal-neurobehavioral associations were inconclusive for all metals, likely due to the heterogeneity of outcome domains assessed and the exposure time points measured. Seven studies evaluated both sex and exposure timing as modifying factors using deciduous teeth or other biomarkers with repeated measures to characterize metals exposure over time. Only five studies used statistical methods for mixtures to evaluate associations of more than two metals with neurobehavioral domains. SUMMARY Despite the expansion of research on susceptibility to the neurodevelopmental effects of metals exposure, considerable gaps remain. This work remains critical, as characterizing susceptible subpopulations can aid in identifying biological mechanisms and is fundamental for the protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Oktapodas Feiler M, Caserta MT, van Wijngaarden E, Thevenet-Morrison K, Hardy DJ, Zhang YV, Dozier AM, Lawrence BP, Jusko TA. Environmental Lead Exposure and Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnoses in Young Children: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207625. [PMID: 33086756 PMCID: PMC7590174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that environmental toxicants may influence susceptibility to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The objective of the present study was to estimate the association between blood lead concentrations and the odds of child influenza or RSV infection. A test-negative, case-control study was conducted among 617 children, <4 years of age, tested for influenza/RSV from 2012-2017 in Rochester, NY. There were 49 influenza cases (568 controls) and 123 RSV cases (494 controls). Blood lead concentrations reported in children's medical records were linked with influenza/RSV lab test results. Covariables were collected from medical records, birth certificates, and U.S. census data. In this sample, evidence of an association between blood lead levels and RSV or influenza diagnosis was not observed. Children with a lead level ≥1 μg/dL vs. <1 μg/dL had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence limit of 0.95 (0.60, 1.49) for RSV and 1.34 (0.65, 2.75) for influenza. In sex-specific analyses, boys with lead concentrations ≥1 μg/dL vs. <1 μg/dL had an aOR = 1.89 (1.25, 2.86) for influenza diagnosis, while the estimates were inconsistent for girls. These results are suggestive of sex-specific associations between blood lead levels and the risk of influenza, although the sample size was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Oktapodas Feiler
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (E.v.W.); (B.P.L.); (T.A.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mary T. Caserta
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (E.v.W.); (B.P.L.); (T.A.J.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (K.T.-M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (K.T.-M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Dwight J. Hardy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Yan Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Ann M. Dozier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (K.T.-M.); (A.M.D.)
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (E.v.W.); (B.P.L.); (T.A.J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Todd A. Jusko
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (E.v.W.); (B.P.L.); (T.A.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (K.T.-M.); (A.M.D.)
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25
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McCann S, Perapoch Amadó M, Moore SE. The Role of Iron in Brain Development: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2001. [PMID: 32635675 PMCID: PMC7400887 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One-third of children falter in cognitive development by pre-school age. Iron plays an important role in many neurodevelopmental processes, and animal studies suggest that iron sufficiency in pregnancy and infancy is particularly important for neurodevelopment. However, it is not clear whether iron deficiency directly impacts developmental outcomes, and, if so, whether impact differs by timing of exposure or developmental domain. We searched four databases for studies on iron deficiency or iron supplementation in pregnancy, or at 0-6 months, 6-24 months, or 2-4 years of age. All studies included neurodevelopmental assessments in infants or children up to 4 years old. We then qualitatively synthesized the literature. There was no clear relationship between iron status and developmental outcomes across any of the time windows or domains included. We identified a large quantity of low-quality studies, significant heterogeneity in study design and a lack of research focused on pregnancy and early infancy. In summary, despite good mechanistic evidence for the role of iron in brain development, evidence for the impact of iron deficiency or iron supplementation on early development is inconsistent. Further high-quality research is needed, particularly within pregnancy and early infancy, which has previously been neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha McCann
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK;
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Marta Perapoch Amadó
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK;
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
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26
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Drago G, Ruggieri S, Bianchi F, Sampino S, Cibella F. Birth Cohorts in Highly Contaminated Sites: A Tool for Monitoring the Relationships Between Environmental Pollutants and Children's Health. Front Public Health 2020; 8:125. [PMID: 32411642 PMCID: PMC7198735 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial areas are characterized by the dispersion of environmental stressors that could possibly have long-term detrimental effects on both human health and the environment. Environmental contamination has been indicated to be one of the major risks for reproductive health. In this context, the effects of environmental pollution on pregnant women living in heavily polluted areas is of special interest. In fact, fetal development is a crucial phase due to the dynamic interaction between the maternal/external environments and the developing organs and tissues. Moreover, following Barker's postulate of the intrauterine origin of health and disease, the events occurring in this time window could affect future health. Birth cohorts provide the most suitable design for assessing the association between early-life and possible long-term health outcomes in highly contaminated sites. By providing an assessment of the early life environment throughout the collection of biological samples, birth cohorts offer the opportunity to study in-depth several possible confounders and outcomes by means of questionnaires and follow-ups based on clinical evaluations and bio-specimen samplings. The exposome comprises the totality of exposures from conception onwards; the birth cohort approach allows the integration of the exposures as a whole, including those related to socioeconomic status, with "omics" data from biological samples collected at birth and throughout life. In the characterization of the "fetal exposome," the placenta represents a highly informative and scarcely considered organ. For this purpose, the "Neonatal Environment and Health Outcomes" (NEHO) birth cohort has been established by enrolling pregnant women residing in contaminated sites and in surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Drago
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestre Sampino
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Fabio Cibella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
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27
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Shah S, Jeong KS, Park H, Hong YC, Kim Y, Kim B, Chang N, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim BN, Kwon H, Bae S, Kim HC, Leem JH, Park EK, Joo H, Park B, Ha M, Ha E. Environmental pollutants affecting children's growth and development: Collective results from the MOCEH study, a multi-centric prospective birth cohort in Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105547. [PMID: 32088541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study (MOCEH) is a multi-centric prospective birth cohort study investigating effects of various environmental pollutants like heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, air pollutants, nutrition and lifestyle on birth outcomes, growth and development, health and disease of children. In this study, we report all the outcomes from the MOCEH study describing the different environmental pollutants affecting children's health and disease. METHODS In MOCEH study, 1,751 pregnant women in their first trimester were recruited at 3 centers from 2006 to 2010 in South Korea. The children were followed from birth up to 6 years. Information on health outcomes of children including birth parameters, demographic characteristics, medical and child-rearing history, and nutritional status, were repeatedly obtained through the follow-ups by questionnaires administration, clinical evaluation, and biological specimen collection and measurements. Prenatal and postnatal measurement in biospecimen, i.e., lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, malonadialdehyde, hippuric acid, bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites, and measurement in air samples, i.e., particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and total volatile organic compounds were performed. RESULTS The results show the adverse effect of prenatal exposure to heavy metals like mercury, lead and cadmium on children's physical, cognitive and neurobehavioral development. Exposure to endocrine disruptors, air pollution, second hand smoke, and mother's lifestyle during pregnancy affects children's growth and development. We also identified specific window periods of exposure of pollutants significantly related to children's health outcomes. CONCLUSION The collective results from MOCEH study provide strong scientific evidence that exposures to prenatal and postnatal environmental pollutants have a negative effect on growth and development of children, which will be useful in implementing effective national policy to improve children's environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yeter D, Banks EC, Aschner M. Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1552. [PMID: 32121216 PMCID: PMC7084658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is no safe detectable level of lead (Pb) in the blood of young children. In the United States, predominantly African-American Black children are exposed to more Pb and present with the highest mean blood lead levels (BLLs). However, racial disparity has not been fully examined within risk factors for early childhood Pb exposure. Therefore, we conducted secondary analysis of blood Pb determinations for 2841 US children at ages 1-5 years with citizenship examined by the cross-sectional 1999 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The primary measures were racial disparities for continuous BLLs or an elevated BLL (EBLL) ≥5 µg/dL in selected risk factors between non-Hispanic Black children (n = 608) and both non-Hispanic White (n = 1208) or Hispanic (n = 1025) children. Selected risk factors included indoor household smoking, low income or poverty, older housing built before 1978 or 1950, low primary guardian education <12th grade/general education diploma (GED), or younger age between 1 and 3 years. Data were analyzed using a regression model corrected for risk factors and other confounding variables. Overall, Black children had an adjusted +0.83 µg/dL blood Pb (95% CI 0.65 to 1.00, p < 0.001) and a 2.8 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9, p < 0.001). When stratified by risk factor group, Black children had an adjusted 0.73 to 1.41 µg/dL more blood Pb (p < 0.001 respectively) and a 1.8 to 5.6 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (p ≤ 0.05 respectively) for every selected risk factor that was tested. For Black children nationwide, one in four residing in pre-1950 housing and one in six living in poverty presented with an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL. In conclusion, significant nationwide racial disparity in blood Pb outcomes persist for predominantly African-American Black children even after correcting for risk factors and other variables. This racial disparity further persists within housing, socio-economic, and age-related risk factors of blood Pb outcomes that are much more severe for Black children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yeter
- Independent Researcher, Kansas City, KS 66104, USA
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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29
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Polevoy C, Arbuckle TE, Oulhote Y, Lanphear BP, Cockell KA, Muckle G, Saint-Amour D. Prenatal exposure to legacy contaminants and visual acuity in Canadian infants: a maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals study (MIREC-ID). Environ Health 2020; 19:14. [PMID: 32028962 PMCID: PMC7006412 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants can have deleterious effects on child development. While psychomotor, cognitive and behavioural outcomes have been investigated in relation to chronic exposure, the associations with visual functions remains unclear. The present study's aim was to assess the associations of prenatal exposure to legacy persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals with visual acuity in Canadian infants. The potential protective effects of selenium against mercury toxicity were also examined. METHODS Participants (mean corrected age = 6.6 months) were part of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), lead and mercury were measured in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the cord blood. The Teller acuity card test (TAC) (n = 429) and the visual evoked potentials in a sub-group (n = 63) were used to estimate behavioural and electrophysiological visual acuity, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between exposure to each contaminant and visual acuity measures, while controlling for potential confounders. Breastmilk selenium, which was available for about half of the TAC and VEP samples, was also taken into account in the mercury models as exploratory analyses. RESULTS We observed no significant associations between exposure to any contaminants and TAC. Analyses revealed a negative trend (p values < 0.1) between cord blood lead and mercury and electrophysiological visual acuity, whereas PCB and PBDE showed no association. When adding breastmilk selenium concentration to the mercury models, this association became statistically significant for cord concentrations (β = - 3.41, 95% CI = - 5.96,-0.86), but also for blood levels at 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy (β = - 3.29, 95% CI = - 5.69,-0.88). However, further regression models suggested that this change in estimates might not be due to adjustment for selenium, but instead to a change in the study sample. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that subtle, but detectable alterations of infant electrophysiological visual acuity can be identified in a population prenatally exposed to low mercury concentrations. Compared to behavioural visual acuity testing, electrophysiological assessment may more sensitive in detecting visual neurotoxicity in relation with prenatal exposure to mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Polevoy
- Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, QC, Montréal, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Montréal, Canada
| | - T E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Y Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public health and health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - B P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - K A Cockell
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Muckle
- École de psychologie, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - D Saint-Amour
- Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, QC, Montréal, Canada.
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Montréal, Canada.
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, QC, Montréal, Canada.
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Ohtsu M, Mise N, Ikegami A, Mizuno A, Kobayashi Y, Nakagi Y, Nohara K, Yoshida T, Kayama F. Oral exposure to lead for Japanese children and pregnant women, estimated using duplicate food portions and house dust analyses. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:72. [PMID: 31805868 PMCID: PMC6896297 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a toxic metal abundant in the environment. Consumption of food contaminated at low levels of lead, especially by small children and pregnant women, raises a health concern. METHODS Duplicated food portions and drinking water were collected over 3 days from 88 children and 87 pregnant women in Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. Participants were recruited in this study between January 2014 and October 2015. Dust was also collected from their homes. Lead concentrations were measured and consequent oral lead exposure levels were estimated for this population at high risk to environmental toxicants. Lead concentrations of peripheral and cord blood, taken from children and pregnant women, and were also analyzed. RESULTS Lead concentrations in food, drinking water, and house dust were low in general. Oral lead exposure to lead was higher for children (Mean ± SEM; 5.21 ± 0.30 μg/kg BW/week) than in pregnant women (1.47 ± 0.13 μg/kg BW/week). Food and house dust were main sources of lead contamination, but the contribution of house dust widely varied. Means ± SEM of peripheral and cord blood lead concentrations were 0.69 ± 0.04 μg/dL and 0.54 ± 0.05 μg/dL, respectively for pregnant women and 1.30 ± 0.07 μg/dL (peripheral only) in children. We detect no correlation between smoking situations and blood lead concentration in pregnant women. CONCLUSION We conclude that oral lead exposure levels for Japanese children and pregnant women were generally low, with higher concentrations and exposure for children than for pregnant women. More efforts are necessary to clarify the sources of lead contamination and reduce lead exposure of the population at high risk even in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ohtsu
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nathan Mise
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Ikegami
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Atsuko Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kobayashi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakagi
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8802, Japan
| | - Keiko Nohara
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yoshida
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8802, Japan
| | - Fujio Kayama
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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Tsai MS, Chen MH, Lin CC, Liu CY, Chen PC. Children's environmental health based on birth cohort studies of Asia (2) - air pollution, pesticides, and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108754. [PMID: 31563033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The life style and child raising environment in Asia are quite different compared with Western countries. Besides, the children's environmental threats and difficulties in conducting studies could be different. To address children's environmental health in Asia area, the Birth Cohort Consortium of Asia (BiCCA) was co-established in 2011. We reviewed the mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl substances, phthalates, and environmental tobacco smoke in pervious based on birth cohort studies in Asia. The aim of this study was to summarize the traditional environmental pollution and the target subjects were also based on the birth cohort in Asia area. Environmental pollutants included air pollutants, pesticides focusing on organochlorine pesticides, diakylphosphates, and pyrethroid, and heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, vanadium, and thallium. Fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes, childhood growth and obesity, neurodevelopment and behavioral problems, and allergic disease and immune function were classified to elucidate the children's health effects. In total, 106 studies were selected in this study. The evidences showed air pollution or pesticides may affect growth during infancy or childhood, and associated with neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems. Prenatal exposure to lead or manganese was associated with neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems, while exposure to arsenic or cadmium may influence fetal growth. In addition to the harmonization and international collaboration of birth cohorts in Asia; however, understand the whole picture of exposure scenario and consider more discipline in the research are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Office of Occupational Safety and Health, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Takahashi K, Tanaka K, Nakamura Y, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Arakawa M, Miyake Y. Calcium intake during pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of emotional and hyperactivity problems in five-year-old Japanese children. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:762-769. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1676971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Takahashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Food Science & Technology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakamura
- Food Science & Technology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okubo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Health Tourism Research Fields, Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
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Lin CH, Lin WD, Chou IC, Lee IC, Hong SY. Infants of Mothers With Diabetes and Subsequent Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:452. [PMID: 31750280 PMCID: PMC6844289 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of fetal, neonatal, and long-term complications in offspring. Although this has been widely known for decades, data are limited regarding the effect of maternal pregestational and gestational diabetes on the subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome of offspring. This study investigated whether infants of mothers with diabetes (IDMs) were associated with a risk of subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objectives: We collected data from newborn infants born to mothers with gestational or pregestational diabetes at China Medical University Children's Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2012. These patients were followed to evaluate their risk of ADHD (IDM group) compared with that for those born to mothers without DM (non-IDM group). Several assumed perinatal risk factors accompanying the IDMs were also analyzed. Results: Overall, 104 patients with average gestational ages of 36.5 weeks were included in the IDM group. Additionally, 110 patients with average gestational ages of 36.6 weeks were included in the non-IDM group. Compared with non-IDMs (reference), the overall risk of ADHD in IDMs was 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI)P, 1.11-5.90; p = 0.03]. Furthermore, the risk of ADHD among male (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.37-10.3; p = 0.001) and full-term infants [odds ratio (OR), 4.5; 95% CI, 1.16-17.6; p = 0.03] in the IDMs was higher than that in the non-IDM group. No significant differences were found among IDMs for the assumed perinatal risk factors that were analyzed. Conclusions: The study revealed a higher incidence rate of ADHD in IDMs, especially male and full-term infants. It is crucial for pediatricians to identify the early symptoms neurodevelopmental disorders, especially ADHD, in children of diabetic mothers to initiate proper assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Heng Lin
- Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, China Medical Univeristy Children's Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical Univeristy Children's Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Chi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical Univeristy Children's Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Abstract
Toxic chemicals, either from natural sources or man-made, are ubiquitous in our environment. Many of the synthetic chemicals make life more comfortable and therefore production continues to grow. Simultaneously with the increase in production, an increase in neurodevelopmental disorders has been observed. Some chemicals are not biodegradable or have a very long half-life time and, despite the fact that production of a number of those chemicals has been severely reduced, they are still ubiquitous in the environment. Fetal exposure to toxic chemicals is dependent on maternal exposure to those chemicals and the developing stage of the fetus. Human evidence from epidemiologic studies is described with regard to the effect of prenatal exposure to various groups of neurotoxicants (alcohol, particulate fine matter, metals, and endocrine disrupting chemicals) on neurobehavior development. Data indicate that prenatal exposure to alcohol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, methylmercury (MeHg), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and polychlorinated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) impair cognitive development, whereas exposure to alcohol, MeHg, organochlorine pesticides and OPPs, polychlorinated biphenyls, PBDEs, and bisphenol A increases the risk of developing either attention deficit/hyperactivity and/or autism spectrum disorders. Psychomotor development appears to be less affected. However, data are not conclusive, which may depend on the assessment of exposure and the exposure level, among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot van de Bor
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Desrochers-Couture M, Oulhote Y, Arbuckle TE, Fraser WD, Séguin JR, Ouellet E, Forget-Dubois N, Ayotte P, Boivin M, Lanphear BP, Muckle G. Prenatal, concurrent, and sex-specific associations between blood lead concentrations and IQ in preschool Canadian children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1235-1242. [PMID: 30392942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure predicts altered neurodevelopment and lower intelligence quotient (IQ) in children, but few studies have examined this association in children who have relatively low blood lead concentrations. OBJECTIVES To test the associations between blood lead concentrations and cognitive function in Canadian preschoolers, with a possible moderation by sex. METHODS The data were gathered from 609 mother-child pairs from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study. Lead was measured in umbilical and maternal blood, and in children's venous blood at age 3-4 years. Cognitive function was measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) at 3-4 years. We tested the relationship between WPPSI-III scores and blood lead concentrations with multiple linear regression, adding child sex as a moderator. RESULTS Median blood lead concentrations for the mother at 1st trimester and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and for cord and child blood were 0.60 μg/dL, 0.58 μg/dL, 0.79 μg/dL and 0.67 μg/dL, respectively. We found no association between cord blood lead concentrations and WPPSI-III scores in multivariable analyses. However, cord blood lead concentrations showed a negative association with Performance IQ in boys but not in girls (B = 3.44; SE = 1.62; 95% CI: 0.82, 5.98). No associations were found between WPPSI-III scores and prenatal maternal blood or concurrent child blood lead concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal blood lead concentrations below 5 μg/dL were still associated with a decline in cognitive function in this Canadian cohort, but only for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Desrochers-Couture
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Ouellet
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Nadine Forget-Dubois
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - Michel Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Québec, Canada.
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Leroux IN, Ferreira APSDS, Silva JPDR, Bezerra FF, da Silva FF, Salles FJ, Luz MS, de Assunção NA, Cardoso MRA, Olympio KPK. Lead exposure from households and school settings: influence of diet on blood lead levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31535-31542. [PMID: 30203353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead is known as a potent toxicant to human health, particularly for children while their central nervous system is developing. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between blood lead levels (BLLs) and lead exposure in the children's diet, home, and school environments. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 153 children aged 1-4 years, in four day care centers (DCCs), where a high prevalence of lead exposure was previously found. Lead determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) was performed for venous blood, drinking water collected in the DCCs, and the 24-h diet (n = 64). Environmental screenings were conducted to evaluate lead concentrations in the tableware, buildings, and playground items in all DCCs and children's homes (n = 18) by using a field-portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer (FP-XRF). The BLL mean was 2.71 μg dL-1. Means for 24-h lead concentrations in the diet were 1.61 and 2.24 μg kg-1 of body weight (BW) in two DCCs. Lead concentrations in the water supply were lower than 2 μg L-1. More than 11% of the DCCs' environmental analyses presented lead concentrations higher than or equal to 1 mg cm-2, as defined by the USEPA. The diet was not found to be a risk factor for lead exposure, but households and DCC settings raised concern. Children's exposure to lead in DCC environments, where they spend the most part of their weekdays, appeared to be relevant. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Nogueira Leroux
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Júlia Prestes da Rocha Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Flávio Ferreira Bezerra
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André, SP, CEP 09210-580, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maciel Santos Luz
- Centro de Tecnologia e Metalurgia dos Materiais/Laboratório de Processos Metalúrgicos (CTMM/LPM), Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT), Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Nílson Antônio de Assunção
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Arthur Riedel, Eldorado, Diadema, São Paulo, CEP 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Alves Cardoso
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
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Polanska K, Hanke W, Pawlas N, Wesolowska E, Jankowska A, Jagodic M, Mazej D, Dominowska J, Grzesiak M, Mirabella F, Chiarotti F, Calamandrei G. Sex-Dependent Impact of Low-Level Lead Exposure during Prenatal Period on Child Psychomotor Functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102263. [PMID: 30332762 PMCID: PMC6210236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exposure to lead on child neurodevelopment has been well established. However, sex differences in vulnerability are still not fully explained. We aimed at evaluating the effect of a low-level lead exposure, as measured between 20 to 24 weeks of pregnancy and in cord blood, on developmental scores up to 24 months of age in 402 children from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). Additionally, sex-dependent susceptibility to lead at this very early stage of psychomotor development was assessed. The blood lead levels were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In order to estimate the children’s neurodevelopment, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development was applied. The geometric mean (GM) for blood lead level during 20–24 weeks of pregnancy was 0.99 ± 0.15 µg/dL and, in the cord blood, it was 0.96 ± 0.16 µg/dL. There was no statistically significant impact of lead exposure during prenatal period on the girls’ psychomotor abilities. Among the boys, we observed lower scores for cognitive functions, along with increasing cord blood lead levels (β = −2.07; p = 0.04), whereas the results for the language and motor abilities were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Our findings show that fetal exposure to very low lead levels might affect early cognitive domain, with boys being more susceptible than girls. Education on health, higher public awareness, as well as intervention programs, along with relevant regulations, are still needed to reduce risks for the vulnerable population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Polanska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, 41 808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Wesolowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Jagodic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jolanta Dominowska
- Department of Teaching Midwifery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Grzesiak
- Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology Department, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Fiorino Mirabella
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Chiarotti
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
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Taylor CM, Emond AM, Lingam R, Golding J. Prenatal lead, cadmium and mercury exposure and associations with motor skills at age 7 years in a UK observational birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:40-47. [PMID: 29723752 PMCID: PMC6024074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead and mercury are freely transferred across the placenta, while cadmium tends to accumulate in the placenta. Each contributes to adverse neurological outcomes for the child. Although prenatal heavy metal exposure has been linked with an array of neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood, its association with the development of motor skills in children has not been robustly studied. AIMS/OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury, measured as maternal blood concentrations during pregnancy, and motor skills, measured as subtests of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) at age 7 years in a large sample of mother-child pairs enrolled in a UK observational birth cohort study (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC). METHODS Whole blood samples from pregnant women enrolled in ALSPAC were analysed for lead, cadmium and mercury. In a complete case analysis (n = 1558), associations between prenatal blood concentrations and child motor skills assessed by Movement ABC subtests of manual dexterity, ball skills and balance at 7 years were examined in adjusted regression models. Associations with probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were also investigated. RESULTS The mean prenatal blood levels were: lead 3.66 ± 1.55 μg/dl; cadmium 0.45 ± 0.54 μg/l; mercury 2.23 ± 1.14 μg/l. There was no evidence for any adverse associations of prenatal lead, cadmium or mercury exposure with motor skills measured at age 7 years with Movement ABC subtests in adjusted regression models. Further, there were no associations with probable DCD. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence to support a role of prenatal exposure to heavy metals at these levels on motor skills in the child at age 7 years measured using the Movement ABC. Early identification of symptoms of motor skills impairment is important, however, to enable investigation, assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Alan M Emond
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Raghu Lingam
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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Song Y, Jiang H, Shi X, Chen J, Wu Y, Wei W. Detection of Lead Using a Sensitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Method Based on Composite Mesoporous Silica/Bismuth Oxychloride Modified Electrode. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Song
- School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Xueyan Shi
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering; Ministry of Education; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University, Nanjing; 211189 China
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Abstract
The burden of disease and death attributable to environmental pollution is becoming a public health challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The kidney is vulnerable to environmental pollutants because most environmental toxins are concentrated by the kidney during filtration. Given the high mortality and morbidity of kidney disease, environmental risk factors and their effect on kidney disease need to be identified. In this Review, we highlight epidemiological evidence for the association between kidney disease and environmental pollutants, including air pollution, heavy metal pollution and other environmental risk factors. We discuss the potential biological mechanisms that link exposure to environmental pollutants to kidney damage and emphasize the contribution of environmental pollution to kidney disease. Regulatory efforts should be made to control environmental pollution and limit individual exposure to preventable or avoidable environmental risk. Population studies with accurate quantification of environmental exposure in polluted regions, particularly in developing countries, might aid our understanding of the dose-response relationship between pollutants and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanying Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Joo H, Choi JH, Burm E, Park H, Hong YC, Kim Y, Ha EH, Kim Y, Kim BN, Ha M. Gender difference in the effects of lead exposure at different time windows on neurobehavioral development in 5-year-old children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:1086-1092. [PMID: 29751412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between lead exposure and children's neurodevelopment has been studied, gender differences remain to be investigated. We examined the effects of lead exposure on the neurobehavioral development of 5-year-old children to identify the vulnerable time window of exposure and potential gender difference. METHOD A total of 1751 pregnant women and children participated in the prospective birth cohort study, Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study, since 2006. Lead levels were measured in the maternal blood in early and late pregnancies, in cord blood at birth, and in 2-, 3-, and 5-year-old children's blood. The behavior of 575 children aged 5years were assessed using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist. The association between the blood lead level at each time window and behavior was examined using a generalized linear model adjusted for potential confounders and covariates. RESULTS Lead levels at late pregnancy were significantly associated with increased risk of behavioral problems in males. Lead levels in 2- and 5-year-old children's blood significantly increased behavioral risks in females: for a 1-μg/dL increase in blood lead levels, the score for total behavioral problems increased by 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-5.45) during the late pregnancy in males, whereas it increased by 3.82 (95% CI: 1.25-6.39) at 2years and by 5.72 (95% CI: 0.44-10.99) at 5years in females with a stronger effect in attention and sleep problems. CONCLUSION Effects of lead toxicity on children's neurobehavioral development showed gender differences. Males were more susceptible to prenatal exposure, while females were more susceptible to postnatal exposure with stronger effects in attention and sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Burm
- Department of Nursing, Moonkyung College, Moonkyung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Rong H, Xi Y, An Y, Tao L, Zhang X, Yu H, Wang Y, Qin Z, Xiao R. The Correlation between Early Stages of Life Exposed to Chinese Famine and Cognitive Decline in Adulthood: Nutrition of Adulthood Plays an Important Role in the Link? Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:444. [PMID: 29375368 PMCID: PMC5767719 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether people exposed to the Chinese Famine in fetal period or in multiple stages of childhood are associated with cognitive decline in adulthood. Furthermore, the nutritional environment of adulthood was explored as an important factor in this correlation. Methods: 1162 adults born between 1952 and 1964 were recruited. They were divided into five groups which were non-exposed group, fetal-exposed group, early childhood-exposed group, mid childhood-exposed group and late childhood-exposed group. Cognitive function was measured by using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery test, including Montreal cognitive assessment-Beijing version, mini-mental state examination, auditory verbal learning test, digit span forward, digit span backward, trail making test, and digit symbol test. Semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the dietary nutrition in their adulthood. The dietary nutrient consumption pattern was identified by Two-step and K-means cluster analysis. Results: The significant differences in cognitive function were manifested in different groups. Compared with non-exposed group, subjects in fetal-exposed group had a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (OR 1.51 95% CI 1.02–2.23, P = 0.039) and global cognitive decline (OR 1.68 59% CI 1.02–2.77, P = 0.044). The similar result was also observed in subjects of early childhood-exposed group. Otherwise, subjects who were classified in high nutrient consumption pattern had higher risk of cognitive decline. Moreover, the higher consumption of several nutrients such as fat, carbohydrate and manganese were associated with worse performance on digit span forward, digit span backward, trail making test A, trail making test B and digit symbol. Conclusion: Early stages of life exposed to the Chinese Famine were associated with higher risk of cognitive decline in adulthood. The stronger associations were manifested in the people with high nutrient consumption pattern. The consumption of fat, carbohydrate and manganese were associated with multiple domains cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Rong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuandi Xi
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Butt UJ, Shah SAA, Ahmed T, Zahid S. Protective effects of Nigella sativa L. seed extract on lead induced neurotoxicity during development and early life in mouse models. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:32-40. [PMID: 30090560 PMCID: PMC6060688 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a ubiquitous heavy metal and a known neurotoxicant, produces adverse effects on the brain via increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes oxidative stress. In this study we examined the neuroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds on Pb induced oxidative stress in the developing brain of mice. Mouse pups were exposed to low (0.1%) and high (0.2%) doses of Pb from the first day of pregnancy through their mothers (via drinking water) and lactation until post-natal day (PND) 21. The mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), peroxiredoxin (Prdx6), amyloid precursor protein (APP) common, APP695 and APP770 were examined in the cortex and hippocampus of the mouse brain excised on PND 21 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic Nigella sativa L. extract was assessed by DPPH assay. The results showed that Pb exposure caused a significant decrease in the expression of SOD1, Prdx6 and APP695 and an increase in APP770 in both cortex and hippocampus in a dose dependent manner as compared to the control group. The expression of APP common remained unaltered. Histological assessment of the cortex and hippocampus demonstrated a decrease in the neuronal number and Nissl bodies. The administration of 250 and 500 mg kg-1 ethanolic Nigella sativa L. extract reversed the adverse effects by significantly increasing the expression of SOD1, Prdx6 and APP695 and decreasing the expression of APP770 in both the regions. These results strongly suggest that Nigella sativa L. supplementation greatly improves Pb-induced neurotoxicity in early life and provides neuroprotective and antioxidant potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Javed Butt
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory , Department of Healthcare Biotechnology , Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; Tel: +92-51-90856134
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor D. E. , Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns) , Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor D. E. , Malaysia
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory , Department of Healthcare Biotechnology , Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; Tel: +92-51-90856134
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory , Department of Healthcare Biotechnology , Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; Tel: +92-51-90856134
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The Neurodevelopmental Toxicity of Lead: History, Epidemiology, and Public Health Implications. LINKING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosen-Carole CB, Auinger P, Howard CR, Brownell EA, Lanphear BP. Low-Level Prenatal Toxin Exposures and Breastfeeding Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study. Matern Child Health J 2017; 21:2245-2255. [PMID: 28735496 PMCID: PMC5671900 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Maternal exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with shortened breastfeeding duration, but few studies have examined the effects on breastfeeding outcomes of low level exposures to other toxic chemicals. Moreover, it is unclear if passive smoking is associated with duration of breastfeeding. Our objective was therefore to examine the effect of low-level prenatal exposures to common environmental toxins (tobacco smoke, lead, and phthalates) on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Methods We conducted an analysis of data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Serum and urine samples were collected at approximately 16 and 26 weeks gestation and at delivery from 373 women; 302 breastfed their infants. Maternal infant feeding interviews were conducted a maximum of eight times through 30 months postpartum. The main predictor variables for this study were gestational exposures to tobacco smoke (measured by serum cotinine), lead, and phthalates. Passive smoke exposure was defined as cotinine levels of 0.015-3.0 μg/mL. Primary outcomes were duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. Results Serum cotinine concentrations were negatively associated with the duration of any breastfeeding (29.9 weeks unexposed vs. 24.9 weeks with passive exposure, p = 0.04; and 22.4 weeks with active exposure, p = 0.12; p = 0.03 for linear trend), but not duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Prenatal levels of blood lead and urinary phthalate metabolites were not significantly associated with duration of any or exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions Passive exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy was associated with shortened duration of any breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey B Rosen-Carole
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, BOX 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Peggy Auinger
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, BOX 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Cynthia R Howard
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, BOX 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Cheng L, Zhang B, Huo W, Cao Z, Liu W, Liao J, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y. Fetal exposure to lead during pregnancy and the risk of preterm and early-term deliveries. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:984-989. [PMID: 28619549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Taylor CM, Kordas K, Golding J, Emond AM. Effects of low-level prenatal lead exposure on child IQ at 4 and 8 years in a UK birth cohort study. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:162-169. [PMID: 28687448 PMCID: PMC5630203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association between prenatal exposure to lead and deficits in offspring cognitive function is not well established. Our aim was to evaluate the association between prenatal lead exposure and child IQ at age 4 and 8 years in an observational birth cohort study. There was no association of prenatal lead exposure with child IQ at either 4 or 8 years old. There was a suggestion, however, that boys are more susceptible than girls to prenatal exposure to lead.
Background The association between childhood exposure to lead (Pb) and deficits in cognitive function is well established. The association with prenatal exposure, however, is not well understood, even though the potential adverse effects are equally important. Objectives To evaluate the association between low prenatal exposure to lead and IQ in children, to determine whether there were sex differences in the associations, and to evaluate the moderation effect of prenatal Pb exposure on child IQ. Methods Whole blood samples from pregnant women enrolled in ALSPAC (n = 4285) and from offspring at age 30 months (n = 235) were analysed for Pb. Associations between prenatal blood lead concentrations (B-Pb) and child IQ at age 4 and 8 years (WPPSI and WISC-III, respectively) were examined in adjusted regression models. Results There was no association of prenatal lead exposure with child IQ at 4 or 8 years old in adjusted regression models, and no moderation of the association between child B-Pb and IQ. However, there was a positive association for IQ at age 8 years in girls with a predicted increase in IQ (points) per 1 μg/dl of: verbal 0.71, performance 0.57, total 0.73. In boys, the coefficients tended to be negative (−0.15, −0.42 and −0.29 points, respectively). Conclusion Prenatal lead exposure was not associated with adverse effects on child IQ at age 4 or 8 years in this study. There was, however, some evidence to suggest that boys are more susceptible than girls to prenatal exposure to lead. Further investigation in other cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Alan M Emond
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
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Choi KH, Ha M, Ha EH, Park H, Kim Y, Hong YC, Lee AK, Hwa Kwon J, Choi HD, Kim N, Kim S, Park C. Neurodevelopment for the first three years following prenatal mobile phone use, radio frequency radiation and lead exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:810-817. [PMID: 28511138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining prenatal exposure to mobile phone use and its effect on child neurodevelopment show different results, according to child's developmental stages. OBJECTIVES To examine neurodevelopment in children up to 36 months of age, following prenatal mobile phone use and radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure, in relation to prenatal lead exposure. METHODS We analyzed 1198 mother-child pairs from a prospective cohort study (the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study). Questionnaires were provided to pregnant women at ≤20 weeks of gestation to assess mobile phone call frequency and duration. A personal exposure meter (PEM) was used to measure RFR exposure for 24h in 210 pregnant women. Maternal blood lead level (BLL) was measured during pregnancy. Child neurodevelopment was assessed using the Korean version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Revised at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age. Logistic regression analysis applied to groups classified by trajectory analysis showing neurodevelopmental patterns over time. RESULTS The psychomotor development index (PDI) and the mental development index (MDI) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age were not significantly associated with maternal mobile phone use during pregnancy. However, among children exposed to high maternal BLL in utero, there was a significantly increased risk of having a low PDI up to 36 months of age, in relation to an increasing average calling time (p-trend=0.008). There was also a risk of having decreasing MDI up to 36 months of age, in relation to an increasing average calling time or frequency during pregnancy (p-trend=0.05 and 0.007 for time and frequency, respectively). There was no significant association between child neurodevelopment and prenatal RFR exposure measured by PEM in all subjects or in groups stratified by maternal BLL during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS We found no association between prenatal exposure to RFR and child neurodevelopment during the first three years of life; however, a potential combined effect of prenatal exposure to lead and mobile phone use was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Kwon
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonghee Park
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood Affected by Prenatal Lead Exposure and Iron Intake: Erratum. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e077f. [PMID: 27077463 PMCID: PMC4998848 DOI: 10.1097/01.md.0000481800.63507.7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the article ''Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood Affected by Prenatal Lead Exposure and Iron Intake'', which appeared in Volume 95, Issue 4 of Medicine, Dr. Young Ju Kim's name originally appeared incorrectly. The article has since been corrected online.
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