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Dairo G, Ward MN, Soendergaard M, Determan JJ. Bioactive compounds from Morchella esculenta as potential inhibitors of RNA-binding protein La in ovarian cancer: a molecular modeling and quantum mechanics approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 38650742 PMCID: PMC11032304 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
La protein is significantly expressed in various malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer (OC), which is related to the poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Thus, inhibiting La protein could control the expression of the potential downstream genes involved in promoting proliferation and chemotherapy resistance to OC, which could serve as a therapeutic intervention. Through a molecular docking approach, 12 compounds from Morchella esculenta were screened against the crystal structure of La protein and four hit compounds were identified, including beta-carotene, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gamma-tocopherol, and alpha-tocopherol, with a binding affinity of - 10.7, - 8.1, - 7.9, and - 7.6 kcal/mol, respectively, higher than pyridine-2-carboxylate (control), with a binding affinity of - 5.2 kcal/mol. To explore the interaction of the hit compounds with the target receptor, they were selected for a molecular dynamic simulation and post-simulation analysis for 100 ns. The result showed promising reliability of the ligands due to a stable interaction with the La protein crystal structure. Furthermore, the drug-likeness and physicochemical chemical properties of the compounds were investigated using ADMET study and density functional theory analysis, respectively, and the result shows that the hit compounds could serve as a promising starting for the development of novel LA protein inhibitors for OC therapeutics. Finally, this study compared HOMO and LUMO values from global hybrids with long-range corrected DFAs, and the result from the two followed the same qualitative pattern while calculating HOMO values; however, MO62X/cc-pVTZ could better predict LUMO values when considering a global hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga Dairo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL USA
| | - Matthew N. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN USA
| | | | - John J. Determan
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL USA
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Manolis AS, Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Melita H. Diet and Sudden Death: How to Reduce the Risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:383-408. [PMID: 35726434 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666220621090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the association of dietary patterns, specific foods and nutrients with several diseases, including cardiovascular disease and mortality, there is also strong emerging evidence of an association of dietary patterns with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this comprehensive review, data are presented and analyzed about foods and diets that mitigate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and SCD, but also about arrhythmogenic nutritional elements and patterns that seem to enhance or facilitate potentially malignant VAs and SCD. The antiarrhythmic or protective group comprises fish, nuts and other foods enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the Mediterranean and other healthy diets, vitamins E, A and D and certain minerals (magnesium, potassium, selenium). The arrhythmogenic-food group includes saturated fat, trans fats, ketogenic and liquid protein diets, the Southern and other unhealthy diets, energy drinks and excessive caffeine intake, as well as heavy alcohol drinking. Relevant antiarrhythmic mechanisms include modification of cell membrane structure by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, their direct effect on calcium channels and cardiomyocytes and their important role in eicosanoid metabolism, enhancing myocyte electric stability, reducing vulnerability to VAs, lowering heart rate, and improving heart rate variability, each of which is a risk factor for SCD. Contrarily, saturated fat causes calcium handling abnormalities and calcium overload in cardiomyocytes, while a high-fat diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction that dysregulates a variety of ion channels promoting VAs and SCD. Free fatty acids have been considered proarrhythmic and implicated in facilitating SCD; thus, diets increasing free fatty acids, e.g., ketogenic diets, should be discouraged and replaced with diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can also reduce free fatty acids. All available relevant data on this important topic are herein reviewed, large studies and meta-analyses and pertinent advisories are tabulated, while protective (antiarrhythmic) and arrhythmogenic specific diet constituents are pictorially illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Helen Melita
- Central Laboratories, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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3
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Production of fungal biomass from oat flour for the use as a nutritious food source. NFS JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guthrie G, Stoll B, Chacko S, Mohammad M, Style C, Verla M, Olutoye O, Schady D, Lauridsen C, Tataryn N, Burrin D. Depletion and enrichment of phytosterols in soybean oil lipid emulsions directly associate with serum markers of cholestasis in preterm parenteral nutrition-fed pigs. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:160-171. [PMID: 33581699 PMCID: PMC8361868 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical reports show a positive correlation between phytosterol concentrations and severity of cholestatic liver disease markers in infants during long-term administration of parenteral lipid emulsions. Establishing a causal link between phytosterols and cholestasis has been complicated by confounding factors of lipid emulsion load, fatty acid composition, and vitamin E in many of these studies. The goal of this study is to determine whether altering the phytosterol concentration within a common soybean oil-based emulsion will alter the onset and severity of cholestasis in parenterally fed preterm piglets. METHODS Preterm piglets were administered, for 21 days, either enteral nutrition (ENT) or parenteral nutrition (PN) prepared from a soybean oil-based emulsion containing either 24.0% (depleted [DEP]), 100% (Intralipid; normal phytosterol [NP] concentration), or 144% (enriched [ENR]) total phytosterol concentration. RESULTS At the end of the study, plasma and liver phytosterol concentrations were highest in the ENR group, followed by NP and then DEP and ENT. Serum direct bilirubin, serum bile acids, and γ-glutamyltransferase were higher in the ENR and NP groups compared with either DEP or ENT groups. All PN lipid groups showed evidence of mild hepatic steatosis but no change in hepatic expression of proinflammatory cytokines or Farnesoid X receptor target genes. CONCLUSION The increase in serum direct bilirubin was lower in the DEP group vs the lipid emulsions with normal or ENR phytosterols. Our results provide additional evidence that phytosterols are linked to an increase in serum markers of cholestasis in preterm PN-fed pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Guthrie
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Barbara Stoll
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Mahmoud Mohammad
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Candace Style
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Columbus, United States
| | - Mariatu Verla
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Columbus, United States
| | - Oluyinka Olutoye
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Columbus, United States
| | - Deborah Schady
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Houston, United States
| | | | - Nick Tataryn
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Douglas Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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Ha K, Sakaki JR, Chun OK. Nutrient Adequacy Is Associated with Reduced Mortality in US Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3214-3222. [PMID: 34383909 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Americans are underconsuming essential nutrients while overconsuming several nutrients, including sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars. Suboptimal nutrition may be linked with mortality risk; however, few studies have evaluated the associations of underconsumed and overconsumed nutrients in a comprehensive manner among the US population. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between nutrient intake through diet and mortality focusing on adequacy, moderation, and macronutrient quality in US adults. METHODS Based on the 1999-2010 NHANES, 20,602 adults aged ≥30 y were followed up until December 2015. Nutrient intake was assessed using a 1-d 24-h dietary recall. Adequacy of major underconsumed nutrients in the United States was evaluated using the RDA (percent of RDA) or Adequate Intake (percent of AI). Overconsumed nutrients for which moderation is needed were assessed based on various dietary recommendations. Macronutrient quality was evaluated using the ratio of carbohydrates to dietary fiber, essential amino acids, and EPA + DHA. The association between nutrient intake and mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Higher intakes of vitamin E, magnesium, iron, dietary fiber, and potassium relative to the RDA/AI were associated with lower all-cause mortality. High intake of vitamin A (tertile 3: ≥80.1% of RDA) was associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD; HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.99) and cancer (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.94), and high intake of calcium (tertile 3: ≥87.8% of RDA) was inversely associated with cancer mortality (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.93). Higher intakes of essential amino acids and EPA + DHA evaluated as quartiles were inversely associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that higher intakes of underconsumed nutrients and improving macronutrient quality are associated with lower risk of CVD and cancer deaths in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju, South Korea.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Junichi R Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Carrasco R, Castillo RL, Gormaz JG, Carrillo M, Thavendiranathan P. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Mechanisms of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Effects of Preventive Strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8863789. [PMID: 33574985 PMCID: PMC7857913 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8863789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) persists as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Although many protective strategies have been evaluated, cardiotoxicity remains an ongoing threat. The mechanisms of AIC remain unclear; however, several pathways have been proposed, suggesting a multifactorial origin. When the central role of topoisomerase 2β in the pathophysiology of AIC was described some years ago, the classical reactive oxygen species (ROS) hypothesis shifted to a secondary position. However, new insights have reemphasized the importance of the role of oxidative stress-mediated signaling as a common pathway and a critical modulator of the different mechanisms involved in AIC. A better understanding of the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity is crucial for the development of treatment strategies. It has been suggested that the available therapeutic interventions for AIC could act on the modulation of oxidative balance, leading to a reduction in oxidative stress injury. These indirect antioxidant effects make them an option for the primary prevention of AIC. In this review, our objective is to provide an update of the accumulated knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in AIC and the modulation of the redox balance by potential preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carrasco
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo L. Castillo
- Medicine Department, East Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile. Santiago, Chile; Critical Care Patient Unit, Hospital Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan G. Gormaz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Carrillo
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li Y, Wang D, Zhang S, Zhong M, Zhao C, Xie F, Qi B. Stability and in vitro simulated release characteristics of ultrasonically modified soybean lipophilic protein emulsion. Food Funct 2020; 11:3800-3810. [PMID: 32338668 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural emulsifiers such as soybean lipophilic protein (SLP) show potential as delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive components such as vitamin E; however, the solubility of SLP is limited by its high lipid content. This study evaluated the effects of various ultrasonic conditions on the structure and properties of SLP. Using an emulsion of modified SLP, the carrier properties and in vitro digestion and release properties for vitamin E were evaluated. Biochemical and spectroscopic analyses indicated that the ultrasonic treatment mainly changed the secondary and tertiary structures of SLP. Furthermore, appropriate ultrasonic conditions significantly improved the solubility and emulsifying properties of SLP, with the highest emulsion stability and SLP encapsulation efficiency obtained using an ultrasonic power of 240 W for 20 min. An in vitro digestion simulation revealed that the emulsion prepared by ultrasonic modification of SLP was an effective delivery system for vitamin E. In particular, the emulsion protected the biological activity of vitamin E while significantly increasing the rate of lipid digestion and the bioavailability of vitamin E. These results indicate that the ultrasonically modified SLP can be used to prepare a stable emulsion for encapsulating vitamin E, which provides a new approach for the delivery of hydrophobic bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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8
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Wang H, Xu S, Fan Y, Liu N, Zhan W, Liu H, Xiao Y, Li K, Pan Q, Li W, Deng M, Liu J, Jin M, Yang X, Li J, Li Q, Yan J. Beyond pathways: genetic dissection of tocopherol content in maize kernels by combining linkage and association analyses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1464-1475. [PMID: 29356296 PMCID: PMC6041443 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although tocopherols play an important role in plants and animals, the genetic architecture of tocopherol content in maize kernels has remained largely unknown. In this study, linkage and association analyses were conducted to examine the genetic architecture of tocopherol content in maize kernels. Forty-one unique quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by linkage mapping in six populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). In addition, 32 significant loci were detected via genome-wide association study (GWAS), 18 of which colocalized with the QTLs identified by linkage mapping. Fine mapping of a major QTL validated the accuracy of GWAS and QTL mapping results and suggested a role for nontocopherol pathway genes in the modulation of natural tocopherol variation. We provided genome-wide evidence that genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast function may affect natural variation in tocopherols. These findings were confirmed through mutant analysis of a particular gene from the fatty acid pathway. In addition, the favourable alleles for many of the significant SNPs/QTLs represented rare alleles in natural populations. Together, our results revealed many novel genes that are potentially involved in the variation of tocopherol content in maize kernels. Pyramiding of the favourable alleles of the newly elucidated genes and the well-known tocopherol pathway genes would greatly improve tocopherol content in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shutu Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaMOA Key Lab of Maize BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaming Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Nannan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haijun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingchun Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Min Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Min Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaMOA Key Lab of Maize BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaMOA Key Lab of Maize BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Quiles JL, Varela-Lopez A, Aranda P. Effect of α-tocopherol megadoses on hematologic parameters and antioxidant capacity of rats in an ultraendurance probe. Physiol Int 2017; 104:291-300. [PMID: 29278023 DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of two different megadoses of α-tocopherol (vit E) in the antioxidant activity and red and white blood series of Wistar rats after a 180-min ultraendurance probe. Three groups of 10 rats were analyzed; VEAG: acute administration of a megadoses of 5,000 IU/kg of vit E the day before the probe; VECG: chronic administration of 1,000 IU/kg/day of vit E for 6 days before the probe; CG: placebo administration. VEAG presented white cells, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin values significantly higher than CG and VECG (p < 0.05). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lymphocytes concentrations were significantly higher in the VECG than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, VEAG presented a significantly higher vit E blood concentration than VECG and CG (p < 0.05), and VECG than CG (p < 0.05). Finally, we found a significantly positive correlation between trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and red blood cells concentration (r = 0.374) and a significantly inverse correlation between TEAC and blood lactate concentration (r = -0.365). Our findings suggest that acute vit E megadoses could protect against transitory sport anemia symptoms and increase the white blood cell count in comparison with the chronic dose and control groups after an ultraendurance probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Clemente-Suárez
- 1 Applied Psychophysiological Research Group, European University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - J Mielgo-Ayuso
- 2 Infine Research Group, Department of Health and Sport Performance, INEF, Polytechnic University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Quiles
- 3 Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - A Varela-Lopez
- 3 Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
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Fritsche S, Wang X, Jung C. Recent Advances in our Understanding of Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Plants: An Overview of Key Genes, Functions, and Breeding of Vitamin E Improved Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E99. [PMID: 29194404 PMCID: PMC5745509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols, together with tocotrienols and plastochromanols belong to a group of lipophilic compounds also called tocochromanols or vitamin E. Considered to be one of the most powerful antioxidants, tocochromanols are solely synthesized by photosynthetic organisms including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and, therefore, are an essential component in the human diet. Tocochromanols potent antioxidative properties are due to their ability to interact with polyunsaturated acyl groups and scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals and quench reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. In the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the required genes for tocopherol biosynthesis and functional roles of tocopherols were elucidated in mutant and transgenic plants. Recent research efforts have led to new outcomes for the vitamin E biosynthetic and related pathways, and new possible alternatives for the biofortification of important crops have been suggested. Here, we review 30 years of research on tocopherols in model and crop species, with emphasis on the improvement of vitamin E content using transgenic approaches and classical breeding. We will discuss future prospects to further improve the nutritional value of our food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Fritsche
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Knapik JJ, T Jean R, Austin KG, Steelman RA, Gannon J, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Temporal trends in dietary supplement prescriptions of United States military service members suggest a decrease in pyridoxine and increase in vitamin D supplements from 2005 to 2013. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1140-1152. [PMID: 27865356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements (DSs) can be obtained over-the-counter but can also be prescribed by health-care providers for therapeutic reasons. Few studies have documented this later source despite the fact that 79% of physicians and 82% of nurses have recommended DSs to patients. This investigation assessed prevalence and temporal trends in oral DS prescriptions filled by all United States service members (SMs) from 2005 to 2013 (n = 1 427 080 ± 22 139, mean ± standard deviation (SD)/y). We hypothesize that there would be temporal variations in specific types of DSs. Data obtained from Department of Defense Pharmacy Data Transaction System were grouped by American Hospital Formulary System pharmacologic-therapeutic classifications and prevalence examined over time. About 11% of SMs filled one or more DS prescriptions of 235 180 ± 4926 (mean ± SD) prescriptions/y over the 9-year period. Curve-fitting techniques indicated significant linear declines over time for multivitamins (P = .004), iron preparations (P < .001), antacids (P < .001), and vitamin B and B complex vitamins (P < .001). There were significant quadratic trends indicating a rise in early years followed by a leveling off in later years for replacement preparations (P < .001) and vitamin C (P < .001). There were significant quadratic trends (P < .001) for vitamin E indicating a decline in early years and leveling off in later years, and vitamin D indicating little change in early years followed by a large rise subsequently (P < .001). This study identified temporal trends in specific DS categories that may be associated with changing perceptions of prescribers and/or patients of the appropriate roles of DSs in medicine and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Knapik
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; US Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, 21017, USA.
| | - Rosenie T Jean
- Office of the US Army Surgeon's General, Pharmacovigilance Center, Falls Church, VA, 22041, USA.
| | - Krista G Austin
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, 21017, USA.
| | - Ryan A Steelman
- US Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA.
| | - Julia Gannon
- Office of the US Army Surgeon's General, Pharmacovigilance Center, Falls Church, VA, 22041, USA.
| | - Emily K Farina
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, 21017, USA.
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
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Nam Y, Kim M, Lee K, Shin H. CLASH: Complementary Linkage with Anchoring and Scoring for Heterogeneous biomolecular and clinical data. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2016; 16 Suppl 3:72. [PMID: 27454118 PMCID: PMC4959382 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study on disease-disease association has been increasingly viewed and analyzed as a network, in which the connections between diseases are configured using the source information on interactome maps of biomolecules such as genes, proteins, metabolites, etc. Although abundance in source information leads to tighter connections between diseases in the network, for a certain group of diseases, such as metabolic diseases, the connections do not occur much due to insufficient source information; a large proportion of their associated genes are still unknown. One way to circumvent the difficulties in the lack of source information is to integrate available external information by using one of up-to-date integration or fusion methods. However, if one wants a disease network placing huge emphasis on the original source of data but still utilizing external sources only to complement it, integration may not be pertinent. Interpretation on the integrated network would be ambiguous: meanings conferred on edges would be vague due to fused information. Methods In this study, we propose a network based algorithm that complements the original network by utilizing external information while preserving the network’s originality. The proposed algorithm links the disconnected node to the disease network by using complementary information from external data source through four steps: anchoring, connecting, scoring, and stopping. Results When applied to the network of metabolic diseases that is sourced from protein-protein interaction data, the proposed algorithm recovered connections by 97%, and improved the AUC performance up to 0.71 (lifted from 0.55) by using the external information outsourced from text mining results on PubMed comorbidity literatures. Experimental results also show that the proposed algorithm is robust to noisy external information. Conclusion This research has novelty in which the proposed algorithm preserves the network’s originality, but at the same time, complements it by utilizing external information. Furthermore it can be utilized for original association recovery and novel association discovery for disease network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Nam
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Wonchun-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Myungjun Kim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Wonchun-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Digital Media, Ajou University, Wonchun-dong, Yeongtong-gu, 443-749, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Wonchun-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea.
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Tang Y, Li X, Chen PX, Zhang B, Liu R, Hernandez M, Draves J, Marcone MF, Tsao R. Assessing the Fatty Acid, Carotenoid, and Tocopherol Compositions of Amaranth and Quinoa Seeds Grown in Ontario and Their Overall Contribution to Nutritional Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1103-1110. [PMID: 26760897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various fatty acids, tocopherols, carotenoids, and their respective antioxidant contributions in 7 amaranth seed and 11 quinoa seed samples along with a new evaluation method are reported. The lipid yield was 6.98-7.22% in amaranth seeds and 6.03-6.74% in quinoa seeds, with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) being the predominant fatty acids, 71.58-72.44% in amaranth seeds and 81.44-84.49% in quinoa seeds, respectively. Carotenoids, mainly lutein and zeaxanthin, are confirmed for the first time in amaranth seeds, while β-carotene is reported first in quinoa seeds. The predominant tocopherols in amaranth seeds are δ- and α-tocopherol, whereas γ- and α-tocopherol are the primary tocopherols in quinoa seeds. UFAs, carotenoids, and tocopherols showed good correlation with antioxidant activity. All of the amaranth seeds demonstrated lower overall lipophilic quality than quinoa seeds, with the AS1 and QS10 cultivars providing the highest scores for amaranth and quinoa seeds, respectively. Results from this study will contribute to developing quinoa seeds and related functional foods with increased benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter X Chen
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bing Zhang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Jamie Draves
- Katan Kitchens , 62 Grist Mill Drive, Georgetown, Ontario L7G 6C1, Canada
| | - Massimo F Marcone
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
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15
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Uchoa MF, de Souza LF, dos Santos DB, Peres TV, Mello DF, Leal RB, Farina M, Dafre AL. Modulation of Brain Glutathione Reductase and Peroxiredoxin 2 by α-Tocopheryl Phosphate. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wong WY, Ward LC, Fong CW, Yap WN, Brown L. Anti-inflammatory γ- and δ-tocotrienols improve cardiovascular, liver and metabolic function in diet-induced obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:133-150. [PMID: 26446095 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that γ- and δ-tocotrienols are more effective than α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol in attenuating the signs of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. METHODS Five groups of rats were fed a corn starch-rich (C) diet containing 68 % carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other five groups were fed a diet (H) high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25 % fructose in drinking water, total 68 %) and fats (beef tallow, total 24 %) for 16 weeks. Separate groups from each diet were supplemented with either α-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol or α-tocopherol (85 mg/kg/day) for the final 8 of the 16 weeks. RESULTS H rats developed visceral obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling and fatty liver. α-Tocopherol, α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols reduced collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart. Only γ- and δ-tocotrienols improved cardiovascular function and normalised systolic blood pressure compared to H rats. Further, δ-tocotrienol improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and abdominal adiposity. In the liver, these interventions reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory infiltrates and plasma liver enzyme activities. Tocotrienols were measured in heart, liver and adipose tissue showing that chronic oral dosage delivered tocotrienols to these organs despite low or no detection of tocotrienols in plasma. CONCLUSION In rats, δ-tocotrienol improved inflammation, heart structure and function, and liver structure and function, while γ-tocotrienol produced more modest improvements, with minimal changes with α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol. The most important mechanism of action is likely to be reduction in organ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Yew Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signalling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chee Wai Fong
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and fatty liver diseases, and consequently the role of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of such diseases has received much attention. In particular, the effects of vitamin E, the most important lipophilic radical-scavenging antioxidant, have been investigated extensively. Many in vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies have reported positive results, but large-scale randomized controlled intervention studies and meta-analyses have produced inconsistent and often disappointing results. In the present review article, the role and action of vitamin E are discussed, with consideration of the factors that determine the outcome of vitamin E treatment. Vitamin E should benefit subjects experiencing oxidative stress due to free radicals when administered at the correct time and for an appropriate duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Ikeda, Japan
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence to Etsuo Niki, Ph.D. Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda 563-8577, Japan Tel: +81-3-5313-2555 Fax: +81-3-5313-2555 E-mail:
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McBurney MI, Yu EA, Ciappio ED, Bird JK, Eggersdorfer M, Mehta S. Suboptimal Serum α-Tocopherol Concentrations Observed among Younger Adults and Those Depending Exclusively upon Food Sources, NHANES 2003-20061-3. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135510. [PMID: 26287975 PMCID: PMC4546010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential nutrient for human health, with an established function as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from free radical damage. Low vitamin E status has been linked to multiple health outcomes, including total mortality. With vitamin E being identified as a ‘shortfall nutrient’ because >90% of American adults are not consuming recommended amounts of vitamin E, we aimed to determine the prevalence of both clinical vitamin E deficiency (serum α-tocopherol concentration < 12 μmol/L) and failure to meet a criterion of vitamin E adequacy, serum α-tocopherol concentration of 30 μmol/L, based on the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and lowest mortality rate in the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) study. The most recent nationally-representative cross-sectional data (2003–2006) among non-institutionalized US citizens with available serum concentrations of α-tocopherol from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Serum α-tocopherol distributions were compared between those reporting consumption of food without supplement use (FOOD) and food and supplement use (FOOD+DS) by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Only 1% of the US population is clinically deficient. FOOD consumers have lower average α-tocopherol levels (24.9± 0.2 μmol/L) than FOOD+DS users (33.7 ± 0.3 μmol/L), even when adjusted for total cholesterol. Using a criterion of adequacy of 30 μmol/L, 87% of persons 20-30y and 43% of those 51+y had inadequate vitamin E status (p<0.01). A significant greater prevalence of FOOD compared to FOOD+DS users did not meet the criterion of adequacy which was based on the EAR and low ATBC mortality rate consistently across age, sex, and race/ethnic groups. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin E levels is significantly higher among non-users of dietary supplements. With declining usage of vitamin E supplements, the population should be monitored for changes in vitamin E status and related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. McBurney
- DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elaine A. Yu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Ciappio
- DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | | | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Morita M, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Niki E. Assessment of radical scavenging capacity of antioxidants contained in foods and beverages in plasma solution. Food Funct 2015; 6:1591-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amount and rate of scavenging radical by antioxidants contained in foods and beverages are assessed in plasma solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Morita
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Kyoto 602-8566
- Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Immunology
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Kyoto 602-8566
- Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Immunology
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Kyoto 602-8566
- Japan
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Kyoto 602-8566
- Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology
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Andrés V, Villanueva MJ, Tenorio MD. Simultaneous determination of tocopherols, retinol, ester derivatives and β-carotene in milk- and soy-juice based beverages by HPLC with diode-array detection. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rajendran P, Nandakumar N, Rengarajan T, Palaniswami R, Gnanadhas EN, Lakshminarasaiah U, Gopas J, Nishigaki I. Antioxidants and human diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:332-47. [PMID: 24933428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that includes hydrogen peroxide, hyphochlorus acid, superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, lipid peroxides, hypochlorite and hydroxyl radical are involved in growth, differentiation, progression and death of the cell. They can react with membrane lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes and other small molecules. Low concentrations of ROS has an indispensable role in intracellular signalling and defence against pathogens, while, higher amounts of ROS play a role in number of human diseases, including arthritis, cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemia, failures in immunity and endocrine functions. Antioxidants presumably act as safeguard against the accumulation of ROS and their elimination from the system. The aim of this review is to highlight advances in understanding of the ROS and also to summarize the detailed impact and involvement of antioxidants in selected human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan
| | - Natarajan Nandakumar
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Rajendran Palaniswami
- Department of Applied Zoology and Biotechnology, Vivekananda College (A Gurukula Institute of Life Training), Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Thiruvedakam West, Madurai 625234, India
| | - Edwinoliver Nesamony Gnanadhas
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Uppalapati Lakshminarasaiah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jacob Gopas
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Oncology Department Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ikuo Nishigaki
- NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan.
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Levonen AL, Hill BG, Kansanen E, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar VM. Redox regulation of antioxidants, autophagy, and the response to stress: implications for electrophile therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:196-207. [PMID: 24681256 PMCID: PMC4042208 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox networks in the cell integrate signaling pathways that control metabolism, energetics, cell survival, and death. The physiological second messengers that modulate these pathways include nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and electrophiles. Electrophiles are produced in the cell via both enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation and are also relatively abundant constituents of the diet. These compounds bind covalently to families of cysteine-containing, redox-sensing proteins that constitute the electrophile-responsive proteome, the subproteomes of which are found in localized intracellular domains. These include those proteins controlling responses to oxidative stress in the cytosol-notably the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and proteins in other compartments including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The signaling pathways through which electrophiles function have unique characteristics that could be exploited for novel therapeutic interventions; however, development of such therapeutic strategies has been challenging due to a lack of basic understanding of the mechanisms controlling this form of redox signaling. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the basic mechanisms of thiol-electrophile signaling and its potential impact on the translation of this important field of redox biology to the clinic. Emerging understanding of thiol-electrophile interactions and redox signaling suggests replacement of the oxidative stress hypothesis with a new redox biology paradigm, which provides an exciting and influential framework for guiding translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition in which oxidant metabolites exert their toxic effect because of an increased production or an altered cellular mechanism of protection; oxidative stress is rapidly gaining recognition as a key phenomenon in chronic diseases. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. Endogenous defence mechanisms are inadequate for the complete prevention of oxidative damage, and different sources of dietary antioxidants may be especially important. This article calls attention to the dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, and E and polyphenols. Compelling evidence has led to the conclusion that diet is a key environmental factor and a potential tool for the control of chronic diseases. More specifically, fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert a protective effect. The high content of minerals and natural antioxidant as vitamins A, C, and E and polyphenols in fruits and vegetables may be a main factor responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Landete
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-IATA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna-Valencia, España.
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25
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Genome-wide association study and pathway-level analysis of tocochromanol levels in maize grain. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1287-99. [PMID: 23733887 PMCID: PMC3737168 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocochromanols, are the major lipid-soluble antioxidants in maize (Zea mays L.) grain. Given that individual tocochromanols differ in their degree of vitamin E activity, variation for tocochromanol composition and content in grain from among diverse maize inbred lines has important nutritional and health implications for enhancing the vitamin E and antioxidant contents of maize-derived foods through plant breeding. Toward this end, we conducted a genome-wide association study of six tocochromanol compounds and 14 of their sums, ratios, and proportions with a 281 maize inbred association panel that was genotyped for 591,822 SNP markers. In addition to providing further insight into the association between ZmVTE4 (γ-tocopherol methyltransferase) haplotypes and α-tocopherol content, we also detected a novel association between ZmVTE1 (tocopherol cyclase) and tocotrienol composition. In a pathway-level analysis, we assessed the genetic contribution of 60 a priori candidate genes encoding the core tocochromanol pathway (VTE genes) and reactions for pathways supplying the isoprenoid tail and aromatic head group of tocochromanols. This analysis identified two additional genes, ZmHGGT1 (homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase) and one prephenate dehydratase parolog (of four in the genome) that also modestly contribute to tocotrienol variation in the panel. Collectively, our results provide the most favorable ZmVTE4 haplotype and suggest three new gene targets for increasing vitamin E and antioxidant levels through marker-assisted selection.
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Da Costa LA, García-Bailo B, Borchers CH, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Association between the plasma proteome and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations in humans. J Nutr Biochem 2013. [PMID: 23199695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a lipophilic antioxidant that has been inversely associated with certain chronic diseases; however, the biological processes regulated by this vitamin have not been fully elucidated. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between the most biologically active and abundant form of vitamin E in the circulation, α-tocopherol, and the plasma proteome. Subjects were from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study and included men and women (n=1,022) who completed a general health and lifestyle questionnaire and 196-item food frequency questionnaire, and provided a fasting blood sample. Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and 54 plasma proteins were assayed by a mass spectrometry-based multiple reaction monitoring method. Analysis of covariance was used to compare mean concentrations of plasma proteins across tertiles of α-tocopherol. Plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma chains, fibronectin and fibrinopeptide A were significantly and positively associated with plasma α-tocopherol, while intermediate levels of α-tocopherol were significantly associated with higher levels of alpha-1B-glycoprotein (all P<.0009). These findings show that circulating levels of α-tocopherol are significantly associated with specific plasma proteins and suggest novel physiological effects of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Da Costa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lu Y, Rijzaani H, Karcher D, Ruf S, Bock R. Efficient metabolic pathway engineering in transgenic tobacco and tomato plastids with synthetic multigene operons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E623-32. [PMID: 23382222 PMCID: PMC3581966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216898110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of complex metabolic pathways requires the concerted expression of multiple genes. In plastids (chloroplasts) of plant cells, genes are organized in operons that are coexpressed as polycistronic transcripts and then often are processed further into monocistronic mRNAs. Here we have used the tocochromanol pathway (providing tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively also referred to as "vitamin E") as an example to establish principles of successful multigene engineering by stable transformation of the chloroplast genome, a technology not afflicted with epigenetic variation and/or instability of transgene expression. Testing a series of single-gene constructs (encoding homogentisate phytyltransferase, tocopherol cyclase, and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase) and rationally designed synthetic operons in tobacco and tomato plants, we (i) confirmed previous results suggesting homogentisate phytyltransferase as the limiting enzymatic step in the pathway, (ii) comparatively characterized the bottlenecks in tocopherol biosynthesis in transplastomic leaves and tomato fruits, and (iii) achieved an up to tenfold increase in total tocochromanol accumulation. In addition, our results uncovered an unexpected light-dependent regulatory link between tocochromanol metabolism and the pathways of photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis. The synthetic operon design developed here will facilitate future synthetic biology applications in plastids, especially the design of artificial operons that introduce novel biochemical pathways into plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Indo HP, Nakanishi I, Ohkubo K, Yen HC, Nyui M, Manda S, Matsumoto KI, Fukuhara K, Anzai K, Ikota N, Matsui H, Minamiyama Y, Nakajima A, Ichikawa H, Fukuzumi S, Ozawa T, Mukai C, Majima HJ. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro antioxidative parameters for eleven food factors. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gleize B, Steib M, André M, Reboul E. Simple and fast HPLC method for simultaneous determination of retinol, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10 and carotenoids in complex samples. Food Chem 2012; 134:2560-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Galli F, Battistoni A, Gambari R, Pompella A, Bragonzi A, Pilolli F, Iuliano L, Piroddi M, Dechecchi MC, Cabrini G. Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:690-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ohlow MJ, Granold M, Schreckenberger M, Moosmann B. Is the chromanol head group of vitamin E nature's final truth on chain-breaking antioxidants? FEBS Lett 2012; 586:711-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sugamura K, Keaney JF. Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:978-92. [PMID: 21627987 PMCID: PMC3156326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the "free radical theory" of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data indicate that reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important features of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. However, blanket strategies with antioxidants to ameliorate cardiovascular disease have not generally yielded favorable results. However, our understanding of reactive oxygen species has evolved to the point at which we now realize these species have important roles in physiology as well as pathophysiology. Thus, it is overly simplistic to assume a general antioxidant strategy will yield specific effects on cardiovascular disease. Indeed, there are several sources of reactive oxygen species that are known to be active in the cardiovascular system. This review addresses our understanding of reactive oxygen species sources in cardiovascular disease and both animal and human data defining how reactive oxygen species contribute to physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts 01605
| | - John F. Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts 01605
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Dunn BK, Richmond ES, Minasian LM, Ryan AM, Ford LG. A nutrient approach to prostate cancer prevention: The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Nutr Cancer 2011; 62:896-918. [PMID: 20924966 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.509833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) randomized 35,533 healthy men, >55 yr old (>50 yr if African American), with normal digital rectal exams and prostate specific antigens <4 ng/ml to 1) 200 μg/day l-selenomethionine, 2) 400 IU/day all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E), 3) both supplements, or 4) placebo for 7 to 12 yr. The hypotheses underlying SELECT, that selenium and vitamin E individually and together decrease prostate cancer incidence, derived from epidemiologic and laboratory evidence and significant secondary endpoints in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (selenium) and Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (vitamin E) trials. In SELECT, prostate cancer incidence did not differ among the 4 arms: hazard ratios [99% confidence intervals (CIs)] for prostate cancer were 1.13 (99% CI = 0.95-1.35, P = 0.06; n = 473) for vitamin E, 1.04 (99% CI = 0.87-1.24, P = 0.62; n = 432) for selenium, and 1.05 (99% CI = 0.88-1.25, P = 0.52; n = 437) for selenium + vitamin E vs. 1.00 (n = 416) for placebo. Statistically nonsignificant increased risks of prostate cancer with vitamin E alone [relative risk (RR) = 1.13, P = 0.06) and newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus with selenium alone (RR = 1.07, P = 0.16) were observed. SELECT data show that neither selenium nor vitamin E, alone or together, in the doses and formulations used, prevented prostate cancer in this heterogeneous population of healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Dunn
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Niki E. Do free radicals play causal role in atherosclerosis? Low density lipoprotein oxidation and vitamin E revisited. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 48:3-7. [PMID: 21297905 PMCID: PMC3022060 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-007fr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Numerous in vitro and animal studies show that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is an important initial event of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E and other antioxidants inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation efficiently in vitro, however, human clinical trials with vitamin E have not yielded positive results. The mixed results for vitamin E effect may be ascribed primarily to the two factors. Firstly low density lipoprotein oxidation proceeds by multiple pathways mediated not only by free radicals but also by other non-radical oxidants and vitamin E is effective only against free radical mediated oxidation. Secondly, in contrast to animal experiments, vitamin E is given at the latter stage where oxidation is no more important. Free radicals must play causal role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vitamin E should be effective if given at right time to right subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Biological Membranes Are Nanostructures that Require Internal Heat and Imaginary Temperature as New, Unique Physiological Parameters Related to Biological Catalysts. Cell Biochem Biophys 2010; 59:133-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S. Vegetarian diets and public health: biomarker and redox connections. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1575-91. [PMID: 20222825 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vegetarian diets are rich in antioxidant phytochemicals. However, they may not act as antioxidants in vivo, and yet still have important signaling and regulatory functions. Some may act as pro-oxidants, modulating cellular redox tone and oxidizing redox sensitive sites. In this review, evidence for health benefits of vegetarian diets is presented from different perspectives: epidemiological, biomarker, evolutionary, and public health, as well as antioxidant. From the perspective of molecular connections between diet and health, evidence of a role for plasma ascorbic acid as a biomarker for future disease risk is presented. Basic concepts of redox-based cell signaling are presented, and effects of antioxidant phytochemicals on signaling, especially via redox tone, sulfur switches and the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE), are explored. Sufficient scientific evidence exists for public health policy to promote a plant-rich diet for health promotion. This does not need to wait for science to provide all the answers as to why and how. However, action and interplay of dietary antioxidants in the nonequilibrium systems that control redox balance, cell signaling, and cell function provide rich ground for research to advance understanding of orthomolecular nutrition and provide science-based evidence to advance public health in our aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris F F Benzie
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Cho S. Whole-grain consumption is associated with diet quality and nutrient intake in adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:1461-8. [PMID: 20869484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of whole grains and its association with nutrient intake has not been assessed in a recent nationally representative population. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of consumption of whole grains, using the new whole-grain definition, with diet quality and nutrient intake in a recent, nationally representative sample of adults. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Adults aged 19 to 50 years (n=7,039) and aged 51 years and older (n=6,237). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were divided into four whole-grain consumption groups: ≤0 to <0.6, ≥0.6 to <1.5, ≥1.5 to <3.0, and ≥3.0 servings (ounce equivalents)/day. Macro- and micronutrient intakes and diet quality, using the Healthy Eating Index, were determined for each group. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Sample weights were applied. The percentages of adults in whole-grain consumption groups were calculated. The covariates used were energy, ethnicity, sex, and age. Least-square means were calculated. P for linear trend analysis was determined using whole-grain intake as a linear covariate. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Adults aged 19 to 50 and 51+ years consumed a mean of 0.63 and 0.77 servings of whole grains per day, respectively. For both age groups, diet quality and intake of energy, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in those consuming the most servings of whole grains. Intake of total sugars (19 to 50 year age group only), added sugars, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol was significantly lower in those consuming the most servings of whole grains. Intake of all micronutrients, except vitamin B-12 and sodium, was higher among individuals who consumed the most servings of whole grains. CONCLUSIONS Overall consumption of whole grains in the US population was low using the recently updated whole-grain definition. Adults who consumed the most servings of whole grains had better diet quality and nutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E O'Neil
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, School of Human Ecology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Banks R, Speakman JR, Selman C. Vitamin E supplementation and mammalian lifespan. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:719-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yu B, Cook C, Santanam N. The aporphine alkaloid boldine induces adiponectin expression and regulation in 3T3-L1 cells. J Med Food 2010; 12:1074-83. [PMID: 19857072 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted by differentiated adipocytes. Clinical studies suggest a negative correlation between oxidative stress and adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease. Natural compounds that can prevent oxidative stress mediated inhibition of adiponectin may be potentially therapeutic. Boldine, an aporphine alkaloid abundant in the medicinal plant Peumus boldus, is a powerful antioxidant. The current study demonstrates the effects of boldine on the expression of adiponectin and its regulators, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, in 3T3-L1 cells. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to either hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (100 microM) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) (1 ng/mL) for 24 hours in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of boldine (5-100 microM). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that both the oxidants decreased the mRNA levels of adiponectin, PPARgamma, and C/EBPalpha to half of the control levels. Boldine, at all concentrations, counteracted the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) or TNFalpha and increased the expression of adiponectin and its regulators. The effect of boldine on adiponectin expression was biphasic, with the lower concentrations (5-25 microM) having a larger inductive effect compared to higher concentrations (50-100 microM). Boldine treatment alone in the absence of H(2)O(2) or TNFalpha was also able to induce adiponectin at the inductive phase of adipogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator response element-luciferase promoter transactivity analysis showed that boldine interacts with the PPAR response element and could potentially modulate PPAR responsive genes. Our results indicate that boldine is able to modulate the expression of adiponectin and its regulators in 3T3-L1 cells and has the potential to be beneficial in obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangning Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, West Virginia 25755, USA
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Traber MG. Regulation of xenobiotic metabolism, the only signaling function of α-tocopherol? Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:661-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Traber MG, Mustacich DJ, Sullivan LC, Leonard SW, Ahern-Rindell A, Kerkvliet N. Vitamin E status and metabolism in adult and aged aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mice. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:1193-9. [PMID: 20153623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in regulation of mechanisms for detoxification of xenobiotics, as well as vitamin A metabolism. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient whose metabolism is initialized via the cytochrome P450 system. Thus, AhR absence could alter hepatic regulation of α-tocopherol metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we assessed vitamin E status in adult (2-5 m) and old (21-22 m), wild-type and AhR-null mice. Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations in AhR-null mice (2.3±1.2 μmol/L, n=19) were lower than those of wild-type mice (3.2±1.2, n=17, P=.0131); those in old mice (3.2±1.2, n=20) were higher than those of adults (2.2±1.0, n=16, P=.0075). Hepatic α-tocopherol concentrations were not different between genotypes, but were nearly double in old (32±8 nmol/g, n=20) as compared with adult mice (17±2, n=16, P<.0001). Hepatic Cyp3a concentrations in AhR-null mice were greater than those in wild-type mice (P=.0011). Genotype (P=.0047), sex (P<.0001) and age (P<.0001) were significant modifiers of liver α-tocopherol metabolite (α-CEHC) concentrations. In general, Cyp3a concentrations correlated with hepatic α-tocopherol (r=0.3957, P<.05) and α-CEHC (r=0.4260, P<.05) concentrations. Since there were no significant genotype differences in the hepatic α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations, AhR-null mice did not have dramatically altered vitamin E metabolism. Since they did have higher hepatic α-CEHC concentrations, these data suggest metabolism was up-regulated in the AhR-null mice in order to maintain the hepatic tocopherol concentrations similar to those of wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-6512, USA.
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Lobato KR, Cardoso CC, Binfaré RW, Budni J, Wagner CLR, Brocardo PS, de Souza LF, Brocardo C, Flesch S, Freitas AE, Dafré AL, Rodrigues ALS. alpha-Tocopherol administration produces an antidepressant-like effect in predictive animal models of depression. Behav Brain Res 2010; 209:249-59. [PMID: 20144659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antidepressant potential of alpha-tocopherol, the most active and abundant form of vitamin E, in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The acute oral treatment with alpha-tocopherol at the doses of 30 and 100mg/kg reduced the immobility time in the FST and in the TST. A single i.c.v. administration of alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, a water-soluble analogue of alpha-tocopherol, also reduced the immobility time in the FST (0.1 and 1 nmol/site) and in the TST (0.1 nmol/site). In addition, the long-term treatment (28 days) with alpha-tocopherol (10mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST. Moreover, a subeffective dose of alpha-T (10mg/kg, p.o.) potentiated the effect of fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o.) in the FST. The long-term treatment with alpha-T was able to increase the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant defense system, while the acute treatment was not. The long-term treatment with alpha-tocopherol (10mg/kg) increased the GSH levels in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex and increased the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity in the hippocampus (10mg/kg) and in the prefrontal cortex (10-100mg/kg). The long-term treatment with fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o.), a positive control, was also able to increase the GSH levels in the hippocampus, but failed to alter the activity of both enzymes. Besides the specific antidepressant-like effect, long-term, but not the acute treatment with alpha-T, especially in the doses that produced an antidepressant-like effect (10mg/kg), improved the antioxidant defenses in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, two structures closely implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Lobato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Beattie JR, Schock BC. Identifying the spatial distribution of vitamin E, pulmonary surfactant and membrane lipids in cells and tissue by confocal Raman microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 579:513-35. [PMID: 19763493 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-322-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Every organ compromises of several different cell types. When studying the effects of a chosen compound within this organ or tissue uptake, localisation, metabolism, and the effect itself can be expected to differ between cells. Using the example of Vitamin E in pulmonary tissue we introduce confocal Raman Microscopy as a superior method to localise lipid-soluble compounds within tissues and cells. We describe the analyses of vitamin E, its oxidation products, and metabolites as well as pulmonary surfactant phospholipids in fixed lung tissue sections. Examples of main structural membrane lipids (PC, cholesterol) and an example of a lipid-signalling molecule (ceramide) are also included. Confocal Raman microscopy is a non-destructive optical method of analysing chemical and physical composition of solids, liquids, gases, gels, and solutions. The method is rich in information allowing discrimination of chemically similar molecules (including geometric isomers) and sensitive monitoring of subtle physical interactions. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy is relatively insensitive to water allowing the analysis of aqueous solutions and suspensions typical in biochemistry. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to non-polar molecules making it ideal for lipidomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Renwick Beattie
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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Monocomponent hexa- and dodecaethylene glycol succinyl-tocopherol esters: Self-assembly structures, cellular uptake and sensitivity to enzyme hydrolysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:1464-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grammer TB, Renner W, Hoffmann MM, Kleber M, Winkelhofer-Roob BM, Boehm BO, Maerz W. SOD3 R231G polymorphism associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:677-84. [PMID: 19526392 DOI: 10.1080/10715760902991763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) R231G polymorphism in relation to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in 3211 individuals; 94.4% of study participants were homozygous for SOD3 231RR and 5.5% were heterozygous for SOD3 231RG. The odds ratios of the RG and GG genotype (adjusted for age, gender and for conventional cardiovascular risk factors) were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.23-3.33, p=0.005) for the highest vs the lowest Friesinger coronary score and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.02-1.92, p=0.037) for MI, respectively. Further the SOD3 RG and GG genotype was associated with lower alpha-tocopherol levels than the wild type SOD3 RR genotype. It is concluded that the SOD3 231RG and GG genotype is associated with lower alpha-tocopherol levels and the severity of CAD and the risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja B Grammer
- Synlab Center of Laboratory Diagnostics Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
The mechanisms by which vitamin E interferes with vitamin K activity, especially blood clotting, are not known, but hypothetically this interference may involve metabolic pathways. Phylloquinone (K(1)) must be converted to menaquinone (MK-4, the most potent extrahepatic tissue vitamin K) by truncation of the K(1) side chain and replacement with geranylgeranyl. Possible mechanisms for the vitamin E and K interaction include: 1) vitamin E competes for the yet undiscovered enzyme that truncates the K(1) side chain; 2) vitamin E competes with K(1) for the hypothetical cytochrome P450 enzyme that omega-hydroxylates the K(1) side chain, thereby preventing its beta-oxidation and its removal for MK-4 formation; or 3) vitamin E increases xenobiotic pathways that increase hepatic metabolism and excretion of all vitamin K forms. Currently, the pathway for K(1) conversion to MK-4 is unknown, the process for regulating vitamin K metabolism to urinary excretion products is unknown, and why vitamin E supplements have such a dramatic effect, causing bleeding in some individuals and not in others, remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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Benzie IF, Wachtel‐Galor S. Chapter 7 Biomarkers in Long‐Term Vegetarian Diets. Adv Clin Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(09)47007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Upmacis RK. Atherosclerosis: A Link between Lipid Intake and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Lipid Insights 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by plaque formation in the arterial wall that can lead to heart attack and stroke, is a principal cause of death in the world. Since the 1990's, protein nitrotyrosine formation has been known to occur in the atherosclerotic plaque. This potentially damaging reaction occurs as a result of tyrosine modification by reactive nitrogen species, such as nitrogen dioxide radical, which forms upon peroxynitrite decomposition or nitrite oxidation by hydrogen peroxide-activated peroxidase enzymes. The presence of protein-bound nitrotyrosine can be considered an indicator of a loss in the natural balance of oxidants and antioxidants, and as such, there is an emerging view that protein-bound nitrotyrosine may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review brings together evidence that the accumulation of protein nitrotyrosine during atherogenesis is more widespread than initially thought (as its presence can be detected not only in the lesion but also in the blood stream and other organs) and is closely linked to lipid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita K. Upmacis
- Center of Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
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