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Anjom-Shoae J, Fitzgerald PC, Horowitz M, Mohammadpour Z, Hall GV, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Veedfald S, Feinle-Bisset C. Intraduodenal calcium enhances the effects of L-tryptophan to stimulate gut hormone secretion and suppress energy intake in healthy males: a randomized, crossover, clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:528-539. [PMID: 38996913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, intraduodenal infusion of L-tryptophan (Trp) increases plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones and stimulates pyloric pressures, both key determinants of gastric emptying and associated with potent suppression of energy intake. The stimulation of gastrointestinal hormones by Trp has been shown, in preclinical studies, to be enhanced by extracellular calcium and mediated in part by the calcium-sensing receptor. OBJECTIVES This study aim was to determine whether intraduodenal calcium can enhance the effects of Trp to stimulate gastrointestinal hormones and pyloric pressures and, if so, whether it is associated with greater suppression of energy intake, in healthy males. METHODS Fifteen males with normal weight (mean ± standard deviation; age: 26 ± 7 years; body mass index: 22 ± 2 kg/m2), received on 3 separate occasions, 150-min intraduodenal infusions of 0, 500, or 1000 mg calcium (Ca), each combined with Trp (load: 0.1 kcal/min, with submaximal energy intake-suppressant effects) from t = 75-150 min, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Plasma concentrations of GI hormones [gastrin, cholecystokinin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY)], and Trp and antropyloroduodenal pressures were measured throughout. Immediately postinfusions (t = 150-180 min), energy intake at a standardized buffet-style meal was quantified. RESULTS In response to calcium alone, both 500- and 1000-mg doses stimulated PYY, while only the 1000-mg dose stimulated GLP-1 and pyloric pressures (all P < 0.05). The 1000-mg dose also enhanced the effects of Trp to stimulate cholecystokinin and GLP-1, and both doses stimulated PYY but, surprisingly, reduced the stimulation of GIP (all P < 0.05). Both doses substantially and dose dependently enhanced the effects of Trp to suppress energy intake (Ca-0+Trp: 1108 ± 70 kcal; Ca-500+Trp: 961 ± 90 kcal; and Ca-1000+Trp: 922 ± 96 kcal; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intraduodenal administration of calcium enhances the effect of Trp to stimulate plasma cholecystokinin, GLP-1, and PYY and suppress energy intake in healthy males. These findings have potential implications for novel nutrient-based approaches to energy intake regulation in obesity. The trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12620001294943).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Adelaide Medical School and Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Penelope Ce Fitzgerald
- Adelaide Medical School and Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zinat Mohammadpour
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Veedfald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School and Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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2
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Taylor JL, Martin-Aragon Baudel M, Nieves-Cintron M, Navedo MF. Vascular Function and Ion Channels in Alzheimer's Disease. Microcirculation 2024:e12881. [PMID: 39190776 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This review paper explores the critical role of vascular ion channels in the regulation of cerebral artery function and examines the impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on these processes. Vascular ion channels are fundamental in controlling vascular tone, blood flow, and endothelial function in cerebral arteries. Dysfunction of these channels can lead to impaired cerebral autoregulation, contributing to cerebrovascular pathologies. AD, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, has been increasingly linked to vascular abnormalities, including altered vascular ion channel activity. Here, we briefly review the role of vascular ion channels in cerebral blood flow control and neurovascular coupling. We then examine the vascular defects in AD, the current understanding of how AD pathology affects vascular ion channel function, and how these changes may lead to compromised cerebral blood flow and neurodegenerative processes. Finally, we provide future perspectives and conclusions. Understanding this topic is important as ion channels may be potential therapeutic targets for improving cerebrovascular health and mitigating AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Maier A, Hartung M, Abovsky M, Adamowicz K, Bader G, Baier S, Blumenthal D, Chen J, Elkjaer M, Garcia-Hernandez C, Helmy M, Hoffmann M, Jurisica I, Kotlyar M, Lazareva O, Levi H, List M, Lobentanzer S, Loscalzo J, Malod-Dognin N, Manz Q, Matschinske J, Mee M, Oubounyt M, Pastrello C, Pico A, Pillich R, Poschenrieder J, Pratt D, Pržulj N, Sadegh S, Saez-Rodriguez J, Sarkar S, Shaked G, Shamir R, Trummer N, Turhan U, Wang RS, Zolotareva O, Baumbach J. Drugst.One - a plug-and-play solution for online systems medicine and network-based drug repurposing. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:W481-W488. [PMID: 38783119 PMCID: PMC11223884 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of new drugs has become increasingly expensive and inefficient, and the molecular mechanisms of most pharmaceuticals remain poorly understood. In response, computational systems and network medicine tools have emerged to identify potential drug repurposing candidates. However, these tools often require complex installation and lack intuitive visual network mining capabilities. To tackle these challenges, we introduce Drugst.One, a platform that assists specialized computational medicine tools in becoming user-friendly, web-based utilities for drug repurposing. With just three lines of code, Drugst.One turns any systems biology software into an interactive web tool for modeling and analyzing complex protein-drug-disease networks. Demonstrating its broad adaptability, Drugst.One has been successfully integrated with 21 computational systems medicine tools. Available at https://drugst.one, Drugst.One has significant potential for streamlining the drug discovery process, allowing researchers to focus on essential aspects of pharmaceutical treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maier
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hartung
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Abovsky
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Klaudia Adamowicz
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Baier
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David B Blumenthal
- Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria L Elkjaer
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mohamed Helmy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Idaho State University, USA
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Olga Lazareva
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Multiparametric methods for early detection of prostate cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagai Levi
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Markus List
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lobentanzer
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Quirin Manz
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Matschinske
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miles Mee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mhaned Oubounyt
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Alexander R Pico
- Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, 94158 California, USA
| | - Rudolf T Pillich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julian M Poschenrieder
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dexter Pratt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nataša Pržulj
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sepideh Sadegh
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suryadipto Sarkar
- Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gideon Shaked
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Shamir
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nico Trummer
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ugur Turhan
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olga Zolotareva
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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4
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Dotti P, Fernandez-Tenorio M, Janicek R, Márquez-Neila P, Wullschleger M, Sznitman R, Egger M. A deep learning-based approach for efficient detection and classification of local Ca²⁺ release events in Full-Frame confocal imaging. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102893. [PMID: 38701707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The release of Ca2+ ions from intracellular stores plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, acting as a secondary messenger in various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, and many others. Detecting and classifying associated local Ca2+ release events is particularly important, as these events provide insight into the mechanisms, interplay, and interdependencies of local Ca2+release events underlying global intracellular Ca2+signaling. However, time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures often complicate analysis, especially with low signal-to-noise ratio imaging data. Here, we present an innovative deep learning-based approach for automatically detecting and classifying local Ca2+ release events. This approach is exemplified with rapid full-frame confocal imaging data recorded in isolated cardiomyocytes. To demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our method, we first use conventional evaluation methods by comparing the intersection between manual annotations and the segmentation of Ca2+ release events provided by the deep learning method, as well as the annotated and recognized instances of individual events. In addition to these methods, we compare the performance of the proposed model with the annotation of six experts in the field. Our model can recognize more than 75 % of the annotated Ca2+ release events and correctly classify more than 75 %. A key result was that there were no significant differences between the annotations produced by human experts and the result of the proposed deep learning model. We conclude that the proposed approach is a robust and time-saving alternative to conventional full-frame confocal imaging analysis of local intracellular Ca2+ events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Dotti
- Department of Physiology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ARTORG Center, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Egger
- Department of Physiology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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5
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Nguyen TNT, Ballit A, Lecomte-Grosbras P, Colliat JB, Dao TT. On the uncertainty quantification of the active uterine contraction during the second stage of labor simulation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:2145-2164. [PMID: 38478304 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Uterine contractions in the myometrium occur at multiple scales, spanning both organ and cellular levels. This complex biological process plays an essential role in the fetus delivery during the second stage of labor. Several finite element models of active uterine contractions have already been developed to simulate the descent of the fetus through the birth canal. However, the developed models suffer severe reliability issues due to the uncertain parameters. In this context, the present study aimed to perform the uncertainty quantification (UQ) of the active uterine contraction simulation to advance our understanding of pregnancy mechanisms with more reliable indicators. A uterus model with and without fetus was developed integrating a transversely isotropic Mooney-Rivlin material with two distinct fiber orientation architectures. Different contraction patterns with complex boundary conditions were designed and applied. A global sensitivity study was performed to select the most valuable parameters for the uncertainty quantification (UQ) process using a copula-based Monte Carlo method. As results, four critical material parameters (C 1 , C 2 , K , Ca 0 ) of the active uterine contraction model were identified and used for the UQ process. The stress distribution on the uterus during the fetus descent, considering first and second fiber orientation families, ranged from 0.144 to 1.234 MPa and 0.044 to 1.619 MPa, respectively. The simulation outcomes revealed also the segment-specific contraction pattern of the uterus tissue. The present study quantified, for the first time, the effect of uncertain parameters of the complex constitutive model of the active uterine contraction on the fetus descent process. As perspectives, a full maternal pelvis model will be coupled with reinforcement learning to automatically identify the delivery mechanism behind the cardinal movements of the fetus during the active expulsion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu-Nhat-Thanh Nguyen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube - Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Abbass Ballit
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube - Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Lecomte-Grosbras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube - Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Colliat
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube - Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Tien-Tuan Dao
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube - Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle, 59000, Lille, France.
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6
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Fu Q, Yang J, Jiang H, Lin S, Qin H, Zhao J, Wang Y, Liu M. Effect of photobiomodulation on alleviating primary dysmenorrhea caused by PGF 2α. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300448. [PMID: 38348528 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted widespread attention in suppressing various pain and inflammation. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) primarily occurs in adolescents and adult females, and the limited effectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments have highlighted the urgent need to develop and identify new adjunct therapeutic strategies. In this work, the results of pain and PGs demonstrated that 850 nm, 630 nm, and 460 nm all exhibited pain inhibition, decreased PGF2α and upregulated PGE2, while 630 nm PBM has better effectiveness. Then to explore the underlying biological mechanisms of red light PBM on PD, we irradiated prostaglandin-F2α induced HUSM cells and found that low-level irradiance can restore intracellular calcium ion, ROS, ATP, and MMP levels to normal levels. And, red light enhanced cell viability and promoted cell proliferation for normal HUSM cells. Therefore, this study proposes that red light PBM may be a promising approach for the future clinical treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Fu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfei Lin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Hamacher C, Degen R, Franke M, Switacz VK, Fleck D, Katreddi RR, Hernandez-Clavijo A, Strauch M, Horio N, Hachgenei E, Spehr J, Liberles SD, Merhof D, Forni PE, Zimmer-Bensch G, Ben-Shaul Y, Spehr M. A revised conceptual framework for mouse vomeronasal pumping and stimulus sampling. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1206-1221.e6. [PMID: 38320553 PMCID: PMC10965388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The physiological performance of any sensory organ is determined by its anatomy and physical properties. Consequently, complex sensory structures with elaborate features have evolved to optimize stimulus detection. Understanding these structures and their physical nature forms the basis for mechanistic insights into sensory function. Despite its crucial role as a sensor for pheromones and other behaviorally instructive chemical cues, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) remains a poorly characterized mammalian sensory structure. Fundamental principles of its physico-mechanical function, including basic aspects of stimulus sampling, remain poorly explored. Here, we revisit the classical vasomotor pump hypothesis of vomeronasal stimulus uptake. Using advanced anatomical, histological, and physiological methods, we demonstrate that large parts of the lateral mouse VNO are composed of smooth muscle. Vomeronasal smooth muscle tissue comprises two subsets of fibers with distinct topography, structure, excitation-contraction coupling, and, ultimately, contractile properties. Specifically, contractions of a large population of noradrenaline-sensitive cells mediate both transverse and longitudinal lumen expansion, whereas cholinergic stimulation targets an adluminal group of smooth muscle fibers. The latter run parallel to the VNO's rostro-caudal axis and are ideally situated to mediate antagonistic longitudinal constriction of the lumen. This newly discovered arrangement implies a novel mode of function. Single-cell transcriptomics and pharmacological profiling reveal the receptor subtypes involved. Finally, 2D/3D tomography provides non-invasive insight into the intact VNO's anatomy and mechanics, enables measurement of luminal fluid volume, and allows an assessment of relative volume change upon noradrenergic stimulation. Together, we propose a revised conceptual framework for mouse vomeronasal pumping and, thus, stimulus sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hamacher
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Degen
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Melissa Franke
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Victoria K Switacz
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Fleck
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Raghu Ram Katreddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Andres Hernandez-Clavijo
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Strauch
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nao Horio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Enno Hachgenei
- Department of Production Metrology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorit Merhof
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Geraldine Zimmer-Bensch
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Neuroepigenetics, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoram Ben-Shaul
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Pal S, Bagchi AK, Stolarz AJ. Real-Time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca2+ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66535. [PMID: 38587372 PMCID: PMC11164129 DOI: 10.3791/66535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature, now often referred to as "the third circulation," is located in many vital organ systems. A principal mechanical function of the lymphatic vasculature is to return fluid from extracellular spaces back to the central venous ducts. Lymph transport is mediated by spontaneous rhythmic contractions of lymph vessels (LVs). LV contractions are largely regulated by the cyclic rise and fall of cytosolic, free calcium ([Ca2+]i). This paper presents a method to concurrently calculate changes in absolute concentrations of [Ca2+]i and vessel contractility/rhythmicity in real time in isolated, pressurized LVs. Using isolated rat mesenteric LVs, we studied changes in [Ca2+]i and contractility/rhythmicity in response to drug addition. Isolated LVs were loaded with the ratiometric Ca2+-sensing indicator Fura-2AM, and video microscopy coupled with edge-detection software was used to capture [Ca2+]i and diameter measurements continuously in real time. The Fura-2AM signal from each LV was calibrated to the minimum and maximum signal for each vessel and used to calculate absolute [Ca2+]i. Diameter measurements were used to calculate contractile parameters (amplitude, end diastolic diameter, end systolic diameter, calculated flow) and rhythmicity (frequency, contraction time, relaxation time) and correlated with absolute [Ca2+]i measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumiya Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Ashim K Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Amanda J Stolarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences;
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9
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Hernandez-Hernandez G, O'Dwyer SC, Yang PC, Matsumoto C, Tieu M, Fong Z, Lewis TJ, Santana LF, Clancy CE. A computational model predicts sex-specific responses to calcium channel blockers in mammalian mesenteric vascular smooth muscle. eLife 2024; 12:RP90604. [PMID: 38335126 PMCID: PMC10942543 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of the smooth muscle cells lining the walls of mammalian systemic arteries and arterioles is to regulate the diameter of the vessels to control blood flow and blood pressure. Here, we describe an in silico model, which we call the 'Hernandez-Hernandez model', of electrical and Ca2+ signaling in arterial myocytes based on new experimental data indicating sex-specific differences in male and female arterial myocytes from murine resistance arteries. The model suggests the fundamental ionic mechanisms underlying membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ signaling during the development of myogenic tone in arterial blood vessels. Although experimental data suggest that KV1.5 channel currents have similar amplitudes, kinetics, and voltage dependencies in male and female myocytes, simulations suggest that the KV1.5 current is the dominant current regulating membrane potential in male myocytes. In female cells, which have larger KV2.1 channel expression and longer time constants for activation than male myocytes, predictions from simulated female myocytes suggest that KV2.1 plays a primary role in the control of membrane potential. Over the physiological range of membrane potentials, the gating of a small number of voltage-gated K+ channels and L-type Ca2+ channels are predicted to drive sex-specific differences in intracellular Ca2+ and excitability. We also show that in an idealized computational model of a vessel, female arterial smooth muscle exhibits heightened sensitivity to commonly used Ca2+ channel blockers compared to male. In summary, we present a new model framework to investigate the potential sex-specific impact of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha C O'Dwyer
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Collin Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Mindy Tieu
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Zhihui Fong
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Timothy J Lewis
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Center for Precision Medicine and Data Sciences, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
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10
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Hernandez-Hernandez G, O’Dwyer SC, Matsumoto C, Tieu M, Fong Z, Yang PC, Lewis TJ, Fernando Santana L, Clancy CE. A computational model predicts sex-specific responses to calcium channel blockers in mammalian mesenteric vascular smooth muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.24.546394. [PMID: 37425682 PMCID: PMC10327109 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.24.546394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The function of the smooth muscle cells lining the walls of mammalian systemic arteries and arterioles is to regulate the diameter of the vessels to control blood flow and blood pressure. Here, we describe an in-silico model, which we call the "Hernandez-Hernandez model", of electrical and C a 2+ signaling in arterial myocytes based on new experimental data indicating sex-specific differences in male and female arterial myocytes from murine resistance arteries. The model suggests the fundamental ionic mechanisms underlying membrane potential and intracellular C a 2+ signaling during the development of myogenic tone in arterial blood vessels. Although experimental data suggest that KV1.5 channel currents have similar amplitudes, kinetics, and voltage dependencies in male and female myocytes, simulations suggest that the KV1.5 current is the dominant current regulating membrane potential in male myocytes. In female cells, which have larger KV2.1 channel expression and longer time constants for activation than male myocytes, predictions from simulated female myocytes suggest that KV2.1 plays a primary role in the control of membrane potential. Over the physiological range of membrane potentials, the gating of a small number of voltage-gated K+ channels and L-type C a 2+ channels are predicted to drive sex-specific differences in intracellular C a 2+ and excitability. We also show that in an idealized computational model of a vessel, female arterial smooth muscle exhibits heightened sensitivity to commonly used C a 2+ channel blockers compared to male. In summary, we present a new model framework to investigate the potential sex-specific impact of anti-hypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Hernandez-Hernandez
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Samantha C. O’Dwyer
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Collin Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Mindy Tieu
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Zhihui Fong
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Timothy J. Lewis
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | | | - Colleen E. Clancy
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Center for Precision Medicine and Data Science, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, 95616
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11
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Yogendran V, Mele L, Prysyazhna O, Budhram-Mahadeo VS. Vascular dysfunction caused by loss of Brn-3b/POU4F2 transcription factor in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells is linked to deregulation of calcium signalling pathways. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:770. [PMID: 38007517 PMCID: PMC10676411 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute significantly to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but factors driving early adverse vascular changes are poorly understood. We report on novel and important roles for the Brn-3b/POU4F2 (Brn-3b) transcription factor (TF) in controlling VSMC integrity and function. Brn-3b protein is expressed in mouse aorta with localisation to VSMCs. Male Brn-3b knock-out (KO) aortas displayed extensive remodelling with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, elastin fibre disruption and small but consistent narrowing/coarctation in the descending aortas. RNA sequencing analysis showed that these effects were linked to deregulation of genes required for calcium (Ca2+) signalling, vascular contractility, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) stress responses and immune function in Brn-3b KO aortas and validation studies confirmed changes in Ca2+ signalling genes linked to increased intracellular Ca2+ and S/ER Ca2+ depletion [e.g. increased, Cacna1d Ca2+ channels; ryanodine receptor 2, (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLN) but reduced ATP2a1, encoding SERCA1 pump] and chaperone proteins, Hspb1, HspA8, DnaJa1 linked to increased S/ER stress, which also contributes to contractile dysfunction. Accordingly, vascular rings from Brn-3b KO aortas displayed attenuated contractility in response to KCl or phenylephrine (PE) while Brn-3b KO-derived VSMC displayed abnormal Ca2+ signalling following ATP stimulation. This data suggests that Brn-3b target genes are necessary to maintain vascular integrity /contractile function and deregulation upon loss of Brn-3b will contribute to contractile dysfunction linked to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishaali Yogendran
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Laura Mele
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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12
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Wen J, Zhao Y, Huang C, Li S, Li P, Zhou Y, Yan Z, Zhang G. Estrogen inhibits colonic smooth muscle contractions by regulating BKβ1 signaling. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294249. [PMID: 37948436 PMCID: PMC10637685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen inhibits colonic smooth muscle contractions, which may lead to constipation. However, the mechanisms of inhibition are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of estrogen on rat colonic smooth muscle contractions and its potential association with the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels β1 (BKβ1) subunit. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups. After 2 weeks of intervention, the contraction activity of isolated colonic smooth muscle and the expression of BKβ1 in colonic smooth muscle of rats were detected. Additionally, in order to investigate the effects of estrogen on BKβ1 expression and calcium mobilization, in vitro experiments were conducted using rat and human colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). BKβ1 shRNA was used to investigate whether calcium mobilization is affected by BKβ1 in colonic SMCs. To explore the relationship between ERβ and BKβ1, serial deletions, site-directed mutagenesis, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed. In response to E2, colonic smooth muscle strips showed a decrease in tension, while IBTX exposure transiently increased tension. Furthermore, in these muscle tissues, BKβ1 and α-SMA were found to be co-expressed. The E2 group showed significantly higher BKβ1 expression. In cultured colonic SMCs, the expression of BKβ1 was found to increase in the presence of E2 or DPN. E2 treatment reduced Ca2+ concentrations, while BKβ1 shRNA treatment increased Ca2+ concentrations relative to the control. ERβ-initiated BKβ1 expression appears to occur via binding to the BKβ1 promoter. These results indicated that E2 may upregulate BKβ1 expression via ERβ and inhibit colonic smooth muscle contraction through ERβ by directly targeting BKβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Peidong Li
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zaihua Yan
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangjun Zhang
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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13
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Del Rivero Morfin PJ, Chavez DS, Jayaraman S, Yang L, Kochiss AL, Colecraft HM, Liu XS, Marx SO, Rajadhyaksha AM, Ben-Johny M. A Genetically Encoded Actuator Selectively Boosts L-type Calcium Channels in Diverse Physiological Settings. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.558856. [PMID: 37790372 PMCID: PMC10542531 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.558856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
L-type Ca 2+ channels (Ca V 1.2/1.3) convey influx of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) that orchestrate a bevy of biological responses including muscle contraction and gene transcription. Deficits in Ca V 1 function play a vital role in cardiac and neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet conventional pharmacological approaches to upregulate Ca V 1 are limited, as excessive Ca 2+ influx leads to cytotoxicity. Here, we develop a genetically encoded enhancer of Ca V 1.2/1.3 channels (GeeC) to manipulate Ca 2+ entry in distinct physiological settings. Specifically, we functionalized a nanobody that targets the Ca V macromolecular complex by attaching a minimal effector domain from a Ca V enhancer-leucine rich repeat containing protein 10 (Lrrc10). In cardiomyocytes, GeeC evoked a 3-fold increase in L-type current amplitude. In neurons, GeeC augmented excitation-transcription (E-T) coupling. In all, GeeC represents a powerful strategy to boost Ca V 1.2/1.3 function in distinct physiological settings and, in so doing, lays the groundwork to illuminate new insights on neuronal and cardiac physiology and disease.
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14
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Agam O, Braun E. Universal calcium fluctuations in Hydramorphogenesis. Phys Biol 2023; 20:066002. [PMID: 37696269 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acf8a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the collective physical processes that drive robust morphological transitions in animal development necessitates the characterization of the relevant fields involved in morphogenesis. Calcium (Ca2+) is recognized as one such field. In this study, we demonstrate that the spatial fluctuations of Ca2+duringHydraregeneration exhibit universal characteristics. To investigate this phenomenon, we employ two distinct controls, an external electric field andheptanol, a gap junction-blocking drug. Both lead to the modulation of the Ca2+activity and a reversible halting of the regeneration process. The application of an electric field enhances Ca2+activity in theHydra's tissue and increases its spatial correlations, while the administration ofheptanolinhibits its activity and diminishes the spatial correlations. Remarkably, the statistical characteristics of Ca2+spatial fluctuations, including the coefficient of variation and skewness, manifest universal shape distributions across tissue samples and conditions. We introduce a field-theoretic model, describing fluctuations in a tilted double-well potential, which successfully captures these universal properties. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the Ca2+activity is spatially localized, and theHydra's tissue operates near the onset of bistability, where the local Ca2+activity fluctuates between low and high excited states in distinct regions. These findings highlight the prominent role of the Ca2+field inHydramorphogenesis and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms governing robust morphological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Agam
- The Racah Institute of Physics, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Erez Braun
- Department of Physics and Network Biology Research Laboratories, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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15
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Maxey AP, Travis JM, McCain ML. Regulation of oxytocin-induced calcium transients and gene expression in engineered myometrial tissues by tissue architecture and matrix rigidity. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100108. [PMID: 38107790 PMCID: PMC10724203 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus is susceptible to benign tumors known as fibroids, which have been associated with many pregnancy complications, including preterm labor. However, the impact of fibrotic tissue remodeling on the physiology of the myometrium, the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, is poorly understood, in large part due to a lack of model systems. In this study, we engineered healthy-like and fibrotic-like myometrium by culturing human myometrial smooth muscle cells on polyacrylamide hydrogels micropatterned with fibronectin to independently tune matrix rigidity and tissue alignment, respectively. We then evaluated calcium transients in response to oxytocin stimulation. Isotropic myometrial tissues on stiff substrates (representing fibrotic myometrium) had shorter calcium transients due to shorter decay time compared to aligned myometrial tissues on soft substrates (representing healthy myometrium). Calcium transients in aligned tissues had longer response times and longer decay times than isotropic tissues, irrespective of substrate stiffness. The amplitude of calcium transients was also higher on soft substrates compared to stiff substrates, irrespective of tissue alignment. We also performed RNA sequencing to detect differentially expressed genes between healthy- and fibrotic-like tissues, which revealed that a bitter taste receptor shown to induce smooth muscle relaxation, TAS2R31, was down-regulated in fibrotic-like tissues. Finally, we measured oxytocin-induced calcium transients in response to pre-treatment with progesterone, caffeine, thrombin, and nifedipine to demonstrate applications for our model system in drug screening. Both progesterone and caffeine caused a decrease in calcium transient duration, as expected, while thrombin and nifedipine had less impact. Collectively, our engineered model of the myometrium enables new insights into myometrial mechanobiology and can be extended to identify or screen novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina P. Maxey
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaya M. Travis
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan L. McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Obeng B, Potts CM, West BE, Burnell JE, Fleming PJ, Shim JK, Kinney MS, Ledue EL, Sangroula S, Baez Vazquez AY, Gosse JA. Pharmaceutical agent cetylpyridinium chloride inhibits immune mast cell function by interfering with calcium mobilization. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113980. [PMID: 37549805 PMCID: PMC10529140 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is an antimicrobial used in numerous personal care and janitorial products and food for human consumption at millimolar concentrations. Minimal information exists on the eukaryotic toxicology of CPC. We have investigated the effects of CPC on signal transduction of the immune cell type mast cells. Here, we show that CPC inhibits the mast cell function degranulation with antigen dose-dependence and at non-cytotoxic doses ∼1000-fold lower than concentrations in consumer products. Previously we showed that CPC disrupts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, a signaling lipid critical for store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which mediates degranulation. Our results indicate that CPC inhibits antigen-stimulated SOCE: CPC restricts Ca2+ efflux from endoplasmic reticulum, reduces Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria, and dampens Ca2+ flow through plasma membrane channels. While inhibition of Ca2+ channel function can be caused by alteration of plasma membrane potential (PMP) and cytosolic pH, CPC does not affect PMP or pH. Inhibition of SOCE is known to depress microtubule polymerization, and here we show that CPC indeed dose-dependently shuts down formation of microtubule tracks. In vitro data reveal that CPC inhibition of microtubules is not due to direct CPC interference with tubulin. In summary, CPC is a signaling toxicant that targets Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Obeng
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Christian M Potts
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Bailey E West
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - John E Burnell
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Patrick J Fleming
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Juyoung K Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Maine Augusta, Augusta, ME, USA
| | - Marissa S Kinney
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Emily L Ledue
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Suraj Sangroula
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Alan Y Baez Vazquez
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Julie A Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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17
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Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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18
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Li Y, Li B, Chen WD, Wang YD. Role of G-protein coupled receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1130312. [PMID: 37342437 PMCID: PMC10277692 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1130312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with CVDs accounting for nearly 30% of deaths worldwide each year. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most prominent family of receptors on the cell surface, and play an essential regulating cellular physiology and pathology. Some GPCR antagonists, such as β-blockers, are standard therapy for the treatment of CVDs. In addition, nearly one-third of the drugs used to treat CVDs target GPCRs. All the evidence demonstrates the crucial role of GPCRs in CVDs. Over the past decades, studies on the structure and function of GPCRs have identified many targets for the treatment of CVDs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of GPCRs in the function of the cardiovascular system from both vascular and heart perspectives, then analyze the complex ways in which multiple GPCRs exert regulatory functions in vascular and heart diseases. We hope to provide new ideas for the treatment of CVDs and the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, The People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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19
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Obeng B, Potts CM, West BE, Burnell JE, Fleming PJ, Shim JK, Kinney MS, Ledue EL, Sangroula S, Baez Vazquez AY, Gosse JA. Pharmaceutical agent cetylpyridinium chloride inhibits immune mast cell function by interfering with calcium mobilization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.541979. [PMID: 37292883 PMCID: PMC10245882 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.541979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is an antimicrobial used in numerous personal care and janitorial products and food for human consumption at millimolar concentrations. Minimal information exists on the eukaryotic toxicology of CPC. We have investigated the effects of CPC on signal transduction of the immune cell type mast cells. Here, we show that CPC inhibits the mast cell function degranulation with antigen dose-dependence and at non-cytotoxic doses ∼1000-fold lower than concentrations in consumer products. Previously we showed that CPC disrupts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, a signaling lipid critical for store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE), which mediates degranulation. Our results indicate that CPC inhibits antigen-stimulated SOCE: CPC restricts Ca 2+ efflux from endoplasmic reticulum, reduces Ca 2+ uptake into mitochondria, and dampens Ca 2+ flow through plasma membrane channels. While inhibition of Ca 2+ channel function can be caused by alteration of plasma membrane potential (PMP) and cytosolic pH, CPC does not affect PMP or pH. Inhibition of SOCE is known to depress microtubule polymerization, and here we show that CPC indeed dose-dependently shuts down formation of microtubule tracks. In vitro data reveal that CPC inhibition of microtubules is not due to direct CPC interference with tubulin. In summary, CPC is a signaling toxicant that targets Ca 2+ mobilization.
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang X, Lee MD, Buckley C, Hollenberg MD, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Endothelial PAR2 activation evokes resistance artery relaxation. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:776-789. [PMID: 36791026 PMCID: PMC10952239 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-1 & -2 (PAR1 and PAR2) are expressed widely in cardiovascular tissues including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PAR1 and PAR2 may regulate blood pressure via changes in vascular contraction or relaxation mediated by endothelial Ca2+ signaling, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. By using single-cell Ca2+ imaging across hundreds of endothelial cells in intact blood vessels, we explored PAR-mediated regulation of blood vessel function using PAR1 and PAR2 activators. We show that PAR2 activation evoked multicellular Ca2+ waves that propagated across the endothelium. The PAR2-evoked Ca2+ waves were temporally distinct from those generated by muscarinic receptor activation. PAR2 activated distinct clusters of endothelial cells, and these cells were different from those activated by muscarinic receptor stimulation. These results indicate that distinct cell clusters facilitate spatial segregation of endothelial signal processing. We also demonstrate that PAR2 is a phospholipase C-coupled receptor that evokes Ca2+ release from the IP3 -sensitive store in endothelial cells. A physiological consequence of this PAR2 signaling system is endothelium-dependent relaxation. Conversely, PAR1 activation did not trigger endothelial cell Ca2+ signaling nor relax or contract mesenteric arteries. Neither did PAR1 activators alter the response to PAR2 or muscarinic receptor activation. Collectively, these results suggest that endothelial PAR2 but not PAR1 evokes mesenteric artery relaxation by evoking IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release from the internal store. Sensing mediated by PAR2 receptors is distributed to spatially separated clusters of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Matthew D. Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Cumming School of MedicineCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - John G. McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
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Wang H, Swore J, Sharma S, Szymanski JR, Yuste R, Daniel TL, Regnier M, Bosma MM, Fairhall AL. A complete biomechanical model of Hydra contractile behaviors, from neural drive to muscle to movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210439120. [PMID: 36897982 PMCID: PMC10089167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210439120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
How does neural activity drive muscles to produce behavior? The recent development of genetic lines in Hydra that allow complete calcium imaging of both neuronal and muscle activity, as well as systematic machine learning quantification of behaviors, makes this small cnidarian an ideal model system to understand and model the complete transformation from neural firing to body movements. To achieve this, we have built a neuromechanical model of Hydra's fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton, showing how drive by neuronal activity activates distinct patterns of muscle activity and body column biomechanics. Our model is based on experimental measurements of neuronal and muscle activity and assumes gap junctional coupling among muscle cells and calcium-dependent force generation by muscles. With these assumptions, we can robustly reproduce a basic set of Hydra's behaviors. We can further explain puzzling experimental observations, including the dual timescale kinetics observed in muscle activation and the engagement of ectodermal and endodermal muscles in different behaviors. This work delineates the spatiotemporal control space of Hydra movement and can serve as a template for future efforts to systematically decipher the transformations in the neural basis of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengji Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Computational Neuroscience Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Joshua Swore
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Shashank Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - John R. Szymanski
- NeuroTechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA02543
| | - Rafael Yuste
- NeuroTechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA02543
| | - Thomas L. Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Martha M. Bosma
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Adrienne L. Fairhall
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Computational Neuroscience Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA02543
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23
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Yang HM, Lee JE, Kim JY, You J, Kim J, Lee HS, Yoo HM, Kong MG, Han JK, Cho HJ, Park KW, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Park YB, Kim HS. Identification of cell-biologic mechanisms of coronary artery spasm and its ex vivo diagnosis using peripheral blood-derived iPSCs. Biomater Res 2023; 27:16. [PMID: 36803875 PMCID: PMC9938986 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vasospastic angina (VSA) is known to be caused by coronary artery spasm, no study has fully elucidated the exact underlying mechanism. Moreover, in order to confirm VSA, patients should undergo invasive coronary angiography with spasm provocation test. Herein, we investigated the pathophysiology of VSA using peripheral blood-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and developed an ex vivo diagnostic method for VSA. METHODS AND RESULTS With 10 mL of peripheral blood from patients with VSA, we generated iPSCs and differentiated these iPSCs into target cells. As compared with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiated from iPSCs of normal subjects with negative provocation test, VSA patient-specific iPSCs-derived VSMCs showed very strong contraction in response to stimulants. Moreover, VSA patient-specific VSMCs exhibited a significant increase in stimulation-induced intracellular calcium efflux (Changes in the relative fluorescence unit [ΔF/F]; Control group vs. VSA group, 2.89 ± 0.34 vs. 10.32 ± 0.51, p < 0.01), and exclusively induced a secondary or tertiary peak of calcium efflux, suggesting that those findings could be diagnostic cut-off values for VSA. The observed hyperreactivity of VSA patient-specific VSMCs were caused by the upregulation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) due to its enhanced small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)ylation. This increased activity of SERCA2a was reversed by treatment with ginkgolic acid, an inhibitor of SUMOylated E1 molecules (pi/µg protein; VSA group vs. VSA + ginkgolic acid, 52.36 ± 0.71 vs. 31.93 ± 1.13, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that abnormal calcium handling in sarco/endoplasmic reticulum could be induced by the enhanced SERCA2a activity in patients with VSA, leading to spasm. Such novel mechanisms of coronary artery spasm could be useful for drug development and diagnosis of VSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mo Yang
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye You
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Seung Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- grid.410883.60000 0001 2301 0664Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kong
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,grid.412678.e0000 0004 0634 1623Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Han
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Kang
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XInnovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daekak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul, Korea. .,Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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24
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The Importance of Pore-Forming Toxins in Multiple Organ Injury and Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123256. [PMID: 36552012 PMCID: PMC9776026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ injury and dysfunction often occurs in acute critical illness and adversely affects survival. However, in patients who survive, organ function usually recovers without permanent damage. It is, therefore, likely that there are reversible mechanisms, but this is poorly understood in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). AIMS Based on our knowledge of extracellular histones and pneumolysin, as endogenous and exogenous pore-forming toxins, respectively, here we clarify if the extent of cell membrane disruption and recovery is important in MODS. METHODS This is a combination of retrospective clinical studies of a cohort of 98 patients from an intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital, with interventional animal models and laboratory investigation. RESULTS In patients without septic shock and/or disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC), circulating histones also strongly correlated with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, suggesting their pore-forming property might play an important role. In vivo, histones or pneumolysin infusion similarly caused significant elevation of cell damage markers and multiple organ injury. In trauma and sepsis models, circulating histones strongly correlated with these markers, and anti-histone reagents significantly reduced their release. Comparison of pneumolysin deletion and its parental strain-induced sepsis mouse model showed that pneumolysin was not essential for sepsis development, but enhanced multiple organ damage and reduced survival time. In vitro, histones and pneumolysin treatment disrupt cell membrane integrity, resulting in changes in whole-cell currents and elevated intracellular Ca2+ to lead to Ca2+ overload. Cell-specific damage markers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), were released from damaged cells. Once toxins were removed, cell membrane damage could be rapidly repaired and cellular function recovered. CONCLUSION This work has confirmed the importance of pore-forming toxins in the development of MODS and proposed a potential mechanism to explain the reversibility of MODS. This may form the foundation for the development of effective therapies.
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25
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Jimenez C, Hawn MB, Akin E, Leblanc N. Translational potential of targeting Anoctamin-1-Encoded Calcium-Activated chloride channels in hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115320. [PMID: 36279919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) provide a depolarizing stimulus to a variety of tissues through chloride efflux in response to a rise in internal Ca2+ and voltage. One of these channels, Anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A) is now recognized to play a central role in promoting smooth muscle tone in various types of blood vessels. Its role in hypertension, and thus the therapeutic promise of targeting ANO1, is less straightforward. This review gives an overview of our current knowledge about the potential role ANO1 may play in hypertension within the systemic, portal, and pulmonary vascular systems and the importance of this information when pursuing potential treatment strategies. While the role of ANO1 is well-established in several forms of pulmonary hypertension, its contributions to both the generation of vascular tone and its role in hypertension within the systemic and portal systems are much less clear. This, combined with ANO1's various roles throughout a multitude of tissues throughout the body, command caution when targeting ANO1 as a therapeutic target and may require tissue-selective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Matthew B Hawn
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Elizabeth Akin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Normand Leblanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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26
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Whelan AJ, Ricci M, Harthan AA, Deshpande G. Calcium Responsive Pediatric Septic Shock Refractory to Isotonic Crystalloids and Inotropic Agents. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:765-769. [PMID: 36989008 PMCID: PMC9674360 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-27.8.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric septic shock is a life-threatening condition with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Standard management includes fluid resuscitation, timely antimicrobial administration, and epinephrine or norepinephrine if unresolved with initial management. Additional therapies are not well defined and include vasopressin, hydrocortisone, phenylephrine, levosimendan, dopamine, and others. Many of these agents modify cellular effects of calcium in the smooth muscle. The use of a calcium infusion may improve vasoactivity in the smooth muscle without the use of signaling pathways. Children are more susceptible to the effects of calcium, which may predispose them to enhanced vasoconstriction with the administration of intravenous calcium. We present a case in which a patient on chronic calcium channel blocker therapy presented with septic shock. She continued to remain hypotensive after fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Her blood pressure improved with the initiation of a continuous calcium chloride infusion. Norepinephrine and epinephrine doses were decreased after the initiation of the calcium infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva J. Whelan
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics (AJW), OSF Healthcare Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL
| | - Morgan Ricci
- Department of Emergency Medicine (MR), OSF Healthcare Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL
| | - Aaron A. Harthan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy (AAH), OSF Healthcare Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL
| | - Girish Deshpande
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (GD), Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, OSF Healthcare Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL
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27
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King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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28
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Wang X, Xu X, Zhu Q, Han Y, Zhang W. Hypoxia-induced miR-182-5p regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch by targeting RGS5. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1864-1875. [PMID: 35946384 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to vascular injury or alterations in the local environment, such as hypoxia and hypertension, contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are able to switch to a synthetic phenotype characterized by increased extracellular matrix synthesis with decreased expression of contractile markers. miR-182-5p has recently been reported to play a regulatory role in VSMCs proliferation. However, little is known about its target genes and related pathways in VSMCs phenotypic switch. Here, we investigated the function of miR-182-5p in VSMCs phenotypic switch. The results showed that upregulation of miR-182-5p promoted the switching of VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, hypoxia elevated miR-182-5p, leading to a reduction in expression of contractile markers and weakened RhoA signaling. Using bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays and rescue assays, we demonstrated that miR-182-5p suppressed RhoA signaling by targeting RGS5. Collectively, the results from the present study indicated that miR-182-5p/RGS5/RhoA axis regulated hypoxia-induced VSMCs phenotypic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Department of Hypertension, Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Hypertension, Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
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The airway smooth muscle sodium/calcium exchanger NCLX is critical for airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102259. [PMID: 35841929 PMCID: PMC9372629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural changes of airway smooth muscle (ASM) that characterize airway remodeling (AR) are crucial to the pathogenesis of asthma. During AR, ASM cells dedifferentiate from a quiescent to a proliferative, migratory, and secretory phenotype. Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, contraction, and metabolism. Furthermore, mitochondria have emerged as major Ca2+ signaling organelles that buffer Ca2+ through uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and extrude it through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX/Slc8b1). Here, we show using mitochondrial Ca2+-sensitive dyes that NCLX only partially contributes to mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion in ASM cells. Yet, NCLX is necessary for ASM cell proliferation and migration. Through cellular imaging, RNA-Seq, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that NCLX regulates these processes by preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and supporting store-operated Ca2+ entry, activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, and transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Using small animal respiratory mechanic measurements and immunohistochemistry, we show that smooth muscle-specific NCLX KO mice are protected against AR, fibrosis, and hyperresponsiveness in an experimental model of asthma. Our findings support NCLX as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma.
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Marx AM, Marx SO. Vasculature remodeling by pressure, caveolae, calcium, and kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204968119. [PMID: 35584115 PMCID: PMC9173809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204968119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven O. Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Signaling, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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31
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Mitchell NP, Cislo DJ, Shankar S, Lin Y, Shraiman BI, Streichan SJ. Visceral organ morphogenesis via calcium-patterned muscle constrictions. eLife 2022; 11:e77355. [PMID: 35593701 PMCID: PMC9275821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ architecture is often composed of multiple laminar tissues arranged in concentric layers. During morphogenesis, the initial geometry of visceral organs undergoes a sequence of folding, adopting a complex shape that is vital for function. Genetic signals are known to impact form, yet the dynamic and mechanical interplay of tissue layers giving rise to organs' complex shapes remains elusive. Here, we trace the dynamics and mechanical interactions of a developing visceral organ across tissue layers, from subcellular to organ scale in vivo. Combining deep tissue light-sheet microscopy for in toto live visualization with a novel computational framework for multilayer analysis of evolving complex shapes, we find a dynamic mechanism for organ folding using the embryonic midgut of Drosophila as a model visceral organ. Hox genes, known regulators of organ shape, control the emergence of high-frequency calcium pulses. Spatiotemporally patterned calcium pulses trigger muscle contractions via myosin light chain kinase. Muscle contractions, in turn, induce cell shape change in the adjacent tissue layer. This cell shape change collectively drives a convergent extension pattern. Through tissue incompressibility and initial organ geometry, this in-plane shape change is linked to out-of-plane organ folding. Our analysis follows tissue dynamics during organ shape change in vivo, tracing organ-scale folding to a high-frequency molecular mechanism. These findings offer a mechanical route for gene expression to induce organ shape change: genetic patterning in one layer triggers a physical process in the adjacent layer - revealing post-translational mechanisms that govern shape change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah P Mitchell
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Dillon J Cislo
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Suraj Shankar
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
- Department of Physics, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yuzheng Lin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Boris I Shraiman
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Sebastian J Streichan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
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Pereira AC, Araújo AV, Paulo M, da Silva RS, Bendhack LM. RuBPY decreases intracellular calcium by decreasing influx and increasing storage. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:759-766. [PMID: 35527704 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RuBPY is a ruthenium complex NO donor that presents a nitrite in its moiety and has been shown to induce vasodilation in various arteries, as well as arterial pressure reduction with no changes in heart rate. Since vascular tone is highly dependent on the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]c), the current study aimed to investigate the effects of RuBPY on the intracellular mobilization of calcium stores of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular reactivity experiments were performed in isolated aortic rings that were contracted with a high concentration of KCl or phenylephrine (Phe). Moreover, primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells were used to measure [Ca2+ ]c by confocal microscopy. The NO donor RuBPY decreased the [Ca2+ ]c and reduced KCl and Phe -induced contractile responses. The selective inhibitor of sarco-endoplasmic Ca-ATPase (SERCA) with thapsigargin impaired the effect of RuBPY on Phe -induced contractile response. RuBPY also reduced caffeine-induced contraction, and the contraction dependent on the capacitive Ca2+ influx. Therefore, our results suggest that NO released from RuBPY decreased [Ca2+ ]c by calcium influx blockade, and activation of guanylyl-cyclase-cGMP-GK pathway. These results indicate that RuBPY increases Ca2+ storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by SERCA activation, and also by capacitive Ca2+ influx inhibition, which is dependent on the intracellular release of nitric oxide from this compound. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine of Itajubá (FMIt), Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - A V Araújo
- Department of Public Health, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - M Paulo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R S da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L M Bendhack
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Korte N, Ilkan Z, Pearson CL, Pfeiffer T, Singhal P, Rock JR, Sethi H, Gill D, Attwell D, Tammaro P. The Ca2+-gated channel TMEM16A amplifies capillary pericyte contraction and reduces cerebral blood flow after ischemia. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e154118. [PMID: 35316222 PMCID: PMC9057602 DOI: 10.1172/jci154118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericyte-mediated capillary constriction decreases cerebral blood flow in stroke after an occluded artery is unblocked. The determinants of pericyte tone are poorly understood. We show that a small rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pericytes activated chloride efflux through the Ca2+-gated anion channel TMEM16A, thus depolarizing the cell and opening voltage-gated calcium channels. This mechanism strongly amplified the pericyte [Ca2+]i rise and capillary constriction evoked by contractile agonists and ischemia. In a rodent stroke model, TMEM16A inhibition slowed the ischemia-evoked pericyte [Ca2+]i rise, capillary constriction, and pericyte death; reduced neutrophil stalling; and improved cerebrovascular reperfusion. Genetic analysis implicated altered TMEM16A expression in poor patient recovery from ischemic stroke. Thus, pericyte TMEM16A is a crucial regulator of cerebral capillary function and a potential therapeutic target for stroke and possibly other disorders of impaired microvascular flow, such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Korte
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zeki Ilkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Pfeiffer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhav Singhal
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason R. Rock
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huma Sethi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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A molecular complex of Ca v1.2/CaMKK2/CaMK1a in caveolae is responsible for vascular remodeling via excitation-transcription coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117435119. [PMID: 35412911 PMCID: PMC9169798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117435119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation–transcription (E-T) coupling can initiate and modulate essential physiological or pathological responses in cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes. Although vascular myocytes also exhibit E-T coupling in response to membrane depolarization, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Our study reveals that E-T coupling in vascular myocytes converts intracellular Ca2+ signals into selective gene transcription related to chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and inflammation. Our discovery identifies a mechanism for vascular remodeling as an adaptation to increased circumferential stretch. Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMK) and promotes gene transcription. This signaling pathway is referred to as excitation–transcription (E-T) coupling. Although vascular myocytes can exhibit E-T coupling, the molecular mechanisms and physiological/pathological roles are unknown. Multiscale analysis spanning from single molecules to whole organisms has revealed essential steps in mouse vascular myocyte E-T coupling. Upon a depolarizing stimulus, Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels activates CaMKK2 and CaMK1a, resulting in intranuclear CREB phosphorylation. Within caveolae, the formation of a molecular complex of Cav1.2/CaMKK2/CaMK1a is promoted in vascular myocytes. Live imaging using a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator revealed direct activation of CaMKK2 by Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 localized to caveolae. CaMK1a is phosphorylated by CaMKK2 at caveolae and translocated to the nucleus upon membrane depolarization. In addition, sustained depolarization of a mesenteric artery preparation induced genes related to chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and inflammation, and these changes were reversed by inhibitors of Cav1.2, CaMKK2, and CaMK, or disruption of caveolae. In the context of pathophysiology, when the mesenteric artery was loaded by high pressure in vivo, we observed CREB phosphorylation in myocytes, macrophage accumulation at adventitia, and an increase in thickness and cross-sectional area of the tunica media. These changes were reduced in caveolin1-knockout mice or in mice treated with the CaMKK2 inhibitor STO609. In summary, E-T coupling depends on Cav1.2/CaMKK2/CaMK1a localized to caveolae, and this complex converts [Ca2+]i changes into gene transcription. This ultimately leads to macrophage accumulation and media remodeling for adaptation to increased circumferential stretch.
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Zhang X, Lee MD, Buckley C, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Mitochondria regulate TRPV4-mediated release of ATP. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1017-1032. [PMID: 34605007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 channels triggers Ca2+ release from the IP3 -sensitive internal store to generate repetitive oscillations. Although mitochondria are acknowledged regulators of IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release, how TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals are regulated by mitochondria is unknown. We show that depolarised mitochondria switch TRPV4 signalling from relying on Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release at IP3 receptors to being independent of Ca2+ influx and instead mediated by ATP release via pannexins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TRPV4-evoked Ca2+ signals were individually examined in hundreds of cells in the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance arteries using the indicator Cal520. KEY RESULTS TRPV4 activation with GSK1016790A (GSK) generated repetitive Ca2+ oscillations that required Ca2+ influx. However, when the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarised, by the uncoupler CCCP or complex I inhibitor rotenone, TRPV4 activation generated large propagating, multicellular, Ca2+ waves in the absence of external Ca2+ . The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin did not potentiate TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals. GSK-evoked Ca2+ waves, when mitochondria were depolarised, were blocked by the TRPV4 channel blocker HC067047, the SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid, the PLC blocker U73122 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor blocker caffeine. The Ca2+ waves were also inhibited by the extracellular ATP blockers suramin and apyrase and the pannexin blocker probenecid. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlight a previously unknown role of mitochondria in shaping TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signalling by facilitating ATP release. When mitochondria are depolarised, TRPV4-mediated release of ATP via pannexin channels activates plasma membrane purinergic receptors to trigger IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Badin JK, Eggenberger C, Rodenbeck SD, Hashmi ZA, Wang IW, Garcia JP, Alloosh M, Sturek M. Intracellular Ca 2+ Dysregulation in Coronary Smooth Muscle Is Similar in Coronary Disease of Humans and Ossabaw Miniature Swine. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:167-178. [PMID: 34286469 PMCID: PMC10620470 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dysregulation occurs in coronary smooth muscle (CSM) in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) of metabolic syndrome (MetS) swine. Our goal was to determine how CAD severity, arterial structure, and MetS risk factors associate with [Ca2+]i dysregulation in human CAD compared to changes in Ossabaw miniature swine. CSM cells were dispersed from coronary arteries of explanted hearts from transplant recipients and from lean and MetS swine with CAD. CSM [Ca2+]i elicited by Ca2+ influx and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and sequestration was measured with fura-2. Increased [Ca2+]i signaling was associated with advanced age and a greater media area in human CAD. Decreased [Ca2+]i signaling was associated with a greater number of risk factors and a higher plaque burden in human and swine CAD. Similar [Ca2+]i dysregulation exhibited in human and Ossabaw swine CSM provides strong evidence for the translational relevance of this large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Badin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Medical Sciences, Room 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Caleb Eggenberger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Medical Sciences, Room 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Stacey Dineen Rodenbeck
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Medical Sciences, Room 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biology, Harding University, Searcy, AR, 72149, USA
| | - Zubair A Hashmi
- Cardiothoracic Transplantation Surgery, Indiana University - Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - I-Wen Wang
- Cardiothoracic Transplantation Surgery, Indiana University - Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jose P Garcia
- Cardiothoracic Transplantation Surgery, Indiana University - Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Medical Sciences, Room 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Medical Sciences, Room 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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STIM1 is a core trigger of airway smooth muscle remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114557118. [PMID: 34949717 PMCID: PMC8740694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114557118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins are essential for the function of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Using transcriptomics, metabolomics, imaging, and inducible smooth muscle–specific STIM1 knockout mice expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors, we reveal a crucial function of STIM1 in airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. STIM1-mediated Ca2+ oscillations in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are critical for ASM remodeling through metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and cytokine secretion, including IL-6. These effects are driven by Ca2+-dependent activation of the transcription factor isoform NFAT4 specifically in ASM. Our data provide evidence that ASM STIM1 and SOCE are central triggers of asthma manifestations and advocate for the future use of STIM1 as a molecular target in asthma therapy. Airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness are central drivers of asthma severity. Airway remodeling is a structural change involving the dedifferentiation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from a quiescent to a proliferative and secretory phenotype. Here, we show up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) in ASM of asthmatic mice. STIM1 is required for metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that supports airway remodeling, including ASM proliferation, migration, secretion of cytokines and extracellular matrix, enhanced mitochondrial mass, and increased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic flux. Mechanistically, STIM1-mediated Ca2+ influx is critical for the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 secretion and transcription of pro-remodeling transcription factors, growth factors, surface receptors, and asthma-associated proteins. STIM1 drives airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice through enhanced frequency and amplitude of ASM cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Our data advocates for ASM STIM1 as a target for asthma therapy.
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Dixon RE, Navedo MF, Binder MD, Santana LF. Mechanisms and Physiological Implications of Cooperative Gating of Ion Channels Clusters. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:1159-1210. [PMID: 34927454 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin-Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion channels have always been thought of as independent agents. A myriad of recent experimental findings exploiting advances in electrophysiology, structural biology, and imaging techniques, however, have posed a serious challenge to this long-held axiom as several classes of ion channels appear to open and close in a coordinated, cooperative manner. Ion channel cooperativity ranges from variable-sized oligomeric cooperative gating in voltage-gated, dihydropyridine-sensitive Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels to obligatory dimeric assembly and gating of voltage-gated Nav1.5 channels. Potassium channels, transient receptor potential channels, hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide-activated channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) have also been shown to gate cooperatively. The implications of cooperative gating of these ion channels range from fine tuning excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells to regulating cardiac function and vascular tone, to modulation of action potential and conduction velocity in neurons and cardiac cells, and to control of pace-making activity in the heart. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to cooperative gating of ion channels, their physiological consequences and how alterations in cooperative gating of ion channels may induce a range of clinically significant pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ellen Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marc D Binder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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Augmented K Ca2.3 Channel Feedback Regulation of Oxytocin Stimulated Uterine Strips from Nonpregnant Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413585. [PMID: 34948381 PMCID: PMC8709448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine contractions prior to 37 weeks gestation can result in preterm labor with significant risk to the infant. Current tocolytic therapies aimed at suppressing premature uterine contractions are largely ineffective and cause serious side effects. Calcium (Ca2+) dependent contractions of uterine smooth muscle are physiologically limited by the opening of membrane potassium (K+) channels. Exploiting such inherent negative feedback mechanisms may offer new strategies to delay labor and reduce risk. Positive modulation of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2.3) channels with cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (CyPPA), effectively decreases uterine contractions. This study investigates whether the receptor agonist oxytocin might solicit KCa2.3 channel feedback that facilitates CyPPA suppression of uterine contractions. Using isometric force myography, we found that spontaneous phasic contractions of myometrial tissue from nonpregnant mice were suppressed by CyPPA and, in the presence of CyPPA, oxytocin failed to augment contractions. In tissues exposed to oxytocin, depletion of internal Ca2+ stores with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) impaired CyPPA relaxation, whereas blockade of nonselective cation channels (NSCC) using gadolinium (Gd3+) had no significant effect. Immunofluorescence revealed close proximity of KCa2.3 channels and ER inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) within myometrial smooth muscle cells. The findings suggest internal Ca2+ stores play a role in KCa2.3-dependent feedback control of uterine contraction and offer new insights for tocolytic therapies.
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Monjotin N, Tenca G. Lymphotonic activity of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone and vitamin C in human lymphatic smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2021; 139:104274. [PMID: 34717967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides actions including their venotonic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects, venoactive drugs are expected to act on edema via their action on lymphatics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of Ruscus, hesperidin methyl chalcone and Vitamin C (Ruscus/HMC/Vit C) on intracellular calcium mobilization and contraction of human lymphatic smooth muscle cells (LSMCs) to better characterize the mechanism of its lymphotonic activity. METHODS Calcium mobilization was evidenced by videomicroscopy analysis of the fluorescence emitted by a specific Ca2+ sensitive dye and measured after injection of Ruscus/HMC/Vit C at 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/mL into LSMCs. RESULTS Ruscus/HMC/Vit C induced a strong and reproducible concentration-dependent calcium mobilization in LSMCs. On the contrary, another venoactive drug used as comparator, micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF), did not induce calcium mobilization whatever the tested concentration. CONCLUSION Although alternative mechanisms of action may result in potential lymphotonic effects, the efficacy of lymphotonic products is nonetheless related to their stimulating effect on the contractile activity of the smooth muscle cells surrounding lymphatic vessels. In the light of the results obtained in this study, the direct effect of Ruscus/HMC/Vit C on LSMC contraction may partially explain its clinical efficacy on lymphotonic activity, as has been observed in terms of objective signs of edema as reported in the recent guidelines on chronic venous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Monjotin
- Institut de recherche Pierre Fabre, 17 Avenue Jean Moulin, 81106 Castres cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Tenca
- Bioalternatives, 1 bis rue des plantes, 86160 Gençay, France
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The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of Parmotrema perlatum Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216348. [PMID: 34770756 PMCID: PMC8588472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parmotremaperlatum is traditionally used in different areas of Pakistan to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. This study evaluates the underlying mechanisms for traditional uses of P. perlatum in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. In vitro pharmacological studies were conducted using isolated jejunum, trachea, and aortic preparations, while the cytotoxic study was conducted in mice. Crude extract of P. perlatum(Pp.Cr), comprising appreciable quantities of alkaloids and flavonoids, relaxed spontaneously contracting jejunum preparation, K+ (80 mM)-induced, and carbachol (1 µM)-induced jejunum contractions in a concentration-dependent manner similar to dicyclomine and dantrolene. Pp.Cr showed a rightward parallel shift of concentration-response curves (CRCs) of Cch after a non-parallel shift similarto dicyclomine and shifted CRCs of Ca+2 to rightward much likeverapamil and dantrolene, demonstrating the coexistence of antimuscarinic and Ca+2 antagonistic mechanism. Furthermore, Pp.Cr, dicyclomine, and dantrolene relaxed K+ (80 mM)-induced and Cch (1 µM)-induced tracheal contractions and shifted rightward CRCs of Cch similar to dicyclomine, signifying the dual blockade. Additionally, Pp.Cr also relaxed the K+ (80 mM)-induced and phenylephrine (1 µM)-induced aortic contraction, similarly to verapamil and dantrolene, suggesting Ca+2 channel antagonism. Here, we explored for the first time thespasmolytic and bronchodilator effects of Pp.Crand whether they maybe due to the dual blockade of Ca+2 channels and muscarinic receptors, while the vasodilator effect might be owing to Ca+2 antagonism. Our results provide the pharmacological evidence that P. perlatum could be a new potential therapeutic option to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. Hence, there is a need for further research to explore bioactive constituent of P. perlatum as well as further investigation by suitable experimental models are required to further confirm the importance and usefulness of P. perlatum in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension treatment.
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Petkov VH, Ardasheva RG, Prissadova NA, Kristev AD, Stoyanov PS, Argirova MD. Receptor-mediated biological effects of extracts obtained from three Asplenium species. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:367-373. [PMID: 33823097 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of aqueous extracts obtained from three fern species of Bulgarian origin: Asplenium ceterach L., Asplenium scolopendrium L., and Asplenium trichomanes L. on the contractility and bioelectrogenesis of rat gastric smooth muscle tissues. In the concentration range 0.015-0.150 mg/mL the three extracts contracted smooth muscle tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. The contractions caused by A. ceterach L. and A. scolopendrium L. extracts (0.150 mg/mL) were reduced by ketanserin (5 × 10-7 and 5 × 10-6 mol/L), an antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2 receptor. The contraction evoked by A. trichomanes L. (0.150 mg/mL) was significantly reduced by 1 × 10-6 mol/L atropine, an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, and turned into relaxation against the background of 3 × 10-7 mol/L galantamine. After combined pretreatment with galantamine and l-arginine (5 × 10-4 mol/L), this relaxation become more pronounced. The study demonstrates that constituents of A. ceterach L. and A. scolopendrium L. extracts act as agonists of 5-HT2 receptors and cause contraction by activating serotonergic signaling system. A. trichomanes L.-induced reaction is an additive result of two opposite-in-character effects. The dominant contraction is initiated by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. The relaxation develops with pre-inhibited acetylcholinesterase, it is significantly potentiated by l-arginine, and therefore associated with nitrergic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelin H Petkov
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Raina G Ardasheva
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Str., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia A Prissadova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Str., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Athanas D Kristev
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Str., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen S Stoyanov
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Str., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana D Argirova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Str., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Glück C, Ferrari KD, Binini N, Keller A, Saab AS, Stobart JL, Weber B. Distinct signatures of calcium activity in brain mural cells. eLife 2021; 10:e70591. [PMID: 34227466 PMCID: PMC8294852 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes have been implicated in various neuropathologies, yet little is known about their function and signaling pathways in health. Here, we characterized calcium dynamics of cortical mural cells in anesthetized or awake Pdgfrb-CreERT2;Rosa26< LSL-GCaMP6s > mice and in acute brain slices. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ensheathing pericytes (EPs), also named as terminal vascular SMCs, revealed similar calcium dynamics in vivo. In contrast, calcium signals in capillary pericytes (CPs) were irregular, higher in frequency, and occurred in cellular microdomains. In the absence of the vessel constricting agent U46619 in acute slices, SMCs and EPs revealed only sparse calcium signals, whereas CPs retained their spontaneous calcium activity. Interestingly, chemogenetic activation of neurons in vivo and acute elevations of extracellular potassium in brain slices strongly decreased calcium activity in CPs. We propose that neuronal activation and an extracellular increase in potassium suppress calcium activity in CPs, likely mediated by Kir2.2 and KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kim David Ferrari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Noemi Binini
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Aiman S Saab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jillian L Stobart
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of PharmacyWinnipegCanada
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Longden TA, Mughal A, Hennig GW, Harraz OF, Shui B, Lee FK, Lee JC, Reining S, Kotlikoff MI, König GM, Kostenis E, Hill-Eubanks D, Nelson MT. Local IP 3 receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signals compound to direct blood flow in brain capillaries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0101. [PMID: 34290098 PMCID: PMC8294755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Healthy brain function depends on the finely tuned spatial and temporal delivery of blood-borne nutrients to active neurons via the vast, dense capillary network. Here, using in vivo imaging in anesthetized mice, we reveal that brain capillary endothelial cells control blood flow through a hierarchy of IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ events, ranging from small, subsecond protoevents, reflecting Ca2+ release through a small number of channels, to high-amplitude, sustained (up to ~1 min) compound events mediated by large clusters of channels. These frequent (~5000 events/s per microliter of cortex) Ca2+ signals are driven by neuronal activity, which engages Gq protein-coupled receptor signaling, and are enhanced by Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 channels. The resulting Ca2+-dependent synthesis of nitric oxide increases local blood flow selectively through affected capillary branches, providing a mechanism for high-resolution control of blood flow to small clusters of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Longden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Cripps SM, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ. Erectile Dysfunction in Men on the Rise: Is There a Link with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals? Sex Dev 2021; 15:187-212. [PMID: 34134123 DOI: 10.1159/000516600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting men. ED can arise from disruptions during development, affecting the patterning of erectile tissues in the penis and/or disruptions in adulthood that impact sexual stimuli, neural pathways, molecular changes, and endocrine signalling that are required to drive erection. Sexual stimulation activates the parasympathetic system which causes nerve terminals in the penis to release nitric oxide (NO). As a result, the penile blood vessels dilate, allowing the penis to engorge with blood. This expansion subsequently compresses the veins surrounding the erectile tissue, restricting venous outflow. As a result, the blood pressure localised in the penis increases dramatically to produce a rigid erection, a process known as tumescence. The sympathetic pathway releases noradrenaline (NA) which causes detumescence: the reversion of the penis to the flaccid state. Androgen signalling is critical for erectile function through its role in penis development and in regulating the physiological processes driving erection in the adult. Interestingly, estrogen signalling is also implicated in penis development and potentially in processes which regulate erectile function during adulthood. Given that endocrine signalling has a prominent role in erectile function, it is likely that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a risk factor for ED, although this is an under-researched field. Thus, our review provides a detailed description of the underlying biology of erectile function with a focus on the role of endocrine signalling, exploring the potential link between EDCs and ED based on animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Cripps
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deidre M Mattiske
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kurtz JA, VanDusseldorp TA, Doyle JA, Otis JS. Taurine in sports and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 34039357 PMCID: PMC8152067 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine has become a popular supplement among athletes attempting to improve performance. While the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid remains controversial, this paper summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of taurine in aerobic and anaerobic performance, metabolic stress, muscle soreness, and recovery. METHODS Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through September 2020. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated taurine as a single ingredient at dosages of < 1 g - 6 g, ranging from 10 to 15 min-to-2 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days- 8 weeks) of consumption were included. Articles were excluded if taurine was not the primary or only ingredient in a supplement or food source, not published in peer-reviewed journals, if participants were older than 50 years, articles published before 1999, animal studies, or included participants with health issues. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. RESULTS Key results include improvements in the following: VO2max, time to exhaustion (TTE; n = 5 articles), 3 or 4 km time-trial (n = 2 articles), anaerobic performance (n = 7 articles), muscle damage (n = 3 articles), peak power (n = 2 articles), recovery (n = 1 article). Taurine also caused a change in metabolites: decrease in lactate, creatine kinase, phosphorus, inflammatory markers, and improved glycolytic/fat oxidation markers (n = 5 articles). Taurine dosing appears to be effective at ~ 1-3 g/day acutely across a span of 6-15 days (1-3 h before an activity) which may improve aerobic performance (TTE), anaerobic performance (strength, power), recovery (DOMS), and a decrease in metabolic markers (creatine kinase, lactate, inorganic phosphate). CONCLUSIONS Limited and varied findings prohibit definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of taurine on aerobic and anaerobic performance and metabolic outcomes. There are mixed findings for the effect of taurine consumption on improving recovery from training bouts and/or mitigating muscle damage. The timing of taurine ingestion as well as the type of exercise protocol performed may contribute to the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid. More investigations are needed to better understand the potential effects of taurine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance, muscle damage, metabolic stress, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Kurtz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - J. Andrew Doyle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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Truong L, Zheng YM, Kandhi S, Wang YX. Overview on Interactive Role of Inflammation, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Calcium Signaling in Asthma, COPD, and Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:147-164. [PMID: 34019268 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling is a major component in the development and progression of many lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). This chapter will provide a brief overview of asthma, COPD, and PH and how inflammation plays a vital role in these diseases. Specifically, we will discuss the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signaling in inflammatory cellular responses and how these interactive signaling pathways mediate the development of asthma, COPD, and PH. We will also deliberate the key cellular responses of pulmonary arterial (PA) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and airway SMCs (ASMCs) in these devastating lung diseases. The analysis of the importance of inflammation will shed light on the key questions remaining in this field and highlight molecular targets that are worth exploring. The crucial findings will not only demonstrate the novel roles of essential signaling molecules such as Rieske iron-sulfur protein and ryanodine receptor in the development and progress of asthma, COPD, and PH but also offer advanced insight for creating more effective and new therapeutic targets for these devastating inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Truong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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Guldbrandsen HO, Staehr C, Iversen NK, Postnov DD, Matchkov VV. Does Src Kinase Mediated Vasoconstriction Impair Penumbral Reperfusion? Stroke 2021; 52:e250-e258. [PMID: 33947213 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful recanalization, a significant number of patients with ischemic stroke experience impaired local brain tissue reperfusion with adverse clinical outcome. The cause and mechanism of this multifactorial complication are yet to be understood. At the current moment, major attention is given to dysfunction in blood-brain barrier and capillary blood flow but contribution of exaggerated constriction of cerebral arterioles has also been suggested. In the brain, arterioles significantly contribute to vascular resistance and thus control of perfusion. Accordingly, pathological changes in arteriolar wall function can, therefore, limit sufficient reperfusion in ischemic stroke, but this has not yet received sufficient attention. Although an increased vascular tone after reperfusion has been demonstrated in several studies, the mechanism behind it remains to be characterized. Importantly, the majority of conventional mechanisms controlling vascular contraction failed to explain elevated cerebrovascular tone after reperfusion. We propose here that the Na,K-ATPase-dependent Src kinase activation are the key mechanisms responsible for elevation of cerebrovascular tone after reperfusion. The Na,K-ATPase, which is essential to control intracellular ion homeostasis, also executes numerous signaling functions. Under hypoxic conditions, the Na,K-ATPase is endocytosed from the membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells. This initiates the Src kinase signaling pathway that sensitizes the contractile machinery to intracellular Ca2+ resulting in hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle cells and, thus, elevated cerebrovascular tone that can contribute to impaired reperfusion after stroke. This mechanism integrates with cerebral edema that was suggested to underlie impaired reperfusion and is further supported by several studies, which are discussed in this article. However, final demonstration of the molecular mechanism behind Src kinase-associated arteriolar hypercontractility in stroke remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Staehr
- Department of Biomedicine, MEMBRANES, Health (H.O.G., C.S., V.V.M.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nina Kerting Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Medicine (N.K.I.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Dmitry D Postnov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Denmark (D.D.P.)
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, MEMBRANES, Health (H.O.G., C.S., V.V.M.), Aarhus University, Denmark
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Koutras A, Fasoulakis Z, Syllaios A, Garmpis N, Diakosavvas M, Pagkalos A, Ntounis T, Kontomanolis EN. Physiology and Pathology of Contractility of the Myometrium. In Vivo 2021; 35:1401-1408. [PMID: 33910817 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Uterine atony is a serious obstetrical complication since it is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the 5 major causes of postpartum mortality; therefore, it requires immediate medical intervention, independent of whether delivery occurs normally or with a cesarean section. While in the past years most cases of postpartum hemorrhage were caused due to uterine atony following vaginal delivery, in recent years most PPH cases indicate a significant association with cesarean delivery. There are several methods used in order to avoid such a life-threatening complication, ranging from risk assessment to prevention, and finally medical intervention and management, if such an event occurs. In this scientific paper emphasis is given on the so-called "uterotonic" agents that are currently used, including oxytocin among others. It is, therefore, important to be familiar with these agents as well as understand the physiological mechanism by which they work, since they are used in everyday practice, not only for managing but also for preventing PPH. There are several potential questions that arise from the use of such "uterotonic" agents, and most specifically of oxytocin. Maybe one of the most important issues is the determination of optimal dosing of oxytocin in order to avoid PPH after a cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Koutras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Zacharias Fasoulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Diakosavvas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pagkalos
- Consultant on Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Xanthi, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Thomas Ntounis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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50
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Donadon M, Santoro MM. The origin and mechanisms of smooth muscle cell development in vertebrates. Development 2021; 148:148/7/dev197384. [PMID: 33789914 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represent a major structural and functional component of many organs during embryonic development and adulthood. These cells are a crucial component of vertebrate structure and physiology, and an updated overview of the developmental and functional process of smooth muscle during organogenesis is desirable. Here, we describe the developmental origin of SMCs within different tissues by comparing their specification and differentiation with other organs, including the cardiovascular, respiratory and intestinal systems. We then discuss the instructive roles of smooth muscle in the development of such organs through signaling and mechanical feedback mechanisms. By understanding SMC development, we hope to advance therapeutic approaches related to tissue regeneration and other smooth muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Donadon
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padua, Italy
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