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Niu L, Wang H, Luo G, Zhou J, Hu Z, Yan B. Advances in understanding immune homeostasis in latent tuberculosis infection. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1643. [PMID: 38351551 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Nearly one-fourth of the global population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and approximately 90%-95% remain asymptomatic as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), an estimated 5%-10% of those with latent infections will eventually progress to active tuberculosis (ATB). Although it is widely accepted that LTBI transitioning to ATB results from a disruption of host immune balance and a weakening of protective immune responses, the exact underlying immunological mechanisms that promote this conversion are not well characterized. Thus, it is difficult to accurately predict tuberculosis (TB) progression in advance, leaving the LTBI population as a significant threat to TB prevention and control. This article systematically explores three aspects related to the immunoregulatory mechanisms and translational research about LTBI: (1) the distinct immunocytological characteristics of LTBI and ATB, (2) LTBI diagnostic markers discovery related to host anti-TB immunity and metabolic pathways, and (3) vaccine development focus on LTBI. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Niu
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Geyang Luo
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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2
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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi MKK, Tavolara T, Gower A, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins KL, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011915. [PMID: 38861581 PMCID: PMC11195971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects two billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. Here, we investigate the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using immune and inflammatory mediators; and clinical, microbiological, and granuloma correlates of disease identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16; and three known loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Further, multiple positively correlated traits shared loci on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17 and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these loci contain critical genetic regulators of inflammatory responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks to generate scores representing functional relationships. The scores were used to rank candidates for each mapped trait, resulting in 11 candidate genes: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Although all candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling, and all contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNPs in only four genes (S100a8, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zfp318) are predicted to have deleterious effects on protein functions. We performed methodological and candidate validations to (i) assess biological relevance of predicted allele effects by showing that Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWK/PhJ alleles at the H-2 locus on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) confirm accuracy of predicted allele effects by quantifying S100A8 protein in inbred founder strains; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this body of work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of complex host-pathogens interactions contributing to granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Anna L. Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Bulent Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Deniz Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MK Khalid Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anas Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philipe A. Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Kurtz
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Elkins
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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3
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A spotlight on the tuberculosis epidemic in South Africa. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1290. [PMID: 38346962 PMCID: PMC10861440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
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Ishida E, Corrigan DT, Chen T, Liu Y, Kim RS, Song L, Rutledge TM, Magee DM, LaBaer J, Lowary TL, Lin PL, Achkar JM. Mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses correlate with protection against active tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104897. [PMID: 38096687 PMCID: PMC10758715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potentially protective antigens, especially in the airways, is limited. The main objective of this study was to identify antigen-specific airway and systemic immunoglobulin isotype responses associated with the outcome of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) versus uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates. METHODS In a case-control design, using non-parametric group comparisons with false discovery rate adjustments, we assessed antibodies in 57 cynomolgus macaques which, following low-dose airway Mtb infection, developed either LTBI or TB. We investigated airway and systemic IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in paired bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples prior to, two-, and 5-6-months post Mtb infection using an antigen-unbiased approach with Mtb glycan and proteome-wide microarrays. FINDINGS Macaques that developed LTBI (n = 36) had significantly increased airway and plasma IgA reactivities to specific arabinomannan (AM) motifs prior to Mtb infection compared to those that developed TB (n = 21; p < 0.01, q < 0.05). Furthermore, LTBI macaques had higher plasma IgG reactivity to protein MTB32A (Rv0125) early post Mtb infection (p < 0.05) and increasing airway IgG responses to some proteins over time. INTERPRETATION Our results support a protective role of pre-existing mucosal (lung) and systemic IgA to specific Mtb glycan motifs, suggesting that prior exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria could be protective against TB. They further suggest that IgG to Mtb proteins early post infection could provide an additional protective mechanism. These findings could inform TB vaccine development strategies. FUNDING NIH/NIAID AI117927, AI146329, and AI127173 to JMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryung S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tara M Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Mitchell Magee
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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5
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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi M, Tavolara T, Gower AC, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins K, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572738. [PMID: 38187647 PMCID: PMC10769337 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), infects 2 billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new TB cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. We investigated the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using clinical indicators of disease, granuloma histopathological features, and immune response traits identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16 and three previously identified loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17, associated with multiple correlated traits and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these QTLs contain important genetic regulators of responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes in QTLs, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks, generating functional scores. The scores were then used to rank candidates for each mapped trait in each locus, resulting in 11 candidates: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Importantly, all 11 candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling. Further, all candidates contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and some but not all SNPs were predicted to have deleterious consequences on protein functions. Multiple methods were used for validation including (i) a statistical method that showed Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWH/PhJ alleles on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) quantification of S100A8 protein levels, confirming predicted allele effects; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and new functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - A L Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | | | | | - B Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - D Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - M N Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mkk Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - T Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - A C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - D Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - E McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - M L Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - P A Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Kurtz
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - K Elkins
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - I Kramnik
- NIEDL, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - G Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
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King HAD, Pokkali S, Kim D, Brammer D, Song K, McCarthy E, Lehman C, Todd JP, Foulds KE, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Bolton DL, Roederer M. Immune Activation Profiles Elicited by Distinct, Repeated TLR Agonist Infusions in Rhesus Macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1643-1655. [PMID: 37861342 PMCID: PMC10656433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
TLR agonists are a promising class of immune system stimulants investigated for immunomodulatory applications in cancer immunotherapy and viral diseases. In this study, we sought to characterize the safety and immune activation achieved by different TLR agonists in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), a useful preclinical model of complex immune interactions. Macaques received one of three TLR agonists, followed by plasma cytokine, immune cell subset representation, and blood cell activation measurements. The TLR4 agonist LPS administered i.v. induced very transient immune activation, including TNF-α expression and monocyte activation. The TLR7/8 agonist 2BXy elicited more persistent cytokine expression, including type I IFN, IL-1RA, and the proinflammatory IL-6, along with T cell and monocyte activation. Delivery of 2BXy i.v. and i.m. achieved comparable immune activation, which increased with escalating dose. Finally, i.v. bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination (which activates multiple TLRs, especially TLR2/4) elicited the most pronounced and persistent innate and adaptive immune response, including strong induction of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1RA. Strikingly, monocyte, T cell, and NK cell expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 increased dramatically following BCG vaccination. This aligned with a large increase in total and BCG-specific cells measured in the lung. Principal component analysis of the combined cytokine expression and cellular activation responses separated animals by treatment group, indicating distinct immune activation profiles induced by each agent. In sum, we report safe, effective doses and routes of administration for three TLR agonists that exhibit discrete immunomodulatory properties in primates and may be leveraged in future immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. D. King
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dohoon Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel Brammer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kaimei Song
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Chelsea Lehman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Haycroft ER, Damelang T, Lopez E, Rodgers MA, Wines BD, Hogarth M, Ameel CL, Kent SJ, Scanga CA, O'Connor SL, Chung AW. Antibody glycosylation correlates with disease progression in SIV- Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfected cynomolgus macaques. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1474. [PMID: 38020728 PMCID: PMC10660403 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. However, the immunological mechanisms associated with the enhanced susceptibility among HIV-positive individuals remain largely unknown. Methods Here, we used a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/TB-coinfection Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model to examine humoral responses from the plasma of SIV-negative (n = 8) and SIV-positive (n = 7) MCM 8-week postinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Results Antibody responses to Mtb were impaired during SIV coinfection. Elevated inflammatory bulk IgG antibody glycosylation patterns were observed in coinfected macaques early at 8-week post-Mtb infection, including increased agalactosylation (G0) and reduced di-galactosylation (G2), which correlated with endpoint Mtb bacterial burden and gross pathology scores, as well as the time-to-necropsy. Conclusion These studies suggest that humoral immunity may contribute to control of TB disease and support growing literature that highlights antibody Fc glycosylation as a biomarker of TB disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Vaccine ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research CentreUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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Nanda P, Budak M, Michael CT, Krupinsky K, Kirschner DE. Development and Analysis of Multiscale Models for Tuberculosis: From Molecules to Populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566861. [PMID: 38014103 PMCID: PMC10680629 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although infectious disease dynamics are often analyzed at the macro-scale, increasing numbers of drug-resistant infections highlight the importance of within-host modeling that simultaneously solves across multiple scales to effectively respond to epidemics. We review multiscale modeling approaches for complex, interconnected biological systems and discuss critical steps involved in building, analyzing, and applying such models within the discipline of model credibility. We also present our two tools: CaliPro, for calibrating multiscale models (MSMs) to datasets, and tunable resolution, for fine- and coarse-graining sub-models while retaining insights. We include as an example our work simulating infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to demonstrate modeling choices and how predictions are made to generate new insights and test interventions. We discuss some of the current challenges of incorporating novel datasets, rigorously training computational biologists, and increasing the reach of MSMs. We also offer several promising future research directions of incorporating within-host dynamics into applications ranging from combinatorial treatment to epidemic response.
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9
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Quist EM, Chamanza R, Martinot AJ, Boone A, Krane GA, Hensel ME, Lennix SV. Proceedings of the 2023 Division of Translational Toxicology Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:437-464. [PMID: 38445604 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241231287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The 2023 annual Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Summerlin, Nevada, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 41st annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and topics covered during the symposium included induced and spontaneous neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions in the mouse liver, infectious and proliferative lesions in nonhuman primates, interesting presentations of mononuclear cell infiltrates in various animal models and a complex oral tumor in a rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Quist
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronnie Chamanza
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, High Wycombe, UK
| | | | - Allison Boone
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Kulkarni S, Endsley JJ, Lai Z, Bradley T, Sharan R. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Mtb/HIV Co-Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2295. [PMID: 37759517 PMCID: PMC10529032 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection continues to pose a significant healthcare burden. HIV co-infection during TB predisposes the host to the reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), worsening disease conditions and mortality. There is a lack of biomarkers of LTBI reactivation and/or immune-related transcriptional signatures to distinguish active TB from LTBI and predict TB reactivation upon HIV co-infection. Characterizing individual cells using next-generation sequencing-based technologies has facilitated novel biological discoveries about infectious diseases, including TB and HIV pathogenesis. Compared to the more conventional sequencing techniques that provide a bulk assessment, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can reveal complex and new cell types and identify more high-resolution cellular heterogeneity. This review will summarize the progress made in defining the immune atlas of TB and HIV infections using scRNA-seq, including host-pathogen interactions, heterogeneity in HIV pathogenesis, and the animal models employed to model disease. This review will also address the tools needed to bridge the gap between disease outcomes in single infection vs. co-infection. Finally, it will elaborate on the translational benefits of single-cell sequencing in TB/HIV diagnosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kulkarni
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Todd Bradley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Riti Sharan
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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11
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Corleis B, Bastian M, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Dorhoi A. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223260. [PMID: 37638020 PMCID: PMC10451089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Larson EC, Ellis AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Menezes YK, Ameel CL, Fillmore DJ, Pergalske SM, Juno JA, Maiello P, White AG, Borish HJ, Godfrey DI, Kent SJ, Ndhlovu LC, O’Connor SL, Scanga CA. Host Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Similar in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated and SIV-Naïve Juvenile Macaques. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0055822. [PMID: 37039653 PMCID: PMC10187125 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00558-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing HIV infection increases tuberculosis (TB) risk in children. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces, but does not abolish, this risk in children with HIV. The immunologic mechanisms involved in TB progression in both HIV-naive and HIV-infected children have not been explored. Much of our current understanding is based on human studies in adults and adult animal models. In this study, we sought to model childhood HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection in the setting of ART and characterize T cells during TB progression. Macaques equivalent to 4 to 8 year-old children were intravenously infected with SIVmac239M, treated with ART 3 months later, and coinfected with Mtb 3 months after initiating ART. SIV-naive macaques were similarly infected with Mtb alone. TB pathology and total Mtb burden did not differ between SIV-infected, ART-treated and SIV-naive macaques, although lung Mtb burden was lower in SIV-infected, ART-treated macaques. No major differences in frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and unconventional T cell subsets (Vγ9+ γδ T cells, MAIT cells, and NKT cells) in airways were observed between SIV-infected, ART-treated and SIV-naive macaques over the course of Mtb infection, with the exception of CCR5+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells which were slightly lower. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies did not differ in the lung granulomas. Immune checkpoint marker levels were similar, although ki-67 levels in CD8+ T cells were elevated. Thus, ART treatment of juvenile macaques, 3 months after SIV infection, resulted in similar progression of Mtb and T cell responses compared to Mtb in SIV-naive macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C. Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy L. Ellis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark A. Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail K. Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janelle L. Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan V. Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yonne K. Menezes
- Department of Immunobiology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cassaundra L. Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Fillmore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Skyler M. Pergalske
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H. Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Centre Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Peters J, Maselli DJ, Mangat M, Coalson JJ, Hinojosa C, Giavedoni L, Brown-Elliott BA, Chan E, Griffith D. A marmoset model for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0260563. [PMID: 36893126 PMCID: PMC9997968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mycobacterium avium complex, is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory pathogen in humans. Disease mechanisms are poorly understood due to the absence of a reliable animal model for M. avium complex pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess the susceptibility, immunologic and histopathologic responses of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to M. avium complex pulmonary infection. METHODS 7 adult female marmosets underwent endobronchial inoculation with 108 colony-forming units of M. intracellulare and were monitored for 30 or 60 days. Chest radiograph was assessed at baseline (prior to infection) and at the time of sacrifice (30 days for 3 animals and 60 days for 4 animals), and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines, histopathology and cultures of the bronchoalveolar lavage, lungs, liver and kidney were assessed at time of sacrifice. Serum cytokines were monitored at baseline and weekly for 30 days for all animals and at 60 days for those alive. Group differences in serum cytokine measurements between those that tested positive versus negative for the M. intracellulare infection were assessed using a series of linear mixed models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Five of seven animals (two at 30 days and three at 60 days of infection) had positive lung cultures for M. intracellulare. Extra-pulmonary cultures were positive in three animals. All animals appeared healthy throughout the study. All five animals with positive lung cultures had radiographic changes consistent with pneumonitis. At 30 days, those with M. intracellulare lung infection showed granulomatous inflammation, while at 60 days there were fewer inflammatory changes but bronchiectasis was noted. The cytokine response in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was uniformly greater in the animals with positive M. intracellulare cultures than those without a productive infection, with greater levels at 30-days compared to 60-days. Similarly, serum cytokines were more elevated in the animals that had positive M. intracellulare cultures compared to those without a productive infection, peaking 14-21 days after inoculation. CONCLUSION Endobronchial instillation of M. intracellulare resulted in pulmonary mycobacterial infection in marmosets with a differential immune response, radiographic and histopathologic abnormalities, and an indolent course consistent with M. avium complex lung infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Diego Jose Maselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mandeep Mangat
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline J. Coalson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Hinojosa
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Brown-Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Edward Chan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - David Griffith
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States of America
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14
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Meesawat S, Warit S, Hamada Y, Malaivijitnond S. Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex among Wild Rhesus Macaques and 2 Subspecies of Long-Tailed Macaques, Thailand, 2018-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:551-560. [PMID: 36823033 PMCID: PMC9973699 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified tuberculosis in 1,836 macaques from 6 wild rhesus (Macaca mulatta), 23 common long-tailed (M. fascicularis fascicularis), and 6 Burmese long-tailed (M. fascicularis aurea) macaque populations in Thailand. We captured, anesthetized, and collected throat, buccal, and rectal swab specimens from the macaques. We screened swabs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using insertion sequence 6110-specific nested PCR. We found higher MTBC prevalence at both population and individual levels among M. mulatta than M. fascicularis fascicularis macaques; all 3 M. fascicularis aurea macaque populations were positive for tuberculosis. We found that throat swab specimens provided the best sample medium for detecting MTBC. Our results showed no difference in MTBC prevalence between male and female animals, but a higher percentage of adults were infected than subadults and juveniles. Although we detected no association between frequency of human-macaque interaction and MTBC prevalence, bidirectional zoonotic transmission should be considered a possible public health concern.
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15
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Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020236. [PMID: 36839508 PMCID: PMC9961649 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health problem and models using non-human primates (NHP) provide the most relevant approach for vaccine testing. In this study, we analysed CT images collected from cynomolgus and rhesus macaques following exposure to ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aerosols, and monitored them for 16 weeks to evaluate the impact of prior intradermal or inhaled BCG vaccination on the progression of lung disease. All lesions found (2553) were classified according to their size and we subclassified small micronodules (<4.4 mm) as 'isolated', or as 'daughter', when they were in contact with consolidation (described as lesions ≥ 4.5 mm). Our data link the higher capacity to contain Mtb infection in cynomolgus with the reduced incidence of daughter micronodules, thus avoiding the development of consolidated lesions and their consequent enlargement and evolution to cavitation. In the case of rhesus, intradermal vaccination has a higher capacity to reduce the formation of daughter micronodules. This study supports the 'Bubble Model' defined with the C3HBe/FeJ mice and proposes a new method to evaluate outcomes in experimental models of TB in NHP based on CT images, which would fit a future machine learning approach to evaluate new vaccines.
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16
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Pulmonary Granuloma Is Not Always the Tuberculosis Hallmark: Pathology of Tuberculosis Stages in New World and Old World Monkeys Naturally Infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. J Comp Pathol 2022; 199:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Talukdar P, Junecko BF, Lane DS, Maiello P, Mattila JT. Macrophages and neutrophils express IFNλs in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected nonhuman primates. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985405. [PMID: 36189279 PMCID: PMC9516334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are the hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Cytokine-mediated signaling can modulate immune function; thus, understanding the cytokine milieu in granulomas is critical for understanding immunity in tuberculosis (TB). Interferons (IFNs) are important immune mediators in TB, and while type 1 and 2 IFNs have been extensively studied, less is known about type 3 IFNs (IFNλs) in TB. To determine if IFNλs are expressed in granulomas, which cells express them, and how granuloma microenvironments influence IFNλ expression, we investigated IFNλ1 and IFNλ4 expression in macaque lung granulomas. We identified IFNλ expression in granulomas, and IFNλ levels negatively correlated with bacteria load. Macrophages and neutrophils expressed IFNλ1 and IFNλ4, with neutrophils expressing higher levels of each protein. IFNλ expression varied in different granuloma microenvironments, with lymphocyte cuff macrophages expressing more IFNλ1 than epithelioid macrophages. IFNλ1 and IFNλ4 differed in their subcellular localization, with IFNλ4 predominantly localizing inside macrophage nuclei. IFNλR1 was also expressed in granulomas, with intranuclear localization in some cells. Further investigation demonstrated that IFNλ signaling is driven in part by TLR2 ligation and was accompanied by nuclear translocation of IFNλR1. Our data indicate that IFNλs are part of the granuloma cytokine milieu that may influence myeloid cell function and immunity in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Talukdar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beth F. Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Lane
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joshua T. Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua T. Mattila,
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18
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Jaiswal S, Nyquist SK, Boyce S, Jivanjee T, Ibrahim S, Bromley JD, Gatter GJ, Gideon H, Patel K, Ganchua SK, Berger B, Fortune SM, Flynn JL, Shalek AK, Behar SM. Identification and characterization of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca Fascicularis). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:647. [PMID: 36096729 PMCID: PMC9465142 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is an attractive animal model for the study of human disease and is extensively used in biomedical research. Cynomolgus macaques share behavioral, physiological, and genomic traits with humans and recapitulate human disease manifestations not observed in other animal species. To improve the use of the cynomolgus macaque model to investigate immune responses, we defined and characterized the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. RESULT We identified and analyzed the alpha (TRA), beta (TRB), gamma (TRG), and delta (TRD) TCR loci of the cynomolgus macaque. The expressed repertoire was determined using 22 unique lung samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected cynomolgus macaques by single cell RNA sequencing. Expressed TCR alpha (TRAV) and beta (TRBV) variable region genes were enriched and identified using gene specific primers, which allowed their functional status to be determined. Analysis of the primers used for cynomolgus macaque TCR variable region gene enrichment showed they could also be used to amplify rhesus macaque (M. mulatta) variable region genes. CONCLUSION The genomic organization of the cynomolgus macaque has great similarity with the rhesus macaque and they shared > 90% sequence similarity with the human TCR repertoire. The identification of the TCR repertoire facilitates analysis of T cell immunity in cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universityof Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shayla Boyce
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universityof Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Tasneem Jivanjee
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Samira Ibrahim
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Joshua D. Bromley
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - G. James Gatter
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Hannah Gideon
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kush Patel
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Sharie Keanne Ganchua
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universityof Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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19
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Yoon SH, Goo JM, Yim JJ, Yoshiyama T, Flynn JL. CT and 18F-FDG PET abnormalities in contacts with recent tuberculosis infections but negative chest X-ray. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:112. [PMID: 35796839 PMCID: PMC9261169 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Close contacts of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis are at risk for tuberculosis infection and the development of active tuberculosis. In current contact investigations, immunologic tests (the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay) and chest X-ray examinations are used to dichotomize contacts with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections into those with active (X-ray abnormalities) versus latent tuberculosis (normal radiographs). This article is a critical review of computed tomographic (CT) and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) findings of incipient tuberculosis without X-ray abnormalities based on a systematic literature review of twenty-five publications. The CT and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET studies revealed minimal pauci-nodular infiltrations in the lung parenchyma and mediastinal lymph nodes abnormalities with metabolic uptake in approximately one-third of asymptomatic close contacts with negative chest radiographic and bacteriological/molecular results for active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis with minimal changes challenge the validity of simply dichotomizing cases of recent M. tuberculosis infections in contacts depending on the presence of X-ray abnormalities as the recent infections may spontaneously regress, remain stagnant, or progress to active tuberculosis in human and nonhuman primate studies. Whether contacts with tuberculosis with minimal changes are interpreted as having active tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis has clinical implications in terms of specific benefits and harms under the current contact management. Advanced imaging tools may help further stratify contacts intensely exposed to M. tuberculosis on a continuous spectrum from latent tuberculosis to incipient, subclinical and active tuberculosis. Identifying incipient tuberculosis would provide an opportunity for earlier and tailored treatment before active tuberculosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan, Kiyose, Japan
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and the Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Wedlich N, Figl J, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Köhler H, von Pückler K, Rissmann M, Petow S, Barth SA, Reinhold P, Ulrich R, Grode L, Kaufmann SHE, Menge C. Video Endoscopy-Guided Intrabronchial Spray Inoculation of Mycobacterium bovis in Goats and Comparative Assessment of Lung Lesions With Various Imaging Methods. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877322. [PMID: 35591868 PMCID: PMC9113525 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) not only poses a zoonotic threat to humans but also has a significant economic impact on livestock production in many areas of the world. Effective vaccines for humans, livestock, and wildlife are highly desirable to control tuberculosis. Suitable large animal models are indispensable for meaningful assessment of vaccine candidates. Here, we describe the refinement of an animal model for bTB in goats. Intrabronchial inoculation procedure via video-guided endoscopy in anesthetized animals, collection of lungs after intratracheal fixation in situ, and imaging of lungs by computed tomography (CT) were established in three goats using barium sulfate as surrogate inoculum. For subsequent infection experiments, four goats were infected with 4.7 × 102 colony-forming units of M. bovis by intrabronchial inoculation using video-guided endoscopy with spray catheters. Defined amounts of inoculum were deposited at five sites per lung. Four age-matched goats were mock-inoculated. None of the goats developed clinical signs until they were euthanized 5 months post infection, but simultaneous skin testing confirmed bTB infection in all goats inoculated with M. bovis. In tissues collected at necropsy, M. bovis was consistently re-isolated from granulomas in lymph nodes, draining the lungs of all the goats infected with M. bovis. Further dissemination was observed in one goat only. Pulmonary lesions were quantified by CT and digital 2D radiography (DR). CT revealed mineralized lesions in all the infected goats ranging from <5 mm to >10 mm in diameter. Small lesions <5 mm predominated. The DR failed to detect small lesions and to determine the exact location of lesions because of overlapping of pulmonary lobes. Relative volume of pulmonary lesions was low in three but high in one goat that also had extensive cavitation. CT lesions could be correlated to gross pathologic findings and histologic granuloma types in representative pulmonary lobes. In conclusion, video-guided intrabronchial inoculation with spray catheters, mimicking the natural way of infection, resulted in pulmonary infection of goats with M. bovis. CT, but not DR, presented as a highly sensitive method to quantify the extent of pulmonary lesions. This goat model of TB may serve as a model for testing TB vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wedlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Figl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin von Pückler
- Clinic for Small Animals – Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stefanie Petow
- Institute for Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Celle, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Barth
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Director Emeritus, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Emeritus Group for Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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21
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Sanchez CR, Hidalgo-Hermoso E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African Apes, What Is Its True Health Impact? Pathogens 2022; 11:484. [PMID: 35631005 PMCID: PMC9145341 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Symposium on Mycobacterial Infections of Zoo Animals held at the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution in 1976, our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) in non-domestic animals has greatly expanded. Throughout the past decades, this knowledge has resulted in improved zoo-habitats and facilities design, stricter biosecurity measures, and advanced diagnostic methods, including molecular techniques, that have significantly decreased the number of clinical disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in apes under human care settings. In the other hand, exponential growth of human populations has led to human encroachment in wildlife habitat which has resulted in increased inter-species contact and recurrent conflict between humans and wild animals. Although it is widely accepted that non-human primates are susceptible to M. tb infection, opinions differ with regard to the susceptibility to develop disease amongst different taxa. Specifically, some authors suggest that African apes are less susceptible to clinical tuberculosis than other species of primates. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the current scientific literature to determine the actual health impact of disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and more specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African apes. The literature review included literature databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley, Springer and Science direct, without temporal limit and proceedings of annual conferences in the field of wildlife health. Our general inclusion criteria included information about serological, molecular, pathological (macroscopic and/or microscopic), and clinical evidence of TB in African apes; while our, our more stringent inclusion selection criteria required that in addition to a gross pathology, a molecular test confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto as the cause of disease or death. We identified eleven reports of tuberculosis in African apes; of those, only four reports met the more stringent selection criteria that confirmed M. tb sensu stricto in six individuals. All reports that confirmed M. tb sensu stricto originated from zoological collections. Our review suggests that there is little evidence of disease or mortality caused by M. tb in the different species of African apes both under human care and free ranging populations. Additional studies are needed in free-ranging, semi-captive populations (sanctuaries) and animals under human care (zoos and rescue centers) to definitely conclude that this mycobacteria has a limited health effect in African ape species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Sanchez
- Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, 4001 SW Canyon Rd., Portland, OR 97221, USA
| | - Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso
- Conservation and Research Department, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 01730, Chile;
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22
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Hunter L, Hingley-Wilson S, Stewart GR, Sharpe SA, Salguero FJ. Dynamics of Macrophage, T and B Cell Infiltration Within Pulmonary Granulomas Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Two Non-Human Primate Models of Aerosol Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:776913. [PMID: 35069548 PMCID: PMC8770544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.776913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primate models of Tuberculosis (TB) are one of the most commonly used within the experimental TB field because they closely mimic the whole spectrum of disease progression of human TB. However, the early cellular interactions of the pulmonary granuloma are still not well understood. The use of this model allows investigation into the early interactions of cells within pulmonary granulomas which cannot be undertaken in human samples. Pulmonary granulomas from rhesus and cynomolgus macaques from two timepoints post infection were categorised into categories 1 – 6 (early to late stage granulomas) and immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were also quantified. At week four post infection, cynomolgus macaques were found to have more CD68+ cells than rhesus in all but category 1 granulomas. Cynomolgus also had a significantly higher percentage of CD20+ B cells in category 1 granulomas. At week twelve post infection, CD68+ cells were most abundant in category 4 and 5 granulomas in both species; however, there were no significant differences between them. CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells were significantly higher in the majority of granuloma categories in cynomolgus compared to rhesus. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were most abundant in categories 5 and 6 at week 12 post challenge in both species. This study has identified the basic cellular composition and spatial distribution of immune cells within pulmonary granulomas in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques over time. The data from this study will add to the knowledge already gained in this field and may inform future research on vaccines and therapeutics for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hunter
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Suzie Hingley-Wilson
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Stewart
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A Sharpe
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, United Kingdom
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23
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Joslyn LR, Linderman JJ, Kirschner DE. A virtual host model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection identifies early immune events as predictive of infection outcomes. J Theor Biol 2022; 539:111042. [PMID: 35114195 PMCID: PMC9169921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases and remains a significant global health burden. TB disease and pathology can present clinically across a spectrum of outcomes, ranging from total sterilization of infection to active disease. Much remains unknown about the biology that drives an individual towards various clinical outcomes as it is challenging to experimentally address specific mechanisms driving clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is unknown whether numbers of immune cells in the blood accurately reflect ongoing events during infection within human lungs. Herein, we utilize a systems biology approach by developing a whole-host model of the immune response to Mtb across multiple physiologic and time scales. This model, called HostSim, tracks events at the cellular, granuloma, organ, and host scale and represents the first whole-host, multi-scale model of the immune response following Mtb infection. We show that this model can capture various aspects of human and non-human primate TB disease and predict that biomarkers in the blood may only faithfully represent events in the lung at early time points after infection. We posit that HostSim, as a first step toward personalized digital twins in TB research, offers a powerful computational tool that can be used in concert with experimental approaches to understand and predict events about various aspects of TB disease and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R Joslyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, 5641 Medical Science II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, G045W NCRC B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, G045W NCRC B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136.
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, 5641 Medical Science II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620.
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24
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Yee JL, Prongay K, Van Rompay KKA, Meesawat S, Kemthong T, Halley B, Carpenter A, Nham P, Rogers K, Hasselschwert D, Villinger F, Jay AN, Warit S, Malivijitnond S, Roberts JA. Tuberculosis detection in nonhuman primates is enhanced by use of testing algorithms that include an interferon-γ release assay. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:15-22. [PMID: 34757923 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a testing algorithm that incorporates multiple assays to evaluate host cellular and humoral immunity and antigen detection concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in captive nonhuman primates. ANIMALS Cohorts of captive-bred and wild-caught macaques from 5 different geographic regions. PROCEDURES Macaques were tested for MTBC infection by use of a γ interferon tuberculosis (GIFT) assay, an interferon-γ release assay, and other assays. In the first 2 cohorts (n = 15 and 181), initial validation of the GIFT assay was performed by use of experimentally infected and unexposed control macaques. In the next 3 cohorts (n = 59, 42, and 11), results were obtained for opportunistically collected samples from macaques exposed during spontaneous outbreaks. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of the GIFT assay in the control cohorts were 100% and 97%, respectively, and were variable but enhanced by incorporating results from multiple assays in spontaneous outbreaks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The detection and management of MTBC infection in captive nonhuman primate populations is an ongoing challenge, especially with animal imports and transfers. Despite standardized practices of initial quarantine with regular intradermal tuberculin skin testing, spontaneous outbreaks continue to be reported. Since infection encompasses a range of disease manifestations over time, a testing algorithm that incorporates multiple assays, such as the GIFT assay, to evaluate host cellular and humoral immunity in addition to agent detection is needed. Testing a combination of samples from controlled studies and spontaneous outbreaks of MTBC infection in nonhuman primates would advance the development and validation of a functional algorithm that incorporates promising tools such as the GIFT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn L Yee
- 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kamm Prongay
- 2Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Suthirote Meesawat
- 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taratorn Kemthong
- 5National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Bryson Halley
- 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Amanda Carpenter
- 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Peter Nham
- 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kenneth Rogers
- 6New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA
| | - Dana Hasselschwert
- 6New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA
| | - Francois Villinger
- 6New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA
| | - Alexandra N Jay
- 7Veterinary Medicine Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Saradee Warit
- 8Industrial Tuberculosis Team, IMBG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malivijitnond
- 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,5National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey A Roberts
- 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,9Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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25
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Horváti K, Fodor K, Pályi B, Henczkó J, Balka G, Gyulai G, Kiss É, Biri-Kovács B, Senoner Z, Bősze S. Novel Assay Platform to Evaluate Intracellular Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Validation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750496. [PMID: 34867981 PMCID: PMC8632718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB) is the ability of the causative agent to transform into a stage of dormancy and the capability of long persistence in the host phagocytes. It is believed that approximately one-third of the population of the world is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and 5%-10% of these individuals can develop clinical manifestations of active TB even decades after the initial infection. In this latent, intracellular form, the bacillus is shielded by an extremely robust cell wall and becomes phenotypically resistant to most antituberculars. Therefore, there is a clear rationale to develop novel compounds or carrier-conjugated constructs of existing drugs that are effective against the intracellular form of the bacilli. In this paper, we describe an experimental road map to define optimal candidates against intracellular Mtb and potential compounds effective in the therapy of latent TB. To validate our approach, isoniazid, a first-line antitubercular drug was employed, which is active against extracellular Mtb in the submicromolar range, but ineffective against the intracellular form of the bacteria. Cationic peptide conjugates of isoniazid were synthesized and employed to study the host-directed drug delivery. To measure the intracellular killing activity of the compounds, Mtb-infected MonoMac-6 human monocytic cells were utilized. We have assessed the antitubercular activity, cytotoxicity, membrane interactions in combination with internalization efficacy, localization, and penetration ability on interface and tissue-mimicking 3D models. Based on these in vitro data, most active compounds were further evaluated in vivo in a murine model of TB. Intraperitoneal infectious route was employed to induce a course of slowly progressive and systemic disease. The well-being of the animals, monitored by the body weight, allows a prolonged experimental setup and provides a great opportunity to test the long-term activity of the drug candidates. Having shown the great potency of this simple and suitable experimental design for antimicrobial research, the proposed novel assay platform could be used in the future to develop further innovative and highly effective antituberculars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Horváti
- Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat-Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem (ELKH-ELTE) Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fodor
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science and Animal Protection, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Henczkó
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gyulai
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kiss
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Szilvia Bősze
- Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat-Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem (ELKH-ELTE) Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Arbués A, Schmidiger S, Kammüller M, Portevin D. Extracellular Matrix-Induced GM-CSF and Hypoxia Promote Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human In Vitro Granulomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727508. [PMID: 34603299 PMCID: PMC8486295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several in vitro cellular models have been developed with the aim to reproduce and dissect human granulomatous responses, the hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) immunopathogenesis. In that context, we compared two- (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) granuloma models resulting from infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) in the absence or presence of a collagen-based extracellular matrix (ECM). Granuloma formation was found to be significantly enhanced in the 2D model. This feature was associated with an earlier chemokine production and lymphocyte activation, but also a significantly increased bacterial burden. Remarkably, the reduction in Mtb burden in the 3D model correlated with an increase in GM-CSF production. GM-CSF, which is known to promote macrophage survival, was found to be inherently induced by the ECM. We observed that only 3D in vitro granulomas led to the accumulation of lipid inclusions within Mtb. Our data suggest that a hypoxic environment within the ECM could be responsible for this dormant-like Mtb phenotype. Furthermore, exposure to a TNF-α antagonist reverted Mtb dormancy, thereby mimicking the reactivation of TB observed in rheumatic patients receiving this therapy. To conclude, we showed that only in vitro granulomas generated in the presence of an ECM could recapitulate some clinically relevant features of granulomatous responses in TB. As such, this model constitutes a highly valuable tool to study the interplay between immunity and Mtb stress responses as well as to evaluate novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arbués
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schmidiger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Translational Medicine-Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Portevin
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Boom WH, Schaible UE, Achkar JM. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136222. [PMID: 33529162 DOI: 10.1172/jci136222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for thousands of years. While tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, is caused by uncontrolled Mtb infection, over 90% of presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mtb in a latent TB infection (LTBI) without ever developing disease, and some may clear the infection. A small number of heavily Mtb-exposed individuals appear to resist developing traditional LTBI. Because Mtb has mechanisms for intracellular survival and immune evasion, successful control involves all of the arms of the immune system. Here, we focus on immune responses to Mtb in humans and nonhuman primates and discuss new concepts and outline major knowledge gaps in our understanding of LTBI, ranging from the earliest events of exposure and infection to success or failure of Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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28
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Sharan R, Singh DK, Rengarajan J, Kaushal D. Characterizing Early T Cell Responses in Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706723. [PMID: 34484203 PMCID: PMC8416058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading infectious disease killer worldwide with 1.4 million TB deaths in 2019. While the majority of infected population maintain an active control of the bacteria, a subset develops active disease leading to mortality. Effective T cell responses are critical to TB immunity with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells being key players of defense. These early cellular responses to TB infection have not yet been studied in-depth in either humans or preclinical animal models. Characterizing early T cell responses in a physiologically relevant preclinical model can provide valuable understanding of the factors that control disease development. We studied Mtb-specific T cell responses in the lung compartment of rhesus macaques infected with either a low- or a high-dose of Mtb CDC1551 via aerosol. Relative to baseline, significantly higher Mtb-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ T cell responses were observed in the BAL of low dose infected macaques as early as week 1 post TB infection. The IFN-γ and TNF-a response was delayed to week 3 post infection in Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells in the high dose group. The manifestation of earlier T cell responses in the group exposed to the lower Mtb dose suggested a critical role of these cytokines in the antimycobacterial immune cascade, and specifically in the granuloma formation to contain the bacteria. However, a similar increase was not reflected in the CD4+ and CD8+IL-17+ T cells at week 1 post infection in the low dose group. This could be attributed to either a suppression of the IL-17 response or a lack of induction at this early stage of infection. On the contrary, there was a significantly higher IL-17+ response in Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells at week 3 in the high dose group. The results clearly demonstrate an early differentiation in the immunity following low dose and high dose infection, largely represented by differences in the IFN-γ and TNF-α response by Mtb-specific T cells in the BAL. This early response to antigen expression by the bacteria could be critical for both bacterial growth control and bacterial containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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29
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Lemaitre J, Naninck T, Delache B, Creppy J, Huber P, Holzapfel M, Bouillier C, Contreras V, Martinon F, Kahlaoui N, Pascal Q, Tricot S, Ducancel F, Vecellio L, Le Grand R, Maisonnasse P. Non-human primate models of human respiratory infections. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:147-164. [PMID: 33895579 PMCID: PMC8062575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory pathogens represent a great burden for humanity and a potential source of new pandemics, as illustrated by the recent emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent decades, biotechnological advances have led to the development of numerous innovative therapeutic molecules and vaccine immunogens. However, we still lack effective treatments and vaccines against many respiratory pathogens. More than ever, there is a need for a fast, predictive, preclinical pipeline, to keep pace with emerging diseases. Animal models are key for the preclinical development of disease management strategies. The predictive value of these models depends on their ability to reproduce the features of the human disease, the mode of transmission of the infectious agent and the availability of technologies for monitoring infection. This review focuses on the use of non-human primates as relevant preclinical models for the development of prevention and treatment for human respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoît Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Justina Creppy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marion Holzapfel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Camille Bouillier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sabine Tricot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Ducancel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France; Plateforme Scientifique et Technique Animaleries (PST-A), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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30
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Larson EC, Ellis-Connell A, Rodgers MA, Balgeman AJ, Moriarty RV, Ameel CL, Baranowski TM, Tomko JA, Causgrove CM, Maiello P, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA. Pre-existing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Increases Expression of T Cell Markers Associated with Activation during Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection and Impairs TNF Responses in Granulomas. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:175-188. [PMID: 34145063 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death among people living with HIV. People living with HIV are more susceptible to contracting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and often have worsened TB disease. Understanding the immunologic defects caused by HIV and the consequences it has on M. tuberculosis coinfection is critical in combating this global health epidemic. We previously showed in a model of SIV and M. tuberculosis coinfection in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) that SIV/M. tuberculosis-coinfected MCM had rapidly progressive TB. We hypothesized that pre-existing SIV infection impairs early T cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection. We infected MCM with SIVmac239, followed by coinfection with M. tuberculosis Erdman 6 mo later. Although similar, TB progression was observed in both SIV+ and SIV-naive animals at 6 wk post-M. tuberculosis infection; longitudinal sampling of the blood (PBMC) and airways (bronchoalveolar lavage) revealed a significant reduction in circulating CD4+ T cells and an influx of CD8+ T cells in airways of SIV+ animals. At sites of M. tuberculosis infection (i.e., granulomas), SIV/M. tuberculosis-coinfected animals had a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 and TIGIT. In addition, there were fewer TNF-producing CD4+ T cells in granulomas of SIV/M. tuberculosis-coinfected animals. Taken together, we show that concurrent SIV infection alters T cell phenotypes in granulomas during the early stages of TB disease. As it is critical to establish control of M. tuberculosis replication soon postinfection, these phenotypic changes may distinguish the immune dysfunction that arises from pre-existing SIV infection, which promotes TB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA;
| | - Amy Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tonilynn M Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chelsea M Causgrove
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI; and
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; .,Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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31
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High-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol challenge cannot overcome BCG-induced protection in Chinese origin cynomolgus macaques; implications of natural resistance for vaccine evaluation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12274. [PMID: 34112845 PMCID: PMC8192909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the use of cynomolgus macaques of Chinese origin (CCM) to evaluate the efficacy and immunogenicity of the BCG vaccine against high dose aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Progressive disease developed in three of the unvaccinated animals within 10 weeks of challenge, whereas all six vaccinated animals controlled disease for 26 weeks. Three unvaccinated animals limited disease progression, highlighting the intrinsic ability of this macaque species to control disease in comparison to macaques of other species and genotypes. Low levels of IFNγ were induced by BCG vaccination in CCM suggesting that IFNγ alone does not provide a sufficiently sensitive biomarker of vaccination in this model. An early response after challenge, together with the natural bias towards terminal effector memory T-cell populations and the contribution of monocytes appears to enhance the ability of CCM to naturally control infection. The high dose aerosol challenge model of CCM has value for examination of the host immune system to characterise control of infection which would influence future vaccine design. Although it may not be the preferred platform for the assessment of prophylactic vaccine candidates, the model could be well suited for testing post-exposure vaccination strategies and drug evaluation studies.
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32
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Moriarty RV, Ellis AL, O’Connor SL. Monkeying around with MAIT Cells: Studying the Role of MAIT Cells in SIV and Mtb Co-Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:863. [PMID: 34066765 PMCID: PMC8151491 DOI: 10.3390/v13050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There were an estimated 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) disease in 2019. While over 90% of individuals successfully control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes TB disease, HIV co-infection often leads to active TB disease. Despite the co-endemic nature of HIV and TB, knowledge of the immune mechanisms contributing to the loss of control of Mtb replication during HIV infection is lacking. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that target and destroy bacterially-infected cells and may contribute to the control of Mtb infection. Studies examining MAIT cells in human Mtb infection are commonly performed using peripheral blood samples. However, because Mtb infection occurs primarily in lung tissue and lung-associated lymph nodes, these studies may not be fully translatable to the tissues. Additionally, studies longitudinally examining MAIT cell dynamics during HIV/Mtb co-infection are rare, and lung and lymph node tissue samples from HIV+ patients are typically unavailable. Nonhuman primates (NHP) provide a model system to characterize MAIT cell activity during Mtb infection, both in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected and SIV-naïve animals. Using NHPs allows for a more comprehensive understanding of tissue-based MAIT cell dynamics during infection with both pathogens. NHP SIV and Mtb infection is similar to human HIV and Mtb infection, and MAIT cells are phenotypically similar in humans and NHPs. Here, we discuss current knowledge surrounding MAIT cells in SIV and Mtb infection, how SIV infection impairs MAIT cell function during Mtb co-infection, and knowledge gaps to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; (R.V.M.); (A.L.E.)
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33
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Yang HJ, Wang D, Wen X, Weiner DM, Via LE. One Size Fits All? Not in In Vivo Modeling of Tuberculosis Chemotherapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:613149. [PMID: 33796474 PMCID: PMC8008060 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.613149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem despite almost universal efforts to provide patients with highly effective chemotherapy, in part, because many infected individuals are not diagnosed and treated, others do not complete treatment, and a small proportion harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains that have become resistant to drugs in the standard regimen. Development and approval of new drugs for TB have accelerated in the last 10 years, but more drugs are needed due to both Mtb's development of resistance and the desire to shorten therapy to 4 months or less. The drug development process needs predictive animal models that recapitulate the complex pathology and bacterial burden distribution of human disease. The human host response to pulmonary infection with Mtb is granulomatous inflammation usually resulting in contained lesions and limited bacterial replication. In those who develop progressive or active disease, regions of necrosis and cavitation can develop leading to lasting lung damage and possible death. This review describes the major vertebrate animal models used in evaluating compound activity against Mtb and the disease presentation that develops. Each of the models, including the zebrafish, various mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates provides data on number of Mtb bacteria and pathology resolution. The models where individual lesions can be dissected from the tissue or sampled can also provide data on lesion-specific bacterial loads and lesion-specific drug concentrations. With the inclusion of medical imaging, a compound's effect on resolution of pathology within individual lesions and animals can also be determined over time. Incorporation of measurement of drug exposure and drug distribution within animals and their tissues is important for choosing the best compounds to push toward the clinic and to the development of better regimens. We review the practical aspects of each model and the advantages and limitations of each in order to promote choosing a rational combination of them for a compound's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Yang
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Decheng Wang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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34
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Um PK, Bishai WR. Immunologic goalposts for TB vaccine development. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:158-159. [PMID: 33571443 PMCID: PMC7874915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A limiting factor in identifying effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is our incomplete understanding of correlates of protection. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Esaulova et al. reveal cell types associated with TB containment and disease progression in non-human primates, which may provide immunologic goalposts for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Um
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Rm 108, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Rm 108, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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35
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Kauffman KD, Sakai S, Lora NE, Namasivayam S, Baker PJ, Kamenyeva O, Foreman TW, Nelson CE, Oliveira-de-Souza D, Vinhaes CL, Yaniv Z, Lindestam Arleham CS, Sette A, Freeman GJ, Moore R, Sher A, Mayer-Barber KD, Andrade BB, Kabat J, Via LE, Barber DL. PD-1 blockade exacerbates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in rhesus macaques. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/55/eabf3861. [PMID: 33452107 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Boosting immune cell function by targeting the coinhibitory receptor PD-1 may have applications in the treatment of chronic infections. Here, we examine the role of PD-1 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection of rhesus macaques. Animals treated with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody developed worse disease and higher granuloma bacterial loads compared with isotype control-treated monkeys. PD-1 blockade increased the number and functionality of granuloma Mtb-specific CD8 T cells. In contrast, Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in anti-PD-1-treated macaques were not increased in number or function in granulomas, expressed increased levels of CTLA-4, and exhibited reduced intralesional trafficking in live imaging studies. In granulomas of anti-PD-1-treated animals, multiple proinflammatory cytokines were elevated, and more cytokines correlated with bacterial loads, leading to the identification of a role for caspase 1 in the exacerbation of tuberculosis after PD-1 blockade. Last, increased Mtb bacterial loads after PD-1 blockade were found to associate with the composition of the intestinal microbiota before infection in individual macaques. Therefore, PD-1-mediated coinhibition is required for control of Mtb infection in macaques, perhaps because of its role in dampening detrimental inflammation and allowing for normal CD4 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nickiana E Lora
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor W Foreman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine E Nelson
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Intituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Intituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ziv Yaniv
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rashida Moore
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Intituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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36
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MTBVAC vaccination protects rhesus macaques against aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis and induces immune signatures analogous to those observed in clinical studies. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:4. [PMID: 33397991 PMCID: PMC7782851 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A single intradermal vaccination with MTBVAC given to adult rhesus macaques was well tolerated and conferred a significant improvement in outcome following aerosol exposure to M. tuberculosis compared to that provided by a single BCG vaccination. Vaccination with MTBVAC resulted in a significant reduction in M. tuberculosis infection-induced disease pathology measured using in vivo medical imaging, in gross pathology lesion counts and pathology scores recorded at necropsy, the frequency and severity of pulmonary granulomas and the frequency of recovery of viable M. tuberculosis from extrapulmonary tissues following challenge. The immune profiles induced following immunisation with MTBVAC reflect those identified in human clinical trials of MTBVAC. Evaluation of MTBVAC- and TB peptide-pool-specific T-cell cytokine production revealed a predominantly Th1 response from poly- (IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL2+) and multi-(IFN-γ+TNF-α+) functional CD4 T cells, while only low levels of Th22, Th17 and cytokine-producing CD8 T-cell populations were detected together with low-level, but significant, increases in CFP10-specific IFN-γ secreting cells. In this report, we describe concordance between immune profiles measured in clinical trials and a macaque pre-clinical study demonstrating significantly improved outcome after M. tuberculosis challenge as evidence to support the continued development of MTBVAC as an effective prophylactic vaccine for TB vaccination campaigns.
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37
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Sakai S, Lora NE, Kauffman KD, Dorosky DE, Oh S, Namasivayam S, Gomez F, Fleegle JD, Arlehamn CSL, Sette A, Sher A, Freeman GJ, Via LE, Barry III CE, Barber DL. Functional inactivation of pulmonary MAIT cells following 5-OP-RU treatment of non-human primates. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1055-1066. [PMID: 34158594 PMCID: PMC8217205 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting MAIT cells holds promise for the treatment of different diseases and infections. We previously showed that treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected mice with 5-OP-RU, a major antigen for MAIT cells, expands MAIT cells and enhances bacterial control. Here we treated M. tuberculosis infected rhesus macaques with 5-OP-RU intratracheally but found no clinical or microbiological benefit. In fact, after 5-OP-RU treatment MAIT cells did not expand, but rather upregulated PD-1 and lost the ability to produce multiple cytokines, a phenotype resembling T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, we show that vaccination of uninfected macaques with 5-OP-RU+CpG instillation into the lungs also drives MAIT cell dysfunction, and PD-1 blockade during vaccination partly prevents the loss of MAIT cell function without facilitating their expansion. Thus, in rhesus macaques MAIT cells are prone to the loss of effector functions rather than expansion after TCR stimulation in vivo, representing a significant barrier to therapeutically targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sakai
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nickiana E. Lora
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Danielle E. Dorosky
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sangmi Oh
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Felipe Gomez
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Joel D. Fleegle
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alan Sher
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton E. Barry III
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
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38
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Detection of tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) using a supplementary Monkey Interferon Gamma Releasing Assay (mIGRA). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16759. [PMID: 33028865 PMCID: PMC7541520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; MF) are commonly used as nonhuman primate models for pharmaceutical product testing. In their habitat range, monkeys have close contact with humans, allowing the possibility of bidirectional transmission of tuberculosis (TB) between the two species. Although the intradermal tuberculin skin test (TST) is used for TB detection in MF, it has limitations. Herein, we established the mIGRA, combining human QuantiFERON-TB Gold-Plus and monkey IFN-γ ELISApro systems, and used it to investigate 39 captive MF who were cage-mates or lived in cages located near a monkey who died from the naturally TB infection. During a 12-month period of study, 14 (36%), 10 (26%), and 8 (21%) monkeys showed TB-positive results using the mIGRA, the TST, and TB culture, respectively. Among the 14 mIGRA-positive monkeys, 8 (57.1%) were TST-positive and 7 (50%) were culture-positive, indicating early TB detection in the latent and active TB stages with the mIGRA. Interestingly, 3 (37.5%) of the TST-negative monkeys were culture-positive. Our study showed that the mIGRA offers many advantages, including high sensitivity and high throughput, and it requires only one on-site visit to the animals. The assay may be used as a supplementary tool for TB screening in MF.
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39
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Hunter RL. The Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis-The Koch Phenomenon Reinstated. Pathogens 2020; 9:E813. [PMID: 33020397 PMCID: PMC7601602 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) has been hamstrung for half a century by the paradigm that granulomas are the hallmark of active disease. Human TB, in fact, produces two types of granulomas, neither of which is involved in the development of adult type or post-primary TB. This disease begins as the early lesion; a prolonged subclinical stockpiling of secreted mycobacterial antigens in foamy alveolar macrophages and nearby highly sensitized T cells in preparation for a massive necrotizing hypersensitivity reaction, the Koch Phenomenon, that produces caseous pneumonia that is either coughed out to form cavities or retained to become the focus of post-primary granulomas and fibrocaseous disease. Post-primary TB progresses if the antigens are continuously released and regresses when they are depleted. This revised paradigm is supported by nearly 200 years of research and suggests new approaches and animal models to investigate long standing mysteries of human TB and vaccines that inhibit the early lesion to finally end its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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Berry SB, Haack AJ, Theberge AB, Brighenti S, Svensson M. Host and Pathogen Communication in the Respiratory Tract: Mechanisms and Models of a Complex Signaling Microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:537. [PMID: 33015094 PMCID: PMC7511576 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe, encompassing a diverse range of conditions from infections with pathogenic microorganisms to underlying genetic disorders. The respiratory tract represents an active interface with the external environment having the primary immune function of resisting pathogen intrusion and maintaining homeostasis in response to the myriad of stimuli encountered within its microenvironment. To perform these vital functions and prevent lung disorders, a chemical and biological cross-talk occurs in the complex milieu of the lung that mediates and regulates the numerous cellular processes contributing to lung health. In this review, we will focus on the role of cross-talk in chronic lung infections, and discuss how different cell types and signaling pathways contribute to the chronicity of infection(s) and prevent effective immune clearance of pathogens. In the lung microenvironment, pathogens have developed the capacity to evade mucosal immunity using different mechanisms or virulence factors, leading to colonization and infection of the host; such mechanisms include the release of soluble and volatile factors, as well as contact dependent (juxtracrine) interactions. We explore the diverse modes of communication between the host and pathogen in the lung tissue milieu in the context of chronic lung infections. Lastly, we review current methods and approaches used to model and study these host-pathogen interactions in vitro, and the role of these technological platforms in advancing our knowledge about chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Berry
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Susanna Brighenti
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Ram DR, Arias CF, Kroll K, Hueber B, Manickam C, Jones RA, Smith ST, Shah SV, Varner VH, Reeves RK. Characterization of Rhesus Macaque Liver-Resident CD49a + NK Cells During Retrovirus Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1676. [PMID: 32849583 PMCID: PMC7411078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD49a+ tissue resident NK cells have been implicated in memory-like NK cell responses, but while this population is well-characterized in mice and in humans, they are poorly described in non-human primates (NHP) which are particularly critical for modeling human viral infections. Others and we have shown that memory-like NK cells are enriched in the liver and because of the importance of NHP in modeling HIV infection, understanding the immunobiology of CD49a+ NK cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques is critical to explore the role of this cell type in retroviral infections. In this study mononuclear cells isolated from livers, spleens, and peripheral whole blood were analyzed in acutely and chronically lentivirus-infected and experimentally-naïve Indian rhesus macaques (RM). NK cells were then identified as CD45+CD14−CD20−CD3−NKG2A/C+ cells and characterized using multiparametric flow-cytometry. Our data show that in RM, CD49a+ NK cells increase in the liver following retroviral infections [median = 5.2% (naïve) vs. median = 9.48% (SIV+) or median = 16.8% (SHIV+)]. In contrast, there is little change in CD49a+ NK frequencies in whole blood or spleens of matched animals. In agreement with human and murine data we also observed that CD49a+ NK cells were predominantly Eomeslow T-betlow, though these frequencies are elevated in infected animal cohorts. Functionally, our data suggests that infection alters TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD107a expression in stimulated CD49a+ NK cells. Specifically, our analyses found a decrease in CD49a+ CD107a+ TNFα+ IFNγ− NK cells, with a simultaneous increase in CD49a+ CD107a+ TNFα− IFNγ+ NK cells and the non-responsive CD49a+ CD107a− TNFα− IFNγ− NK cell population following infection, suggesting both pathogenic and inflammatory changes in the NK cell functional profile. Our data also identified significant global differences in polyfunctionality between CD49a+ NK cells in the naïve and chronic (SHIV+) cohorts. Our work provides the first characterization of CD49a+ NK cells in tissues from RM. The significant similarities between CD49a+ NK cells from RM and what is reported from human samples justifies the importance of studying CD49a+ NK cells in this species to support preclinical animal model research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brady Hueber
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhianna A Jones
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott T Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valerie H Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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42
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Berry SB, Gower MS, Su X, Seshadri C, Theberge AB. A Modular Microscale Granuloma Model for Immune-Microenvironment Signaling Studies in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:931. [PMID: 32974300 PMCID: PMC7461927 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most potent infectious diseases in the world, causing more deaths than any other single infectious agent. TB infection is caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and subsequent phagocytosis and migration into the lung tissue by innate immune cells (e.g., alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), resulting in the formation of a fused mass of immune cells known as the granuloma. Considered the pathological hallmark of TB, the granuloma is a complex microenvironment that is crucial for pathogen containment as well as pathogen survival. Disruption of the delicate granuloma microenvironment via numerous stimuli, such as variations in cytokine secretions, nutrient availability, and the makeup of immune cell population, can lead to an active infection. Herein, we present a novel in vitro model to examine the soluble factor signaling between a mycobacterial infection and its surrounding environment. Adapting a newly developed suspended microfluidic platform, known as Stacks, we established a modular microscale infection model containing human immune cells and a model mycobacterial strain that can easily integrate with different microenvironmental cues through simple spatial and temporal "stacking" of each module of the platform. We validate the establishment of suspended microscale (4 μL) infection cultures that secrete increased levels of proinflammatory factors IL-6, VEGF, and TNFα upon infection and form 3D aggregates (granuloma model) encapsulating the mycobacteria. As a proof of concept to demonstrate the capability of our platform to examine soluble factor signaling, we cocultured an in vitro angiogenesis model with the granuloma model and quantified morphology changes in endothelial structures as a result of culture conditions (P < 0.05 when comparing infected vs. uninfected coculture systems). We envision our modular in vitro granuloma model can be further expanded and adapted for studies focusing on the complex interplay between granulomatous structures and their surrounding microenvironment, as well as a complementary tool to augment in vivo signaling and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maia S. Gower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiaojing Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ashleigh B. Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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43
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Abstract
Lymph nodes, particularly thoracic lymph nodes, are among the most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in these organs is understudied. Aside from being sites of initiation of the adaptive immune system, lymph nodes also serve as niches of Mtb growth and persistence. Mtb infection results in granuloma formation that disrupts and—if it becomes large enough—replaces the normal architecture of the lymph node that is vital to its function. In preclinical models, successful TB vaccines appear to prevent spread of Mtb from the lungs to the lymph nodes. Reactivation of latent TB can start in the lymph nodes resulting in dissemination of the bacteria to the lungs and other organs. Involvement of the lymph nodes may improve Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine efficacy. Lastly, drug penetration to the lymph nodes is poor compared to blood, lung tissue, and lung granulomas. Future studies on evaluating the efficacy of vaccines and anti-TB drug treatments should include consideration of the effects on thoracic lymph nodes and not just the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edwin C. Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Kim S, Scanga CA, Miranda Silva CD, Zimmerman M, Causgrove C, Stein B, Dartois V, Peloquin CA, Graham E, Louie A, Flynn JL, Schmidt S, Drusano GL. Pharmacokinetics of tedizolid, sutezolid, and sutezolid-M1 in non-human primates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Dunlap MD, Prince OA, Rangel-Moreno J, Thomas KA, Scordo JM, Torrelles JB, Cox J, Steyn AJC, Zúñiga J, Kaushal D, Khader SA. Formation of Lung Inducible Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue Is Regulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Expressed Determinants. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1325. [PMID: 32695111 PMCID: PMC7338767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB), which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately one fourth of the world's population is infected with Mtb. A major unresolved question is delineating the inducers of protective long-lasting immune response without inducing overt, lung inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the presence of inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT) correlate with protection from Mtb infection. In this study, we hypothesized that specific Mtb factors could influence the formation of iBALT, thus skewing the outcome of TB disease. We infected non-human primates (NHPs) with a transposon mutant library of Mtb, and identified specific Mtb mutants that were over-represented within iBALT-containing granulomas. A major pathway reflected in these mutants was Mtb cell wall lipid transport and metabolism. We mechanistically addressed the function of one such Mtb mutant lacking mycobacteria membrane protein large 7 (MmpL7), which transports phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) to the mycobacterial outer membrane (MOM). Accordingly, murine aerosol infection with the Mtb mutant Δmmpl7 correlated with increased iBALT-containing granulomas. Our studies showed that the Δmmpl7 mutant lacking PDIMs on the surface overexpressed diacyl trehaloses (DATs) in the cell wall, which altered the cytokine/chemokine production of epithelial and myeloid cells, thus leading to a dampened inflammatory response. Thus, this study describes an Mtb specific factor that participates in the induction of iBALT formation during TB by directly modulating cytokine and chemokine production in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah D Dunlap
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Oliver A Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A Thomas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julia M Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Jeffery Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.,African Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Division of Bacteriology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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46
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Urbanowski ME, Ordonez AA, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Jain SK, Bishai WR. Cavitary tuberculosis: the gateway of disease transmission. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:e117-e128. [PMID: 32482293 PMCID: PMC7357333 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to be a major threat to global health. Cavitation is a dangerous consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with poor outcomes, treatment relapse, higher transmission rates, and development of drug resistance. However, in the antibiotic era, cavities are often identified as the most extreme outcome of treatment failure and are one of the least-studied aspects of tuberculosis. We review the epidemiology, clinical features, and concurrent standards of care for individuals with cavitary tuberculosis. We also discuss developments in the understanding of tuberculosis cavities as dynamic physical and biochemical structures that interface the host response with a unique mycobacterial niche to drive tuberculosis-associated morbidity and transmission. Advances in preclinical models and non-invasive imaging can provide valuable insights into the drivers of cavitation. These insights will guide the development of specific pharmacological interventions to prevent cavitation and improve lung function for individuals with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Urbanowski
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alvaro A. Ordonez
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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47
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Dijkman K, Lubbers R, Borggreven NV, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA, Trouw LA, Verreck FAW. Systemic and pulmonary C1q as biomarker of progressive disease in experimental non-human primate tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6290. [PMID: 32286384 PMCID: PMC7156429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.6 million deaths annually. Early differential diagnosis of active TB infection is essential in optimizing treatment and reducing TB mortality, but is hampered by a lack of accurate and accessible diagnostics. Previously, we reported on complement component C1q, measured in serum by ELISA, as a candidate biomarker for active tuberculosis. In this work we further examine the dynamics of C1q as a marker of progressive TB disease in non-human primates (NHP). We assessed systemic and pulmonary C1q levels after experimental infection using high or low single dose as well as repeated limiting dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge of macaques. We show that increasing C1q levels, either peripherally or locally, correlate with progressive TB disease, assessed by PET-CT imaging or post-mortem evaluation. Upregulation of C1q did not precede detection of Mtb infection by a conventional interferon-gamma release assay, confirming its association with disease progression. Finally, pulmonary vaccination with Bacillus Calmette Guérin also increased local production of C1q, which might contribute to the generation of pulmonary protective immunity. Our data demonstrate that NHP modelling of TB can be utilized to study the role of C1q as a liquid biomarker in TB protection and disease, complementing findings in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dijkman
- Section of TB Research & Immunology, department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
| | - Rosalie Lubbers
- The department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole V Borggreven
- The department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- The department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- The department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- The department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A W Verreck
- Section of TB Research & Immunology, department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
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48
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Goenka A, Prise IE, Connolly E, Fernandez-Soto P, Morgan D, Cavet JS, Grainger JR, Nichani J, Arkwright PD, Hussell T. Infant Alveolar Macrophages Are Unable to Effectively Contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:486. [PMID: 32265931 PMCID: PMC7107672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants are more likely to develop lethal disseminated forms of tuberculosis compared with older children and adults. The reasons for this are currently unknown. In this study we test the hypothesis that antimycobacterial function is impaired in infant alveolar macrophages (AMϕs) compared with those of adults. We develop a method of obtaining AMϕs from healthy infants using rigid bronchoscopy and incubate the AMϕs with live virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Infant AMϕs are less able to restrict Mtb replication compared with adult AMϕs, despite having similar phagocytic capacity and immunophenotype. RNA-Seq showed that infant AMϕs exhibit lower expression of genes involved in mycobactericidal activity and IFNγ-induction pathways. Infant AMϕs also exhibit lower expression of genes encoding mononuclear cell chemokines such as CXCL9. Our data indicates that failure of AMϕs to contain Mtb and recruit additional mononuclear cells to the site of infection helps to explain the more fulminant course of tuberculosis in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Goenka
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian E. Prise
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Connolly
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Fernandez-Soto
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Morgan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Cavet
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Grainger
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaya Nichani
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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49
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Schrager LK, Vekemens J, Drager N, Lewinsohn DM, Olesen OF. The status of tuberculosis vaccine development. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:e28-e37. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Waters R, Ndengane M, Abrahams MR, Diedrich CR, Wilkinson RJ, Coussens AK. The Mtb-HIV syndemic interaction: why treating M. tuberculosis infection may be crucial for HIV-1 eradication. Future Virol 2020; 15:101-125. [PMID: 32273900 PMCID: PMC7132588 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated tuberculosis and AIDS progression seen in HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-coinfected individuals indicates the important interaction between these syndemic pathogens. The immunological interaction between HIV-1 and Mtb has been largely defined by how the virus exacerbates tuberculosis disease pathogenesis. Understanding of the mechanisms by which pre-existing or subsequent Mtb infection may favor the replication, persistence and progression of HIV, is less characterized. We present a rationale for the critical consideration of ‘latent’ Mtb infection in HIV-1 prevention and cure strategies. In support of this position, we review evidence of the effect of Mtb infection on HIV-1 acquisition, replication and persistence. We propose that ‘latent’ Mtb infection may have considerable impact on HIV-1 pathogenesis and the continuing HIV-1 epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Waters
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa
| | - Mthawelanga Ndengane
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa
| | - Collin R Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, WC, South Africa.,Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia.,Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia
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