1
|
Liu J, Chustecki JM, Lim BL. Dynamic motion of mitochondria, plastids, and NAD(P)H zoning in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109132. [PMID: 39316923 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Pollen tubes consume a tremendous amount of energy and are the fastest-growing cells known in plants. Mitochondria are key organelles that supply energy and play important roles in modulating cellular redox homeostasis. Here, we found that endogenous NAD(P)H in Arabidopsis pollen tubes was spatially highly correlated with the distribution of mitochondria, both peaking in the subapex region. A weak association was also observed between the NAD(P)H levels and pollen plastids. Further studies using Class XI myosin mutants confirmed that altered mitochondrial distribution and trafficking concomitantly affected intracellular NAD(P)H zoning in pollen tubes. By targeting the NADPH- and NADH/NAD+-specific biosensors to the pollen tube cytosol of the myo11c1/myo11c2 double mutants, we showed that the growing pollen tubes in the double mutants possessed a lower level of cytosolic NADPH but a higher cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio than the WT. We also found that the knockout of Myo11C1 and Myo11C2 led to fragmented mitochondria with reduced motility. Therefore, altered cytosolic NAD(P)H levels may be secondary to changes in mitochondrial mobility, positioning, or morphology. Our results suggest that the spatial distribution and movement of mitochondria and plastids affect NAD(P)H zoning in Arabidopsis growing pollen tubes and that their movements depend on Class XI myosins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
| | - Joanna M Chustecki
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China; HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Collado-Arenal AM, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Mullineaux PM, Olmedilla A, Romero-Puertas MC, Sandalio LM. Cadmium exposure induced light/dark- and time-dependent redox changes at subcellular level in Arabidopsis plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135164. [PMID: 39032180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plants and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are some of the primary signaling molecules produced after Cd treatment in plants but the contribution of different organelles and specific cell types, together with the impact of light is unknown. We used Arabidopsis lines expressing GRX1-roGFP2 (glutaredoxin1-roGFP) targeted to different cell compartments and analysed changes in redox state over 24 h light/dark cycle in Cd-treated leaf discs. We imaged redox state changes in peroxisomes and chloroplasts in leaf tissue. Chloroplasts and peroxisomes were the most affected organelles in the dark and blocking the photosynthetic electron transport chain (pETC) by DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) promotes higher Cd-dependent oxidation in all organelles. Peroxisomes underwent the most rapid changes in redox state in response to Cd and DCMU and silencing chloroplastic NTRC (NADPH thioredoxin reductase C) considerably increases peroxisome oxidation. Total NAD(P)H and cytosolic NADH decreased during exposure to Cd, while Ca+2 content in chloroplasts and cytosol increased in the dark period. Our results demonstrate a Cd-, time- and light-dependent increase of oxidation of all organelles analysed, that could be in part triggered by disturbances in pETC and photorespiration, the decrease of NAD(P)H availability, and differential antioxidants expression at subcellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada 18008, Spain.
| | | | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Adela Olmedilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada 18008, Spain.
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada 18008, Spain.
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada 18008, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang X, Li Y, Wang L, Yi B, Fu T, Ma C, Dai C. Knockout of stigmatic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) delays pollen rehydration and germination by mediating ROS homeostasis in Brassica napus L. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1258-1271. [PMID: 38804089 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The successful interaction between pollen and stigma is a critical process for plant sexual reproduction, involving a series of intricate molecular and physiological events. After self-compatible pollination, a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been observed in stigmas, which is essential for pollen grain rehydration and subsequent pollen tube growth. Several scavenging enzymes tightly regulate ROS homeostasis. However, the potential role of these ROS-scavenging enzymes in the pollen-stigma interaction in Brassica napus remains unclear. Here, we showed that the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was modulated depending on the compatibility of pollination in B. napus. We then identified stigma-expressed APX1s and generated pentuple mutants of APX1s using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. After compatible pollination, the BnaAPX1 pentuple mutants accumulated higher levels of H2O2 in the stigma, while the overexpression of BnaA09.APX1 resulted in lower levels of H2O2. Furthermore, the knockout of BnaAPX1 delayed the compatible response-mediated pollen rehydration and germination, which was consistent with the effects of a specific APX inhibitor, ρ-Aminophenol, on compatible pollination. In contrast, the overexpression of BnaA09.APX1 accelerated pollen rehydration and germination after both compatible and incompatible pollinations. However, delaying and promoting pollen rehydration and germination did not affect the seed set after compatible and incompatible pollination in APX1 pentuple mutants and overexpression lines, respectively. Our results demonstrate the fundamental role of BnaAPX1 in pollen rehydration and germination by regulating ROS homeostasis during the pollen-stigma interaction in B. napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong W, Oubounyt M, Baumbach J, Dresselhaus T. Heat-stress-induced ROS in maize silks cause late pollen tube growth arrest and sterility. iScience 2024; 27:110081. [PMID: 38979009 PMCID: PMC11228802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The reproductive phase of plants is highly sensitive to ambient temperature stresses. To investigate sensitivity of female reproductive organs in grass crops during the pollination phase, we exposed the elongated stigma (silk) of maize to ambient environment at the silking stage. Moderate heat stress causes cell death of silk hair cells but did not affect early pollen tube growth inside the silk. Late pollen tube growth arrest was observed, leading to sterility. Heat stress causes elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in silks, whose levels can be reduced by scavengers partly restoring pollen tube growth and fertility. A number of biological processes including hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and bHLH transcription factor genes are downregulated by heat stress, while some NAC transcription factor genes are strongly upregulated. In conclusion, this study now provides a basis to select genes for engineering heat-stress-tolerant grass crops during the pollination phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gong
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mhaned Oubounyt
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang F, Rosental L, Ji B, Brotman Y, Dai M. Metabolite-mediated adaptation of crops to drought and the acquisition of tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:626-644. [PMID: 38241088 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major and growing threats to agriculture productivity and food security. Metabolites are involved in the regulation of plant responses to various environmental stresses, including drought stress. The complex drought tolerance can be ascribed to several simple metabolic traits. These traits could then be used for detecting the genetic architecture of drought tolerance. Plant metabolomes show dynamic differences when drought occurs during different developmental stages or upon different levels of drought stress. Here, we reviewed the major and most recent findings regarding the metabolite-mediated plant drought response. Recent progress in the development of drought-tolerant agents is also discussed. We provide an updated schematic overview of metabolome-driven solutions for increasing crop drought tolerance and thereby addressing an impending agricultural challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Leah Rosental
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Boming Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Mingqiu Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Liu X, Tang C, Lv S, Zhang S, Wu J, Wang P. PbRbohH/J mediates ROS generation to regulate the growth of pollen tube in pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108342. [PMID: 38219427 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) family genes play crucial functions in development and growth. However, comprehensive and systematic investigation of Rboh family members in Rosaceae and their specific functions during pear pollen development are still limited. In the study, 63 Rboh genes were identified from eight Rosaceae genomes (Malus domestica, Pyrus bretschneideri, Pyrus communis, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, Fragaria vesca, Prunus mume and Prunus avium) and divided into seven main subfamilies (I-VII) according to phylogenetic and structural features. Different modes of gene duplication led to the expansion of Rboh family, with purifying selection playing a vital role in the evolution of Rboh genes. In addition, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR results indicated that PbRbohH and PbRbohJ were specifically high-expressed in pear pollen. Subsequently, subcellular localization revealed that PbRbohH/J distributed at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, by pharmacological analysis and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide assay, PbRbohH/J were demonstrated to mediate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to manage pollen tube growth. In conclusion, our results provide useful insights into the functions, expression patterns, evolutionary history of the Rboh genes in pear and other Rosaceae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouzheng Lv
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stephan OOH. Bio-positive effects of ionizing radiation on pollen: The role of ROS. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14163. [PMID: 39141204 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The concept of 'hormesis' is defined as a dose-response relationship whereby low doses of various toxic substances or physical stressors trigger bio-positive effects in diverse biological systems, whereas high doses cause inhibition of cellular performance (e.g. growth, viability). The two-sided phenomenon of specific low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition imposed by a 'hormetic-factor' has been well documented in toxicology and pharmacology. Multitudinous factors have been identified that correspondingly cause hormetic effects in diverse taxa of animals, fungi, and plants. This study particularly aims to elucidate the molecular basis for stimulatory implications of ionizing radiation (IR) on plant male gametophytes (pollen). Beyond that, this analysis impacts general research on cell growth, plant breeding, radiation protection, and, in a wider sense, medical treatment. For this purpose, IR-related data were surveyed and discussed in connection with the present knowledge about pollen physiology. It is concluded that IR-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a key role here. Moreover, it is hypothesized that IR-exposure shifts the ratio between diverse types of ROS in the cell. The interrelation between ROS, intracellular Ca2+-gradient, NADPH oxidases, ROS-scavengers, actin dynamics, and cell wall properties are most probably involved in IR-hormesis of pollen germination and tube growth. Modulation of gene expression, phytohormone signalling, and cellular antioxidant capacity are also implicated in IR-hormesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavian O H Stephan
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stephan OOH. Effects of environmental stress factors on the actin cytoskeleton of fungi and plants: Ionizing radiation and ROS. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:330-355. [PMID: 37066976 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Actin is an abundant and multifaceted protein in eukaryotic cells that has been detected in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. In cooperation with numerous interacting accessory-proteins, monomeric actin (G-actin) polymerizes into microfilaments (F-actin) which constitute ubiquitous subcellular higher order structures. Considering the extensive spatial dimensions and multifunctionality of actin superarrays, the present study analyses the issue if and to what extent environmental stress factors, specifically ionizing radiation (IR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect the cellular actin-entity. In that context, this review particularly surveys IR-response of fungi and plants. It examines in detail which actin-related cellular constituents and molecular pathways are influenced by IR and related ROS. This comprehensive survey concludes that the general integrity of the total cellular actin cytoskeleton is a requirement for IR-tolerance. Actin's functions in genome organization and nuclear events like chromatin remodeling, DNA-repair, and transcription play a key role. Beyond that, it is highly significant that the macromolecular cytoplasmic and cortical actin-frameworks are affected by IR as well. In response to IR, actin-filament bundling proteins (fimbrins) are required to stabilize cables or patches. In addition, the actin-associated factors mediating cellular polarity are essential for IR-survivability. Moreover, it is concluded that a cellular homeostasis system comprising ROS, ROS-scavengers, NADPH-oxidases, and the actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role here. Consequently, besides the actin-fraction which controls crucial genome-integrity, also the portion which facilitates orderly cellular transport and polarized growth has to be maintained in order to survive IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavian O H Stephan
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, 91058, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Feng B, Li J, Fu W, Wang W, Chen T, Liu L, Wu Z, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. RGA1 alleviates low-light-repressed pollen tube elongation by improving the metabolism and allocation of sugars and energy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1363-1383. [PMID: 36658612 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-light stress compromises photosynthetic and energy efficiency and leads to spikelet sterility; however, the effect of low-light stress on pollen tube elongation in the pistil remains poorly understood. The gene RGA1, which encodes a Gα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein, enhanced low-light tolerance at anthesis by preventing the cessation of pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice plants. In this process, marked increases in the activities of acid invertase (INV), sucrose synthase (SUS) and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complexes, as well as the relative expression levels of SUTs (sucrose transporter), SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), SUSs, INVs, CINs (cell-wall INV 1), SnRK1A (sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase 1) and SnRK1B, were observed in OE-1 plants. Accordingly, notable increases in contents of ATP and ATPase were presented in OE-1 plants under low-light conditions, while they were decreased in d1 plants. Importantly, INV and ATPase activators (sucrose and Na2 SO3 , respectively) increased spikelet fertility by improving the energy status in the pistil under low-light conditions, and the ATPase inhibitor Na2 VO4 induced spikelet sterility and decreased ATPase activity. These results suggest that RGA1 could alleviate the low-light stress-induced impairment of pollen tube elongation to increase spikelet fertility by promoting sucrose unloading in the pistil and improving the metabolism and allocation of energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianmeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lv X, Li Y, Chen R, Rui M, Wang Y. Stomatal Responses of Two Drought-Tolerant Barley Varieties with Different ROS Regulation Strategies under Drought Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040790. [PMID: 37107165 PMCID: PMC10135251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production. Stomata are central to efforts to improve photosynthesis and water use. They are targets for manipulation to improve both processes and the balance between them. An in-depth understanding of stomatal behavior and kinetics is important for improving photosynthesis and the WUE of crops. In this study, a drought stress pot experiment was performed, and a transcriptome analysis of the leaves of three contrasting, cultivated barley genotypes Lumley (Lum, drought-tolerant), Golden Promise (GP, drought-sensitive), and Tadmor (Tad, drought-tolerant), generated by high-throughput sequencing, were compared. Lum exhibited a different WUE at the leaf and whole-plant levels and had greater CO2 assimilation, with a higher gs under drought stress. Interestingly, Lum showed a slower stomatal closure in response to a light-dark transition and significant differences compared to Tad in stomatal response to the exogenous application of ABA, H2O2, and CaCl2. A transcriptome analysis revealed that 24 ROS-related genes were indeed involved in drought response regulation, and impaired ABA-induced ROS accumulation in Lum was identified using ROS and antioxidant capacity measurements. We conclude that different stomatal ROS responses affect stomatal closure in barley, demonstrating different drought regulation strategies. These results provide valuable insight into the physiological and molecular basis of stomatal behavior and drought tolerance in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiachen Lv
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihong Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongjia Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Rui
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feitosa-Araujo E, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Pena MM, Lana-Costa J, Coelho DG, de Oliveira Silva FM, Medeiros DB, Linka N, Araújo WL, Weber APM, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A. Mitochondrial and peroxisomal NAD + uptake are important for improved photosynthesis and seed yield under elevated CO 2 concentrations. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:713-730. [PMID: 35644998 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adapt their physiology and developmental processes to cope with challenging environmental circumstances, such as the ongoing elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is a cornerstone of plant metabolism and plays an essential role in redox homeostasis. Given that plants impaired in NAD metabolism and transport often display growth defects, low seed production and disturbed stomatal development/movement, we hypothesized that subcellular NAD distribution could be a candidate for plants to exploit the effects of CO2 fertilization. We report that an efficient subcellular NAD+ distribution is required for the fecundity-promoting effects of elevated CO2 levels. Plants with reduced expression of either mitochondrial (NDT1 or NDT2) or peroxisomal (PXN) NAD+ transporter genes grown under elevated CO2 exhibited reduced total leaf area compared with the wild-type while PXN mutants also displayed reduced leaf number. NDT2 and PXN lines grown under elevated CO2 conditions displayed reduced rosette dry weight and lower photosynthetic rates coupled with reduced stomatal conductance. Interestingly, high CO2 doubled seed production and seed weight in the wild-type, whereas the mutants were less responsive to increases in CO2 levels during reproduction, producing far fewer seeds than the wild-type under both CO2 conditions. These data highlight the importance of mitochondrial and peroxisomal NAD+ uptake mediated by distinct NAD transporter proteins to modulate photosynthesis and seed production under high CO2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Miranda Pena
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Lana-Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gomes Coelho
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aloisi I, Piccini C, Cai G, Del Duca S. Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Chiara Piccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim YJ, Kim MH, Hong WJ, Moon S, Kim ST, Park SK, Jung KH. OsMTD2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is essential for intact pollen-tube elongation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1131-1147. [PMID: 34143922 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly specialized haploid male gametophyte-pollen consist of two sperm cells and a large vegetative cell. Successful fertilization requires proper growth timing and rupture of the pollen tube until it delivers sperm cells, which occur immediately after a pollen grain hydrates. Although a tight regulation on polar cell-wall expansion of the pollen tube is fundamentally important, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, especially in crop plants. Here, we characterized the function of male-gene transfer defective 2 (OsMTD2) gene in rice (Oryza sativa), which belongs to the plant-specific receptor-like kinase, the CrRLK1L family. We demonstrated that OsMTD2 is an essential male factor participating in pollen-tube elongation based on genetic evidence and physiological observations. Because of unavailability of homozygous mutant via conventional methods, we used CRISPR-Cas9 system to obtain homozygous knockout mutant of OsMTD2. We were able to identify phenotypic changes including male sterility due to early pollen-tube rupture in the mutant. We observed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was dramatically reduced in mutants of OsMTD2 pollen grain and tubes with defective pectin distribution. Transcriptome analysis of osmtd2-2 versus wild-type anthers revealed that genes involved in defense responses, metabolic alteration, transcriptional and protein modification were highly upregulated in the osmtd2-2 mutant. Through yeast-two-hybrid screening, we found that OsMTD2 kinase interacts with E3 ligase SPL11. Taken together, we propose that OsMTD2 has crucial functions in promoting pollen-tube elongation through cell-wall modification, possibly by modulating ROS homeostasis during pollen-tube growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, and Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Podolyan A, Luneva O, Klimenko E, Breygina M. Oxygen radicals and cytoplasm zoning in growing lily pollen tubes. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:103-115. [PMID: 33492520 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Differential modulation of ROS content of the microenvironment (O ¯/MnTMPP/OH·) affects growth speed and morphology in lily pollen tubes. Oxygen radicals influence ionic zoning: membrane potential and pH gradients. Recently, redox-regulation of tip growth has been extensively studied, but differential sensitivity of growing cells to particular ROS and their subcellular localization is still unclear. Here, we used specific dyes to provide mapping of H2O2 and O·2¯ in short and long pollen tubes. We found apical accumulation of H2O2 and H2O2-producing organelles in the shank that were not colocalized with O·2¯-producing mitochondria. Differential modulation of ROS content of the germination medium affected both growth speed and pollen tube morphology. Oxygen radicals affected ionic zoning: membrane potential and pH gradients. OH· caused depolarization all along the tube while O·2¯ provoked hyperpolarization and cytoplasm alkalinization. O·2¯accelerated growth and reduced tube diameter, indicating that this ROS can be considered as pollen tube growth stimulator. Serious structural disturbances were observed upon exposure to OH· and ROS quencher MnTMPP: pollen tube growth slowed down and ballooned tips formed in both cases, but OH· affected membrane transport and organelle distribution as well. OH·, thus, can be considered as a negative regulator of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes, in turn, are able to reduce OH· concentration, which was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Podolyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Oksana Luneva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ekaterina Klimenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Maria Breygina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stephan OOH. Implications of ionizing radiation on pollen performance in comparison with diverse models of polar cell growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:665-691. [PMID: 33124689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research concerning the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on plant systems is essential for numerous aspects of human society, as for instance, in terms of agriculture and plant breeding, but additionally for elucidating consequences of radioactive contamination of the ecosphere. This comprehensive survey analyses effects of x- and γ-irradiation on male gametophytes comprising primarily in vitro but also in vivo data of diverse plant species. The IR-dose range for pollen performance was compiled and 50% inhibition doses (ID50 ) for germination and tube growth were comparatively related to physiological characteristics of the microgametophyte. Factors influencing IR-susceptibility of mature pollen and polarized tube growth were evaluated, such as dose-rate, environmental conditions, or species-related variations. In addition, all available reports suggesting bio-positive IR-effects particularly on pollen performance were examined. Most importantly, for the first time influences of IR specifically on diverse phylogenetic models of polar cell growth were comparatively analysed, and thus demonstrated that the gametophytic system of pollen is extremely resistant to IR, more than plant sporophytes and especially much more than comparable animal cells. Beyond that, this study develops hypotheses regarding a molecular basis for the extreme IR-resistance of the plant microgametophyte and highlights its unique rank among organismal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavian O H Stephan
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alipour S, Bilska K, Stolarska E, Wojciechowska N, Kalemba EM. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides are associated with distinct redox control of germination in Acer seeds with contrasting physiology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245635. [PMID: 33503034 PMCID: PMC7840005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process enabling plant reproduction. Germination was found to be regulated at the proteome, metabolome and hormonal levels as well as via discrete post-translational modification of proteins including phosphorylation and carbonylation. Redox balance is also involved but less studied. Acer seeds displaying orthodox and recalcitrant characteristics were investigated to determine the levels of redox couples of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) phosphate (NADP) and integrated with the levels of ascorbate and glutathione. NAD and NADP concentrations were higher in Norway maple seeds and exceptionally high at the germinated stage, being the most contrasting parameter between germinating Acer seeds. In contrast, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios were higher in sycamore seeds, thus exhibiting higher reducing power. Despite distinct concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione, both seed types attained in embryonic axes and cotyledons had similar ratios of reduced/oxidized forms of ascorbate and half-cell reduction potential of glutathione at the germinated stage. Both species accomplished germination displaying different strategies to modulate redox status. Sycamore produced higher amounts of ascorbate and maintained pyridine nucleotides in reduced forms. Interestingly, lower NAD(P) concentrations limited the regeneration of ascorbate and glutathione but dynamically drove metabolic reactions, particularly in this species, and contributed to faster germination. We suggest that NAD(P) is an important player in regulating redox status during germination in a distinct manner in Norway maple and sycamore seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Alipour
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Breygina M, Klimenko E. ROS and Ions in Cell Signaling during Sexual Plant Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9476. [PMID: 33322128 PMCID: PMC7764562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen grain is a unique haploid organism characterized by two key physiological processes: activation of metabolism upon exiting dormancy and polar tube growth. In gymnosperms and flowering plants, these processes occur in different time frames and exhibit important features; identification of similarities and differences is still in the active phase. In angiosperms, the growth of male gametophyte is directed and controlled by its microenvironment, while in gymnosperms it is relatively autonomous. Recent reviews have detailed aspects of interaction between angiosperm female tissues and pollen such as interactions between peptides and their receptors; however, accumulated evidence suggests low-molecular communication, in particular, through ion exchange and ROS production, equally important for polar growth as well as for pollen germination. Recently, it became clear that ROS and ionic currents form a single regulatory module, since ROS production and the activity of ion transport systems are closely interrelated and form a feedback loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breygina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scholz P, Anstatt J, Krawczyk HE, Ischebeck T. Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 32859043 PMCID: PMC7569787 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| | | | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Candotto Carniel F, Fortuna L, Nepi M, Cai G, Del Casino C, Adami G, Bramini M, Bosi S, Flahaut E, Martín C, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Beyond graphene oxide acidity: Novel insights into graphene related materials effects on the sexual reproduction of seed plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122380. [PMID: 32126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene related materials (GRMs) are currently being used in products and devices of everyday life and this strongly increases the possibility of their ultimate release into the environment as waste items. GRMs have several effects on plants, and graphene oxide (GO) in particular, can affect pollen germination and tube growth due to its acidic properties. Despite the socio-economic importance of sexual reproduction in seed plants, the effect of GRMs on this process is still largely unknown. Here, Corylus avellana L. (common Hazel) pollen was germinated in-vitro with and without 1-100 μg mL-1 few-layer graphene (FLG), GO and reduced GO (rGO) to identify GRMs effects alternative to the acidification damage caused by GO. At 100 μg mL-1 both FLG and GO decreased pollen germination, however only GO negatively affected pollen tube growth. Furthermore, GO adsorbed about 10 % of the initial Ca2+ from germination media accounting for a further decrease in germination of 13 % at the pH created by GO. In addition, both FLG and GO altered the normal tip-focused reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution along the pollen tube. The results provided here help to understand GRMs effect on the sexual reproduction of seed plants and to address future in-vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N° 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, E-20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Katano K, Oi T, Suzuki N. Failure of Pollen Attachment to the Stigma Triggers Elongation of Stigmatic Papillae in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:989. [PMID: 32714359 PMCID: PMC7340091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is one of key determinants of yield production in important crops, such as grains and beans in which seeds are utilized as agricultural products. Thus, to fulfil food demand for growing world population, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate pollination, leading to increase in yield production. In this study, we compared detailed morphological characteristics of reproductive organs in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under control conditions or subjected to heat stress. Shorter length of anthers, filaments, and petals were observed in plants subjected to heat stress compared to those under control conditions. In contrast, heat stress resulted in enlargement of stigma via elongation of stigmatic papillae. Classification of stigmas based on patterns of pollen attachment indicated that pollen attachment to stigma clearly decreased under heat stress. In addition, artificial pollination experiment demonstrated that stigma shrank when pollen attached, but, continued to enlarge in the absence of pollen. Such modulation of stigma size depending on the presence or absence of pollen was observed both under control and heat stressed conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that elongation of stigmatic papillae is associated with failure of pollen attachment to the stigma, rather than heat stress. Furthermore, histochemical staining experiments suggest that Ca2+ derived from pollen together with O2 - might be associated with morphological alteration of stigma depending on the patterns of pollen attachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Katano
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Feitosa-Araujo E, de Souza Chaves I, Florian A, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Condori Apfata JA, Heyneke E, Medeiros DB, Pires MV, Mettler-Altmann T, Neuhaus HE, Palmieri F, Ara�jo WL, Obata T, Weber APM, Linka N, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A. Downregulation of a Mitochondrial NAD+ Transporter (NDT2) Alters Seed Production and Germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:897-908. [PMID: 32065636 PMCID: PMC7217668 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for metabolism, the physiological roles of NAD+ carriers in plants remain unclear. We previously characterized the Arabidopsis thaliana gene (At1g25380), named AtNDT2, encoding a protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which imports NAD+ from the cytosol using ADP and AMP as counter-exchange substrates for NAD+. Here, we further investigated the physiological roles of NDT2, by isolating a T-DNA insertion line, generating an antisense line and characterizing these genotypes in detail. Reduced NDT2 expression affected reproductive phase by reducing total seed yield. In addition, reduced seed germination and retardation in seedling establishment were observed in the mutant lines. Moreover, remarkable changes in primary metabolism were observed in dry and germinated seeds and an increase in fatty acid levels was verified during seedling establishment. Furthermore, flowers and seedlings of NDT2 mutants displayed upregulation of de novo and salvage pathway genes encoding NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes, demonstrating the transcriptional control mediated by NDT2 activity over these genes. Taken together, our results suggest that NDT2 expression is fundamental for maintaining NAD+ balance amongst organelles that modulate metabolism, physiology and developmental processes of heterotrophic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabel de Souza Chaves
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Condori Apfata
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Marcel Viana Pires
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Wagner L Ara�jo
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University D�sseldorf, D�sseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang MJ, Zhang XS, Gao XQ. ROS in the Male-Female Interactions During Pollination: Function and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32180782 PMCID: PMC7059789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The male-female interactions in pollination mediate pollen hydration and germination, pollen tube growth and fertilization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from both male and female tissues play regulatory roles for the communication between the pollen/pollen tube and female tissues at various stages, such as pollen hydration and germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth in the pistil and pollen tube reception in the female gametophyte. In this minireview, we primarily summarize the recent progress on the roles of ROS signaling in male-female interactions during pollination and discuss several ROS-regulated downstream signaling pathways for these interactions. Furthermore, several ROS-involved downstream pathways are outlined, such as Ca2+ signaling, cell wall cytomechanics, the redox modification of CRP, and cell PCD. At the end, we address the roles of ROS in pollen tube guidance and fertilization as future questions that merit study.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sankaranarayanan S, Ju Y, Kessler SA. Reactive Oxygen Species as Mediators of Gametophyte Development and Double Fertilization in Flowering Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1199. [PMID: 32849744 PMCID: PMC7419745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism. In plants, they also function as important signaling molecules that regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as plant growth and development. Recent studies have implicated ROS in various aspects of plant reproduction. In male gametophytes, ROS are associated with germline development as well as the developmentally associated programmed cell death of tapetal cells necessary for microspore development. ROS have a role in regulation of female gametophyte patterning and maintenance of embryo sac polarity. During pollination, ROS play roles in the generation of self-incompatibility response during pollen-pistil interaction, pollen tube growth, pollen tube burst for sperm release and fertilization. In this mini review, we provide an overview of ROS production and signaling in the context of plant reproductive development, from female and male gametophyte development to fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Subramanian Sankaranarayanan, ; Sharon A. Kessler,
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sharon A. Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Subramanian Sankaranarayanan, ; Sharon A. Kessler,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Souza Chaves I, Feitosa-Araújo E, Florian A, Medeiros DB, da Fonseca‐Pereira P, Charton L, Heyneke E, Apfata JA, Pires MV, Mettler‐Altmann T, Araújo WL, Neuhaus HE, Palmieri F, Obata T, Weber AP, Linka N, Fernie AR, Nunes‐Nesi A. The mitochondrial NAD + transporter (NDT1) plays important roles in cellular NAD + homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:487-504. [PMID: 31278825 PMCID: PMC6900047 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is an essential coenzyme required for all living organisms. In eukaryotic cells, the final step of NAD+ biosynthesis is exclusively cytosolic. Hence, NAD+ must be imported into organelles to support their metabolic functions. Three NAD+ transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) have been biochemically characterized in plants. AtNDT1 (At2g47490), focus of the current study, AtNDT2 (At1g25380), targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and AtPXN (At2g39970), located in the peroxisomal membrane. Although AtNDT1 was presumed to reside in the chloroplast membrane, subcellular localization experiments with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed that AtNDT1 locates exclusively in the mitochondrial membrane in stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. To understand the biological function of AtNDT1 in Arabidopsis, three transgenic lines containing an antisense construct of AtNDT1 under the control of the 35S promoter alongside a T-DNA insertional line were evaluated. Plants with reduced AtNDT1 expression displayed lower pollen viability, silique length, and higher rate of seed abortion. Furthermore, these plants also exhibited an increased leaf number and leaf area concomitant with higher photosynthetic rates and higher levels of sucrose and starch. Therefore, lower expression of AtNDT1 was associated with enhanced vegetative growth but severe impairment of the reproductive stage. These results are discussed in the context of the mitochondrial localization of AtNDT1 and its important role in the cellular NAD+ homeostasis for both metabolic and developmental processes in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabel de Souza Chaves
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Elias Feitosa-Araújo
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - David B. Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca‐Pereira
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Lennart Charton
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Jorge A.C. Apfata
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marcel V. Pires
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of Bari70125BariItaly
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Adriano Nunes‐Nesi
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parrotta L, Faleri C, Guerriero G, Cai G. Cold stress affects cell wall deposition and growth pattern in tobacco pollen tubes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:329-342. [PMID: 31128704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cold is an abiotic stress seriously threatening crop productivity by decreasing biomass production. The pollen tube is a target of cold stress, but also a useful model to address questions on cell wall biosynthesis. We here provide (immuno)cytological data relative to the impact of cold on the pollen tube cell wall. We clearly show that the growth pattern is severely affected by the stress, since the typical pulsed-growth mechanism accompanied by the periodic deposition of pectin rings is absent/severely reduced. Additionally, pectins and cellulose accumulate in bulges provoked by the stress, while callose, which colocalizes with pectins in the periodic rings formed during pulsed growth, accumulates randomly in the stressed samples. The altered distribution of the cell wall components is accompanied by differences in the localization of glucan synthases: cellulose synthase shows a more diffuse localization, while callose synthase shows a more frequent cytoplasmic accumulation, thereby denoting a failure in plasma membrane insertion. The cell wall observations are complemented by the analysis of intracellular Ca2+, pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS): while in the case of pH no major differences are observed, a less focused Ca2+ and ROS gradients are present in the stressed samples. The standard oscillatory growth of pollen tubes is recovered by transient changes of turgor pressure induced by hypoosmotic media. Overall our data contribute to the understanding of the impact that cold stress has on the normal development of the pollen tube and unveil the cell wall-related aberrant features accompanying the observed alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via P.A. Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via P.A. Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jimenez-Quesada MJ, Traverso JA, Potocký M, Žárský V, Alché JDD. Generation of Superoxide by OeRbohH, a NADPH Oxidase Activity During Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Pollen Development and Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1149. [PMID: 31608092 PMCID: PMC6761571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the olive reproductive organs as the result of intense metabolism. ROS production and pattern of distribution depend on the developmental stage, supposedly playing a broad panel of functions, which include defense and signaling between pollen and pistil. Among ROS-producing mechanisms, plasma membrane NADPH-oxidase activity is being highlighted in plant tissues, and two enzymes of this type have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen (RbohH and RbohJ), playing important roles in pollen physiology. Besides, pollen from different species has shown distinct ROS production mechanism and patterns of distribution. In the olive reproductive tissues, a significant production of superoxide has been described. However, the enzymes responsible for such generation are unknown. Here, we have identified an Rboh-type gene (OeRbohH), mainly expressed in olive pollen. OeRbohH possesses a high degree of identity with RbohH and RbohJ from Arabidopsis, sharing most structural features and motifs. Immunohistochemistry experiments allowed us to localize OeRbohH throughout pollen ontogeny as well as during pollen tube elongation. Furthermore, the balanced activity of tip-localized OeRbohH during pollen tube growth has been shown to be important for normal pollen physiology. This was evidenced by the fact that overexpression caused abnormal phenotypes, whereas incubation with specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor or gene knockdown lead to impaired ROS production and subsequent inhibition of pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Jimenez-Quesada
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - José Angel Traverso
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan de Dios Alché,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mendieta-Serrano MA, Mendez-Cruz FJ, Antúnez-Mojica M, Schnabel D, Alvarez L, Cárdenas L, Lomelí H, Ruiz-Santiesteban JA, Salas-Vidal E. NADPH-Oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species are required for cytoskeletal organization, proper localization of E-cadherin and cell motility during zebrafish epiboly. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:82-98. [PMID: 30342187 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell movements are essential for morphogenesis during animal development. Epiboly is the first morphogenetic process in zebrafish in which cells move en masse to thin and spread the deep and enveloping cell layers of the blastoderm over the yolk cell. While epiboly has been shown to be controlled by complex molecular networks, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to this process has not previously been studied. Here, we show that ROS are required for epiboly in zebrafish. Visualization of ROS in whole embryos revealed dynamic patterns during epiboly progression. Significantly, inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity leads to a decrease in ROS formation, delays epiboly, alters E-cadherin and cytoskeleton patterns and, by 24 h post-fertilization, decreases embryo survival, effects that are rescued by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Our findings suggest that a delicate ROS balance is required during early development and that disruption of that balance interferes with cell adhesion, leading to defective cell motility and epiboly progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayra Antúnez-Mojica
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maksimov N, Evmenyeva A, Breygina M, Yermakov I. The role of reactive oxygen species in pollen germination in Picea pungens (blue spruce). PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:357-365. [PMID: 29619606 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous ROS, including those produced by NADPH oxidase, are required for spruce pollen germination and regulate membrane potential in pollen tubes; [Formula: see text] and H 2 O 2 are unevenly distributed along the tube. Recently, the key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant reproduction has been decisively demonstrated for angiosperms. This paper is dedicated to the involvement of ROS in pollen germination of gymnosperms, which remained largely unknown. We found that ROS are secreted from pollen grains of blue spruce during the early stage of activation. The localization of different ROS in pollen tube initials and pollen tubes demonstrated the accumulation of H2O2 in pollen tube apex. Colocalization with mitochondria-derived [Formula: see text] showed that H2O2 is produced in mitochondria and amyloplasts in addition to its apical gradient in the cytosol. The necessity of intracellular ROS and, particularly, [Formula: see text] for pollen germination was demonstrated using different antioxidants. ·OH and extracellular ROS, on the contrary, were found to be not necessary for germination. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide did not affect the germination efficiency but accelerated pollen tube growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The optical measurements of membrane potential showed that in spruce pollen tubes there is a gradient which is controlled by H+-ATPase, potassium- and calcium-permeable channels, anion channels and ROS, as demonstrated by inhibitory analysis. An important role of NADPH oxidase in the regulation of ROS balance in particular, and in germination in general, has been demonstrated by inhibiting the enzyme, which leads to the reduction in ROS release, depolarization of pollen tube plasma membrane, and blocking of pollen germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Anastasia Evmenyeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Maria Breygina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitjanova Street 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
| | - Igor Yermakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Katano K, Honda K, Suzuki N. Integration between ROS Regulatory Systems and Other Signals in the Regulation of Various Types of Heat Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113370. [PMID: 30373292 PMCID: PMC6274784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants cannot escape from heat stress and are forced to alter their cellular state to prevent damage. Plants, therefore, evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to irregular increases in temperature in the natural environment. In addition to the ability to adapt to an abrupt increase in temperature, plants possess strategies to reprogram their cellular state during pre-exposure to sublethal heat stress so that they are able to survive under subsequent severe heat stress. Such an acclimatory response to heat, i.e., acquired thermotolerance, might depend on the maintenance of heat memory and propagation of long-distance signaling. In addition, plants are able to tailor their specific cellular state to adapt to heat stress combined with other abiotic stresses. Many studies revealed significant roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory systems in the regulation of these various heat responses in plants. However, the mode of coordination between ROS regulatory systems and other pathways is still largely unknown. In this review, we address how ROS regulatory systems are integrated with other signaling networks to control various types of heat responses in plants. In addition, differences and similarities in heat response signals between different growth stages are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Katano
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hemelryck MV, Bernal R, Ispolatov Y, Dumais J. Lily Pollen Tubes Pulse According to a Simple Spatial Oscillator. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12135. [PMID: 30108317 PMCID: PMC6092427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar growth is a fundamental mode of cell morphogenesis observed in nearly all major groups of organisms. Among polarly growing cells, the angiosperm pollen tubes have emerged as powerful experimental systems in large part because of their oscillatory growth, which provides a window into the network of interactions regulating morphogenesis. Empirical studies of oscillatory pollen tubes have sought to uncover the temporal sequence of cellular and molecular events that constitutes an oscillatory cycle. Here we show that in lily pollen tubes the distance or wavelength (λ = 6.3 ± 1.7 μm) over which an oscillatory cycle unfolds is more robust than the period of oscillation (τ = 39.1 ± 17.6 s) (n = 159 cells). Moreover, the oscillatory cycle is divided into slow and fast phases, with each phase unfolding over precisely one half of the wavelength. Using these observations, we show that a simple spatial bi-oscillator predicts the most common modes of oscillation observed in pollen tubes. These results call into question the traditional view of pollen tube morphogenesis as a temporal succession of cellular events. Space, not time, may be the most natural metric to inteprete the morphogenetic dynamics of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Bernal
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - Yaroslav Ispolatov
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - Jacques Dumais
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Region V, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zafra A, Castro AJ, Alché JDD. Identification of novel superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:114. [PMID: 29884131 PMCID: PMC5994013 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among antioxidant enzymes, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is a major actor in catalysing the disproportionation of superoxide. Apart from its role as antioxidant, these enzymes have a role in cell signalling, and Cu,Zn-SOD proteins are also major pollen allergens. In order to deepen our understanding of the SOD isoenzymes present in olive pollen and to analyse the molecular variability of the pollen Cu,Zn-SOD family, we carried out biochemical, transcriptomic and localization studies of pollen grains from different olive cultivars and other allergenic species. RESULTS Olive pollen showed a high rate of total SOD activity in all cultivars assayed, which did not correlate with pollen viability. Mass spectrometry analysis together with activity assays and Western blotting experiments enabled us to identify new forms of Cu,Zn-SOD enzyme (including chloroplastidic and peroxisomal forms) as well as differentially expressed Mn-, Fe- and Cu,Zn-SOD isoenzymes among the pollen of different olive cultivars and allergenic species. Ultrastructural localization of Cu,Zn-SOD revealed its plastidial localization in the pollen grain. We also identified the occurrence of a shorter form of one of the cytosolic Cu,Zn-SOD enzymes, likely as the result of alternative splicing. This shorter enzyme showed lower SOD activity as compared to the full length form. CONCLUSIONS The presence of multiple SOD isoenzymes in the olive pollen could be related to the need of finely tuning the ROS metabolism during the transition from its quiescent condition at maturity to a highly metabolically active state at germination.
Collapse
Grants
- BFU2016-77243-P Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- RTC-2016-4824-2 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- RTC-2015-4181-2 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- BFU2011-22779 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- 201540E065 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- 201840E055 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- P2010-AGR6274 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- P2011-CVI-7487 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adoración Zafra
- Plant Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Castro
- Plant Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang C, Li G, Chen T, Feng B, Fu W, Yan J, Islam MR, Jin Q, Tao L, Fu G. Heat stress induces spikelet sterility in rice at anthesis through inhibition of pollen tube elongation interfering with auxin homeostasis in pollinated pistils. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29532187 PMCID: PMC5847639 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen tube elongation in the pistil is a key step for pollination success in plants, and auxins play an important role in this process. However, the function of auxins in pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice under heat stress has seldom been previously reported. RESULTS Two rice genotypes differing in heat tolerance were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for 2 h after flowering. A sharp decrease in spikelet fertility was found in the Nipponbare (NPB) and its mutant High temperature susceptible (HTS) under heat stress, but the stress-induced spikelet sterility was reversed by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), especially the HTS. Under heat stress, the pollen tubes of NPB were visible in ovule, while those of HTS were invisible. However, we found the pollen tubes in ovule when sprayed with NAA. During this process, a significant increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was found in the pistil of heat-stressed NPB, while in heat-stressed HTS they were obviously decreased. Additionally, the peroxidase (POD) activity in pistil of NPB was significantly decreased by heat stress, whereas there was no difference between the heat-stressed and non-heat-stressed pistils of HTS. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the enhancement of heat tolerance in plants by NAA was achieved through the increase of the levels of auxins, which prevented the inhibition of pollen tube elongation in pistil, and the crosstalk between auxins and ROS, which might be involved in this process. In addition, POD might be a negative mediator in pollen tube elongation under heat stress due to its ability to scavenge ROS and degrade auxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Jinxiang Yan
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Qianyu Jin
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Szymanski D, Staiger CJ. The Actin Cytoskeleton: Functional Arrays for Cytoplasmic Organization and Cell Shape Control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:106-118. [PMID: 29192029 PMCID: PMC5761824 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Functionally distinct actin filament arrays cluster organelles and define cellular scale flow patterns for secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Michard E, Simon AA, Tavares B, Wudick MM, Feijó JA. Signaling with Ions: The Keystone for Apical Cell Growth and Morphogenesis in Pollen Tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:91-111. [PMID: 27895207 PMCID: PMC5210754 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis and signaling are crucial to regulate pollen tube growth and morphogenesis and affect upstream membrane transporters and downstream targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Michard
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - Alexander A Simon
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - Bárbara Tavares
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - José A Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Winship LJ, Rounds C, Hepler PK. Perturbation Analysis of Calcium, Alkalinity and Secretion during Growth of Lily Pollen Tubes. PLANTS 2016; 6:plants6010003. [PMID: 28042810 PMCID: PMC5371762 DOI: 10.3390/plants6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes grow by spatially and temporally regulated expansion of new material secreted into the cell wall at the tip of the tube. A complex web of interactions among cellular components, ions and small molecule provides dynamic control of localized expansion and secretion. Cross-correlation studies on oscillating lily (Lilium formosanum Wallace) pollen tubes showed that an increase in intracellular calcium follows an increase in growth, whereas the increase in the alkaline band and in secretion both anticipate the increase in growth rate. Calcium, as a follower, is unlikely to be a stimulator of growth, whereas the alkaline band, as a leader, may be an activator. To gain further insight herein we reversibly inhibited growth with potassium cyanide (KCN) and followed the re-establishment of calcium, pH and secretion patterns as growth resumed. While KCN markedly slows growth and causes the associated gradients of calcium and pH to sharply decline, its removal allows growth and vital processes to fully recover. The calcium gradient reappears before growth restarts; however, it is preceded by both the alkaline band and secretion, in which the alkaline band is slightly advanced over secretion. Thus the pH gradient, rather than the tip-focused calcium gradient, may regulate pollen tube growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb Rounds
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Peter K Hepler
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Breygina MA, Abramochkin DV, Maksimov NM, Yermakov IP. Hydrogen peroxide affects ion channels in lily pollen grain protoplasts. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:761-7. [PMID: 27115728 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis plays a central role in polarisation and polar growth. In several cell types ion channels are controlled by reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the most important cells in the plant life cycle is the male gametophyte, which grows under the tight control of both ion fluxes and ROS balance. The precise relationship between these two factors in pollen tubes has not been completely elucidated, and in pollen grains it has never been studied to date. In the present study we used a simple model - protoplasts obtained from lily pollen grains at the early germination stage - to reveal the effect of H2 O2 on cation fluxes crucial for pollen germination. Here we present direct evidence for two ROS-sensitive currents on the pollen grain plasma membrane: the hyperpolarisation-activated calcium current, which is strongly enhanced by H2 O2 , and the outward potassium current, which is modestly enhanced by H2 O2 . We used low concentrations of H2 O2 that do not cause an intracellular oxidative burst and do not damage cells, as demonstrated with fluorescent staining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Breygina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Abramochkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N M Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I P Yermakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Singh R, Singh S, Parihar P, Mishra RK, Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Beneficial Companions of Plants' Developmental Processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1299. [PMID: 27729914 PMCID: PMC5037240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably in the redox reactions of plants, including respiration and photosynthesis. In earlier studies, ROS were considered as toxic by-products of aerobic pathways of the metabolism. But in recent years, concept about ROS has changed because they also participate in developmental processes of plants by acting as signaling molecules. In plants, ROS regulate many developmental processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, programmed cell death, seed germination, gravitropism, root hair growth and pollen tube development, senescence, etc. Despite much progress, a comprehensive update of advances in the understanding of the mechanisms evoked by ROS that mediate in cell proliferation and development are fragmentry and the matter of ROS perception and the signaling cascade remains open. Therefore, keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in this article to summarize the recent findings regarding updates made in the regulatory action of ROS at various plant developmental stages, which are still not well-known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Rohit K. Mishra
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Durgesh K. Tripathi
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate CollegeBaikunthpur, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay P. Singh, Sheo M. Prasad,
| | - Devendra K. Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay P. Singh, Sheo M. Prasad,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiménez-Quesada MJ, Traverso JÁ, Alché JDD. NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Superoxide Production in Plant Reproductive Tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:359. [PMID: 27066025 PMCID: PMC4815025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the life cycle of a flowering plant, the male gametophyte (pollen grain) produced in the anther reaches the stigmatic surface and initiates the pollen-pistil interaction, an important step in plant reproduction, which ultimately leads to the delivery of two sperm cells to the female gametophyte (embryo sac) inside the ovule. The pollen tube undergoes a strictly apical expansion characterized by a high growth rate, whose targeting should be tightly regulated. A continuous exchange of signals therefore takes place between the haploid pollen and diploid tissue of the pistil until fertilization. In compatible interactions, theses processes result in double fertilization to form a zygote (2n) and the triploid endosperm. Among the large number of signaling mechanisms involved, the redox network appears to be particularly important. Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) are superoxide-producing enzymes involved in a broad range of processes in plant physiology. In this study, we review the latest findings on understanding Rboh activity in sexual plant reproduction, with a particular focus on the male gametophyte from the anther development stages to the crowning point of fertilization. Rboh isoforms have been identified in both the male and female gametophyte and have proven to be tightly regulated. Their role at crucial points such as proper growth of pollen tube, self-incompatibility response and eventual fertilization is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J. Jiménez-Quesada
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)Granada, Spain
| | - José Á. Traverso
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan de Dios Alché,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Duan Q, Kita D, Johnson EA, Aggarwal M, Gates L, Wu HM, Cheung AY. Reactive oxygen species mediate pollen tube rupture to release sperm for fertilization in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3129. [PMID: 24451849 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, sperm are transported inside pollen tubes to the female gametophyte for fertilization. The female gametophyte induces rupture of the penetrating pollen tube, resulting in sperm release and rendering them available for fertilization. Here we utilize the Arabidopsis FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase mutants, whose female gametophytes fail to induce pollen tube rupture, to decipher the molecular mechanism of this critical male-female interactive step. We show that FER controls the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species at the entrance to the female gametophyte to induce pollen tube rupture and sperm release. Pollen tube growth assays in vitro and in the pistil demonstrate that hydroxyl free radicals are likely the most reactive oxygen molecules, and they induce pollen tube rupture in a Ca(2+)-dependent process involving Ca(2+) channel activation. Our results provide evidence for a RHO GTPase-based signalling mechanism to mediate sperm release for fertilization in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Duan
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2]
| | - Daniel Kita
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2] Molecular Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [3] [4]
| | - Eric A Johnson
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2] Molecular Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mini Aggarwal
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2] Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Laura Gates
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2]
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2] Molecular Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [2] Molecular Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA [3] Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, 710N. Pleasant Street, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hao MS, Jensen AM, Boquist AS, Liu YJ, Rasmusson AG. The Ca2+-Regulation of the Mitochondrial External NADPH Dehydrogenase in Plants Is Controlled by Cytosolic pH. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139224. [PMID: 26413894 PMCID: PMC4587368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH is a key reductant carrier that maintains internal redox and antioxidant status, and that links biosynthetic, catabolic and signalling pathways. Plants have a mitochondrial external NADPH oxidation pathway, which depends on Ca2+ and pH in vitro, but concentrations of Ca2+ needed are not known. We have determined the K0.5(Ca2+) of the external NADPH dehydrogenase from Solanum tuberosum mitochondria and membranes of E. coli expressing Arabidopsis thaliana NDB1 over the physiological pH range using O2 and decylubiquinone as electron acceptors. The K0.5(Ca2+) of NADPH oxidation was generally higher than for NADH oxidation, and unlike the latter, it depended on pH. At pH 7.5, K0.5(Ca2+) for NADPH oxidation was high (≈100 μM), yet 20-fold lower K0.5(Ca2+) values were determined at pH 6.8. Lower K0.5(Ca2+) values were observed with decylubiquinone than with O2 as terminal electron acceptor. NADPH oxidation responded to changes in Ca2+ concentrations more rapidly than NADH oxidation did. Thus, cytosolic acidification is an important activator of external NADPH oxidation, by decreasing the Ca2+-requirements for NDB1. The results are discussed in relation to the present knowledge on how whole cell NADPH redox homeostasis is affected in plants modified for the NDB1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shu Hao
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Yun-Jun Liu
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gao Y, Zhou H, Chen J, Jiang X, Tao S, Wu J, Zhang S. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by cytoplasmic acidification results in pollen tube growth cessation in Pyrus pyrifolia. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:603-15. [PMID: 25135193 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The length of pollen tubes grown in synthetic media is normally shorter than those grown in vivo. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the cessation of pollen tube growth under culture conditions remain(s) largely unknown. Here, we report a previously unknown correlation between vacuolar function and the cell's ability to sustain mitochondrial functions in pear pollen tubes. The pear pollen tubes in vitro grew slowly after 15 hours post-cultured (HPC) and nearly ceased growth at 18 HPC. There was increased malondialdehyde content and membrane ion leakage at 15 HPC compared with 12 HPC. Furthermore, cytoplasmic acidification mainly mediated by decreased vacuolar H(+)-ATPase [V-ATPase, Enzyme Commission (EC) 3.6.1.3] activity was observed in pollen tubes after 15 HPC, and this further resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial structure disruption, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and decreases in both oxygen consumption and ATP production. Our findings suggest that vacuoles and mitochondria intimately linked in regulating pollen tube elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Gao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cai G, Parrotta L, Cresti M. Organelle trafficking, the cytoskeleton, and pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:63-78. [PMID: 25263392 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is fundamental for the reproduction of seed plants. Characteristically, it grows relatively quickly and uni-directionally ("polarized growth") to extend the male gametophyte to reach the female gametophyte. The pollen tube forms a channel through which the sperm cells move so that they can reach their targets in the ovule. To grow quickly and directionally, the pollen tube requires an intense movement of organelles and vesicles that allows the cell's contents to be distributed to sustain the growth rate. While the various organelles distribute more or less uniformly within the pollen tube, Golgi-released secretory vesicles accumulate massively at the pollen tube apex, that is, the growing region. This intense movement of organelles and vesicles is dependent on the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, which reorganizes differentially in response to external signals and coordinates membrane trafficking with the growth rate of pollen tubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rounds CM, Hepler PK, Winship LJ. The apical actin fringe contributes to localized cell wall deposition and polarized growth in the lily pollen tube. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:139-51. [PMID: 25037212 PMCID: PMC4149702 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.242974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In lily (Lilium formosanum) pollen tubes, pectin, a major component of the cell wall, is delivered through regulated exocytosis. The targeted transport and secretion of the pectin-containing vesicles may be controlled by the cortical actin fringe at the pollen tube apex. Here, we address the role of the actin fringe using three different inhibitors of growth: brefeldin A, latrunculin B, and potassium cyanide. Brefeldin A blocks membrane trafficking and inhibits exocytosis in pollen tubes; it also leads to the degradation of the actin fringe and the formation of an aggregate of filamentous actin at the base of the clear zone. Latrunculin B, which depolymerizes filamentous actin, markedly slows growth but allows focused pectin deposition to continue. Of note, the locus of deposition shifts frequently and correlates with changes in the direction of growth. Finally, potassium cyanide, an electron transport chain inhibitor, briefly stops growth while causing the actin fringe to completely disappear. Pectin deposition continues but lacks focus, instead being delivered in a wide arc across the pollen tube tip. These data support a model in which the actin fringe contributes to the focused secretion of pectin to the apical cell wall and, thus, to the polarized growth of the pollen tube.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Rounds
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (C.M.R., P.K.H.); andSchool of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (L.J.W.)
| | - Peter K Hepler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (C.M.R., P.K.H.); andSchool of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (L.J.W.)
| | - Lawrence J Winship
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (C.M.R., P.K.H.); andSchool of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (L.J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou Q, Jia J, Huang X, Yan X, Cheng L, Chen S, Li X, Peng X, Liu G. The large-scale investigation of gene expression in Leymus chinensis stigmas provides a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms of poaceae self-incompatibility. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:399. [PMID: 24886329 PMCID: PMC4045969 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Poaceae species show a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system, which is controlled by at least two independent and multiallelic loci, S and Z. Until currently, the gene products for S and Z were unknown. Grass SI plant stigmas discriminate between pollen grains that land on its surface and support compatible pollen tube growth and penetration into the stigma, whereas recognizing incompatible pollen and thus inhibiting pollination behaviors. Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. (sheepgrass) is a Poaceae SI species. A comprehensive analysis of sheepgrass stigma transcriptome may provide valuable information for understanding the mechanism of pollen-stigma interactions and grass SI. RESULTS The transcript abundance profiles of mature stigmas, mature ovaries and leaves were examined using high-throughput next generation sequencing technology. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of these tissues identified 1,025 specifically or preferentially expressed genes in sheepgrass stigmas. These genes contained a significant proportion of genes predicted to function in cell-cell communication and signal transduction. We identified 111 putative transcription factors (TFs) genes and the most abundant groups were MYB, C2H2, C3H, FAR1, MADS. Comparative analysis of the sheepgrass, rice and Arabidopsis stigma-specific or preferential datasets showed broad similarities and some differences in the proportion of genes in the Gene Ontology (GO) functional categories. Potential SI candidate genes identified in other grasses were also detected in the sheepgrass stigma-specific or preferential dataset. Quantitative real-time PCR experiments validated the expression pattern of stigma preferential genes including homologous grass SI candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first large-scale investigation of gene expression in the stigmas of an SI grass species. We uncovered many notable genes that are potentially involved in pollen-stigma interactions and SI mechanisms, including genes encoding receptor-like protein kinases (RLK), CBL (calcineurin B-like proteins) interacting protein kinases, calcium-dependent protein kinase, expansins, pectinesterase, peroxidases and various transcription factors. The availability of a pool of stigma-specific or preferential genes for L. chinensis offers an opportunity to elucidate the mechanisms of SI in Poaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zhou
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Junting Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Xing Huang
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | | | - Liqin Cheng
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Xianjun Peng
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Gongshe Liu
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bykova NV, Møller IM, Gardeström P, Igamberdiev AU. The function of glycine decarboxylase complex is optimized to maintain high photorespiratory flux via buffering of its reaction products. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:357-64. [PMID: 24444663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of glycine in photorespiratory pathway is the major flux through mitochondria of C3 plants in the light. It sustains increased intramitochondrial concentrations of NADH and NADPH, which are required to engage the internal rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and the alternative oxidase. We discuss here possible mechanisms of high photorespiratory flux maintenance in mitochondria and suggest that it is fulfilled under conditions where the concentrations of glycine decarboxylase reaction products NADH and CO2 achieve an equilibrium provided by malate dehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase, respectively. This results in the removal of these products from the glycine decarboxylase multienzyme active sites and in the maintenance of their concentrations at levels sufficiently low to prevent substrate inhibition of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Bykova
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - Ian M Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Per Gardeström
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Henty-Ridilla JL, Li J, Day B, Staiger CJ. ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR4 regulates actin dynamics during innate immune signaling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:340-52. [PMID: 24464292 PMCID: PMC3963580 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on cells of plants and animals. MAMP perception typically triggers rearrangements to actin cytoskeletal arrays during innate immune signaling. However, the signaling cascades linking PRR activation by MAMPs to cytoskeleton remodeling are not well characterized. Here, we developed a system to dissect, at high spatial and temporal resolution, the regulation of actin dynamics during innate immune signaling in plant cells. Within minutes of MAMP perception, we detected changes to single actin filament turnover in epidermal cells treated with bacterial and fungal MAMPs. These MAMP-induced alterations phenocopied an ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR4 (ADF4) knockout mutant. Moreover, actin arrays in the adf4 mutant were unresponsive to a bacterial MAMP, elf26, but responded normally to the fungal MAMP, chitin. Together, our data provide strong genetic and cytological evidence for the inhibition of ADF activity regulating actin remodeling during innate immune signaling. This work is the first to directly link an ADF/cofilin to the cytoskeletal rearrangements elicited directly after pathogen perception in plant or mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiejie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-6254
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064
- The Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Selinski J, Scheibe R. Pollen tube growth: where does the energy come from? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e977200. [PMID: 25482752 PMCID: PMC4622831 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.977200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the energy metabolism during pollen maturation and tube growth and updates current knowledge. Pollen tube growth is essential for male reproductive success and extremely fast. Therefore, pollen development and tube growth are high energy-demanding processes. During the last years, various publications (including research papers and reviews) emphasize the importance of mitochondrial respiration and fermentation during male gametogenesis and pollen tube elongation. These pathways obviously contribute to satisfy the high energy demand, and there are many studies which suggest that respiration and fermentation are the only pathways to generate the needed energy. Here, we review data which show for the first time that in addition plastidial glycolysis and the balancing of the ATP/NAD(P)H ratio (by malate valves and NAD(+) biosynthesis) contribute to satisfy the energy demand during pollen development. Although the importance of energy generation by plastids was discounted during the last years (possibly due to the controversial opinion about their existence in pollen grains and pollen tubes), the available data underline their prime role during pollen maturation and tube growth.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- 2-PGA, 2-phosphoglycerate
- 3-PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate
- ACS, acetyl-CoA synthase
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- AOX, alternative oxidase
- BPGA, bisphosphoglyceric acid
- ENO, enolase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GOGAT, glutamate synthase
- GPT, G-6-P/phosphate translocators
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- MDH, malate dehydrogenase
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate kinase
- NMNAT, nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase
- NTT, ATP/ADP transporters
- OAA, oxaloacetate
- OPP, oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway
- PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase
- PGDH, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- PK, pyruvate kinase
- PPSB, phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis
- PPT, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator
- PSP, phosphoserine phosphatase
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPOT, T3/T7 phage-type RNA polymerases
- T, malate/oxaloacetate translocator
- TP, triose phosphate.
- energy metabolism
- malate
- plastidial glycolysis
- pollen tube growth
- respiration
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence to: Renate Scheibe;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Boisson-Dernier A, Lituiev DS, Nestorova A, Franck CM, Thirugnanarajah S, Grossniklaus U. ANXUR receptor-like kinases coordinate cell wall integrity with growth at the pollen tube tip via NADPH oxidases. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001719. [PMID: 24302886 PMCID: PMC3841104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen tubes grow extremely rapidly to effect fertilization in plants. ANXUR receptor-like kinases facilitate this growth by linking the intracellular growth machinery of pollen tubes to the status of the extracellular matrix via H2O2 and Ca2+ signaling. It has become increasingly apparent that the extracellular matrix (ECM), which in plants corresponds to the cell wall, can influence intracellular activities in ways that go far beyond their supposedly passive mechanical support. In plants, growing cells use mechanisms sensing cell wall integrity to coordinate cell wall performance with the internal growth machinery to avoid growth cessation or loss of integrity. How this coordination precisely works is unknown. Previously, we reported that in the tip-growing pollen tube the ANXUR receptor-like kinases (RLKs) of the CrRLK1L subfamily are essential to sustain growth without loss of cell wall integrity in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that over-expression of the ANXUR RLKs inhibits growth by over-activating exocytosis and the over-accumulation of secreted cell wall material. Moreover, the characterization of mutations in two partially redundant pollen-expressed NADPH oxidases coupled with genetic interaction studies demonstrate that the ANXUR RLKs function upstream of these NADPH oxidases. Using the H2O2-sensitive HyPer and the Ca2+-sensitive YC3.60 sensors in NADPH oxidase-deficient mutants, we reveal that NADPH oxidases generate tip-localized, pulsating H2O2 production that functions, possibly through Ca2+ channel activation, to maintain a steady tip-focused Ca2+ gradient during growth. Our findings support a model where ECM-sensing receptors regulate reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and exocytosis to coordinate ECM-performance with the internal growth machinery. Tip-growing cells, such as plant root hairs and pollen tubes or fungal hyphae, are characterized by a tip-focused Ca2+ gradient. These tip-growing cells tightly coordinate the loosening and pressure-driven deformation of their extracellular matrix (ECM)—the cell wall in plant cells—by locally adding new membrane and cell wall materials. In pollen tubes, which grow at amazing speeds to effect fertilization in plants, a class of kinases called the ANXUR receptor-like kinases (RLKs) sense perturbations in cell wall integrity, and their loss leads to pollen tube rupture. Here, we gain new insights into the mechanism of cell wall surveillance by these RLKs in the model plant Arabidopsis. We show that over-expressing ANXUR RLKs over-activates exocytosis, causing an over-accumulation of secreted cell wall material that eventually leads to growth arrest. Moreover, we find that the ANXUR RLKs function upstream of NADPH oxidases, which are membrane-anchored enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using H2O2- and Ca2+-sensitive reporters, we show that NADPH oxidases generate tip-localized H2O2 production, which is required to maintain a steady, tip-focused Ca2+ gradient that is essential for pollen tube growth. We postulate that ECM-sensing receptors, such as the ANXUR RLKs, regulate ROS production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and exocytosis to coordinate the status of the ECM with the cell's internal growth machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Boisson-Dernier
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABD); (UG)
| | - Dmytro S. Lituiev
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Nestorova
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Maria Franck
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sharme Thirugnanarajah
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABD); (UG)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang Y, Chen ZH, Zhang B, Hills A, Blatt MR. PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid receptors regulate K+ and Cl- channels through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane of intact Arabidopsis guard cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:566-77. [PMID: 23899646 PMCID: PMC3793038 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.219758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the START family of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors places these proteins at the front of a protein kinase/phosphatase signal cascade that promotes stomatal closure. The connection of these receptors to Ca(2+) signals evoked by ABA has proven more difficult to resolve, although it has been implicated by studies of the pyrbactin-insensitive pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 quadruple mutant. One difficulty is that flux through plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) release from endomembrane stores coordinately elevate cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in guard cells, and both processes are facilitated by ABA. Here, we describe a method for recording Ca(2+) channels at the plasma membrane of intact guard cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We have used this method to resolve the loss of ABA-evoked Ca(2+) channel activity at the plasma membrane in the pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 mutant and show the consequent suppression of [Ca(2+)]i increases in vivo. The basal activity of Ca(2+) channels was not affected in the mutant; raising the concentration of Ca(2+) outside was sufficient to promote Ca(2+) entry, to inactivate current carried by inward-rectifying K(+) channels and to activate current carried by the anion channels, both of which are sensitive to [Ca(2+)]i elevations. However, the ABA-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was impaired. Adding the ROS hydrogen peroxide was sufficient to activate the Ca(2+) channels and trigger stomatal closure in the mutant. These results offer direct evidence of PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor coupling to the activation by ABA of plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels through ROS, thus affecting [Ca(2+)]i and its regulation of stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Y.W., Z.-H.C., B.Z., A.H., M.R.B.); and
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (Z.-H.C.)
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Y.W., Z.-H.C., B.Z., A.H., M.R.B.); and
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (Z.-H.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Obermeyer G, Fragner L, Lang V, Weckwerth W. Dynamic adaption of metabolic pathways during germination and growth of lily pollen tubes after inhibition of the electron transport chain. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:1822-33. [PMID: 23660836 PMCID: PMC3729764 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.219857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the metabolome and the transcriptome of pollen of lily (Lilium longiflorum) gave a comprehensive overview of metabolic pathways active during pollen germination and tube growth. More than 100 different metabolites were determined simultaneously by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and expressed genes of selected metabolic pathways were identified by next-generation sequencing of lily pollen transcripts. The time-dependent changes in metabolite abundances, as well as the changes after inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, revealed a fast and dynamic adaption of the metabolic pathways in the range of minutes. The metabolic state prior to pollen germination differed clearly from the metabolic state during pollen tube growth, as indicated by principal component analysis of all detected metabolites and by detailed observation of individual metabolites. For instance, the amount of sucrose increased during the first 60 minutes of pollen culture but decreased during tube growth, while glucose and fructose showed the opposite behavior. Glycolysis, tricarbonic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, starch, and fatty acid degradation were activated, providing energy during pollen germination and tube growth. Inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain by antimycin A resulted in an immediate production of ethanol and a fast rearrangement of metabolic pathways, which correlated with changes in the amounts of the majority of identified metabolites, e.g. a rapid increase in γ-aminobutyric acid indicated the activation of a γ-aminobutyric acid shunt in the tricarbonic acid cycle, while ethanol fermentation compensated the reduced ATP production after inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Obermeyer
- Molecular Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|