1
|
Guo AY, Wu WQ, Bai D, Li Y, Xie J, Guo S, Song CP. Recruitment of HAB1 and SnRK2.2 by C2-domain protein CAR1 in plasma membrane ABA signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:237-251. [PMID: 38597817 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM)-associated abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction is an important component of ABA signaling. The C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins have been reported to play a crucial role in recruiting ABA receptor PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) to the PM. However, the molecular details of the involvement of CAR proteins in membrane-delimited ABA signal transduction remain unclear. For instance, where this response process takes place and whether any additional members besides PYL are taking part in this signaling process. Here, the GUS-tagged materials for all Arabidopsis CAR members were used to comprehensively visualize the extensive expression patterns of the CAR family genes. Based on the representativeness of CAR1 in response to ABA, we determined to use it as a target to study the function of CAR proteins in PM-associated ABA signaling. Single-particle tracking showed that ABA affected the spatiotemporal dynamics of CAR1. The presence of ABA prolonged the dwell time of CAR1 on the membrane and showed faster lateral mobility. Surprisingly, we verified that CAR1 could directly recruit hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1) and SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2 (SnRK2.2) to the PM at both the bulk and single-molecule levels. Furthermore, PM localization of CAR1 was demonstrated to be related to membrane microdomains. Collectively, our study revealed that CARs recruited the three main components of ABA signaling to the PM to respond positively to ABA. This study deepens our understanding of ABA signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Di Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan G, Nong T, Hunpatin OS, Shi C, Su X, Wang Q, Liu H, Dai P, Ning Y. Research Progress on Plant Shaker K + Channels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1423. [PMID: 38794493 PMCID: PMC11125005 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are driven by intricate processes, with the cell membrane serving as a crucial interface between cells and their external environment. Maintaining balance and signal transduction across the cell membrane is essential for cellular stability and a host of life processes. Ion channels play a critical role in regulating intracellular ion concentrations and potentials. Among these, K+ channels on plant cell membranes are of paramount importance. The research of Shaker K+ channels has become a paradigm in the study of plant ion channels. This study offers a comprehensive overview of advancements in Shaker K+ channels, including insights into protein structure, function, regulatory mechanisms, and research techniques. Investigating Shaker K+ channels has enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing ion absorption and transport in plant cells. This knowledge offers invaluable guidance for enhancing crop yields and improving resistance to environmental stressors. Moreover, an extensive review of research methodologies in Shaker K+ channel studies provides essential reference solutions for researchers, promoting further advancements in ion channel research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oluwaseyi Setonji Hunpatin
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Peigang Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Zhao N, Sun H, Xu S, Lu Y, Xi H, Guo Z, Shi H. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Molecular Responses to Salt Stress in Common Vetch ( Vicia sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:714. [PMID: 38475559 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an important annual diploid leguminous forage. In the present study, transcriptomic profiling in common vetch in response to salt stress was conducted using a salt-tolerant line (460) and a salt-sensitive line (429). The common responses in common vetch and the specific responses associated with salt tolerance in 460 were analyzed. Several KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including plant hormone and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, galactose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid phenylpropane biosynthesis, were enriched in both lines, though some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed distinct expression patterns. The roots in 460 showed higher levels of lignin than in 429. α-linolenic acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, the photosynthesis-antenna pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were specifically enriched in salt-tolerant line 460, with higher levels of accumulated soluble sugars in the leaves. In addition, higher transcript levels of genes involved in ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were observed in 460 than in 429 in response to salt stress. The transcriptomic analysis in common vetch in response to salt stress provides useful clues for further investigations on salt tolerance mechanism in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haojie Xi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifan Shi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Yang Q, Huang H, Guo Y, Sun Q, Guo Z, Shi H. Overexpression of PvWAK3 from seashore paspalum increases salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis via maintenance of ion and ROS homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108337. [PMID: 38199027 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz) is an important warm-season turfgrass species with extreme salt tolerance, but investigations on its salt tolerance mechanism are limited. A salt induced PvWAK3 from halophyte seashore paspalum was identified in this study. Overexpression of PvWAK3 in Arabidopsis led to increased salt tolerance. Transgenic plants had higher levels of seed germination rate, root length, number of lateral roots, shoot weight, survival rate, Fv/Fm, ETR, and NPQ compared with the wild type (WT) under salt stress. Na+ content was increased and K+ content was decreased after salinity treatment, with lower levels of Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio but higher level of K+ in transgenic plants than in WT under salt stress. The improved maintenance of Na+ and K+ homeostasis was associated with the higher transcript levels of K + -Uptake Permease 4 (KUP4), Potassium Transport 2/3 (AKT2), Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) and High-Affinity K + Transporter 5 (HAK5) in transgenic plants compared with WT. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) activities, proline concentration, and P5CS1 transcript were increased after salinity treatment, with higher levels in transgenic lines compared with WT, which led to reduced accumulation of O2·- and H2O2 under salt stress. It is suggested that PvWAK3 regulates salt tolerance positively, which is associated with promoted Na+ and K+ homeostasis, activated antioxidant enzymes, and proline biosynthesis under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hanmei Huang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yawen Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qiguo Sun
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China.
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haifan Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pahuja S, Bheri M, Bisht D, Pandey GK. Calcium signalling components underlying NPK homeostasis: potential avenues for exploration. Biochem J 2023; 480:1015-1034. [PMID: 37418287 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants require the major macronutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for normal growth and development. Their deficiency in soil directly affects vital cellular processes, particularly root growth and architecture. Their perception, uptake and assimilation are regulated by complex signalling pathways. To overcome nutrient deficiencies, plants have developed certain response mechanisms that determine developmental and physiological adaptations. The signal transduction pathways underlying these responses involve a complex interplay of components such as nutrient transporters, transcription factors and others. In addition to their involvement in cross-talk with intracellular calcium signalling pathways, these components are also engaged in NPK sensing and homeostasis. The NPK sensing and homeostatic mechanisms hold the key to identify and understand the crucial players in nutrient regulatory networks in plants under both abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss calcium signalling components/pathways underlying plant responses to NPK sensing, with a focus on the sensors, transporters and transcription factors involved in their respective signalling and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Pahuja
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Diksha Bisht
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui C, Feng L, Zhou C, Wan H, Zhou B. Transcriptome Revealed GhPP2C43-A Negatively Regulates Salinity Tolerance in an Introgression Line from a Semi-wild Upland Cotton. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023:pcad036. [PMID: 37115634 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt damage is one of the major threats to sustainable cotton production owing to the limited arable land in China mainly occupied by the production of staple food crops. Salt-stress tolerant cotton varieties are lacking in production and, the mechanisms underpinning salt-stress tolerance in cotton remain enigmatic. Here, DM37, an intraspecific introgression line from G. hirsutum race yucatanense acc TX-1046 into the G. hirsutum acc TM-1 background, was found to be highly tolerant to salt stress. Its seed germination rate and germination potential were significantly higher than the recipient TM-1 under salt stress. Physiological analysis showed DM37 had higher proline content and Peroxidase activity, as well as lower Na+/K+ ratios at the seedling stage, consistent with higher seedling survival rate after durable salt stress. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that responsive patterns to salt stress in DM37 were different from TM-1. Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) demonstrated that co-expression modules associated with salt stress in DM37 also differed from TM-1. Out of them, GhPP2C43-A, a phosphatase gene, exhibited negative regulation of salt-stress tolerance verified by VIGS and transgenic Arabidopsis. Gene expression showed GhPP2C43-A in TM-1 was induced by durable salt stress but not in DM37 probably attributing to the variation of cis-element in its promoter, thereby being conferred different salt-stress tolerance. Our result would provide new genes/germplasms from semi-wild cotton in salt-stress tolerant cotton breeding. This study would give us new insights into the mechanisms underpinning the salt-stress tolerance in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liuchun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saini LK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Protein phosphatases and their targets: Comprehending the interactions in plant signaling pathways. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:307-370. [PMID: 36858740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a vital reversible post-translational modification. This process is established by two classes of enzymes: protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins while protein phosphatases dephosphorylate phosphorylated proteins, thus, functioning as 'critical regulators' in signaling pathways. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases are classified as phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) specific phosphatases (STPs) that dephosphorylate Ser and Thr residues. The PTP family dephosphorylates Tyr residues while dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. The composition of these enzymes as well as their substrate specificity are important determinants of their functional significance in a number of cellular processes and stress responses. Their role in animal systems is well-understood and characterized. The functional characterization of protein phosphatases has been extensively covered in plants, although the comprehension of their mechanistic basis is an ongoing pursuit. The nature of their interactions with other key players in the signaling process is vital to our understanding. The substrates or targets determine their potential as well as magnitude of the impact they have on signaling pathways. In this article, we exclusively overview the various substrates of protein phosphatases in plant signaling pathways, which are a critical determinant of the outcome of various developmental and stress stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pi K, Luo W, Mo Z, Duan L, Ke Y, Wang P, Zeng S, Huang Y, Liu R. Overdominant expression of related genes of ion homeostasis improves K + content advantage in hybrid tobacco leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 35820807 PMCID: PMC9277951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium(K+) plays a vital role in improving the quality of tobacco leaves. However, how to improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves has always been a difficult problem in tobacco planting. K+ content in tobacco hybrid is characterized by heterosis, which can improve the quality of tobacco leaves, but its underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Through a two-year field experiment, G70×GDH11 with strong heterosis and K326×GDH11 with weak heterosis were screened out. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 80.89% and 57.28% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the strong and weak heterosis combinations exhibited an overdominant expression pattern, respectively. The genes that up-regulated the overdominant expression in the strong heterosis hybrids were significantly enriched in the ion homeostasis. Genes involved in K+ transport (KAT1/2, GORK, AKT2, and KEA3), activity regulation complex (CBL-CIPK5/6), and vacuole (TPKs) genes were overdominant expressed in strong heterosis hybrids, which contributed to K+ homeostasis and heterosis in tobacco leaves. CONCLUSIONS K+ homeostasis and accumulation in tobacco hybrids were collectively improved. The overdominant expression of K+ transport and homeostasis-related genes conducted a crucial role in the heterosis of K+ content in tobacco leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pi
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Mo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Ke
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Pingsong Wang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuaibo Zeng
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
| | - Renxiang Liu
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miao R, Russinova E, Rodriguez PL. Tripartite hormonal regulation of plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:588-600. [PMID: 35034860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme activity of the plasma membrane (PM) proton pump, well known as arabidopsis PM H+-ATPase (AHA) in the model plant arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is controlled by phosphorylation. Three different classes of phytohormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin regulate plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli, at least in part by modulating the activity of the pump through phosphorylation of the penultimate Thr residue in its carboxyl terminus. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding this tripartite hormonal AHA regulation and highlight mechanisms of activation and deactivation, as well as the significance of hormonal crosstalk. Understanding the complexity of PM H+-ATPase regulation in plants might provide new strategies for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang R, Dong Q, Zhao P, Eickelkamp A, Ma C, He G, Li F, Wallrad L, Becker T, Li Z, Kudla J, Tian X. The potassium channel GhAKT2bD is regulated by CBL-CIPK calcium signaling complexes and facilitates K + allocation in cotton. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1904-1920. [PMID: 35561107 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient allocation of the essential nutrient potassium (K+ ) is a central determinant of plant ion homeostasis and involves AKT2 K+ channels. Here, we characterize four AKT2 K+ channels from cotton and report that xylem and phloem expressed GhAKT2bD facilitates K+ allocation and that AKT2-silencing impairs plant growth and development. We uncover kinase activity-dependent activation of GhAKT2bD-mediated K+ uptake by AtCBL4-GhCIPK1 calcium signaling complexes in HEK293T cells. Moreover, AtCBL4-AtCIPK6 complexes known to convey activation of AtAKT2 in Arabidopsis also activate cotton GhAKT2bD in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings reveal an essential role for AKT2 in the source-sink allocation of K+ in cotton and identify GhAKT2bD as subject to complex regulation by CBL-CIPK Ca2+ sensor-kinase complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiuyan Dong
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anna Eickelkamp
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Chunmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gefeng He
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lukas Wallrad
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Becker
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Structural and Functional Insights into the Role of Guard Cell Ion Channels in Abiotic Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122774. [PMID: 34961246 PMCID: PMC8707303 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal pore is formed by a pair of specialized guard cells and serves as a major gateway for water transpiration and atmospheric CO2 influx for photosynthesis in plants. These pores must be tightly controlled, as inadequate CO2 intake and excessive water loss are devastating for plants. When the plants are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high CO2 levels, O3, low air humidity, and drought, the turgor pressure of the guard cells exhibits an appropriate response against these stresses, which leads to stomatal closure. This phenomenon involves a complex network of ion channels and their regulation. It is well-established that the turgor pressure of guard cells is regulated by ions transportation across the membrane, such as anions and potassium ions. In this review, the guard cell ion channels are discussed, highlighting the structure and functions of key ion channels; the SLAC1 anion channel and KAT1 potassium channel, and their regulatory components, emphasizing their significance in guard cell response to various stimuli.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lefoulon C. The bare necessities of plant K+ channel regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2092-2109. [PMID: 34618033 PMCID: PMC8644596 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) channels serve a wide range of functions in plants from mineral nutrition and osmotic balance to turgor generation for cell expansion and guard cell aperture control. Plant K+ channels are members of the superfamily of voltage-dependent K+ channels, or Kv channels, that include the Shaker channels first identified in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Kv channels have been studied in depth over the past half century and are the best-known of the voltage-dependent channels in plants. Like the Kv channels of animals, the plant Kv channels are regulated over timescales of milliseconds by conformational mechanisms that are commonly referred to as gating. Many aspects of gating are now well established, but these channels still hold some secrets, especially when it comes to the control of gating. How this control is achieved is especially important, as it holds substantial prospects for solutions to plant breeding with improved growth and water use efficiencies. Resolution of the structure for the KAT1 K+ channel, the first channel from plants to be crystallized, shows that many previous assumptions about how the channels function need now to be revisited. Here, I strip the plant Kv channels bare to understand how they work, how they are gated by voltage and, in some cases, by K+ itself, and how the gating of these channels can be regulated by the binding with other protein partners. Each of these features of plant Kv channels has important implications for plant physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang YN, Yang SY, Li JL, Wang SF, Wang JJ, Hao DL, Su YH. The rectification control and physiological relevance of potassium channel OsAKT2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2296-2310. [PMID: 34601582 PMCID: PMC8644434 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AKT2 potassium (K+) channels are members of the plant Shaker family which mediate dual-directional K+ transport with weak voltage-dependency. Here we show that OsAKT2 of rice (Oryza sativa) functions mainly as an inward rectifier with strong voltage-dependency and acutely suppressed outward activity. This is attributed to the presence of a unique K191 residue in the S4 domain. The typical bi-directional leak-like property was restored by a single K191R mutation, indicating that this functional distinction is an intrinsic characteristic of OsAKT2. Furthermore, the opposite R195K mutation of AtAKT2 changed the channel to an inward-rectifier similar to OsAKT2. OsAKT2 was modulated by OsCBL1/OsCIPK23, evoking the outward activity and diminishing the inward current. The physiological relevance in relation to the rectification diversity of OsAKT2 was addressed by functional assembly in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) akt2 mutant. Overexpression (OE) of OsAKT2 complemented the K+ deficiency in the phloem sap and leaves of the mutant plants but did not significantly contribute to the transport of sugars. However, the expression of OsAKT2-K191R overcame both the shortage of phloem K+ and sucrose of the akt2 mutant, which was comparable to the effects of the OE of AtAKT2, while the expression of the inward mutation AtAKT2-R195K resembled the effects of OsAKT2. Additionally, OE of OsAKT2 ameliorated the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun-Lin Li
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264002, China
| | - Shao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jia-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Y, Zhang JB, Wei N, Liu ZH, Li Y, Zheng Y, Li XB. A type-2C protein phosphatase (GhDRP1) participates in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to drought stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:499-517. [PMID: 34596817 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GhDRP1 acts as a negatively regulator to participate in response to drought stress possibly by modulating ABA signaling pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which affects stomata movement and thus water loss, ROS scavenging enzymes, and proline accumulation in cotton. Type-2C protein phosphatases (PP2C) may play important roles in plant stress signal transduction. Here, we show the evidence that a cotton PP2C protein GhDRP1 participates in plant response to drought stress. GhDRP1 gene encodes an active type-2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) and its expression is significantly induced in cotton by drought stress. Compared with wild type, the GhDRP1 overexpression (OE) transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis displayed reduced drought tolerance, whereas GhDRP1-silenced (RNAi) cotton showed enhanced drought tolerance. Under drought stress, malondialdehyde content was lower, whereas superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, proline content, stomata closure and relative water content were higher in GhDRP1 RNAi plants compared with those in wild type. In contrast, GhDRP1 OE plants showed the opposite phenotype under the same conditions. Expression levels of some stress-related and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were altered in GhDRP1 transgenic plants under drought stress. Additionally, GhDRP1 protein could interact with other proteins such as PYLs, SNF1-related protein kinase and GLK1-like protein. Collectively, these data suggest that GhDRP1 participates in plant response to drought stress possibly by modulating ABA signaling pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which affects stomata movement and thus water loss, ROS scavenging enzymes, and proline accumulation in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lhamo D, Wang C, Gao Q, Luan S. Recent Advances in Genome-wide Analyses of Plant Potassium Transporter Families. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:164-180. [PMID: 34975289 PMCID: PMC8640845 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210225083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants require potassium (K+) as a macronutrient to support numerous physiological processes. Understanding how this nutrient is transported, stored, and utilized within plants is crucial for breeding crops with high K+ use efficiency. As K+ is not metabolized, cross-membrane transport becomes a rate-limiting step for efficient distribution and utilization in plants. Several K+ transporter families, such as KUP/HAK/KT and KEA transporters and Shaker-like and TPK channels, play dominant roles in plant K+ transport processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive contemporary overview of our knowledge about these K+ transporter families in angiosperms, with a major focus on the genome-wide identification of K+ transporter families, subcellular localization, spatial expression, function and regulation. We also expanded the genome-wide search for the K+ transporter genes and examined their tissue-specific expression in Camelina sativa, a polyploid oil-seed crop with a potential to adapt to marginal lands for biofuel purposes and contribution to sustainable agriculture. In addition, we present new insights and emphasis on the study of K+ transporters in polyploids in an effort to generate crops with high K+ Utilization Efficiency (KUE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ubiquitylation of ABA Receptors and Protein Phosphatase 2C Coreceptors to Modulate ABA Signaling and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137103. [PMID: 34281157 PMCID: PMC8268412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications play a fundamental role in regulating protein function and stability. In particular, protein ubiquitylation is a multifaceted modification involved in numerous aspects of plant biology. Landmark studies connected the ATP-dependent ubiquitylation of substrates to their degradation by the 26S proteasome; however, nonproteolytic functions of the ubiquitin (Ub) code are also crucial to regulate protein interactions, activity, and localization. Regarding proteolytic functions of Ub, Lys-48-linked branched chains are the most common chain type for proteasomal degradation, whereas promotion of endocytosis and vacuolar degradation is triggered through monoubiquitylation or Lys63-linked chains introduced in integral or peripheral plasma membrane proteins. Hormone signaling relies on regulated protein turnover, and specifically the half-life of ABA signaling components is regulated both through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system and the endocytic/vacuolar degradation pathway. E3 Ub ligases have been reported that target different ABA signaling core components, i.e., ABA receptors, PP2Cs, SnRK2s, and ABFs/ABI5 transcription factors. In this review, we focused specifically on the ubiquitylation of ABA receptors and PP2C coreceptors, as well as other post-translational modifications of ABA receptors (nitration and phosphorylation) that result in their ubiquitination and degradation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chu M, Chen P, Meng S, Xu P, Lan W. The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C49 negatively regulates salt tolerance through inhibition of AtHKT1;1. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:528-542. [PMID: 32877013 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are the largest protein phosphatase family. PP2Cs dephosphorylate substrates for signaling in Arabidopsis, but the functions of most PP2Cs remain unknown. Here, we characterized PP2C49 (AT3G62260, a Group G PP2C), which regulates Na+ distribution under salt stress and is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. PP2C49 was highly expressed in root vascular tissues and its disruption enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress. Compared with wild type, the pp2c49 mutant contained more Na+ in roots but less Na+ in shoots and xylem sap, suggesting that PP2C49 regulates shoot Na+ extrusion. Reciprocal grafting revealed a root-based mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of pp2c49. Systemic Na+ distribution largely depends on AtHKT1;1 and loss of function of AtHKT1;1 in the pp2c49 background overrode the salt tolerance of pp2c49, resulting in salt sensitivity. Furthermore, compared with plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the wild-type background, plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the athtk1;1 mutant background were sensitive to salt, like the athtk1;1 mutants. Moreover, protein-protein interaction and two-voltage clamping assays demonstrated that PP2C49 physically interacts with AtHKT1;1 and inhibits the Na+ permeability of AtHKT1;1. This study reveals that PP2C49 negatively regulates AtHKT1;1 activity and thus determines systemic Na+ allocation during salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moli Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pengwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sufang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Chen YF, Wu WH. Potassium and phosphorus transport and signaling in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:34-52. [PMID: 33325114 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the relatively low availability of K and P in soils limits crop production and thus threatens food security and agricultural sustainability. Improvement of plant nutrient utilization efficiency provides a potential route to overcome the effects of K and P deficiencies. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants sense, absorb, transport, and use K and P is an important prerequisite to improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency. In this review, we summarize current understanding of K and P transport and signaling in plants, mainly taking Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) as examples. We also discuss the mechanisms coordinating transport of N and K, as well as P and N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Feng X, Liu W, Qiu C, Zeng F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen Z, Wu F. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 confer drought tolerance in barley through enhanced leaf mesophyll H + homoeostasis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1683-1696. [PMID: 31917885 PMCID: PMC7336388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant K+ uptake typically consists low-affinity mechanisms mediated by Shaker K+ channels (AKT/KAT/KC) and high-affinity mechanisms regulated by HAK/KUP/KT transporters, which are extensively studied. However, the evolutionary and genetic roles of both K+ uptake mechanisms for drought tolerance are not fully explored in crops adapted to dryland agriculture. Here, we employed evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological and electrophysiological approaches to determine the role of two important K+ transporters HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 in drought tolerance in barley. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 were cloned and functionally characterized using barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) in drought-tolerant wild barley XZ5 and agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in the barley cultivar Golden Promise. The hallmarks of the K+ selective filters of AKT2 and HAK1 are both found in homologues from strepotophyte algae, and they are evolutionarily conserved in strepotophyte algae and land plants. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 are both localized to the plasma membrane and have high selectivity to K+ and Rb+ over other tested cations. Overexpression of HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 enhanced K+ uptake and H+ homoeostasis leading to drought tolerance in these transgenic lines. Moreover, HvAKT2- and HvHAK1-overexpressing lines showed distinct response of K+ , H+ and Ca2+ fluxes across plasma membrane and production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in leaves as compared to the wild type and silenced lines. High- and low-affinity K+ uptake mechanisms and their coordination with H+ homoeostasis play essential roles in drought adaptation of wild barley. These findings can potentially facilitate future breeding programs for resilient cereal crops in a changing global climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Wei Qiu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Chen
- School of ScienceHawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain IndustryCollege of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu W, Di Q, Zhang J, Liu J, Shi X. Response of grafting tobacco to low potassium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32571243 PMCID: PMC7310080 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the previous study, we investigated the alleviation effect of grafting on potassium uptake in roots and tobacco growth inhibition under low potassium stress. However, the effect of grafting on the low potassium stress perception and coping mechanism of tobacco at the whole plant level is not clear now. In order to clearly understand the impact of grafting on potassium deficit responding mechanism in tobacco, a mutual grafting experiment has been conducted in two varieties of tobacco ('Wufeng No.2' and 'Yunyan 87') in different K supply level (5 mmol L- 1 and 0.5 mmol L- 1 K). RESULTS The results show that compared with the self-rooted seedlings, grafting significantly increased the potassium content of the whole plant of Yunyan 87 (97.57 and 189.74% under normal potassium and low potassium conditions, respectively), and the increase in shoots was greater. The data of whole plant K content distribution and tobacco hypocotyls net K+ flux demonstrates that potassium stress makes plants more inclined to maintain K+ in the shoot rather than root. In addition, when K deficiency occurs, grafting could reduce the time required for downward net K+ flux in tobacco hypocotyl to decrease to stable levels. The results of net K+ flux in the roots indicated that K channel proteins and transporters play different roles in two rootstocks in terms of potassium tolerance. Transcription level analysis suggested that the increased circulating efficiency of K+ between the shoots and roots in tobacco constitutes one means to low potassium stress adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Grafting can activate more K+ channels in tobacco 'Yunyan 87', this means a more active K+ cycle, higher potassium content in shoot and faster response to low potassium stress signals in grafting tobacco. In addition, grafting can also change the K+ absorption mode of tobacco root from being dominated by HATS to being jointly responsible by HATS and LATS, greatly improving the ability of K+ transmembrane transportation on root surface under low potassium stress. These are undoubtedly the reasons why grafting tobacco performs better in coping with low potassium stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Qing Di
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang L, Takahashi Y, Hsu PK, Kollist H, Merilo E, Krysan PJ, Schroeder JI. FRET kinase sensor development reveals SnRK2/OST1 activation by ABA but not by MeJA and high CO 2 during stomatal closure. eLife 2020; 9:e56351. [PMID: 32463362 PMCID: PMC7289597 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose-non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-2s (SnRK2s) are critical for plant abiotic stress responses, including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Here, we develop a genetically encoded reporter for SnRK2 kinase activity. This sensor, named SNACS, shows an increase in the ratio of yellow to cyan fluorescence emission by OST1/SnRK2.6-mediated phosphorylation of a defined serine residue in SNACS. ABA rapidly increases FRET efficiency in N. benthamiana leaf cells and Arabidopsis guard cells. Interestingly, protein kinase inhibition decreases FRET efficiency in guard cells, providing direct experimental evidence that basal SnRK2 activity prevails in guard cells. Moreover, in contrast to ABA, the stomatal closing stimuli, elevated CO2 and MeJA, did not increase SNACS FRET ratios. These findings and gas exchange analyses of quintuple/sextuple ABA receptor mutants show that stomatal CO2 signaling requires basal ABA and SnRK2 signaling, but not SnRK2 activation. A recent model that CO2 signaling is mediated by PYL4/PYL5 ABA-receptors could not be supported here in two independent labs. We report a potent approach for real-time live-cell investigations of stress signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Patrick J Krysan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shen L, Tian Q, Yang L, Zhang H, Shi Y, Shen Y, Zhou Z, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Phosphatidic acid directly binds with rice potassium channel OsAKT2 to inhibit its activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:649-665. [PMID: 32128922 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plant Shaker K+ channel AtAKT2 has been identified as a weakly rectifying channel that can stabilize membrane potentials to promote photoassimilate phloem loading and translocation. Thus, studies on functional characterization and regulatory mechanisms of AtAKT2-like channels in crops are highly important for improving crop production. Here, we identified the rice OsAKT2 as the ortholog of Arabidopsis AtAKT2, which is primarily expressed in the shoot phloem and localized at the plasma membrane. Using an electrophysiological assay, we found that OsAKT2 operated as a weakly rectifying K+ channel, preventing H+ /sucrose-symport-induced membrane depolarization. Three critical amino acid residues (K193, N206, and S326) are essential to the phosphorylation-mediated gating change of OsAKT2, consistent with the roles of the corresponding sites in AtAKT2. Disruption of OsAKT2 results in delayed growth of rice seedlings under short-day conditions. Interestingly, the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) inhibits OsAKT2-mediated currents (both instantaneous and time-dependent components). Lipid dot-blot assay and liposome-protein binding analysis revealed that PA directly bound with two adjacent arginine residues in the ANK domain of OsAKT2, which is essential to PA-mediated inhibition of OsAKT2. Electrophysiological and phenotypic analyses also showed the PA-mediated inhibition of AtAKT2 and the negative correlation between intrinsic PA level and Arabidopsis growth, suggesting that PA may inhibit AKT2 function to affect plant growth and development. Our results functionally characterize the Shaker K+ channel OsAKT2 and reveal a direct link between phospholipid signaling and plant K+ channel modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quanxiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kumar M, Kesawat MS, Ali A, Lee SC, Gill SS, Kim HU. Integration of Abscisic Acid Signaling with Other Signaling Pathways in Plant Stress Responses and Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E592. [PMID: 31835863 PMCID: PMC6963649 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. Abscisic acid (ABA), an isoprenoid phytohormone, is a critical signaling mediator that regulates diverse biological processes in various organisms. Significant progress has been made in the determination and characterization of key ABA-mediated molecular factors involved in different stress responses, including stomatal closure and developmental processes, such as seed germination and bud dormancy. Since ABA signaling is a complex signaling network that integrates with other signaling pathways, the dissection of its intricate regulatory network is necessary to understand the function of essential regulatory genes involved in ABA signaling. In the present review, we focus on two aspects of ABA signaling. First, we examine the perception of the stress signal (abiotic and biotic) and the response network of ABA signaling components that transduce the signal to the downstream pathway to respond to stress tolerance, regulation of stomata, and ABA signaling component ubiquitination. Second, ABA signaling in plant development processes, such as lateral root growth regulation, seed germination, and flowering time regulation is investigated. Examining such diverse signal integration dynamics could enhance our understanding of the underlying genetic, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of ABA signaling networks in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kumar
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | | | - Asjad Ali
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, East Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
| | | | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dong W, Liu X, Lv J, Gao T, Song Y. The expression of alfalfa MsPP2CA1 gene confers ABA sensitivity and abiotic stress tolerance on Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:176-182. [PMID: 31513951 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although clade A phosphatase 2Cs (PP2CAs) are well known to regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, few members of this family have been identified in alfalfa so far. Here, the isolation and characterization of the gene MsPP2CA1 from alfalfa is described. Its transcription was found to be highly inducible by treatment with abscisic acid, salt, hydrogen peroxide and polyethylene glycol. The constitutive expression of MsPP2CA1 in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings mitigates root growth imposed by either salinity or oxidative stress, while also raising the level of sensitivity to ABA during germination and early seedling development, and promoting stomatal closure. In transgenic plants, many ABA-dependent stress-responsive genes were activated, and the expressions of catalase and peroxidase which involved in reactive oxygen scavenging were promoted. MsPP2CA1 is suggested as a candidate for the genetic manipulation of salinity tolerance in legume species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Xijiang Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Jiao Lv
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Tianxue Gao
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Yuguang Song
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhaskara GB, Wong MM, Verslues PE. The flip side of phospho-signalling: Regulation of protein dephosphorylation and the protein phosphatase 2Cs. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2913-2930. [PMID: 31314921 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key signalling mechanism and has myriad effects on protein function. Phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by protein phosphatases, thus allowing dynamic control of protein phosphorylation. Although this may suggest a straightforward kinase-phosphatase relationship, plant genomes contain five times more kinases than phosphatases. Here, we examine phospho-signalling from a protein phosphatase centred perspective and ask how relatively few phosphatases regulate many phosphorylation sites. The most abundant class of plant phosphatases, the protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs), is surrounded by a web of regulation including inhibitor and activator proteins as well as posttranslational modifications that regulate phosphatase activity, control phosphatase stability, or determine the subcellular locations where the phosphatase is present and active. These mechanisms are best established for the Clade A PP2Cs, which are key components of stress and abscisic acid signalling. We also describe other PP2C clades and illustrate how these phosphatases are highly regulated and involved in a wide range of physiological functions. Together, these examples of multiple layers of phosphatase regulation help explain the unbalanced kinase-phosphatase ratio. Continued use of phosphoproteomics to examine phosphatase targets and phosphatase-kinase relationships will be important for deeper understanding of phosphoproteome regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min May Wong
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Paul E Verslues
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Locascio A, Andrés-Colás N, Mulet JM, Yenush L. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Tool to Investigate Plant Potassium and Sodium Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2133. [PMID: 31052176 PMCID: PMC6539216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium and potassium are two alkali cations abundant in the biosphere. Potassium is essential for plants and its concentration must be maintained at approximately 150 mM in the plant cell cytoplasm including under circumstances where its concentration is much lower in soil. On the other hand, sodium must be extruded from the plant or accumulated either in the vacuole or in specific plant structures. Maintaining a high intracellular K+/Na+ ratio under adverse environmental conditions or in the presence of salt is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis and to avoid toxicity. The baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used to identify and characterize participants in potassium and sodium homeostasis in plants for many years. Its utility resides in the fact that the electric gradient across the membrane and the vacuoles is similar to plants. Most plant proteins can be expressed in yeast and are functional in this unicellular model system, which allows for productive structure-function studies for ion transporting proteins. Moreover, yeast can also be used as a high-throughput platform for the identification of genes that confer stress tolerance and for the study of protein-protein interactions. In this review, we summarize advances regarding potassium and sodium transport that have been discovered using the yeast model system, the state-of-the-art of the available techniques and the future directions and opportunities in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Locascio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nuria Andrés-Colás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nieves-Cordones M, Andrianteranagna M, Cuéllar T, Chérel I, Gibrat R, Boeglin M, Moreau B, Paris N, Verdeil JL, Zimmermann S, Gaillard I. Characterization of the grapevine Shaker K + channel VvK3.1 supports its function in massive potassium fluxes necessary for berry potassium loading and pulvinus-actuated leaf movements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:286-300. [PMID: 30735258 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In grapevine, climate changes lead to increased berry potassium (K+ ) contents that result in must with low acidity. Consequently, wines are becoming 'flat' to the taste, with poor organoleptic properties and low potential aging, resulting in significant economic loss. Precise investigation into the molecular determinants controlling berry K+ accumulation during its development are only now emerging. Here, we report functional characterization by electrophysiology of a new grapevine Shaker-type K+ channel, VvK3.1. The analysis of VvK3.1 expression patterns was performed by qPCR and in situ hybridization. We found that VvK3.1 belongs to the AKT2 channel phylogenetic branch and is a weakly rectifying channel, mediating both inward and outward K+ currents. We showed that VvK3.1 is highly expressed in the phloem and in a unique structure located at the two ends of the petiole, identified as a pulvinus. From the onset of fruit ripening, all data support the role of the VvK3.1 channel in the massive K+ fluxes from the phloem cell cytosol to the berry apoplast during berry K+ loading. Moreover, the high amount of VvK3.1 transcripts detected in the pulvinus strongly suggests a role for this Shaker in the swelling and shrinking of motor cells involved in paraheliotropic leaf movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR1334 AGAP, PHIV-MRI, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémy Gibrat
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Boeglin
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Moreau
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR1334 AGAP, PHIV-MRI, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ragel P, Raddatz N, Leidi EO, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Regulation of K + Nutrition in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:281. [PMID: 30949187 PMCID: PMC6435592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients, potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell sap contributing up to 10% of the dry organic matter. Consequently, K+ constitutes a chief osmoticum to drive cellular expansion and organ movements, such as stomata aperture. Moreover, K+ transport is critical for the control of cytoplasmic and luminal pH in endosomes, regulation of membrane potential, and enzyme activity. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved a large ensemble of K+ transporters with defined functions in nutrient uptake by roots, storage in vacuoles, and ion translocation between tissues and organs. This review describes critical transport proteins governing K+ nutrition, their regulation, and coordinated activity, and summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways activated by K+ starvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O. Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Complex Fine-Tuning of K⁺ Fluxes in Plants in Relation to Osmotic and Ionic Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030715. [PMID: 30736441 PMCID: PMC6387338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main cation in plant cells, potassium plays an essential role in adaptive responses, especially through its involvement in osmotic pressure and membrane potential adjustments. K+ homeostasis must, therefore, be finely controlled. As a result of different abiotic stresses, especially those resulting from global warming, K⁺ fluxes and plant distribution of this ion are disturbed. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key player in responses to these climate stresses. It triggers signaling cascades that ultimately lead to modulation of the activities of K⁺ channels and transporters. After a brief overview of transcriptional changes induced by abiotic stresses, this review deals with the post-translational molecular mechanisms in different plant organs, in Arabidopsis and species of agronomical interest, triggering changes in K⁺ uptake from the soil, K⁺ transport and accumulation throughout the plant, and stomatal regulation. These modifications involve phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms, modifications of targeting, and interactions with regulatory partner proteins. Interestingly, many signaling pathways are common to K⁺ and Cl-/NO3- counter-ion transport systems. These cross-talks are also addressed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Waadt R, Jawurek E, Hashimoto K, Li Y, Scholz M, Krebs M, Czap G, Hong-Hermesdorf A, Hippler M, Grill E, Kudla J, Schumacher K. Modulation of ABA responses by the protein kinase WNK8. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:339-351. [PMID: 30556127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates growth and developmental processes in response to limiting water conditions. ABA functions through a core signaling pathway consisting of PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), and SnRK2-type protein kinases. Other signaling modules might converge with ABA signals through the modulation of core ABA signaling components. We have investigated the role of the protein kinase WNK8 in ABA signaling. WNK8 interacted with PP2CA and PYR1, phosphorylated PYR1 in vitro, and was dephosphorylated by PP2CA. A hypermorphic wnk8-ct Arabidopsis mutant allele suppressed ABA and glucose hypersensitivities of pp2ca-1 mutants during young seedling development, and WNK8 expression in protoplasts suppressed ABA-induced reporter gene expression. We conclude that WNK8 functions as a negative modulator of ABA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Jawurek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gereon Czap
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne Hong-Hermesdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ragel P, Raddatz N, Leidi EO, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Regulation of K + Nutrition in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30949187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients, potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell sap contributing up to 10% of the dry organic matter. Consequently, K+ constitutes a chief osmoticum to drive cellular expansion and organ movements, such as stomata aperture. Moreover, K+ transport is critical for the control of cytoplasmic and luminal pH in endosomes, regulation of membrane potential, and enzyme activity. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved a large ensemble of K+ transporters with defined functions in nutrient uptake by roots, storage in vacuoles, and ion translocation between tissues and organs. This review describes critical transport proteins governing K+ nutrition, their regulation, and coordinated activity, and summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways activated by K+ starvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Hao L, Zhu B, Jiang Z. Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3456. [PMID: 30400321 PMCID: PMC6275041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K⁺) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K⁺ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K⁺ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. Various K⁺ shortage-activated signaling cascades exist. Among these, calcium signaling is the most important signaling system within plant cells. This review is focused on the possible roles of calcium signaling in plant responses to low-K⁺ stress. In plants, intracellular calcium levels are first altered in response to K⁺ deficiency, resulting in calcium signatures that exhibit temporal and spatial features. In addition, calcium channels located within the root epidermis and root hair zone can then be activated by hyperpolarization of plasma membrane (PM) in response to low-K⁺ stress. Afterward, calcium sensors, including calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like protein (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), can act in the sensing of K⁺ deprivation. In particular, the important components regarding CBL/CBL-interacting protein kinase (CBL/CIPK) complexes-involved in plant responses to K⁺ deficiency are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ling Hao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Biping Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Lv Y, Jahan N, Chen G, Ren D, Guo L. Sensing of Abiotic Stress and Ionic Stress Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3298. [PMID: 30352959 PMCID: PMC6275032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants need to cope with complex environments throughout their life cycle. Abiotic stresses, including drought, cold, salt and heat, can cause a reduction in plant growth and loss of crop yield. Plants sensing stress signals and adapting to adverse environments are fundamental biological problems. We review the stress sensors in stress sensing and the responses, and then discuss ionic stress signaling and the responses. During ionic stress, the calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CBL-CIPK) complex is identified as a primary element of the calcium sensor for perceiving environmental signals. The CBL-CIPK system shows specificity and variety in its response to different stresses. Obtaining a deeper understanding of stress signaling and the responses will mitigate or solve crop yield crises in extreme environments with fast-growing populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Noushin Jahan
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tenorio-Berrío R, Pérez-Alonso MM, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Martín-Torres L, Dreyer I, Pollmann S. Identification of Two Auxin-Regulated Potassium Transporters Involved in Seed Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2132. [PMID: 30037141 PMCID: PMC6073294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed is the most important plant reproductive unit responsible for the evolutionary success of flowering plants. Aside from its essential function in the sexual reproduction of plants, the seed also represents the most economically important agricultural product worldwide, providing energy, nutrients, and raw materials for human nutrition, livestock feed, and countless manufactured goods. Hence, improvements in seed quality or size are highly valuable, due to their economic potential in agriculture. Recently, the importance of indolic compounds in regulating these traits has been reported for Arabidopsis thaliana. The transcriptional and physiological mechanisms involved, however, remain largely undisclosed. Potassium transporters have been suggested as possible mediators of embryo cell size, controlling turgor pressure during seed maturation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the expression of K⁺ transporters is effectively regulated by auxin. Here, we provide evidence for the identification of two Arabidopsis K⁺ transporters, HAK/KT12 (At1g60160) and KUP4 (At4g23640), that are likely to be implicated in determining seed size during seed maturation and, at the same time, show a differential regulation by indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio-Berrío
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Leticia Martín-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Singh A, Yadav AK, Kaur K, Sanyal SK, Jha SK, Fernandes JL, Sharma P, Tokas I, Pandey A, Luan S, Pandey GK. A protein phosphatase 2C, AP2C1, interacts with and negatively regulates the function of CIPK9 under potassium-deficient conditions in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4003-4015. [PMID: 29767755 PMCID: PMC6054203 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is a major macronutrient required for plant growth. An adaptive mechanism to low-K+ conditions involves activation of the Ca2+ signaling network that consists of calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and CBL-interacting kinases (CIPKs). The CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 (CIPK9) has previously been implicated in low-K+ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), AP2C1, that interacts with CIPK9. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and co-localization analyses revealed that CIPK9 and AP2C1 interact in the cytoplasm. AP2C1 dephosphorylates the auto-phosphorylated form of CIPK9 in vitro, presenting a regulatory mechanism for CIPK9 function. Furthermore, genetic and molecular analyses revealed that ap2c1 null mutants (ap2c1-1 and ap2c1-2) are tolerant to low-K+ conditions, retain higher K+ content, and show higher expression of K+-deficiency related genes contrary to cipk9 mutants (cipk9-1 and cipk9-2). In contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing AP2C1 were sensitive to low-K+ conditions. Thus, this study shows that AP2C1 and CIPK9 interact to regulate K+-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis. CIPK9 functions as positive regulator whereas AP2C1 acts as a negative regulator of Arabidopsis root growth and seedling development under low-K+ conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh K Yadav
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj K Jha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Joel L Fernandes
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankhuri Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Tokas
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cuin TA, Dreyer I, Michard E. The Role of Potassium Channels in Arabidopsis thaliana Long Distance Electrical Signalling: AKT2 Modulates Tissue Excitability While GORK Shapes Action Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E926. [PMID: 29561764 PMCID: PMC5979599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast responses to an external threat depend on the rapid transmission of signals through a plant. Action potentials (APs) are proposed as such signals. Plant APs share similarities with their animal counterparts; they are proposed to depend on the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Nonetheless, despite their demonstrated role in (a)biotic stress responses, the identities of the associated voltage-gated channels and transporters remain undefined in higher plants. By demonstrating the role of two potassium-selective channels in Arabidopsis thaliana in AP generation and shaping, we show that the plant AP does depend on similar Kv-like transport systems to those of the animal signal. We demonstrate that the outward-rectifying potassium-selective channel GORK limits the AP amplitude and duration, while the weakly-rectifying channel AKT2 affects membrane excitability. By computational modelling of plant APs, we reveal that the GORK activity not only determines the length of an AP but also the steepness of its rise and the maximal amplitude. Thus, outward-rectifying potassium channels contribute to both the repolarisation phase and the initial depolarisation phase of the signal. Additionally, from modelling considerations we provide indications that plant APs might be accompanied by potassium waves, which prime the excitability of the green cable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Ann Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
- SupAgro Montpellier, 2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Erwan Michard
- SupAgro Montpellier, 2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Biosciences Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Timucin E, Sezerman OU. Thermostability of the PYL–PP2C Heterodimer Is Dependent on Magnesium: In Silico Insights into the Link between Heat Stress Response and Magnesium Deficiency in Plants. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:661-672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Timucin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, 34752, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Osman Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, 34752, Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dreyer I, Gomez-Porras JL, Riedelsberger J. The potassium battery: a mobile energy source for transport processes in plant vascular tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1049-1053. [PMID: 28643868 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1049 I. 1049 II. 1050 III. 1050 IV. 1050 V. 1051 VI. 1051 VII. 1052 VIII. 1052 1053 References 1053 SUMMARY: Plant roots absorb potassium ions from the soil and transport them in the xylem via the transpiration stream to the shoots. There, in source tissues where sufficient chemical energy (ATP) is available, K+ is loaded into the phloem and then transported with the phloem stream to other parts of the plant; in part, transport is also back to the roots. This, at first sight, futile cycling of K+ has been uncovered to be part of a sophisticated mechanism that (1) enables the shoot to communicate its nutrient demand to the root, (2) contributes to the K+ nutrition of transport phloem tissues and (3) transports energy stored in the K+ gradient between phloem cytosol and the apoplast. This potassium battery can be tapped by opening AKT2-like potassium channels and then enables the ATP-independent energization of other transport processes, such as the reloading of sucrose. Insights into these mechanisms have only been possible by combining wet-lab and dry-lab experiments by means of computational cell biology modeling and simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saito S, Hoshi N, Zulkifli L, Widyastuti S, Goshima S, Dreyer I, Uozumi N. Identification of regions responsible for the function of the plant K + channels KAT1 and AKT2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:510-516. [PMID: 28933647 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1372066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis K+ channel KAT1 complements in K+-limited medium the growth of the K+ uptake defective Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain CY162, while another K+ channel, AKT2, does not. To gain insight into the structural basis for this difference, we constructed 12 recombinant chimeric channels from these two genes. When expressed in CY162, only three of these chimeras fully rescued the growth of CY162 under K+-limited conditions. We conclude that the transmembrane core region of KAT1 is important for its activity in S. cerevisiae. This involves not only the pore region but also parts of its voltage-sensor domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Saito
- a Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Naomi Hoshi
- a Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Lalu Zulkifli
- a Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Sri Widyastuti
- b Bioscience and Biotechnology Center , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Shinobu Goshima
- b Bioscience and Biotechnology Center , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- c Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular , Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca , Talca , Chile
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- a Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang F, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Hypoxia Sensing in Plants: On a Quest for Ion Channels as Putative Oxygen Sensors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1126-1142. [PMID: 28838128 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over 17 million km2 of land is affected by soil flooding every year, resulting in substantial yield losses and jeopardizing food security across the globe. A key step in resolving this problem and creating stress-tolerant cultivars is an understanding of the mechanisms by which plants sense low-oxygen stress. In this work, we review the current knowledge about the oxygen-sensing and signaling pathway in mammalian and plant systems and postulate the potential role of ion channels as putative oxygen sensors in plant roots. We first discuss the definition and requirements for the oxygen sensor and the difference between sensing and signaling. We then summarize the literature and identify several known candidates for oxygen sensing in the mammalian literature. This includes transient receptor potential (TRP) channels; K+-permeable channels (Kv, BK and TASK); Ca2+ channels (RyR and TPC); and various chemo- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent oxygen sensors. Identified key oxygen-sensing domains (PAS, GCS, GAF and PHD) in mammalian systems are used to predict the potential plant counterparts in Arabidopsis. Finally, the sequences of known mammalian ion channels with reported roles in oxygen sensing were employed to BLAST the Arabidopsis genome for the candidate genes. Several plasma membrane and tonoplast ion channels (such as TPC, AKT and KCO) and oxygen domain-containing proteins with predicted oxygen-sensing ability were identified and discussed. We propose a testable model for potential roles of ion channels in plant hypoxia sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Luan M, Tang RJ, Tang Y, Tian W, Hou C, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Transport and homeostasis of potassium and phosphate: limiting factors for sustainable crop production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3091-3105. [PMID: 27965362 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) and phosphate (Pi) are both macronutrients essential for plant growth and crop production, but the unrenewable resources of phosphorus rock and potash have become limiting factors for food security. One critical measure to help solve this problem is to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in plants by understanding and engineering genetic networks for ion uptake, translocation, and storage. Plants have evolved multiple systems to adapt to various nutrient conditions for growth and production. Within the NUE networks, transport proteins and their regulators are the primary players for maintaining nutrient homeostasis and could be utilized to engineer high NUE traits in crop plants. A large number of publications have detailed K+ and Pi transport proteins in plants over the past three decades. Meanwhile, the discovery and validation of their regulatory mechanisms are fast-track topics for research. Here, we provide an overview of K+ and Pi transport proteins and their regulatory mechanisms, which participate in the uptake, translocation, storage, and recycling of these nutrients in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yumei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Congong Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jezek M, Blatt MR. The Membrane Transport System of the Guard Cell and Its Integration for Stomatal Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:487-519. [PMID: 28408539 PMCID: PMC5462021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research into ion transport across the plasma and vacuolar membranes of guard cells that drive stomatal movements and the signaling mechanisms that regulate them. Stomatal guard cells surround pores in the epidermis of plant leaves, controlling the aperture of the pore to balance CO2 entry into the leaf for photosynthesis with water loss via transpiration. The position of guard cells in the epidermis is ideally suited for cellular and subcellular research, and their sensitivity to endogenous signals and environmental stimuli makes them a primary target for physiological studies. Stomata underpin the challenges of water availability and crop production that are expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. A quantitative understanding of how ion transport is integrated and controlled is key to meeting these challenges and to engineering guard cells for improved water use efficiency and agricultural yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yao FY, Qi GN, Ren HM, Zhang A, Hussain J, Wang YF. S-type anion channel SLAC1's homologues inhibit inward potassium channels AKT2 and KAT2 in Arabidopsis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:464-466. [PMID: 36659254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Yong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Ning Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Min Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sklodowski K, Riedelsberger J, Raddatz N, Riadi G, Caballero J, Chérel I, Schulze W, Graf A, Dreyer I. The receptor-like pseudokinase MRH1 interacts with the voltage-gated potassium channel AKT2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44611. [PMID: 28300158 PMCID: PMC5353636 DOI: 10.1038/srep44611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potassium channel AKT2 plays important roles in phloem loading and unloading. It can operate as inward-rectifying channel that allows H+-ATPase-energized K+ uptake. Moreover, through reversible post-translational modifications it can also function as an open, K+-selective channel, which taps a 'potassium battery', providing additional energy for transmembrane transport processes. Knowledge about proteins involved in the regulation of the operational mode of AKT2 is very limited. Here, we employed a large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen in combination with fluorescence tagging and null-allele mutant phenotype analysis and identified the plasma membrane localized receptor-like kinase MRH1/MDIS2 (AT4G18640) as interaction partner of AKT2. The phenotype of the mrh1-1 knockout plant mirrors that of akt2 knockout plants in energy limiting conditions. Electrophysiological analyses showed that MRH1/MDIS2 failed to exert any functional regulation on AKT2. Using structural protein modeling approaches, we instead gathered evidence that the putative kinase domain of MRH1/MDIS2 lacks essential sites that are indispensable for a functional kinase suggesting that MRH1/MDIS2 is a pseudokinase. We propose that MRH1/MDIS2 and AKT2 are likely parts of a bigger protein complex. MRH1 might help to recruit other, so far unknown partners, which post-translationally regulate AKT2. Additionally, MRH1 might be involved in the recognition of chemical signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sklodowski
- Heisenberg Group of Biophysics and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biology, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique U386, Montpellier SupAgro, Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - Waltraud Schulze
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Heisenberg Group of Biophysics and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Garcia K, Chasman D, Roy S, Ané JM. Physiological Responses and Gene Co-Expression Network of Mycorrhizal Roots under K + Deprivation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1811-1823. [PMID: 28159827 PMCID: PMC5338680 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations enhance the phosphorous and nitrogen nutrition of host plants, but little is known about their role in potassium (K+) nutrition. Medicago truncatula plants were cocultured with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis under high and low K+ regimes for 6 weeks. We determined how K+ deprivation affects plant development and mineral acquisition and how these negative effects are tempered by the AM colonization. The transcriptional response of AM roots under K+ deficiency was analyzed by whole-genome RNA sequencing. K+ deprivation decreased root biomass and external K+ uptake and modulated oxidative stress gene expression in M. truncatula roots. AM colonization induced specific transcriptional responses to K+ deprivation that seem to temper these negative effects. A gene network analysis revealed putative key regulators of these responses. This study confirmed that AM associations provide some tolerance to K+ deprivation to host plants, revealed that AM symbiosis modulates the expression of specific root genes to cope with this nutrient stress, and identified putative regulators participating in these tolerance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang F, Wei Q, Shi J, Jin X, He Y, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Wang Y, Chang J, Yang G, He G. Brachypodium distachyon BdPP2CA6 Interacts with BdPYLs and BdSnRK2 and Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:264. [PMID: 28293246 PMCID: PMC5329023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is essential in plant responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although ABA signaling model is well established in Arabidopsis, ABA receptor PYL family and clade A PP2C subfamily are not yet characterized in monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon. In this study, we identified 12 PYLs and 8 clade A PP2Cs from B. distachyon genome and successfully cloned 12 PYLs and 7 clade A PP2Cs. Bioinformatic and expression analyses showed that most of the identified genes respond to several signal molecules and abiotic stresses. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that many BdPYLs and BdPP2CAs participate in the classic ABA-PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 signaling pathway. A clade A PP2C, designated BdPP2CA6, interacted with BdPYL11 in the absence of ABA and localized in nucleus. Most clade A PP2C members from Arabidopsis showed negatively regulation in ABA signaling pathway, whereas BdPP2CA6-overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis showed ABA hypersensitive phenotype, resulting in enhanced stomatal closure and salinity tolerance. Our results indicate that BdPP2CA6 positively regulates ABA and stress signal pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis plant seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junli Chang
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan He, Guangxiao Yang, Junli Chang,
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan He, Guangxiao Yang, Junli Chang,
| | - Guangyuan He
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan He, Guangxiao Yang, Junli Chang,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Edel KH, Kudla J. Integration of calcium and ABA signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:83-91. [PMID: 27366827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses simultaneously trigger an increase in the level of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and in the concentration of cytosolic calcium. Subsequent signaling cascades convey stomata regulation and transcriptional responses. Increasing evidence points to direct interrelations of both signaling systems on multiple levels of information processing. In this context, protein phosphatases 2Cs of the clade A appear to function as master regulators of both ABA and calcium signaling. In this review, we focus on informative examples for convergence of ABA and calcium signaling on common target proteins and discuss emerging concepts, consequences and open questions about the integration of calcium and ABA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu L, Zheng C, Kuang B, Wei L, Yan L, Wang T. Receptor-Like Kinase RUPO Interacts with Potassium Transporters to Regulate Pollen Tube Growth and Integrity in Rice. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006085. [PMID: 27447945 PMCID: PMC4957769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During sexual reproduction of flowering plants, the pollen tube grows fast and over a long distance within the pistil to deliver two sperms for double fertilization. Growing plant cells need to communicate constantly with external stimuli as well as monitor changes in surface tension of the cell wall and plasma membrane to coordinate these signals and internal growth machinery; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that the rice member of plant-specific receptor-like kinase CrRLK1Ls subfamily, Ruptured Pollen tube (RUPO), is specifically expressed in rice pollen. RUPO localizes to the apical plasma membrane and vesicle of pollen tubes and is required for male gamete transmission. K+ levels were greater in pollen of homozygous CRISPR-knockout lines than wild-type plants, and pollen tubes burst shortly after germination. We reveal the interaction of RUPO with high-affinity potassium transporters. Phosphorylation of RUPO established and dephosphorylation abolished the interaction. These results have revealed the receptor-like kinase as a regulator of high-affinity potassium transporters via phosphorylation-dependent interaction, and demonstrated a novel receptor-like kinase signaling pathway that mediates K+ homeostasis required for pollen tube growth and integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baijan Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longfeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|