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Rudolf J, Tomovicova L, Panzarova K, Fajkus J, Hejatko J, Skalak J. Epigenetics and plant hormone dynamics: a functional and methodological perspective. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5267-5294. [PMID: 38373206 PMCID: PMC11389840 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant hormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues, have recently emerged as central modulators of epigenetic processes governing gene expression and phenotypic plasticity. This review addresses the complex interplay between plant hormones and epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting the diverse methodologies that have been harnessed to decipher these intricate relationships. We present a comprehensive overview to understand how phytohormones orchestrate epigenetic modifications, shaping plant adaptation and survival strategies. Conversely, we explore how epigenetic regulators ensure hormonal balance and regulate the signalling pathways of key plant hormones. Furthermore, our investigation includes a search for novel genes that are regulated by plant hormones under the control of epigenetic processes. Our review offers a contemporary overview of the epigenetic-plant hormone crosstalk, emphasizing its significance in plant growth, development, and potential agronomical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Rudolf
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Tomovicova
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Panzarova
- Photon Systems Instruments, Prumyslova 470, CZ-664 24 Drasov, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalak
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Farkas P, Fitzpatrick TB. Two pyridoxal phosphate homeostasis proteins are essential for management of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3689-3708. [PMID: 38954500 PMCID: PMC11371154 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme management is important for homeostasis of the pool of active metabolic enzymes. The coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is involved in diverse enzyme reactions including amino acid and hormone metabolism. Regulatory proteins that contribute to PLP homeostasis remain to be explored in plants. Here, we demonstrate the importance of proteins annotated as PLP homeostasis proteins (PLPHPs) for controlling PLP in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A systematic analysis indicates that while most organisms across kingdoms have a single PLPHP homolog, Angiosperms have two. PLPHPs from Arabidopsis bind PLP and exist as monomers, in contrast to reported PLP-dependent enzymes, which exist as multimers. Disrupting the function of both PLPHP homologs perturbs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) content, inducing a PLP deficit accompanied by light hypersensitive root growth, unlike PLP biosynthesis mutants. Micrografting studies show that the PLP deficit can be relieved distally between shoots and roots. Chemical treatments probing PLP-dependent reactions, notably those for auxin and ethylene, provide evidence that PLPHPs function in the dynamic management of PLP. Assays in vitro show that Arabidopsis PLPHP can coordinate PLP transfer and withdrawal from other enzymes. This study thus expands our knowledge of vitamin B6 biology and highlights the importance of PLP coenzyme homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Farkas
- Vitamins & Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Vitamins & Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Yamoune A, Zdarska M, Depaepe T, Rudolfova A, Skalak J, Berendzen KW, Mira-Rodado V, Fitz M, Pekarova B, Nicolas Mala KL, Tarr P, Spackova E, Tomovicova L, Parizkova B, Franczyk A, Kovacova I, Dolgikh V, Zemlyanskaya E, Pernisova M, Novak O, Meyerowitz E, Harter K, Van Der Straeten D, Hejatko J. Cytokinins regulate spatially specific ethylene production to control root growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:101013. [PMID: 38961625 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Two principal growth regulators, cytokinins and ethylene, are known to interact in the regulation of plant growth. However, information about the underlying molecular mechanism and positional specificity of cytokinin/ethylene crosstalk in the control of root growth is scarce. We have identified the spatial specificity of cytokinin-regulated root elongation and root apical meristem (RAM) size, both of which we demonstrate to be dependent on ethylene biosynthesis. Upregulation of the cytokinin biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE (IPT) in proximal and peripheral tissues leads to both root and RAM shortening. By contrast, IPT activation in distal and inner tissues reduces RAM size while leaving the root length comparable to that of mock-treated controls. We show that cytokinins regulate two steps specific to ethylene biosynthesis: production of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) by ACC SYNTHASEs (ACSs) and its conversion to ethylene by ACC OXIDASEs (ACOs). We describe cytokinin- and ethylene-specific regulation controlling the activity of ACSs and ACOs that are spatially discrete along both proximo/distal and radial root axes. Using direct ethylene measurements, we identify ACO2, ACO3, and ACO4 as being responsible for ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene-regulated root and RAM shortening in cytokinin-treated Arabidopsis. Direct interaction between ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2), a member of the multistep phosphorelay cascade, and the C-terminal portion of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2-C), a key regulator of canonical ethylene signaling, is involved in the cytokinin-induced, ethylene-mediated control of ACO4. We propose tight cooperation between cytokinin and ethylene signaling in the spatially specific regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as a key aspect of the hormonal control of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Yamoune
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zdarska
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anna Rudolfova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalak
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Michael Fitz
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Blanka Pekarova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katrina Leslie Nicolas Mala
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eliska Spackova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Tomovicova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Parizkova
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail Franczyk
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Kovacova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Dolgikh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Zemlyanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Marketa Pernisova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elliot Meyerowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Maric A. The underground tango: How ethylene and auxin interact to regulate cereal root angle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1757-1758. [PMID: 38558264 PMCID: PMC11213240 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Maric
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Plant Environmental Signalling and Development, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Kong X, Xiong Y, Song X, Wadey S, Yu S, Rao J, Lale A, Lombardi M, Fusi R, Bhosale R, Huang G. Ethylene regulates auxin-mediated root gravitropic machinery and controls root angle in cereal crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1969-1980. [PMID: 38446735 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Root angle is a critical factor in optimizing the acquisition of essential resources from different soil depths. The regulation of root angle relies on the auxin-mediated root gravitropism machinery. While the influence of ethylene on auxin levels is known, its specific role in governing root gravitropism and angle remains uncertain, particularly when Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) core ethylene signaling mutants show no gravitropic defects. Our research, focusing on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays), clearly reveals the involvement of ethylene in root angle regulation in cereal crops through the modulation of auxin biosynthesis and the root gravitropism machinery. We elucidated the molecular components by which ethylene exerts its regulatory effect on auxin biosynthesis to control root gravitropism machinery. The ethylene-insensitive mutants ethylene insensitive2 (osein2) and ethylene insensitive like1 (oseil1), exhibited substantially shallower crown root angle compared to the wild type. Gravitropism assays revealed reduced root gravitropic response in these mutants. Hormone profiling analysis confirmed decreased auxin levels in the root tips of the osein2 mutant, and exogenous auxin (NAA) application rescued root gravitropism in both ethylene-insensitive mutants. Additionally, the auxin biosynthetic mutant mao hu zi10 (mhz10)/tryptophan aminotransferase2 (ostar2) showed impaired gravitropic response and shallow crown root angle phenotypes. Similarly, maize ethylene-insensitive mutants (zmein2) exhibited defective gravitropism and root angle phenotypes. In conclusion, our study highlights that ethylene controls the auxin-dependent root gravitropism machinery to regulate root angle in rice and maize, revealing a functional divergence in ethylene signaling between Arabidopsis and cereal crops. These findings contribute to a better understanding of root angle regulation and have implications for improving resource acquisition in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Kong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Samuel Wadey
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Suhang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinliang Rao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aneesh Lale
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Marco Lombardi
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Riccardo Fusi
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, Hyderabad, India
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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6
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Heslop-Harrison G, Nakabayashi K, Espinosa-Ruiz A, Robertson F, Baines R, Thompson CRL, Hermann K, Alabadí D, Leubner-Metzger G, Williams RSB. Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100846. [PMID: 38460510 PMCID: PMC11211550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root, leaf, and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring plants. Understanding how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant function. One such allelochemical, Myrigalone A (MyA) produced by Myrica gale, inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown mechanism. Here, we investigate MyA using the tractable model Dictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylene synthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO). Furthermore, in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic pocket. In D. discoideum, ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay, which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene, and MyA reduces ethylene production. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MyA treatment delays seed germination, and this effect is rescued by exogenous ethylene. It also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension, blocks ethylene-dependent root hair production, and reduces ethylene production. Finally, in silico binding analyses identify a range of highly potent ethylene inhibitors that block ethylene-dependent response and reduce ethylene production in Arabidopsis. Thus, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Heslop-Harrison
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Robertson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robert Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
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Wu L, Ren Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang J. The Slow Growth of Adventitious Roots in Tetraploid Hybrid Poplar ( Populus simonii × P. nigra var. italica) May Be Caused by Endogenous Hormone-Mediated Meristem Shortening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1430. [PMID: 38891239 PMCID: PMC11174411 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Polyploidization produces abundant phenotypic variation. Little is currently known about adventitious root (AR) development variation due to polyploidization. In this study, we analyzed the morphological, cytological, and physiological variations in AR development between tetraploid and diploid Populus plants during in vitro rooting culture. Compared to the diploids, the AR formation times and rooting rates of the tetraploids' stem explants had non-significant changes. However, the tetraploid ARs exhibited significantly slower elongation growth than the diploid ARs. Cytological observation showed that the tetraploid ARs were characterized by shorter root meristems and reduced meristem cell numbers, suggesting the reasons for the slow AR elongation. Analysis of hormones and related metabolites during AR development demonstrated that the total auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid contents were significantly lower in the tetraploid ARs than in those of the diploids, and that the ratio of total auxins to total CKs at 0 h of AR development was also lower in the tetraploids than in the diploids, whereas the total salicylic acid content of the tetraploids was consistently higher than that of the diploids. qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of several hormone signaling and cell division-related genes in the tetraploid ARs significantly differed from those in the diploids. In conclusion, the slow elongation of the tetraploid ARs may be caused by the endogenous hormone-mediated meristem shortening. Our findings enhance the understanding of polyploidization-induced variation in AR development of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (Y.R.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (Y.R.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (Y.R.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (Y.R.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.W.); (Y.R.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Sun Y, Chen J, Yuan Y, Jiang N, Liu C, Zhang Y, Mao X, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Sun Z, Gai S. Auxin efflux carrier PsPIN4 identified through genome-wide analysis as vital factor of petal abscission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1380417. [PMID: 38799094 PMCID: PMC11116700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1380417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, which function as efflux transporters, play many crucial roles in the polar transportation of auxin within plants. In this study, the exogenous applications of auxin IAA and TIBA were found to significantly prolong and shorten the florescence of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) flowers. This finding suggests that auxin has some regulatory influence in petal senescence and abscission. Further analysis revealed a total of 8 PsPINs distributed across three chromosomes, which could be categorized into two classes based on phylogenetic and structural analysis. PsPIN1, PsPIN2a-b, and PsPIN4 were separated into the "long" PIN category, while PsPIN5, PsPIN6a-b, and PsPIN8 belonged to the "short" one. Additionally, the cis-regulatory elements of PsPIN promoters were associated with plant development, phytohormones, and environmental stress. These genes displayed tissue-specific expression, and phosphorylation sites were abundant throughout the protein family. Notably, PsPIN4 displayed distinct and elevated expression levels in roots, leaves, and flower organs. Expression patterns among the abscission zone (AZ) and adjacent areas during various flowering stages and IAA treatment indicate that PsPIN4 likely influences the initiation of peony petal abscission. The PsPIN4 protein was observed to be co-localized on both the plasma membrane and the cell nucleus. The ectopic expression of PsPIN4 reversed the premature flower organs abscission in the Atpin4 and significantly protracted florescence when introduced to Col Arabidopsis. Our findings established a strong basis for further investigation of PIN gene biological functions, particularly concerning intrinsic relationship between PIN-mediated auxin polar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuhong Mao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Yifu Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shupeng Gai
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Kumawat G, Cao D, Park C, Xu D. C-terminally encoded peptide-like genes are associated with the development of primary root at qRL16.1 in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1387954. [PMID: 38685962 PMCID: PMC11056954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1387954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Root architecture traits are belowground traits that harness moisture and nutrients from the soil and are equally important to above-ground traits in crop improvement. In soybean, the root length locus qRL16.1 was previously mapped on chromosome 16. The qRL16.1 has been characterized by transcriptome analysis of roots in near-isogenic lines (NILs), gene expression analysis in a pair of lines contrasting with alleles of qRL16.1, and differential gene expression analysis in germplasm accessions contrasting with root length. Two candidate genes, Glyma.16g108500 and Glyma.16g108700, have shown relatively higher expression in longer root accessions than in shorter rooting accessions. The C-terminal domain of Glyma.16g108500 and Glyma.16g108700 is similar to the conserved domain of C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) that regulate root length and nutrient response in Arabidopsis. Two polymorphisms upstream of Glyma.16g108500 showed a significant association with primary root length and total root length traits in a germplasm set. Synthetic peptide assay with predicted CEP variants of Glyma.16g108500 and Glyma.16g108700 demonstrated their positive effect on primary root length. The two genes are root-specific in the early stage of soybean growth and showed differential expression only in the primary root. These genes will be useful for improving soybean to develop a deep and robust root system to withstand low moisture and nutrient regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj Kumawat
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dong Cao
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheolwoo Park
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Donghe Xu
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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10
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Kubalová M, Müller K, Dobrev PI, Rizza A, Jones AM, Fendrych M. Auxin co-receptor IAA17/AXR3 controls cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana root solely by modulation of nuclear auxin pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2448-2463. [PMID: 38308183 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA auxin pathway plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development. Specifically, the IAA17/AXR3 protein participates in Arabidopsis thaliana root development, response to auxin and gravitropism. However, the mechanism by which AXR3 regulates cell elongation is not fully understood. We combined genetical and cell biological tools with transcriptomics and determination of auxin levels and employed live cell imaging and image analysis to address how the auxin response pathways influence the dynamics of root growth. We revealed that manipulations of the TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA pathway rapidly modulate root cell elongation. While inducible overexpression of the AXR3-1 transcriptional inhibitor accelerated growth, overexpression of the dominant activator form of ARF5/MONOPTEROS inhibited growth. In parallel, AXR3-1 expression caused loss of auxin sensitivity, leading to transcriptional reprogramming, phytohormone signaling imbalance and increased levels of auxin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AXR3-1 specifically perturbs nuclear auxin signaling, while the rapid auxin response remains functional. Our results shed light on the interplay between the nuclear and cytoplasmic auxin pathways in roots, revealing their partial independence but also the dominant role of the nuclear auxin pathway during the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kubalová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Müller
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Ivanov Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Annalisa Rizza
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
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11
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Zhang M, Xiao Q, Li Y, Tian Y, Zheng J, Zhang J. Exploration of exogenous chlorogenic acid as a potential plant stimulant: enhancing physiochemical properties in Lonicera japonica. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:453-466. [PMID: 38633274 PMCID: PMC11018593 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we applied exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) to Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) leaves via foliar sprays every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for a period of 12 months. Our continuous monitoring over this period revealed a consistent increase in flavonoid levels from the second to the tenth month following the commencement of CGA treatment. This was accompanied by a notable upregulation in the expression of four secondary metabolite-related enzyme genes: LjPAL1, LjPAL2, LjPAL3, and LjISY1. Concurrently, there was a significant enhancement in the total activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The total antioxidant capacity of the plants also showed a marked increase from the third to the seventh month post-treatment initiation, subsequently stabilizing. This increase was also reflected in the elevated activities of key antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the treatment notably enhanced various indicators of nutrient growth, such as total protein content, total sugar content, and leaf area. Notably, the relative expression of LjTF1, a kind of BZIP transcription factor gene known for its extensive regulatory effects, showed a significant and sustained increase after the start of exogenous CGA treatment. Subsequent metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in L. japonica metabolites. Specifically, 172 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) showed a notable increase (Fold > 1), predominantly in pathways related to nutrient metabolism such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Notably, some of the highly expressed DEMs (Fold > 4) are key antioxidants and medicinal components in L. japonica. The experimental findings were in alignment with the metabolomics analysis, indicating that exogenous CGA can act as a stimulant for L. japonica. It promotes the significant accumulation of certain secondary metabolites, enhances nutritive growth, and boosts the plant's total antioxidant capacity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01435-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Jincheng Zheng
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
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12
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Kościelniak P, Glazińska P, Kęsy J, Mucha J, Zadworny M. Identification of genetics and hormonal factors involved in Quercus robur root growth regulation in different cultivation system. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 38373900 PMCID: PMC10877882 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular processes and hormonal signals that govern root growth is of paramount importance for effective forest management. While Arabidopsis studies have shed light on the role of the primary root in root system development, the structure of root systems in trees is considerably more intricate, posing challenges to comprehend taproot growth in acorn-sown and nursery-cultivated seedlings. In this study, we investigated Quercus robur seedlings using rhizotrons, containers, and transplanted containers to rhizotrons, aiming to unravel the impact of forest nursery practices on processes governing taproot growth and root system development. Root samples were subjected to RNA-seq analysis to identify gene expression patterns and perform differential gene expression and phytohormone analysis. Among studied cultivation systems, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited significant diversity, where the number of co-occurring DEGs among cultivation systems was significantly smaller than the number of unique DEGs in different cultivation systems. Moreover, the results imply that container cultivation triggers the activation of several genes associated with linolenic acid and peptide synthesis in root growth. Upon transplantation from containers to rhizotrons, rapid enhancement in gene expression occurs, followed by gradual reduction as root growth progresses, ultimately reaching a similar expression pattern as observed in the taproot of rhizotron-cultivated seedlings. Phytohormone analysis revealed that taproot growth patterns under different cultivation systems are regulated by the interplay between auxin and cytokinin concentrations. Moreover, the diversification of hormone levels within the root zone and cultivation systems allows for taproot growth inhibition and prompt recovery in transplanted seedlings. Our study highlights the crucial role of hormone interactions during the early stages of taproot elongation, influencing root system formation across.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kościelniak
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Paulina Glazińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Kęsy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Naveed M, Bansal U, Kaiser BN. Impact of low light intensity on biomass partitioning and genetic diversity in a chickpea mapping population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1292753. [PMID: 38362449 PMCID: PMC10867217 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1292753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
With recent climatic changes, the reduced access to solar radiation has become an emerging threat to chickpeas' drought tolerance capacity under rainfed conditions. This study was conducted to assess, and understand the effects of reduced light intensity and quality on plant morphology, root development, and identifying resistant sources from a Sonali/PBA Slasher mapping population. We evaluated 180 genotypes, including recombinant inbred lines (RILs), parents, and commercial checks, using a split-block design with natural and low light treatments. Low light conditions, created by covering one of the two benches inside two growth chambers with a mosquito net, reduced natural light availability by approximately 70%. Light measurements encompassed photosynthetic photon flux density, as well as red, and far-red light readings taken at various stages of the experiment. The data, collected from plumule emergence to anthesis initiation, encompassed various indices relevant to root, shoot, and carbon gain (biomass). Statistical analysis examined variance, treatment effects, heritability, correlations, and principal components (PCs). Results demonstrated significant reductions in root biomass, shoot biomass, root/shoot ratio, and plant total dry biomass under suboptimal light conditions by 52.8%, 28.2%, 36.3%, and 38.4%, respectively. Plants also exhibited delayed progress, taking 9.2% longer to produce their first floral buds, and 19.2% longer to commence anthesis, accompanied by a 33.4% increase in internodal lengths. A significant genotype-by-environment interaction highlighted differing genotypic responses, particularly in traits with high heritability (> 77.0%), such as days to anthesis, days to first floral bud, plant height, and nodes per plant. These traits showed significant associations with drought tolerance indicators, like root, shoot, and plant total dry biomass. Genetic diversity, as depicted in a genotype-by-trait biplot, revealed contributions to PC1 and PC2 coefficients, allowing discrimination of low-light-tolerant RILs, such as 1_52, 1_73, 1_64, 1_245, 1_103, 1_248, and 1_269, with valuable variations in traits of interest. These RILs could be used to breed desirable chickpea cultivars for sustainable production under water-limited conditions. This study concludes that low light stress disrupts the balance between root and shoot morphology, diverting photosynthates to vegetative structures at the expense of root development. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of biomass partitioning under limited-light conditions, and inform breeding strategies for improved drought tolerance in chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Urmil Bansal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brent N. Kaiser
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Qin H, Xiao M, Li Y, Huang R. Ethylene Modulates Rice Root Plasticity under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:432. [PMID: 38337965 PMCID: PMC10857340 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plants live in constantly changing environments that are often unfavorable or stressful. Root development strongly affects plant growth and productivity, and the developmental plasticity of roots helps plants to survive under abiotic stress conditions. This review summarizes the progress being made in understanding the regulation of the phtyohormone ethylene in rice root development in response to abiotic stresses, highlighting the complexity associated with the integration of ethylene synthesis and signaling in root development under adverse environments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ethylene in regulating root architecture and response to environmental signals can contribute to the genetic improvement of crop root systems, enhancing their adaptation to stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.H.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China;
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.H.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
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15
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Jensen CNG, Pang JKY, Hahn CM, Gottardi M, Husted S, Moelbak L, Kovács ÁT, Fimognari L, Schulz A. Differential influence of Bacillus subtilis strains on Arabidopsis root architecture through common and distinct plant hormonal pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111936. [PMID: 38042415 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) can enhance crop yield and health, but knowledge of their mode-of-action is limited. We studied the influence of two Bacillus subtilis strains, the natural isolate ALC_02 and the domesticated 168 Gö, on Arabidopsis and hypothesized that they modify the root architecture by modulating hormone transport or signaling. Both bacteria promoted increase of shoot and root surface area in vitro, but through different root anatomical traits. Mutant plants deficient in auxin transport or signaling responded less to the bacterial strains than the wild-type, and application of the auxin transport inhibitor NPA strongly reduced the influence of the strains. Both bacteria produced auxin and enhanced shoot auxin levels in DR5::GUS reporter plants. Accordingly, most of the beneficial effects of the strains were dependent on functional auxin transport and signaling, while only 168 Gö depended on functional ethylene signaling. As expected, only ALC_02 stimulated plant growth in soil, unlike 168 Gö that was previously reported to have reduced biofilms. Collectively, the results highlight that B. subtilis strains can have strikingly different plant growth-promoting properties, dependent on what experimental setup they are tested in, and the importance of choosing the right PGPM for a desired root phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Niketa Gadomska Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Plant Health Innovation, Chr-Hansen A/S, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Janet Ka Yan Pang
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Marie Hahn
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Moelbak
- Plant Health Innovation, Chr-Hansen A/S, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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16
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Kumar V, Majee A, Patwal P, Sairem B, Sane AP, Sane VA. A GARP transcription factor SlGCC positively regulates lateral root development in tomato via auxin-ethylene interplay. PLANTA 2024; 259:55. [PMID: 38300324 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SlGCC, a GARP transcription factor, functions as a root-related transcriptional repressor. SlGCC synchronizes auxin and ethylene signaling involving SlPIN3 and SlIAA3 as intermediate targets sketching a molecular map for lateral root development in tomato. The root system is crucial for growth and development of plants as it performs basic functions such as providing mechanical support, nutrients and water uptake, pathogen resistance and responds to various stresses. SlGCC, a GARP family transcription factor (TF), exhibited predominant expression in age-dependent (initial to mature stages) tomato root. SlGCC is a transcriptional repressor and is regulated at a transcriptional and translational level by auxin and ethylene. Auxin and ethylene mediated SlGCC protein stability is governed via proteasome degradation pathway during lateral root (LR) growth development. SlGCC over-expressor (OE) and under-expressed (UE) tomato transgenic lines demonstrate its role in LR development. This study is an attempt to unravel the vital role of SlGCC in regulating tomato LR architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India
| | - Adity Majee
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pooja Patwal
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Babythoihoi Sairem
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Pasternak TP, Steinmacher D. Plant Growth Regulation in Cell and Tissue Culture In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:327. [PMID: 38276784 PMCID: PMC10818547 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of all aspects controlling plant tissue culture and in vitro plant regeneration is crucial for plant biotechnologists and their correlated industry, as there is increasing demand for this scientific knowledge, resulting in more productive and resilient plants in the field. However, the development and application of cell and tissue culture techniques are usually based on empirical studies, although some data-driven models are available. Overall, the success of plant tissue culture is dependent on several factors such as available nutrients, endogenous auxin synthesis, organic compounds, and environment conditions. In this review, the most important aspects are described one by one, with some practical recommendations based on basic research in plant physiology and sharing our practical experience from over 20 years of research in this field. The main aim is to help new plant biotechnologists and increase the impact of the plant tissue culture industry worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras P. Pasternak
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
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18
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Daniel K, Hartman S. How plant roots respond to waterlogging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:511-525. [PMID: 37610936 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant submergence is a major abiotic stress that impairs plant performance. Under water, reduced gas diffusion exposes submerged plant cells to an environment that is enriched in gaseous ethylene and is limited in oxygen (O2) availability (hypoxia). The capacity for plant roots to avoid and/or sustain critical hypoxia damage is essential for plants to survive waterlogging. Plants use spatiotemporal ethylene and O2 dynamics as instrumental flooding signals to modulate potential adaptive root growth and hypoxia stress acclimation responses. However, how non-adapted plant species modulate root growth behaviour during actual waterlogged conditions to overcome flooding stress has hardly been investigated. Here we discuss how changes in the root growth rate, lateral root formation, density, and growth angle of non-flood adapted plant species (mainly Arabidopsis) could contribute to avoiding and enduring critical hypoxic conditions. In addition, we discuss current molecular understanding of how ethylene and hypoxia signalling control these adaptive root growth responses. We propose that future research would benefit from less artificial experimental designs to better understand how plant roots respond to and survive waterlogging. This acquired knowledge would be instrumental to guide targeted breeding of flood-tolerant crops with more resilient root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Daniel
- Plant Environmental Signalling and Development, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sjon Hartman
- Plant Environmental Signalling and Development, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Singh T, Bisht N, Ansari MM, Chauhan PS. The hidden harmony: Exploring ROS-phytohormone nexus for shaping plant root architecture in response to environmental cues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108273. [PMID: 38103339 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture, encompassing lateral roots and root hairs, plays a vital in overall plant growth and stress tolerance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plant hormones intricately regulate root growth and development, serving as signaling molecules that govern processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Manipulating the interplay between ROS and hormones has the potential to enhance nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and agricultural productivity. In this review, we delve into how studying these processes provides insights into how plants respond to environmental changes and optimize growth patterns to better control cellular processes and stress responses in crops. We discuss various factors and complex signaling networks that may exist among ROS and phytohormones during root development. Additionally, the review highlights possible role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in ROS-phytohormone interactions and in shaping root system architecture according to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Mogees Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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20
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Tian H, Tang B, Fan W, Pan Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu G. The role of strigolactone analog (GR24) in endogenous hormone metabolism and hormone-related gene expression in tobacco axillary buds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 38150090 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Strigolactone has the potential to influence hormone metabolism, in addition to having a role in inhibiting axillary bud elongation, which could be regulated by the expression of phytohormones-related genes. The elongation of axillary buds affects the economic benefits of tobacco. In this study, it was investigated the effect of strigolactone (SL) on the elongation of tobacco axillary buds and its endogenous hormone metabolism and related gene expression by applying the artificial analog of SL, GR24, and an inhibitor of SL synthesis, TIS-108, to the axillary buds. The results showed that the elongation of axillary buds was significantly inhibited by GR24 on day 2 and day 9. Ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry results further showed that SL significantly affected the metabolism of endogenous plant hormones, altering both their levels and the ratios between each endogenous hormone. Particularly, the levels of auxin (IAA), trans-zeatin-riboside (tZR), N6-(∆2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP), gibberellin A4 (GA4), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) were decreased after GR24 treatment on day 9, but the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) were significantly increased. Further analysis of endogenous hormonal balance revealed that after the treatment with GR24 on day 9, the ratio of IAA to cytokinin (CTK) was markedly increased, but the ratios of IAA to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ACC, JAs, and, GAs were notably decreased. In addition, according to RNA-seq analysis, multiple differentially expressed genes were found, such as GH3.1, AUX/IAA, SUAR20, IPT, CKX1, GA2ox1, ACO3, ERF1, PR1, and HCT, which may play critical roles in the biosynthesis, deactivation, signaling pathway of phytohormones, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids to regulate the elongation of axillary buds in tobacco. This work lays the certain theoretical foundation for the application of SL in regulating the elongation of axillary buds of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Tian
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxi Tang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuwei Fan
- Yimen County Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yimen, 651100, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Peng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Lasok H, Nziengui H, Kochersperger P, Ditengou FA. Arabidopsis Root Development Regulation by the Endogenous Folate Precursor, Para-Aminobenzoic Acid, via Modulation of the Root Cell Cycle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4076. [PMID: 38140403 PMCID: PMC10748309 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growth of roots depends on their ability to maintain a balanced ratio between cell production and cell differentiation at the tip. This process is regulated by the hormonal balance of cytokinin and auxin. However, other important regulators, such as plant folates, also play a regulatory role. In this study, we investigated the impact of the folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) on root development. Using pharmacological, genetic, and imaging approaches, we show that the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana roots is repressed by either supplementing the growth medium with PABA or overexpressing the PABA synthesis gene GAT-ADCS. This is associated with a smaller root meristem consisting of fewer cells. Conversely, reducing the levels of free root endogenous PABA results in longer roots with extended meristems. We provide evidence that PABA represses Arabidopsis root growth in a folate-independent manner and likely acts through two mechanisms: (i) the G2/M transition of cell division in the root apical meristem and (ii) promoting premature cell differentiation in the transition zone. These data collectively suggest that PABA plays a role in Arabidopsis root growth at the intersection between cell division and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lasok
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Nziengui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Technology University of Masuku, Franceville P.O. Box 913, Gabon;
| | - Philip Kochersperger
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franck Anicet Ditengou
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Bio Imaging Core Light Microscopy (BiMiC), Institute for Disease Modelling and Targeted Medicine (IMITATE), Medical Center University of Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Modareszadeh M, Hwang S. Ethylene and ROS mediate root growth inhibition induced by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108212. [PMID: 38008009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) functions as a detrimental substance that disrupts the endocrine system in animals while also impeding the growth and development of plants. In our previous study, we demonstrated that BPA hinders the growth of roots in Arabidopsis by diminishing cell division and elongation, which is ascribed to the increased accumulation and redistribution of auxin. Here, we examined the mediation of ROS and ethylene in BPA-induced auxin accumulation and root growth inhibition. BPA enhanced ROS levels, and ROS increased auxin contents but reduced cell division activity and the expression of EXPA8 involved in root elongation. ROS scavenger treatment reversed BPA-triggered root growth retardation, auxin accumulation, and cell division inhibition. In addition, BPA induced ethylene, and ethylene synthesis inhibitor treatment reversed BPA-triggered root growth retardation and auxin accumulation. Taken together, ROS and ethylene are involved in BPA-inhibited cell elongation and cell division by mediating auxin accumulation and redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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23
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Wang Y, Li Y, He SP, Xu SW, Li L, Zheng Y, Li XB. The transcription factor ERF108 interacts with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs to mediate cotton fiber secondary cell wall biosynthesis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4133-4154. [PMID: 37542517 PMCID: PMC10615210 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play indispensable roles in plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phytohormone-mediated regulation of fiber secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) remain largely underexplored. Here, we provide mechanistic evidence for functional interplay between the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor GhERF108 and auxin response factors GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 in dictating the ethylene-auxin signaling crosstalk that regulates fiber SCW biosynthesis. Specifically, in vitro cotton ovule culture revealed that ethylene and auxin promote fiber SCW deposition. GhERF108 RNA interference (RNAi) cotton displayed remarkably reduced cell wall thickness compared with controls. GhERF108 interacted with GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 to enhance the activation of the MYB transcription factor gene GhMYBL1 (MYB domain-like protein 1) in fibers. GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 respond to auxin signals that promote fiber SCW thickening. GhMYBL1 RNAi and GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) cotton displayed similar defects in fiber SCW formation as GhERF108 RNAi cotton. Moreover, the ethylene and auxin responses were reduced in GhMYBL1 RNAi plants. GhMYBL1 directly binds to the promoters of GhCesA4-1, GhCesA4-2, and GhCesA8-1 and activates their expression to promote cellulose biosynthesis, thereby boosting fiber SCW formation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the collaboration between GhERF108 and GhARF7-1 or GhARF7-2 establishes ethylene-auxin signaling crosstalk to activate GhMYBL1, ultimately leading to the activation of fiber SCW biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Shao-Ping He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Shang-Wei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079,China
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Salazar-Gutiérrez D, Cruz-Mendívil A, Villicaña C, Heredia JB, Lightbourn-Rojas LA, León-Félix J. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanisms of Bell Pepper ( Capsicum annuum) to Phosphorus Deficiency. Metabolites 2023; 13:1078. [PMID: 37887403 PMCID: PMC10609356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important nutritional element needed by plants. Roots obtain P as inorganic phosphate (Pi), mostly in H2PO-4 form. It is vital for plants to have a sufficient supply of Pi since it participates in important processes like photosynthesis, energy transfer, and protein activation, among others. The physicochemical properties and the organic material usually make Pi bioavailability in soil low, causing crops and undomesticated plants to experience variations in accessibility or even a persistent phosphate limitation. In this study, transcriptome data from pepper roots under low-Pi stress was analyzed in order to identify Pi starvation-responsive genes and their relationship with metabolic pathways and functions. Transcriptome data were obtained from pepper roots with Pi deficiency by RNASeq and analyzed with bioinformatic tools. A total of 97 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment revealed that metabolic pathways, such as porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, were down-regulated, and galactose and fatty acid metabolism were up-regulated. The results indicate that bell pepper follows diverse processes related to low Pi tolerance regulation, such as the remobilization of internal Pi, alternative metabolic pathways to generate energy, and regulators of root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizha Salazar-Gutiérrez
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Abraham Cruz-Mendívil
- CONAHCYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave 81101, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONAHCYT-Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - José Basilio Heredia
- Functional and Nutraceutical Foods, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | | | - Josefina León-Félix
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
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25
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Zhang Z, Zhong L, Xiao W, Du Y, Han G, Yan Z, He D, Zheng C. Transcriptomics combined with physiological analysis reveals the mechanism of cadmium uptake and tolerance in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. under cadmium treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263981. [PMID: 37810396 PMCID: PMC10556529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. is a widely used medicinal plant, but its growth and quality can be negatively affected by contamination with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Despite the importance of understanding how L. chuanxiong responds to Cd stress, but little is currently known about the underlying mechanisms. Methods To address this gap, we conducted physiological and transcriptomic analyses on L. chuanxiong plants treated with different concentrations of Cd2+ (0 mg·L-1, 5 mg·L-1, 10 mg·L-1, 20 mg·L-1, and 40 mg·L-1). Results Our findings revealed that Cd stress inhibited biomass accumulation and root development while activating the antioxidant system in L. chuanxiong. Root tissues were the primary accumulation site for Cd in this plant species, with Cd being predominantly distributed in the soluble fraction and cell wall. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated the downregulation of differential genes involved in photosynthetic pathways under Cd stress. Conversely, the plant hormone signaling pathway and the antioxidant system exhibited positive responses to Cd regulation. Additionally, the expression of differential genes related to cell wall modification was upregulated, indicating potential enhancements in the root cell wall's ability to sequester Cd. Several differential genes associated with metal transport proteins were also affected by Cd stress, with ATPases, MSR2, and HAM3 playing significant roles in Cd passage from the apoplast to the cell membrane. Furthermore, ABC transport proteins were found to be key players in the intravesicular compartmentalization and efflux of Cd. Discussion In conclusion, our study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation and tolerance in L. chuanxiong, leveraging both physiological and transcriptomic approaches. The decrease in photosynthetic capacity and the regulation of plant hormone levels appear to be major factors contributing to growth inhibition in response to Cd stress. Moreover, the upregulation of differential genes involved in cell wall modification suggests a potential mechanism for enhancing root cell wall capabilities in isolating and sequestering Cd. The involvement of specific metal transport proteins further highlights their importance in Cd movement within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lele Zhong
- Evaluation and Utilization of Strategic Rare Metals and Rare Earth Resource Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanting Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaping Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiqi Han
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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26
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Siao W, Wang P, Zhao X, Vu LD, De Smet I, Russinova E. Phosphorylation of ADAPTOR PROTEIN-2 μ-adaptin by ADAPTOR-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 regulates the tropic growth of Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3504-3521. [PMID: 37440281 PMCID: PMC10473204 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ADAPTOR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (AAK1) is a known regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammals. Human AAK1 phosphorylates the μ2 subunit of the ADAPTOR PROTEIN-2 (AP-2) complex (AP2M) and plays important roles in cell differentiation and development. Previous interactome studies discovered the association of AAK1 with AP-2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but its function was unclear. Here, genetic analysis revealed that the Arabidopsis aak1 and ap2m mutants both displayed altered root tropic growth, including impaired touch- and gravity-sensing responses. In Arabidopsis, AAK1-phosphorylated AP2M on Thr-163, and expression of the phospho-null version of AP2M in the ap2m mutant led to an aak1-like phenotype, whereas the phospho-mimic forms of AP2M rescued the aak1 mutant. In addition, we found that the AAK1-dependent phosphorylation state of AP2M modulates the frequency distribution of endocytosis. Our data indicate that the phosphorylation of AP2M on Thr-163 by AAK1 fine-tunes endocytosis in the Arabidopsis root to control its tropic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Siao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiuyang Zhao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Zhang K, Gao W, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xia Y, Zhang M, Bo Y, Lyu X, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Allelic variations of ClACO gene improve nitrogen uptake via ethylene-mediated root architecture in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:199. [PMID: 37624448 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClACO gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enabled highly efficient 15N uptake in watermelon. Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient elements that play a pivotal role in regulating plant growth and development for crop productivity. Elucidating the genetic basis of high nitrogen uptake is the key to improve nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable agricultural productivity. Whereas previous researches on nitrogen absorption process are mainly focused on a few model plants or crops. To date, the causal genes that determine the efficient nitrogen uptake of watermelon have not been mapped and remains largely unknown. Here, we fine-mapped the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ClACO) gene associated with nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon via bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The variations in the ClACO gene led to the changes of gene expression levels between two watermelon accessions with different nitrogen uptake efficiencies. Intriguingly, in terms of the transcript abundance of ClACO, it was concomitant with significant differences in ethylene evolutions in roots and root architectures between the two accessions and among the different genotypic offsprings of the recombinant BC2F1(ZJU132)-18. These findings suggest that ethylene as a negative regulator altered nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon by controlling root development. In conclusion, our current study will provide valuable target gene for precise breeding of 'green' watermelon varieties with high-nitrogen uptake efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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28
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Zhao H, Sun N, Huang L, Qian R, Lin X, Sun C, Zhu Y. Azospirillum brasilense activates peroxidase-mediated cell wall modification to inhibit root cell elongation. iScience 2023; 26:107144. [PMID: 37534167 PMCID: PMC10391928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of beneficial bacterium Azospirillum brasilense-mediated root developmental remain elusive. A. brasilense elicited extensively transcriptional changes but inhibited primary root elongation in Arabidopsis. By analyzing root cell type-specific developmental markers, we demonstrated that A. brasilense affected neither overall organization nor cell division of primary root meristem. The cessation of primary root resulted from reduction of cell elongation, which is probably because of bacterially activated peroxidase that will lead to cell wall cross-linking at consuming of H2O2. The activated peroxidase combined with downregulated cell wall loosening enzymes consequently led to cell wall thickness, whereas inhibiting peroxidase restored root growth under A. brasilense inoculation. We further showed that peroxidase activity was probably promoted by cadaverine secreted by A. brasilense. These results suggest that A. brasilense inhibits root elongation by activating peroxidase and inducing cell wall modification in Arabidopsis, in which cadaverine released by A. brasilense is a potential signal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongguan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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29
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Xing L, Zhang L, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Liu Y, Wang L. ZmmiR169q/ZmNF-YA8 is a module that homeostatically regulates primary root growth and salt tolerance in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163228. [PMID: 37457348 PMCID: PMC10344899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to salt stress, plants alter the expression of manifold gene networks, enabling them to survive and thrive in the face of adversity. As a result, the growth and development of plant roots could be drastically altered, with significant inhibition of the growth of root meristematic zones. Although it is known that root growth is primarily regulated by auxins and cytokinins, the molecular regulatory mechanism by which salt stress stunts root meristems remains obscure. In this study, we found that the ZmmiR169q/ZmNF-YA8 module regulates the growth of maize taproots in response to salt stress. Salt stress downregulates ZmmiR169q expression, allowing for significant upregulation of ZmNF-YA8, which, in turn, activates ZmERF1B, triggering the upregulation of ASA1 and ASA2, two rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of tryptophan (Trp), leading to the accumulation of auxin in the root tip, thereby inhibiting root growth. The development of the maize root is stymied as meristem cell division and meristematic zone expansion are both stifled. This study reveals the ZmmiR169q/ZmNF-YA8 module's involvement in maintaining an equilibrium in bestowing plant salt tolerance and root growth and development under salt stress, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the homeostatic regulation of plant development in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xing
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hainan, China
| | - Zhuoxia Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Luo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hainan, China
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Xiong J, Yang F, Wei F, Yang F, Lin H, Zhang D. Inhibition of SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of HOOKLESS1 promotes light-induced apical hook opening in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2027-2043. [PMID: 36890719 PMCID: PMC10226575 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The apical hook protects cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem from mechanical injuries during seedling emergence from the soil. HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) is a central regulator of apical hook development, as a terminal signal onto which several pathways converge. However, how plants regulate the rapid opening of the apical hook in response to light by modulating HLS1 function remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1) interacts with HLS1 and mediates its SUMOylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutating SUMO attachment sites of HLS1 results in impaired function of HLS1, indicating that HLS1 SUMOylation is essential for its function. SUMOylated HLS1 was more likely to assemble into oligomers, which are the active form of HLS1. During the dark-to-light transition, light induces rapid apical hook opening, concomitantly with a drop in SIZ1 transcript levels, resulting in lower HLS1 SUMOylation. Furthermore, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) directly binds to the SIZ1 promoter and suppresses its transcription. HY5-initiated rapid apical hook opening partially depended on HY5 inhibition of SIZ1 expression. Taken together, our study identifies a function for SIZ1 in apical hook development, providing a dynamic regulatory mechanism linking the post-translational modification of HLS1 during apical hook formation and light-induced apical hook opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Fabin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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31
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Neves M, Correia S, Canhoto J. Ethylene Inhibition Reduces De Novo Shoot Organogenesis and Subsequent Plant Development from Leaf Explants of Solanum betaceum Cav. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091854. [PMID: 37176912 PMCID: PMC10180641 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In de novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) plant cells develop into new shoots, without the need of an existing meristem. Generally, this process is triggered by wounding and specific growth regulators, such as auxins and cytokinins. Despite the potential significance of the plant hormone ethylene in DNSO, its effect in regeneration processes of woody species has not been thoroughly investigated. To address this gap, Solanum betaceum Cav. was used as an experimental model to explore the role of this hormone on DNSO and potentially extend the findings to other woody species. In this work it was shown that ethylene positively regulates DNSO from tamarillo leaf explants. Ethylene precursors ACC and ethephon stimulated shoot regeneration by increasing the number of buds and shoots regenerated. In contrast, the inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis or perception by AVG and AgNO3 decreased shoot regeneration. Organogenic callus induced in the presence of ethylene precursors showed an upregulated expression of the auxin efflux carrier gene PIN1, suggesting that ethylene may enhance shoot regeneration by affecting auxin distribution prior to shoot development. Additionally, it was found that the de novo shoot meristems induced in explants in which ethylene biosynthesis and perception was suppressed were unable to further develop into elongated shoots. Overall, these results imply that altering ethylene levels and perception could enhance shoot regeneration efficiency in tamarillo. Moreover, we offer insights into the possible molecular mechanisms involved in ethylene-induced shoot regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLab, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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Etesami H, Jeong BR, Raheb A. Arsenic (As) resistant bacteria with multiple plant growth-promoting traits: Potential to alleviate As toxicity and accumulation in rice. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127391. [PMID: 37121023 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A currently serious agronomic concern for paddy soils is arsenic (As) contamination. Paddy soils are mostly utilized for rice cultivation. Arsenite (As(III)) is prevalent in paddy soils, and its high mobility and toxicity make As uptake by rice substantially greater than that by other food crops. Globally, interest has increased towards using As-resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to improve plant metal tolerance, promote plant growth, and immobilize As to prevent its uptake and accumulation in the edible parts of rice as much as possible. This review focuses on the As-resistant PGPB characteristics influencing rice growth and the mechanisms by which they function to alleviate As toxicity stress in rice plants. Several recent examples of mechanisms responsible for decreasing the availability of As to rice and coping with As stresses facilitated by the PGPB with multiple PGP traits (e.g., phosphate and silicate solubilization, the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, phytohormones, and siderophore, N2 fixation, sulfate reduction, the biosorption, bioaccumulation, methylation, and volatilization of As, and arsenite oxidation) are also reviewed. In addition, future research needs about the application of As-resistant PGPB with PGP traits to mitigate As accumulation in rice plants are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Alireza Raheb
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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34
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Gil MF, Azzara N, Fassolari M, Berón CM, Battaglia ME. Hormone released by the microalgae Neochlorisaquatica and alkalinization influence growth of terrestrial and floating aquatic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107635. [PMID: 36933508 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae Neochloris aquatica were previously evaluated as a potential biological control agent and source of bioactive compounds against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvae reared on microalgae suspension showed mortality or drastic effects with morphological alterations and damage in the midgut. N. aquatica have nutritional and toxic effects, resulting in delayed life cycle and incomplete adult development. Given the possibility of its use as a biological control agent, in this work we evaluate the effect of microalgae on other organisms of the environment, such as plants. Arabidopsis thaliana, a terrestrial plant, and Lemna sp., a floating aquatic plant, were selected as examples. Interaction assays and compound evaluations showed that the microalgae release auxins causing root inhibition, smaller epidermal cells and hairy root development. In Lemna sp., a slight decrease in growth rate was observed, with no deleterious effects on the fronds. On the other hand, we detected a detrimental effect on plants when interactions were performed in a closed environment, in a medium containing soluble carbonate, in which microalgae culture rapidly modifies the pH. The experiments showed that alkalinization of the medium inhibits plant growth, causing bleaching of leaves or fronds. This negative effect in plants was not observed when plants and microalgae were cultured in carbonate-free media. In conclusion, the results showed that N. aquatica can modify plant growth without being harmful, but the rapid alkalinization produced by carbon metabolism of microalgae under CO2-limiting conditions, could regulate the number of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes, 3103, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nayla Azzara
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes, 3103, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marisol Fassolari
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes, 3103, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Corina M Berón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes, 3103, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marina E Battaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes, 3103, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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35
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Sharma M, Jabaji S. Transcriptional landscape of Brachypodium distachyon roots during interaction with Bacillus velezensis strain B26. Genomics 2023; 115:110583. [PMID: 36804269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) communicate with plants through roots. The molecular mechanism by which plants and PGPR respond to each other is not very well known. In the current study, we did RNA sequence analysis of Brachypodium distachyon Bd21-3 roots inoculated with PGPR, Bacillus velezensis strain B26. From our list of differentially expressed genes, we concentrated on transcripts that have a high possibility of participating in plant-PGPR interaction. Transcripts associated to the hormone signalling pathway were differentially expressed. We identified the upregulation of various transcripts linked to ion transporters. Reduction in expression of defense signalling genes indicated that B26 suppresses the plant defense mechanisms to begin successful interaction with roots. Transcripts associated with lignin branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway were upregulated as well, leading to more accumulation of lignin in the cell wall which enhances mechanical strength of plants. Overall, this study is an excellent resource for investigating associations between plant-PGPR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Sharma
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada.
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada.
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36
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Li Y, Han S, Qi Y. Advances in structure and function of auxin response factor in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:617-632. [PMID: 36263892 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial phytohormone that has various effects on the regulators of plant growth and development. Auxin signal transduction is mainly controlled by two gene families: auxin response factor (ARF) and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA). ARFs are plant-specific transcription factors that bind directly to auxin response elements in the promoters of auxin-responsive genes. ARF proteins contain three conserved regions: a conserved N-terminal B3 DNA-binding domain, a variable intermediate middle region domain that functions in activation or repression, and a C-terminal domain including the Phox and Bem1p region for dimerization, similar to the III and IV elements of Aux/IAA, which facilitate protein-protein interaction through homodimerization of ARF proteins or heterodimerization of ARF and Aux/IAA proteins. In the two decades following the identification of the first ARF, 23 ARF members have been identified and characterized in Arabidopsis. Using whole-genome sequencing, 22, 25, 23, 25, and 36 ARF genes have been identified in tomato, rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize, respectively, in addition to which the related biofunctions of some ARFs have been reported. ARFs play crucial roles in regulating the growth and development of roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and phytohormone signal crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the structures and functions of ARFs in Arabidopsis, tomato, and cereal crops, to provide clues for future basic research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Shaqila Han
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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37
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Ma B, Ma T, Xian W, Hu B, Chu C. Interplay between ethylene and nitrogen nutrition: How ethylene orchestrates nitrogen responses in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:399-407. [PMID: 36053148 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Nitrogen (N) is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants, and its availability is a major determinant for crop production. Changes in N availability or N forms can alter ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling. Ethylene serves as an important cellular signal to mediate root system architecture adaptation, N uptake and translocation, ammonium toxicity, anthocyanin accumulation, and premature senescence, thereby adapting plant growth and development to external N status. Here, we review the ethylene-mediated morphological and physiological responses and highlight how ethylene transduces the N signals to the adaptive responses. We specifically discuss the N-ethylene relations in rice, an important cereal crop in which ethylene is essential for its hypoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhao Xian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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38
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Integrative Transcriptome, miRNAs, Degradome, and Phytohormone Analysis of Brassica rapa L. in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032414. [PMID: 36768734 PMCID: PMC9916777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clubroot is an infectious root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica crops, which can cause immeasurable losses. We analyzed integrative transcriptome, small RNAs, degradome, and phytohormone comprehensively to explore the infection mechanism of P. brassicae. In this study, root samples of Brassica rapa resistant line material BrT24 (R-line) and susceptible line material Y510-9 (S-line) were collected at four different time points for cytological, transcriptome, miRNA, and degradome analyses. We found the critical period of disease resistance and infection were at 0-3 DAI (days after inoculation) and 9-20 DAI, respectively. Based on our finding, we further analyzed the data of 9 DAI vs. 20 DAI of S-line and predicted the key genes ARF8, NAC1, NAC4, TCP10, SPL14, REV, and AtHB, which were related to clubroot disease development and regulating disease resistance mechanisms. These genes are mainly related to auxin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, and ethylene cycles. We proposed a regulatory model of plant hormones under the mRNA-miRNA regulation in the critical period of P. brassicae infection by using the present data of the integrative transcriptome, small RNAs, degradome, and phytohormone with our previously published results. Our integrative analysis provided new insights into the regulation relationship of miRNAs and plant hormones during the process of disease infection with P. brassicae.
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Zhang Y, Xiao T, Yi F, Yu J. SimiR396d targets SiGRF1 to regulate drought tolerance and root growth in foxtail millet. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111492. [PMID: 36243168 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play critical roles in growth, development and abiotic stress responses. SimR396d is a miRNA whose expression level is much higher in foxtail millet roots than other tissues. Whether SimR396d is involved in foxtail millet root growth and response to abiotic stress is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SimiR396d modulates both drought response and root growth in foxtail millet. The expression of SimiR396d is induced by PEG treatment. Overexpression of SimiR396d enhances drought tolerance and root length, while knockdown SimiR396d expression using target mimics of SimiR396d (MIM396) resulted in reduced drought tolerance and shortened root length. Furthermore, we identified and confirmed a plant-specific transcription factor, growth-regulating factor 1 (SiGRF1), as a direct target of SimiR396d. Overexpression of SiGRF1 in foxtail millet resulted in suppressed root growth and reduced sensitivity to drought stress. Moreover, ethylene signaling is necessary for SimiR396d and SiGRF1 to participate in the regulation of plant root growth. These results revealed a pivotal role of SimiR396d in drought tolerance and root growth in foxtail millet. SimiR396d-SiGRF1 regulatory module provides a strategy to improve drought-stress resistance of crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Shekhawat K, Fröhlich K, García-Ramírez GX, Trapp MA, Hirt H. Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant-Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010031. [PMID: 36611825 PMCID: PMC9818225 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant phytohormone ethylene regulates numerous physiological processes and contributes to plant-microbe interactions. Plants induce ethylene production to ward off pathogens after recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, plant immune responses against pathogens are essentially not different from those triggered by neutral and beneficial microbes. Recent studies indicate that ethylene is an important factor for beneficial plant-microbial association under abiotic stress such as salt and heat stress. The association of beneficial microbes with plants under abiotic stresses modulates ethylene levels which control the expression of ethylene-responsive genes (ERF), and ERFs further regulate the plant transcriptome, epi-transcriptome, Na+/K+ homeostasis and antioxidant defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding ethylene-dependent plant-microbe interactions is crucial for the development of new strategies aimed at enhancing plant tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we underline the importance of ethylene in beneficial plant-microbe interaction under abiotic stresses.
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Shao Z, Zhao B, Kotla P, Burns JG, Tran J, Ke M, Chen X, Browning KS, Qiao H. Phosphorylation status of Bβ subunit acts as a switch to regulate the function of phosphatase PP2A in ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1762-1778. [PMID: 36073540 PMCID: PMC9828452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The various combinations and regulations of different subunits of phosphatase PP2A holoenzymes underlie their functional complexity and importance. However, molecular mechanisms governing the assembly of PP2A complex in response to external or internal signals remain largely unknown, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phosphorylation status of Bβ of PP2A acts as a switch to regulate the activity of PP2A. In the absence of ethylene, phosphorylated Bβ leads to an inactivation of PP2A; the substrate EIR1 remains to be phosphorylated, preventing the EIR1-mediated auxin transport in epidermis, leading to normal root growth. Upon ethylene treatment, the dephosphorylated Bβ mediates the formation of the A2-C4-Bβ protein complex to activate PP2A, resulting in the dephosphorylation of EIR1 to promote auxin transport in epidermis of elongation zone, leading to root growth inhibition. Altogether, our research revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which the dephosphorylation of Bβ subunit switches on PP2A activity to dephosphorylate EIR1 to establish EIR1-mediated auxin transport in the epidermis in elongation zone for root growth inhibition in response to ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Shao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Prashanth Kotla
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Jackson G. Burns
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Jaclyn Tran
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Meiyu Ke
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Karen S. Browning
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
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42
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Gambhir P, Singh V, Parida A, Raghuvanshi U, Kumar R, Sharma AK. Ethylene response factor ERF.D7 activates auxin response factor 2 paralogs to regulate tomato fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2775-2796. [PMID: 36130295 PMCID: PMC9706452 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the obligatory role of ethylene in climacteric fruit ripening and the identification of 77 ethylene response factors (ERFs) in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome, the role of few ERFs has been validated in the ripening process. Here, using a comprehensive morpho-physiological, molecular, and biochemical approach, we demonstrate the regulatory role of ERF D7 (SlERF.D7) in tomato fruit ripening. SlERF.D7 expression positively responded to exogenous ethylene and auxin treatments, most likely in a ripening inhibitor-independent manner. SlERF.D7 overexpression (OE) promoted ripening, and its silencing had the opposite effect. Alterations in its expression modulated ethylene production, pigment accumulation, and fruit firmness. Consistently, genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, lycopene biosynthesis, and cell wall loosening were upregulated in the OE lines and downregulated in RNAi lines. These transgenic lines also accumulated altered levels of indole-3-acetic acid at late-breaker stages. A positive association between auxin response factor 2 (ARF2) paralog's transcripts and SlERF.D7 mRNA levels and that SlARF2A and SlARF2B are direct targets of SlERF.D7 underpinned the perturbed auxin-ethylene crosstalk for the altered ripening program observed in the transgenic fruits. Overall, this study uncovers that SlERF.D7 positively regulates SlARF2A/B abundance to amalgamate auxin and ethylene signaling pathways for controlling tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gambhir
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Vijendra Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Adwaita Parida
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Utkarsh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Zhang H, Yang Q, Zhao J, Chen J, Wang S, Ma M, Liu H, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Zhou D, Wang X, Gao J, Zhao H. Metabolites from Bacillus subtilis J-15 Affect Seedling Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Cotton Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3205. [PMID: 36501248 PMCID: PMC9739671 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis J-15 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from the soil rhizosphere of cotton and is resistant to cotton verticillium wilt. This study evaluated the effects of metabolites of J-15 (J-15-Ms), including mycosubtilin, on plant growth using Arabidopsis and cotton plants. The results showed that J-15-Ms promoted Arabidopsis seeding growth at lower concentrations of 0.2 μg/mL but inhibited the growth at higher concentrations, such as 20 μg/mL. Similar results were obtained in cotton. Thus, J-15-Ms-treated plants showed low-concentration-induced growth promotion and high-concentration-induced growth inhibition. The J-15-Ms components were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Correlation analysis using the J-15 genomic databases suggested that J-15 may synthesize indoleacetic acid via the indole-3-pymvate pathway and indole-3-acetamide pathway. Treatment with mycosubtilin, a purified peptide from J-15-Ms, showed that the peptide promoted Arabidopsis growth at a low concentration (0.1 μg/mL) and inhibited plant growth at high concentrations (higher than 1 μg/mL), which also significantly increased plant lateral root number. Transcriptomic analysis showed that mycosubtilin might promote lateral root development and inhibit plant primary root growth by regulating the expression of the plant hormone signaling pathway. This study reveals the mechanism of Bacillus subtilis J-15 in affecting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Qilin Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Huixin Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
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Yi N, Yang H, Zhang X, Pian R, Li H, Zeng W, Wu AM. The physiological and transcriptomic study of secondary growth in Neolamarckia cadamba stimulated by the ethylene precursor ACC. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:35-46. [PMID: 36096025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Though many biological roles of ethylene have been investigated intensively, the molecular mechanism of ethylene's action in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, on the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba seedlings, a fast-growing tropical tree. After 14 days of ACC treatment, the plants showed a reduced physiological morphology while stem diameter increased; however, this did not occur after the addition of 1-MCP. Meanwhile, the lignin content of N. cadamba also increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes ACC oxidase (ACO) and ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3) were up-regulated mainly at the 6th hour and the 3rd day of the ACC treatment, respectively. The transcription levels of transcription factors, mainly in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), ethylene response factor (ERF), WRKY and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) families, involved in the ethylene signaling and secondary growth also increased significantly. Furthermore, in accordance to the increased lignification of the stem, the transcriptional level of key enzymes in the phenylalanine pathway were elevated after the ACC treatment. Our results revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the secondary growth stimulated by exogenous ACC treatment on N. cadamba seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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45
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Numata T, Sugita K, Ahamed Rahman A, Rahman A. Actin isovariant ACT7 controls root meristem development in Arabidopsis through modulating auxin and ethylene responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6255-6271. [PMID: 35749807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The meristem is the most functionally dynamic part in a plant. The shaping of the meristem requires constant cell division and elongation, which are influenced by hormones and the cytoskeletal component, actin. Although the roles of hormones in modulating meristem development have been extensively studied, the role of actin in this process is still elusive. Using the single and double mutants of the vegetative class actin, we demonstrate that actin isovariant ACT7 plays an important role in root meristem development. In the absence of ACT7, but not ACT8 and ACT2, depolymerization of actin was observed. Consistently, the act7 mutant showed reduced cell division, cell elongation, and meristem length. Intracellular distribution and trafficking of auxin transport proteins in the actin mutants revealed that ACT7 specifically functions in the root meristem to facilitate the trafficking of auxin efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN2, and consequently the transport of auxin. Compared with act7, the act7act8 double mutant exhibited slightly enhanced phenotypic response and altered intracellular trafficking. The altered distribution of auxin in act7 and act7act8 affects the response of the roots to ethylene, but not to cytokinin. Collectively, our results suggest that ACT7-dependent auxin-ethylene response plays a key role in controlling Arabidopsis root meristem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Numata
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugita
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Arifa Ahamed Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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46
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De Palma M, Scotti R, D’Agostino N, Zaccardelli M, Tucci M. Phyto-Friendly Soil Bacteria and Fungi Provide Beneficial Outcomes in the Host Plant by Differently Modulating Its Responses through (In)Direct Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2672. [PMID: 36297696 PMCID: PMC9612229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural systems based on the application of phyto-friendly bacteria and fungi are increasingly needed to preserve soil fertility and microbial biodiversity, as well as to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Although there is considerable attention on the potential applications of microbial consortia as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents for crop management, knowledge on the molecular responses modulated in host plants because of these beneficial associations is still incomplete. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the different mechanisms of action triggered by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to promote host-plant growth and improve its defense system. In addition, we combined available gene-expression profiling data from tomato roots sampled in the early stages of interaction with Pseudomonas or Trichoderma strains to develop an integrated model that describes the common processes activated by both PGPMs and highlights the host's different responses to the two microorganisms. All the information gathered will help define new strategies for the selection of crop varieties with a better ability to benefit from the elicitation of microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotti
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Massimo Zaccardelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
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47
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Liu Z, Hartman S, van Veen H, Zhang H, Leeggangers HACF, Martopawiro S, Bosman F, de Deugd F, Su P, Hummel M, Rankenberg T, Hassall KL, Bailey-Serres J, Theodoulou FL, Voesenek LACJ, Sasidharan R. Ethylene augments root hypoxia tolerance via growth cessation and reactive oxygen species amelioration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1365-1383. [PMID: 35640551 PMCID: PMC9516759 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flooded plants experience impaired gas diffusion underwater, leading to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). The volatile plant hormone ethylene is rapidly trapped in submerged plant cells and is instrumental for enhanced hypoxia acclimation. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning ethylene-enhanced hypoxia survival remain unclear. We studied the effect of ethylene pretreatment on hypoxia survival of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary root tips. Both hypoxia itself and re-oxygenation following hypoxia are highly damaging to root tip cells, and ethylene pretreatments reduced this damage. Ethylene pretreatment alone altered the abundance of transcripts and proteins involved in hypoxia responses, root growth, translation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Through imaging and manipulating ROS abundance in planta, we demonstrated that ethylene limited excessive ROS formation during hypoxia and subsequent re-oxygenation and improved oxidative stress survival in a PHYTOGLOBIN1-dependent manner. In addition, we showed that root growth cessation via ethylene and auxin occurred rapidly and that this quiescence behavior contributed to enhanced hypoxia tolerance. Collectively, our results show that the early flooding signal ethylene modulates a variety of processes that all contribute to hypoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongtao Zhang
- Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Hendrika A C F Leeggangers
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Shanice Martopawiro
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bosman
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Florian de Deugd
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Peng Su
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen Hummel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Tom Rankenberg
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsty L Hassall
- Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | | | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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48
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Crosstalk of Cytokinin with Ethylene and Auxin for Cell Elongation Inhibition and Boron Transport in Arabidopsis Primary Root under Boron Deficiency. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182344. [PMID: 36145745 PMCID: PMC9504276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the role of phytohormones in the regulation of root growth of Arabidopsis plants under boron (B) deficiency. Ethylene and auxin play an important role in the control of Arabidopsis primary root cell elongation under short-term B deprivation, whereas cytokinins regulate root growth inhibition under B deficiency by controlling meristem cell proliferation. In this work, we study the possible interaction among cytokinin, ethylene, and auxin in the primary root response to B-deprivation treatment, as well as their possible role in B uptake and transport. Wild type (WT) and two mutants related to auxin and ethylene (aux1 and acs11) Arabidopsis plants were grown in control (10 µM B) or B starvation (0 µM B) treatment, in the absence or presence of trans-zeatin, and their primary root growth was analyzed. The possible interaction between these hormones was also studied by analyzing AUX1 gene expression in the acs11 mutant and ACS11 gene expression in the aux1 mutant. The GUS reporter lines ARR5::GUS, IAA2::GUS, and EBS::GUS were used to observe changes in cytokinin, auxin, and ethylene levels in the root, respectively. The results of this work suggest that cytokinin inhibits root cell elongation under B deficiency through two different mechanisms: (i) an ethylene-dependent mechanism through increased expression of the ACS11 gene, which would lead to increased ethylene in the root, and (ii) an ethylene-independent mechanism through decreased expression of the AUX1 gene, which alters auxin signaling in the meristematic and elongation zones and stele. We also report that changes in the expression of several B transporters occur in response to auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin that may affect the plant B content.
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49
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Garcia C, Furtado de Almeida AA, Costa M, Britto D, Correa F, Mangabeira P, Silva L, Silva J, Royaert S, Marelli JP. Single-base resolution methylomes of somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L. reveal epigenome modifications associated with somatic embryo abnormalities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15097. [PMID: 36064870 PMCID: PMC9445004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagation by somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao has some issues to be solved, as many morphologically abnormal somatic embryos that do not germinate into plants are frequently observed, thus hampering plant production on a commercial scale. For the first time the methylome landscape of T. cacao somatic embryogenesis was examined, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing technique, with the aim to understand the epigenetic basis of somatic embryo abnormalities. We identified 873 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the CpG context between zygotic embryos, normal and abnormal somatic embryos, with important roles in development, programmed cell death, oxidative stress, and hypoxia induction, which can help to explain the morphological abnormalities of somatic embryos. We also identified the role of ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate in several biological processes, such as hypoxia induction, cell differentiation and cell polarity, that could be associated to the development of abnormal somatic embryos. The biological processes and the hypothesis of ethylene and its precursor involvement in the somatic embryo abnormalities in cacao are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcio Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Correa
- Department of Statistics, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Pedro Mangabeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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50
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A Plant Growth Promoting of Rhizobacteria and Endophytic Bacteria in Vegetable Rhizosphere and Root Samples. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobacteria and endophytic bacteria are popular for its abilities in influencing plant growth and development. The strategy employed these bacteria as biofertilizer for planting is believed to bring several benefits such as low cost, eco-friendly, and feasible. One of the remarkable products for plant growth promoting provided by rhizobacteria and endophytic bacteria were the advantageous enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, phosphatase, and cellulase. These biocatalysts then involve in several direct or indirect pathways of nutrient, growth factor, and/or defense factor synthesizes. From five different essential leafy vegetables in Thailand, this study aimed to investigate the plant growth promoting potentials of endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria isolated from root tissue and rhizosphere, respectively, via IAA quantitative and enzyme activity assays. The selected bacterial strains were further identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and observed their interaction with plant root using scanning electron microscope method. Our study, thus far, has isolated two bacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis MSE5 and Bacillus cereus AVR1, respectively, with multifunctional traits of potential on the plant growth. Importantly, these two strains of MSE5 and AVR1 had shown the capacity to advance root colonization. Therefore, MSE5 and AVR1 are recommended for further studies in developing eco-friendly biofertilizer. In addition, some novel cellulose-degrading bacterial strains with significant potential on hydrolysis capacity were also isolated that might be valuable for industrial applications.
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