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Schulder T, Rudenstine S, Bhatt KJ, McNeal K, Ettman CK, Galea S. A multilevel approach to social support as a determinant of mental health during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:640-653. [PMID: 35253918 PMCID: PMC9088273 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has detrimentally affected the mental health of lower income communities. We sought to investigate the relationship among multilevel social support, specifically individual-, network-, and neighborhood-level social supports, COVID-19-related stressors, and probable diagnoses of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress (PTS), within a racially diverse and predominantly low-socioeconomic status population. We used multiple logistic regressions to assess the odds of diagnosis for high versus low social support and stressor levels. Participants who endorsed high levels of stress had significantly higher odds of probable diagnoses. Participants who endorsed low individual-level social support had higher odds of probable depression and anxiety. Those who endorsed low neighborhood-level social support had higher odds of probable depression and probable PTS. Network-level social support was not significantly associated with the health indicators of interest. Results indicate the importance of both individual- and neighborhood-level support to protect mental health during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Schulder
- Department of PsychologyThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sasha Rudenstine
- Department of PsychologyThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Krish J. Bhatt
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kat McNeal
- Department of PsychologyThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public HealthBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Jennings V, Rigolon A, Thompson J, Murray A, Henderson A, Gragg RS. The Dynamic Relationship between Social Cohesion and Urban Green Space in Diverse Communities: Opportunities and Challenges to Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:800. [PMID: 38929046 PMCID: PMC11204079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Social cohesion is a key factor within social determinants of health and well-being. Urban green spaces can provide environments that potentially facilitate meaningful and positive social interactions that promote social cohesion, equity, human health, and well-being. However, the lack of integration of existing research on social cohesion, urban green spaces, and public health in diverse (e.g., racially and ethnically) communities limits culturally relevant strategies to address health disparities. In this manuscript, we synthesize research on the potential of urban green spaces to promote social cohesion and public health in historically excluded communities. Particularly, we explore the development of social cohesion as it relates to the social environment, built environment, leisure opportunities, green space maintenance, safety, and green gentrification. We highlight key factors and their application to meet opportunities and challenges to social and public health. A conceptual framework is presented to provide an overview and illustrate connections found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viniece Jennings
- School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jasmine Thompson
- Department of Public Health, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Athena Murray
- Department of Public Health, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Ariel Henderson
- Department of Public Health, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
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3
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Westbrook M. The embodiment of exclusionary displacement pressure: Intersections of housing insecurity and mental health in a Hispanic/Latinx immigrant neighborhood. Soc Sci Med 2024; 351:116996. [PMID: 38788428 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Gentrification, growing income inequality, urban development, and the affordable housing crisis necessitate understanding the impact of the concern of displacement on health - prior to or even in the absence of a displacement event. In this paper, I use the term "exclusionary displacement pressure" to unify the literature on exclusionary displacement and displacement pressure, highlighting the disproportionate and inequitable impacts of displacement pressure among communities of color. Through following 35 residents over 2.5-years (2019-2022) in one predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latinx immigrant neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, I examine how exclusionary displacement pressure shapes their health and wellbeing over time. Through paying attention to how participants' lived experience is shaped by structural vulnerability (e.g. lack of documentation status, inadequate work, limited access to safety net systems), I identify how exclusionary displacement pressure is constantly internalized and responded to as a unique embodied health experience, wearing on individuals over time and reproducing population health inequities. The framework of embodied health experiences captures the wide range of health-related impacts, from diagnosable health conditions to idioms of distress, using participant's own language of suffering to express how they were feeling, battling, and enduring the pressure. Theorizing on structural vulnerability within specific subpopulations with intersecting identities, such as low-income immigrant Hispanic/Latinx communities, provides a bottom-up refinement to existing theories of embodied health. Understanding the place-health experiences of individuals in changing neighborhoods over time is also critically important to define time points at which context-specific supports and interventions are appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Westbrook
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, 1810 SW 5th Avenue, Suite 510, Portland, OR. 97201, USA.
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Beenackers MA, Kruize H, Barsties L, Acda A, Bakker I, Droomers M, Kamphuis CBM, Koomen E, Nijkamp JE, Vaandrager L, Völker B, Luijben G, Ruijsbroek A. Urban densification in the Netherlands and its impact on mental health: An expert-based causal loop diagram. Health Place 2024; 87:103218. [PMID: 38564990 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Urban densification is a key strategy to accommodate rapid urban population growth, but emerging evidence suggests serious risks of urban densification for individuals' mental health. To better understand the complex pathways from urban densification to mental health, we integrated interdisciplinary expert knowledge in a causal loop diagram via group model building techniques. Six subsystems were identified: five subsystems describing mechanisms on how changes in the urban system caused by urban densification may impact mental health, and one showing how changes in mental health may alter urban densification. The new insights can help to develop resilient, healthier cities for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle A Beenackers
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke Kruize
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lisa Barsties
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Annelies Acda
- Annelies Acda Advies - public health, policy and the built environment, Bussum, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid Bakker
- Department of Urban Innovation, Research Centre of Social Innovations Flevoland, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Almere, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariël Droomers
- Department of Public Health, City of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric Koomen
- Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannette E Nijkamp
- Department of Healthy Cities, Research Centre for Built Environment NoorderRuimte, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lenneke Vaandrager
- Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Beate Völker
- Department Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Centre for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Guus Luijben
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie Ruijsbroek
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Kulkarni SJ, Notario H. Trapped in housing insecurity: Socioecological barriers to housing access experienced by intimate partner violence survivors from marginalized communities. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:439-458. [PMID: 37172291 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Homelessness and intimate partner violence (IPV) do not impact all communities equally. Survivors from marginalized communities-that is communities that have been historically and structurally excluded from social, economic, and political resources-face additional challenges weathering IPV and housing crises. Understanding the housing experiences of marginalized survivors is necessary to achieve housing equity for all survivors. Community-based participatory research methods were utilized to convene 14 listening sessions (7 primary/7 validation) with Black and Latinx IPV survivors with intersectional identities (n = 92). Listening sessions were held in community-based locations including a church, health clinic, social service agency, and private residence. The last five validation sessions were conducted virtually on Zoom due to COVID pandemic protocols. All listening sessions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Latinx population listening sessions were conducted in Spanish and were implemented and translated with attention to linguistic justice principles. The research team used a modified constructivist grounded theory approach for data analysis. Four overarching themes (and seven subthemes) related to survivors' housing experiences emerged: (1) safety and healing challenges, including living in unhealthy physical environments, not being safe in their homes, and contending with community violence, sexual exploitation threats, and eviction fears; (2) formal service fragmentation/bureaucracy that hampered access to housing resource information and resources; (3) resource scarcity associated with limited affordable housing stock; and (4) systemic oppression resulting from discriminatory treatment and gentrification. Comprehensive multileveled approaches are needed to disrupt the cycle of housing insecurity for IPV survivors from marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti J Kulkarni
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heidi Notario
- National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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Farmer N, Tuason R, Middleton KR, Ude A, Tataw-Ayuketah G, Flynn S, Kazmi N, Baginski A, Mitchell V, Powell-Wiley TM, Wallen GR. Assessing Acceptability: The Role of Understanding Participant, Neighborhood, and Community Contextual Factors in Designing a Community-Tailored Cooking Intervention. Nutrients 2024; 16:463. [PMID: 38337747 PMCID: PMC10857272 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooking is an identified dietary strategy that is positively associated with optimal diet quality. Prior to initiating cooking interventions, evaluating the prospective acceptability of the intervention among community members living within low food access areas and understanding geospatial food shopping locations may aid in designing community-tailored interventions. METHODS A sequential mixed methods study was conducted to determine the prospective acceptability of a planned community-located cooking intervention among African American adults living in a low food access area and with at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor. A semi-structured guide was used to conduct five virtual focus groups. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and validated through participant check-in interviews. Survey responses were analyzed based on descriptive data. Geospatial analysis of participant locations that were reported for food shopping was conducted to show food environment utilization. RESULTS Focus groups with study participants (n = 20, all female, mean age 60.3, SD 9.3, mean cooking frequency per week 4.0, food insecure n = 7) were conducted between March and April, 2021. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts identified five main themes as follows: (A) Barriers to Cooking (family and caregiving, transportation, COVID-19 pandemic, time availability, household composition); (B) Motivators for Cooking (family, caregiving, health, enjoyment, COVID-19 pandemic); (C) Strategies (food shopping, social support, social media, meal planning); (D) Neighborhood (gentrification, perceived safety, stigmatization, disparities in grocery stores); (E) and Acceptability of the Intervention (reasons to participate, barriers, recruitment, intervention delivery). Participant validation interviews confirmed the themes and subthemes as well as the illustrative quotes. Geospatial analysis showed a majority of locations were outside of the participants' residential areas. CONCLUSIONS Prospective acceptability of a community-tailored cooking intervention found that the planned intervention could be modified to address individual level factors, such as caregiving and health, community contextual factors, such as perceived safety, and the general health needs of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Farmer
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, The National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.T.); (K.R.M.); (N.K.); (A.B.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Ralph Tuason
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, The National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.T.); (K.R.M.); (N.K.); (A.B.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Kimberly R. Middleton
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, The National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.T.); (K.R.M.); (N.K.); (A.B.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Assumpta Ude
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.U.); (G.T.-A.); (S.F.)
| | - Gladys Tataw-Ayuketah
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.U.); (G.T.-A.); (S.F.)
| | - Sharon Flynn
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.U.); (G.T.-A.); (S.F.)
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, The National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.T.); (K.R.M.); (N.K.); (A.B.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Alyssa Baginski
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, The National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.T.); (K.R.M.); (N.K.); (A.B.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Valerie Mitchell
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.M.); (T.M.P.-W.)
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.M.); (T.M.P.-W.)
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, The National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.T.); (K.R.M.); (N.K.); (A.B.); (G.R.W.)
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Zhou EG, Schwartz AE, Elbel B. Gentrification and childhood obesity: Evidence from New York City public school students in public housing. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:390-397. [PMID: 37984557 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the effect of gentrification on the weight outcomes of New York City public school students living in public housing. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 19,022 New York City public school students in public housing followed during 2009-2017, weight outcomes of students living in public housing buildings in gentrified neighborhoods were compared to those living in consistently low-socioeconomic-status neighborhoods; assignment was quasi-random in each borough. RESULTS Among the 42,182 student-year observations, gentrification did not increase weight outcomes significantly, for BMI z scores (0.037; 95% CI: -0.012 to 0.086), obesity (0.6 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI: -0.9 to 2.1), or overweight (1.3 pp; 95% CI: -0.7 to 3.2). However, heterogeneous effects by borough were found, where the gentrification in Manhattan increased students' BMI z scores by 0.19 (95% CI: 0.09-0.29), obesity by 3.4 pp (95% CI: 0.03-6.5), and overweight by 9.2 pp (95% CI: 6.3-12.1). No heterogeneity by race and ethnicity, gender, or age was found. CONCLUSIONS With strong internal validity, this study shows that neighborhood gentrification differentially influenced children's health through obesity, based on borough of residence. Such findings could inform policies or interventions focused on subpopulations and geographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Zhou
- NYU Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy Ellen Schwartz
- Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Brian Elbel
- NYU Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Pichardo CM, Ezeani A, Pichardo MS, Agurs‐Collins T, Powell‐Wiley TM, Ryan B, Minas TZ, Bailey‐Whyte M, Tang W, Dorsey TH, Wooten W, Loffredo CA, Ambs S. Association of neighborhood gentrification with prostate cancer and immune markers in African American and European American men. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6828. [PMID: 38151903 PMCID: PMC10807554 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies showed that neighborhood deprivation increases the risk of lethal prostate cancer. However, the role of neighborhood gentrification in prostate cancer development and outcome remains poorly understood. We examined the relationships of gentrification with prostate cancer and serum proteome-defined inflammation and immune function in a diverse cohort. METHODS The case-control study included 769 cases [405 African American (AA), 364 European American (EA) men] and 1023 controls (479 AA and 544 EA), with 219 all-cause and 59 prostate cancer-specific deaths among cases. Geocodes were linked to a neighborhood gentrification index (NGI) derived from US Census data. Cox and logistic regression, and MANOVA, were used to determine associations between NGI, as continuous or quintiles (Q), and outcomes. RESULTS Adjusting for individual socioeconomic status (SES), continuous NGI was positively associated with prostate cancer among all men (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.14). AA and low-income men experienced the highest odds of prostate cancer when residing in tracts with moderate gentrification, whereas EA men experienced reduced odds of regional/metastatic cancer with increased gentrification in SES-adjusted analyses. Continuous NGI also associated with mortality among men presenting with localized disease and low-income men in SES-adjusted Cox regression analyses. NGI was not associated with serum proteome-defined chemotaxis, inflammation, and tumor immunity suppression. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that neighborhood gentrification associates with prostate cancer and mortality in this diverse population albeit associations were heterogenous within subgroups. The observations suggest that changing neighborhood socioeconomic environments may affect prostate cancer risk and outcome, likely through multifactorial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adaora Ezeani
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCINIHRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Margaret S. Pichardo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPenn MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tanya Agurs‐Collins
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCINIHRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Tiffany M. Powell‐Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Brid Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tsion Zewdu Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Maeve Bailey‐Whyte
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- School of MedicineUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Tiffany H. Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - William Wooten
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics Shared ServiceBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher A. Loffredo
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
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Silva JP, Santos CJ, Torres E, Martínez-Manrique L, Barros H, Ribeiro AI. A double-edged sword: Residents' views on the health consequences of gentrification in Porto, Portugal. Soc Sci Med 2023; 336:116259. [PMID: 37806145 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Gentrification is currently shaping the urban environment in important ways. It also contributes to shaping the health of the inhabitants of gentrifying cities, although it is still unclear how. Gentrification processes are often linked to different drivers and have specific local translations, further complicating the study of the relationship between gentrification and health. We investigated this relationship in Porto, Portugal, a southern European city undergoing rampant transnational gentrification. In order to study how gentrification impacts health from the point of view of that city's residents, we conducted a study using photovoice with a sample of participants recruited from a population-based cohort, which was divided into three different groups: one from gentrifying areas of Porto, another from deprived non-gentrifying areas, and the other from affluent areas. The thematic analysis of data generated six themes, each referring to a change, or a set of connected changes, related to gentrification: increasing floating population, lack of housing access and displacement, construction and rehabilitation, changing local commerce, loss of place, and broader socioeconomic change. According to the accounts from participants, these changes affect health in different ways, both beneficial and harmful. Participants also reflected on how to act on this issue. This research adds to the knowledge about the relationship between gentrification and health by providing detailed and nuanced views about this relationship considering its city-wide impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Silva
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Portugal; Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Jardim Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ema Torres
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucía Martínez-Manrique
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, C. Dr. Luis Montes, S/N, 28935, Madrid, Spain; Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28801, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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10
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Gao X, Thomas TA, Morello-Frosch R, Allen AM, Snowden JM, Carmichael SL, Mujahid MS. Neighborhood gentrification, displacement, and severe maternal morbidity in California. Soc Sci Med 2023; 334:116196. [PMID: 37678111 PMCID: PMC10959124 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Gentrification, a racialized and profit-driven process in which historically disinvested neighborhoods experience an influx of development that contributes to the improvement of physical amenities, increasing housing costs, and the dispossession and displacement of existing communities, may influence the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Leveraging a racially diverse population-based sample of all live hospital births in California between 2006 and 2017, we examined associations between neighborhood-level gentrification and SMM. SMM was defined as having one of 21 procedures and diagnoses, as described in the SMM index developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We compared three gentrification measures to determine which operationalization best captures aspects of gentrification most salient to SMM: Freeman, Landis 3-D, and Urban Displacement Project Gentrification and Displacement Typology. Descriptive analysis assessed bivariate associations between gentrification and birthing people's characteristics. Overall and race and ethnicity-stratified mixed-effects logistic models assessed associations between gentrification and SMM, adjusting for individual sociodemographic and pregnancy factors while accounting for clustering by census tract. The study sample included 5,256,905 births, with 72,718 cases of SMM (1.4%). The percentage of individuals living in a gentrifying neighborhood ranged from 5.7% to 11.7% across exposure assessment methods. Net of individual and pregnancy-related factors, neighborhood-level gentrification, as measured by the Freeman method, was protective against SMM (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86-0.93); in comparison, gentrification, as measured by the Gentrification and Displacement Typology, was associated with greater risk of SMM (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.14-1.23). These associations were significant among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic individuals. Findings demonstrate that gentrification plays a role in shaping the risk of SMM among birthing people in California. Differences in how gentrification is conceptualized and measured, such as an emphasis on housing affordability compared to a broader characterization of gentrification's multiple aspects, may explain the heterogeneity in the directions of observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Timothy A Thomas
- Urban Displacement Project, Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amani M Allen
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Snowden
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, OR, USA
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahasin S Mujahid
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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11
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Pearman FA, Steyer L. Gentrification, displacement, and academic achievement: A formal mediation analysis. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 115:102905. [PMID: 37858359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood has long been known to adversely affect children's academic achievement. Comparatively less is known about what happens to children's academic achievement when disadvantaged neighborhoods gentrify. This study uses data from a nationally representative sample of children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 1,163) along with counterfactual methods and a value-added design to examine how gentrification and residential displacement figure into children's academic achievement patterns. This study provides a formal mediation analysis that decomposes the total effect of gentrification on children's academic achievement into that which operates through residential displacement versus alternative pathways. This study finds that the effects of gentrification on children's achievement patterns were concentrated amongst low-income children and were observed most strongly when gentrifiers were White. Low-income children exposed to gentrification saw declines in their academic performance trajectories, especially in math. These adverse effects were not found to be mediated by residential displacement. A comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses indicates that results were robust to unobserved confounding, alternative model specifications, different weighting strategies, and multiple measures of gentrification and displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A Pearman
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, CERAS 524, 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Lily Steyer
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, CERAS 524, 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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12
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Auchincloss AH, Mucciaccio F, Fang CY, Ruggiero DA, Hirsch JA, Zhong J, Li M, Egleston BL, Tseng M. Neighborhood gentrification, wealth, and co-ethnic density associations with acculturation stressors among Chinese immigrants. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101476. [PMID: 37583620 PMCID: PMC10424118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between neighborhood social composition and gentrification, and acculturation stressors. Methods Person-level data came from first-generation Chinese immigrants enrolled in the Immigrant Enclaves Study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, baseline 2018-2020, N = 512). A validated scale was used to assess 22 stressors associated with migration or acculturation. Neighborhood characteristics from the American Community Survey 2015-2019 and 2008-2012 included: tract proportion of foreign born Chinese, neighborhood wealth, and past decade gentrification. Most neighborhood exposures were modeled as continuous as well as binary variables (intended to represent highest level of neighborhood exposure). Multivariable negative binomial regression adjusted for age, gender, income, education, employment, language, years in the U.S., and neighborhood variables (proportion co-ethnic, and neighborhood per capita income). Results The majority of participants spoke Mandarin (68% vs Cantonese 32%), mean participant age was 52.7 years old, years in the US was 18, and nearly one-half of the sample had less than 8 years of education. Mean number of stressors was 5.9 with nearly 20% of participants reporting 11 or more stressors. Multivariable results found the number of acculturation stressors was 18% lower for residents in the highest co-ethnic density neighborhoods and 13% lower for residents in the highest wealth areas, compared to other areas (expβ 0.82, 95% CI [CI] 0.69, 0.98; expβ 0.87, CI 0.75, 1.01, respectively). Stressors were no different whether participants lived in gentrified areas or not. Conclusions Among middle-aged Chinese immigrants, acculturation stress was lower for residents in neighborhoods with higher proportion of Chinese immigrants and for residents in neighborhoods with higher wealth, whereas gentrification had no influence on acculturation stress. More work on this topic is needed with vulnerable populations such as this one, informed by local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesca Mucciaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Y. Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic A. Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jana A. Hirsch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Zhong
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minzi Li
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian L. Egleston
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marilyn Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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13
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Linton S, Cruz AL, Arnold K. Public service providers' perspectives on and responses to the health and social consequences of gentrification in Atlanta, Georgia. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH 2023; 49:494-509. [PMID: 37693303 PMCID: PMC10487345 DOI: 10.1080/01488376.2023.2237517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Service providers' perspectives on, and responses to the health and social impacts of gentrification have been underexplored. This study's objectives were to assess health and social service providers' perspectives on the causes and impacts of gentrification and their responses to gentrification's impacts. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 service providers sampled using maximum variation and snowball sampling, in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Inductive thematic analysis was used. Providers characterized gentrification as increases in community-level social and economic advantage and displacement of Black and Brown people. Neighborhood divestment and speculative development were reported determinants of gentrification. Revitalization and economic growth were reported positive effects of gentrification; negative ramifications included inflated housing costs, residential displacement, and reduced access to health and social services. Providers enacted multiple solutions to mitigate the negative consequences they observed, including educating residents on housing rights and collaborating with other organizations to expand outreach to displaced residents. Service providers are integral to contributing to knowledge on the causes and impacts of gentrification, and absolving problems resulting from gentrification. . Additional research documenting service provider's responses to the impacts of gentrification are needed to inform how future community development strategies are developed to create more benefits than harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriya Linton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, Atlanta, USA
| | - Angie Lisbeth Cruz
- Department of Health Policy; Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kimberly Arnold
- Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Delong S. Urban health inequality in shifting environment: systematic review on the impact of gentrification on residents' health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1154515. [PMID: 37546305 PMCID: PMC10399630 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impacts of changing neighborhoods, and the influence of neighborhood stability on residents' health have not received enough attention in the literature; one of the most important aspects is gentrification. Research on the impact of gentrification on residents' health has gradually increased in recent years, mainly from North America. Based on the guidelines of PRISMA 2020 and SCIE, 66 papers were included for analysis, six aspects of selected studies are discussed: the research design, theoretical framework, methods of analysis, definition and measurement of gentrification effects, and impact pathways. In general, most of the literature in this field can be seen as using an ecological research design, of which cross-sectional research accounts for a large proportion. The identified effects vary in their direction as well as strength due to difference in population, temporal, and geographical characteristics. Gentrification could affect health outcomes through the combination of economic, social, and physical environment factors. Existing research could be improved in the following aspects: (1) The definition and measurement of gentrification should be both generic and site-specific; Various measurement methods should be compared to enhance the robustness of the results. Furthermore, more consideration should be given to the impact of spatial issues; (2) As for health outcomes, it is suggested to expand the scope of the discussion of health outcomes and strengthen the biological explanation of the influencing mechanisms. It is also necessary to determine the research time points according to the characteristics of the incubation period of different diseases; (3) As for research design, applying longitudinal research design is more likely to improve the reliability; (4) Theoretical frameworks should be addressed to link the definition and measurement of gentrification, patterns of health outcomes, methodology and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Delong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Youngbloom AJ, Thierry B, Fuller D, Kestens Y, Winters M, Hirsch JA, Michael YL, Firth C. Gentrification, perceptions of neighborhood change, and mental health in Montréal, Québec. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101406. [PMID: 37114239 PMCID: PMC10127140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While census-defined measures of gentrification are often used in research on gentrification and health, surveys can be used to better understand how residents perceive neighborhood change, and the implications for mental health. Whether or not gentrification affects mental health may depend on the extent to which an individual perceives changes in their neighborhood. Using health and map-based survey data, collected from 2020 to 2021, from the Interventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team, we examined links between perceptions of neighborhood change, census-defined neighborhood gentrification at participant residential addresses, and mental health among 505 adults living in Montréal. After adjusting for age, gender, race, education, and duration at current residence, greater perceived affordability and more positive feelings about neighborhood changes were associated with better mental health, as measured by the mental health component of the short-form health survey. Residents who perceived more change to the social environment had lower mental health scores, after adjusting individual covariates. Census-defined gentrification was not significantly associated with mental health, and perceptions of neighborhood change did not significantly modify the effect of gentrification on mental health. Utilizing survey tools can help researchers understand the role that perceptions of neighborhood change play in the understanding how neighborhood change impacts mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Youngbloom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Benoit Thierry
- Université de Montréal/Centre de Recherche Du CHUM, Pavillon S, 850 Rue St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- Université de Montréal/Centre de Recherche Du CHUM, Pavillon S, 850 Rue St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jana A. Hirsch
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Michael
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Caislin Firth
- Center for Studies in Demography & Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Alroy KA, Cavalier H, Crossa A, Wang SM, Liu SY, Norman C, Sanderson M, Gould LH, Lim SW. Can changing neighborhoods influence mental health? An ecological analysis of gentrification and neighborhood-level serious psychological distress-New York City, 2002-2015. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283191. [PMID: 37018221 PMCID: PMC10075454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood conditions influence people's health; sustaining healthy neighborhoods is a New York City (NYC) Health Department priority. Gentrification is characterized by rapid development in historically disinvested neighborhoods. The gentrification burden, including increased living expenses, and disrupted social networks, disproportionally impacts certain residents. To ultimately target health promotion interventions, we examined serious psychological distress time trends in gentrifying NYC neighborhoods to describe the association of gentrification and mental health overall and stratified by race and ethnicity. We categorized NYC neighborhoods as hypergentrifying, gentrifying, and not-gentrifying using a modified New York University Furman Center index. Neighborhoods with ≥100% rent growth were hypergentrifying; neighborhoods with greater than median and <100% rent growth were gentrifying; and neighborhoods with less than median rent growth were not-gentrifying. To temporally align neighborhood categorization closely with neighborhood-level measurement of serious psychological distress, data during 2000-2017 were used to classify neighborhood type. We calculated serious psychological distress prevalence among adult populations using data from 10 NYC Community Health Surveys during 2002-2015. Using joinpoint and survey-weighted logistic regression, we analyzed serious psychological distress prevalence time trends during 2002-2015 by gentrification level, stratified by race/ethnicity. Among 42 neighborhoods, 7 were hypergentrifying, 7 were gentrifying, and 28 were not gentrifying. In hypergentrifying neighborhoods, serious psychological distress prevalence decreased among White populations (8.1% to 2.3%, β = -0.77, P = 0.02) and was stable among Black (4.6% to 6.9%, β = -0.01, P = 0.95) and Latino populations (11.9% to 10.4%, β = -0.16, P = 0.31). As neighborhoods gentrified, different populations were affected differently. Serious psychological distress decreased among White populations in hypergentrifying neighborhoods, no similar reductions were observed among Black and Latino populations. This analysis highlights potential unequal mental health impacts that can be associated with gentrification-related neighborhood changes. Our findings will be used to target health promotion activities to strengthen community resilience and to ultimately guide urban development policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Alroy
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Haleigh Cavalier
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Aldo Crossa
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Shu Meir Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Sze Yan Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Norman
- Division of Mental Hygiene, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Mental Health, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Sanderson
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - L. Hannah Gould
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Sung woo Lim
- Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Queens, New York, United States of America
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17
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Larson C, Mukolo A, Buck T, Lollis K, Black M. A Call to Action to Address the Social Determinants of Health. J Ambul Care Manage 2023; 46:143-151. [PMID: 36820635 DOI: 10.1097/jac.0000000000000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth in metropolitan areas is associated with urban development and revitalization. However, neighborhood gentrification has negatively affected low income and communities of color by displacement and compounding structural and systemic inequities. Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and immigrants/refugee communities are burdened with negative health outcomes from adverse circumstances illustrated by disparities in the social determinants of health and health indicators, that is, chronic disease and COVID-19. To remediate the situation and restore health, the multisector response needs to be reframed and emphasize systemic, integrated, and aligned efforts. These include policy, systems and environmental change approaches, community involvement, improvement of data systems, and workforce development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Larson
- Metropolitan Public Health Department of Nashville and Davidson County, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Frutos ML, Cruzado DP, Lunsford D, Orza SG, Cantero-Téllez R. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Daily Life Activities and Independence of People over 65: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20054177. [PMID: 36901189 PMCID: PMC10001756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mandatory confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the older adult population. The main objective of this study is to assess independence in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADDL) of people over 65 years of age during social, preventive, and compulsory isolation due to COVID-19, identifying and quantifying the activities of personal independence that present difficulties in their execution. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Private's health insurance Hospital, Córdoba, Argentina. PARTICIPANTS A total of 193 participants with mean age of 76.56 years (121 women and 72 men) who met inclusion criteria were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS A personal interview was conducted between July and December 2020. Sociodemographic data were collected, and perceived independence was assessed. OUTCOMES MEASURES The Barthel index and the Lawton and Brody scale were used to assess independence of basic and instrumental activities of daily living. RESULTS Minimal limitations were noted with function. The activities that represented the greatest difficulties were going up and down stairs (22%) and moving around (18%), and the greatest difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living were shopping (22%) and preparing food (15%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has caused isolation, leading to functional limitations for many, especially older adults. Perceived declines in function and mobility may lead to decreased independence and safety for the older adult; therefore, preventative planning and programming should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Frutos
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - David Pérez Cruzado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Dianna Lunsford
- Health Sciences Faculty, Occupational Therapy Department, Gannon University, Ruskin, FL 33573, USA
| | - Santiago García Orza
- Hospital Comarcal de la Axarquía, 29700 Vélez-Málaga, Spain
- FE-17 HandResearchGroup IBIMA, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Cantero-Téllez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- FE-17 HandResearchGroup IBIMA, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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19
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O'Neill E, Cole HVS, García-Lamarca M, Anguelovski I, Gullón P, Triguero-Mas M. The right to the unhealthy deprived city: An exploration into the impacts of state-led redevelopment projects on the determinants of mental health. Soc Sci Med 2023; 318:115634. [PMID: 36621085 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research shows mental health is impacted by poor-quality physical and social-environmental conditions. Subsequently state-led redevelopment/regeneration schemes focus on improving the physical environment, to provide better social-environmental conditions, addressing spatial and socioeconomic inequities thus improving residents' health. However, recent research suggests that redevelopment/regeneration schemes often trigger gentrification, resulting in new spatial and socioeconomic inequalities that may worsen health outcomes, including mental health, for long-term neighborhood residents. Using the right to the city and situating this within the framework of accumulation by dispossession and capitalist hegemony, this paper explores the potential mechanisms in which poor mental health outcomes may endure in neighborhoods despite the implementation of redevelopment/regeneration projects. To do so, we explored two neighborhoods in the city of Glasgow - North Glasgow and East End - and conducted a strong qualitative study based on 25 in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The results show that postindustrial vacant and derelict land spaces and socioeconomic deprivation in North and East Glasgow are potential mechanisms contributing to the poor mental health of its residents. Where redevelopment/regeneration projects prioritize economic goals, it is often at the expense of social(health) outcomes. Instead, economic investment instigates processes of gentrification, where long-term neighborhood residents are excluded from accessing collective urban life and its (health) benefits. Moreover, these residents are continually excluded from participation in decision-making and are unable to shape the urban environment. In summary, we found a number of potential mechanisms that may contribute to enduring poor mental health outcomes despite the existence of redevelopment/regeneration projects. Projects instead have negative consequences for the determinants of mental health, reinforcing existing inequalities, disempowering original long-term neighborhood residents and only providing the "right" to the unhealthy deprived city. We define this as the impossibility to benefit from material opportunities, public spaces, goods and services and the inability to shape city transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella O'Neill
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Helen V S Cole
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Melissa García-Lamarca
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabelle Anguelovski
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain.
| | - Pedro Gullón
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871, Spain; Unidad Docente Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Mariana Arcaya's Research Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Candipan J, Riley AR, Easley JA. While Some Things Change, Do Others Stay the Same? The Heterogeneity of Neighborhood Health Returns to Gentrification. HOUSING POLICY DEBATE 2022; 33:129-163. [PMID: 39130778 PMCID: PMC11315458 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2076715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Gentrification is associated with decreases in neighborhood poverty and crime, increases in amenities and services, among other benefits-all identified as structural determinants of health. However, gentrification is also associated with population-level replacement of the existing community, or threats thereof. Combining census data from the ten largest MSAs in the U.S. with tract-level estimates from the CDC-PLACES Project from 2013-14 to 2017-18, we explore how the changing socioeconomic conditions in gentrifying neighborhoods correlate with changes in neighborhood health. We find significant differences between gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods in their associations with neighborhood health. The sociodemographic changes occurring in gentrifying neighborhoods generally correspond with simultaneous decreases in aggregate health risk behaviors and negative health outcomes. However, these changes are heterogeneous and complex. Whether and how neighborhood health changes alongside other components of neighborhood change depends on whether gentrification occurs in majority Black, Hispanic, or White neighborhoods. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the changes accompanying gentrification extend to neighborhood health, but the direction of influence varies by neighborhood composition, type of sociodemographic change, specific health outcome, and spatial spillover. We discuss theoretical implications for future work addressing the mechanisms driving changes in neighborhood health, and potential approaches that differentiate policy responses.
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21
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Wright IA, Reid R, Shahid N, Ponce A, Nelson CM, Sanders J, Gardner N, Liu J, Simmons E, Phillips A, Pan Y, Alcaide ML, Rodriguez A, Ironson G, Feaster DJ, Safren SA, Dale SK. Neighborhood Characteristics, Intersectional Discrimination, Mental Health, and HIV Outcomes Among Black Women Living With HIV, Southeastern United States, 2019‒2020. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S433-S443. [PMID: 35763751 PMCID: PMC9241469 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine the effects of within-neighborhood and neighboring characteristics on discrimination, stigma, mental health, and HIV outcomes among Black women living with HIV (BWLWH). Methods. A total of 151 BWLWH in a southeastern US city provided baseline data (October 2019‒January 2020) on experienced microaggressions and discrimination (race-, gender-, sexual orientation-, or HIV-related), mental health (e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder), and HIV outcomes (e.g., viral load, antiretroviral therapy adherence). Neighborhood characteristics by census tract were gathered from the American Community Survey and the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Spatial econometrics guided the identification strategy, and we used the maximum likelihood technique to estimate relationships between a number of predictors and outcomes. Results. Within-neighborhood and neighboring characteristics (employment, education, crime, income, number of religious organizations, and low-income housing) were significantly related to intersectional stigma, discrimination, mental health, HIV viral load, and medication adherence. Conclusions. Policy, research, and interventions for BWLWH need to address the role of neighborhood characteristics to improve quality of life and HIV outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S4):S433-S443. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306675).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Wright
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Rachelle Reid
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Naysha Shahid
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Amanda Ponce
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - C Mindy Nelson
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Jasmyn Sanders
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Nadine Gardner
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Ervin Simmons
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Arnetta Phillips
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Yue Pan
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Maria L Alcaide
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Allan Rodriguez
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Gail Ironson
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Daniel J Feaster
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Steven A Safren
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- Ian A. Wright is with the Department of Economics, University of Miami Herbert Business School, Miami, FL. Rachelle Reid, Naysha Shahid, Amanda Ponce, Jasmyn Sanders, Nadine Gardner Sanders, Ervin Simmons, Gail Ironson, Steven A. Safren, and Sannisha K. Dale are with the Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami. C. Mindy Nelson, Jingxin Liu, Yue Pan, and Daniel J. Feaster are with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Arnetta Phillips is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Maria L. Alcaide and Allan Rodriguez are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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22
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Saville C, Mann R. Cross-level group density interactions on mental health for cultural, but not economic, components of social class. Soc Sci Med 2022; 296:114790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Iyanda AE, Lu Y. 'Gentrification is not improving my health': a mixed-method investigation of chronic health conditions in rapidly changing urban neighborhoods in Austin, Texas. JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT : HBE 2022; 37:77-100. [PMID: 33994893 PMCID: PMC8107018 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-021-09847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Though there are extensive studies on neighborhood effects on health, this relationship remains elusive and requires continuous empirical evidence to support existing findings. Gentrification is a process of neighborhood change that affects most longtime residents. This study examined the health impact of the rapidly changing physical and cultural environment using oral history interviews, electronic interviews, and a quantitative structured survey. The study draws on the social determinants of health framework to explain the self-reported chronic health conditions (SR-CHCs) among 331 residents in Austin, Texas. The study employed non-linear techniques suitable for Poisson distribution to estimate the association between gentrification and SR-CHCs and complemented by direct quotes from in-depth interviews (IDIs). Perceived gentrification score significantly vary by marital status (p < 0.001), educational attainment (p < 0.001), and gender (p < 0.01), while SR-CHCs only significantly varies by educational attainment, p = 0.015). Multivariate results show that gentrification was positively associated with SR-CHCs, after adjusting for socioeconomic variables. Compared to the Hispanics, blacks were 97% more likely to report multiple counts of SR-CHCs (IRR = 1.969, 95% CI 1.074-3.608), and participants with high household income were 8% less likely to report multiple CHCs (IRR = 0.920, 95% CI 0.870-0.973). Drawing from the empirical findings, this study recommends both area-based and individual-level policies to mitigate neighborhood change's impact on residents' health. Finally, this study further adds to the understanding of social determinants of health in understanding chronic health within the changing urban physical and socio-ecology systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10901-021-09847-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Emmanuel Iyanda
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA
| | - Yongmei Lu
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA
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24
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Anguelovski I, Cole HVS, O'Neill E, Baró F, Kotsila P, Sekulova F, Pérez Del Pulgar C, Shokry G, García-Lamarca M, Argüelles L, Connolly JJ, Honey-Rosés J, López-Gay A, Fontán-Vela M, Matheney A, Oscilowicz E, Binet A, Triguero-Mas M. Gentrification pathways and their health impacts on historically marginalized residents in Europe and North America: Global qualitative evidence from 14 cities. Health Place 2021; 72:102698. [PMID: 34717079 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As global cities grapple with the increasing challenge of gentrification and displacement, research in public health and urban geography has presented growing evidence about the negative impacts of those unequal urban changes on the health of historically marginalized groups. Yet, to date comprehensive research about the variety of health impacts and their pathways beyond single case sites and through an international comparative approach of different gentrification drivers and manifestations remains scarce. In this paper, we analyze qualitative data on the pathways by which gentrification impacts the health of historically marginalized residents in 14 cities in Europe and North America. We build on 77 interviews with key neighborhood stakeholders. Data analysis indicates four main concurrent processes: Threats to housing and financial security; Socio-cultural displacement; Loss of services and amenities through institutional gentrification; and Increased risks of criminal behavior and compromised public safety. Gentrification is experienced as a chain of physical and emotional community and individual traumas - an overall shock for historically marginalized groups - because of permanent pressures of insecurity, loss, state of displaceability, and the associated exacerbation of socio-environmental disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Anguelovski
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain.
| | - Helen V S Cole
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Ella O'Neill
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Francesc Baró
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Geography and Sociology Departments, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Panagiota Kotsila
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Filka Sekulova
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez Del Pulgar
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; Department Environmental Politics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Galia Shokry
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Melissa García-Lamarca
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Spain
| | - Lucia Argüelles
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Estudis d'Economia i Empresa and Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Spain
| | - James Jt Connolly
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; University of British Columbia (UBC), School of Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordi Honey-Rosés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Spain
| | - Antonio López-Gay
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Geography, Spain; Center for Demographic Studies (CED-CERCA), Spain
| | - Mario Fontán-Vela
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá; Preventive Medicine Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Austin Matheney
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Emilia Oscilowicz
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain
| | - Andrew Binet
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Urban Studies and Planning, USA
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Spain; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Urban Studies and Planning, USA
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25
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Mental Health Outcomes in Barcelona: The Interplay between Gentrification and Greenspace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179314. [PMID: 34501901 PMCID: PMC8430678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Greenspace is widely related to mental health benefits, but this relationship may vary by social group. Gentrification, as linked to processes of unequal urban development and conflict, potentially impacts health outcomes. This study explores the relationships between greenspace and mental health and between gentrification and mental health associations. It also further examines gentrification as an effect modifier in the greenspace-mental health association and SES as an effect modifier in the gentrification-mental health association. We used cross-sectional Barcelona (Spain) data from 2006, which included perceived mental health status and self-reported depression/anxiety from the Barcelona Health Survey. Greenspace exposure was measured as residential access to (1) all greenspace, (2) greenways and (3) parks in 2006. Census-tract level gentrification was measured using an index including changes in sociodemographic indicators between 1991 and 2006. Logistic regression models revealed that only greenways were associated with better mental health outcomes, with no significant relationship between mental health and parks or all greenspace. Living in gentrifying neighborhoods was protective for depression/anxiety compared to living in non-gentrifying neighborhoods. However, only residents of gentrifiable census tracts benefited from the exposure to greenways. SES was not found to be an effect modifier in the association between gentrification and mental health. Future research should tackle this study's limitations by incorporating a direct measure of displacement in the gentrification status indicator, accounting for qualitative aspects of greenspace and user's perceptions. Gentrification may undermine the health benefits provided by greenspace interventions.
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26
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Persiani P, De Meo D, Giannini E, Calogero V, Speziale Varsamis T, Cavallo AU, Martini L, Cera G, Coluzzi F, Villani C. The Aftermath of COVID-19 Lockdown on Daily Life Activities in Orthopaedic Patients. J Pain Res 2021; 14:575-583. [PMID: 33688247 PMCID: PMC7936667 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s285814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Following the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, many reports have investigated the psychosocial effects of the lockdown. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the lockdown on the daily life habits of orthopaedic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Around 30 days after the start of the Italian lockdown, from April 17th to the end of the containment measures on May 18th, the Sapienza University of Rome carried out a 19-item survey on the effects the lockdown caused in patients suffering from an orthopaedic pathology (with regard to changes in lifestyle, pain, treatment) by stratifying the sample by age, sex, profession, pain location, pathogenesis and prior surgeries. RESULTS A total of 292 subjects with orthopaedic pathologies took part in the survey. Taking into consideration the totality of the sample, physical activity was significantly reduced (p <0.001). The increase of a sedentary lifestyle was statistically significant (p <0.001), as well as an increase in pain (p <0.001) and the need to adjust the pharmacological treatment (p <0.001). The increase in pain was particularly significant in the 50-70 age group, among workers, and in polyarthralgic patients. About 55.48% stated that the lockdown period worsened their underlying pathological condition and 53.77% expressed the need to undergo a new clinical evaluation at the end of the lockdown. CONCLUSION The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and resulting sudden changes in lifestyle led to a change in patient perception of orthopedic pathology including a worsening of musculoskeletal pain requiring an adjustment or change in pharmacological and physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Persiani
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Daniele De Meo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Elettra Giannini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Valeria Calogero
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Tommaso Speziale Varsamis
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Armando Ugo Cavallo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorena Martini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cera
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Flaminia Coluzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Ciro Villani
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
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27
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Bhavsar NA, Kumar M, Richman L. Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233361. [PMID: 32437388 PMCID: PMC7241805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neighborhoods have a profound impact on individual health. There is growing interest in the role of dynamic changes to neighborhoods-including gentrification-on the health of residents. However, research on the association between gentrification and health is limited, partly due to the numerous definitions used to define gentrification. This article presents a systematic review of the current state of literature describing the association between gentrification and health. In addition, it provides a novel framework for addressing important next steps in this research. A total of 1393 unique articles were identified, 122 abstracts were reviewed, and 36 articles published from 2007-2020 were included. Of the 36 articles, 9 were qualitative, 24 were quantitative, and 3 were review papers. There was no universally accepted definition of gentrification; definitions often used socioeconomic variables describing demographics, housing, education, and income. Health outcomes associated with gentrification included self-reported health, preterm birth, mental health conditions, alcohol use, psychosocial factors, and health care utilization, though the direction of this association varied. The results of this review also suggest that the impact of gentrification on health is not uniform across populations. For example, marginalized populations, such as Black residents and the elderly, were impacted more than White and younger residents. In addition, we identified multiples gaps in the research, including the need for a conceptual model, future mechanistic studies, and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrupen A. Bhavsar
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Manish Kumar
- Trinity School of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura Richman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Tran LD, Rice TH, Ong PM, Banerjee S, Liou J, Ponce NA. Impact of gentrification on adult mental health. Health Serv Res 2020; 55:432-444. [PMID: 31957022 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the net effect of living in a gentrified neighborhood on probability of having serious psychological distress. DATA SOURCES We pooled 5 years of secondary data from the California Health Interview Survey (2011-2015) and focused on southern California residents. STUDY DESIGN We compared adults (n = 43 815) living in low-income and gentrified, low-income and not gentrified, middle- to high-income and upscaled, and middle- to high-income and not upscaled neighborhoods. We performed a probit regression to test whether living in a gentrified neighborhood increased residents' probabilities of having serious psychological distress in the past year and stratified analyses by neighborhood tenure, homeownership status, and low-income status. Instrumental variables estimation and propensity scores were applied to reduce bias arising from residential selection and simultaneity. An endogenous treatment effects model was also applied in sensitivity analyses. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Adults who completed the survey on their own and lived in urban neighborhoods with 500 or more residents were selected for analyses. Survey respondents who scored 13 and above on the Kessler 6 were categorized as having serious psychological distress in the past year. We used eight neighborhood change measures to classify respondents' neighborhoods. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Living in a gentrified and upscaled neighborhood was associated with increased likelihood of serious psychological distress relative to living in a low-income and not gentrified neighborhood. The average treatment effect was 0.0141 (standard error = 0.007), which indicates that the prevalence of serious psychological distress would have been 1.4 percentage points less if none of the respondents lived in gentrified neighborhoods. Gentrification appears to have a negative impact on the mental health of renters, low-income residents, and long-term residents. This effect was not observed among homeowners, higher-income residents, and recent residents. CONCLUSIONS Gentrification levies mental health costs on financially vulnerable community members and can worsen mental health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Diem Tran
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas H Rice
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul M Ong
- Department of Urban Planning, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sudipto Banerjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia Liou
- Asian Health Services, Oakland, California
| | - Ninez A Ponce
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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