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Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez M. Plant foods, healthy plant-based diets, and type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:929-948. [PMID: 37550262 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic chronic disease in which insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production lead to elevated blood glucose levels. The prevalence of T2D is growing worldwide, mainly due to obesity and the adoption of Western diets. Replacing animal foods with healthy plant foods is associated with a lower risk of T2D in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials, the consumption of healthy plant foods in place of animal foods led to cardiometabolic improvements in patients with T2D or who were at high risk of the disease. Dietary patterns that limit or exclude animal foods and focus on healthy plant foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes), known as healthy, plant-based diets, are consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D in cohort studies. The aim of this review is to examine the differential effects of plant foods and animal foods on T2D risk and to describe the existing literature about the role of healthy, plant-based diets, particularly healthy vegan diets, in T2D prevention and management. The evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be reported, in addition to the potential biological mechanisms that seem to be involved.
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Rao S, Zhang Y, Xie S, Cao H, Zhang Z, Yang W. Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), serum BCAAs, and cardiometabolic risk markers among community-dwelling adults. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03432-9. [PMID: 38809324 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations between dietary/serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS In a cohort of 2791 participants, diet and cardiometabolic risk markers were measured twice at baseline in overall participants and after 1-year in a subset of 423 participants. We assessed serum BCAAs at baseline and arterial stiffness after 1-year. The cross-sectional associations between dietary/serum BCAAs and cardiometabolic risk markers were analyzed using baseline measurements by linear regression, while the 1-year longitudinal association were analyzed using repeated measurements by linear mixed-effects regression. RESULTS Higher BCAA intake from poultry was associated with lower triglycerides (β=-0.028, P = 0.027) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, β = 0.013, P = 0.006), while BCAAs in red and processed meat or fish were inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.025, P = 0.001) and total cholesterol (β = 0.012, P = 0.033), respectively. BCAAs in whole grains and nuts were associated with higher HDL-C (β = 0.011, P = 0.016), and lower TG (β=-0.021, P = 0.041) and diastolic blood pressure (β=-0.003, P = 0.027). Also, BCAAs from soy or vegetables and fruits were inversely associated with arterial stiffness (β=-0.018, P = 0.047) and systolic blood pressure (β=-0.011, P = 0.003), respectively. However, BCAAs in refined grains were positively associated with triglycerides (β = 0.037, P = 0.014). Total serum BCAAs were unfavorably associated with multiple cardiometabolic risk markers (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary BCAAs in poultry, whole grains and nuts, soy, and vegetables and fruits may be favorably, while BCAAs in red and processed meat, fish, and refined grains were unfavorably associated with cardiometabolic health. Serum BCAAs showed a detrimental association with cardiometabolic risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxian Rao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yaozong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Shaoyu Xie
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Wang L, Li S, Jiang T. Effects of single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota and glucose metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357749. [PMID: 38863754 PMCID: PMC11165999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric and metabolic surgery often leads to significant changes in gut microbiota composition, indicating that changes in gut microbiota after bariatric and metabolic surgery might play a role in ameliorating type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the effects of single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) on gut microbiota in T2D remain unclear. Objectives To investigate the effects of SADI-S on gut microbiota and glucose metabolism in T2D rats. Methods Nineteen T2D rats were randomly divided into the SADI-S group (n = 10) and the sham operation with pair-feeding group (sham-PF, n = 9). Fecal samples were collected to analyze the gut microbiota composition with 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were measured to evaluate the effects of SADI-S on glucose metabolism. Results The Chao and ACE index results indicated the richness of the gut microbial community. The ACE and Chao index values were significantly lower in the SADI-S group than in the sham-PF group, indicating that indicating that species richness was significantly lower in the SADI-S group than in the sham-PF group (p < 0.05). Shannon and Simpson indices were used to estimate the species diversity of the gut microbiota. Compared with the sham-PF group, the SADI-S group showed significantly lower Shannon index and higher Simpson index values, indicating that the species diversity was significantly lower in the SADI-S group than in the sham-PF group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, SADI-S significantly changed the abundances of 33 bacteria, including the increased anti-inflammatory bacteria (Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium) and decreased pro-inflammatory bacteria (Bacteroides). SADI-S significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. The blood glucose level of rats was positively correlated with the relative abundances of 12 bacteria, including Bacteroides, and negatively correlated with the relative abundances of seven bacteria, including Bifidobacterium. Conclusion SADI-S significantly altered the gut microbiota composition of T2D rats, including the increased anti-inflammatory bacteria (Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium) and decreased pro-inflammatory bacteria (Bacteroides). The blood glucose level of rats was positively correlated with the abundances of 12 bacteria, including Bacteroides, but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of 7 bacteria, including Bifidobacterium. These alternations in gut microbiota may be the mechanism through which SADI-S improved T2D. More studies should be performed in the future to validate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shixing Li
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Sechovcová H, Mahayri TM, Mrázek J, Jarošíková R, Husáková J, Wosková V, Fejfarová V. Gut microbiota in relationship to diabetes mellitus and its late complications with a focus on diabetic foot syndrome: A review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:259-282. [PMID: 38095802 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting glucose metabolism. The pathophysiological reactions underpinning the disease can lead to the development of late diabetes complications. The gut microbiota plays important roles in weight regulation and the maintenance of a healthy digestive system. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy are all associated with a microbial imbalance in the gut. Modern technical equipment and advanced diagnostic procedures, including xmolecular methods, are commonly used to detect both quantitative and qualitative changes in the gut microbiota. This review summarises collective knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in both types of diabetes mellitus and their late complications, with a particular focus on diabetic foot syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sechovcová
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tiziana Maria Mahayri
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Soleimani Damaneh M, Aryaeian N, Khajoenia S, Azadbakht L, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS. The association between dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids and odds and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6309. [PMID: 38491066 PMCID: PMC10943023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This case-control study investigated the link between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed dietary BCAA intake in 95 RA patients and 190 matched controls using a food frequency questionnaire. We also assessed the disease severity using the disease activity score 28 (DAS-28), ESR, VAS, morning stiffness, and tender and swollen joints. Higher BCAA intake, expressed as a percentage of total protein, was significantly associated with increased risk of RA for total BCAAs (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.53-3.00, P < 0.001), leucine (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.70-3.38, P < 0.001), isoleucine (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.46-2.85, P < 0.001), and valine (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.35-2.59, P < 0.001). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.001). However, BCAA intake did not show any significant association with RA severity in either crude or multivariate models (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that higher dietary BCAA intake may contribute to the development of RA, but further research is needed to confirm these observations and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shole Khajoenia
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Science University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tabesh M, Teymoori F, Ahmadirad H, Mirmiran P, Rahideh ST. Dietary Branched Chain Amino Acids Association with Cancer and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:160-174. [PMID: 38130073 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2292820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association of dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and its components with cancer, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in a meta-analysis of observational studies. A comprehensive search was conducted between electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) until September 2022. Odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), and relative risks (RR) were extracted. Eight articles (six studies on breast cancer (BC) and digestive cancers risk, and three studies on both BC and digestive cancers mortality, and all-cause mortality) were included. The present study showed no statistically significant association between dietary BCAAs and its components with BC and digestive cancers (RRBCAA: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.68-1.10, RRLeucine: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.52-1.04, RRIsoleucine: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93-1.04, RRValine: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.55-1.05). Also, no statistically significant relationship between dietary BCAAs and its components with both BC and digestive cancers mortality (RRBCAA: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.68-1.33, RRLeucine: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79-1.15, RRIsoleucine: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79-1.14, RRValine: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.84-1.21) and all-cause mortality (RRBCAA: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.73-1.32, RRLeucine: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.29, RRIsoleucine: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.73-1.27, RRValine: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.79-1.32) were observed. Our findings showed no significant association between dietary BCAAs and its components with BC and digestive cancers, BC and digestive cancers mortality, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Tabesh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Teymoori F, Ahmadirad H, Jahromi MK, Mokhtari E, Farhadnejad H, Mohammadzadeh M, Babrpanjeh M, Shahrokhtabar T, Jamshidi S, Mirmiran P. Serum branched amino acids and the risk of all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1475-1486. [PMID: 37725184 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been considered as an indicator to evaluate health status and predict chronic diseases risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between Serum BCAAs and the risk of all-cause mortality. We carried out a comprehensive and systematic search in various important databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find the relevant studies published up to October 2022 with no language, design, or time limitation. We extracted the reported hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI in cohorts and case-control studies, respectively, and computed the log HR or OR and its standard error. Then, we used the random-effects model with inverse variance weighting method for the present meta-analysis, to calculate the pooled effect size. Ten observational studies, including nine cohort studies and one case-control study, were included in the present meta-analysis. The number of participants ranges from 53 to 26,711, with an age range of 18-99 years. During 6 months to 24 years of follow-up, 3599 deaths were ascertained. The pooled results indicated that there was no significant association between serum BCAAs (RR: 1.17; 95% CI 0.85-1.60), isoleucine (RR: 1.41; 95%CI 0.92-2.17), leucine (RR: 1.13; 95% CI 0.94-1.36), and valine (RR: 1.02; 95%CI 0.86-1.22) and all-cause mortality. Also, there was significant heterogeneity between studies for serum BCAAs (I2 = 74.1% and P-heterogeneity = 0.021), isoleucine (I2 = 89.4% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001), leucine (I2 = 87.8% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001), and valine (I2 = 86.6% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001). Our results suggested that the serum BCAAs and its components, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, were not associated with the risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Babrpanjeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Shahrokhtabar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Imam Ali Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Carbone L, Bůžková P, Fink HA, Robbins JA, Barzilay JI, Elam RE, Isales C, Connelly MA, Mukamal KJ. Plasma Levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids, Incident Hip Fractures, and Bone Mineral Density of the Hip and Spine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1358-e1364. [PMID: 37200158 PMCID: PMC11009785 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are building blocks for protein, an essential component of bone. However, the association of plasma levels of BCAA with fractures in populations outside of Hong Kong or with hip fractures in particular is not known. The purpose of these analyses was to determine the relationship of BCAA including valine, leucine, and isoleucine and total BCAA (SD of the sum of Z-scores for each BCAA) with incident hip fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and lumbar spine in older African American and Caucasian men and women in the Cardiovascular Health Study. DESIGN Longitudinal analyses of association of plasma levels of BCAA with incident hip fractures and cross-sectional BMD of the hip and lumbar spine from the Cardiovascular Health Study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1850 men (38% of cohort) and women; mean age 73 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident hip fractures and cross-sectional BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, over 12 years of follow-up, we observed no significant association between incident hip fracture and plasma values of valine, leucine, isoleucine, or total BCAA per 1 SD higher of each BCAA. Plasma values of leucine but not valine, isoleucine, or total BCAA, were positively and significantly associated with BMD of the total hip (P = .03) and femoral neck (P = .02), but not the lumbar spine (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of the BCAA leucine may be associated with higher BMD in older men and women. However, given the lack of significant association with hip fracture risk, further information is needed to determine whether BCAAs would be novel targets for osteoporosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carbone
- J. Harold Harrison, MD, Distinguished University Chair in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Howard A Fink
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joshua I Barzilay
- Division of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rachel E Elam
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Carlos Isales
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- J. Harold Harrison, MD, Distinguished University Chair in Aging, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Soleimani E, Rashnoo F, Farhangi MA, Hosseini B, Jafarzadeh F, Shakarami A, Sadabadi Y. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake, glycemic markers, metabolic profile, and anthropometric features in a community-based sample of overweight and obese adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37749544 PMCID: PMC10518913 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research provides conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between estimated branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake and metabolic, glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics. This research seeks to examine the association between estimated dietary BCAA consumption and glycemic, and metabolic markers, as well as anthropometric parameters in adults classified as overweight or obese. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, we gathered data from 465 overweight and obese individuals aged between 18 and 37 years. To evaluate dietary data, we employed the food frequency questionnaire, and the BCAA content in foods was determined via the United States Department of Agriculture website. We utilized ELISA kits to measure fasting blood glucose (FBS) and lipid profile markers, and additionally calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and insulin sensitivity markers. We assessed sociodemographic status, physical activity (PA), and anthropometric attributes through a method recognized as both valid and reliable. For statistical analysis, we conducted analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), making adjustments for variables including sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Upon adjusting for confounders, those in the highest tertiles of BCAA intake exhibited an increase in weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fat-free mass (FFM). Conversely, they demonstrated reduced fat mass (FM) (%) and FM (kg) compared to their counterparts in the lowest tertiles (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a noted association between greater estimated BCAA intake and reduced LDL levels. Nonetheless, our findings did not reveal a significant relationship between dietary BCAA and glycemic indices. CONCLUSIONS From our findings, an increased estimated intake of BCAA seems to correlate with diminished serum LDL concentrations. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of this association, it is imperative that further experimental and longitudinal studies be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Soleimani
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariborz Rashnoo
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faria Jafarzadeh
- Assistant Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran.
| | - Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Botoc T, Floria M, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Haisan A, Cucu AI, Rezus C, Costea CF. Depiction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) in Diabetes with a Focus on Diabetic Microvascular Complications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6053. [PMID: 37762992 PMCID: PMC10531730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still holds the title as one of the most debilitating chronic diseases with rising prevalence and incidence, including its complications such as retinal, renal, and peripheral nerve disease. In order to develop novel molecules for diagnosis and treatment, a deep understanding of the complex molecular pathways is imperative. Currently, the existing agents for T2DM treatment target only blood glucose levels. Over the past decades, specific building blocks of proteins-branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine, and valine-have gained attention because they are linked with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes development. In this review, we discuss the hypothetical link between BCAA metabolism, insulin resistance, T2DM, and its microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Further research on these amino acids and their derivates may eventually pave the way to novel biomarkers or therapeutic concepts for the treatment of diabetes and its accompanied complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Tina Botoc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Haisan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Emergency Department, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ionut Cucu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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11
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Agnoli C, Baroni L, Bertini I, Ciappellano S, Fabbri A, Goggi S, Metro D, Papa M, Sbarbati R, Scarino ML, Pellegrini N, Sieri S. A comprehensive review of healthy effects of vegetarian diets. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1308-1315. [PMID: 37217433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A comprehensive review comparing the effect of vegetarian (V) and non-vegetarian (NV) diets on the major cardiometabolic diseases' outcomes was performed. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed literature research (up to December 31, 2022) of the evidence separately for vascular disease (VD), obesity (OB), dyslipidemia (Dysl), hypertension (HPT), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), analyzing only cohort studies and randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and comparing the effect of V and NV diets. Cohort studies showed advantages of V diets compared to NV diets on incidence and/or mortality risk for ischemic heart disease, overweight and OB risk. Most cohort studies showed V had lower risk of HPT and lower blood pressure (BP) than NV and V diets had positive effects on T2D risk or plasma parameters. The few cohort studies on the risk of MetS reported mixed results. In RCTs, V diets, mainly low-fat-vegan ones, led to greater weight loss and improved glycemic control than NV diets and in the only one RCT a partial regression of coronary atherosclerosis. In most RCTs, V diets significantly reduced LDL-C levels (but also decreased HDL-C levels) and BP. CONCLUSIONS In this comprehensive review of the association between V diets and cardiometabolic outcomes, we found that following this type of diet may help to prevent most of these diseases. However, the non-uniformity of the studies, due to ethnic, cultural, and methodological differences, does not allow for generalizing the present results and drawing definitive conclusions. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm the consistency of our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition - SSNV, Venice (VE), Italy
| | | | - S Ciappellano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Fabbri
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - S Goggi
- Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Plant Based Clinic, via Giannone 9, 20154, Milano, Italy
| | - D Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - M Papa
- Messina Provincial Health Authority, Messina, Italy
| | | | - M L Scarino
- Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - N Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - S Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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12
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Liu Y, Zhong W, Li X, Shen F, Ma X, Yang Q, Hong S, Sun Y. Diets, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:268-284. [PMID: 37325710 PMCID: PMC10260722 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms, estimated trillions of them, which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients. In the past decades, the new generation 'omics' (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals, populations and even different time points within the same subjects. With massive efforts made, it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population, whose composition is influenced by the hosts' health conditions and lifestyles. Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota. The components in the diets vary in different countries, religions, and populations. Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota. The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neural diseases, and more. This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and their effects on the host's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442001 Hubei China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501 USA
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13
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Liu ZJ, Zhu CF. Causal relationship between insulin resistance and sarcopenia. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:46. [PMID: 36918975 PMCID: PMC10015682 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease characterized by reduced muscle mass and function, leading to disability, death, and other diseases. Recently, the prevalence of sarcopenia increased considerably, posing a serious threat to health worldwide. However, no clear international consensus has been reached regarding the etiology of sarcopenia. Several studies have shown that insulin resistance may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of induced muscle attenuation and that, conversely, sarcopenia can lead to insulin resistance. However, the causal relationship between the two is not clear. In this paper, the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is analyzed, the possible intrinsic causal relationship between sarcopenia and insulin resistance examined, and research progress expounded to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and study of the mechanism of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-jian Liu
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101 China
| | - Cui-feng Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101 China
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14
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Mokhtari E, Ahmadirad H, Teymoori F, Mohammadebrahim A, Bahrololomi SS, Mirmiran P. The association between dietary amino acids and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among Tehranian adults: a case-control study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:155. [PMID: 36575550 PMCID: PMC9793580 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids (AAs) are important bioactive components in the diet that can be involved in various underlying biological processes that contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study investigates the association between dietary intake of amino acids and NAFLD in Iranian adults. METHODS This study was conducted among 225 newly diagnosed cases of NAFLD and 450 controls. A valid and reliable 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect participants' dietary intakes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tertiles of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids (AAAs), and sulfuric amino acids (SAAs) intake with the odds of NAFLD among the study participants. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation of age and BMI of participants (53% male) were 38.1 ± 8.8 years and 26.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2, respectively. In the final models, the OR and 95% CI of NAFLD among participants in the highest tertiles of BCAAs, AAAs, and SAAs intake compared with those in the lowest tertiles were (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.50-5.30), (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.50-5.30), (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.49-5.48), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicated a direct association between the intake of AAs groups, including BCAAs, AAAs, SAAs, and the odds of NAFLD. We suggest that other researchers examine the association between AAs groups and NAFLD in large cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mokhtari
- grid.411600.2Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadebrahim
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, health and treatment center of shahriyar, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Bahrololomi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, health and treatment center of shahriyar, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Jorge-Smeding E, Polakof S, Bonnet M, Durand S, Centeno D, Pétéra M, Taussat S, Cantalapiedra-Hijar G. Untargeted metabolomics confirms the association between plasma branched chain amino acids and residual feed intake in beef heifers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277458. [PMID: 36445891 PMCID: PMC9707789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored plasma biomarkers and metabolic pathways underlying feed efficiency measured as residual feed intake (RFI) in Charolais heifers. A total of 48 RFI extreme individuals (High-RFI, n = 24; Low-RFI, n = 24) were selected from a population of 142 heifers for classical plasma metabolite and hormone quantification and plasma metabolomic profiling through untargeted LC-MS. Most efficient heifers (Low-RFI) had greater (P = 0.03) plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and tended to have (P = 0.06) a lower back fat depth compared to least efficient heifers. However, no changes were noted (P ≥ 0.10) for plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and urea. The plasma metabolomic dataset comprised 3,457 ions with none significantly differing between RFI classes after false discovery rate correction (FDR > 0.10). Among the 101 ions having a raw P < 0.05 for the RFI effect, 13 were putatively annotated by using internal databases and 6 compounds were further confirmed with standards. Metabolic pathway analysis from these 6 confirmed compounds revealed that the branched chain amino acid metabolism was significantly (FDR < 0.05) impacted by the RFI classes. Our results confirmed for the first time in beef heifers previous findings obtained in male beef cattle and pointing to changes in branched-chain amino acids metabolism along with that of body composition as biological mechanisms related to RFI. Further studies are warranted to ascertain whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between these mechanisms and RFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Jorge-Smeding
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Polakof
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Stephanie Durand
- INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Centeno
- INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélanie Pétéra
- INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Taussat
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Eliance, Paris, France
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16
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Zhang J, Chi R, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Bao Q, Lv H, Han B, Sun H, Sun P. Preoperative administration of branched-chain amino acids reduces postoperative insulin resistance in rats by reducing liver gluconeogenesis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:78. [PMID: 36447227 PMCID: PMC9706859 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative insulin resistance (PIR) represents an important characteristic of metabolic response following surgical injury. Clinical outcomes are negatively correlated to postoperative insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, indicating a novel treatment for reducing postoperative insulin resistance is urgently needed. The current work aimed to assess the protective effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on glucose metabolism disorders induced surgically in a rat model, and to explore the underpinning mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, including the control and BCAA groups. Rats were given a compulsory oral 3 mL load by gavage two hours before surgery. The results showed that BCAA remarkably reduced glycemia by suppressing liver gluconeogenesis via reduction of cAMP-response element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) gene and protein expression levels (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that BCAA lower blood glucose levels by reducing liver gluconeogenesis without significant elevation of plasma insulin levels. We anticipate that preoperative BCAA supplementation may be a means for preventing postoperative insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Rui Chi
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Yi Xie
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Qun Bao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Hengyu Lv
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Bo Han
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The Province and Ministry Cosponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Peng Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
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Ramzan I, Ardavani A, Vanweert F, Mellett A, Atherton PJ, Idris I. The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:4411. [PMID: 36297095 PMCID: PMC9610746 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have concluded that elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, the development of this association over time and the quantification of the strength of this association for individual BCAAs prior to T2DM diagnosis remains unexplored. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the Healthcare Databases Advance Search (HDAS) via the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. The data sources included EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed for all papers from inception until November 2021. Nine studies were identified in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Stratification was based on follow-up times (0−6, 6−12 and 12 or more years) and controlling of body mass index (BMI) through the specific assessment of overweight cohorts was also undertaken. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between BCAA concentrations and the development of T2DM, with valine OR = 2.08 (95% CI = 2.04−2.12, p < 0.00001), leucine OR = 2.25 (95% CI = 1.76−2.87, p < 0.00001) and isoleucine OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 2.00−2.25, p < 0.00001. In addition, we demonstrated a positive consistent temporal association between circulating BCAA levels and the risk of developing T2DM with differentials in the respective follow-up times of 0−6 years, 6−12 years and ≥12 years follow-up for valine (OR = 2.08, 1.86 and 2.14, p < 0.05 each), leucine (OR = 2.10, 2.25 and 2.16, p < 0.05 each) and isoleucine (OR = 2.12, 1.90 and 2.16, p < 0.05 each) demonstrated. Conclusion: Plasma BCAA concentrations are associated with T2DM incidence across all temporal subgroups. We suggest the potential utility of BCAAs as an early biomarker for T2DM irrespective of follow-up time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ramzan
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arash Ardavani
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aisling Mellett
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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18
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Normalization of Vitamin D Serum Levels in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091267. [PMID: 36143944 PMCID: PMC9505541 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is involved in pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Further, elevation in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) has been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) pathology. However, the relationship between vitamin D and BCAAs in T2DM remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and BCAAs in T2DM. Materials and Methods: In total, 230 participants (137 with T2DM and 93 healthy controls) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Furthermore, an additional follow-up study was performed, including 20 T2DM patients with vitamin D deficiency. These patients were prescribed weekly vitamin D tablets (50,000 IU) for three months. The levels of several biochemical parameters were examined at the end of the vitamin D supplementation. Results: The results showed that patients with T2DM had higher serum levels of BCAAs and lower serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) compared with those of the healthy controls (p < 0.01). The serum levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with BCAA levels in T2DM patients (r = −0.1731, p < 0.05). In the follow-up study, 25(OH)D levels were significantly improved (p < 0.001) following vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the levels of BCAAs, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest a role for BCAAs and vitamin D in the etiology and progression of T2DM. Thus, managing vitamin D deficiency in patients with T2DM may improve glycemic control and lower BCAA levels.
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Accumulating studies have implied a critical role for the gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus (DM) and DN. However, the precise roles and regulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of DN remain largely unclear. In this study, metagenomics sequencing was performed using fecal samples from healthy controls (CON) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without DN. Fresh fecal samples from 15 T2DM patients without DN, 15 DN patients, and 15 age-, gender-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were collected. The compositions and potential functions of the gut microbiota were estimated. Although no difference of gut microbiota α and β diversity was observed between the CON, T2DM, and DN groups, the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridium, Eubacterium, and Roseburia intestinalis) and potential probiotics (Lachnospira and Intestinibacter) were significantly reduced in T2DM and DN patients. Besides, Bacteroides stercoris was significantly enriched in fecal samples from patients with DN. Moreover, Clostridium sp. 26_22 was negatively associated with serum creatinine (P < 0.05). DN patients could be accurately distinguished from CON by Clostridium sp. CAG_768 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.941), Bacteroides propionicifaciens (AUC = 0.905), and Clostridium sp. CAG_715 (AUC = 0.908). DN patients could be accurately distinguished from T2DM patients by Pseudomonadales, Fusobacterium varium, and Prevotella sp. MSX73 (AUC = 0.889). Regarding the potential bacterial functions of the gut microbiota, the citrate cycle, base excision repair, histidine metabolism, lipoic acid metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis were enriched in DN patients, while selenium metabolism and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis were decreased in DN patients. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota imbalance is found in fecal samples from DN patients, in which Roseburia intestinalis is significantly decreased, while Bacteroides stercoris is increased. There is a significant correlation between gut microbiota imbalance and clinical indexes related to lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and renal function. The gut microbiota may be predictive factors for the development and progression of DN, although further studies are warranted to illustrate their regulatory mechanisms.
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Yu L, Song P, Zhu Q, Li Y, Jia S, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang J. The Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Transition and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Chinese Adults From 1997 to 2015: Based on Seven Cross-Sectional Studies and a Prospective Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881847. [PMID: 35677550 PMCID: PMC9168595 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The situation is grim for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes in China. Serum and dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were risk factors for T2D. However, there is a lack of information on trends in consumption of BCAAs and the risk of T2D associated with BCAAs intake, based on nationally representative data in China. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively describe the dietary BCAAs transition and risk of T2D, at a national level among Chinese adults from 1997 to 2015. Methods The data sources were the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS). Cross-sectional data on intake were obtained from CHNS (1997, n = 9,404), CHNS (2000, n = 10,291), CHNS (2004, n = 9,682), CHNS (2006, n = 9,553), CHNS (2009, n = 9,811), CHNS (2011, n = 12,686) and CNHS (2015, n = 71,695). Prospective cohort data were obtained CHNS (1997-2015, n = 15,508). Results From 1997 to 2015, there was a significant decreasing trend in the BCAAs intake of Chinese adults in all subgroups (P < 0.0001) except for Leu in 80 or older, and a decreasing trend in the consumption of BCAAs after 40 years old (P < 0.05). The mean intake of BCAAs in the population of cohort study was 11.83 ± 3.77g/day. The 95% CI was above the HR of 1.0, when the consumptions were higher than 14.01, 3.75, 6.07, 4.21 g/day in BCAAs, Ile, Leu and Val, based on RCS curves. According to the Cox proportional hazards models, Compared with individuals with BCAAs consumption of 10.65-12.37 g/day, the multivariable-adjusted HR for diabetes was 2.26 (95% CI 1.45 to 3.51) for individuals with consumption of BCAAs more than 18.52 g/day. A statistically significant positive association between BCAAs intake and risk of T2D was observed in males or participants aged 45 years and older, but not in females or participants younger than 45 years. Conclusion Our results reveal a trend toward decreased BCAAs intake in Chinese from 1997 to 2015. After 40 years of age, consumption of BCAAs declined with increasing age. Higher BCAAs intake was associated with higher risk of T2D. This relationship is more stable among men and middle-aged and elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Cuomo P, Capparelli R, Iannelli A, Iannelli D. Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084325. [PMID: 35457142 PMCID: PMC9030262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mammalians cannot synthesize these amino acids de novo and must acquire them through their diet. High levels of BCAAs are associated with insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and non-metabolic diseases, including several forms of cancer. BCAAs—in particular leucine—activate the rapamycin complex1 mTORC1, which regulates cell growth and metabolism, glucose metabolism and several more essential physiological processes. Diets rich in BCAAs are associated with metabolic diseases (listed above), while diets low in BCAAs are generally reported to promote metabolic health. As for the dysregulation of the metabolism caused by high levels of BCAAs, recent studies propose that the accumulation of acyl-carnitine and diacyl-CoA in muscles alters lipid metabolism. However, this suggestion is not broadly accepted. On clinical grounds, pre- and post-operative metabolic profiles of candidate patients for bariatric surgery are being used to select the optimal procedure for each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cuomo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (D.I.)
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Université Côte d’ Azur, F-06108 Nice, France;
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice-Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet 2 Hospital, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestiere, F-062024 Nice, France
- Inserm, U1065, Team 8 “Hepatic Complications of Obesity and Alcohol”, F-062024 Nice, France
| | - Domenico Iannelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (D.I.)
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22
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Tucker LA. Macronutrient Intake and Insulin Resistance in 5665 Randomly Selected, Non-Diabetic U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050918. [PMID: 35267895 PMCID: PMC8912746 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this investigation was to evaluate the relationships between several macronutrients and insulin resistance in 5665 non-diabetic U.S. adults. A secondary objective was to determine the extent to which the associations were influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. A cross-sectional design and 8 years of data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to answer the research questions. Ten macronutrients were evaluated: total carbohydrate, starch, simple carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total protein, total fat, saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and total unsaturated fat. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), based on fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels, was used to index insulin resistance. Age, sex, race, year of assessment, physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and waist circumference were used as covariates. The relationships between total carbohydrate intake (F = 6.7, p = 0.0121), simple carbohydrate (F = 4.7, p = 0.0344) and HOMA-IR were linear and direct. The associations between fiber intake (F = 9.1, p = 0.0037), total protein (F = 4.4, p = 0.0393), total fat (F = 5.5, p = 0.0225), monounsaturated fat (F = 5.5, p = 0.0224), and total unsaturated fat (F = 6.5, p = 0.0132) were linear and inversely related to HOMA-IR, with 62 degrees of freedom. Starch, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat intakes were not related to HOMA-IR. In conclusion, in this nationally representative sample, several macronutrients were significant predictors of insulin resistance in U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Tucker
- College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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23
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Remme CA. Sudden cardiac death in diabetes and obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:418-426. [PMID: 35017043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) occur most frequently in the setting of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy and heart failure, but are also increasingly observed in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus and obesity. The incidence of these metabolic disorders is rising in Western countries, but adequate prevention and treatment of arrhythmias and SCD in affected patients is limited due to our incomplete knowledge of the underlying disease mechanisms. Here, an overview is presented of the prevalence of electrophysiological disturbances, ventricular arrhythmias and SCD in the clinical setting of diabetes and obesity. Experimental studies are reviewed, which have identified disease pathways and associated modulatory factors, in addition to pro-arrhythmic mechanisms. Key processes are discussed, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cardiac structural derangements, abnormal cardiac conduction, ion channel dysfunction, prolonged repolarization and dysregulation of intracellular sodium and calcium homeostasis. In addition, the recently identified pro-arrhythmic effects of dysregulated branched chain amino acid metabolism, a common feature in patients with metabolic disorders, are addressed. Finally, current management options are discussed, in addition to the potential development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies based on recent insight gained from translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Bielka W, Przezak A, Pawlik A. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010480. [PMID: 35008906 PMCID: PMC8745411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a significant clinical and therapeutic problem because it can lead to serious long-term complications. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, but there are indications that dysbiosis can play a role in the development of diabetes, or that it appears during the course of the disease. Changes in microbiota composition are observed in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. These modifications are associated with pro-inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, impaired β-cell function and development of insulin resistance. This review summarizes the role of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals and the changes in bacterial composition that can be associated with T1D or T2D. It also presents new developments in diabetes therapy based on influencing the gut microbiota as a promising method to alter the course of diabetes. Moreover, it highlights the lacking data and suggests future directions needed to prove the causal relationship between dysbiosis and diabetes, both T1D and T2D.
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Common and diet-specific metabolic pathways underlying residual feed intake in fattening Charolais yearling bulls. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24346. [PMID: 34934071 PMCID: PMC8692463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the preferred traits for feed efficiency animal breeding. However, RFI measurement is expensive and time-consuming and animal ranking may depend on the nature of the diets. We aimed to explore RFI plasma biomarkers and to unravel the underlying metabolic pathways in yearling bulls fed either a corn-silage diet rich in starch (corn diet) or a grass-silage diet rich in fiber (grass diet). Forty-eight extreme RFI animals (Low-RFI, n = 24, versus High-RFI, n = 24, balanced per diet) were selected from a population of 364 Charolais bulls and their plasma was subjected to a targeted LC-MS metabolomic approach together with classical metabolite and hormonal plasma analyses. Greater lean body mass and nitrogen use efficiency, and lower protein turnover were identified as common mechanisms underlying RFI irrespective of the diet. On the other hand, greater adiposity and plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) together with lower insulin sensitivity in High-RFI animals were only observed with corn diet. Conversely, greater plasma concentrations of BCAA and total triglycerides, but similar insulin concentrations were noted in efficient RFI cattle with grass diet. Our data suggest that there are diet-specific mechanisms explaining RFI differences in fattening Charolais yearling bulls.
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Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids differ with Holstein genetic strain in pasture-based dairy systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22414. [PMID: 34789813 PMCID: PMC8599868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In pasture-based systems, there are nutritional and climatic challenges exacerbated across lactation; thus, dairy cows require an enhanced adaptive capacity compared with cows in confined systems. We aimed to evaluate the effect of lactation stage (21 vs. 180 days in milk, DIM) and Holstein genetic strain (North American Holstein, NAH, n = 8; New Zealand Holstein, NZH, n = 8) on metabolic adaptations of grazing dairy cows through plasma metabolomic profiling and its association with classical metabolites. Although 67 metabolites were affected (FDR < 0.05) by DIM, no metabolite was observed to differ between genetic strains while only alanine was affected (FDR = 0.02) by the interaction between genetic strain and DIM. However, complementary tools for time-series analysis (ASCA analysis, MEBA ranking) indicated that alanine and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) differed between genetic strains in a lactation-stage dependent manner. Indeed, NZH cows had lower (P-Tukey < 0.05) plasma concentrations of leucine, isoleucine and valine than NAH cows at 21 DIM, probably signaling for greater insulin sensitivity. Metabolic pathway analysis also revealed that, independently of genetic strains, AA metabolism might be structurally involved in homeorhetic changes as 40% (19/46) of metabolic pathways differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05) between 21 and 180 DIM belonged to AA metabolism.
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Ballan R, Saad SMI. Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112528. [PMID: 34828808 PMCID: PMC8622611 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide has become a burden to healthcare systems. In 2019, around 463 million adults were living with diabetes mellitus, and T2DM accounted for 90 to 95% of cases. The relationship between the gut microbiota and T2DM has been explored with the advent of metagenomic techniques. Genome-wide association studies evaluating the microbiota of these individuals have pointed to taxonomic, functional, and microbial metabolite imbalances and represent a potential intervention in T2DM management. Several microbial metabolites and components, such as imidazole propionate, trimethylamine, and lipopolysaccharides, appear to impair insulin signaling, while short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites may improve it. In addition, the use of probiotics with the aim of transiently restoring the microbial balance or reducing the effects of microbial metabolites that impair insulin sensitivity has been explored. Herein, we critically review the available literature on the changes in the gut microbiota in T2DM together with potential adjuvant therapies that may improve the health status of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ballan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-2378
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28
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Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5110276. [PMID: 34447287 PMCID: PMC8384524 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.
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29
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Asghari G, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary Amino Acid Patterns Are Associated With Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:312-318. [PMID: 34053818 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No findings are available regarding the association of the dietary amino acid (AA) intakes with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. We aimed to assess the association between dietary AA patterns and incidence of CKD in adults. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 4,233 adults, who were free of CKD at baseline (2009-2011) and were followed for 3.1 years (2011-2014). The principal component analysis was used based on 8 AA groups to characterize major AA patterns. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of CKD across quartiles of dietary AA pattern scores. RESULTS Three major AA patterns were extracted: (1) higher loads of branched-chain, alcoholic, and aromatic AAs; (2) higher loads of acidic AAs, proline, and lower load of alkaline AAs and small AAs; and (3) higher loads of sulfuric AAs and small AAs. The mean ± standard deviation age of participants (45.9% male) was 39.4 ± 11.7 at baseline and the incidence of CKD was 12.1% (513 cases) after 3.1 years of follow-up. The highest score of first dietary AA pattern tended to be associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval1.06-1.93); however, the second pattern was related to a decreased risk of CKD (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.97) in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION These novel findings suggest that the dietary AA patterns may modify risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fang Q, Liu N, Zheng B, Guo F, Zeng X, Huang X, Ouyang D. Roles of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636175. [PMID: 34093430 PMCID: PMC8173181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a highly prevalent metabolic disease that has emerged as a global challenge due to its increasing prevalence and lack of sustainable treatment. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is one of the most frequent and severe microvascular complications of diabetes, is difficult to treat with contemporary glucose-lowering medications. The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease, and its metabolites have both beneficial and harmful effects on vital physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current findings regarding the role of gut microbial metabolites in the development and progression of DKD, which will help us better understand the possible mechanisms of DKD and explore potential therapeutic approaches for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Binjie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xiangchang Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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Diet-induced dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome in early life programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Res 2021; 168:3-19. [PMID: 33992660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maternal gut microbiome plays a critical role in fetal and early postnatal development, shaping fundamental processes including immune maturation and brain development, among others. Consequently, it also contributes to fetal programming of health and disease. Over the last decade, epidemiological studies and work in preclinical animal models have begun to uncover a link between dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by both genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions; however, clinical heterogeneity, phenotypic variability, and comorbidities make identification of underlying mechanisms difficult. Among environmental factors, exposure to maternal obesity in utero confers a significant increase in risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Obesogenic diets in humans, non-human primates, and rodents induce functional modifications in maternal gut microbiome composition, which animal studies suggest are causally related to adverse mental health outcomes in offspring. Here, we review evidence linking maternal diet-induced gut dysbiosis to neurodevelopmental disorders and discuss how it could affect pre- and early postnatal brain development. We are hopeful that this burgeoning field of research will revolutionize antenatal care by leading to accessible prophylactic strategies, such as prenatal probiotics, to improve mental health outcomes in children affected by maternal diet-induced obesity.
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Mokhtari E, Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. The association of insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the risk of insulin-related disorders: a prospective cohort study among participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:53. [PMID: 33985566 PMCID: PMC8117554 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to assess the association of empirical dietary (EDIH) and lifestyle (ELIH) index for hyperinsulinemia with the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell dysfunction in Iranian adults. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 1244 men and women aged ≥ 20 years were selected among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed for 3.2 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle insulinemic potential indices were calculated using dietary intake, body mass index, and physical activity information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associated risk of a 3-year incidence of insulin-related disorders. RESULTS The mean ± SD age and BMI of all eligible participants (42.7% males) were 43.0 ± 13.0 and 27.4 ± 4.9 in the study's baseline. After adjusting for all potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of ELIH score had a greater risk of developing hyperinsulinemia (OR:2.42, 95%CI:1.52-3.86, P for trend = < 0.001), insulin resistance (OR:2.71, 95%CI:1.75-4.18, P for trend = < 0.001) and insulin insensitivity (OR:2.65, 95%CI: 1.72-4.10, P for trend = < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the risk of incident β-cell dysfunction was lower in individuals with a higher score of ELIH in comparison to those with the lowest score (OR:0.30, 95%CI:0.19-0.45, P for trend = < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia was directly associated with insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and hyperinsulinemia and was inversely associated with β-cells dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Hu W, Liang Y, Zheng L, Zheng J, Wang B, Guo X. Different Effects of Leucine Supplementation and/or Exercise on Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:651303. [PMID: 34054726 PMCID: PMC8150005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.651303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases have increased due to the obesity epidemic. Early intervention for obesity through lifestyle and nutrition plays an important role in preventing obesity-related diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role of leucine and exercise in adiposity, systemic insulin resistance, and inflammation to provide theoretical and guiding basis for the early prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into HFD or LFD-fed mice group. After 9 weeks, glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed to detect their systemic insulin sensitivity. Starting from week 10, mice were divided into eight groups and treated with moderate exercise or/and 1.5% leucine. At week 13, systemic insulin sensitivity was detected by GTT. At week 14, mice were dissected to analyze adiposity and inflammation. Results In LFD mice, exercise significantly increased systemic insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 expression in the muscle and decreasing adiposity through increasing AMPK phosphorylation in adipose tissue. In HFD mice, the simultaneous intervention of exercise and leucine increases systemic insulin sensitivity by reducing liver and adipose tissue inflammation via decreasing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and increasing the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue. Conclusion There are different mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise and leucine on insulin resistance and inflammation in LFD-fed mice or HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiu Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Karusheva Y, Strassburger K, Markgraf DF, Zaharia OP, Bódis K, Kössler T, Tura A, Pacini G, Burkart V, Roden M, Szendroedi J. Branched-Chain Amino Acids Associate Negatively With Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Recent-Onset Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab067. [PMID: 34027277 PMCID: PMC8130764 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Context In addition to unfavorable effects on insulin sensitivity, elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) stimulate insulin secretion, which, over the long-term, could impair pancreatic β-cell function. Objective To investigate cross-sectional and prospective associations between circulating BCAA and postprandial β-cell function in recently diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods The study included individuals with well-controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes (known diabetes duration <12 months) and glucose-tolerant participants (controls) of similar age, sex, and body mass index (n = 10/group) who underwent mixed meal tolerance tests. Plasma BCAA levels were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, postprandial β-cell function was assessed from serum C-peptide levels, and insulin sensitivity was determined from PREDIM index (PREDIcted M-value). Results In type 1 diabetes, postprandial total BCAA, valine, and leucine levels were 25%, 18%, and 19% higher vs control, and total as well as individual postprandial BCAA were related inversely to C-peptide levels. In type 2 diabetes, postprandial isoleucine was 16% higher vs the respective controls, while neither total nor individual BCAA correlated with C-peptide levels. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was lower in both diabetes groups than in corresponding controls. Conclusion Insulin deficiency associates with sustained high BCAA concentrations, which could contribute to exhausting the insulin secretory reserve in early type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanislava Karusheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel F Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresa Kössler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Laswi I, Shafiq A, Al-Ali D, Burney Z, Pillai K, Salameh M, Mhaimeed N, Zakaria D, Chaari A, Yousri NA, Bendriss G. A Comparative Pilot Study of Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Commonalities, Specificities and Correlations with Lifestyle. Microorganisms 2021; 9:741. [PMID: 33918112 PMCID: PMC8065742 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are a common comorbidity in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), while anxiety-like behaviors are common among patients with gastrointestinal diseases. It is still unclear as to which microbes differentiate these two groups. This pilot study aims at proposing an answer by exploring both the bacteriome and the mycobiome in a cohort of 55 volunteers with NDD, GID or controls, while accounting for additional variables that are not commonly included such as probiotic intake and diet. Recruited participants answered a questionnaire and provided a stool sample using the Fisherbrand collection kit. Bacterial and fungal DNA was extracted using the Qiagen Stool minikit. Sequencing (16sRNA and ITS) and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the PE300 Illumina Miseq v3 sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using the R package. Results showed a significant decrease in bacterial alpha diversity in both NDD and GID, but an increased fungal alpha diversity in NDD. Data pointed at a significant bacterial dysbiosis between the three groups, but the mycobiome dysbiosis is more pronounced in NDD than in GID. Fungi seem to be more affected by probiotics, diet and antibiotic exposure and are proposed to be the main key player in differentiation between NDD and GID dybiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Laswi
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Ameena Shafiq
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Dana Al-Ali
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Zain Burney
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Krishnadev Pillai
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Mohammad Salameh
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Nada Mhaimeed
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Dalia Zakaria
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Noha A. Yousri
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Computers and System Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ghizlane Bendriss
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
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Masarone M, Troisi J, Aglitti A, Torre P, Colucci A, Dallio M, Federico A, Balsano C, Persico M. Untargeted metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in NAFLD: discrimination of steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Metabolomics 2021; 17:12. [PMID: 33458794 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (or NASH), up to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The challenge is to recognize the more severe and/or progressive pathology. A reliable non-invasive method does not exist. Untargeted metabolomics is a novel method to discover biomarkers and give insights on diseases pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES We applied metabolomics to understand if simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis in NAFLD patients have peculiar metabolites profiles that can differentiate them among each-others and from controls. METHODS Metabolomics signatures were obtained from 307 subjects from two separated enrollments. The first collected samples from 69 controls and 144 patients (78 steatosis, 23 NASH, 15 NASH-cirrhosis, 8 HCV-cirrhosis, 20 cryptogenic cirrhosis). The second, used as validation-set, enrolled 44 controls and 50 patients (34 steatosis, 10 NASH and 6 NASH-cirrhosis).The "Partial-Least-Square Discriminant-Analysis"(PLS-DA) was used to reveal class separation in metabolomics profiles between patients and controls and among each class of patients, and to reveal the metabolites contributing to class differentiation. RESULTS Several metabolites were selected as relevant, in particular:Glycocholic acid, Taurocholic acid, Phenylalanine, branched-chain amino-acids increased at the increase of the severity of the disease from steatosis to NASH, NASH-cirrhosis, while glutathione decreased (p < 0.001 for each). Moreover, an ensemble machine learning (EML) model was built (comprehending 10 different mathematical models) to verify diagnostic performance, showing an accuracy > 80% in NAFLD clinical stages prediction. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics profiles of NAFLD patients could be a useful tool to non-invasively diagnose NAFLD and discriminate among the various stages of the disease, giving insights into its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Theoreo srl, Via degli Ulivi 3, 84090, Montecorvino Pugliano, SA, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 3, 84125, Salerno, SA, Italy
- Hosmotic srl, Via R. Bosco 178, 80069, Vico Equense, NA, Italy
| | - Andrea Aglitti
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Pietro Torre
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Theoreo srl, Via degli Ulivi 3, 84090, Montecorvino Pugliano, SA, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara Balsano
- MESVA Department, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
- F. Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
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Ramzan I, Taylor M, Phillips B, Wilkinson D, Smith K, Hession K, Idris I, Atherton P. A Novel Dietary Intervention Reduces Circulatory Branched-Chain Amino Acids by 50%: A Pilot Study of Relevance for Obesity and Diabetes. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010095. [PMID: 33396718 PMCID: PMC7824725 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reducing circulatory BCAAs by dietary restriction was suggested to mitigate these risks in rodent models, but this is a challenging paradigm to deliver in humans. We aimed to design and assess the feasibility of a diet aimed at reducing circulating BCAA concentrations in humans, while maintaining energy balance and overall energy/protein intake. Twelve healthy individuals were assigned to either a 7-day BCAA-restricted diet or a 7-day control diet. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric, with only BCAA levels differing between the two. The BCAA-restricted diet significantly reduced circulating BCAA concentrations by ~50% i.e., baseline 437 ± 60 to 217 ± 40 µmol/L (p < 0.005). Individually, both valine (245 ± 33 to 105 ± 23 µmol/L; p < 0.0001), and leucine (130 ± 20 to 75 ± 13 µmol/L; p < 0.05), decreased significantly in response to the BCAA-restricted diet. The BCAA-restricted diet marginally lowered Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels: baseline 1.5 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.1; (p = 0.096). We successfully lowered circulating BCAAs by 50% while maintaining iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric dietary intakes, and while meeting the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for protein requirements. The present pilot study represents a novel dietary means by which to reduce BCAA, and as such, provides a blueprint for a potential dietary therapeutic in obesity/diabetes.
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Li M, Xu J, Zhang Y, Chu S, Sun S, Huo Y, Zhao J, Hu X, Wan C, Li L. Comparative analysis of fecal metabolite profiles in HFD-induced obese mice after oral administration of huangjinya green tea extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111744. [PMID: 32918987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the impact of Huangjinya on metabolic disorders and host endogenous metabolite profiles, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administrated with Huangjinya green tea extract (HGT) at the dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg for 9 weeks. Epigallocatechin gallate was the main catechin derivative, followed by epigallocatechin and catechin presented in HGT, which contained high levels of free amino acids (50.30 ± 0.60 mg/g). HGT significantly alleviated glucose and insulin intolerance, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and liver steatosis, and prevented white adipose tissue expansion in HFD-fed mice. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis revealed that HGT reduced the abundance of fecal branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, sphingolipids, and most acyl cholines, modulated bile acid metabolism by increasing chenodeoxycholate and reducing cholic acid content, and increased unsaturated fatty acids content. Fatherly, HGT activated insulin/PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways in the liver, reduced adipogenic and lipogenic genes expression, and promoted the genes expression related to lipolysis and adipocyte browning in white adipose tissue, contributed to improving metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed mice. The current study reported the impact of HGT supplementation on endogenous metabolite profiles, and highlights the positive roles of HGT in preventing diet-induced obesity and the related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Li
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Suo Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Shizhuo Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Yan Huo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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Burgos SA, Chevalier S, Morais JA, Lamarche M, Kellett S, Marliss EB. Acute hyperaminoacidemia does not suppress insulin-mediated glucose turnover in healthy young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:397-403. [PMID: 33080141 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated circulating amino acids (AA) concentrations are purported to cause insulin resistance (IR) in humans. To quantify hyperaminoacidemia effects on insulin-mediated glucose turnover in healthy men, we performed 2-stage pancreatic clamps using octreotide with glucagon and growth hormone replacement. In the basal stage, insulin was infused to maintain euglycemia at postabsorptive levels. During the clamp stage, insulin was raised to postprandial levels, glycemia clamped at 5.5 mmol/L by glucose infusion, and branched-chain AA (BCAA) maintained at either postabsorptive (Hyper1; n = 8) or postprandial (Hyper2; n = 7) by AA infusion. Glucose turnover was measured by d-3-[3H]glucose dilution. Octreotide suppressed C-peptide; glucagon, growth hormone, and glycemia were maintained at postabsorptive levels throughout. Insulin did not differ at postabsorptive (72 ± 5 vs. 60 ± 5 pmol/L; Hyper1 vs. Hyper2) and increased to similar concentrations at basal (108 ± 11 vs. 106 ± 14) and clamp stages (551 ± 23 vs. 540 ± 25). Postabsorptive BCAA were maintained during Hyper1 and increased >2-fold (830 ± 26 µmol/L) during Hyper2. Endogenous glucose production was similarly suppressed (0.95 ± 0.16 vs. 1.37 ± 0.23 mg/kg lean body mass/min; Hyper1 vs. Hyper2) and basal glucose disposal (3.44 ± 0.12 vs. 3.67 ± 0.14) increased to similar levels (10.89 ± 0.56 vs. 11.11 ± 1.00) during the clamp. Thus, acute physiological elevation of AA for 3 h did not cause IR in healthy men. Novelty: A 2-step pancreatic clamp was used to quantify the effect of AA on insulin sensitivity in humans. Acute physiological elevation of circulating AA to postprandial levels does not cause IR in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Burgos
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marie Lamarche
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Samantha Kellett
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Errol B Marliss
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Crossland H, Smith K, Idris I, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ, Wilkinson DJ. Exploring mechanistic links between extracellular branched-chain amino acids and muscle insulin resistance: an in vitro approach. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1151-C1157. [PMID: 33026831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00377.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential for critical metabolic processes; however, recent studies have associated elevated plasma BCAA levels with increased risk of insulin resistance. Using skeletal muscle cells, we aimed to determine whether continued exposure of high extracellular BCAA would result in impaired insulin signaling and whether the compound sodium phenylbutyrate (PB), which induces BCAA metabolism, would lower extracellular BCAA, thereby alleviating their potentially inhibitory effects on insulin-mediated signaling. Prolonged exposure of elevated BCAA to cells resulted in impaired insulin receptor substrate 1/AKT signaling and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. PB significantly reduced media BCAA and branched-chain keto acid concentrations and increased phosphorylation of AKT [+2.0 ± 0.1-fold; P < 0.001 versus without (-)PB] and AS160 (+3.2 ± 0.2-fold; P < 0.001 versus -PB); however, insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis was further reduced upon PB treatment. Continued exposure of high BCAA resulted in impaired intracellular insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis, and while forcing BCAA catabolism using PB resulted in increases in proteins important for regulating glucose uptake, PB did not prevent the impairments in glycogen synthesis with BCAA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Crossland
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
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Che L, Xu M, Gao K, Zhu C, Wang L, Yang X, Wen X, Xiao H, Jiang Z, Wu D. Valine increases milk fat synthesis in mammary gland of gilts through stimulating AKT/MTOR/SREBP1 pathway†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:126-137. [PMID: 30985894 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactating mammary glands are among the most active lipogenic organs and provide a large percentage of bioactive lipids and calories for infant growth. The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) valine is known to modulate fatty acids synthesis in adipose tissue; however, its effects on fat metabolism and the underlying mechanisms in mammary glands remain to be determined. Valine supplementation during late pregnancy significantly increased the contents of total milk fat, triglyceride, sphingomyelin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the colostrum of gilts. Further study in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) confirmed that valine upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AKT-activated MTOR and subsequently induced the nuclear accumulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), thus increasing the expression of proteins related to fatty acids synthesis and intracellular triacylglycerol content. Inhibition of AKT/MTOR signaling or silencing of SREBP1 in PMECs downregulates the expression of proteins related to fatty acids synthesis and intracellular triacylglycerol content. Our findings indicated that valine enhanced milk fat synthesis of colostrum in porcine mammary glands via the AKT/MTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Li WZ, Stirling K, Yang JJ, Zhang L. Gut microbiota and diabetes: From correlation to causality and mechanism. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:293-308. [PMID: 32843932 PMCID: PMC7415231 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i7.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes. On a global scale, diabetes causes a significant negative impact to the health status of human populations. This review covers type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. We examine promising studies which lead to a better understanding of the potential mechanism of microbiota in diabetes diseases. It appears that the human oral and gut microbiota are deeply interdigitated with diabetes. It is that simple. Recent studies of the human microbiome are capturing the attention of scientists and healthcare practitioners worldwide by focusing on the interplay of gut microbiome and diabetes. These studies focus on the role and the potential impact of intestinal microflora in diabetes. We paint a clear picture of how strongly microbes are linked and associated, both positively and negatively, with the fundamental and essential parts of diabetes in humans. The microflora seems to have an endless capacity to impact and transform diabetes. We conclude that there is clear and growing evidence of a close relationship between the microbiota and diabetes and this is worthy of future investments and research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zheng Li
- Microbiome-X, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kyle Stirling
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, United States
- The Crisis Technologies Innovation Lab, Indiana University, The Information Technology Services and the Pervasive Technology Institute, Bloomington, IN 47408, United States
- Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology for Health Sciences and Precision Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
- Microbiome Research Center, Shandong Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Children’s Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Lin Yi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
- Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology for Health Sciences and Precision Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Children’s Microbiome Center, Research Institute of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, and Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China
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Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Tahmasebinejad Z, Esfandiar Z, Bakhshi B, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Weight gain, but not macronutrient intake, modifies the effect of dietary branch chain amino acids on the risk of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 161:108039. [PMID: 32007512 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate whether both weight change and the background intakes of macronutrient modulate the association between dietary branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This prospective study was conducted within the framework of theTehranLipidand Glucose Study. BCAA intakes were collected using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. MetS components were defined according to the modified national Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Weight change was categorized as weight gain (≥ or <7% over 8.9 year follow-up). Dietary fat and carbohydrate intake were categorized as above/below the median intake. RESULTS Among participants with weight gain ≥ 7% during follow-up, intakes of both dietary BCAAs and its various sources (below or above the median intake) were associated with higher risk of MetS, compared with subjects with lower intakes of BCAAs and weight change ≤ 7%. Background dietary fat and carbohydrate did not modify the association of dietary BCAAs and its various sources with the risk of MetS. CONCLUSIONS Weight change, but not dietary macronutrient intake, modulates the association between dietary BCAAs and risk of MetS among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhale Tahmasebinejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Esfandiar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Bakhshi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Roquetto AR, Moura CS, de Almeida Santos-Junior V, Oliveira POS, Machado KIA, Carvalho GCBC, Risso EM, Amaya-Farfan J. Moderate intake of BCAA-rich protein improves glucose homeostasis in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108332. [PMID: 32217465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the fact that dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been considered to be a cause of insulin resistance (IR), evidence indicates that BCAA-rich whey proteins (WPs) do not lead to IR in animals consuming high-fat (HF) diets and may instead improve glucose homeostasis. To address the role of BCAA-rich WP as dietary protein in IR and inflammatory response, we fed C57BL/6J mice either high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diets formulated with moderate protein levels (13% w/w) of either WP or hydrolyzed WP (WPH) and compared them with casein (CAS) as a reference. The muscle and plasma free amino acid profiles, inflammatory parameters and glycemic homeostasis were examined. While the LF/CAS diet promoted the rise in triglycerides and inflammatory parameters, the HF/CAS induced typical IR responses and impaired biochemical parameters. No differences in plasma BCAAs were detected, but the HF/WPH diet led to a twofold increase in gastrocnemius muscle free amino acids, including BCAAs. In general, ingestion of WPH was effective at averting or attenuating the damage caused by both the LF and HF diets. No high concentrations of BCAAs in the plasma or signs of IR were found in those mice fed an HF diet along with the hydrolyzed whey proteins. It is concluded that consumption of BCAA-rich whey proteins, especially WPH, does not result in the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rissetti Roquetto
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Soares Moura
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Karla Idelça Aires Machado
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Eder Müller Risso
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Sali S, Farhadnejad H, Asghari G, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Djazayeri A, Azizi F. Animal based low carbohydrate diet is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Tehranian adults. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:87. [PMID: 33042230 PMCID: PMC7539407 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score with the risk of type 2 diabetes among adults. METHODS This cohort study was conducted on 4356 healthy participants aged ≥ 19 years old, who were followed-up for a mean duration of 3 years within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. LCD score was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire according to intake of carbohydrate, protein, and fat at baseline. Diabetes was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of diabetes across quartiles of LCD score. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of the study participants (44.4% men) was 40.5 ± 13.0 years. The median (25-75 interquartile range) of LCD score was 17.0 (12.0-21.0) and after a 3 year follow-up period, 123 (2.8%) incident cases of diabetes were ascertained. After adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, total calorie intake, saturated fatty acid, waist circumference, educational level, and family history of diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes, comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, were 2.16 (1.16-4.04) for total LCD score (P-value = 0.015), 1.81 (1.06-3.11) for animal-based LCD score (P-value = 0.029), and 1.47 (0.85-2.52) for plant-based LCD score (P-value = 0.160). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a higher adherence to LCD, mostly with higher intakes of protein and fat from animal-source foods, can increase the incidence of diabetes; however, a plant-based low-carbohydrate dietary pattern is not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Sali
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayeri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Erratum. J Diabetes 2019; 11:920. [PMID: 31608605 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Allman BR, Andres A, Børsheim E. The Association of Maternal Protein Intake during Pregnancy in Humans with Maternal and Offspring Insulin Sensitivity Measures. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz055. [PMID: 31139768 PMCID: PMC6533362 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the studies assessing the relations between protein intake during human pregnancy and insulin sensitivity measures in the mother and offspring, and to get a better understanding of the knowledge gaps that still exist. Overall, there is insufficient evidence to conclude about implications of higher amounts of protein intake during pregnancy on maternal or offspring insulin sensitivity. However, studies show a relation between protein quality and insulin sensitivity, such that animal protein may be associated with negative outcomes and plant protein may be associated with positive insulin sensitivity outcomes. There is an urgent need for standardized studies using comparable terminology to evaluate any potential relations between insulin sensitivity in mothers and offspring and truly low and high maternal protein intake while maintaining eucaloric balance to better inform about optimal protein dosage and quality during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Allman
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Woo SL, Yang J, Hsu M, Yang A, Zhang L, Lee RP, Gilbuena I, Thames G, Huang J, Rasmussen A, Carpenter CL, Henning SM, Heber D, Wang Y, Li Z. Effects of branched-chain amino acids on glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic men and women: a randomized, crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1569-1577. [PMID: 31005973 PMCID: PMC6900494 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated in obese, insulin-resistant individuals. However, it is not known if supplementation of additional BCAAs will further impair glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effects of BCAA supplementation on glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic individuals. METHODS This is a randomized crossover study involving 12 obese individuals with prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily supplement containing either 20 g BCAA or protein low in BCAAs for 4 wk with a 2-wk washout in between. At each visit, an oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Collected blood samples were used to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance-associated biomarkers. RESULTS BCAA supplementation tended to decrease the plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) measured by the OGTT (AUC percentage change from supplementation baseline, BCAA: -3.3% ± 3%; low-BCAA: 10.0% ± 6%; P = 0.08). However, BCAA supplementation did not affect plasma insulin during OGTT challenge (BCAA: -3.9% ± 8%; low-BCAA: 14.8% ± 10%; P = 0.28). The plasma concentrations of nerve growth factor (BCAA: 4.0 ± 1 pg/mL; low-BCAA: 5.7 ± 1 pg/mL; P = 0.01) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (BCAA: -0.4% ± 9%; low-BCAA: 29.0% ± 18%; P = 0.02) were significantly lowered by BCAA supplementation compared to low-BCAA control. Plasma interleukin 1β was significantly elevated by BCAA supplementation (BCAA: 231.4% ± 187%; low-BCAA: 20.6% ± 33%; P = 0.05). BCAA supplementation did not affect the circulating concentrations of the BCAAs leucine (BCAA: 9.0% ± 12%; low-BCAA: 9.2% ± 11%), valine (BCAA: 9.1% ± 11%; low-BCAA: 12.0% ± 13%), or isoleucine (BCAA: 2.5% ± 11%; low-BCAA: 7.3% ± 11%). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BCAA supplementation did not impair glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic subjects. Further studies are needed to confirm the results seen in the present study. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03715010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lung Woo
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark Hsu
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alicia Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ru-po Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Irene Gilbuena
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gail Thames
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anna Rasmussen
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine L Carpenter
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,Address correspondence to ZL (e-mail: )
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Darst BF, Lu Q, Johnson SC, Engelman CD. Integrated analysis of genomics, longitudinal metabolomics, and Alzheimer's risk factors among 1,111 cohort participants. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:657-674. [PMID: 31104335 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly heritable, genetic variants are known to be associated with AD only explain a small proportion of its heritability. Genetic factors may only convey disease risk in individuals with certain environmental exposures, suggesting that a multiomics approach could reveal underlying mechanisms contributing to complex traits, such as AD. We developed an integrated network to investigate relationships between metabolomics, genomics, and AD risk factors using Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participants. Analyses included 1,111 non-Hispanic Caucasian participants with whole blood expression for 11,376 genes (imputed from dense genome-wide genotyping), 1,097 fasting plasma metabolites, and 17 AD risk factors. A subset of 155 individuals also had 364 fastings cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) metabolites. After adjusting each of these 12,854 variables for potential confounders, we developed an undirected graphical network, representing all significant pairwise correlations upon adjusting for multiple testing. There were many instances of genes being indirectly linked to AD risk factors through metabolites, suggesting that genes may influence AD risk through particular metabolites. Follow-up analyses suggested that glycine mediates the relationship between carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 and measures of cardiovascular and diabetes risk, including body mass index, waist-hip ratio, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Further, 38 CSF metabolites explained more than 60% of the variance of CSF levels of tau, a detrimental protein that accumulates in the brain of AD patients and is necessary for its diagnosis. These results further our understanding of underlying mechanisms contributing to AD risk while demonstrating the utility of generating and integrating multiple omics data types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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50
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Haydar S, Grigorescu F, Vintilă M, Cogne Y, Lautier C, Tutuncu Y, Brun JF, Robine JM, Pugeat M, Normand C, Poucheret P, Gheorghiu ML, Georgescu C, Badiu C, Băculescu N, Renard E, Ylli D, Badiou S, Sutra T, Cristol JP, Mercier J, Gomis R, Macias JM, Litvinov S, Khusnutdinova E, Poiana C, Pasquali R, Lauro D, Sesti G, Prudente S, Trischitta V, Tsatsoulis A, Abdelhak S, Barakat A, Zenati A, Ylli A, Satman I, Kanninen T, Rinato Y, Missoni S. Fine-scale haplotype mapping of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes indicates association with insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome and relationship with branched chain amino acid metabolism or regulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214122. [PMID: 30913280 PMCID: PMC6435171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential elements of the human diet, which display increased plasma levels in obesity and regained particular interest as potential biomarkers for development of diabetes. To define determinants of insulin resistance (IR) we investigated 73 genes involved in BCAA metabolism or regulation by fine-scale haplotype mapping in two European populations with metabolic syndrome. French and Romanians (n = 465) were genotyped for SNPs (Affymetrix) and enriched by imputation (BEAGLE 4.1) at 1000 genome project density. Initial association hits detected by sliding window were refined (HAPLOVIEW 3.1 and PHASE 2.1) and correlated to homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR) index, in vivo insulin sensitivity (SI) and BCAA plasma levels (ANOVA). Four genomic regions were associated with IR located downstream of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes (P between 9.3 and 3.7 x 10-5). Inferred haplotypes up to 13 SNPs length were associated with IR (e.g. MUT gene with P < 4.9 x 10-5; Bonferroni 1.3 x 10-3) and synergistic to HOMAIR. SNPs in the same regions were also associated with one order of magnitude lower P values (e.g. rs20167284 in the MUT gene with P < 1.27 x 10-4) and replicated in Mediterranean samples (n = 832). In French, influential haplotypes (OR > 2.0) were correlated with in vivo insulin sensitivity (1/SI) except for SLC6A15 gene. Association of these genes with BCAA levels was variable, but influential haplotypes confirmed implication of MUT from BCAA metabolism as well as a role of regulatory genes (AACS and PRKCA) and suggested potential changes in transcriptional activity. These data drive attention towards new regulatory regions involved in IR in relation with BCAA and show the ability of haplotypes in phased DNA to detect signals complimentary to SNPs, which may be useful in designing genetic markers for clinical applications in ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Haydar
- University of Montpellier, UMR204 NUTRIPASS (IRD, UM, SupAgro), Montpellier, France
| | - Florin Grigorescu
- University of Montpellier, UMR204 NUTRIPASS (IRD, UM, SupAgro), Montpellier, France
| | - Mădălina Vintilă
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila, Department of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yannick Cogne
- University of Montpellier, UMR204 NUTRIPASS (IRD, UM, SupAgro), Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Lautier
- University of Montpellier, UMR204 NUTRIPASS (IRD, UM, SupAgro), Montpellier, France
| | - Yildiz Tutuncu
- Istanbul University, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean Frederic Brun
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Michel Pugeat
- University Claude Bernard de Lyon 1, Lyon-Bron, France
| | - Christophe Normand
- University of Montpellier, UMR204 NUTRIPASS (IRD, UM, SupAgro), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Monica Livia Gheorghiu
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila, Department of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Georgescu
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila, Department of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Băculescu
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila, Department of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eric Renard
- Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Montpellier, Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorina Ylli
- Mjekesise University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Stephanie Badiou
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Sutra
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Paul Cristol
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Catalina Poiana
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila, Department of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Renato Pasquali
- University Alma Mater Studiorum, Division of Endocrinology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Scientific Institute Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovani Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Scientific Institute Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovani Rotondo, Italy
| | - Agathocles Tsatsoulis
- University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Akila Zenati
- Universite d'Alger, CHU Bab-El-Oued, Alger, Algeria
| | - Agron Ylli
- Mjekesise University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ilhan Satman
- Istanbul University, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Sasa Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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