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Zhang W, Wang L, Wang Y, Fang Y, Cao R, Fang Z, Han D, Huang X, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Cao F. Inhibition of the RXRA-PPARα-FABP4 signaling pathway alleviates vascular cellular aging by an SGLT2 inhibitor in an atherosclerotic mice model. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-024-2602-7. [PMID: 39225895 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which rapidly progresses during the cellular senescence. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with ASCVD and have potential antisenescence effects. Here, we investigate the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cellular senescence in atherosclerotic mice. Compared with ApoE-/- control mice treated with normal saline, those in the ApoE-/- dapagliflozin group, receiving intragastric dapagliflozin (0.1 mg kg-1 d-1) for 14 weeks, exhibited the reduction in the total aortic plaque area (48.8%±6.6% vs. 74.6%±8.0%, P<0.05), the decrease in the lipid core area ((0.019±0.0037) mm2vs. (0.032±0.0062) mm2, P<0.05) and in the percentage of senescent cells within the plaques (16.4%±3.7% vs. 30.7%±2.0%, P<0.01), while the increase in the thickness of the fibrous cap ((21.6±2.1) µm vs. (14.6±1.5) µm, P<0.01). Transcriptome sequencing of the aortic arch in the mice revealed the involvement of the PPARα and the fatty acid metabolic signaling pathways in dapagliflozin's mechanism of ameliorating cellular aging and plaque progression. In vitro, dapagliflozin inhibited the expression of PPARα and its downstream signal FABP4, by which the accumulation of senescent cells in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) was reduced under high-fat conditions. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the intracellular lipid content and alleviation of oxidative stress. However, these beneficial effects of dapagliflozin could be reversed by the PPARα overexpression. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking simulations revealed that dapagliflozin might exert its effects by directly interacting with the RXRA protein, thereby influencing the expression of the PPARα signaling pathway. In conclusion, the cellular senescence of aortic smooth muscle cells is potentially altered by dapagliflozin through the suppression of the RXRA-PPARα-FABP4 signaling pathway, resulting in a deceleration of atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Linghuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhenghui Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
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AlSaeed H, Haider MJA, Alzaid F, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R, Al-Rashed F. PPARdelta: A key modulator in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-morbidity. iScience 2024; 27:110046. [PMID: 38989454 PMCID: PMC11233913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between lipid metabolism and immune response in macrophages plays a pivotal role in various infectious diseases, notably tuberculosis (TB). Herein, we illuminate the modulatory effect of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HKMT) on macrophage lipid metabolism and its implications on the inflammatory cascade. Our findings demonstrate that HKMT potently activates the lipid scavenger receptor, CD36, instigating lipid accumulation. While CD36 inhibition mitigated lipid increase, it unexpectedly exacerbated the inflammatory response. Intriguingly, this paradoxical effect was linked to an upregulation of PPARδ. Functional analyses employing PPARδ modulation revealed its central role in regulating both lipid dynamics and inflammation, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, primary monocytic cells from diabetic individuals, a demographic at amplified risk of TB, exhibited heightened PPARδ expression and inflammation, further underscoring its pathological relevance. Targeting PPARδ in these cells effectively dampened the inflammatory response, offering a promising therapeutic avenue against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halemah AlSaeed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, Dasman, Kuwait, PO BOX 1180, Dasman 15462, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohammed J A Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO BOX 5969, Safat 13060, State of Kuwait
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Bioenergetics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, Dasman, Kuwait, PO BOX 1180, Dasman 15462, State of Kuwait
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, Dasman, Kuwait, PO BOX 1180, Dasman 15462, State of Kuwait
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Tudurachi BS, Anghel L, Tudurachi A, Sascău RA, Zanfirescu RL, Stătescu C. Unraveling the Cardiac Matrix: From Diabetes to Heart Failure, Exploring Pathways and Potential Medications. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1314. [PMID: 38927520 PMCID: PMC11201699 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) often leads to heart failure (HF) through acute or chronic maladaptive remodeling processes. This establishes coronary artery disease (CAD) and HF as significant contributors to cardiovascular illness and death. Therefore, treatment strategies for patients with CAD primarily focus on preventing MI and lessening the impact of HF after an MI event. Myocardial fibrosis, characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is central to cardiac remodeling. Understanding these processes is key to identifying new treatment targets. Recent studies highlight SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) as favorable options in managing type 2 diabetes due to their low hypoglycemic risk and cardiovascular benefits. This review explores inflammation's role in cardiac fibrosis and evaluates emerging anti-diabetic medications' effectiveness, such as SGLT2i, GLP1-RAs, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), in preventing fibrosis in patients with diabetes post-acute MI. Recent studies were analyzed to identify effective medications in reducing fibrosis risk in these patients. By addressing these areas, we can advance our understanding of the potential benefits of anti-diabetic medications in reducing cardiac fibrosis post-MI and improve patient outcomes in individuals with diabetes at risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Sorin Tudurachi
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (R.-L.Z.)
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (R.-L.Z.)
| | - Andreea Tudurachi
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (R.-L.Z.)
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (R.-L.Z.)
| | - Răzvan-Liviu Zanfirescu
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (R.-L.Z.)
- Physiology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (R.-L.Z.)
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Yan M, Lin K, Huang D, Li J, Qu X, Chen K. Semaglutide attenuates pathological electrophysiological remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy via restoring Cx43 expression. Endocrine 2024; 84:969-979. [PMID: 38647981 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaglutide is a relatively new anti-hyperglycemic agent that was shown to carry cardioprotective potentials. However, the exact effects of semaglutide on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and their underlining mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of semaglutide on myocardium injury and cardiac function in DCM mice and its potential mechanisms, with emphasis on its effects on Cx43 and electrophysiological remodeling. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, semaglutide group, diabetes group, and diabetes + semaglutide treatment group. Type 1 diabetes were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Mice in the semaglutide intervention group were injected subcutaneously with semaglutide (0.15 mg/kg) every week for 8 weeks. The blood glucose, cardiac function, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, expression of Sirt1, AMPK, Cx43, and electrocardiogram of mice in each group were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with semaglutide alleviated glucose metabolism disorders and improved cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. In addition, semaglutide ameliorated the increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic heart. Sirt1/AMPK pathway was activated after semaglutide treatment. Furthermore, diabetic mice showed reduced expression of Cx43 in the myocardium, accompanied by changes in electrocardiogram, including significantly prolonged RR, QRS, QT and QTc interval. Semaglutide treatment restored Cx43 expression and reversed the above-mentioned ECG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our research results showed that semaglutide protected against oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic heart, thereby improving cardiac function and electrophysiological remodelling in DCM mice, which may attribute to activation of Sirt1/AMPK pathway and restore of Cx43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kaibin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Kankai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Zhang J, Wang G, Shi Y, Liu X, Liu S, Chen W, Ning Y, Cao Y, Zhao Y, Li M. Growth differentiation factor 11 regulates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammasome activation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:160. [PMID: 38715043 PMCID: PMC11077721 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a crucial complication of long-term chronic diabetes that can lead to myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and heart failure. There is increasing evidence that DCM is associated with pyroptosis, a form of inflammation-related programmed cell death. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, which regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell survival to mitigate myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and vascular injury. However, the role of GDF11 in regulating pyroptosis in DCM remains to be elucidated. This research aims to investigate the role of GDF11 in regulating pyroptosis in DCM and the related mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce a diabetes model. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in high glucose (50 mM) to establish an in vitro model of diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were preinjected with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) intravenously via the tail vein to specifically overexpress myocardial GDF11. GDF11 attenuated pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes after high-glucose treatment. In diabetic mice, GDF11 alleviated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, GDF11 inhibited pyroptosis by preventing inflammasome activation. GDF11 achieved this by specifically binding to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and preventing the assembly and activation of the inflammasome. Additionally, the expression of GDF11 during pyroptosis was regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that GDF11 can treat diabetic cardiomyopathy by alleviating pyroptosis and reveal the role of the PPARα-GDF11-ASC pathway in DCM, providing ideas for new strategies for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wendi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunna Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yueran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Boshchenko AA, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Zhuravleva OA, Slidnevskaya AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Zinovieva AS, Ilinykh PA. Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4900. [PMID: 38732142 PMCID: PMC11084666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main problems of modern cardiology. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create more effective drugs for the treatment of AMI than those currently used in the clinic. Such drugs could be enzyme-resistant peptide analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. In addition, chronic administration of GLP1R agonists can alleviate the development of adverse cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. GLP1R agonists can protect the heart against oxidative stress and reduce proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) expression in the myocardium. GLP1R stimulation inhibits apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. The activation of the GLP1R augments autophagy and mitophagy in the myocardium. GLP1R agonists downregulate reactive species generation through the activation of Epac and the GLP1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. The GLP1R, kinases (PKCε, PKA, Akt, AMPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, mTOR, GSK-3β, PKG, MEK1/2, and MKK3), enzymes (HO-1 and eNOS), transcription factors (STAT3, CREB, Nrf2, and FoxO3), KATP channel opening, and MPT pore closing are involved in the cardioprotective effect of GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Boshchenko
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Zhuravleva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S. Slidnevskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arina S. Zinovieva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Ye W, Han K, Xie M, Li S, Chen G, Wang Y, Li T. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Physiological adaption, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:936-948. [PMID: 38527931 PMCID: PMC11046025 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as abnormal structure and function of the heart in the setting of diabetes, which could eventually develop heart failure and leads to the death of the patients. Although blood glucose control and medications to heart failure show beneficial effects on this disease, there is currently no specific treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Over the past few decades, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been extensively studied, and an increasing number of studies pinpoint that impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is a key mediator as well as a therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the latest research in the field of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on mitochondrial damage and adaptation, altered energy substrates, and potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy may help to gain more mechanistic insights and generate more precise mitochondria-oriented therapies to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maodi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Center, MAGIC China Center, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Jalil JE, Gabrielli L, Ocaranza MP, MacNab P, Fernández R, Grassi B, Jofré P, Verdejo H, Acevedo M, Cordova S, Sanhueza L, Greig D. New Mechanisms to Prevent Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism (GLP-1 RA) in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4407. [PMID: 38673991 PMCID: PMC11049921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of obesity on the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and focuses on novel mechanisms for HFpEF prevention using a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism (GLP-1 RA). Obesity can lead to HFpEF through various mechanisms, including low-grade systemic inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, and increased pericardial/epicardial adipose tissue (contributing to an increase in myocardial fat content and interstitial fibrosis). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is released from the enteroendocrine L-cells in the gut. GLP-1 reduces blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin synthesis, suppressing islet α-cell function, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of β-cells. GLP-1 regulates gastric emptying and appetite, and GLP-1 RA is currently indicated for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Recent evidence indicates that GLP-1 RA may play a significant role in preventing HFpEF in patients with obesity, MS, or obese T2D. This effect may be due to activating cardioprotective mechanisms (the endogenous counter-regulatory renin angiotensin system and the AMPK/mTOR pathway) and by inhibiting deleterious remodeling mechanisms (the PKA/RhoA/ROCK pathway, aldosterone levels, and microinflammation). However, there is still a need for further research to validate the impact of these mechanisms on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Jalil
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Paul MacNab
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Fernández
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (B.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Paulina Jofré
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (B.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Hugo Verdejo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Monica Acevedo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Samuel Cordova
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Luis Sanhueza
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Douglas Greig
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago 8330055, Chile; (L.G.); (P.M.); (R.F.); (H.V.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (D.G.)
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Li M, Liu L, Zhang C, Deng L, Zhong Y, Liao B, Li X, Wan Y, Feng J. The latest emerging drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:641-654. [PMID: 38660817 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2347468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus involving multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. In addition to hypoglycemic agents commonly used in diabetes, metabolism-related drugs, natural plant extracts, melatonin, exosomes, and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are cardioprotective in DCM. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of drugs for DCM. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors systematically summarize the most recent drugs used for the treatment of DCM and discusses them from the perspective of DCM pathophysiological mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION We discuss DCM drugs from the perspective of the pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM, mainly including inflammation and metabolism. As a disease with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, the combination of drugs may be more advantageous, and we have discussed some of the current studies on the combination of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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10
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Myasoedova VA, Bozzi M, Valerio V, Moschetta D, Massaiu I, Rusconi V, Di Napoli D, Ciccarelli M, Parisi V, Agostoni P, Genovese S, Poggio P. Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Oxidation: The Key to Unlocking the Cardiovascular Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP1 Receptor Agonists. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 38275636 PMCID: PMC10812629 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent and complex metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have emerged as novel therapeutic agents for T2DM, primarily aiming to reduce blood glucose levels. However, recent investigations have unveiled their multifaceted effects, extending beyond their glucose-lowering effect. SGLT2i operate by inhibiting the SGLT2 receptor in the kidneys, facilitating the excretion of glucose through urine, leading to reduced blood glucose levels, while GLP1-RA mimic the action of the GLP1 hormone, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Both SGLT2i and GLP1-RA have shown remarkable benefits in reducing major cardiovascular events in patients with and without T2DM. This comprehensive review explores the expanding horizons of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA in improving cardiovascular health. It delves into the latest research, highlighting the effects of these drugs on heart physiology and metabolism. By elucidating their diverse mechanisms of action and emerging evidence, this review aims to recapitulate the potential of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA as therapeutic options for cardiovascular health beyond their traditional role in managing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A. Myasoedova
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Michele Bozzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Vincenza Valerio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Donato Moschetta
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Ilaria Massaiu
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Rusconi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniele Di Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (D.D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (D.D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
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11
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Pu Y, Cheng CK, Zhang H, Luo JY, Wang L, Tomlinson B, Huang Y. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists in cardiovascular health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2086-2114. [PMID: 37119045 DOI: 10.1002/med.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor regulating multiple biological processes, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response critical to cardiovascular homeostasis. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) lining the lumen of blood vessels maintains vascular homeostasis, where endothelial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation triggers the pathogenesis of CVD. PPARα activation decreases endothelial inflammation and senescence, contributing to improved vascular function and reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switch and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, in which PPARα activation improves VSMC homeostasis. Different immune cells participate in the progression of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PPARα in immune cells plays a critical role in immunological events, such as monocyte/macrophage adhesion and infiltration, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell (DC) embedment, T cell activation, and B cell differentiation. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction, a major risk factor for heart failure, can also be alleviated by PPARα activation through maintaining cardiac mitochondrial stability and inhibiting cardiac lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the current understanding and future perspectives on the role of PPARα in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the clinical application of PPARα ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Saha S, Fang X, Green CD, Das A. mTORC1 and SGLT2 Inhibitors-A Therapeutic Perspective for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15078. [PMID: 37894760 PMCID: PMC10606418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a critical diabetes-mediated co-morbidity characterized by cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, without predisposing hypertensive or atherosclerotic conditions. Metabolic insulin resistance, promoting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, is the primary cause of diabetes-related disorders, but ambiguous tissue-specific insulin sensitivity has shed light on the importance of identifying a unified target paradigm for both the glycemic and non-glycemic context of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies have indicated hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), specifically complex 1 (mTORC1), as a critical mediator of T2D pathophysiology by promoting insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and stress. Moreover, mTORC1 inhibitors like rapamycin and their analogs have shown significant benefits in diabetes and related cardiac dysfunction. Recently, FDA-approved anti-hyperglycemic sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have gained therapeutic popularity for T2D and diabetic cardiomyopathy, even acknowledging the absence of SGLT2 channels in the heart. Recent studies have proposed SGLT2-independent drug mechanisms to ascertain their cardioprotective benefits by regulating sodium homeostasis and mimicking energy deprivation. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of mTORC1 as a unified, eminent target to treat T2D-mediated cardiac dysfunction and scrutinize whether SGLT2is can target mTORC1 signaling to benefit patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are warranted to establish the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is under diabetic conditions, with selective inhibition of cardiac mTORC1 but the concomitant activation of mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Christopher D. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.S.); (X.F.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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13
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Li W, Huang G, Tang N, Lu P, Jiang L, Lv J, Qin Y, Lin Y, Xu F, Lei D. Association between co-exposure to phenols, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the risk of frailty. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105181-105193. [PMID: 37713077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of population aging has brought forth the challenge of frailty. Nevertheless, the contribution of environmental exposure to frailty remains ambiguous. Our objective was to investigate the association between phenols, phthalates (PAEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with frailty. We constructed a 48-item frailty index using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The exposure levels of 20 organic contaminants were obtained from the survey circle between 2005 and 2016. The association between individual organic contaminants and the frailty index was assessed using negative binomial regression models. The combined effect of organic contaminants was examined using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Dose-response patterns were modeled using generalized additive models (GAMs). Additionally, an interpretable machine learning approach was employed to develop a predictive model for the frailty index. A total of 1566 participants were included in the analysis. Positive associations were observed between exposure to MIB, P02, ECP, MBP, MHH, MOH, MZP, MC1, and P01 with the frailty index. WQS regression analysis revealed a significant increase in the frailty index with higher levels of the mixture of organic contaminants (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.20; p < 0.001), with MIB, ECP, COP, MBP, P02, and P01 identified as the major contributors. Dose-response relationships were observed between MIB, ECP, MBP, P02, and P01 exposure with an increased risk of frailty (both with p < 0.05). The developed predictive model based on organic contaminants exposure demonstrated high performance, with an R2 of 0.9634 and 0.9611 in the training and testing sets, respectively. Furthermore, the predictive model suggested potential synergistic effects in the MIB-MBP and P01-P02 pairs. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant association between exposure to phthalates and PAHs with an increased susceptibility to frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunru Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Daizai Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530000, China.
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14
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Lee J, Kim WK. Applications of Enteroendocrine Cells (EECs) Hormone: Applicability on Feed Intake and Nutrient Absorption in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2975. [PMID: 37760373 PMCID: PMC10525316 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of hormones derived from enteroendocrine cells (EECs) on appetite and nutrient absorption in chickens. In response to nutrient intake, EECs release hormones that act on many organs and body systems, including the brain, gallbladder, and pancreas. Gut hormones released from EECs play a critical role in the regulation of feed intake and the absorption of nutrients such as glucose, protein, and fat following feed ingestion. We could hypothesize that EECs are essential for the regulation of appetite and nutrient absorption because the malfunction of EECs causes severe diarrhea and digestion problems. The importance of EEC hormones has been recognized, and many studies have been carried out to elucidate their mechanisms for many years in other species. However, there is a lack of research on the regulation of appetite and nutrient absorption by EEC hormones in chickens. This review suggests the potential significance of EEC hormones on growth and health in chickens under stress conditions induced by diseases and high temperature, etc., by providing in-depth knowledge of EEC hormones and mechanisms on how these hormones regulate appetite and nutrient absorption in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Zheng HY, Wang YX, Zhou K, Xie HL, Ren Z, Liu HT, Ou YS, Zhou ZX, Jiang ZS. Biological functions of CRTC2 and its role in metabolism-related diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:495-506. [PMID: 36856929 PMCID: PMC10409973 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator2 (CRTC2 or TORC2) is a transcriptional coactivator of CREB(cAMP response element binding protein), which affects human energy metabolism through cyclic adenosine phosphate pathway, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1), Sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and other substances Current studies on CRTC2 mainly focus on glucose and lipid metabolism, relevant studies show that CRTC2 can participate in the occurrence and development of related diseases by affecting metabolic homeostasis. It has been found that Crtc2 acts as a signaling regulator for cAMP and Ca2 + signaling pathways in many cell types, and phosphorylation at ser171 and ser275 can regulate downstream biological functions by controlling CRTC2 shuttling between cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hai-Lin Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yang-Shao Ou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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16
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Zhu J, Wang H, Yan C, Li B, Chen B. Ultrasound-targeted semaglutide-loaded PEG-nanoliposomes microbubble destruction protects diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19873. [PMID: 37809373 PMCID: PMC10559235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Semaglutide-loaded PEG-nanoliposomes (Sem-PEG-lips) combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in rodents and its potential mechanisms. Methods Sem-PEG-lips were prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method. Fifty STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into DCM model group, Sem or Sem-PEG-lips alone treatment group, UTMD + Sem group and UTMD + Sem-PEG-lips group (n = 10), respectively, and used the healthy rats as normal control. During the 12-week intervention, the weight and blood glucose levels of all rats were recorded. Myocardial injury and fibrosis were observed by using H&E and Masson staining. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression levels of oxidative stress-related signaling pathway markers in myocardial tissues were measured by ELISA and western blotting method, respectively. Results Compared with DCM rats, the body weight and blood glucose levels of those in the UTMD + Sem-PEG-lips group were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (both p < 0.05). The results of H&E and Masson staining showed that myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were both significantly improved in combination group (both p < 0.001). Further results of ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes in ones received combination therapy were significantly higher than that in DCM model group (all p < 0.001), and the expression of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway related proteins were significantly up-regulated (all p < 0.001), and all these changes were reversed by the treatment of PI3K inhibitor. results. Conclusion UTMD combined Sem-PEG-lips can reduce the oxidative stress of myocardial tissue in DCM rats by activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby improving diabetic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Chunyang Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo 315202, Zhejiang province, PR China
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17
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Huo JL, Feng Q, Pan S, Fu WJ, Liu Z, Liu Z. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Early diagnostic biomarkers, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:256. [PMID: 37479697 PMCID: PMC10362058 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly refers to myocardial metabolic dysfunction caused by high glucose, and hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiac function in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. DCM, which is a severe complication of diabetes, has become the leading cause of heart failure in diabetic patients. The initial symptoms are inconspicuous, and patients gradually exhibit left ventricular dysfunction and eventually develop total heart failure, which brings a great challenge to the early diagnosis of DCM. To date, the underlying pathological mechanisms of DCM are complicated and have not been fully elucidated. Although there are therapeutic strategies available for DCM, the treatment is mainly focused on controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, and there is a lack of effective drugs targeting myocardial injury. Thus, a large percentage of patients with DCM inevitably develop heart failure. Given the neglected initial symptoms, the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the lack of available drugs, it is necessary to explore early diagnostic biomarkers, further understand the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DCM, summarize the current therapeutic strategies, and develop new targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Huo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qi Feng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jia Fu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
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Xie R, Fan J, Wen J, Jin K, Zhan J, Yuan S, Tang Y, Nie X, Wen Z, Li H, Chen C, Wang DW. LncRNA ZNF593-AS alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing IRF3 signaling pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:689-703. [PMID: 37215148 PMCID: PMC10199406 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes could directly induce cardiac injury, leading to cardiomyopathy. However, treatment strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy remain limited. ZNF593-AS knockout and cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice were constructed. In addition, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mouse model and db/db mice, another classic diabetic mouse model, were employed. ZNF593-AS was silenced using GapmeR, a modified antisense oligonucleotide, while overexpressed using a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9-mediated gene delivery system. Transcriptome sequencing, RNA pull-down assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were also performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. ZNF593-AS expression was decreased in diabetic hearts. ZNF593-AS attenuated the palmitic acid-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vitro. In HFD-induced diabetic mice, ZNF593-AS deletion aggravated cardiac dysfunction and enhanced cardiac apoptosis and inflammation. In contrast, HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction was improved in ZNF593-AS transgenic mice. Consistently, ZNF593-AS exerted the same cardioprotective effects in db/db mice. Mechanistically, ZNF593-AS directly interacted with the functional domain of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and suppressed fatty acid-induced phosphorylation and activation of IRF3, contributing to the amelioration of cardiac cell death and inflammation. In conclusion, our results identified the protective role of ZNF593-AS in diabetic cardiomyopathy, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianpei Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kunying Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuyan Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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19
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Chen Q, Deng X, Zhang K, Kang Y, Jiao M, Zhang J, Wang C, Li F. Changes to PUFA-PPAR pathway during mesaconitine induced myocardial coagulative necrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113831. [PMID: 37182599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation necrosis is characterized by the denaturation of structural proteins and lysosomal enzymes; its occurrence in myocardium can lead to heart failure. Current studies on myocardial injury primarily focus on inflammation, hypertrophy, and hemorrhage, while those on myocardial coagulation necrosis are still limited. Mesaconitine (MA), a C19 diester diterpenoid alkaloid derived from Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, has strong cardiotoxicity. During this study, the myocardial cells of SD rats showed significant coagulative necrosis after 6 days of oral administration of MA at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day. Investigations of its biological mechanism showed abnormal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors Alpha (PPARα) pathway related protein. Moreover, MA affected the PPARα signaling pathway through interactions with proteins such as POR, TFAM and GPD1, indirectly indicating that these above proteins are important targets for blocking myocardial coagulative necrosis. This study thus discusses the effects of the use of cardiotoxic compound, MA, to initiate myocardial coagulative necrosis and its associated toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xinqi Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yingquan Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Mingjie Jiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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20
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Balogh DB, Wagner LJ, Fekete A. An Overview of the Cardioprotective Effects of Novel Antidiabetic Classes: Focus on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7789. [PMID: 37175496 PMCID: PMC10177821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus (DM), are significant global public health concerns. Despite the widespread use of standard-of-care therapies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death among diabetic patients. Early and evidence-based interventions to reduce CVD are urgently needed. Large clinical trials have recently shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) ameliorate adverse cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 DM. These quite unexpected positive results represent a paradigm shift in type 2 DM management, from the sole importance of glycemic control to the simultaneous improvement of cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, SGLT2i is also found to be cardio- and nephroprotective in non-diabetic patients. Several mechanisms, which may be potentially independent or at least separate from the reduction in blood glucose levels, have already been identified behind the beneficial effect of these drugs. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the exact pathomechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current literature and sheds light on the modes of action of novel antidiabetic drugs, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Bianka Balogh
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület “Momentum” Diabetes Research Group, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Jozsef Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation, and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület “Momentum” Diabetes Research Group, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Xie Z, Wang X, Luo X, Yan J, Zhang J, Sun R, Luo A, Li S. Activated AMPK mitigates diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting hippocampal ferroptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115374. [PMID: 36502872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical interest in Type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated cognitive dysfunction (TDACD) has grown in recent years. However, the precise mechanisms underlying TDACD need to be further elucidated. Ferroptosis was reportedly involved in neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes-related organ injuries; however, its role in TDACD remains elusive. In this study, mice fed with a high-fat-diet combined with streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) were used as a T2D model to assess the role of ferroptosis in cognitive dysfunction. We found that ferroptosis was mainly activated in hippocampal neurons but not in microglia or astrocytes. Accordingly, increased levels of transferrin receptor and decreased levels of ferritin, GPX4, and SLC7A11 were observed in hippocampal neurons. In addition, pre-treatment with liproxstatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, attenuated iron accumulation and oxidative stress response, which resulted in improved cognitive function in the HFD-STZ group. Furthermore, we found that p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was decreased in the HFD-STZ group. Pre-treatment with AMPK agonist increased the expression of AMPK and GPX4, but decreased lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in the hippocampus that resulted in improved spatial learning ability in the HFD-STZ group. Taken together, we found that activation of neuronal ferroptosis in the hippocampus contributed to cognitive impairment of HFD-STZ mice. Furthermore, AMPK activation may reduce hippocampal ferroptosis, and consequently improve cognitive performance in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Fang P, Ye Z, Li R, She D, Zong G, Zhang L, Xue Y, Zhang K. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating microRNA-29b-3p/SLMAP. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:791-806. [PMID: 36936522 PMCID: PMC10019346 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s400249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our aims were to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to explore the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) on DCM. Methods After 12 weeks of treatment with exenatide-loaded microspheres, a long-acting GLP-1RA, in DCM mice, cardiac structure and function were evaluated by plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), echocardiography, H&E, oil red and Sirius staining. The expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in mouse heart tissue was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The label-free proteomic analysis of cardiac proteins was conducted among control, DCM and DM+GLP-1RA groups. Then, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to verify the regulation of target protein by the upstream microRNA (miRNA). Results GLP-1RA treatment obviously improved serum BNP, myocardial fibrosis, lipid deposition of the myocardium and echocardiography parameters in DCM mice. Sarcolemmal membrane-associated protein (SLMAP) was one of 61 differentially expressed cardiac proteins found in three groups by proteomic analysis. Up-regulation of microRNA-29b-3p (miR-29b-3p) and down-regulation of SLMAP were found in the ventricular myocardium of GLP-1RA-treated DCM mice. SLMAP was a target of miR-29b-3p, while GLP-1RA regulated SLMAP expression through miR-29b-3p. Furthermore, inhibition of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in cardiomyocytes reversed the effects of GLP-1RA on miR-29b/SLMAP. Conclusion SLMAP may play roles in the pathogenesis of DCM and may be a target of GLP-1RA in protecting against DCM. After binding to myocardial GLP-1R, GLP-1RA can regulate the expression of myocardial SLMAP through miR-29b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengqin Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dunmin She
- Department of Endocrinology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guannan Zong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Xue; Keqin Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-66111061, Email ;
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People’s Republic of China
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Dhar A, Venkadakrishnan J, Roy U, Vedam S, Lalwani N, Ramos KS, Pandita TK, Bhat A. A comprehensive review of the novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231210170. [PMID: 38069578 PMCID: PMC10710750 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231210170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the myocardium affecting people with diabetes. Treatment of DCM focuses on glucose control, blood pressure management, lipid-lowering, and lifestyle changes. Due to limited therapeutic options, DCM remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, thus emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing research is aimed at understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s) involved in the development and progression of DCM, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. The goal is to develope innovative pharmaceutical therapeutics, offering significant improvements in the clinical management of DCM. Some of these approaches include the effective targeting of impaired insulin signaling, cardiac stiffness, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review focuses on the latest developments in understanding the underlying causes of DCM and the therapeutic landscape of DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Utsa Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sahithi Vedam
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikita Lalwani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT) 184311, India
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Wu Q, Li D, Huang C, Zhang G, Wang Z, Liu J, Yu H, Song B, Zhang N, Li B, Chu X. Glucose control independent mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Zakaria EM, Tawfeek WM, Hassanin MH, Hassaballah MY. Cardiovascular protection by DPP-4 inhibitors in preclinical studies: an updated review of molecular mechanisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1357-1372. [PMID: 35945358 PMCID: PMC9568460 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic medications that cause glucose-dependent increase in incretins in diabetic patients. One of the two incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), beside its insulinotropic activity, has been studied for extra pancreatic effects. Most of DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4i) have been investigated in in vivo and in vitro models of diabetic and nondiabetic cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, hypertension, myocardial ischemia or infarction, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Results of preclinical studies proved prominent therapeutic potential of DPP4i in cardiovascular diseases, regardless the presence of diabetes. This review aims to present an updated summary of the cardiovascular protective and therapeutic effects of DPP4 inhibitors through the past 5 years focusing on the molecular mechanisms beneath these effects. Additionally, based on the results summary presented here, future studies may be conducted to elucidate or illustrate some of these findings which can add clinical benefits towards management of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Walaa M Tawfeek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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26
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Yang F, Luo X, Li J, Lei Y, Zeng F, Huang X, Lan Y, Liu R. Application of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists in fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113236. [PMID: 35691154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can occur in various organs, leading to structural destruction, dysfunction, and even organ failure. Hence, organ fibrosis is being actively researched worldwide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a naturally occurring hormone, binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor widely distributed in the pancreas, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. Synthetic GLP-1 analogs can be used as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for treating diabetes mellitus. In recent years, GLP-1RAs have also been found to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protective effects. GLP-1RAs have also been shown to inhibit fibrosis of solid organs, such as the lung, heart, liver, and kidney. In this review, we discuss the advancements in research on the role of GLP-1RAs in the fibrosis of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and other organs to obtain new clues for treating organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxun Yang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Luo
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunping Lan
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rongan Liu
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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27
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Shin SH, Oh SM, Yoon Park JH, Lee KW, Yang H. OptNCMiner: a deep learning approach for the discovery of natural compounds modulating disease-specific multi-targets. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:218. [PMID: 35672685 PMCID: PMC9175487 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their diverse bioactivity, natural product (NP)s have been developed as commercial products in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic sectors as natural compound (NC)s and in the form of extracts. Following administration, NCs typically interact with multiple target proteins to elicit their effects. Various machine learning models have been developed to predict multi-target modulating NCs with desired physiological effects. However, due to deficiencies with existing chemical-protein interaction datasets, which are mostly single-labeled and limited, the existing models struggle to predict new chemical-protein interactions. New techniques are needed to overcome these limitations. Results We propose a novel NC discovery model called OptNCMiner that offers various advantages. The model is trained via end-to-end learning with a feature extraction step implemented, and it predicts multi-target modulating NCs through multi-label learning. In addition, it offers a few-shot learning approach to predict NC-protein interactions using a small training dataset. OptNCMiner achieved better prediction performance in terms of recall than conventional classification models. It was tested for the prediction of NC-protein interactions using small datasets and for a use case scenario to identify multi-target modulating NCs for type 2 diabetes mellitus complications. Conclusions OptNCMiner identifies NCs that modulate multiple target proteins, which facilitates the discovery and the understanding of biological activity of novel NCs with desirable health benefits.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04752-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Man Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Yang
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts: The Promising Regulators in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2531458. [PMID: 35450404 PMCID: PMC9017569 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2531458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as a serious complication of diabetes, causes structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and eventually progresses to heart failure. Currently, there is no specific treatment for DCM. Studies have proved that mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key factors for the development and progression of DCM. The mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are a unique domain formed by physical contacts between mitochondria and ER and mediate organelle communication. Under high glucose conditions, changes in the distance and composition of MAMs lead to abnormal intracellular signal transduction, which will affect the physiological function of MAMs, such as alter the Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal apoptosis. Therefore, the dysfunction of MAMs is closely related to the pathogenesis of DCM. In this review, we summarized the evidence for the role of MAMs in DCM and described that MAMs participated directly or indirectly in the regulation of the pathophysiological process of DCM via the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Finally, we discussed the clinical transformation prospects and technical limitations of MAMs-associated proteins (such as MFN2, FUNDC1, and GSK3β) as potential therapeutic targets for DCM.
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Winquist RJ, Gribkoff VK. Cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonism. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:213-254. [PMID: 35659373 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are extensively used in type 2 diabetic patients for the effective control of hyperglycemia. It is now clear from outcomes trials that this class of drugs offers important additional benefits to these patients due to reducing the risk of developing major adverse cardiac events (MACE). This risk reduction is, in part, due to effective glycemic control in patients; however, the various outcomes trials, further validated by subsequent meta-analysis of the outcomes trials, suggest that the risk reduction in MACE is also dependent on glycemic-independent mechanisms operant in cardiovascular tissues. These glycemic-independent mechanisms are likely mediated by GLP-1 receptors found throughout the cardiovascular system and by the complex signaling cascades triggered by the binding of agonists to the G-protein coupled receptors. This heterogeneity of signaling pathways underlying different downstream effects of GLP-1 agonists, and the discovery of biased agonists favoring specific signaling pathways, may have import in the future treatment of MACE in these patients. We review the evidence supporting the glycemic-independent evidence for risk reduction of MACE by the GLP-1 receptor agonists and highlight the putative mechanisms underlying these benefits. We also comment on the different signaling pathways which appear important for mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Section on Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; TheraStat LLC, Weston, MA, United States
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30
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Liu Y, Chen L, Wu H, Zhang H. Protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 mediated by ultrasound microbubbles on myocardial injury in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3251-3261. [PMID: 35067162 PMCID: PMC8974087 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2022270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Current study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of UTMD combined with Semaglutide, a GLP-1 R agonist, on DCM in GK rats. After 6-week intervention, all rats were examined by conventional echocardiography, and the indicators of papillary muscle horizontal wall were measured. At the end of experiment, the DCM rats were sacrificed, and then blood samples were taken to detect blood lipids and the activities of oxidative stress-related factors in myocardial tissues. Moreover, the myocardial tissues were also taken to observe histomorphological changes and myocardial fibrosis via H&E and Masson staining, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-γ and NF-κB in myocardial tissues were detected. As a result, the glycometabolism and the cardiac functions of DCM rats received combination therapy of GLP-1 R agonist and UTMD were improved. Significantly increased SOD and GSH-Px as well as significantly decreased MDA levels were also observed in rats of combined group compared with others. In addition, both mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-γ and NF-κB were significantly lower than those of the model control ones and Semaglutide microbubbles alone (all P < 0.001). Further pathological histology analysis demonstrated that combination therapy effectively ameliorated fibrosis and myocardial morphological changes of DCM rats. In summary, UTMD combined with Semaglutide can effectively protect cardiac function in rats with DCM by significantly alleviating myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hebin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Energy metabolism disturbance is one of the early abnormalities in CVDs, such as coronary heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. To explore the role of myocardial energy homeostasis disturbance in CVDs, it is important to understand myocardial metabolism in the normal heart and their function in the complex pathophysiology of CVDs. In this article, we summarized lipid metabolism/lipotoxicity and glucose metabolism/insulin resistance in the heart, focused on the metabolic regulation during neonatal and ageing heart, proposed potential metabolic mechanisms for cardiac regeneration and degeneration. We provided an overview of emerging molecular network among cardiac proliferation, regeneration, and metabolic disturbance. These novel targets promise a new era for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yun WANG
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen CHEN
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Wei DZ, Li D, Zheng DM, An ZN, Xing XJ, Jiang DW, Mei XF, Liu C. Curcumin Conjugated Gold Nanoclusters as Perspective Therapeutics for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Chem 2021; 9:763892. [PMID: 34765588 PMCID: PMC8576376 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.763892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipids in the myocardium contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunctions and various chronic diseases, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Curcumin (Cur) can relieve lipid accumulation problems, but its efficiency is limited by poor water solubility and biocompatibility. Herein, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were used to improve the efficiency of Cur, and the conjugates Curcumin-AuNCs (AuCur) were developed. In the treatment of high-fat-induced myocardial cell damage, we found that AuCur could effectively reduce intracellular lipid accumulation, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the increase of mitochondrial division, and the increase of apoptosis compared with Cur. AuCur decreased the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α subtype (PPARα), and the therapeutic effect of AuCur was canceled when the expression of PPARα was enhanced. For the above reasons, AuCur treated the toxic effect of high lipid on cardiomyocytes by regulating PPARα, providing a new idea and method for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhuo Wei
- Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Public Basic Academy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan-Meng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ni An
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ding-Wen Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xi-Fan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Natural and chemical compounds as protective agents against cardiac lipotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112413. [PMID: 34781144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lipotoxicity results from the deleterious effects of excess lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes. Lipotoxic cardiomyopathy involves cardiac lipid overload leading to changes in myocardial structure and function. Cardiac dysfunction has been associated with cardiac lipotoxicity through abnormal lipid metabolism. Lipid accumulation, especially saturated free fatty acids (SFFAs), in cardiac cells can cause cardiomyocyte distress and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction. Reducing the excess FAs supply or promoting FA storage is beneficial for cardiac function, especially under a lipotoxic condition. The protective effects of several compounds against lipotoxicity progression in the heart have been investigated. A variety of mechanisms has been suggested to prevent or treat cardiac lipotoxicity, including improvement of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Known targets and signaling pathways involving a select group of chemicals that interfere with cardiac lipotoxicity pathogenesis are reviewed.
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34
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Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Mollace V. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072476. [PMID: 34371986 PMCID: PMC8308586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In order to safeguard the structure and the functionality of the myocardium, it is extremely important to adequately support the cardiomyocytes. Two cellular organelles of cardiomyocytes are essential for cell survival and to ensure proper functioning of the myocardium: mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are responsible for the energy metabolism of the myocardium, and regulate the processes that can lead to cell death. The sarcoplasmic reticulum preserves the physiological concentration of the calcium ion, and triggers processes to protect the structural and functional integrity of the proteins. The alterations of these organelles can damage myocardial functioning. A proper nutritional balance regarding the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients leads to a significant improvement in the symptoms and consequences of heart disease. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, small quantities of red meat, and high quantities of olive oil, reduces and improves the pathological condition of patients with heart failure. In addition, nutritional support and nutraceutical supplementation in patients who develop heart failure can contribute to the protection of the failing myocardium. Since polyphenols have numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this review gathers what is known about the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich bergamot fruit on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the role of bergamot polyphenols in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-475-8006
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Wu X, Zhang T, Lyu P, Chen M, Ni G, Cheng H, Xu G, Li X, Wang L, Shang H. Traditional Chinese Medication Qiliqiangxin Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Activating PPARγ. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:698056. [PMID: 34336956 PMCID: PMC8322738 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.698056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the primary complication associated with diabetes mellitus and also is a major cause of death and disability. Limited pharmacological therapies are available for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Qiliqiangxin (QLQX), a Chinese medication, has been proven to be beneficial for heart failure patients. However, the role and the underlying protective mechanisms of QLQX in diabetic cardiomyopathy remain largely unexplored. Methods: Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with glucose (HG, 40 mM) to establish the hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis model in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to establish the diabetic cardiomyopathy model in vivo. Various analyses including qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining] histology (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining), and cardiac function (echocardiography) were performed in these mice. QLQX (0.5 μg/ml in vitro and 0.5 g/kg/day in vivo) was used in this study. Results: QLQX attenuated hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In vivo, QLQX treatment protected mice against STZ-induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodeling. Conclusions: QLQX attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy via activating PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gehui Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guie Xu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Cellular mechanisms and recommended drug-based therapeutic options in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107920. [PMID: 34171330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a specific cardiac phenotype characterized by structural and functional alterations. This so-called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DM CM) is clinically relevant as patients with DM show high incidence of heart failure. Mechanistically, several parameters interact on the cardiomyocyte level leading to increased inflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and altered calcium signaling. This in turn provokes functional myocardial changes that might inter alia play into the worsened clinical outcome in DM patients. Therefore, efficient therapeutic options are urgently needed. This review focuses on mechanistic effects of currently recommended antidiabetic treatment and heart failure therapy for DM CM.
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Zhang X, Fan J, Li H, Chen C, Wang Y. CD36 Signaling in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Aging Dis 2021; 12:826-840. [PMID: 34094645 PMCID: PMC8139204 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), also referred to as scavenger receptor B2, has been shown to serve multiple functions in lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and energy reprogramming. As a scavenger receptor, CD36 interacts with various ligands, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), and fatty acid (FA), thereby activating specific downstream signaling pathways. Cardiac CD36 is mostly expressed on the surface of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. The pathophysiological process of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) encompasses diverse metabolic abnormalities, such as enhanced transfer of cardiac myocyte sarcolemmal FA, increased levels of advanced glycation end-products, elevation in oxidative stress, impaired insulin signaling cascade, disturbance in calcium handling, and microvascular rarefaction which are closely related to CD36 signaling. This review presents a summary of the CD36 signaling pathway that acts mainly as a long-chain FA transporter in cardiac myocytes and functions as a receptor to bind to numerous ligands in endothelial cells. Finally, we summarize the recent basic research and clinical findings regarding CD36 signaling in DCM, suggesting a promising strategy to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ma X, Liu Z, Ilyas I, Little PJ, Kamato D, Sahebka A, Chen Z, Luo S, Zheng X, Weng J, Xu S. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2050-2068. [PMID: 34131405 PMCID: PMC8193264 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. Some anti-diabetic medications are linked with an increased risk of weight gain or hypoglycemia which may reduce the efficacy of the intended anti-hyperglycemic effects of these therapies. The recently developed receptor agonists for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1RAs), stimulate insulin secretion and reduce glycated hemoglobin levels without having side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. In addition, GLP1-RAs demonstrate numerous cardiovascular protective effects in subjects with or without diabetes. There have been several cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) involving GLP-1RAs, which have supported the overall cardiovascular benefits of these drugs. GLP1-RAs lower plasma lipid levels and lower blood pressure (BP), both of which contribute to a reduction of atherosclerosis and reduced CVD. GLP-1R is expressed in multiple cardiovascular cell types such as monocyte/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Recent studies have indicated that the protective properties against endothelial dysfunction, anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and the anti-proliferative action on smooth muscle cells may contribute to atheroprotection through GLP-1R signaling. In the present review, we describe the cardiovascular effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of action of GLP-1RAs in CVOTs, animal models and cultured cells, and address how these findings have transformed our understanding of the pharmacotherapy of T2DM and the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ma
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Zhenghong Liu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebka
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhengfang Chen
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sihui Luo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
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Zhao L, Li Y, Ding Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Ruan XZ. CD36 Senses Dietary Lipids and Regulates Lipids Homeostasis in the Intestine. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669279. [PMID: 33995128 PMCID: PMC8113691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids absorbed in the intestine are closely related to the development of metabolic syndrome. CD36 is a multi-functional scavenger receptor with multiple ligands, which plays important roles in developing hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. In the intestine, CD36 is abundant on the brush border membrane of the enterocytes mainly localized in proximal intestine. This review recapitulates the update and current advances on the importance of intestinal CD36 in sensing dietary lipids and regulating intestinal lipids uptake, synthesis and transport, and regulating intestinal hormones secretion. However, further studies are still needed to demonstrate the complex interactions between intestinal CD36 and dietary lipids, as well as its importance in diet associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuying Ding
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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41
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Antioxidative Potentials of Incretin-Based Medications: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9959320. [PMID: 34007411 PMCID: PMC8099522 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9959320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors are medications used for managing diabetes, mimicking the metabolic effects of incretin hormones. Recent evidence suggests that these medications have antioxidative potentials in the diabetic milieu. The pathophysiology of most diabetic complications involves oxidative stress. Therefore, if incretin-based antidiabetic medications can alleviate the free radicals involved in oxidative stress, they can potentially provide further therapeutic effects against diabetic complications. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these medications protect against oxidative stress are not fully understood. In the current review, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms behind these pharmacologic agents' antioxidative properties.
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Hu W, Jiang S, Liao Y, Li J, Dong F, Guo J, Wang X, Fei L, Cui Y, Ren X, Xu N, Zhao L, Chen L, Zheng Y, Li L, Patzak A, Persson PB, Zheng Z, Lai EY. High phosphate impairs arterial endothelial function through AMPK-related pathways in mouse resistance arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13595. [PMID: 33835704 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In patients with renal disease, high serum phosphate shows a relationship with cardiovascular risk. We speculate that high phosphate (HP) impairs arterial vasodilation via the endothelium and explore potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Isolated vessel relaxation, endothelial function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), oxidative stress status and protein expression were assessed in HP diet mice. Mitochondrial function and protein expression were assessed in HP-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS High phosphate (1.3%) diet for 12 weeks impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries, kidney interlobar arteries and afferent arterioles; reduced GFR and the blood pressure responses to acute administration of acetylcholine. The PPARα/LKB1/AMPK/eNOS pathway was attenuated in the endothelium of mesenteric arteries from HP diet mice. The observed vasodilatory impairment of mesenteric arteries was ameliorated by PPARα agonist WY-14643. The phosphate transporter PiT-1 knockdown prevented HP-mediated suppression of eNOS activity by impeding phosphorus influx in HUVECs. Endothelium cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in HP diet mice. Moreover HP decreased the expression of mitochondrial-related antioxidant genes. Finally, mitochondrial membrane potential and PGC-1α expression were reduced by HP treatment in HUVECs, which was partly restored by AMPKα agonist. CONCLUSIONS HP impairs endothelial function by reducing NO bioavailability via decreasing eNOS activity and increasing mitochondrial ROS, in which the AMPK-related signalling pathways may play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Hu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yixin Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqiu Ren
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Limeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Nephrology Ningxia people’s hospital Yinchuan China
| | - Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Georgetown University Washington DC USA
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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Abstract
Diabetic heart disease is a growing and important public health risk. Apart from the risk of coronary artery disease or hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for heart failure in the form of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DiaCM). Currently, DiaCM is defined as myocardial dysfunction in patients with DM in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. The underlying pathomechanism of DiaCM is partially understood, but accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic derangements, oxidative stress, increased myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, inflammation, enhanced apoptosis, impaired intracellular calcium handling, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulation of microRNAs, among other factors, are involved. Numerous animal models have been used to investigate the pathomechanisms of DiaCM. Despite some limitations, animal models for DiaCM have greatly advanced our understanding of pathomechanisms and have helped in the development of successful disease management strategies. In this review, we summarize the current pathomechanisms of DiaCM and provide animal models for DiaCM according to its pathomechanisms, which may contribute to broadening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitating the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
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Li J, Zhang P, Xia Y. Study on <em>CCDC69</em> interfering with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer through PPAR signal pathway. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3207. [PMID: 33634680 PMCID: PMC7922363 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 69 (CCDC69) is a novel gene and limited knowledge in known in breast cancer. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between CCDC69 and breast cancer, demonstrate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of CCDC69 in breast cancer, and analyze the possible mechanism of CCDC69 affecting the prognosis of breast cancer. First, from GEO database, TIMER, GEPIA, and OncoLnc, we select CCDC69 as the potential gene which closely involved in breast cancer progression. Next, by real-time PCR detection, the expression of CCDC69 in breast cancer tissue was notably lower than that in normal breast tissues (p=0.0002). In addition, our immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicated that the positive expression rate of CCDC69 in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was lower than that in the non-TNBC (p=0.0362), and it was negatively correlated with the expression of Ki67 (p=0.001). Further enrichment analysis of CCDC69 and the similar genes performed on FunRich3.1.3 revealed that these genes were significantly associated with fat differentiation, and most of them were related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signal pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that CCDC69 is down regulated in breast cancer tissue especially in TNBC which has higher malignant grade and poorer clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Li
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Burn Surgery, The People's Hospital of Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan City, Yunnan.
| | - Panshi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
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Wang L, Cai Y, Jian L, Cheung CW, Zhang L, Xia Z. Impact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:2. [PMID: 33397369 PMCID: PMC7783984 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiomyopathy is higher in diabetic patients than those without diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a clinical condition of abnormal myocardial structure and performance in diabetic patients without other cardiac risk factors, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and significant valvular disease. Multiple molecular events contribute to the development of DCM, which include the alterations in energy metabolism (fatty acid, glucose, ketone and branched chain amino acids) and the abnormalities of subcellular components in the heart, such as impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress, calcium mishandling and inflammation. There are no specific drugs in treating DCM despite of decades of basic and clinical investigations. This is, in part, due to the lack of our understanding as to how heart failure initiates and develops, especially in diabetic patients without an underlying ischemic cause. Some of the traditional anti-diabetic or lipid-lowering agents aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose have been shown inadequately targeting multiple aspects of the conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a transcription factor, plays an important role in mediating DCM-related molecular events. Pharmacological targeting of PPARα activation has been demonstrated to be one of the important strategies for patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of PPARα in association with the underlying pathophysiological changes in DCM. We discuss the PPARα-related drugs in clinical applications and facts related to the drugs that may be considered as risky (such as fenofibrate, bezafibrate, clofibrate) or safe (pemafibrate, metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists) or having the potential (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor) in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liguo Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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ALTamimi JZ, BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, El-kott AF, AL-Farga AM. Fisetin protects against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by suppressing fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting protein kinase R. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:27-42. [PMID: 33603537 PMCID: PMC7873759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined if the Fisetin against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) in rats involves regulating cardiac metabolism and suppressing protein kinase R (PKR). Male rats were divided (12/groups) as control (non-diabetic), control + Fisetin, T1DM, and T1DM + Fisetin. Fisetin was administered orally at a final dose of 2.5 mg/kg for 12 weeks. In T1DM1-induced rats, Fisetin prevented heart and final body weights loss, lowered circulatory levels troponin I and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), increased fasting insulin levels, and improved ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. It also preserved the structure of the cardiomyocytes and reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis, protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagenase 1A, caspase-3, and the activation of JNK, p53, and p38 MAPK. In the control and diabetic rats, Fisetin attenuated fasting hyperglycaemia, the increases in glucose levels after the oral and insulin tolerance tests, and HOMA-IR. It also increased cardiac glucose oxidation by increasing the activity of private dehydrogenase (PDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), protein levels of PPAR-α and suppressed cardiac inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB. These effects were associated with a reduction in the activity of PKR and subsequent increase in the activity of eeukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) with a parallel increase in protein levels of p67, a cellular inhibitor of PKR. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Fisetin, prevented high glucose (HG)-induced activation of PKR and reduction in p67, in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of Fisetin on PKR was diminished in LG and HG-treated cardiomyocytes with p67-siRNA. In conclusion, Fisetin protects against DC in rats by improving cardiac glucose metabolism and suppressing PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F. El-kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar M. AL-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Hao Y. Beneficial Effects of Echinacoside on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Db/Db Mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5575-5587. [PMID: 33376302 PMCID: PMC7755380 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s276972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of echinacoside (ECH) from cistanche tubulosa extract in cardiomyocytes of db/db diabetic mice. Methods Twenty healthy male db/db mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into db/db+ECH (n=10, ECH, 300 mg/(kg/d)), db/db (n=10, saline), and db/m control groups (n=9). Mice were monitored weekly for diet and activity. Mice were injected with 2% of pentobarbital sodium in week 10 and executed. Weight and free blood glucose (FBG) were measured weekly. Echocardiographs were used to detect cardiac function. HE staining, Sudan II staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and Tunel assays were used to evaluate myocardial tissue pathological changes, collagen fiber deposition, lipid accumulation and apoptosis rates in cardiomyocytes, respectively. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of components of the PPAR-α/M-CPT-1 and p53/p38MAPK signaling axis. Results Compared to db/db mice, ECH groups showed lower blood glucose and lipid levels. Deterioration in cardiac function was also delayed following ECH treatment. Histopathological analysis showed that ECH significantly improved myocardial tissue in db/db mice, including reduced intercellular spaces, regular arrangements, improved extracellular matrix deposition, and reduced lipid accumulation. ECH also significantly reduced oxidative stress levels in myocardial tissue in db/db mice. Moreover, ECH inhibited PPAR-α/M-CPT-1 signaling, downregulated CD36, and upregulated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) expression in db/db mouse models of DCM. ECH also inhibited p53/p38MAPK signaling, downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-8, and upregulated Bcl-2/Bax in db/db mouse models of DCM. Conclusion ECH displays protective effects in DCM, including the inhibition of cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress, and improved lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. ECH also inhibits cardiac apoptosis through its regulation of p53/p38MAPK signaling, and prevents lipid accumulation through suppression of the PPAR-α/M-CPT-1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Gopal K, Chahade JJ, Kim R, Ussher JR. The Impact of Antidiabetic Therapies on Diastolic Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:603247. [PMID: 33364978 PMCID: PMC7750477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.603247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than previously recognized, while often being characterized by diastolic dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction. This likely contributes to why heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is enriched in people with T2DM vs. heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Due to revised mandates from major health regulatory agencies, all therapies being developed for the treatment of T2DM must now undergo rigorous assessment of their cardiovascular risk profiles prior to approval. As such, we now have data from tens of thousands of subjects with T2DM demonstrating the impact of major therapies including the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes. Evidence to date suggests that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists improve cardiovascular outcomes, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors appear to be cardiovascular neutral, though evidence is lacking to determine the overall utility of these therapies on diastolic dysfunction or diabetic cardiomyopathy in subjects with T2DM. We herein will review the overall impact SLGT2 inhibitors, GLP-1R agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors have on major parameters of diastolic function, while also highlighting the potential mechanisms of action responsible. A more complete understanding of how these therapies influence diastolic dysfunction will undoubtedly play a major role in how we manage cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jadin J Chahade
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ryekjang Kim
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Li L, Chen X, Su C, Wang Q, Li R, Jiao W, Luo H, Tian Y, Tang J, Li X, Liu B, Wang W, Zhang D, Guo S. Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction preserves cardiac function and regulates GLC/AMPK/NF-κB and GLC/PPARα/PGC-1α pathways in diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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50
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Łukawska-Tatarczuk M, Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska B, Franek E, Czupryniak L. Molecular pathogenesis of heart failure in diabetes
mellitus – new direction for the therapeutic approach. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As it has been proven, cardiovascular diseases are several times more common in diabetic
patients than in the general population. Despite many studies and hypotheses, is still not
explained why this happens. Considering the frequent coexistence of cardiovascular risk
factors with diabetes, the identification of diabetic cardiomyopathy as an independent
complication is controversial, and diagnosis in clinical practice is rare. Nevertheless, the
presence of diabetes significantly worsens the course and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases,
and a better understanding of the diabetic component in the development of heart
failure seems essential in the search for an effective therapy. The pathogenetic factors of
the development of heart failure in diabetes include: metabolic disorders related to hyperglycaemia,
lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, immune system dysfunction,
genetic predisposition and epigenetic disorders. The clinical pictures of diabetic cardiomyopathy
vary depending on the type of diabetes, and dysfunction includes not only the cells of the myocardium, as well as stromal cells, endothelial and nervous system cells.
The long-term and asymptomatic course of this complication and its progressive nature
shortening the lives of diabetic patients prompt the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic
methods. A better understanding of the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction
in diabetes appears essential in the search. Stopping the “cascade” of pathways responsible
for activation of inflammation, fibrosis or apoptosis in individual organs could effectively
prevent the development of diabetic complications. The paper presents existing
pathogenetic concepts and their therapeutic implications, which may be used in the prevention
of cardiovascular complications in diabetes and allow individualization of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward Franek
- Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii, CSK MSWiA, Warszawa
| | - Leszek Czupryniak
- Klinika Diabetologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
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