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Watts AL, Doss MI, Bernard DL, Sher KJ. Psychopathology as dynamic markers of alcohol initiation across development: A three-year longitudinal examination. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:919-928. [PMID: 36939078 PMCID: PMC10509330 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Sipping, an early form of alcohol initiation, is associated with aspects of psychopathology and personality that reflect long-term risk for harmful alcohol use. In the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development cohort (N = 11,872), sipping by age 9-10 was concurrently associated with impulsivity, other aspects of externalizing, and prodromal schizophrenia symptoms. Still, these associations were cross-sectional in nature, leaving open the possibility that these features of psychopathology and personality might not reflect long-term risk for alcohol consumption and related harm across development. Here, we attempted to replicate baseline concurrent associations across three waves of data to extend concurrent associations to prospective ones. Most cross-sectional associations replicated across waves, such that impulsivity, other aspects of externalizing, reward sensitivity (e.g., surgency, sensation seeking), and prodromal schizophrenia symptoms were associated with increased odds of having sipped alcohol by the age of 12. Nevertheless, not all concurrent associations replicated prospectively; impulsigenic features did not reflect long-term risk for sipping. Thus, some psychopathology features appeared to reflect stable risk factors, whereas others appeared to reflect state-dependent risk factors. All told, sipping might not reflect long-term risk for harmful alcohol use, and the nature of sipping may change across development.
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Nagata JM, Sajjad OM, Smith N, Zamora G, Dhama S, Al-shoaibi AA, Ganson KT, Testa A, Moreno MA, Kiss O, Baker FC, Jackson DB. Social Media Use and Alcohol Sipping in Early Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:971-976. [PMID: 38336620 PMCID: PMC11104428 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media can influence alcohol initiation behaviors such as sipping, which can lead to future adverse alcohol-related outcomes. Few studies have examined the role of problematic social media use, characterized by addiction, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse, especially in early adolescence. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective association between social media use and sipping alcohol in a nationwide sample of early adolescents, and the extent to which problematic social media use mediates the association. METHODS We analyzed prospective data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 7514; ages 9-10 years at baseline; 2016-2018) to estimate associations between social media time (Year 1) and alcohol sipping (Year 3) using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for confounders and testing problematic social media use (Year 2) as a mediator. RESULTS Social media time (Year 1) was prospectively associated with 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.20-1.43) times higher risk of new-onset sipping (Year 3). The association between social media time and new-onset alcohol sipping was partially mediated by problematic social media use at Year 2 (25.0% reduction in the association between the former two factors after adding problematic social media use, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Time spent on social media was associated with a higher risk of alcohol sipping in a diverse national sample of early adolescents, and the association was partially mediated by problematic social media use. Media literacy education and family media use plans could advise early adolescents about exposure to alcohol content on social media and warning signs for problematic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Omar M. Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Natalia Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sanya Dhama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan A. Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Harris JC, Liuzzi MT, Malames BA, Larson CL, Lisdahl KM. Differences in parent and youth perceived neighborhood threat on nucleus accumbens-frontoparietal network resting state connectivity and alcohol sipping in children enrolled in the ABCD study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1237163. [PMID: 37928910 PMCID: PMC10622767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence has shown neighborhood threat (NT) as a social driver of emotional and brain development. Few studies have examined the relationship between NT and neural function. Altered functional connectivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) with the frontoparietal network (FPN) has been implicated in the development of substance use, however, little is known about perceived NT-related brain function or downstream alcohol sipping during early adolescence. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between youth and combined youth/parent perceived NT, resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the NAcc-FPN, and alcohol sipping behavior during late childhood and preadolescence. Methods This study used data (N = 7,744) from baseline to 2-year follow-up (FU) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD; Release 4.0). Relationships between youth and combined youth/parent perceive NT, alcohol sipping (baseline to two-year FU), and NAcc-FPN (left/right) connectivity, adjusting for demographics, family/peer history of alcohol use, parental monitoring and warmth, externalizing symptoms, and site, were examined in a mediation model via PROCESS in R. Results Greater youth-reported NT at baseline was significantly associated with lower RSFC between the right (but not left) NAcc-FPN holding covariates constant (R2 = 0.01, B = -0.0019 (unstandardized), F (12, 7,731) = 8.649, p = 0.0087) and increased odds of alcohol sipping at baseline up to the two-year FU (direct effect = 0.0731, 95% CI = 0.0196, 0.1267). RSFC between the right NAcc-FPN did not significantly predict alcohol sipping at the two-year FU (b = -0.0213, SE = 0.42349, p = 0.9599; 95% CI = -0.8086, 0.8512). No significant relationships were observed for combined youth/parent report predicting alcohol sipping or NAcc-FPN connectivity. Conclusion Findings suggest notable reporting differences in NT. Combined youth/parent report did not reveal significant findings; youth perceived NT was related to increased likelihood of alcohol sipping and lower neural connectivity between the right NAcc-FPN during late childhood and early adolescence. NT context - and source of reporting - may be crucial in examining links with downstream neuronal function and health behaviors. Future research should investigate reward processing and threat as the cohort ages into later adolescence.
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May AC, Jacobus J, Simmons AN, Tapert SF. A prospective investigation of youth alcohol experimentation and reward responsivity in the ABCD study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:886848. [PMID: 36003980 PMCID: PMC9393480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.886848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Greater risk-taking behaviors, such as alcohol experimentation, are associated with different patterns of brain functioning in regions implicated in reward (nucleus accumbens, NA) and cognitive control (inferior frontal gyrus, IFG). These neural features have been observed in youth with greater risk-taking tendencies prior to substance use initiation, suggesting NA-IFG disruption may serve as an early marker for subsequent substance use disorders. Prospective studies are needed to determine if NA-IFG neural disruption predicts future substance use in school-age children, including those with minimal use of alcohol (e.g., sipping). The present large-sample prospective study sought to use machine learning to: (1) examine alcohol sipping at ages 9, 10 as a potential behavioral indicator of concurrent underlying altered neural responsivity to reward, and (2) determine if alcohol sipping and NA-IFG activation at ages 9, 10 can be used to predict which youth reported increased alcohol use at ages 11, 12. Additionally, low-level alcohol use and brain functioning at ages 9, 10 were examined as predictors of substance use and brain functioning at ages 11, 12. Design and methods This project used data from the baseline (Time 1) and two-year follow-up (Time 2) assessments of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (Release 3.0). Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning determined if: (1) NA-IFG neural activity could correctly identify youth who reported alcohol sipping at Time 1 (n = 7409, mean age = 119.34 months, SD = 7.53; 50.27% female), and (2) NA-IFG and alcohol sipping frequency at Time 1 could correctly identify youth who reported drinking alcohol at Time 2 (n = 4000, mean age = 143.25 months, SD = 7.63; 47.53% female). Linear regression was also used to examine the relationship between alcohol sipping and NA-IFG activity at Time 1 and substance use and NA-IFG activity at Time 2. Data were also examined to characterize the environmental context in which youth first tried sips of alcohol (e.g., with or without parental permission, as part of a religious experience). Results Approximately 24% of the sample reported having tried sips of alcohol by ages 9, 10. On average, youth reported trying sips of alcohol 4.87 times (SD = 23.19) with age of first sip occurring at 7.36 years old (SD = 1.91). The first SVM model classified youth according to alcohol sipping status at Time 1 no better than chance with an accuracy of 0.35 (balanced accuracy = 0.52, sensitivity = 0.24, specificity = 0.80). The second SVM model classified youth according to alcohol drinking status at Time 2 with an accuracy of 0.76 (balanced accuracy = 0.56, sensitivity = 0.21, specificity = 0.91). Linear regression demonstrated that frequency of alcohol sipping at Time 1 predicted frequency of alcohol use at Time 2 (p < 0.001, adjusted R 2 = 0.075). Alcohol sipping at Time 1 was not linearly associated with NA or IFG activity at Time 2 (all ps > 0.05), and NA activity at Time 1 and Time 2 were not related (all ps > 0.05). Activity in the three subsections of the IFG at Time 1 predicted activity in those same regions at Time 2 (all ps < 0.02). Conclusions and implications Early sips of alcohol appear to predict alcohol use in early adolescence. Findings do not provide strong evidence for minimal early alcohol use (sipping) as a behavioral marker of underlying alterations in NA-IFG neural responsivity to reward. Improving our understanding of the neural and behavioral factors that indicate a greater propensity for future substance use is crucial for identifying at-risk youth and potential targets for preventative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C. May
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alan N. Simmons
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Watts AL, Megahan JF, Conlin WE, Doss MI, Sher KJ. Sociodemographic differences in youth alcohol sipping's nomological network. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:589-599. [PMID: 35147993 PMCID: PMC9018500 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has established that certain features of personality (e.g., impulsivity), psychopathology (e.g., impulsivity, mood disorder, thought disorder), and contextual factors (e.g., parenting, parental alcohol use) are associated with an increased likelihood of having sipped alcohol in youth, and substance involvement and problems in adolescence and adulthood. What is less clear from the existing literature is whether well-established risk factors of substance use are consistent across sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, religious affiliation, income, parental education). METHODS We used a large, community sample of 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 11,872; 53% female) to examine whether various sociodemographic characteristics moderate the associations between sipping behavior and its various well-established correlates (e.g., impulsivity, behavioral inhibition and activation, psychopathology, parenting, and family conflict). RESULTS There were small mean level differences in sipping across sociodemographic characteristics. Across sociodemographic characteristics, however, sipping was fairly uniformly associated with youth-reported impulsivity, behavioral activation, prodromal psychosis symptoms, mood and externalizing disorder diagnoses, family environment, and parental alcohol consumption indices. Effects were sometimes slightly more pronounced among groups for which alcohol consumption is relatively nonnormative: Sipping among female youth was slightly more associated with thought disorder psychopathology than among male youth (D = 0.07), and was slightly more associated with some aspects of psychopathology and impulsivity for Black youth than White and Hispanic youth (Ds were 0.07 and 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Broadly, our findings suggest that the psychosocial correlates of precocious alcohol use are relatively consistent across sociodemographic factors.
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Enlow PT, Williford DN, Romm KF, Dino GA, Blank MD, Murray PJ, Banvard CA, Duncan CL. Predicting Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Differences by Never, Ever, and Current Users. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1-11. [PMID: 34524431 PMCID: PMC9125499 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rising rates of adolescent electronic cigarette (ECIG) use is concerning because it can lead to adverse health outcomes and increased risk behavior. There are known predictors of ever versus never ECIG use, but less are known about risk factors for ever versus current use of ECIGs. Problem behavior theory (PBT) was used to evaluate possible risk factors for different ECIG use status. METHODS Participants were 573 high school students who completed questionnaires measuring ECIG use, as well as constructs within the Social Environment, Perceived Environment, Personality, and Behavior domains of PBT. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate how predictor variables differentiated between participants who reported (a) never use, (b) ever ECIG use, or (c) current ECIG use. RESULTS Adolescents were more likely to endorse ever ECIG use than never use if they reported peer ECIG use, perceived more benefits and fewer costs (e.g., health) of ECIG use, higher extraversion, alcohol and cigarette use (never vs. ever vs. past 30 days), or attended a school with a higher percentage of socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Adolescents were more likely to report current ECIG use than ever ECIG use if they perceived fewer costs of ECIG use or used cannabis in their lifetime (yes/no). CONCLUSIONS PBT variables differentiated between ever ECIG use and never ECIG use. However, these variables did not differentiate between ever and current ECIG use. Identifying unique risk factors for current versus ever ECIG use is important to understanding persistent ECIG use and subsequent targeted prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Katelyn F Romm
- Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Geri A Dino
- WV Prevention and Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, WVU School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Melissa D Blank
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- WV Prevention and Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, WVU School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Pamela J Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christine A Banvard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Bulimwengu AS, Cartmel J. The tween years: A systematic literature review for services for children aged 10-13 years. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08822. [PMID: 35128107 PMCID: PMC8810366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Lisdahl KM, Tapert S, Sher KJ, Gonzalez R, Nixon SJ, Feldstein Ewing SW, Conway KP, Wallace A, Sullivan R, Hatcher K, Kaiver C, Thompson W, Reuter C, Bartsch H, Wade NE, Jacobus J, Albaugh MD, Allgaier N, Anokhin AP, Bagot K, Baker FC, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Brown SA, Calhoun V, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak C, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick A, Do EK, Dosenbach NUF, Dowling GJ, Fair DA, Florsheim P, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Friedman NP, Garavan HP, Gee DG, Glantz MD, Glaser P, Gonzalez MR, Gray KM, Grant S, Haist F, Hawes S, Heeringa SG, Hermosillo R, Herting MM, Hettema JM, Hewitt JK, Heyser C, Hoffman EA, Howlett KD, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Iacono WG, Isaiah A, Ivanova MY, James RS, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Kuperman JM, Laird AR, Larson CL, LeBlanc KH, Lopez MF, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade E, Morris AS, Mulford C, Nagel BJ, Neigh G, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Pecheva D, Prouty D, Potter A, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Ross JM, Sanchez M, Schirda C, Schulenberg J, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Sowell ER, Speer N, Squeglia L, Sripada C, Steinberg J, Sutherland MT, Tomko R, Uban K, Vrieze S, Weiss SRB, Wing D, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108946. [PMID: 34392051 PMCID: PMC8833837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development ™ Study (ABCD Study®) is an open-science, multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study following over 11,800 9- and 10-year-old youth into early adulthood. The ABCD Study aims to prospectively examine the impact of substance use (SU) on neurocognitive and health outcomes. Although SU initiation typically occurs during teen years, relatively little is known about patterns of SU in children younger than 12. METHODS This study aims to report the detailed ABCD Study® SU patterns at baseline (n = 11,875) in order to inform the greater scientific community about cohort's early SU. Along with a detailed description of SU, we ran mixed effects regression models to examine the association between early caffeine and alcohol sipping with demographic factors, externalizing symptoms and parental history of alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). PRIMARY RESULTS At baseline, the majority of youth had used caffeine (67.6 %) and 22.5 % reported sipping alcohol (22.5 %). There was little to no reported use of other drug categories (0.2 % full alcohol drink, 0.7 % used nicotine, <0.1 % used any other drug of abuse). Analyses revealed that total caffeine use and early alcohol sipping were associated with demographic variables (p's<.05), externalizing symptoms (caffeine p = 0002; sipping p = .0003), and parental history of AUD (sipping p = .03). CONCLUSIONS ABCD Study participants aged 9-10 years old reported caffeine use and alcohol sipping experimentation, but very rare other SU. Variables linked with early childhood alcohol sipping and caffeine use should be examined as contributing factors in future longitudinal analyses examining escalating trajectories of SU in the ABCD Study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Susan Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Raul Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Kevin P Conway
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alex Wallace
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kelah Hatcher
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Wes Thompson
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chase Reuter
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - M D Albaugh
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - N Allgaier
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - A P Anokhin
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - K Bagot
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - F C Baker
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - M T Banich
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - D M Barch
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - F J Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - S A Brown
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - V Calhoun
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - B J Casey
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - B Chaarani
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - L Chang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - D B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - C Cloak
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - L B Cottler
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - R K Dagher
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Dapretto
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - A Dick
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - E K Do
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - G J Dowling
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D A Fair
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - P Florsheim
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - J J Foxe
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - E G Freedman
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - N P Friedman
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - H P Garavan
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - D G Gee
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M D Glantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - P Glaser
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - M R Gonzalez
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - K M Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - S Grant
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - F Haist
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - S Hawes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - S G Heeringa
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - R Hermosillo
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - M M Herting
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J M Hettema
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - J K Hewitt
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - C Heyser
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - E A Hoffman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K D Howlett
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R S Huber
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M A Huestis
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - L W Hyde
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - A Isaiah
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - R S James
- American Psychistric Association, United States
| | - T L Jernigan
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - N R Karcher
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - J M Kuperman
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - A R Laird
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C L Larson
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - K H LeBlanc
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M F Lopez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Luciana
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - B Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - H H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A T Marshall
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M J Mason
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - E McGlade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - A S Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - C Mulford
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - B J Nagel
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - G Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - C E Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - M P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - D Pecheva
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - D Prouty
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - A Potter
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - L I Puttler
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - N Rajapakse
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J M Ross
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Sanchez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C Schirda
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - J Schulenberg
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Sheth
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - P D Shilling
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - E R Sowell
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - N Speer
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - L Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C Sripada
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Steinberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - M T Sutherland
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - R Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - K Uban
- University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - S Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - S R B Weiss
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D Wing
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - R A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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9
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Watts AL, Wood PK, Jackson KM, Lisdahl KM, Heitzeg MM, Gonzalez R, Tapert SF, Barch DM, Sher KJ. Incipient alcohol use in childhood: Early alcohol sipping and its relations with psychopathology and personality. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1338-1350. [PMID: 32522303 PMCID: PMC7814694 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that sipping of alcohol begins to emerge during childhood and is potentially etiologically significant for later substance use problems. Using a large, community sample of 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 11,872; 53% female), we examined individual differences in precocious alcohol use in the form of alcohol sipping. We focused explicitly on features that are robust and well-demonstrated correlates of, and antecedents to, alcohol excess and related problems later in the lifespan, including youth- and parent-reported externalizing traits (i.e., impulsivity, behavioral inhibition and activation) and psychopathology. Seventeen percent of the sample reported sipping alcohol outside of a religiously sanctioned activity by age 9 or 10. Several aspects of psychopathology and personality emerged as small but reliable correlates of sipping. Nonreligious sipping was related to youth-reported impulsigenic traits, aspects of behavioral activation, prodromal psychotic-like symptoms, and mood disorder diagnoses, as well as parent-reported externalizing disorder diagnoses. Religious sipping was unexpectedly associated with certain aspects of impulsivity. Together, our findings point to the potential importance of impulsivity and other transdiagnostic indicators of psychopathology (e.g., emotion dysregulation, novelty seeking) in the earliest forms of drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Watts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, USA
| | - Phillip K. Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, USA
| | | | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, USA
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10
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Walters GD. Parental Gambling as a Moderator of the Child Delinquency-Gambling Relationship: Does Having a Role Model in the Home Make a Difference? J Gambl Stud 2021; 37:27-41. [PMID: 32656746 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-020-09962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between delinquency and gambling has drawn significant attention from researchers in the behavioral and social sciences, yet there are aspects of this relationship that remain largely unexplored. The role of "third variables" in moderating the connection between child delinquency and gambling involvement is one such aspect. Accordingly, the current study set out to examine the impact of parent gambling involvement on the child delinquency-gambling relationship in a sample of 3089 adolescents (1576 males, 1513 females) from Cohort K of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC-K). Using cross-sectional data from Wave 7 of the LSAC, the current study tested the possibility that gambling involvement in parents may moderate the relationship between delinquency and gambling in their offspring. Results obtained from a regression analysis revealed that the link between delinquency, conceptualized as an early marker of general deviance, and gambling variety, as measured across ten different forms of wagering (e.g., Casino gambling, sports betting, horse and dog racing, scratch tickets), changed as a function of parental involvement in these same ten behaviors. In seeking clarity on this relationship, it was noted that the association between child delinquency and gambling involvement grew in proportion to the strength of parental involvement in gaming activities. Hence, having a gambling role model in the home may increase opportunities and incentive for gambling in children predisposed to antisocial behavior or general deviance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA, 19530-0730, USA.
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11
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Murphy MA, Dufour SC, Gray JC. The association between child alcohol sipping and alcohol expectancies in the ABCD study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108624. [PMID: 33676072 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underage drinking is a serious societal concern, yet relatively little is known about child sipping of alcohol and its relation to beliefs about alcohol. The current study aimed to (1) examine the contexts in which the first sip of alcohol occurs (e.g., type of alcohol, who provided sip, sip offered or taken without permission); (2) examine the association between sipping and alcohol expectancies; and (3) explore how different contexts of sipping are related to alcohol expectancies. We expected to find that children who had sipped alcohol would have increased positive expectancies and reduced negative expectancies compared to children who had never sipped alcohol. METHODS Data were derived from the 2.0 release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a longitudinal study of children in the United States. We utilized data from 4,842 children ages 9-11; 52% were male, 60% were White, 19% were Hispanic/Latinx, and 9% were Black/African American. RESULTS We found that 22% of the sample had sipped alcohol. Children reported sipping beer most frequently, and the drink most often belonged to the child's father. We found that children who had sipped had higher positive alcohol expectancies than children who had not while accounting for variables related to alcohol expectancies. Child sipping was not significantly associated with negative expectancies and the context of the first sip of alcohol was not significantly associated with positive and negative expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Providing sips of alcohol to children is associated with them having more favorable expectations about drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikela A Murphy
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
| | - Steven C Dufour
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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12
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Soledad Fernández M, Edward Nizhnikov M, García Virgolini R, Marcos Pautassi R. Prediction of ethanol self-administration in pre-weanling, adolescent, and young adult rats. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:378-384. [PMID: 33629398 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) use is almost normative by late adolescence, in most western countries. It is important to identify factors that distinguish those who progress from alcohol initiation to sustained use of the drug, from those that keep a controlled pattern of drinking. The factors precipitating this transition may change across development. This study analyzed associations between behavioral endophenotypes and ethanol intake at three developmental periods. Exp. 1 measured ethanol drinking at postnatal day 18, via an intraoral infusion procedure, in male or female pre-weanling rats screened for anxiety response in the light-dark box test and for distance traveled in a novel open field. Exp. 2 measured, in juvenile/adolescent or young adult rats, the association between shelter seeking, exploratory/risk-taking behaviors, anxiety or hedonic responses, and ethanol intake. Ethanol intake in pre-weanlings was explained by distance traveled in a novel environment, whereas anxiety responses, measured in the multivariate concentric square field apparatus (MSCF), selectively predicted ethanol intake at adolescence, but not at adulthood. Those juvenile/adolescents with lower mean duration of visit to areas of the MSCF that evoke anxiogenic responses exhibited heightened ethanol intake. These findings suggest that the association between anxiety and ethanol intake may be specifically relevant during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Rodrigo García Virgolini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Lee CK, Corte C, Stein KF, Feng JY, Liao LL. Alcohol-related cognitive mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol use and alcohol problems: Outcome expectancy, self-schema, and self-efficacy. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106349. [PMID: 32078890 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to empirically test a theoretical model to determine the cognitive mechanisms that are associated with adolescent alcohol use and alcohol problems. We posited that alcohol outcome expectancies would affect alcohol-refusal self-efficacy through the drinker self-schema. We also posited that alcohol outcome expectancies and the drinker self-schema would affect alcohol use and problems through alcohol-refusal self-efficacy. METHODS A survey was administered to 225 adolescents in a public junior high school in Taiwan at two-time points, six months apart. Path analysis was used to determine the mechanisms underlying the alcohol-related cognitive constructs on the alcohol use and alcohol problems separately, controlling for appropriate alcohol-related personal and environmental factors. Indirect effects were estimated using the bootstrapping method. RESULTS Higher positive alcohol outcome expectancies and lower negative alcohol outcome expectancies predicted higher drinker self-schema scores. Higher positive alcohol outcome expectancies and drinker self-schema scores predicted lower alcohol-refusal self-efficacy. Lower alcohol-refusal self-efficacy was associated with a history of drinking and alcohol problems in the past six months. Effects of alcohol outcome expectancies on alcohol use and alcohol problems were partially mediated through the drinker self-schema and alcohol-refusal self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the proposed theoretical cognitive mechanisms underlying alcohol use and alcohol problems in a sample of Taiwanese adolescents. Given that alcohol-related cognitive constructs are modifiable, the findings also provide a foundation to suggest that interventions to reduce positive alcohol outcome expectations and prevent the formation of a drinker self-schema may facilitate alcohol-refusal self-efficacy and mitigate drinking behaviors in this adolescent population.
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14
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Positive findings of ethyl glucuronide in hair of young children from families with addiction background. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:523-532. [PMID: 31965236 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Small children are expected to be abstinent from alcohol, and children's hair is frequently used as the blank matrix for calibration of the alcohol consumption marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG). The basal EtG concentrations of total abstainers were described to be 0.3-2.1 pg/mg (Pirro et al. 2013). It is examined whether this assumption is valid for children from families with addiction background. METHODS In a social support system for families with drug and/or alcohol addicted parents, 161 hair samples from 126 children (age 1-14 years, hair segment 0-3 cm) were analyzed for EtG by a validated LC-MS/MS method (LOD 0.56 pg/mg, LLOQ 2.3 pg/mg). For comparison, ethyl palmitate (EtPa) was measured and hair samples from parents were included. EtG ≥ 3 pg/mg was considered as an alarming result for children. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EtG concentrations between 3.0 and 42.6 pg/mg (mean 9.55 pg/mg, median 6.40 pg/mg) were measured for 25 samples (15.5%, age 22 × 1-5 years, 3 × 9-11 years). Elevated EtPa (0.15-0.46 ng/mg) was found in 6 samples and cocaethylene (0.02-0.07 ng/mg) was detected in 5 samples with high cocaine findings. Hair results of one or both parents indicated drug abuse in 12 from 14 cases (85.7%) if both parents were tested. CONCLUSION Although accidental or voluntary intake of alcoholic beverages cannot be excluded, the external contamination of children's hair by EtG-containing wine and sweat or urine of the alcohol abusing parents is assumed to be the most probable explanation for the positive EtG results in hair of 1-5-year-old children.
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15
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Trujillo CA, Obando D, Trujillo A. An examination of the association between early initiation of substance use and interrelated multilevel risk and protective factors among adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225384. [PMID: 31825955 PMCID: PMC6905657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals of drug use prevention programs is to delay the age of onset of substance use. What is called early initiation, usually occurring in adolescents under the age of 15, is a salient predictor of Substance Use Disorders later in adulthood. The causes of early initiation are complex and multifaceted and this has led to the identification of a rich set of risk and protective factors that influence age of onset. Nonetheless, there is little knowledge about the interdependence of these factors in their impact on early initiation. This paper addresses this question by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis to data on family, community and social risk and protective factors from over 1200 adolescents. We find that community and to a lesser extent social factors are the most clearly associated to early initiation and we compare our results to those obtained from linear regression analyses of the same data that do not incorporate interdependence and find opposite results. We discuss the differences between linear regressions and MCA to evaluate the interplay of risk and protective factors and the implications of our findings for health policy and the design of prevention interventions aimed at delaying age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Obando
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Angela Trujillo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Aresi G, Cleveland MJ, Vieno A, Beccaria F, Turrisi R, Marta E. A Mixed Methods Cross-Cultural Study to Compare Youth Drinking Cultures in Italy and the USA. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 12:231-255. [PMID: 31475478 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the drinking cultures of youth in the USA and in Italy. METHOD Sequential explanatory mixed method design. Phase 1: Multigroup latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of drinkers from samples of 424 (61.3% female) Italian and 323 American college students (57.3% female). Phase 2: Focus group interviews with 41 Italian and 47 American youth were used to collect narratives on features of the two drinking cultures. RESULTS Four partially invariant subgroups of drinkers were found. Most participants (>75%) in both countries concentrated drinking during weekends. Overall, US drinkers displayed greater probabilities to report risky drinking behaviors and experience negative consequences as compared to comparable subgroups of Italian drinkers. Discrepancies in terms of socialisation processes during childhood (i.e. permissiveness) and underlying cultural assumptions with regard to alcohol consumption (i.e. purposes of alcohol use) may explain differences in how alcohol is used in the two countries. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that there are crucial differences in societal schema of beliefs, informal social norms, practices, and values attached to alcoholic beverages across the USA and Italy. These results demonstrate the need for culturally tailored alcohol preventive interventions and clinical practice targeted to young people that capitalise on such differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Beccaria
- Eclectica, Institute for Research and Training, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Marta
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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17
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Tael-Öeren M, Naughton F, Sutton S. The relationship between parental attitudes and children's alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2019; 114:1527-1546. [PMID: 31185534 DOI: 10.1111/add.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of this study was to assess the relationship between parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use and their child's alcohol use. Secondary aims included assessing the relationship between attitudes reported by parents and those perceived by children, and between perceived parental attitudes and children's alcohol use. METHODS Meta-analysis of studies reporting on the associations between parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use and children's self-reported alcohol use. Published, peer-reviewed cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were identified from the following databases up to April 2018: Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. Quality assessment was performed by using guidelines developed by Hayden, Cote & Bombardier. Pooled effect sizes were calculated by using random-effects meta-analyses, if there were at least two studies that could be included per analysis. Of 7471 articles screened, 29 were included comprising data from 16 477 children and 15 229 parents. RESULTS Less restrictive parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use were related to higher rates of alcohol use initiation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-1.80], alcohol use frequency (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.24-1.86) and drunkenness (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.35-1.85) among children. Less perceived restrictive parental attitudes were related to higher alcohol use frequency (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.29-2.40). Perceived parental attitudes were not clearly related to alcohol use initiation. Parent-reported attitudes and perceived parental attitudes were weakly positively correlated (r = 0.27, P = ≤ 0.001). The strength of the relationship between parental attitudes and children's alcohol use frequency attenuated with children's age. Study design, sample size, study location and levels of alcohol use frequency did not have a detectable effect on the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Less restrictive parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use are associated with increases in children's alcohol use onset, alcohol use frequency and drunkenness. Children's perception of less restrictive parental attitudes is associated with children's alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Tael-Öeren
- Behavioural Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Health and Welfare Promotion, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Felix Naughton
- Behavioural Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Homel J, Warren D. The Relationship Between Parent Drinking and Adolescent Drinking: Differences for Mothers and Fathers and Boys and Girls. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:661-669. [PMID: 30676187 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1531429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender differences in the relationship between parent drinking and adolescent drinking are poorly understood. As parental alcohol use is a primary early exposure to alcohol for adolescents, it is important to understand how consequences may differ for adolescent males and females. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to examine gender differences in the relationship between mother's and father's heavy episodic drinking, and its combination, and adolescent drinking. METHODS The sample included 2,800 14-15 year olds (48.9% female) living in two-parent households from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The adolescent outcome measure was having had an alcoholic drink in the past year. Mothers and fathers self-reported their frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Covariates included parents' education, smoking, non-English-speaking background, and symptoms of psychological distress. Logistic regression was used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, both mothers' and fathers' heavy episodic drinking significantly increased the likelihood of adolescent drinking. Moreover, fathers' heavy drinking was more strongly related to adolescent drinking for girls. However, there were no gender differences in the relationship between mothers' drinking and adolescent drinking, and the combination of mothers' and fathers' drinking was not more risky than heavy drinking in either parent alone. CONCLUSIONS Parent heavy episodic drinking is a risk factor for adolescent drinking, after controlling for potential confounding variables. Results suggest that girls may be especially vulnerable to parent heavy drinking in early adolescence. This variation should be considered in the design and evaluation of family-based interventions to prevent adolescent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Homel
- a Griffith Criminology Institute , Griffith University , Mount Gravatt, Queensland , Australia
| | - Diana Warren
- b Australian Institute of Family Studies , Southbank , Victoria , Australia
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19
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Rodriguez-Sanchez C, Sancho-Esper F, Casaló LV. Understanding adolescent binge drinking in Spain: how school information campaigns moderate the role of perceived parental and peer consumption. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2018; 33:361-374. [PMID: 30085038 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite its potentially harmful effects, adolescent binge drinking is becoming increasingly common worldwide. To enable the design of more effective school information campaigns, the underlying factors of heavy alcohol use must be carefully analysed. This study investigated how individual, social and contextual factors relate to adolescent binge drinking. It also explored whether adolescents' exposure to information campaigns at school moderates the relationships between perceived parental and peer alcohol consumption and adolescent binge drinking. We used data from a Spanish nationwide representative sample of 47 803 students aged 14-18 years, of whom 25 576 had engaged in binge drinking behaviours. Data were collected every 2 years between 2006 and 2012. For the multilevel estimation in 2012, the sample comprised 10 577 students. Whilst perceived problems associated with binge drinking and perceived difficulty in accessing alcohol were associated with low levels of binge drinking, adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer consumption were associated, to a greater degree, with high levels of binge drinking. School information campaigns moderated the relationship between parental consumption and adolescent binge drinking but not the relationship between peer consumption and adolescent binge drinking. We conclude by highlighting implications for policymakers and offering possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Facultad de Económicas y Empresariales, Department of Marketing, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Franco Sancho-Esper
- Facultad de Económicas y Empresariales, Department of Marketing, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis V Casaló
- Facultad de Empresa y Gestión Pública, Department of Marketing, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Wille-Bille A, Miranda-Morales RS, Pucci M, Bellia F, D'Addario C, Pautassi RM. Prenatal ethanol induces an anxiety phenotype and alters expression of dynorphin & nociceptin/orphanin FQ genes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:77-88. [PMID: 29678771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have suggested that prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) alters the κ opioid receptor system. The present study investigated the brain expression of dynorphin and nociceptin/orphanin FQ related genes and assessed anxiety-like behavior in the light-dark box (LDB), shelter-seeking and risk-taking behaviors in the concentric square field (CSF) test, and ethanol-induced locomotion in the open field (OF), in infant or adolescent Wistar rats that were exposed to PEE (0.0 or 2.0 g/kg, intragastrically, gestational days 17-20). We measured brain mRNA levels of prodynorphin (PDYN), κ opioid receptors (KOR), the nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide precursor prepronociceptin (ppN/OFQ) and nociceptine/orphanin FQ receptors (NOR). Prenatal ethanol exposure upregulated PDYN and KOR mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in infant and adolescent rats and KOR mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex in infant rats. The changes in gene expression in the VTA were accompanied by a reduction of DNA methylation at the PDYN gene promoter, and by a reduction of DNA methylation at the KOR gene promoter. The PEE-induced upregulation of PDYN/KOR in the VTA was accompanied by lower NOR gene expression in the VTA, and lower PDYN gene expression in the nucleus accumbens. PEE rats exhibited hypolocomotion in the OF, greater avoidance of the white and brightly lit areas in the LDB and CSF, and greater preference for the sheltered area in the CSF test. These results suggest that PEE upregulates the dynorphin system, resulting in an anxiety-prone phenotype and triggering compensatory responses in the nociceptin/orphanin FQ system. These findings may help elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the effects of PEE and suggest that the dynorphin and nociceptin/orphanin FQ systems may be possible targets for the prevention and treatment of PEE-induced alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranza Wille-Bille
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba C.P. 5000, Argentina
| | - Roberto Sebastián Miranda-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba C.P. 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Claudio D'Addario
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba C.P. 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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21
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Foster DW, Ye F, O'Malley SS, Chung T, Hipwell AE, Sartor CE. Longitudinal Associations Between Alcohol-Related Cognitions and Use in African American and European American Adolescent Girls. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:962-971. [PMID: 29484671 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American (AA) girls initiate alcohol use later and drink less than European American (EA) girls, potentially reflecting differences in the development of drinking behaviors. This study examined alcohol-related cognitions: expectancies, attitudes, and intention to drink, as possible sources of variation by race in alcohol use. The aim of this study was to characterize the nature and degree of association between cognitions and use over time and by race in EA and AA girls. METHODS Data were drawn from the longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2,450), an urban population-based sample of girls and their caregivers recruited when girls were between ages 5 and 8, and assessed annually through adolescence. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted separately by race (56.2% AA, 43.8% EA) to identify patterns of association between alcohol use and cognitions from ages 12 to 17 in 2,173 girls. RESULTS Endorsement of cognitions and use was higher overall in EA than AA girls but the magnitude of cross-lagged path coefficients did not differ significantly by race. In both groups, bidirectional effects emerged between intentions and use, and alcohol use largely predicted cognitions across ages. However, intention to drink was the only alcohol-related cognition that consistently predicted subsequent use (odds ratios ranged from 1.55 to 2.71). CONCLUSIONS Although rates of alcohol use and endorsement of cognitions were greater in EA than AA girls, the anticipated racial differences in longitudinal associations between cognitions and use did not emerge, indicating that variation in associations between use and cognitions does not account for the lower prevalence of alcohol use in AA compared with EA girls. Furthermore, our finding that intention to drink is a consistent, robust predictor of subsequent alcohol use suggests the need to investigate potentially modifiable factors that influence intention to drink across racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn W Foster
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Feifei Ye
- RAND Corporation , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychology , University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Alexander AC, Obong'o CO, Chavan P, Vander Weg MW, Ward KD. Applying the Problem Behavior Theory to Adolescent Drug Use Among a Cross-Sectional Sample of Boys Participating in a Community-Based Youth Organization. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:610-621. [PMID: 28910186 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1349802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use remains an important public health concern in the United States, and understanding drug use among young adolescents is vital towards improving the health of the population. OBJECTIVE This study applied the Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) to lifetime drug use among a cross-sectional sample of Boy Scouts (N = 770). The PBT provides a conceptual framework for identifying risk and protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors, including drug use. METHODS Scouts reported their drug use and socio-demographics, and were assessed on several risk and protective factors. For analyses, sociodemographic and risk and protective factors were selected according to the framework provided by PBT, and use of each drug was regressed logistically on these selected factors. Final logistic models were assessed for goodness of fit and discriminatory power. RESULTS The PBT demonstrated discriminatory power for all drugs (Tjur's R2 values ≥.29), but fell sharply for illicit drug use (Tjur's R2 =.20). There were no consistent correlates of drug use. Conclusions/Importance: The PBT had less explanatory power for illicit drug use compared to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, which suggests different risk and protective factors were associated with illicit drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Alexander
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | | | - Prachi Chavan
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Mark W Vander Weg
- b Center for Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation , Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa , USA.,c Department of Internal Medicine , University of Iowa College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- a School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions of alcohol held by schoolchildren using the “Draw and Write” tool, to inform the planning of alcohol education in the classroom setting.
Design/methodology/approach
A specifically designed “Draw and Write” booklet was used with 169 children aged nine to ten years (Year 5) across seven primary schools in a small Local Authority in North West England. Written responses were thematically coded.
Findings
Results demonstrated that the children had a good basic understanding of alcohol, including who drinks, where it can be purchased and the range of products available. Participants were aware that alcohol could be harmful and held mainly negative views. Findings suggest that alcohol education at this age is both appropriate and necessary to help children explore, understand and clarify their perceptions and misconceptions in a safe classroom environment.
Practical implications
The range and depth of responses from the children demonstrated that Draw and Write can be used successfully to explore children’s perceptions of alcohol. The tool can be used as a baseline assessment to inform classroom-based alcohol education for primary school teachers and those supporting delivery at local level, in line with national policy recommendations.
Originality/value
This paper adds to the existing literature on the use of “Draw and Write” in personal, social and health education, demonstrating that it can be used specifically to investigate children’s knowledge and attitudes about alcohol.
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Handren LM, Donaldson CD, Crano WD. Adolescent Alcohol Use: Protective and Predictive Parent, Peer, and Self-Related Factors. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:862-71. [PMID: 27562038 PMCID: PMC5902017 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use has been linked with a multitude of problems and a trajectory predictive of problematic use in adulthood. Thus, targeting factors that enhance early prevention efforts is vital. The current study highlights variables that mitigate or predict alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking. Using Monitoring the Future (MTF) data, multiple path analytic models revealed links between parental involvement and alcohol abstinence and initiation. Parental involvement predicted enhanced self-esteem and less self-derogation and was negatively associated with peer alcohol norms for each MTF grade sampled, with stronger associations for 8th and 10th graders than 12th graders. For younger groups, self-esteem predicted increased perceptions of alcohol risk and reduced drinking. Self-derogation was associated with peers' pro-alcohol norms, which was linked to lower risk perceptions, lower personal disapproval of use, and increased drinking. Peer influence had a stronger association with consumption for 8th and 10th graders, whereas 12th graders' drinking was related to personal factors of alcohol risk perception and disapproval. In all grades, general alcohol use had a strong connection to heavy episodic drinking within the past 2 weeks. Across-grade variations in association of parent, peer, and personal factors suggest the desirability of tailored interventions focused on specific factors for each grade level, with the overall goal of attenuating adolescent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Handren
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Candice D Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - William D Crano
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
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Jackson KM, Barnett NP, Colby SM, Rogers ML. The prospective association between sipping alcohol by the sixth grade and later substance use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 76:212-21. [PMID: 25785796 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is a clear association between early use of alcohol and short- and long-term adverse outcomes, it is unclear whether consumption of minor amounts of alcohol (less than a full drink) at a young age is prognostic of risk behaviors in later adolescence. METHOD Data were taken from 561 students enrolled in an ongoing prospective web-based study on alcohol initiation and progression (55% female; 25% White non-Hispanic). Based on a combination of monthly and semiannual surveys, we coded whether participants sipped alcohol before sixth grade and examined associations between early sipping and alcohol consumption by fall of ninth grade, as well as other indices of problem behavior. Participants also reported on the context of the first sipping event. RESULTS The prevalence of sipping alcohol by fall of sixth grade was 29.5%. Most participants indicated that their first sip took place at their own home, and the primary source of alcohol was an adult, usually a parent. Youth who sipped alcohol by sixth grade had significantly greater odds of consuming a full drink, getting drunk, and drinking heavily by ninth grade than nonsippers. These associations held even when we controlled for temperamental, behavioral, and environmental factors that contribute to proneness for problem behavior, which suggests that sipping is not simply a marker of underlying risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that early sipping is associated with elevated odds of risky behaviors at high school entry dispute the idea of sipping as a protective factor. Offering even just a sip of alcohol may undermine messages about the unacceptability of alcohol consumption for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Ennett ST, Jackson C, Choi S, Hayes KA, Dickinson DM, Bowling JM. A Parenting Program to Promote an Alcohol-Free Childhood: Influence on Parents' Readiness to Prevent Child Sipping. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 77:327-36. [PMID: 26997191 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reports effects of a parenting program to increase parents' readiness to socialize their children against early alcohol use. METHOD A two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with a nonprobability sample of 816 mothers. Participants were recruited from school districts located primarily in North Carolina and completed telephone interviews at baseline and 6 and 18 months after delivery of a parenting program to the treatment group mothers. Mothers reported on psychological indicators of readiness to prevent child alcohol use (e.g., attitude toward child sipping) and on parenting behaviors with potential to prevent such use (e.g., setting rules about child sipping). Multivariate analysis of variance models tested program effects on composite sets of psychological and behavioral outcomes; step-down analysis identified the individual outcomes driving overall program effects. Moderation of program effects by mother's alcohol use, established beliefs about the consequences of child sipping, educational attainment, and race/ethnicity was tested. RESULTS The program had significant overall effects on each composite set of psychological and behavioral outcomes. Effects on psychological outcomes were moderated by mother's alcohol use, beliefs about the consequences of child sipping, and educational attainment; effects on the behavioral outcomes were moderated by mother's race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The parenting program had favorable, sustained effects on targeted outcomes intended to increase parental readiness to socialize children against early alcohol use. Mothers expected to be least receptive to the program-those who, at baseline, believed that allowing children to sip alcohol can have beneficial consequences-were most changed by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Seulki Choi
- Department of Health Behavior, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - J Michael Bowling
- Department of Health Behavior, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Lee IC, Ting TT, Chen DR, Tseng FY, Chen WJ, Chen CY. Peers and social network on alcohol drinking through early adolescence in Taiwan. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:50-8. [PMID: 26088697 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify peers and social network characteristics associated with drinking occasions through early adolescence. METHODS The study sample of 1808 middle school students (aged 13-15 years) in northern Taiwan was collected via a two-wave longitudinal study of the Alcohol-Related Experiences among Children (AREC). Data concerning individual sociodemographics, family characteristics, peer influence, and alcohol drinking behaviors were collected via web-based self-administered questionnaire. Building upon the maximum of five friends nominated by young respondents at 7th grade, class-based social network was first constructed via the UCINET and Pajek; the network position (i.e., member, bridge, and isolate) for each student was subsequently ascertained. Complex surveys analyses and negative binominal regression models were used to evaluate concurrent and prospective relationship estimates. RESULTS Effects of peers and social network were found to operate differentially by childhood alcohol experience. For the alcohol naïve youngsters, receiving higher peer's nomination at baseline was linked with subsequent increased drinking occasions (adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio [aIRR]=1.06; 95% CI=1.01-1.10), whereas having peers against alcohol drinking may reduce drinking occasions at 9th grade (aIRR=0.59; 95% CI=0.41-0.87). For the alcohol experienced youngsters, having parental alcohol offer, drinking peers, and attending classes of higher drinking norms may increase future drinking occasions by 90%, 80% and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that parental alcohol offer, peer norms, and social network may affect adolescent drinking occasions differentially depending on childhood drinking experience. The findings have implications for the interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in underage population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Lee
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Tien Ting
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Duan-Rung Chen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Tseng
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Neuropsychiatric Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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