1
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Kumblad L, E Wiklund AK, Rydin E. Long-term evaluation of potential Al toxicity after an Al treatment in a coastal bay. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122242. [PMID: 39154535 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Coastal areas often suffer from eutrophication, causing ecosystem degradation and oxygen deficiencies. In hundreds of lakes, aluminium (Al) treatment has been a successful method to bind phosphorous in the sediments, reducing lake productivity. In this study we follow up a successful Al treatment of the sediment of Björnöfjärden, which was the first full-scale coastal remediation project using a geo-engineering method, that substantially reduced P concentrations in the water column. We evaluate the long-term development of Al in the water and aquatic life using 10 years data from before, during and after the aluminium treatment. Still after ten years, the treatment is successful with low P concentrations in the Bay. After a temporal increase of Al in water and biota (fish and algae) in connection with the Al treatment, the concentration decreased rapidly to pre-treatment levels. A risk assessment for biota and humans consuming fish and water from the bay showed that the risk for negative effects were negligible, also during the treatment year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kumblad
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Kristin E Wiklund
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Rydin
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Giani M, Pavlidou A, Kralj M, Varkitzi I, Borja A, Menchaca I, Lipizer M, Partescano E, Urbini L, Francé J, Magaletti E, Xuan AN, Lanera P, Skejić S, Ivanković D, Gladan ŽN, Matijević S, Pantazi M, Pagou K. Assessment of the eutrophication status at Mediterranean sub-basin scale, within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173876. [PMID: 38879033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to define harmonized reference conditions and assessment thresholds for selected criteria elements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 5 (Eutrophication) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and to test if a tool for integrated assessment of the status of marine systems can be used as a common methodological approach. In this frame, we tested two statistical approaches in order to set threshold values for four criteria of Descriptor 5: nutrients, chlorophyll a, transparency and dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters. It is noteworthy that this work revealed the need to apply common procedures in data treatment and assessment evaluation. This is the first attempt to set common methods for the assessment of eutrophication in the Eastern Mediterranean, which is essential in marine environments, especially those shared by several countries. To this end, we have applied common criteria and metrics and established thresholds "Good" and "Moderate" for nutrients, chlorophyll a, transparency and dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters for the different Water Types of the Adriatic and Aegean Seas (I, II, IIIW, IIIE), based on datasets provided by Italy, Slovenia, Croatia and Greece. The selected criteria elements were common for all countries, providing a unified approach to GES assessment of two case study areas: the Adriatic Sea and the Saronikos Gulf. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) threshold values of 15.6, 6.85, 1.61 and 2.11 μmol L-1 were set for the Water Types I, II, IIIW and IIIE, respectively. We also tested if an aggregation tool for GES assessment, such as Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool (NEAT), could be used as a common methodological approach. The comparison of NEAT with TRIX showed good comparability. In this end, NEAT can be used as a useful and much needed assessment tool for assessing eutrophication status of the marine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Giani
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexandra Pavlidou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio Ave, Mavro Lithari, Anavissos, Attika, Greece.
| | - Martina Kralj
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ioanna Varkitzi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio Ave, Mavro Lithari, Anavissos, Attika, Greece
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain
| | - Iratxe Menchaca
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain
| | - Marina Lipizer
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Partescano
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lidia Urbini
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Janja Francé
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Erika Magaletti
- ISPRA, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Lanera
- ISPRA, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Roma, Italy
| | - Sanda Skejić
- IOR, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Ivanković
- IOR, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Maria Pantazi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 576A Vouliagmenis Ave., 16452 Argyroupoli, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Pagou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio Ave, Mavro Lithari, Anavissos, Attika, Greece
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3
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Romero E, Beusen AHW, Bouwman AF, Einarsson R, Garnier J. Nitrogen in agri-food systems and the environment: Next steps to a sustainable future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024:174555. [PMID: 39004522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Romero
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain; Dept. of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arthur H W Beusen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander F Bouwman
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rasmus Einarsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Huang L, Xu X, Fang H, He G, Gao Q, Wang K, Gao L. Improved data assimilation for algal bloom dynamics simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir using particle filter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172009. [PMID: 38547972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms have been increasingly prevalent in recent years, especially in lakes and reservoirs; their accurate prediction is essential for preserving water quality. In this study, the observed chlorophyll a (chl-a) levels were assimilated into the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) of algal bloom dynamics by using a particle filter (PF), and the state variables of water quality and model parameters were simultaneously updated to achieve enhanced algal bloom predictive performance. The developed data assimilation system for algal blooms was applied to Xiangxi Bay (XXB) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). The results show that the ensemble mean accuracy and reliability of the confidence intervals of the predicted state variables, including chl-a and indirectly updated phosphate (PO4), ammonium (NH4), and nitrate (NO3) levels, were considerably improved after PF assimilation. Thus, PF assimilation is an effective tool for the dynamic correction of parameters to represent their inherent variations. Increased assimilation frequency can effectively suppress the accumulation of model errors; therefore, the use of high-frequency water quality data for assimilation is recommended to ensure more accurate and reliable algal bloom prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guojian He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qifeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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5
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Zang N, Cao G, Xu Y, Feng Y, Xu Z, Zhou X, Liao Y. An innovative method based on Gaussian cloud distribution and sample information richness for eutrophication assessment of Yangtze's lakes and reservoirs under uncertainty. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32784-32799. [PMID: 38662293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The precise assessment of a water body's eutrophication status is essential for making informed decisions in water environment management. However, conventional approaches frequently fail to consider the randomness, fuzziness, and inherent hidden information of water quality indicators. These would result in an unreliable assessment. An enhanced method was proposed for the eutrophication assessment under uncertainty in this study. The multi-dimension gaussian cloud distribution was introduced to capture the randomness and fuzziness. The Shannon entropy based on various sample size and trophic levels was proposed to maximize valuable information hidden in the datasets. Twenty-seven significant lakes and reservoirs located in the Yangtze River Basin were selected to demonstrate the proposed method. The sensitivity and consistency were used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. Results indicate that the proposed method has the capability to effectively assess the eutrophication status of lakes and reservoirs under uncertainty and that it has a better sensitivity since it can identify more than 33-50% trophic levels compared to the traditional methods. Further scenario experiments analysis revealed that the sample information richness, i.e., sample size and the number of trophic levels is of great significance to the accuracy/robustness of the method. Moreover, a sample size of 60 can offer the most favorable balance between accuracy/robustness and the monitoring expenses. These findings are crucial to optimizing the eutrophication assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Guozhi Cao
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yanxue Xu
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Sinosoft Company Limited, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zesheng Xu
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Xiafei Zhou
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yunjie Liao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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6
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Hyytiäinen K, Huttunen I, Kotamäki N, Kuosa H, Ropponen J. Good eutrophication status is a challenging goal for coastal waters. AMBIO 2024; 53:579-591. [PMID: 38142243 PMCID: PMC10920530 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Our objective is to understand the effectiveness of local and international nutrient pollution mitigation efforts when targeting better water quality in the region's coastal waters. To this end, we developed an integrated modeling framework for the Archipelago Sea located in the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe, conducted what-if analyses for various ambition levels of nutrient abatement, and studied the long-term consequences at the sea basin scale. We demonstrate that in outer parts of the Archipelago Sea, a good eutrophication status can be achieved if the current internationally agreed policy goals for nutrient abatement are successfully met. In inner coastal areas, current goals for phytoplankton biomass could be reached only through extreme mitigation efforts in all polluting sectors and large-scale application of yet poorly tested ecological engineering methods. This result calls for carefully considering the relevance of current threshold values for phytoplankton and its role as a dominant indicator of good ecological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hyytiäinen
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Inese Huttunen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Kotamäki
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Survontie 9 A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Kuosa
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Ropponen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Survontie 9 A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
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7
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Schaub I, Friedland R, Zettler ML. Good-Moderate boundary setting for the environmental status assessment of the macrozoobenthos communities with the Benthic Quality Index (BQI) in the south-western Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116150. [PMID: 38367315 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The status assessment of the macrofauna community under the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires threshold values that mark the transition from good to moderate conditions (G-M boundaries). Using the example of the Benthic Quality Index (BQI) in the south-western Baltic Sea, we demonstrate the possibilities and restrictions of i) defining G-M boundaries using reference areas, historical data and a statistical method and ii) the subsequent evaluation of the resulting G-M boundaries using disturbance data. The historical data from the period 1911 to 1929 proved to be unsuitable for defining G-M boundaries due to their data quality. The G-M boundaries calculated using the statistical method delineated high disturbance values more reliably than those based on reference areas. We conclude that disturbance data are very useful to evaluate G-M boundaries for their suitability, but data on all state conditions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schaub
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - René Friedland
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michael L Zettler
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
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8
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Chen K, Achterberg EP, Li K, Zhang J, Xin M, Wang X. Governance pathway for coastal eutrophication based on regime shifts in diatom-dinoflagellate composition of the Bohai and Baltic Seas. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121042. [PMID: 38134859 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Regime shifts in the diatom-dinoflagellate composition have occurred in the Baltic Sea (BS) and Bohai Sea (BHS) under eutrophication and have affected the entire coastal ecosystem, damaging the regulatory, provisioning, cultural, and supporting service functions of marine ecosystems. Therefore, finding a solution to restore the balance of phytoplankton community composition and mitigate eutrophication is of utmost importance. In this study, the Driver (per capita gross domestic product)-Pressure (terrestrial inputs)-State (seawater environmental parameters)-Impact (proportions of diatoms and dinoflagellates)-Response (eutrophication governance projects) framework served as a guide for our analysis of the causal relationship among various environmental components in the coastal system. The relevant data in BS and BHS spanning from the 1950s to the 2010s were collected and used to construct a diatom-dinoflagellate composition single index, which allowed us to identify the shifts in regimes (mutation points and phases) of the diatom-dinoflagellate composition and environmental factors using sequential t-test analysis. We also identified key environmental factors that moderated the diatom-dinoflagellate composition using redundancy analysis and analyzed the partial effects of the main environmental factors on the diatom-dinoflagellate composition using a generalized additive model. Finally, the regulation of the eutrophication governance investment on diatom-dinoflagellate composition was investigated. We found that (1) BS is a "time machine," with coastal eutrophication governance and regime shift of diatom-dinoflagellate composition and environmental factors two decades earlier than that in BHS; (2) in BS, the key moderation factor of diatom proportion is SiO3-Si and those of dinoflagellates are sea surface salinity and N:P ratio; in BHS, the key moderation factors of diatom proportion are PO4-P and Si:N ratio and those of dinoflagellate are dissolved inorganic nitrogen and N:P and Si:P ratios; (3) it is projected that BHS will enter its recovery phase from eutrophication after mid-2020s. In summary, the N/P/Si stoichiometric relationships should be given greater consideration, with the exception of the "dose-response" relationship in both sea areas. Our results indicate an urgent need for an improved mechanistic understanding of how phytoplankton biodiversity changes in response to changes in nutrient load and how we should ultimately deal with the challenges that arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel 24148, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel 24148, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ming Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, the First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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9
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Steinkopf M, Krumme U, Schulz‐Bull D, Wodarg D, Loick‐Wilde N. Trophic lengthening triggered by filamentous, N 2-fixing cyanobacteria disrupts pelagic but not benthic food webs in a large estuarine ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11048. [PMID: 38380063 PMCID: PMC10877452 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication, increased temperatures and stratification can lead to massive, filamentous, N2-fixing cyanobacterial (FNC) blooms in coastal ecosystems with largely unresolved consequences for the mass and energy supply in food webs. Mesozooplankton adapt to not top-down controlled FNC blooms by switching diets from phytoplankton to microzooplankton, resulting in a directly quantifiable increase in its trophic position (TP) from 2.0 to as high as 3.0. If this process in mesozooplankton, we call trophic lengthening, was transferred to higher trophic levels of a food web, a loss of energy could result in massive declines of fish biomass. We used compound-specific nitrogen stable isotope data of amino acids (CSIA) to estimate and compare the nitrogen (N) sources and TPs of cod and flounder from FNC bloom influence areas (central Baltic Sea) and areas without it (western Baltic Sea). We tested if FNC-triggered trophic lengthening in mesozooplankton is carried over to fish. The TP of cod from the western Baltic (4.1 ± 0.5), feeding mainly on decapods, was equal to reference values. Only cod from the central Baltic, mainly feeding on zooplanktivorous pelagics, had a significantly higher TP (4.6 ± 0.4), indicating a strong carry-over effect trophic lengthening from mesozooplankton. In contrast, the TP of molluscivorous flounder, associated with the benthic food web, was unaffected by trophic lengthening and quite similar reference values of 3.2 ± 0.2 in both areas. This suggests that FNC blooms lead to a large loss of energy in zooplanktivorous but not in molluscivorous mesopredators. If FNC blooms continue to trigger the detour of energy at the base of the pelagic food web due to a massive heterotrophic microbial system, the TP of cod will not return to lower TP values and the fish stock not recover. Monitoring the TP of key species can identify fundamental changes in ecosystems and provide information for resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Steinkopf
- Department of Biological OceanographyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
| | - Uwe Krumme
- Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea FisheriesRostockGermany
| | - Detlef Schulz‐Bull
- Department of Marine ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
| | - Dirk Wodarg
- Department of Marine ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
| | - Natalie Loick‐Wilde
- Department of Biological OceanographyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
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10
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Yang Y, Li K, Liang S, Lin G, Liu C, Li J, Xie L, Li Y, Wang X. A simulation-optimization approach based on the compound eutrophication index to identify multi-nutrient allocated load. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167626. [PMID: 37804968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication with nutrient enrichment is a global marine ecosystem concern that threatens human health, economic activities, and ecosystem functions. Therefore, a nutrient load optimization method is required to help control marine eutrophication. However, eutrophication-based nutrient allocated load optimization is a multi-objective project due to a series of eutrophication pressures, such as cross-regional land-based nutrient loads and multi-nutrient regimes and ratios. In this study, a synergistic multi-nutrient control method was developed for the Bohai Sea (BS), China, which links multi-nutrient pressures with eutrophication states. Based on the eutrophication control standard, which is the second level of compound eutrophication index (CEI), the total maximum allocated loads (CEI-based TMALs) of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were calculated by a simulation-optimization approach. Using the end year of China's 13th Five-Year Plan (2020) as the reference year, 154 high load pressure jurisdictions (HLPJs) that contribute to eutrophication response segments in the BS were identified. Accordingly, practiced the optimized annual reduction rates of TDN, TDP, and COD in the HLPJs at 15 %, 11 %, and 2 % according to CEIII, respectively, the proportion of eutrophicated areas gradually decreased from 32 % in 2020 to 15 % in 2025 and might be 0 % in 2035 with ecosystem resilience in 2035. In particular, under the annual reduction rates of TDN and TDP optimized based on CEIII, the DIN/DIP molar ratio in the BS decreased to 16:1 by 2035. The simulation-optimization approach associated with the CEI-based TMALs for multi-nutrient control in this study might make implementing land-sea coordination more efficiency and marine nutrient regime stably. This can provide scientific and technological support for improving the health of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guohong Lin
- Material Science and Engineering College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Linping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
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11
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Ho M, Kessouri F, Frieder CA, Sutula M, Bianchi D, McWilliams JC. Effect of ocean outfall discharge volume and dissolved inorganic nitrogen load on urban eutrophication outcomes in the Southern California Bight. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22148. [PMID: 38092878 PMCID: PMC10719394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is increasing drought severity worldwide. Ocean discharges of municipal wastewater are a target for potable water recycling. Potable water recycling would reduce wastewater volume; however, the effect on mass nitrogen loading is dependent on treatment. In cases where nitrogen mass loading is not altered or altered minimally, this practice has the potential to influence spatial patterns in coastal eutrophication. We apply a physical-biogeochemical numerical ocean model to understand the influence of nitrogen management and potable wastewater recycling on net primary productivity (NPP), pH, and oxygen. We model several theoretical management scenarios by combining dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) reductions from 50 to 85% and recycling from 0 to 90%, applied to 19 generalized wastewater outfalls in the Southern California Bight. Under no recycling, NPP, acidification, and oxygen loss decline with DIN reductions, which simulated habitat volume expansion for pelagic calcifiers and aerobic taxa. Recycling scenarios under intermediate DIN reduction show patchier areas of pH and oxygen loss with steeper vertical declines relative to a "no recycling" scenario. These patches are diminished under 85% DIN reduction across all recycling levels, suggesting nitrogen management lowers eutrophication risk even with concentrated discharges. These findings represent a novel application of ocean numerical models to investigate the regional effects of idealized outfall management on eutrophication. Additional work is needed to investigate more realistic outfall-specific water recycling and nutrient management scenarios and to contextualize the benefit of these management actions, given accelerating acidification and hypoxia from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Ho
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Fayçal Kessouri
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christina A Frieder
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Martha Sutula
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James C McWilliams
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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12
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Tan I, Atabay H, Evcen A, Kurt G, Taşkın E, Polat Beken Ç. Integrated assessment of eutrophication in the southern Black Sea waters, using the Nested Environmental Status Assessment Tool. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115424. [PMID: 37659383 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This research deals with the land-based pressures on the southern Black Sea coast (Turkey), with the objective of assessing their eutrophication impacts. In this context, reference values of some of the eutrophication indicators were calculated, and eutrophication assessment was carried out for this area using the holistic approach NEAT (Nested Environmental Status Assessment Tool). In addition, correlations between NEAT results of coastal regions and pressure-impact analysis methods were investigated. In the determined Spatial Assessment Unit (SAU) areas, 9 indicators were evaluated according to the SAU surface, both with and without weighting by their size the overall assessment of the Turkish Black Sea coast is good (0.70) and moderate (0.57) environmental status, for non-weighting and weighting by SAUs, respectively, with a high confidence level. With this study, we concluded that the sensitivity of the assessment tool needs to be increased. Despite these results, an appropriate number of indicators to represent the water column should be added. It is important to include the phytoplankton variable in the evaluation in future studies. In addition, this study, which uses NEAT allows identifying problematic environmental areas that require attention and action from managers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Tan
- TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center - Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency - Marine Research and Technologies Research Group, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Atabay
- TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center - Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency - Marine Research and Technologies Research Group, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alper Evcen
- TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center - Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency - Marine Research and Technologies Research Group, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Güley Kurt
- Sinop University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Ergün Taşkın
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Çolpan Polat Beken
- TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center - Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency - Marine Research and Technologies Research Group, Kocaeli, Turkey
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13
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Soni S, Viljanen J, Uusitalo R, Veis P. Phosphorus quantification in soil using LIBS assisted by laser-induced fluorescence. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17523. [PMID: 37408919 PMCID: PMC10319222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification and monitoring of phosphorus in soil plays a critical role in environmentally friendly agriculture, especially in mitigation of phosphorus leakages to water systems and subsequent risk for eutrophication. On the other hand, deficiency in phosphorus would lead to problems in development and growth of cultivated crops. Therefore, monitoring and quantification of phosphorus status in soil is essential. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by laser-induced fluorescence (LIBS-LIF) is introduced for quantification of readily soluble phosphorus in soil and compared to the analytical performance of the conventional LIBS method. Mineral soils with variable phosphorus status were used for the analysis. The calibration curves are plotted to evaluate the detection limit of the soluble phosphorus. Compared results demonstrate improvement in detection limit from 3.74 mg/kg to 0.12 mg/kg for clay soil and from 10.94 mg/kg to 0.27 mg/kg for silt loam/loam soil in LIBS and LIBS-LIF measurements, respectively. For the LIBS-LIF measurement, detection limits are comparable with established chemical soil analyses. The proposed method would substantially reduce required sample preparation and laboratory work compared with conventional phosphorus quantification. In addition, as the calibration curves demonstrate that the calibration for soluble phosphorus holds within a soil type, LIBS-LIF has the potential to be used for high throughput soil analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Soni
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
- Comenius University, FMPH, Mlynska dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Viljanen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Risto Uusitalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Pavel Veis
- Comenius University, FMPH, Mlynska dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Schütt EM, Hundsdörfer MAJ, von Hoyningen-Huene AJE, Lange X, Koschmider A, Oppelt N. First Steps towards a near Real-Time Modelling System of Vibrio vulnificus in the Baltic Sea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085543. [PMID: 37107825 PMCID: PMC10138452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, Vibrio vulnificus infections have emerged as an increasingly serious public health threat along the German Baltic coast. To manage related risks, near real-time (NRT) modelling of V. vulnificus quantities has often been proposed. Such models require spatially explicit input data, for example, from remote sensing or numerical model products. We tested if data from a hydrodynamic, a meteorological, and a biogeochemical model are suitable as input for an NRT model system by coupling it with field samples and assessing the models' ability to capture known ecological parameters of V. vulnificus. We also identify the most important predictors for V. vulnificus in the Baltic Sea by leveraging the St. Nicolas House Analysis. Using a 27-year time series of sea surface temperature, we have investigated trends of V. vulnificus season length, which pinpoint hotspots mainly in the east of our study region. Our results underline the importance of water temperature and salinity on V. vulnificus abundance but also highlight the potential of air temperature, oxygen, and precipitation to serve as predictors in a statistical model, albeit their relationship with V. vulnificus may not be causal. The evaluated models cannot be used in an NRT model system due to data availability constraints, but promising alternatives are presented. The results provide a valuable basis for a future NRT model for V. vulnificus in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike M. Schütt
- Earth Observation and Modelling, Department of Geography, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie A. J. Hundsdörfer
- Earth Observation and Modelling, Department of Geography, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Xaver Lange
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Agnes Koschmider
- Business Informatics and Process Analytics, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natascha Oppelt
- Earth Observation and Modelling, Department of Geography, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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15
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Dai Y, Yang S, Zhao D, Hu C, Xu W, Anderson DM, Li Y, Song XP, Boyce DG, Gibson L, Zheng C, Feng L. Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century. Nature 2023; 615:280-284. [PMID: 36859547 PMCID: PMC9995273 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms in coastal oceans can be beneficial to coastal fisheries production and ecosystem function, but can also cause major environmental problems1,2-yet detailed characterizations of bloom incidence and distribution are not available worldwide. Here we map daily marine coastal algal blooms between 2003 and 2020 using global satellite observations at 1-km spatial resolution. We found that algal blooms occurred in 126 out of the 153 coastal countries examined. Globally, the spatial extent (+13.2%) and frequency (+59.2%) of blooms increased significantly (P < 0.05) over the study period, whereas blooms weakened in tropical and subtropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere. We documented the relationship between the bloom trends and ocean circulation, and identified the stimulatory effects of recent increases in sea surface temperature. Our compilation of daily mapped coastal phytoplankton blooms provides the basis for global assessments of bloom risks and benefits, and for the formulation or evaluation of management or policy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangbo Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanmin Hu
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Wang Xu
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yun Li
- School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Xiao-Peng Song
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel G Boyce
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Luke Gibson
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- EIT Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China
| | - Lian Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Labib W, El-Dahhar AA, Shahin SA, Ismail MM, Hosny S, Diab MH. Water quality indices as tools for assessment of the Eastern Harbor’s water status (Alexandria, Egypt). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBased on weekly sampling, the present short-term study was set out over a one-year cycle in the Eastern Harbor (Alexandria, Egypt). This study aims to assess water quality monitoring data. Among the 13 indexes used in the present study to define the water quality in the harbor, 6 depend on physical and chemical variables, and the other 6 are biological criteria. Chlorophyll concentrations and phytoplankton cell numbers were also used as indicators for assessing trophic status. The study indicated that water status mesotrophic and poor-bad classes are the major trend in the harbor, but oligotrophic condition dominates in winter, and the eutrophic status and poor class dominate in autumn. Looking for suitable tools to assess the water status in such a highly dynamic marine basin is not a simple task, and identification of a common quality status relying on a single assessment approach is hard to realize. Despite the consensus between some approaches, significant discrepancies were observed in the classification results on temporal scale, and for the inability of some indices to sort all types of water bodies in the harbor. The study might represent an integral part of holistic ecosystem-based management of coastal waters.
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17
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Olli K, Nyman E, Tamminen T. Half-century trends in alpha and beta diversity of phytoplankton summer communities in the Helsinki Archipelago, the Baltic Sea. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2023; 45:146-162. [PMID: 36751485 PMCID: PMC9897023 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed phytoplankton biodiversity trends in a 52 year (1967-2018) monitoring time-series from the archipelago of Helsinki, Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. The community ordination revealed strong ordering of samples along the time axis (generalized additive model-gam fit: R 2 = 0.9). Species richness increased in time and was the most influential alpha diversity descriptor related to the community structure (gam fit: R 2 = 0.56-0.70). Changes in species richness accounted for 35-36% of the mean between-sample beta diversity. The remaining 64-65% was due to species turnover-the dominant component of the biodiversity trend. The temporal beta diversity trend reflected the eutrophication history of the geographically confined region, with a turning point in mid-1990s demarking the adaptation and recovery phases of the phytoplankton community. Trends in spatial beta diversity revealed homogenization of the communities in the outer archipelago zone, but not in the inner bays. The temporal decay of community similarity revealed high turnover rate, with 23.6 years halving time in the outer archipelago and 11.3 years in the inner bays, revealing the differences in eutrophication strength. The observed phytoplankton trends manifest the regional eutrophication history, and dispersal of new species to the unsaturated brackish species pool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Nyman
- Urban Environment Division, City of Helsinki, Työpajankatu 8, 00580 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Tamminen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Kurhaluk N, Tkachenko H, Kamiński P. Do the diverse environments of Baltic coastal zone affect hematological and biochemical alterations in the blood of mute swans (Cygnus olor)? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114014. [PMID: 35948152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on studies of the wintering population of mute swans in large urban agglomerations, it is possible to identify and infer the impact of environmental pollution in coastal regions near Baltic Sea on the physiological and biochemical changes in the blood of waterfowls. Hematological and biochemical changes in the blood in relation to chemical elements in their feathers are a useful tool for general ecophysiological conclusions. Hematological changes and blood chemistry in Mute Swan Cygnus olor is particularly environmentally dependent, therefore we examined hematological picture (red blood cells RBC, white blood cells WBC, heterophiles, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio H/L, biochemical indicators (glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, total protein), stability of erythrocyte membranes, concentration of Ca, P, Mg in the blood, concentration of Al, Zn, Rh, Cu, Ru, Fe, Pb in feathers, in wintering population of 172 mute swans of different age (juvenile, adult) and gender, in three coastal types of areas of Southern Polish zone of Baltic Sea (Słupsk, Gdynia, Sopot). Percentage of changes in the morphological indices in the blood of mute swans with three independent characteristics (environment, sex, age) revealed that hemoglobin content exhibited the highest value (R2 = 53.8%) in the analysis of morphological indices; the effect of RBC, WBC, and basophils was much lower (WBC > RBC > basophils). Male and female erythrocytes from the coastal of Gdynia were more fragile than those of birds from coasts of Sopot and Słupsk. We found that osmotic fragility is altered in juvenile swans from Słupsk area and males from Gdynia area. The consequence was a higher level of hemolyzed erythrocytes in their blood. The effect of type of environment, age-, and sex-related impact on hematological indices and biomarkers of biochemical alterations in the blood of swans and comparison of these data with bioaccumulation of chemical elements in feathers of swans inhabiting 3 types of environment of Baltic coastal zone show significant differences in the hematological and biochemical indices. Albumins and globulins maintain the blood cations balance, however, changes in their concentrations in the blood suggest an impact on physiological mechanisms and body condition of swans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Department of Biology, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Department of Biology, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland.
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19
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Rolff C, Walve J, Larsson U, Elmgren R. How oxygen deficiency in the Baltic Sea proper has spread and worsened: The role of ammonium and hydrogen sulphide. AMBIO 2022; 51:2308-2324. [PMID: 35737272 PMCID: PMC9481832 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Even large inflows of oxygen-rich seawater to the Baltic Proper have in recent decades given only short-lived relief from oxygen deficiency below the halocline. We analyse long-term changes in oxygen deficiency, and calculate the "total oxygen debt" [Formula: see text]OD, the oxygen required to oxidize the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonium (NH4) that builds up during stagnation periods. Since the early 1990s, oxygen below 65m has gradually decreased during successive stagnation periods, and the [Formula: see text]OD has increased, with NH4 more important than previously recognised. After the major inflow in 2014, the Baltic Proper [Formula: see text]OD has reached its highest level so far. The gradual shift of the [Formula: see text]OD to shallower sub-halocline waters in the western and northern basins has increased the risk of periodic coastal hypoxia and export of hypoxic water to the Bothnian Sea. The potential for inflows large enough to more than eliminate the [Formula: see text]OD seems limited in the near term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rolff
- Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Walve
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Larsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Elmgren
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Virro H, Kmoch A, Vainu M, Uuemaa E. Random forest-based modeling of stream nutrients at national level in a data-scarce region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156613. [PMID: 35700783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient runoff from agricultural production is one of the main causes of water quality deterioration in river systems and coastal waters. Water quality modeling can be used for gaining insight into water quality issues in order to implement effective mitigation efforts. Process-based nutrient models are very complex, requiring a lot of input parameters and computationally expensive calibration. Recently, ML approaches have shown to achieve an accuracy comparable to the process-based models and even outperform them when describing nonlinear relationships. We used observations from 242 Estonian catchments, amounting to 469 yearly TN and 470 TP measurements covering the period 2016-2020 to train random forest (RF) models for predicting annual N and P concentrations. We used a total of 82 predictor variables, including land cover, soil, climate and topography parameters and applied a feature selection strategy to reduce the number of dependent features in the models. The SHAP method was used for deriving the most relevant predictors. The performance of our models is comparable to previous process-based models used in the Baltic region with the TN and TP model having an R2 score of 0.83 and 0.52, respectively. However, as input data used in our models is easier to obtain, the models offer superior applicability in areas, where data availability is insufficient for process-based approaches. Therefore, the models enable to give a robust estimation for nutrient losses at national level and allows to capture the spatial variability of the nutrient runoff which in turn enables to provide decision-making support for regional water management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Virro
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51003, Estonia.
| | - Alexander Kmoch
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Marko Vainu
- Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, Tallinn 10120, Estonia
| | - Evelyn Uuemaa
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51003, Estonia
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21
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Kotta J, Raudsepp U, Szava-Kovats R, Aps R, Armoskaite A, Barda I, Bergström P, Futter M, Gröndahl F, Hargrave M, Jakubowska M, Jänes H, Kaasik A, Kraufvelin P, Kovaltchouk N, Krost P, Kulikowski T, Kõivupuu A, Kotta I, Lees L, Loite S, Maljutenko I, Nylund G, Paalme T, Pavia H, Purina I, Rahikainen M, Sandow V, Visch W, Yang B, Barboza FR. Assessing the potential for sea-based macroalgae cultivation and its application for nutrient removal in the Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156230. [PMID: 35643144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine eutrophication is a pervasive and growing threat to global sustainability. Macroalgal cultivation is a promising circular economy solution to achieve nutrient reduction and food security. However, the location of production hotspots is not well known. In this paper the production potential of macroalgae of high commercial value was predicted across the Baltic Sea region. In addition, the nutrient limitation within and adjacent to macroalgal farms was investigated to suggest optimal site-specific configuration of farms. The production potential of Saccharina latissima was largely driven by salinity and the highest production yields are expected in the westernmost Baltic Sea areas where salinity is >23. The direct and interactive effects of light availability, temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations regulated the predicted changes in the production of Ulva intestinalis and Fucus vesiculosus. The western and southern Baltic Sea exhibited the highest farming potential for these species, with promising areas also in the eastern Baltic Sea. Macroalgal farming did not induce significant nutrient limitation. The expected spatial propagation of nutrient limitation caused by macroalgal farming was less than 100-250 m. Higher propagation distances were found in areas of low nutrient and low water exchange (e.g. offshore areas in the Baltic Proper) and smaller distances in areas of high nutrient and high water exchange (e.g. western Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga). The generated maps provide the most sought-after input to support blue growth initiatives that foster the sustainable development of macroalgal cultivation and reduction of in situ nutrient loads in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, EE-11712 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Urmas Raudsepp
- Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Szava-Kovats
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Aps
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Ieva Barda
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 2, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Per Bergström
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Martyn Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH Stockholm, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hargrave
- Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, SE-45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Holger Jänes
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Patrik Kraufvelin
- Kustlaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE-74242 Öregrund, Sweden; Åland University of Applied Sciences, PB 1010, AX-221111 Mariehamn, Åland, Finland
| | - Nikolai Kovaltchouk
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peter Krost
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kulikowski
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anneliis Kõivupuu
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilmar Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liisi Lees
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sander Loite
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilja Maljutenko
- Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Göran Nylund
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paalme
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrida Purina
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 2, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Moona Rahikainen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Verena Sandow
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wouter Visch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R Barboza
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Hallberg L, Hallin S, Bieroza M. Catchment controls of denitrification and nitrous oxide production rates in headwater remediated agricultural streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156513. [PMID: 35679930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavily modified headwater streams and open ditches carry high nitrogen loads from agricultural soils that sustain eutrophication and poor water quality in downstream aquatic ecosystems. To remediate agricultural streams and reduce the export of nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus and suspended sediments, two-stage ditches with constructed floodplains can be implemented as countermeasures. By extending hydrological connectivity between the stream channel and riparian corridor within constructed floodplains, these remediated ditches enhance the removal of NO3- via the microbial denitrification process. Ten remediated ditches were paired with upstream trapezoidal ditches in Sweden across different soils and land uses to measure the capacity for denitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) production and yields under denitrifying conditions in stream and floodplain sediments. To examine the controls for denitrification, water quality was monitored monthly and flow discharge continuously along reaches. Floodplain sediments accounted for 33 % of total denitrification capacity of remediated ditches, primarily controlled by inundation and stream NO3- concentrations. Despite reductions in flow-weighted NO3- concentrations along reaches, NO3- removal in remediated ditches via denitrification can be masked by inputs of NO3--rich groundwaters, typical of intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Although N2O production rates were 50 % lower in floodplains compared to the stream, remediated ditches emitted more N2O than conventional trapezoidal ditches. Higher denitrification rates and reductions of N2O proportions were predicted by catchments with loamy soils, higher proportions of agricultural land use and lower floodplain elevations. For realizing enhanced NO3- removal from floodplains and avoiding increased N2O emissions, soil type, land use and the design of floodplains need to be considered when implementing remediated streams. Further, we stress the need for assessing the impact of stream remediation in the context of broader catchment processes, to determine the overall potential for improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hallberg
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Bieroza
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Bäckroos S, Ala-Ilomäki L, Candolin U. Habitat change alters the expression and efficiency of a female ornament. Behav Ecol 2022; 33:1133-1140. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat changes are disrupting the mate choice process in a range of organisms, with consequences for populations and communities. Research has so far focused on male sexually selected traits and female mate choice, given their conspicuousness, whereas effects on female ornaments and male mate choice have been largely overlooked. Yet, females of many species develop ornaments that males use in mate choice. These ornaments can be costly and reduce female fecundity and viability and, hence, influence population growth rate. Thus, attention should be paid to changes in female ornaments and the consequences the changes have for populations. Here, we show that declining visibility in aquatic ecosystems reduces the investment of female three-spined stickleback in a melanin-based ornament in favor of increased mate search activity. The adjustment appears adaptive as males pay less attention to the ornament under poor visibility, and as melanin-based ornaments are generally physiologically costly. It is likely that past fluctuations in visibility have promoted the evolution of environment-dependent plasticity in female ornamentation. More attention should be paid to changes in female ornaments and their adaptive value, across taxa, given the impact that female investment in ornaments can have on fecundity and population growth rate. Environments are changing at an accelerating rate because of human activities and knowledge of the responses of both males and females is needed to evaluate and predict the ultimate impact on populations and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Bäckroos
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Lea Ala-Ilomäki
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Ulrika Candolin
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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24
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Broman E, Izabel-Shen D, Rodríguez-Gijón A, Bonaglia S, Garcia SL, Nascimento FJA. Microbial functional genes are driven by gradients in sediment stoichiometry, oxygen, and salinity across the Baltic benthic ecosystem. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:126. [PMID: 35965333 PMCID: PMC9377124 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms in the seafloor use a wide range of metabolic processes, which are coupled to the presence of functional genes within their genomes. Aquatic environments are heterogenous and often characterized by natural physiochemical gradients that structure these microbial communities potentially changing the diversity of functional genes and its associated metabolic processes. In this study, we investigated spatial variability and how environmental variables structure the diversity and composition of benthic functional genes and metabolic pathways across various fundamental environmental gradients. We analyzed metagenomic data from sediment samples, measured related abiotic data (e.g., salinity, oxygen and carbon content), covering 59 stations spanning 1,145 km across the Baltic Sea. RESULTS The composition of genes and microbial communities were mainly structured by salinity plus oxygen, and the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio for specific metabolic pathways related to nutrient transport and carbon metabolism. Multivariate analyses indicated that the compositional change in functional genes was more prominent across environmental gradients compared to changes in microbial taxonomy even at genus level, and indicate functional diversity adaptation to local environments. Oxygen deficient areas (i.e., dead zones) were more different in gene composition when compared to oxic sediments. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights how benthic functional genes are structured over spatial distances and by environmental gradients and resource availability, and suggests that changes in, e.g., oxygenation, salinity, and carbon plus nitrogen content will influence functional metabolic pathways in benthic habitats. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dandan Izabel-Shen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Gijón
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bonaglia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarahi L. Garcia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco J. A. Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Schaeffer BA, Urquhart E, Coffer M, Salls W, Stumpf RP, Loftin KA, Werdell PJ. Satellites quantify the spatial extent of cyanobacterial blooms across the United States at multiple scales. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2022; 140:1-14. [PMID: 36425672 PMCID: PMC9680831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) frequency, extent, and magnitude have increased globally over the past few decades. However, little quantitative capability is available to assess these metrics of cyanoHABs across broad geographic scales and at regular intervals. Here, the spatial extent was quantified from a cyanobacteria algorithm applied to two European Space Agency satellite platforms-the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) onboard Envisat and the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3. CyanoHAB spatial extent was defined for each geographic area as the percentage of valid satellite pixels that exhibited cyanobacteria above the detection limit of the satellite sensor. This study quantified cyanoHAB spatial extent for over 2,000 large lakes and reservoirs across the contiguous United States (CONUS) during two time periods: 2008-2011 via MERIS and 2017-2020 via OLCI when cloud-, ice-, and snow-free imagery was available. Approximately 56% of resolvable lakes were glaciated, 13% were headwater, isolated, or terminal lakes, and the rest were primarily drainage lakes. Results were summarized at national-, regional-, state-, and lake-scales, where regions were defined as nine climate regions which represent climatically consistent states. As measured by satellite, changes in national cyanoHAB extent did have a strong increase of 6.9% from 2017 to 2020 (|Kendall's tau (τ)| = 0.56; gamma (γ) = 2.87 years), but had negligible change (|τ| = 0.03) from 2008 to 2011. Two of the nine regions had moderate (0.3 ≤ |τ| < 0.5) increases in spatial extent from 2017 to 2020, and eight of nine regions had negligible (|τ| < 0.2) change from 2008 to 2011. Twelve states had a strong or moderate increase from 2017 to 2020 (|τ| ≥ 0.3), while only one state had a moderate increase and two states had a moderate decrease from 2008 to 2011. A decrease, or no change, in cyanoHAB spatial extent did not indicate a lack of issues related to cyanoHABs. Sensitivity results of randomly omitted daily CONUS scenes confirm that even with reduced data availability during a short four-year temporal assessment, the direction and strength of the changes in spatial extent remained consistent. We present the first set of national maps of lake cyanoHAB spatial extent across CONUS and demonstrate an approach for quantifying past and future changes at multiple spatial scales. Results presented here provide water quality managers information regarding current cyanoHAB spatial extent and quantify rates of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A. Schaeffer
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Erin Urquhart
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
| | - Megan Coffer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Wilson Salls
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Richard P. Stumpf
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East-West Highway Code N/SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
| | - Keith A. Loftin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, Kansas Water Science Center, 1217 Biltmore Drive, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - P. Jeremy Werdell
- Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
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26
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Garrison JA, Nordström MC, Albertsson J, Nascimento FJA. Temporal and spatial changes in benthic invertebrate trophic networks along a taxonomic richness gradient. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8975. [PMID: 35784047 PMCID: PMC9168554 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species interactions underlie most ecosystem functions and are important for understanding ecosystem changes. Representing one type of species interaction, trophic networks were constructed from biodiversity monitoring data and known trophic links to assess how ecosystems have changed over time. The Baltic Sea is subject to many anthropogenic pressures, and low species diversity makes it an ideal candidate for determining how pressures change food webs. In this study, we used benthic monitoring data for 20 years (1980-1989 and 2010-2019) from the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak to investigate changes in benthic invertebrate trophic interactions. We constructed food webs and calculated fundamental food web metrics evaluating network horizontal and vertical diversity, as well as stability that were compared over space and time. Our results show that the west coast of Sweden (Skagerrak) suffered a reduction in benthic invertebrate biodiversity by 32% between the 1980s and 2010s, and that the number of links, generality of predators, and vulnerability of prey have been significantly reduced. The other basins (Bothnian Sea, Baltic Proper, and Bornholm Basin) do not show any significant changes in species richness or consistent significant trends in any food web metrics investigated, demonstrating resilience at a lower species diversity. The decreased complexity of the Skagerrak food webs indicates vulnerability to further perturbations and pressures should be limited as much as possible to ensure continued ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Garrison
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | - Jan Albertsson
- Umeå Marine Sciences CentreUmeå UniversityHörneforsSweden
| | - Francisco J. A. Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Baltic Sea CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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27
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Abu NJ, Bujang JS, Zakaria MH, Zulkifly S. Use of Ulva reticulata as a growth supplement for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270604. [PMID: 35759504 PMCID: PMC9236269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass proliferation and accumulation of the green macroalga Ulva reticulata are problems in coastal areas and affect other ecosystems, such as those involving seagrasses. In the absence of any intervention, the decomposition of these macroalgae over time can disrupt the balance of recipient ecosystems. Attention has been given to the potential use of U. reticulata as a supplier of nutrients for crop species such as tomatoes as a possible solution to the buildup of this unusable seaweed species, which is usually left to decompose in affected seagrass ecosystems; this is the case in the Merambong seagrass meadow in the Sungai Pulai estuary in Gelang Patah, southwestern Johor, Malaysia. We analyzed the macro- and micronutrient contents in U. reticulata to determine nutrient availability. We also performed greenhouse studies to test the effects of crude extracts from dried U. reticulata-Extract “A” and fresh U. reticulata-Extract “B” on plant growth, total yield, and quality vine-ripened fruits. Compared to other seaweed extracts used as plant growth promoters, U. reticulata extracts have higher nitrogen (N), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) contents. The application of 30% Extracts “A” and “B” and 50% Extracts “A” and “B” significantly affected tomato plant height. However, extract concentrations that promoted plant height and hastened flowering and fruiting did not increase total fruit yields. Both treatments that positively affected tomato plant height and hastened flowering and fruiting resulted in increased contents of total soluble solids (TSS), beta-carotene, lycopene, ascorbic acid and total titratable acidity (TTA) in the vine-ripened fruits. Agronomically, the application of 5% Extracts “A” and “B”, 10%-20% Extracts “A” and “B”, and 50% Extract “A” doubled the total yield compared to those of the control, and 40% Extract “A” resulted in the highest total fruit yield. In general, tomato plants responded well to Extract “A” than Extract “B” and presented good total fruit yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Jawahir Abu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Japar Sidik Bujang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Muta Harah Zakaria
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Shahrizim Zulkifly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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28
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Pardilhó S, Cotas J, Pereira L, Oliveira MB, Dias JM. Marine macroalgae in a circular economy context: A comprehensive analysis focused on residual biomass. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:107987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Söderqvist T, Nathaniel H, Franzén D, Franzén F, Hasselström L, Gröndahl F, Sinha R, Stadmark J, Strand Å, Ingmansson I, Lingegård S, Thomas JB. Cost-benefit analysis of beach-cast harvest: Closing land-marine nutrient loops in the Baltic Sea region. AMBIO 2022; 51:1302-1313. [PMID: 34787831 PMCID: PMC8931131 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting beach-cast can help mitigate marine eutrophication by closing land-marine nutrient loops and provide a blue biomass raw material for the bioeconomy. Cost-benefit analysis was applied to harvest activities during 2009-2018 on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, highlighting benefits such as nutrient removal from the marine system and improved recreational opportunities as well as costs of using inputs necessary for harvest. The results indicate that the activities entailed a net gain to society, lending substance to continued funding for harvests on Gotland and assessments of upscaling of harvest activities to other areas in Sweden and elsewhere. The lessons learnt from the considerable harvest experience on Gotland should be utilized for developing concrete guidelines for carrying out sustainable harvest practice, paying due attention to local conditions but also to what can be generalized to a wider national and international context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Söderqvist
- Holmboe & Skarp AB, Norr Källstavägen 9, 148 96 Sorunda, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nathaniel
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Franzén
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frida Franzén
- Tyréns AB, Peter Myndes Backe 16, 118 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linus Hasselström
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajib Sinha
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Stadmark
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Box 53021, 400 14 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Strand
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Ida Ingmansson
- Tyréns AB, Peter Myndes Backe 16, 118 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Lingegård
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thomas
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Deriving Nutrient Concentrations from Sentinel-3 OLCI Data in North-Eastern Baltic Sea. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients are important elements in marine ecosystems and water quality, and have a major role in the eutrophication of water bodies. Monitoring nutrient loads is especially important for the Baltic Sea, which is especially sensitive to the eutrophication. Using optical remote sensing data in mapping total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) is challenging because these substances do not have a direct influence on the water optics that remote sensing sensors can detect. On the other hand, it would be very rewarding. In this study, more than 25,000 Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) data algorithms were tested in order to detect the TN and TP concentrations in the Estonian marine waters between 2016–2021. The TN estimations were well derived for Estonian marine waters (R2 = 0.73, RMSE = 4.87 µmolN L−1, MAPE = 14%, n = 708), while the TP estimations were weaker (R2 = 0.38, RMSE = 0.23 µmolP L−1, MAPE = 24%, n = 730). The Estonian marine waters were divided into six geographic regions in order to study the effect of regional water quality on the TN and TP retrievals. The nutrient concentrations were derived in every region when spring and summer periods were treated separately. In this study, the detection of both nutrients was more successful in more closed areas with P deficiency, while in open sea areas it was more challenging. This study shows that it is possible to estimate nutrients, especially TN, from remote sensing data. Consequently, remote sensing could provide a reliable support to the conventional monitoring by covering large marine areas with high temporal and spatial resolution data.
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31
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Inácio M, Karnauskaitė D, Gomes E, Barceló D, Pereira P. Mapping and assessment of future changes in the coastal and marine ecosystem services supply in Lithuania. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152586. [PMID: 34954181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assessing and mapping ecosystem services (ES) became an integral part of coastal and marine management practices. Hence, quantitative and validated approaches are lacking, especially to address future conditions. The objective of this study is to apply further existing and develop new methodological frameworks to quantitatively assess and map the current and future supply of 3 ES in the coastal zone of Lithuania: coastal flood protection, nutrient regulation, and maintenance of nursery conditions. For coastal flood ES modelling, 2 time periods (1990 and 2018) and 4 scenarios (A0, A1 A2, A3 - based on future socio-economic changes in Lithuania) were analysed. The coastal flood protection ES model was validated (r2 = 0.30) using tree cover density. The results showed spatial differences among the analysed periods but no statistical differences. High supply areas are located in the southern coastal area, while the central part displays a low supply. For nutrient regulation and maintenance of nursery conditions, 7 time periods were analysed: a historical period and 6 scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The nutrient regulation ES model was validated (r2 = 0.85) using in situ nutrient. Statistical differences were observed for this ES, but a similar spatial distribution of high and low supply areas. A decrease in the supply was observed comparing the historical period and future scenarios. Maintenance of nursery conditions was validated (r2 = 0.72) based on the protection status of the coastal zone. Results show no statistical differences and similar spatial patterns among the periods. Rocky and sandbank areas show a high supply for this ES. Limitations of our work are mainly related to the resolution of the utilised indicators. Nevertheless, the information obtained from our models can support spatial planning and decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Inácio
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Donalda Karnauskaitė
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eduardo Gomes
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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32
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Longobardi L, Dubroca L, Margiotta F, Sarno D, Zingone A. Photoperiod-driven rhythms reveal multi-decadal stability of phytoplankton communities in a highly fluctuating coastal environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3908. [PMID: 35273208 PMCID: PMC8913669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton play a pivotal role in global biogeochemical and trophic processes and provide essential ecosystem services. However, there is still no broad consensus on how and to what extent their community composition responds to environmental variability. Here, high-frequency oceanographic and biological data collected over more than 25 years in a coastal Mediterranean site are used to shed light on the temporal patterns of phytoplankton species and assemblages in their environmental context. Because of the proximity to the coast and due to large-scale variations, environmental conditions showed variability on the short and long-term scales. Nonetheless, an impressive regularity characterised the annual occurrence of phytoplankton species and their assemblages, which translated into their remarkable stability over decades. Photoperiod was the dominant factor related to community turnover and replacement, which points at a possible endogenous regulation of biological processes associated with species-specific phenological patterns, in analogy with terrestrial plants. These results highlight the considerable stability and resistance of phytoplankton communities in response to different environmental pressures, which contrast the view of these organisms as passively undergoing changes that occur at different temporal scales in their habitat, and show how, under certain conditions, biological processes may prevail over environmental forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Longobardi
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Laurent Dubroca
- Institut Français de Recherche Pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, IFREMER, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques de Port-en-Bessin, 14520, Port-en-Bessin-Huppain, France
| | - Francesca Margiotta
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy. .,Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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Kaiser J, Lerch M. Sedimentary faecal lipids as indicators of Baltic Sea sewage pollution and population growth since 1860 AD. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112305. [PMID: 34743904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stress on the environment is increasing as the human population living on it increases. Water eutrophication, a leading cause of impairment of many freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems in the world, is a typical consequence of anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The Baltic Sea represents an excellent example of eutrophication-related massive bottom water deoxygenation since 1950s, when the nutrient inputs derived from agricultural fertilisers and wastewater discharges increased significantly. Faecal lipids (β-stanols) represent a tool to estimate qualitatively anthropogenic sewage pollution in the environment. The present study shows that a ratio to evaluate sewage pollution based on faecal β-stanols preserved in modern sediments reflects the eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea and rivers from its catchment area, as well as the nutrient inputs in the central Baltic Sea since 1860. A second ratio, which allows differentiating between livestock breed and human faecal matter, reflects human population growth in the Baltic Sea Eastern European countries since 1860, and more specifically in St. Petersburg. Sedimentary faecal biomarkers are thus reliable indicators for both population growth and anthropogenic sewage pollution in the Baltic Sea, and may thus be useful to evaluate the past and present status of this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Kaiser
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Seestrasse 15, 18119, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany.
| | - Mathias Lerch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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Pardilhó S, Boaventura R, Almeida M, Dias JM. Marine macroalgae waste: A potential feedstock for biogas production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114309. [PMID: 34933268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, marine macroalgae waste, mainly composed by Saccorhiza polyschides, was collected from a beach in northern Portugal and evaluated as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Batch experiments (500 mL flasks, 300 mL working volume) were conducted at the following conditions: mesophilic temperature (37 °C); 80 rpm stirring speed; 150 mL inoculum (anaerobically digested sludge) and variable total solids content (0.9, 1.7, 2.5 and 3.5% TS). Methane concentration and volume of biogas obtained were monitored during up to 57 days by optical sensors and milligascounters, respectively. The results show that an increase in total solids content up to 2.5% TS led to the highest biogas volume and methane concentration. The maximum biogas yield was 227 ± 4 mL/g VS (2.5% TS, 53 operation days), with the maximum methane content in the biogas being 64.5 ± 0.6% (51 operation days). A maximum methane yield of 146 ± 2 mL/g VS was consequently estimated. At the end of the process (57 days), an average of 43% COD reduction and 46% VS reduction were observed. These results correspond to about 27% of the theoretical maximum methane production. Using 3.5% TS the inhibition of the process was observed, by the decrease in pH, most likely due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The results indicate that marine macroalgae waste may be a good candidate as substrate for anaerobic digestion processes, most probably by co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pardilhó
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Almeida
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Maia Dias
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Callesen GM, Pedersen SM, Carolus J, Johannesdottir S, López JM, Kärrman E, Hjerppe T, Barquet K. Recycling Nutrients and Reducing Carbon Emissions in the Baltic Sea Region-Sustainable or Economically Infeasible? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 69:213-225. [PMID: 34542659 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecotechnologies have the potential to reduce the use of finite resources while providing a variety of co-benefits to society, though they often lack in market competitiveness. In this study, we investigate the sustainability of ecotechnologies for recovering carbon and nutrients, and demonstrate how a so-called "bottom-up" approach can serve as a decision-making instrument. Based on three case study catchments with a focus on domestic wastewater in Sweden and Poland, and on manure, grass and blackwater substrates in Finland, we apply a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) on system alternatives derived from a participatory process. After drawing on an initial systematic mapping of relevant ecotechnologies, the scope of the CBA is determined by stakeholder suggestions, namely in terms of the considered assessment criteria, the physical impacts and the utilised data. Thus, this CBA is rooted in a localised consideration of ecotechnologies rather than a centralised governmental approach to systems boundaries. The key advantage of applying such a bottom-up approach is that it has gone through a robust participatory selection process by local stakeholders, which provides more legitimacy to the decisions reached compared with traditional feasibility studies. Despite considering the revenues of the recovered products as well as the provision of the non-market goods CO2 mitigation and reduced eutrophication, findings from this study indicate that the benefits of the considered ecotechnologies are often outweighed by their costs. Only anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes appears to be economically feasible under the current conditions, highlighting that further efforts and incentives may be required to mainstream ecotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Marquard Callesen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Marcus Pedersen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Johannes Carolus
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, Bundesallee 63, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jesica Murcia López
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Erik Kärrman
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Ultunaallén 4, SE-75651, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Turo Hjerppe
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Freshwater Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karina Barquet
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, 104 51, Stockholm, Sweden
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Umehara A, Borja Á, Ishida A, Nakai S, Nishijima W. Responses of the benthic environment to reduction in anthropogenic nutrient loading in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan), based on M-AMBI assessment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 173:105509. [PMID: 34753050 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of the sediment environment and benthic ecosystem is an undesirable effect of eutrophication, but little is known about the response of macrobenthic communities to eutrophication and their long-term recovery. In the present study, temporal changes in benthic ecological status, associated with reductions in anthropogenic impacts on a largest semi-enclosed sea in Japan, were determined using long-term monitoring data from water and sediment quality based on the multivariate AZTI Marine Biotic Index (M-AMBI), focusing on spatial differences in anthropogenic impacts. Several sub-areas were classified based on Chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentrations in surface water during the 1980s. Chl.a concentrations decreased in all sub-areas except the sub-area with <2 μg Chl.a L-1 from the 1990s-2010s. On the other hand, total organic carbon contents in sediment decreased and M-AMBI values increased in all sub-areas during this period may be due to reduced lateral organic matter advection from surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Umehara
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8513, Japan.
| | - Ángel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia Portualdea S/n, 20100, Pasaia, Spain; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akiyuki Ishida
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakai
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishijima
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8513, Japan
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Sanyal A, Larsson J, van Wirdum F, Andrén T, Moros M, Lönn M, Andrén E. Not dead yet: Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:67-82. [PMID: 34648178 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Understanding the adaptive capacities of species over long timescales lies in examining the revived recent and millennia-old resting spores buried in sediments. We show for the first time the revival, viability, and germination rate of resting spores of the diatom Chaetoceros deposited in sub-seafloor sediments from three ages (recent: 0 to 80 years; ancient: ~1250 (Medieval Climate Anomaly) and ~6600 (Holocene Thermal Maximum) calendar year before present. METHODS Recent and ancient Chaetoceros spores were revived to examine their viability and germination rate. Light and scanning electron microscopy and Sanger sequencing was done to identify the species. RESULTS We show that ~6600 cal. year BP old Chaetoceros resting spores are still viable and that the vegetative reproduction in recent and ancient resting spores varies. The time taken to germinate is three hours to 2 to 3 days in both recent and ancient spores, but the germination rate of the spores decreased with increasing age. The germination rate of the recent spores was ~41% while that of the ancient spores were ~31% and ~12% for the ~1250 and ~6600 cal. year BP old resting spores, respectively. Based on the morphology of the germinated vegetative cells we identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum. Sanger sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri. CONCLUSIONS We identify a unique model system, Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum and show that recent and ancient resting spores of the species buried in sediments in the Baltic Sea can be revived and used for long-term evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Sanyal
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefine Larsson
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Falkje van Wirdum
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Andrén
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Moros
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, DE-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mikael Lönn
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elinor Andrén
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jakubavičiūtė E, Candolin U. Density-dependent behavioural interactions influence coexistence between a native and a non-native mesopredator. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe invasion of non-native species into an ecosystem can markedly alter the structure and functioning of the system. Yet, we have limited knowledge of the factors that determine invasion success. Behavioural interactions have been suggested as critical determinants of invasion success in animals, but the exact mechanisms are less well known. We investigated if density-dependent behavioural interactions could have facilitated the invasion of the shrimp Palaemon elegans into the spawning habitat of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Baltic Sea. This was done by manipulating the densities of the two species in mesocosms. We found the stickleback to dominate behaviourally over the shrimp through higher aggression, but that the impact on the shrimp was density-dependent; a high density of sticklebacks increased aggressive interactions, which caused the shrimps to decrease their activity and restrict their habitat use to dense vegetation, while a low density of sticklebacks had no impact on the distribution and activity of the shrimps. The density of the shrimps had no impact on stickleback behaviour. These results suggest that the present density of the stickleback has allowed the invasion of the shrimp into the habitat. However, a current increase in stickleback abundance caused by human-induced ecological disturbances could limit the further expansion of the shrimp. Thus, our results indicate that a behavioural mechanism–density-dependent aggression–can influence invasion success and subsequent population expansion. At a broader level, our results stress the importance of considering density-dependent behavioural interactions when investigating the mechanisms behind invasion success.
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Christensen BT, Pedersen BF, Olesen JE, Eriksen J. Land-use and agriculture in Denmark around year 1900 and the quest for EU Water Framework Directive reference conditions in coastal waters. AMBIO 2021; 50:1882-1893. [PMID: 33738728 PMCID: PMC8363705 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to protect the ecological status of coastal waters. To establish acceptable boundaries between good and moderate ecological status, the WFD calls for reference conditions practically undisturbed by human impact. For Denmark, the nitrogen (N) concentrations present around year 1900 have been suggested to represent reference conditions. As the N load of coastal waters relates closely to runoff from land, any reduction in load links to agricultural activity. We challenge the current use of historical N balances to establish WFD reference conditions and initiate an alternative approach based on parish-level land-use statistics collected 1896/1900 and N concentrations in root zone percolates from experiments with year 1900-relevant management. This approach may be more widely applicable for landscapes with detailed historic information on agricultural activity. Using this approach, we find an average N concentration in root zone percolates that is close to that of current agriculture. Thus, considering Danish coastal waters to be practically unaffected by human activity around year 1900 remains futile as 75% of the land area was subject to agricultural activity with a substantial potential for N loss to the environment. It appears unlikely that the ecological state of coastal waters around year 1900 may serve as WFD reference condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent T. Christensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Birger F. Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E. Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Eriksen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Candolin U, Jensen I. Phenotypic plasticity in courtship exposed to selection in a human-disturbed environment. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2392-2401. [PMID: 34745333 PMCID: PMC8549619 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When environments change rapidly, evolutionary processes may be too slow to rescue populations from decline. Persistence then hinges on plastic adjustments of critical traits to the altered conditions. However, the degree to which species harbour the necessary plasticity and the degree to which the plasticity is exposed to selection in human-disturbed environments are poorly known. We show that a population of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) harbours variation in plasticity in male courtship behaviour, which is exposed to selection when visibility deteriorates because of enhanced algal growth. Females in clear water show no preference for plastic males, while females in algal-rich, turbid water switch their mate preference towards males with adaptive plasticity. Thus, while the plasticity is not selected for in the original clear water environment, it comes under selection in turbid water. However, much maladaptive plasticity is present in the population, probably because larger turbidity fluctuations have been rare in the past. Thus, the probability that the plasticity will improve the ability of the population to cope with human-induced increases in turbidity-and possibly facilitate genetic adaptation-depends on its prevalence and genetic basis. In conclusion, our results show that rapid human-induced environmental change can expose phenotypic plasticity to selection, but that much of the plasticity can be maladaptive, also when the altered conditions represent extremes of earlier encountered conditions. Thus, whether the plasticity will improve population viability remains questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Candolin
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Irene Jensen
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Topcu D, Brockmann U. Consistency of thresholds for eutrophication assessments, examples and recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:677. [PMID: 34590176 PMCID: PMC8481207 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
International harmonisation of management goals for eutrophication processes in coastal waters, requiring reduction of discharges and depositions of nutrients and organic matter, needs coordinated assessments and measures. This is especially necessary in open areas, connected by currents and mixing processes with trans-boundary exchanges. Management goals, defined nationally as local thresholds for nutrients and chlorophyll-a, had been applied recently (2006-2014) within international eutrophication assessments in the North Sea (OSPAR) and Baltic Sea (HELCOM). Consistency of thresholds for nitrogen nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentrations is tested by mixing diagrams and correlations between nitrogen nutrients (total and inorganic nitrogen) and chlorophyll-a. Results indicate mean consistent relations, but single deviations as in the continental coastal water of the North Sea surpassed means by a factor up to 5 for chlorophyll-a in relation to inorganic nitrogen. Thresholds differed across national borders significantly. Correlations of thresholds and assed data reflect the degree of regional deviations by comparison. Consistency of regionally applied thresholds can be achieved stepwise, by application of regionally correlated means, by adaptation to mixing and parameter relations, and finally by relations of thresholds to natural background concentrations. By this, consistency of international assessments can be improved generally, allowing coordinated management of open coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Topcu
- Dept. Biogeochemistry, Institute for Geology, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - U Brockmann
- Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
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Bossier S, Nielsen JR, Almroth-Rosell E, Höglund A, Bastardie F, Neuenfeldt S, Wåhlström I, Christensen A. Integrated ecosystem impacts of climate change and eutrophication on main Baltic fishery resources. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lin M, Qiao J, Hou X, Dellwig O, Steier P, Hain K, Golser R, Zhu L. 70-Year Anthropogenic Uranium Imprints of Nuclear Activities in Baltic Sea Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8918-8927. [PMID: 34105953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A strongly stratified water structure and a densely populated catchment make the Baltic Sea one of the most polluted seas. Understanding its circulation pattern and time scale is essential to predict the dynamics of hypoxia, eutrophication, and pollutants. Anthropogenic 236U and 233U have been demonstrated as excellent transient tracers in oceanic studies, but unclear input history and inadequate long-term monitoring records limit their application in the Baltic Sea. From two dated Baltic sediment cores, we obtained high-resolution records of anthropogenic uranium imprints originating from three major human nuclear activities throughout the Atomic Era. Using the novel 233U/236U signature, we distinguished and quantified 236U inputs from global fallout (45.4-52.1%), Chernobyl accident (0.3-1.8%), and discharges from civil nuclear industries (46.1-54.3%) to the Baltic Sea. We estimated the total release of 233U (7-15 kg) from the atmospheric nuclear weapon testing and pinpointed the 233U peak signal in the mid-to-late 1950s as a potential time marker for the onset of the Anthropocene Epoch. This work also provides fundamental 236U data on Chernobyl accident and early discharges from civil nuclear facilities, prompting worldwide 233U-236U tracer studies. We anticipate our data to be used in a broader application in model-observation interdisciplinary research on water circulation and pollutant dynamics in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jixin Qiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Olaf Dellwig
- Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, IOW, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Steier
- VERA Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Isotope Physics, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hain
- VERA Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Isotope Physics, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Golser
- VERA Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Isotope Physics, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Liuchao Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Holmerin I, Kiel Jensen L, Hevrøy T, Bradshaw C. Trophic Transfer of Radioactive Micronutrients in a Shallow Benthic Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1694-1705. [PMID: 33620102 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the most polluted seas in the world, with widespread eutrophication and radionuclide contamination. Using key species of the Baltic Sea, the effects of eutrophication on uptake and trophic transfer of the radioactive micronutrients commonly found in nuclear power plant effluents were investigated experimentally using the brown macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and the grazers Idotea balthica and Theodoxus fluviatilis in a controlled environment. Rapid uptake of 54 Mn, 57 Co, and 65 Zn from water was observed in all biota; and eutrophication combined with grazing pressure strongly influenced the uptake in F. vesiculosus. Uptake of 54 Mn, 57 Co, and 65 Zn to I. balthica and T. fluviatilis grazing on F. vesiculosus were also observed. The results indicate that ecosystems could be open for further trophic transfer as radionuclides accumulate quickly in the producers and are transferred to primary consumers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1694-1705. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isak Holmerin
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | | | - Tanya Hevrøy
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Oslo, Norway
- CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity, Ås, Norway
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Stockholm University, Sweden
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45
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Jama-Rodzeńska A, Białowiec A, Koziel JA, Sowiński J. Waste to phosphorus: A transdisciplinary solution to P recovery from wastewater based on the TRIZ approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112235. [PMID: 33721761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limited yet essential resource. P cannot be replaced, but it can be recovered from waste. We proposed the TRIZ approach (Teoria reszenija izobretatielskich zadacz - Rus., Theory of Inventive Problem Solving - Eng.) to identify a feasible solution. We aimed at minimizing the environmental impact and, by eliminating contradictions, proposed viable technical solutions. P recovery can be more sustainable based on circular economy and 4Rs (reduction, recovery, reuse, and recycling). The TRIZ approach identified sewage sludge (SS) as waste with a large potential for P recovery (up to 90%). Successful selection and application of SS management and P recovery require a transdisciplinary approach to overcome the various socio-economic, environmental, technical, and legal aspects. The review provides an understanding of principles that must be taken to improve understanding of the whole process of P recovery from wastewater while building on the last two decades of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jama-Rodzeńska
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24a Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630, Wrocław, Poland; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 4350 Elings Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 4350 Elings Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Józef Sowiński
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24a Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
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46
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Solaun O, Rodríguez JG, Menchaca I, López-García E, Martínez E, Zonja B, Postigo C, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Borja Á, Manzanos A, Larreta J. Contaminants of emerging concern in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence and risk assessment for a better monitoring and management decisions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142765. [PMID: 33077229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The study of the presence in the aquatic environment of certain substances considered as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) is a preliminary step to the analysis of the possible harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems and the establishment of the corresponding environmental quality standards. In order to monitor the occurrence of CECs in the aquatic environment, the European Commission established in 2015 and 2018 two watch-list of substances for Union-wide monitoring in the field of water policy (Decision (EU) 2015/495 and Decision (EU) 2018/840). In the coast of the Basque Country, southeast of the Bay of Biscay, 19 of these watch list substances were monitored quarterly from May 2017 to March 2019. Water samples were collected at the effluent of three wastewater treatment plants and five control points associated with receiving waters (transitional and coastal water bodies). The most frequently quantified substances were azithromycin (91%), imidacloprid (82%), clarithromycin (80%), diclofenac (78%) and erythromycin (73%), with frequencies of quantification higher in wastewaters (83-100%) than in receiving waters (70-85%). In general, concentrations in wastewater were also higher than in receiving waters, indicating a dilution effect in the environment. In receiving waters, six out of the nineteen substances monitored exceeded their respective Predicted No-Effect Concentrations: azithromycin (34%), imidacloprid (9%), 17β-estradiol (E2) (9%), clarithromycin (7%), ciprofloxacin (7%), and diclofenac (5%); and therefore, their levels could pose an environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Solaun
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain.
| | - José Germán Rodríguez
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain
| | - Iratxe Menchaca
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain
| | - Ester López-García
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bozo Zonja
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain
| | - Alberto Manzanos
- Basque Water Agency (URA), Orio 1-3, 01010, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Joana Larreta
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain
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Melillo JM. Disruption of the global nitrogen cycle: A grand challenge for the twenty-first century : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Eutrophication. AMBIO 2021; 50:759-763. [PMID: 33534057 PMCID: PMC7982378 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the global nitrogen cycle by humans results primarily from activities associated with food and energy production. Since the middle of the twentieth century, human activities have more than doubled inputs of nitrogen to the Earth's ecosystems. This new nitrogen is in chemically and biologically active forms (reactive N) and moves through the environment causing an array of health and environmental problems. Research published in Ambio for the past three decades has been documenting this major global-scale problem and has catalyzed the formation of a science-led initiative, the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI), which has informed policies to manage the global nitrogen cycle. Currently, gaps and opportunities in nitrogen pollution policies still exist and require new interdisciplinary science to help to place the nitrogen management challenge in the context of the other environmental grand challenges of our time including climate change and biodiversity loss because their solutions will be interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
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48
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Bonsdorff E. Eutrophication: Early warning signals, ecosystem-level and societal responses, and ways forward : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Eutrophication. AMBIO 2021; 50:753-758. [PMID: 33537960 PMCID: PMC7982367 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, i.e. nutrient over-enrichment, has been a topic for academic and societal debate for the past five decades both on land and in aquatic systems fed by nutrients as diffuse loading from agricultural lands and as wastewater from industrial and municipal point-sources. The use of nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) in excess became a problem with the onset of large-scale production and use of artificial fertilizers after World War II, and the effects on the aquatic environment became obvious some two to three decades later. In this Perspective, four seminal papers on eutrophication are discussed in light of the current knowledge of the problem, including future perspectives and outlooks in the light of global climate change and the demand for science-based holistic ecosystem-level policies and management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bonsdorff
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, 20500, Turku, Finland.
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Fresne M, Jordan P, Fenton O, Mellander PE, Daly K. Soil chemical and fertilizer influences on soluble and medium-sized colloidal phosphorus in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142112. [PMID: 33254851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloid-facilitated transport can be important for preferential transfer of phosphorus (P) through the soil profile to groundwater and may in part explain elevated P concentrations in surface water during baseflow and particularly high flow conditions. To investigate the potential for colloidal P (Pcoll) mobilisation in soils, this study assessed the role of soil chemical properties and P fertilizer type on medium-sized soil Pcoll (200-450 nm) and its association with soil solution soluble bioavailable P (<450 nm). Hillslope soils from three agricultural catchments were sampled and untreated and treated (cattle slurry and synthetic fertilizer) subsamples were incubated. Soil supernatants were analysed for P and soil Water Dispersible Colloids (WDC) were extracted for analysis of P and P-binding materials. Soils physicochemical properties including degree of P saturation (DPS) and P sorption properties were determined. Results indicated that medium-sized Pcoll was mostly unreactive P associated to some extent to amorphous forms of Fe. Medium-sized Pcoll concentrations correlated negatively with soil maximum P sorption capacity and soluble P concentrations increased with increasing DPS. In soil with low sorption properties, cattle slurry increased soluble P concentrations by 0.008-0.013 mg l-1 and DPS but did not influence medium-sized Pcoll. Synthetic fertilizer increased medium-sized reactive Pcoll by 0.011 mg l-1 (0.088 mg kg-1 soil) and DPS in a soil with lower DPS whereas it decreased it by 0.005 mg l-1 (0.040 mg kg-1 soil) in a soil with higher DPS. Additional soil parameters (M3-Fe, M3-Al, M3-P, and DPS) should be included in soil testing, especially in Cambisol/Podzol soils, to identify critical areas where risks of Pcoll mobilisation are important. Further research should include the roles of finer colloidal and nanoparticulate (<200 nm) soil P fractions and soluble P to inform understanding of plant uptake and assess environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Fresne
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland; Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland; School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
| | - Phil Jordan
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Owen Fenton
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland; Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Karen Daly
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
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50
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Blenckner T, Möllmann C, Stewart Lowndes J, Griffiths JR, Campbell E, De Cervo A, Belgrano A, Boström C, Fleming V, Frazier M, Neuenfeldt S, Niiranen S, Nilsson A, Ojaveer H, Olsson J, Palmlöv CS, Quaas M, Rickels W, Sobek A, Viitasalo M, Wikström SA, Halpern BS. The Baltic Health Index (BHI): Assessing the social–ecological status of the Baltic Sea. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Möllmann
- Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Julia Stewart Lowndes
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Jennifer R. Griffiths
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia WA USA
| | | | - Andrea De Cervo
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andrea Belgrano
- Institute of Marine Research Department of Aquatic Resources Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Lysekil Sweden
- Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment (SIME) University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Vivi Fleming
- Finnish Environment Institute SYKE Helsinki Finland
| | - Melanie Frazier
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Stefan Neuenfeldt
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Susa Niiranen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Henn Ojaveer
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
- Pärnu College University of Tartu Pärnu Estonia
| | - Jens Olsson
- Institute of Coastal Research Department of Aquatic Resources Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Öregrund Sweden
| | | | - Martin Quaas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Anna Sobek
- Department of Environmental Science Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | | | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
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