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Holthuijsen DDB, van Roekel EH, Bours MJL, Ueland PM, Breukink SO, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Keulen ETP, Brezina S, Gigic B, Peoples AR, Ulrich CM, Ulvik A, Weijenberg MP, Eussen SJPM. Longitudinal associations of plasma kynurenines and ratios with fatigue and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1172-1190. [PMID: 38783597 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fatigue is prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, impacting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Inflammation-induced activation of the kynurenine pathway may play a role in cancer-related fatigue and HRQoL, but evidence is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of plasma tryptophan, kynurenines, and ratios with fatigue and HRQoL in CRC survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Repeated measurements at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment were performed in 249 stage I-III CRC survivors. Plasma tryptophan and eight kynurenines were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Fatigue and HRQoL outcomes were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Confounder-adjusted linear mixed models were conducted to analyze longitudinal associations, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Higher tryptophan (Trp), kynurenic acid (KA), and xanthurenic acid (XA) concentrations, as well as a higher kynurenic acid-to-quinolinic acid ratio (KA/QA), were associated with less fatigue and better functioning, while a higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and 3-hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr) were associated with more fatigue and worse functioning. Finally, higher KA and XA concentrations and a higher KA/QA ratio were associated with a higher overall HRQoL summary score, while a higher HKr was associated with a lower overall HRQoL summary score. In conclusion, we observed that tryptophan and several kynurenines were longitudinally associated with fatigue and HRQoL in CRC survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Future research is needed to validate our findings and explore the potential of the kynurenine pathway as intervention target for reducing fatigue and enhancing HRQoL after CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle D B Holthuijsen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stéphanie O Breukink
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryska L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Eric T P Keulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Sittard-Geleen, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Stone TW, Darlington LG, Badawy AAB, Williams RO. The Complex World of Kynurenic Acid: Reflections on Biological Issues and Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9040. [PMID: 39201726 PMCID: PMC11354734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been unequivocally established that kynurenic acid has a number of actions in a variety of cells and tissues, raising, in principle, the possibility of targeting its generation, metabolism or sites of action to manipulate those effects to a beneficial therapeutic end. However, many basic aspects of the biology of kynurenic acid remain unclear, potentially leading to some confusion and misinterpretations of data. They include questions of the source, generation, targets, enzyme expression, endogenous concentrations and sites of action. This essay is intended to raise and discuss many of these aspects as a source of reference for more balanced discussion. Those issues are followed by examples of situations in which modulating and correcting kynurenic acid production or activity could bring significant therapeutic benefit, including neurological and psychiatric conditions, inflammatory diseases and cell protection. More information is required to obtain a clear overall view of the pharmacological environment relevant to kynurenic acid, especially with respect to the active concentrations of kynurenine metabolites in vivo and changed levels in disease. The data and ideas presented here should permit a greater confidence in appreciating the sites of action and interaction of kynurenic acid under different local conditions and pathologies, enhancing our understanding of kynurenic acid itself and the many clinical conditions in which manipulating its pharmacology could be of clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Worthing Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing BN11 2DH, UK
| | - Abdulla A.-B. Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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Al-Qahtani Z, Al-Kuraishy HM, Ali NH, Elewa YHA, Batiha GES. Kynurenine pathway in type 2 diabetes: Role of metformin. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22243. [PMID: 39129450 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The Kynurenine pathway (KP) which is involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from tryptophan (Trp) is intricate in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inflammatory reactions in response to cardiometabolic disorders can induce the development of IR through the augmentation of KP. However, kynurenine (KYN), a precursor of kynurenic acid (KA) is increased following physical exercise and involved in the reduction of IR. Consequently, KP metabolites KA and KYN have anti-diabetogenic effects while other metabolites have diabetogenic effects. KP modulators, either inhibitors or activators, affect glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in T2D in a bidirectional way, either protective or detrimental, that is not related to the KP effect. However, metformin through inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways can reduce the activation of KP in T2D. These findings indicated a strong controversy regarding the role of KP in T2D. Therefore, the objectives of this mini review were to clarify how KP induces the development of IR and T2D. In addition, this review aimed to find the mechanistic role of antidiabetic drug metformin on the KP, and how KP modulators affect the pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainah Al-Qahtani
- Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Section, College of Medicine, King Khaled university, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Naif H Ali
- Department of internal medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
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Knapskog AB, Edwin TH, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, Fang EF, Eldholm RS, Halaas NB, Giil LM, Saltvedt I, Watne LO, Aksnes M. Sex-specific associations of kynurenic acid with neopterin in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:167. [PMID: 39068471 PMCID: PMC11282793 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in neuroinflammation could contribute to women's increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), providing rationale for exploring sex-specific AD biomarkers. In AD, dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) contributes to neuroinflammation and there is some evidence of sex differences in KP metabolism. However, the sex-specific associations between KP metabolism and biomarkers of AD and neuroinflammation need to be explored further. METHODS Here we investigate sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of seven KP metabolites and sex-specific associations with established AD biomarkers and neopterin, an indicator of neuroinflammation. This study included 311 patients with symptomatic AD and 105 age-matched cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls, followed for up to 5 years. RESULTS We found sex differences in KP metabolites in the AD group, with higher levels of most metabolites in men, while there were no sex differences in the CU group. In line with this, more KP metabolites were significantly altered in AD men compared to CU men, and there was a trend in the same direction in AD women. Furthermore, we found sex-specific associations between kynurenic acid and the kynurenic acid/quinolinic acid ratio with neopterin, but no sex differences in the associations between KP metabolites and clinical progression. DISCUSSION In our cohort, sex differences in KP metabolites were restricted to AD patients. Our results suggest that dysregulation of the KP due to increased inflammation could contribute to higher AD risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Holt Edwin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre On Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathalie Bodd Halaas
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse M Giil
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, 5892, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Mari Aksnes
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315, Oslo, Norway.
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Arto C, Rusu EC, Clavero-Mestres H, Barrientos-Riosalido A, Bertran L, Mahmoudian R, Aguilar C, Riesco D, Chicote JU, Parada D, Martínez S, Sabench F, Richart C, Auguet T. Metabolic profiling of tryptophan pathways: Implications for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14279. [PMID: 38940215 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The rise in obesity highlights the need for improved therapeutic strategies, particularly in addressing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aim to assess the role of tryptophan metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of obesity and in the different histological stages of MASLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography to quantify circulating levels of 15 tryptophan-related metabolites from the kynurenine, indole and serotonin pathways. A cohort of 76 subjects was analysed, comprising 18 subjects with normal weight and 58 with morbid obesity, these last being subclassified into normal liver (NL), simple steatosis (SS) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Then, we conducted gene expression analysis of hepatic IDO-1 and kynyrenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO). RESULTS Key findings in obesity revealed a distinct metabolic signature characterized by a higher concentration of different kynurenine-related metabolites, a decrease in indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-propionic acid, and an alteration in the serotonin pathway. Elevated tryptophan levels were associated with MASLD presence (37.659 (32.577-39.823) μM of tryptophan in NL subjects; 41.522 (38.803-45.276) μM in patients with MASLD). Overall, pathway fluxes demonstrated an induction of tryptophan catabolism via the serotonin pathway in SS subjects and into the kynurenine pathway in MASH. We found decreased IDO-1 and KMO hepatic expression in NL compared to SS. CONCLUSIONS We identified a distinctive metabolic signature in obesity marked by changes in tryptophan catabolic pathways, discernible through altered metabolite profiles. We observed stage-specific alterations in tryptophan catabolism fluxes in MASLD, highlighting the potential utility of targeting these pathways in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arto
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Sant Pau i Santa Tecla de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elena Cristina Rusu
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Helena Clavero-Mestres
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Barrientos-Riosalido
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Bertran
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Razieh Mahmoudian
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Riesco
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Ugarte Chicote
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Parada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
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van Zundert SKM, van Rossem L, Mirzaian M, Griffioen PH, Willemsen SP, van Schaik RHN, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Periconceptional Non-medical Maternal Determinants Influence the Tryptophan Metabolism: The Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict Study). Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241257816. [PMID: 38873365 PMCID: PMC11171438 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241257816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The vital role of the maternal tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in maternal health and pregnancy is well established. However, non-medical maternal determinants influencing the TRP metabolism have been poorly investigated. We hypothesise that periconceptional maternal non-medical determinants alter the TRP metabolism, affecting both kynurenine (KP) and serotonin pathway (SP) metabolite concentrations. Therefore, we investigated the influence of non-medical maternal determinants on the TRP metabolism during the periconception period. Methods About 1916 pregnancies were included from the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort between November 2010 and December 2020. Data on periconceptional non-medical maternal determinants were collected through questionnaires. Serum samples were collected at 8.5 (SD = 1.6) weeks of gestation and TRP, kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined using validated liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry. Mixed models were used to determine associations between periconceptional non-medical maternal determinants and these metabolites. Results In total 11 periconceptional non-medical maternal determinants were identified. Protein intake was positively associated with TRP (β = .12, 95% CI = 0.07-0.17), while age, energy intake and body mass index (BMI) (β = -.24, 95% CI = -0.37 to -0.10) were negatively associated with TRP. Age, BMI and total homocysteine were associated with higher KYN, whereas non-western geographical origin was associated with lower KYN (β = -.09, 95% CI = -0.16 to -0.03). Protein intake and total homocysteine (β = .07, 95% CI = 0.03-0.11) had a positive association with 5-HTP, while a negative association was found for energy intake. A non-western geographical origin and drug use were associated with higher 5-HT, and BMI with lower 5-HT (β = -6.32, 95% CI = -10.26 to -2.38). Age was positively associated with 5-HIAA (β = .92, 95% CI = 0.29-1.56), and BMI negatively. Conclusions Periconceptional non-medical maternal determinants, including age, geographical origin, drug use, energy and protein intake, BMI and total homocysteine, influence KP and SP metabolite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie KM van Zundert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenie van Rossem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H Griffioen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron HN van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Holthuijsen DDB, van Roekel EH, Bours MJL, Ueland PM, Breukink SO, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Keulen ETP, Gigic B, Gsur A, Meyer K, Ose J, Ulvik A, Weijenberg MP, Eussen SJPM. Longitudinal associations of plasma kynurenines and ratios with anxiety and depression scores in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106981. [PMID: 38335827 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors often experience neuropsychological symptoms, including anxiety and depression. Mounting evidence suggests a role for the kynurenine pathway in these symptoms due to potential neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles of involved metabolites. However, evidence remains inconclusive and insufficient in cancer survivors. Thus, we aimed to explore longitudinal associations of plasma tryptophan, kynurenines, and their established ratios with anxiety and depression in CRC survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. METHODS In 249 stage I-III CRC survivors, blood samples were collected at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment to analyze plasma concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenines using liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). At the same timepoints, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Confounder-adjusted linear mixed models were used to analyze longitudinal associations. Sensitivity analyses with false discovery rate (FDR) correction were conducted to adjust for multiple testing. RESULTS Higher plasma tryptophan concentrations were associated with lower depression scores (β as change in depression score per 1 SD increase in the ln-transformed kynurenine concentration: -0.31; 95%CI: -0.56,-0.05), and higher plasma 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid concentrations with lower anxiety scores (-0.26; -0.52,-0.01). A higher 3-hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr; the ratio of 3-hydroxykynurenine to the sum of kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, anthranilic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid) was associated with higher depression scores (0.34; 0.04,0.63) and higher total anxiety and depression scores (0.53; 0.02,1.04). Overall associations appeared to be mainly driven by inter-individual associations, which were statistically significant for tryptophan with depression (-0.60; -1.12,-0.09), xanthurenic acid with total anxiety and depression (-1.04; -1.99,-0.10), anxiety (-0.51; -1.01,-0.01), and depression (-0.56; -1.08,-0.05), and kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio with depression (-0.47; -0.93,-0.01). In sensitivity analyses, associations did not remain statistically significant after FDR adjustment. CONCLUSION We observed that plasma concentrations of tryptophan, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine ratio, and kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio tended to be longitudinally associated with anxiety and depression in CRC survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the association of plasma kynurenines with anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle D B Holthuijsen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stéphanie O Breukink
- Department of Surgery, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maryska L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Eric T P Keulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Sittard-Geleen, Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jennifer Ose
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Oxenkrug G, Forester B. Anthranilic Acid, a GPR109A Agonist, and Schizophrenia. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241239125. [PMID: 38532858 PMCID: PMC10964450 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241239125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited clinical efficiency of current medications warrants search for new antipsychotic agents. Deorphanized G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)109A has not attracted much of attention of schizophrenia researchers. We analyzed literature and our data on endogenous agonists of GPR109A, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), anthranilic (AA), butyric (BA), and nicotinic (NA) acids, in individuals with schizophrenia. Data Sex specific differences: plasma AA levels were 27% higher in female than in male patients and correlated with PANSS before 6 weeks of antipsychotics treatment (r = .625, P < .019, Spearman's test). There was no sex specific differences of plasma AA levels after treatment. AA plasma levels inversely correlated (-.58, P < .005) with PANSS scores in responders to treatment (at least, 50% improvement) but not in nonresponders. Preclinical studies suggested antipsychotic effect of BHB and BA. Clinical studies observed antipsychotic effect of NA; benzoate sodium, an AA precursor; and interventions associated with BHB upregulation (eg, fasting and ketogenic diets). Discussion Upregulation of GPR109A, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective receptor, inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), an enzyme that breakdown myelin, lipid-based insulating axonal sheath that protects and promotes nerve conduction. Brain cPLA2 is upregulated in individuals with schizophrenia and subjects at high-risk for development of psychosis. Lower myelin content is associated with cognitive decline in individuals with schizophrenia. Therefore, GPR109A might exert antipsychotic effect via suppression of cPLA2, and, consequently, preservation of myelin integrity. Future research might explore antipsychotic effects of (1) human pegylated kynureninase, an enzyme that catalyzes formation of AA from kynurenine (Kyn); (2) inhibitors of Kyn conversion into kynurenic acid, for example, KYN5356, to patients with already impaired Kyn conversion into 3-hydroxykynurenine; (3) synthetic GPR 109A agonists, for example, MK-1903 and SCH900271 and GSK256073, that underwent clinical trials as anti-dyslipidemia agents. GPR109A expression, that might be a new endophenotype of schizophrenia, especially associated with cognitive impairment, needs thorough assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Oxenkrug
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Brent Forester
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
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Hernandez N, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker ME, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Crawford ML, Grant RP, Hsia DS, Jain N, Bain JR, Armstrong S, Newgard CB, Freemark M, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Sex Differences in Branched-chain Amino Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1345-e1358. [PMID: 38066593 PMCID: PMC10940256 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance is associated with elevations in plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs compete with aromatic amino acids including tryptophan for uptake into β cells. To explore relationships between BCAAs and tryptophan metabolism, adiposity, and glucose tolerance, we compared urine metabolites in overweight/obese youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with those in nondiabetic overweight/obese and lean youth. METHODS Metabolites were measured in 24-hour and first-morning urine samples of 56 nondiabetic adolescents with overweight/obesity, 42 adolescents with T2D, and 43 lean controls, aged 12 to 21 years. Group differences were assessed by Kruskal Wallis or ANOVA. RESULTS Groups were comparable for age, pubertal status, and ethnicity. Youth with T2D were predominantly female and had highest percent body fat. BCAAs, branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs), tryptophan, and kynurenine were higher in urine of subjects with T2D. There were no differences between lean controls and nondiabetic youth with overweight/obesity. T2D was associated with diversion of tryptophan from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway, with higher urinary kynurenine/serotonin ratio and lower serotonin/tryptophan and 5-HIAA/kynurenine ratios. Urinary BCAAs, BCKAs, tryptophan, and ratios reflecting diversion to the kynurenine pathway correlated positively with metrics of body fat and hemoglobin A1c. Increases in these metabolites in the obese T2D group were more pronounced and statistically significant only in adolescent girls. CONCLUSION Increases in urinary BCAAs and BCKAs in adolescent females with T2D are accompanied by diversion of tryptophan metabolism from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway. These adaptations associate with higher risks of T2D in obese adolescent females than adolescent males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hernandez
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Megan Elizabeth Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Matthew L Crawford
- Department of Research and Development, LabCorp, Burlington, NC 27215, USA
| | - Russell P Grant
- Department of Research and Development, LabCorp, Burlington, NC 27215, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Clinical Trials Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Nina Jain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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10
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Pamart G, Gosset P, Le Rouzic O, Pichavant M, Poulain-Godefroy O. Kynurenine Pathway in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241232871. [PMID: 38495475 PMCID: PMC10943758 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241232871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the primary route for tryptophan catabolism and has received increasing attention as its association with inflammation and the immune system has become more apparent. This review provides a broad overview of the kynurenine pathway in respiratory diseases, from the initial observations to the characterization of the different cell types involved in the synthesis of kynurenine metabolites and the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms. With a focus on respiratory infections, the various attempts to characterize the kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio as an inflammatory marker are reviewed. Its implication in chronic lung inflammation and its exacerbation by respiratory pathogens is also discussed. The emergence of preclinical interventional studies targeting the kynurenine pathway opens the way for the future development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pamart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Le Rouzic
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Odile Poulain-Godefroy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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11
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Bakker L, Choe K, Eussen SJPM, Ramakers IHGB, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Rutten BPF, Verhey FRJ, Köhler S. Relation of the kynurenine pathway with normal age: A systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111890. [PMID: 38056721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kynurenine pathway (KP) is gaining more attention as a common pathway involved in age-related conditions. However, which changes in the KP occur due to normal ageing is still largely unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available evidence for associations of KP metabolites with age. METHODS We used an broad search strategy and included studies up to October 2023. RESULTS Out of 8795 hits, 55 studies were eligible for the systematic review. These studies suggest that blood levels of tryptophan decrease with age, while blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine and its ratio with tryptophan increase. Studies investigating associations between cerebrospinal fluid and blood levels of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid with age reported either positive or non-significant findings. However, there is a large heterogeneity across studies. Additionally, most studies were cross-sectional, and only few studies investigated associations with other downstream kynurenines. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that levels of kynurenines are positively associated with age. Larger and prospective studies are needed that also investigate a more comprehensive panel of KP metabolites and changes during the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HA Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Cavaleri D, Crocamo C, Morello P, Bartoli F, Carrà G. The Kynurenine Pathway in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Tryptophan and Its Catabolites. J Clin Med 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38276089 PMCID: PMC10815986 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Preliminary evidence shows that the kynurenine pathway (KP) may be altered in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the peripheral blood concentrations of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) in people with ADHD. We searched the main electronic databases up to 7th December 2023. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to compare TRYCAT concentrations between participants with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs). We included eight studies. Random-effects meta-analyses found higher kynurenine (SMD = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.04 to 1.08; p = 0.033; I2 = 90.3%) and lower kynurenic acid (SMD = -0.33; 95%CI: -0.49 to -0.17; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) concentrations in people with ADHD compared to HCs. Additional analyses on drug-free children with ADHD showed higher tryptophan (SMD = 0.31; 95%CI: 0.11 to 0.50; p = 0.002; I2 = 0%) and kynurenine (SMD = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.30 to 1.17; p < 0.001; I2 = 76.5%), as well as lower kynurenic acid (SMD = -0.37; 95%CI: -0.59 to -0.15; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) blood levels, as compared to HCs. Despite some limitations, our work provides preliminary evidence on KP alterations in ADHD that may suggest decreased neuroprotection. Further research is needed to clarify the role of the KP in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavaleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Pietro Morello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, UK
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13
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Marković M, Petronijević N, Stašević M, Stašević Karličić I, Velimirović M, Stojković T, Ristić S, Stojković M, Milić N, Nikolić T. Decreased Plasma Levels of Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid in Previously Treated and First-Episode Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2814. [PMID: 38132134 PMCID: PMC10741951 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) catabolites exert neuroactive effects, with the plethora of evidence suggesting that kynurenic acid (KYNA), a catabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP), acts as the regulator of glutamate and acetylcholine in the brain, contributing to the schizophrenia pathophysiology. Newer evidence regarding measures of KP metabolites in the blood of schizophrenia patients and from the central nervous system suggest that blood levels of these metabolites by no means could reflect pathological changes of TRP degradation in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of TRP, kynurenine (KYN) and KYNA at the acute phase and remission of schizophrenia in a prospective, case-control study of highly selected and matched schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. Our study revealed significantly decreased KYN and KYNA in schizophrenia patients (p < 0.001), irrespective of illness state, type of antipsychotic treatment, number of episodes or illness duration and no differences in the KYN/TRP ratio between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. These findings could be interpreted as indices that kynurenine pathway might not be dysregulated in the periphery and that other factors contribute to observed disturbances in concentrations, but as our study had certain limitations, we cannot draw definite conclusions. Further studies, especially those exploring other body compartments that participate in kynurenine pathway, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Marković
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Nataša Petronijević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stašević
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Ivana Stašević Karličić
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština—Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Milica Velimirović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tihomir Stojković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavica Ristić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mina Stojković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Milić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department for Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tatjana Nikolić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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14
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O'Keeffe M, Oterhals Å, Weishaupt H, Leh S, Ulvik A, Ueland PM, Halstensen A, Marti HP, Gudbrandsen OA. A diet containing cod backbone proteins attenuated the development of mesangial sclerosis and tubular dysfunction in male obese BTBR ob/ob mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3227-3240. [PMID: 37550593 PMCID: PMC10611847 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The obese black and tan, brachyuric (BTBR) ob/ob mouse spontaneously develops features comparable to human diabetic nephropathy. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate if a diet containing fish proteins would attenuate or delay the development of glomerular hypertrophy (glomerulomegaly), mesangial sclerosis and albuminuria in obese BTBR ob/ob mice. METHODS Obese BTBR.CgLepob/WiscJ male mice were fed diets containing 25% of protein from Atlantic cod backbones and 75% of protein from casein (Cod-BB group), or casein as the sole protein source (control group). Kidneys were analysed morphologically, and markers for renal dysfunction were analysed biochemically in urine and serum. RESULTS The Cod-BB diet attenuated the development of mesangial sclerosis (P 0.040) without affecting the development of glomerular hypertrophy and albuminuria. The urine concentration of cystatin C (relative to creatinine) was lower in mice fed the Cod-BB diet (P 0.0044). CONCLUSION A diet containing cod backbone protein powder attenuated the development of mesangial sclerosis and tubular dysfunction in obese BTBR ob/ob mice, but did not prevent the development of glomerular hypertrophy and albuminuria in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O'Keeffe
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hrafn Weishaupt
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Alfred Halstensen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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15
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Bakker L, Ramakers IHGB, J P M Eussen S, Choe K, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Rutten BPF, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Staals J, Ulvik A, Ueland PM, Verhey FRJ, Köhler S. The role of the kynurenine pathway in cognitive functioning after stroke: A prospective clinical study. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120819. [PMID: 37852105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kynurenine pathway is the main metabolic pathway of tryptophan degradation and has been associated with stroke and impaired cognitive functioning, but studies on its role in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) are scarce. We aimed to investigate associations between metabolites of the kynurenine pathway at baseline and post-stroke cognitive functioning over time. METHODS Baseline plasma kynurenines were quantified in 198 stroke patients aged 65.4 ± 10.8 years, 138 (69.7%) men, who were followed up over a period of three years after stroke. Baseline and longitudinal associations of kynurenines with PSCI and cognitive domain scores were investigated using linear mixed models, adjusted for several confounders. RESULTS No evidence of associations between kynurenines and odds of PSCI were found. However, considering individual cognitive domains, higher plasma levels of anthranilic acid (AA) were associated with better episodic memory at baseline (β per SD 0.16 [0.05, 0.28]). Additionally, a linear-quadratic association was found for the kynurenic acid/ quinolinic acid ratio (KA/QA), a neuroprotective index, with episodic memory (Wald χ2 = 8.27, p = .016). Higher levels of KA were associated with better processing speed in women only (pinteraction = .008; β per SD 0.15 [95% CI 0.02, 0.27]). These associations did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of KA, AA and KA/QA were associated with better scores on some cognitive domains at baseline. These associations did not change over time. Given the exploratory nature and heterogeneity of findings, these results should be interpreted with caution, and verified in other prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Bakker
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HA Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Julie Staals
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; EURON European Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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16
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Holthuijsen DDB, van Roekel EH, Bours MJL, Ueland PM, Breukink SO, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Keulen ETP, Gsur A, Kok DE, Ulvik A, Weijenberg MP, Eussen SJPM. Longitudinal associations of macronutrient and micronutrient intake with plasma kynurenines in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months posttreatment. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:865-880. [PMID: 37923499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is increasingly recognized to play a role in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after cancer. Because tryptophan is an essential amino acid, and vitamins and minerals act as enzymatic cofactors in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, a link between diet and kynurenines is plausible. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of macronutrient and micronutrient intake with metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors up to 12 mo posttreatment. METHODS In a prospective cohort of stage I-III CRC survivors (n = 247), repeated measurements were performed at 6 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo posttreatment. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake was measured by 7-d dietary records. Plasma concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenines were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Longitudinal associations were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple testing, higher total protein intake was positively associated with kynurenic acid (KA) (β as standard deviation [SD] change in KA concentration per 1 SD increase in total protein intake: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20), xanthurenic acid (XA) (standardized β: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.33), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA) (standardized β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.27) concentrations, and the kynurenic acid-to-quinolinic acid ratio (KA/QA) (standardized β: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02,0.22). In contrast, higher total carbohydrate intake was associated with lower XA concentrations (standardized β: -0.18; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.07), a lower KA/QA (standardized β: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.34, -0.13), and a higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) (standardized β: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.30). Higher fiber intake was associated with a higher KA/QA (standardized β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21) and a lower KTR (standardized β: -0.12; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.03). Higher total fat intake was also associated with higher tryptophan (Trp) concentrations (standardized β: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.30) and a lower KTR (standardized β: -0.13; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.03). For micronutrients, positive associations were observed for zinc with XA (standardized β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) (standardized β: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.20) concentrations and for magnesium with KA/QA (standardized β: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.36). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that intake of several macronutrients and micronutrients is associated with some metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in CRC survivors up to 12 mo posttreatment. These results may be relevant for enhancing HRQoL after cancer through potential diet-induced changes in kynurenines. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle D B Holthuijsen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stéphanie O Breukink
- Department of Surgery, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryska L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Eric T P Keulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Sittard-Geleen, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Kober C, Roewe J, Schmees N, Roese L, Roehn U, Bader B, Stoeckigt D, Prinz F, Gorjánácz M, Roider HG, Olesch C, Leder G, Irlbacher H, Lesche R, Lefranc J, Oezcan-Wahlbrink M, Batra AS, Elmadany N, Carretero R, Sahm K, Oezen I, Cichon F, Baumann D, Sadik A, Opitz CA, Weinmann H, Hartung IV, Kreft B, Offringa R, Platten M, Gutcher I. Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with BAY 2416964: a selective small molecule inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007495. [PMID: 37963637 PMCID: PMC10649913 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenines (KYN) by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase or tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase is a key pathway of constitutive and adaptive tumor immune resistance. The immunosuppressive effects of KYN in the tumor microenvironment are predominantly mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a cytosolic transcription factor that broadly suppresses immune cell function. Inhibition of AhR thus offers an antitumor therapy opportunity via restoration of immune system functions. METHODS The expression of AhR was evaluated in tissue microarrays of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). A structure class of inhibitors that block AhR activation by exogenous and endogenous ligands was identified, and further optimized, using a cellular screening cascade. The antagonistic properties of the selected AhR inhibitor candidate BAY 2416964 were determined using transactivation assays. Nuclear translocation, target engagement and the effect of BAY 2416964 on agonist-induced AhR activation were assessed in human and mouse cancer cells. The immunostimulatory properties on gene and cytokine expression were examined in human immune cell subsets. The in vivo efficacy of BAY 2416964 was tested in the syngeneic ovalbumin-expressing B16F10 melanoma model in mice. Coculture of human H1299 NSCLC cells, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts mimicking the human stromal-tumor microenvironment was used to assess the effects of AhR inhibition on human immune cells. Furthermore, tumor spheroids cocultured with tumor antigen-specific MART-1 T cells were used to study the antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses. The data were analyzed statistically using linear models. RESULTS AhR expression was observed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HNSCC, NSCLC and CRC. BAY 2416964 potently and selectively inhibited AhR activation induced by either exogenous or endogenous AhR ligands. In vitro, BAY 2416964 restored immune cell function in human and mouse cells, and furthermore enhanced antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses and killing of tumor spheroids. In vivo, oral application with BAY 2416964 was well tolerated, induced a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment, and demonstrated antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic cancer model in mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify AhR inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach to overcome immune resistance in various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kober
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory (D220), DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Roewe
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Roese
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Roehn
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Olesch
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory (D220), DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mine Oezcan-Wahlbrink
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory (D220), DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ankita Sati Batra
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nirmeen Elmadany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael Carretero
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Berlin, Germany
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory (D220), DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Sahm
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Oezen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Cichon
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumann
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory (D220), DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- Brain Cancer Metabolism (B350), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism (B350), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Rienk Offringa
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory (D220), DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU), Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bakker L, Köhler S, Eussen SJPM, Choe K, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Rutten BPF, Ulvik A, Ueland PM, Verhey FRJ, Ramakers IHGB. Correlations between kynurenines in plasma and CSF, and their relation to markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:312-319. [PMID: 37149106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered levels of kynurenines in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is still largely unknown whether peripheral kynurenine concentrations resemble those found in CSF and how they relate to AD pathology. We therefore studied correlations between kynurenines in plasma and CSF and their associations with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) and tau levels in patients from the memory clinic spanning the whole cognitive spectrum. METHODS The Biobank Alzheimer Center Limburg study is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients referred to the memory clinic of the Alzheimer Center Limburg. Plasma and CSF concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), eight kynurenines and neopterin from 138 patients were determined by means of LC-MS/MS. Additionally, CSF Aβ1-42, total-tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) concentrations were determined using commercially available single-parameter ELISA methods. Partial correlations were used to analyze cross-sectional associations between kynurenines in plasma and CSF and their relation to AD related CSF-biomarkers adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and kidney function. RESULTS Moderate to strong correlations were observed between plasma and CSF levels for quinolinic acid (QA; r = 0.63), TRP (r = 0.47), anthranilic acid (r = 0.59), picolinic acid (r = 0.55), and the kynurenine (KYN)/TRP ratio (KTR; r = 0.55; all p < 0.0001), while other kynurenines correlated only weakly with their corresponding CSF values. No correlations were found between plasma and CSF levels of KA/QA. Several kynurenines were also weakly correlated with Aβ1-42, t-tau or p-tau. Plasma levels of KA/QA were negatively correlated with Aβ1-42 (r = -0.21, p < 0.05). Plasma levels of TRP were negatively correlated with t-tau (r = -0.19) and levels of KYN with p-tau (r = -0.18; both p < 0.05). CSF levels of KYN (r = 0.20, p < 0.05), KA (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and KTR (r = 0.18, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with Aβ1-42. Finally, TRP and KYN were negatively (r = -0.22 and r = -0.18, respectively), and neopterin positively (r = 0.19) correlated with p-tau (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Plasma concentrations of TRP, KP metabolites, KTR, and neopterin all significantly correlated positively with their corresponding CSF concentrations, but many correlations were weak. Additionally, our results suggest a relation between higher kynurenine levels and lower AD pathology load. These results need verification in future studies and require more research into (shared) underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Bakker
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HA Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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19
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Wang ME, Hodge AM, Li SX, Southey MC, Giles GG, Dugué PA. Adiposity and plasma concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites and traditional markers of inflammation. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00028-5. [PMID: 37121824 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The kynurenine pathway is increasingly recognised to play a role in inflammation and disease. We assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of adiposity measures (body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and fat mass ratio) with plasma concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites and traditional markers of inflammation. METHODS We used data from 970 Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study participants who had plasma markers measured at baseline (median age 59 years) and follow-up (median age 70 years). Linear regression was used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between four adiposity measures and concentrations of i) nine kynurenine pathway metabolites; ii) two derived markers; iii) eight traditional inflammatory markers. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, most kynurenine metabolites were strongly associated with adiposity measures at both time points; associations were generally stronger than for most inflammation markers except CRP (e.g. body mass index at baseline, quinolinic acid (per S.D. β = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.24-0.36, P = 10-21), kynurenine (β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.19-0.31, P = 10-16) and CRP (β = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.25-0.37, P = 10-24), and remained largely unchanged after adjustment for confounders. Longitudinally, changes in adiposity measures over approximately a decade were positively associated with changes in kynurenine metabolite concentrations (in particular for 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenine and quinolinic acid), and more strongly so than for other markers of inflammation, including CRP. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged and older adults, plasma concentrations of kynurenine metabolites are strongly associated with adiposity, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Our study demonstrates that kynurenine metabolites may be valuable markers to monitor the adverse consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei E Wang
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sherly X Li
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Eggertsen PP, Hansen J, Andersen ML, Nielsen JF, Olsen RKJ, Palmfeldt J. Simultaneous measurement of kynurenine metabolites and explorative metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: A novel accurate method applied to serum and plasma samples from a large healthy cohort. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115304. [PMID: 36827735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine metabolites are emerging as promising clinical biomarkers in several diseases, especially within psychiatry. Unfortunately, they are difficult to detect, particularly the challenging neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). The aim of this study was twofold: First, to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS) for simultaneous targeted quantification of key kynurenine metabolites together with untargeted metabolomics, and second, to demonstrate the feasibility of the method by exploring serum/plasma and gender differences in 120 healthy young adults between 18 and 30 years of age. A range of analytical columns (C18 and biphenyl columns) and mobile phases (acidic and alkaline) were systematically evaluated. The optimized LC-MS method was based on a biphenyl column, a water-methanol gradient with 0.2% formic acid, and authentic isotope-labeled standards for each kynurenine metabolite. Precision and accuracy of targeted quantification of the key kynurenine metabolites tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and QUIN were excellent, far exceeding the acceptance criteria specified by international guidelines. Median inter- and intra-day precision were < 6% in serum and plasma; the median accuracy was 2.4% in serum and 8% in plasma. Serum concentrations were ≤ 10% different from the corresponding concentrations in plasma for all kynurenine metabolites in healthy young adults. Men had higher levels (8-18%) of TRP, KYN, and KYNA than women (p ≤ 0.009), while no differences were observed for 3-HK and QUIN (p > 0.70). Incurred sample reanalysis of 10% of the samples yielded a median difference < 5% from the initial measurement, demonstrating the robustness of the method. Besides the targeted quantification of key kynurenine metabolites, our method was found to be suitable for simultaneous untargeted metabolomics analyses of hundreds of metabolites. A range of compound classes could be detected including amino acids, nucleic acids, dipeptides, antioxidants, and acylcarnitines, making explorative studies highly feasible. For example, we identified an additional kynurenine metabolite, 2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, which was 47% higher in males than females (adjusted p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, in this study, we present a reliable and robust LC-MS method for simultaneous targeted and untargeted metabolomics ready for both research and clinical use. We show that both serum and plasma can be used for kynurenine studies, and the reported gender differences are in accordance with the literature. Future studies should consider using biphenyl-based LC-MS columns to successfully detect QUIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Preben Eggertsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Malene Lundfold Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Denmark
| | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Aarsland TIM, Haavik J, Ulvik A, Ueland PM, Dols A, Kessler U. The effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on serum kynurenine pathway metabolites in late-life depression. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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22
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Oxenkrug G, Navrotska V. Extension of life span by down-regulation of enzymes catalyzing tryptophan conversion into kynurenine: Possible implications for mechanisms of aging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:573-577. [PMID: 37300401 PMCID: PMC10350802 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231179411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The end products of catabolism of tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, are known to affect mechanism(s) of aging, a neurodegenerative condition. This review focuses on the possible role of the initial step of Trp catabolism, kynurenine (Kyn) formation from Trp, in aging mechanism(s). Rate-limiting enzymes of Trp conversion into Kyn are tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO) or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Aging is associated with up-regulated production of cortisol, an activator of TDO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducers of IDO. The other rate-limiting enzyme of Kyn formation from Trp is ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that regulates Trp availability as a substrate for TDO. Inhibitors of TDO (alpha-methyl tryptophan) and ABC transporter (5-methyltryptophan) extended life span of wild-type Drosophila. Life span prolongation was observed in TDO knockdown of Caenorhabditis elegans and in TDO or ABC transporter-deficient Drosophila mutants. Down-regulation of enzymes catalyzing Kyn conversion into kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine decreases life span. Considering that down-regulation of Methuselah (MTH) gene prolonged life span, aging-accelerating effect of KYNA, a GPR35/MTH agonist, might depend on MTH gene activation. Mice treated with TDO inhibitor, benserazide, an ingredient of anti-Parkinson medication carbidopa, and TDO-deficient Drosophila mutants were resistant to inducement of aging-associated Metabolic Syndrome by high-sugar or high-fat diets. Up-regulation of Kyn formation was associated with accelerated aging and increased mortality in human subjects. Trp-Kyn pathway is evolutionary conserved (from yeasts, through insects, worms, vertebrates to humans). Further studies might explore possible antiaging effect of down-regulation of Kyn formation from Trp by dietary, pharmacological, and genetic interventions.
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Kupjetz M, Patt N, Joisten N, Ueland PM, McCann A, Gonzenbach R, Bansi J, Zimmer P. The serum kynurenine pathway metabolic profile is associated with overweight and obesity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 72:104592. [PMID: 36881945 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity increase multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, disease severity, and disability progression. Kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation is present in overweight and obesity, and in MS. Since the effect of overweight and obesity on KP dysregulation in persons with MS (pwMS) remains to be established, this study primarily aims to explore the effect of overweight and obesity on the serum KP metabolic profile in pwMS. METHODS This cross-sectional study represents a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial at Valens rehabilitation clinic, Switzerland. Registration was performed on 22 April 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04356248, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04356248). The first participant was enrolled on 13 July 2020. Based on body mass index (BMI), 106 MS inpatients (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 6.5) were dichotomised to a lean group (LG, BMI < 25 kg/m2), and an overweight/obese group (OG, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was performed to determine serum concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), KP downstream metabolites, and neopterin (Neopt). Correlations between BMI, kynurenine-to-TRP ratio (KTR), and serum concentrations of TRP, KP downstream metabolites, and Neopt were calculated. ANCOVA was used to determine differences in KTR, and serum concentrations of TRP, KP downstream metabolites and Neopt between OG and LG, and across MS phenotypes. RESULTS Higher BMI correlated with higher KTR (r = 0.425, p <0.001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites, but not with EDSS score. Higher KTR (r = 0.470, p < .001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites correlated with a higher serum concentration of Neopt. The OG (n = 44, 59% female, 51.68 (9.98) years, EDSS: 4.71 (1.37)) revealed higher KTR (0.026 (0.007) vs. 0.022 (0.006), p=.001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites than the LG (n = 62, 71% female, 48.37 (9.63) years, EDSS: 4.60 (1.29)). KP metabolic profiles did not differ between MS phenotypes. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity are associated with a systemic elevation of KP metabolic flux and an accumulation of most KP downstream metabolites in pwMS. Further research is needed to clarify if KP involvement serves as a mechanism linking overweight and obesity with symptom expression, disease severity, and disability progression in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kupjetz
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Patt
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget, 9 etg, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian McCann
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget, 9 etg, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Roman Gonzenbach
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland
| | - Jens Bansi
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland; Department of Health, OST - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Farup PG, Hamarsland H, Mølmen KS, Ellefsen S, Hestad K. The Kynurenine Pathway in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Obesity, Depression and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030351. [PMID: 36986451 PMCID: PMC10053928 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Changes in tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) are observed in several disorders and coupled with pathophysiological deviations. Methods: This study retrospectively compared the KP in serum in healthy subjects (108) with subjects with obesity (141), depression (49), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (22) participating in four clinical studies and explored predictors of the changes in the KP metabolites. Results: Compared with the healthy group, the KP was upregulated in the disease groups with high kynurenine, quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenine/tryptophan-ratio and QA/xanthurenic acid-ratio and low kynurenic acid/QA-ratio. Tryptophan and xanthurenic acid were upregulated in the depressed group compared with the groups with obesity and COPD. The covariates BMI, smoking, diabetes, and C-reactive protein explained the significant differences between the healthy group and the group with obesity but not between the healthy group and the groups with depression and COPD, indicating that different pathophysiological conditions result in the same changes in the KP. Conclusions: The KP was significantly upregulated in the disease groups compared with the healthy group, and there were significant differences between the disease groups. Different pathophysiological abnormalities seemed to result in the same deviations in the KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per G. Farup
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Håvard Hamarsland
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Knut Sindre Mølmen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Knut Hestad
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
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25
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A Vegetarian Diet Significantly Changes Plasma Kynurenine Concentrations. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020391. [PMID: 36830760 PMCID: PMC9953657 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and a precursor of a number of physiologically important metabolites, including serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, and kynurenines. We assessed tryptophan, kynurenines, and vitamin B2 and B6, as well as biomarkers of liver function and inflammation, in a group of 158 female omnivores and vegetarians aged 18-40 years. The majority of women were omnivores, and 22% were vegetarians. Vegetarians had 25% lower serum ALT, significantly higher pyridoxal concentrations, and significantly lower plasma concentrations of most kynurenines, varying from 8% lower concentrations of median plasma kynurenine to 42% lower concentrations of plasma xanthurenic acid, compared to omnivores. No significant differences were observed in vitamin B2 status or in inflammation markers, C-reactive protein and neopterin between the groups. Vegetarians had lower levels of several plasma kynurenines compared to omnivores. The reason for this is unknown; however, lower ALT concentrations, suggesting a better liver status, and a more favourable vitamin B6 status might be contributing factors.
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Midttun Ø, Ulvik A, Meyer K, Zahed H, Giles GG, Manjer J, Sandsveden M, Langhammer A, Sørgjerd EP, Behndig AF, Johansson M, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Chen C, Prentice R, Stevens VL, Wang Y, Le Marchand L, Weinstein SJ, Cai Q, Arslan AA, Chen Y, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Visvanathan K, Sesso HD, Zhang X, Gaziano JM, Fanidi A, Robbins HA, Brennan P, Johansson M, Ueland PM. A cross-sectional study of inflammatory markers as determinants of circulating kynurenines in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1011. [PMID: 36653422 PMCID: PMC9849351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of metabolites (collectively called kynurenines) in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism increase during inflammation, particularly in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Neopterin and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) are IFN-γ induced inflammatory markers, and together with C-reactive protein (CRP) and kynurenines they are associated with various diseases, but comprehensive data on the strength of associations of inflammatory markers with circulating concentrations of kynurenines are lacking. We measured circulating concentrations of neopterin, CRP, tryptophan and seven kynurenines in 5314 controls from 20 cohorts in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). The associations of neopterin, KTR and CRP with kynurenines were investigated using regression models. In mixed models, one standard deviation (SD) higher KTR was associated with a 0.46 SD higher quinolinic acid (QA), and 0.31 SD higher 3-hydroxykynurenine (HK). One SD higher neopterin was associated with 0.48, 0.44, 0.36 and 0.28 SD higher KTR, QA, kynurenine and HK, respectively. KTR and neopterin respectively explained 24.1% and 16.7% of the variation in QA, and 11.4% and 7.5% of HK. CRP was only weakly associated with kynurenines in regression models. In summary, QA was the metabolite that was most strongly associated with the inflammatory markers. In general, the inflammatory markers were most strongly related to metabolites located along the tryptophan-NAD axis, which may support suggestions of increased production of NAD from tryptophan during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Midttun
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus Meyer
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malte Sandsveden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Ying Wang
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Per M Ueland
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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Benito-Lopez JJ, Marroquin-Muciño M, Perez-Medina M, Chavez-Dominguez R, Aguilar-Cazares D, Galicia-Velasco M, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. Partners in crime: The feedback loop between metabolic reprogramming and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1101503. [PMID: 36713558 PMCID: PMC9879362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly changing cellular system composed of heterogeneous populations of tumor cells and non-transformed stromal cells, such as stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, adipocytes, and innate and adaptive immune cells. Tumor, stromal, and immune cells consume available nutrients to sustain their proliferation and effector functions and, as a result of their metabolism, produce a wide array of by-products that gradually alter the composition of the milieu. The resulting depletion of essential nutrients and enrichment of by-products work together with other features of the hostile TME to inhibit the antitumor functions of immune cells and skew their phenotype to promote tumor progression. This review briefly describes the participation of the innate and adaptive immune cells in recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and how the gradual metabolic changes in the TME alter their antitumor functions. In addition, we discuss the overexpression of the immune checkpoints and their ligands as a result of nutrient deprivation and by-products accumulation, as well as the amplification of the metabolic alterations induced by the immune checkpoints, which creates an immunosuppressive feedback loop in the TME. Finally, the combination of metabolic and immune checkpoint inhibitors as a potential strategy to treat cancer and enhance the outcome of patients is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus J Benito-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Marroquin-Muciño
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Galicia-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Hagen IV, Helland A, Bratlie M, Midttun Ø, McCann A, Ulvik A, Mellgren G, Ueland PM, Gudbrandsen OA. Serum concentrations of amino acids and tryptophan metabolites are affected by consumption of a light breakfast: a clinical intervention study in adults with overweight or obesity. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 36631895 PMCID: PMC9832616 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies often investigate amino acids and their metabolites as biomarkers, but do not always consistently use fasting or non-fasting blood samples, or may lack information on the prandial status of the study participants. Since little information is available on the effects of the prandial status on many biomarkers, and since blood is typically sampled early in the day with participants in a fasting state or after having consumed a light meal in many trials, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of a light breakfast on serum concentrations of amino acids and related metabolites. METHODS Blood was collected from sixty-three healthy adults (36 women) in the fasting state and at set times for 120 min after intake of a light breakfast with low protein content (14 g protein, 2218 kJ). Relative changes in serum biomarker concentrations from fasting to postprandial serum concentrations were tested using T test. RESULTS The serum concentrations of 13 of the 20 measured amino acids were significantly changed 60 min following breakfast intake, with the most marked effects seen as increases in alanine (34%) and proline (45%) concentrations. The response did not reflect the amino acid composition of the breakfast. The concentrations of seven kynurenine metabolites were significantly decreased after breakfast. CONCLUSION Consumption of a light breakfast affected serum concentrations of several amino acids and related metabolites, underlining the importance of having information regarding the participants' prandial state at the time of blood sampling in studies including these biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02350595 (registered January 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid V. Hagen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anita Helland
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Bratlie
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Midttun
- grid.457562.7Bevital AS, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian McCann
- grid.457562.7Bevital AS, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Arve Ulvik
- grid.457562.7Bevital AS, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway ,grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M. Ueland
- grid.457562.7Bevital AS, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddrun A. Gudbrandsen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Theiler-Schwetz V, Trummer C, Grübler MR, Keppel MH, Zittermann A, Tomaschitz A, März W, Meinitzer A, Pilz S. Associations of Parameters of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020256. [PMID: 36678127 PMCID: PMC9862689 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an association of the tryptophan−kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional analysis we investigated whether TRP-KYN pathway parameters are associated with 24 h blood pressure (BP) and other risk factors in patients with arterial hypertension from a tertiary care centre. In 490 participants, we found no significant and independent association of 24 h systolic and diastolic BP with parameters of the TRP-KYN pathway. However, linear regression analyses of HDL as dependent and TRP, KYN and quinolinic acid (QUIN) as explanatory variables adjusted for BMI and sex showed significant associations. These were found for KYN, BMI and sex (unstandardised beta coefficient −0.182, standard error 0.052, p < 0.001; −0.313 (0.078), p < 0.001; −0.180 (0.024), p < 0.001, respectively) as well as for QUIN, BMI and sex (−0.157 (0.038), p < 0.001; −0.321 (0.079), p < 0.001; −0.193 (0.024), p < 0.001, respectively). Smokers had significantly lower levels of KYN (2.36 µmol/L, IQR 2.01−2.98, versus 2.71 µmol/L, IQR 2.31−3.27, p < 0.001), QUIN (384 nmol/L, IQR 303−448, versus 451 nmol/L, IQR 369−575, p < 0.001) and KYN/TRP ratio (38.2, IQR 33.7−43.2, versus 43.1, IQR 37.5−50.9, p < 0.001) compared to non-smokers. We demonstrated that TRP/KYN pathway metabolites are associated with some cardiovascular risk factors, warranting further studies to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the TRP-KYN pathway for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin R. Grübler
- Regional Hospital Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Keppel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW), Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | - Winfried März
- SYNLAB Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Lipidology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Longitudinal Associations of Adherence to the Dietary World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) Recommendations with Plasma Kynurenines in Colorectal Cancer Survivors after Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235151. [PMID: 36501181 PMCID: PMC9738623 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has been linked to cancer aetiology and survivorship, and diet potentially affects metabolites of this pathway, but evidence to date is scarce. Among 247 stage I-III CRC survivors, repeated measurements were performed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) recommendations was operationalized using seven-day dietary records. Plasma kynurenines of nine metabolites were analysed. Longitudinal associations of adherence to these dietary patterns and plasma kynurenines were analysed using confounder-adjusted linear mixed-models. In general, higher adherence to the dietary WCRF/AICR and DHD recommendations was associated with lower concentrations of kynurenines with pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and neurotoxic properties (3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) and quinolinic acid (QA)), and higher concentrations of kynurenines with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties (kynurenic acid (KA) and picolinic acid (Pic)), but associations were weak and not statistically significant. Statistically significant positive associations between individual recommendations and kynurenines were observed for: nuts with kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio (KA/QA); alcohol with KA/QA, KA, and xanthurenic acid (XA); red meat with XA; and cheese with XA. Statistically significant inverse associations were observed for: nuts with kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and hydroxykynurenine ratio; alcohol with KTR; red meat with 3-hydroxyanthranilic-to-3-hydroxykynurenine ratio; ultra-processed foods with XA and KA/QA; and sweetened beverages with KA/QA. Our findings suggest that CRC survivors might benefit from adhering to the dietary WCRF and DHD recommendations in the first year after treatment, as higher adherence to these dietary patterns is generally, but weakly associated with more favourable concentrations of kynurenines and their ratios. These results need to be validated in other studies.
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Aarsland TIM, Instanes JT, Posserud MBR, Ulvik A, Kessler U, Haavik J. Changes in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism in Patients with Depression Undergoing ECT-A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1439. [PMID: 36422569 PMCID: PMC9694349 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism generates multiple biologically active metabolites (kynurenines) that have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that modulation of kynurenine metabolism could be involved in the therapeutic effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We performed a systematic review with aims of summarizing changes in Trp and/or kynurenines after ECT and assessing methodological issues. The inclusion criterium was measures of Trp and/or kynurenines before and after ECT. Animal studies and studies using Trp administration or Trp depletion were excluded. Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and PubMed were searched, most recently in July 2022. Outcomes were levels of Trp, kynurenines and ratios before and after ECT. Data on factors affecting Trp metabolism and ECT were collected for interpretation and discussion of the reported changes. We included 17 studies with repeated measures for a total of 386 patients and 27 controls. Synthesis using vote counting based on the direction of effect found no evidence of effect of ECT on any outcome variable. There were considerable variations in design, patient characteristics and reported items. We suggest that future studies should include larger samples, assess important covariates and determine between- and within-subject variability. PROSPERO (CRD42020187003).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maj-Britt Rocio Posserud
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in the Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Are Associated with Human Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5019752. [PMID: 36312896 PMCID: PMC9616658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5019752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is implicated in aging, longevity, and immune regulation, but longitudinal studies and assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are lacking. We investigated tryptophan (Trp) and downstream kynurenine metabolites and their associations with age and change over time in four cohorts using comprehensive, targeted metabolomics. The study included 1574 participants in two cohorts with repeated metabolite measurements (mean age at baseline 58 years ± 8 SD and 62 ± 10 SD), 3161 community-dwelling older adults (age range 71-74 years), and 109 CSF donors (mean age 73 years ± 7 SD). In the first two cohorts, age was associated with kynurenine (Kyn), quinolinic acid (QA), and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (KTR), and inversely with Trp. Consistent with these findings, Kyn, QA, and KTR increased over time, whereas Trp decreased. Similarly, QA and KTR were higher in community-dwelling older adults of age 74 compared to 71, whereas Trp was lower. Kyn and QA were more strongly correlated with age in the CSF compared to serum and increased in a subset of participants with repeated CSF sampling (n = 33) over four years. We assessed associations with frailty and mortality in two cohorts. QA and KTR were most strongly associated with mortality and frailty. Our study provides robust evidence of changes in tryptophan and kynurenine metabolism with human aging and supports links with adverse health outcomes. Our results suggest that aging activates the inflammation and stress-driven kynurenine pathway systemically and in the brain, but we cannot determine whether this activation is harmful or adaptive. We identified a relatively stronger age-related increase of the potentially neurotoxic end-product QA in brain.
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Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061332. [PMID: 35740354 PMCID: PMC9220124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome’s evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
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Tan KML, Tint MT, Kothandaraman N, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Chong MFF, Eriksson JG, Cameron-Smith D. Association of plasma kynurenine pathway metabolite concentrations with metabolic health risk in prepubertal Asian children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1128-1137. [PMID: 35173282 PMCID: PMC7612806 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tryptophan-kynurenine (KYN) pathway is linked to obesity-related systemic inflammation and metabolic health. The pathway generates multiple metabolites, with little available data on their relationships to early markers of increased metabolic disease risk in children. The aim of this study was to examine the association of multiple KYN pathway metabolites with metabolic risk markers in prepubertal Asian children. METHODS Fasting plasma concentrations of KYN pathway metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 8-year-old children (n = 552) from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective mother-offspring cohort study. The child's weight and height were used to ascertain overweight and obesity using local body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile charts. Body fat percentage was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. Abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol were used for the calculation of Metabolic syndrome scores (MetS). Serum triglyceride, BMI, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and abdominal circumference were used in the calculation of the Fatty liver index (FLI). Associations were examined using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS In overweight or obese children (n = 93; 16.9% of the cohort), all KYN pathway metabolites were significantly increased, relative to normal weight children. KYN, kynurenic acid (KA), xanthurenic acid (XA), hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA) and quinolinic acid (QA) all showed significant positive associations with body fat percentage (B(95% CI) = 0.32 (0.22,0.42) for QA), HOMA-IR (B(95% CI) = 0.25 (0.16,0.34) for QA), and systolic blood pressure (B(95% CI) = 0.14(0.06,0.22) for QA). All KYN metabolites except 3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) significantly correlated with MetS (B (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.21,0.37) for QA), and FLI (B (95% CI) = 0.30 (0.21,0.39) for QA). CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma concentrations of KYN pathway metabolites are associated with obesity and with increased risk for metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in prepubertal Asian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mei-Ling Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Narasimhan Kothandaraman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University of Southampton Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute (KTPCMI), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Perinatal Audit and Epidemiology, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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The Peripheral Kynurenine Pathway and Psychosomatic Comorbidity in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in various disorders, but little is known about the KP and psychosomatic complaints. The aim was to study the peripheral KP and psychosomatic comorbidity in subjects with morbid obesity. Methods: Psychosomatic comorbidity (perceived general health, muscle-skeletal pain, well-being, mood disorders, fatigue, self-esteem, sleepiness, and sense of humour) was registered, and serum samples were collected six months before and after bariatric surgery. Results: A total of 141 subjects (men/women, 116/25) with a mean age of 43.0 (SD 8.7) years and BMI of 42.1 (SD 3.8) kg/m2 were included. No significant associations were seen between the psychosomatic disorders and the KP. There was a significant downregulation of all KP metabolites after surgery, a reduction in CRP, and strong associations between CRP and the KP, particularly with the ratios of Kynurenine/Tryptophan and Quinolinic acid (QA)/Xanthurenic acid (XA). The QA/XA ratio was negatively associated with diabetes. Conclusions: The peripheral KP seemed to be of minor importance for the psychosomatic comorbidity in subjects with morbid obesity. The downregulation of all KP metabolites after bariatric surgery indicated reduced inflammation. The QA/XA ratio seemed to be a marker of insulin sensitivity and favourable glucose control.
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Lischka J, Schanzer A, Baumgartner M, de Gier C, Greber-Platzer S, Zeyda M. Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with BMI and Adipose Tissue Mass and Linked to Metabolic Disease in Pediatric Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020286. [PMID: 35057467 PMCID: PMC8781866 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has contributed to an escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases in children. Overnutrition leads to increased tryptophan uptake and availability. An association between the induction of the tryptophan catabolic pathway via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and obesity-related inflammation has been observed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pediatric obesity on tryptophan metabolism and the potential relationship with metabolic disease. In this prospective cohort study, plasma kynurenine, tryptophan, and serotonin levels were measured by ELISA, and IDO activity was estimated by calculating the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in a clinically characterized population with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) aged 9 to 19 (n = 125). IDO activity and its product kynurenine correlated with BMI z-score and body fat mass, whereas concentrations of serotonin, the alternative tryptophan metabolite, negatively correlated with these measures of adiposity. Kynurenine and tryptophan, but not serotonin levels, were associated with disturbed glucose metabolism. Tryptophan concentrations negatively correlated with adiponectin and were significantly higher in prediabetes and metabolically unhealthy obesity. In conclusion, BMI and body fat mass were associated with increased tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway and decreased serotonin production in children and adolescents with severe obesity. The resulting elevated kynurenine levels may contribute to metabolic disease in obesity.
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Cutuli D, Giacovazzo G, Decandia D, Coccurello R. Alzheimer's disease and depression in the elderly: A trajectory linking gut microbiota and serotonin signaling. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1010169. [PMID: 36532180 PMCID: PMC9750201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly is viewed as an early sign of subsequent cognitive deterioration and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. The prognosis in terms of both the severity and progression of clinical dementia is generally aggravated by the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and decline in cognitive function. Undeniably, aging and in particular unhealthy aging, is a silent "engine of neuropathology" over which multiple changes take place, including drastic alterations of the gut microbial ecosystem. This narrative review evaluates the role of gut microbiota changes as a possible unifying concept through which the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and Alzheimer's disease can be considered. However, since the heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, it is improbable to describe the same type of alterations in the bacteria population observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as it is improbable that the variety of drugs used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms might produce changes in gut bacterial diversity similar to that observed in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Depression seems to be another very intriguing exception, as it is one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and a mood disorder frequently associated with brain aging. Antidepressants (i.e., serotonin reuptake inhibitors) or tryptophan dietary supplementation have been shown to reduce Amyloid β-loading, reinstate microbial diversity and reduce the abundance of bacterial taxa dominant in depression and Alzheimer's disease. This review briefly examines this trajectory by discussing the dysfunction of gut microbiota composition, selected bacterial taxa, and alteration of tryptophan and serotonin metabolism/neurotransmission as overlapping in-common mechanisms involved with depression, Alzheimer's disease, and unhealthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Decandia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Zhong SR, Kuang Q, Zhang F, Chen B, Zhong ZG. Functional roles of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease: Implications of gut microbiota-targeted therapy. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:581-600. [PMID: 35070442 PMCID: PMC8724360 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing scientific evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota influences normal physiological homeostasis and contributes to pathogenesis, ranging from obesity to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Gut microbiota can interact with the central nervous system (CNS) through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The interaction is mediated by microbial secretions, metabolic interventions, and neural stimulation. Here, we review and summarize the regulatory pathways (immune, neural, neuroendocrine, or metabolic systems) in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in AD pathogenesis. Besides, we highlight the significant roles of the intestinal epithelial barrier and blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. During the progression of AD, there is a gradual shift in the gut microbiota and host co-metabolic relationship, leading to gut dysbiosis, and the imbalance of microbial secretions and metabolites, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These products may affect the CNS metabolic state and immune balance through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Further, we summarize the potential microbiota-gut-brain axis-targeted therapy including carbohydrates, probiotics, dietary measures, and propose new strategies toward the development of anti-AD drugs. Taken together, the data in this review suggest that remodeling the gut microbiota may present a tractable strategy in the management and development of new therapeutics against AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ran Zhong
- School of Health Medicine, Guangzhou Huashang College , Guangzhou , 511300 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Kuang
- School of Health Medicine, Guangzhou Huashang College , Guangzhou , 511300 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , 510006 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Chen
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning City , 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhong
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning City , 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , People’s Republic of China
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Teixeira-Gomes A, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V, Gostner JM, Felder T, Costa C, Madureira J, Fuchs D, Teixeira JP, Costa S. Exploring Early Detection of Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: Evaluation of Oxi-Immune Markers, Clinical Parameters and Modifiable Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121975. [PMID: 34943076 PMCID: PMC8750623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied with a decline in several physiological systems. Frailty is an age-related syndrome correlated to the loss of homeostasis and increased vulnerability to stressors, which is associated with increase in the risk of disability, comorbidity, hospitalisation, and death in older adults. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between frailty syndrome, immune activation, and oxidative stress. Serum concentrations of vitamins A and E were also evaluated, as well as inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and IL-6) and oxidative DNA levels. A group of Portuguese older adults (≥65 years old) was engaged in this study and classified according to Fried’s frailty phenotype. Significant increases in the inflammatory mediators (CRP and IL-6), neopterin levels, kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp), and phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (Phe/Tyr), and significant decreases in Trp and Tyr concentrations were observed in the presence of frailty. IL-6, neopterin, and Kyn/Trp showed potential as predictable biomarkers of frailty syndrome. Several clinical parameters such as nutrition, dependency scales, and polypharmacy were related to frailty and, consequently, may influence the associations observed. Results obtained show a progressive immune activation and production of pro-inflammatory molecules in the presence of frailty, agreeing with the inflammageing model. Future research should include different dimensions of frailty, including psychological, social, biological, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armanda Teixeira-Gomes
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.-G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.C.)
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Grupo DICOMOSA, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC. Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC. Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Grupo NanoToxGen, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Thomas Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Carla Costa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.-G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.C.)
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.-G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.C.)
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.-G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.C.)
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or
| | - Solange Costa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.-G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.C.)
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Golestani F, Eskandari M, Hooshmand Moghadam B, Gaeini AA. Regular resistance training as a strategy to improve aging-related immune activation. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wyckelsma VL, Trepci A, Schwieler L, Venckunas T, Brazaitis M, Kamandulis S, Paulauskas H, Gapeyeva H, Pääsuke M, Gastaldello S, Imbeault S, Westerblad H, Erhardt S, Andersson DC. Vitamin C and E Treatment Blocks Changes in Kynurenine Metabolism Triggered by Three Weeks of Sprint Interval Training in Recreationally Active Elderly Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091443. [PMID: 34573075 PMCID: PMC8465740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is gaining attention in several clinical fields. Recent studies show that physical exercise offers a therapeutic way to improve ratios of neurotoxic to neuroprotective KP metabolites. Antioxidant supplementation can blunt beneficial responses to physical exercise. We here studied the effects of endurance training in the form of sprint interval training (SIT; three sessions of 4–6 × 30 s cycling sprints per week for three weeks) in elderly (~65 years) men exposed to either placebo (n = 9) or the antioxidants vitamin C (1 g/day) and E (235 mg/day) (n = 11). Blood samples and muscle biopsies were taken under resting conditions in association with the first (untrained state) and last (trained state) SIT sessions. In the placebo group, the blood plasma level of the neurotoxic quinolinic acid was lower (~30%) and the neuroprotective kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid ratio was higher (~50%) in the trained than in the untrained state. Moreover, muscle biopsies showed a training-induced increase in kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) III in the placebo group. All these training effects were absent in the vitamin-treated group. In conclusion, KP metabolism was shifted towards neuroprotection after three weeks of SIT in elderly men and this shift was blocked by antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Wyckelsma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Ada Trepci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.V.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.V.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.V.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.V.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Henrikas Paulauskas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.V.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Helena Gapeyeva
- Clinic of Medical Rehabilitation, Inpatient Rehabilitation Centre, East Tallinn Central Hospital, 10138 Tallinn, Estonia;
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Mati Pääsuke
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Stefano Gastaldello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Sophie Imbeault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.V.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Daniel C. Andersson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.L.W.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (S.I.); (H.W.); (S.E.)
- Cardiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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42
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Alme KN, Askim T, Assmus J, Mollnes TE, Naik M, Næss H, Saltvedt I, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, Knapskog AB. Investigating novel biomarkers of immune activation and modulation in the context of sedentary behaviour: a multicentre prospective ischemic stroke cohort study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 34399717 PMCID: PMC8365944 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviour is associated with disease, but the molecular mechanisms are not understood. Valid biomarkers with predictive and explanatory properties are required. Therefore, we have investigated traditional and novel biomarkers of inflammation and immune modulation and their association to objectively measured sedentary behaviour in an ischemic stroke population. Methods Patients admitted to hospital with acute ischemic stroke were included in the multicentre Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study (n = 815). For this sub-study (n = 257), sedentary behaviour was registered 3 months after stroke using position transition data from the body-worn sensor, ActivPal®. Blood samples were analysed for high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), neopterin, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), and three B6 vitamers, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), and pyridoxic acid (PA). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) and the pyridoxic acid ratio index (PAr = PA: PL + PLP) were calculated. Results Of the 815 patients included in the main study, 700 attended the three-month follow-up, and 257 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. Sedentary time was significantly associated with levels of hsCRP, IL-6, neopterin, PAr-index, and KA adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and creatinine. In a fully adjusted model including all the significant biomarkers except hsCRP (because of missing values), sedentary time was independently positively associated with the PAr-index and negatively with KA. We did not find an association between sedentary behaviour, IL-10, and KTR. Conclusions The PAr-index is known to capture several modes of inflammation and has previously shown predictive abilities for future stroke. This novel result indicates that the PAr-index could be a useful biomarker in future studies on sedentary behaviour and disease progression. KA is an important modulator of inflammation, and this finding opens new and exciting pathways to understand the hazards of sedentary behaviour. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02650531). First posted 08/01/2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02343-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Nordheim Alme
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for age-related medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of internal medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Zahed H, Johansson M, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Milne RL, Giles GG, Manjer J, Sandsveden M, Langhammer A, Sørgjerd EP, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Chen C, Prentice R, Stevens VL, Wang Y, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Cai Q, Blot WJ, Arslan AA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Visvanathan K, Sesso HD, Zhang X, Gaziano JM, Fanidi A, Muller D, Brennan P, Guida F, Robbins HA. Epidemiology of 40 blood biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism, vitamin status, inflammation, and renal and endothelial function among cancer-free older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13805. [PMID: 34226613 PMCID: PMC8257595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances of blood biomarkers are associated with disease, and biomarkers may also vary non-pathologically across population groups. We described variation in concentrations of biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism, vitamin status, inflammation including tryptophan metabolism, and endothelial and renal function among cancer-free older adults. We analyzed 5167 cancer-free controls aged 40-80 years from 20 cohorts in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). Centralized biochemical analyses of 40 biomarkers in plasma or serum were performed. We fit multivariable linear mixed effects models to quantify variation in standardized biomarker log-concentrations across four factors: age, sex, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Differences in most biomarkers across most factors were small, with 93% (186/200) of analyses showing an estimated difference lower than 0.25 standard-deviations, although most were statistically significant due to large sample size. The largest difference was for creatinine by sex, which was - 0.91 standard-deviations lower in women than men (95%CI - 0.98; - 0.84). The largest difference by age was for total cysteine (0.40 standard-deviation increase per 10-year increase, 95%CI 0.36; 0.43), and by BMI was for C-reactive protein (0.38 standard-deviation increase per 5-kg/m2 increase, 95%CI 0.34; 0.41). For 31 of 40 markers, the mean difference between current and never smokers was larger than between former and never smokers. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) association with time since smoking cessation was observed for 8 markers, including C-reactive protein, kynurenine, choline, and total homocysteine. We conclude that most blood biomarkers show small variations across demographic characteristics. Patterns by smoking status point to normalization of multiple physiological processes after smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malte Sandsveden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Ying Wang
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - David Muller
- Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Guida
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France.
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44
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Steiner J, Dobrowolny H, Guest PC, Bernstein HG, Fuchs D, Roeser J, Summergrad P, Oxenkrug GF. Plasma Anthranilic Acid and Leptin Levels Predict HAM-D Scores in Depressed Women. Int J Tryptophan Res 2021; 14:11786469211016474. [PMID: 34045868 PMCID: PMC8138296 DOI: 10.1177/11786469211016474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysregulations of leptin
and tryptophan–kynurenine (Trp–Kyn) (TKP) pathways. Leptin, a
pro-inflammatory cytokine, activates Trp conversion into Kyn. However,
leptin association with down-stream Kyn metabolites in MDD is unknown. Methods: Fasting plasma samples from 29 acutely ill drug-naïve (n = 16) or currently
non-medicated (⩾6 weeks; n = 13) MDD patients were analyzed for leptin, Trp,
Kyn, its down-stream metabolites (anthranilic [AA], kynurenic [KYNA],
xanthurenic [XA] acids and 3-hydroxykynurenine [3HK]), C-reactive protein
(CRP), neopterin, body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Depression severity was assessed by HAM-D-21. Results: In female (n = 14) (but not in male) patients HAM-D-21 scores correlated with
plasma levels of AA (but not other Kyn metabolites) (rho = −0.644,
P = .009) and leptin (Spearman’s rho = −0.775,
P = .001). Inclusion of AA into regression analysis
improved leptin prediction of HAM-D from 48.5% to 65.9%. Actual HAM-D scores
highly correlated with that calculated by formula: HAM-D = 34.8518−(0.5660 ×
leptin [ng/ml] + 0.4159 × AA [nmol/l]) (Rho = 0.84, P =
.00015). In male (n = 15) (but not in female) patients leptin correlated
with BMI, waist circumference/hip ratio, CRP, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Present findings of gender specific AA/Leptin correlations with HAM-D are
important considering that AA and leptin are transported from plasma into
brain, and that AA formation is catalyzed by
kynureninase—the only TKP gene associated with depression
according to genome-wide analysis. High correlation between predicted and
actual HAM-D warrants further evaluation of plasma AA and leptin as an
objective laboratory test for the assessment of depression severity in
female MDD patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Steiner
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter of the Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Julien Roeser
- Charles River Laboratories, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Summergrad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Inflammation Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory F Oxenkrug
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Inflammation Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Bhargava A, Arnold AP, Bangasser DA, Denton KM, Gupta A, Hilliard Krause LM, Mayer EA, McCarthy M, Miller WL, Raznahan A, Verma R. Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:219-258. [PMID: 33704446 PMCID: PMC8348944 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stated its intent to "require applicants to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) in the design and analysis of NIH-funded research involving animals and cells." Since then, proposed research plans that include animals routinely state that both sexes/genders will be used; however, in many instances, researchers and reviewers are at a loss about the issue of sex differences. Moreover, the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably by many researchers, further complicating the issue. In addition, the sex or gender of the researcher might influence study outcomes, especially those concerning behavioral studies, in both animals and humans. The act of observation may change the outcome (the "observer effect") and any experimental manipulation, no matter how well-controlled, is subject to it. This is nowhere more applicable than in physiology and behavior. The sex of established cultured cell lines is another issue, in addition to aneuploidy; chromosomal numbers can change as cells are passaged. Additionally, culture medium contains steroids, growth hormone, and insulin that might influence expression of various genes. These issues often are not taken into account, determined, or even considered. Issues pertaining to the "sex" of cultured cells are beyond the scope of this Statement. However, we will discuss the factors that influence sex and gender in both basic research (that using animal models) and clinical research (that involving human subjects), as well as in some areas of science where sex differences are routinely studied. Sex differences in baseline physiology and associated mechanisms form the foundation for understanding sex differences in diseases pathology, treatments, and outcomes. The purpose of this Statement is to highlight lessons learned, caveats, and what to consider when evaluating data pertaining to sex differences, using 3 areas of research as examples; it is not intended to serve as a guideline for research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhargava
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda M Hilliard Krause
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walter L Miller
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Diffusion and Connectomics In Precision Healthcare Research (DiCIPHR) lab, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Sousa A, Ribeiro C, Gonçalves VMF, Barbosa J, Peixoto B, Andrade A, Silva P, Andrade JP, Leal S. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography method using UV/fluorescence detection for the quantitative determination of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in human urine: Application to patients with heart failure. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:113997. [PMID: 33676170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates the relevant role of the tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases via inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms. Therefore, quantification of TRP and its metabolites in biological samples can be a powerful tool to elucidate the disease mechanisms. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence detection (FD) (LCUV/FD) method for the quantification of TRP and its metabolites (L-kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KA)) in urine samples from heart failure (HF) patients. Biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers were quantified, and data correlated with urinary concentrations of TRP and its metabolites. Optimized chromatographic conditions were achieved using a Luna® 3 μm PFP(2) analytical column, a mobile phase of 20 mM of ammonium formate in ultra-pure water (with 0.01 % of formic acid), acetonitrile and ethanol (95/2/3, v/v/v), a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and a column oven temperature set at 25 °C. The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines and showed to be linear (r2 >0.99), accurate (82-116%) and precise (%RSD below 15 %). The limits of quantification varied between 50 and 125 ng/mL. The method was applied to the quantification of TRP, KYN and KA in healthy volunteers and male HF patients. The results obtained through this pilot study (small group of patients) showed a relationship between biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers and changes in the concentration of TRP, KYN and KA. The KYN/TRP and KA/KYN ratios were calculated. Results support the hypothesis that KYN/TRP ratio is related with enzymatic activity and that KA/KYN ratio can be a good neuroprotection indicator. The potential of the LCUV/FD method for the monitoring of the selected compounds in cardiac patients was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Virgínia M F Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE - Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Peixoto
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurora Andrade
- Departamento Clínico de Cardiologia do Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa EPE, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Departamento Clínico de Cardiologia do Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa EPE, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Andrade
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.
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Helland A, Bratlie M, Hagen IV, Midttun Ø, Sveier H, Mellgren G, Ueland PM, Gudbrandsen OA. Effect of high intake of cod or salmon on serum total neopterin concentration: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3237-3248. [PMID: 33576844 PMCID: PMC8354862 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Primarily, to investigate the effect of high intake of cod (lean fish) or salmon (fatty fish) on serum concentration of total neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activation that is associated with cardiovascular disease. Second, to investigate effects of high cod/salmon intake on antioxidant vitamins and elements essential for activity of antioxidant enzymes. Methods In this randomised clinical trial, 63 participants with overweight/obesity consumed 750 g/week of either Atlantic cod (N = 22) or Atlantic salmon (N = 22) or were instructed to continue their normal eating habits but avoid fish intake (Control group, N = 19) for 8 weeks. Food intake was recorded, and fasting serum were collected at baseline and endpoint. Results Serum total neopterin concentration was reduced in the Cod group (median change − 2.65 (25th, 75th percentiles − 3.68, − 0.45) nmol/l, P = 0.018) but not in the Salmon group (median change 0.00 (25th, 75th percentiles − 4.15, 3.05) nmol/l, P = 0.59) when compared with the Control group after 8 weeks. The estimated daily intake of selenium, iron, magnesium and zinc were similar between all groups. Increased serum concentration of selenium was observed only after cod intake when compared to the Control group (P = 0.017). Changes in serum concentrations of copper, iron, magnesium, all-trans retinol, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were similar between the groups. Conclusion A high intake of cod, but not of salmon, lowered serum total neopterin concentration when compared to the Control group. Clinical trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02350595
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Helland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Bratlie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid V Hagen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Harald Sveier
- Lerøy Seafood Group ASA, PO Box 7600, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Oddrun A Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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48
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Sorgdrager F, van Der Ley CP, van Faassen M, Calus E, Nollen EA, Kema IP, van Dam D, De Deyn PP. The Effect of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibition on Kynurenine Metabolism and Cognitive Function in the APP23 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920972657. [PMID: 33447045 PMCID: PMC7780178 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920972657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive endogenous neurotoxicity and hampered inflammatory regulation. The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, which is controlled by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), produces neuroactive and anti-inflammatory metabolites. Age-related Kyn pathway activation might contribute to AD pathology in humans, and inhibition of TDO was found to reduce AD-related cellular toxicity and behavioral deficits in animal models. To further explore the effect of aging on the Kyn pathway in the context of AD, we analyzed Kyn metabolite profiles in serum and brain tissue of the APP23 amyloidosis mouse model. We found that aging had genotype-independent effects on Kyn metabolite profiles in serum, cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, whereas serum concentrations of many Kyn metabolites were reduced in APP23 mice. Next, to further establish the role of TDO in AD-related behavioral deficits, we investigated the effect of long-term pharmacological TDO inhibition on cognitive performance in APP23 mice. Our results indicated that TDO inhibition reversed recognition memory deficits without producing measurable changes in cerebral Kyn metabolites. TDO inhibition did not affect spatial learning and memory or anxiety-related behavior. These data indicate that age-related Kyn pathway activation is not specific for humans and could represent a cross-species phenotype of aging. These data warrant further investigation on the role of peripheral Kyn pathway disturbances and cerebral TDO activity in AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjh Sorgdrager
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C P van Der Ley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Calus
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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49
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Karamitros CS, Murray K, Sugiyama Y, Kumada Y, Johnson KA, Georgiou G, D'Arcy S, Stone EM. Conformational Dynamics Contribute to Substrate Selectivity and Catalysis in Human Kynureninase. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3159-3166. [PMID: 33275413 PMCID: PMC11104311 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Kynureninases (KYNases) are enzymes that play a key role in tryptophan catabolism through the degradation of intermediate kynurenine and 3'-hydroxy-kynurenine metabolites (KYN and OH-KYN, respectively). Bacterial KYNases exhibit high catalytic efficiency toward KYN and moderate activity toward OH-KYN, whereas animal KYNases are highly selective for OH-KYN, exhibiting only minimal activity toward the smaller KYN substrate. These differences reflect divergent pathways for KYN and OH-KYN utilization in the respective kingdoms. We examined the Homo sapiens and Pseudomonas fluorescens KYNases (HsKYNase and PfKYNase respectively) using pre-steady-state and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) methodologies. We discovered that the activity of HsKYNase critically depends on formation of hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of OH-KYN to stabilize the entire active site and allow productive substrate turnover. With the preferred OH-KYN substrate, stabilization is observed at the substrate-binding site and the region surrounding the PLP cofactor. With the nonpreferred KYN substrate, less stabilization occurs, revealing a direct correlation with activity. This correlation holds true for PfKYNases; however there is only a modest stabilization at the substrate-binding site, suggesting that substrate discrimination is simply achieved by steric hindrance. We speculate that eukaryotic KYNases use dynamic mobility as a mechanism of substrate specificity to commit OH-KYN to nicotinamide synthesis and avoid futile hydrolysis of KYN. These findings have important ramifications for the engineering of HsKynase with high KYN activity as required for clinical applications in cancer immunotherapy. Our study shows how homologous enzymes with conserved active sites can use dynamics to discriminate between two highly similar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos S Karamitros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kyle Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yusuke Sugiyama
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kumada
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenneth A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Everett M Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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50
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Li PH, Zhang R, Cheng LQ, Liu JJ, Chen HZ. Metabolic regulation of immune cells in proinflammatory microenvironments and diseases during ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101165. [PMID: 32898718 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of ageing includes molecular changes within cells and interactions between cells, eventually resulting in age-related diseases. Although various cells (immune cells, parenchymal cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) in tissues secrete proinflammatory signals in age-related diseases, immune cells are the major contributors to inflammation. Many studies have emphasized the role of metabolic dysregulation in parenchymal cells in age-related inflammatory diseases. However, few studies have discussed metabolic modifications in immune cells during ageing. In this review, we introduce the metabolic dysregulation of major nutrients (glucose, lipids, and amino acids) within immune cells during ageing, which leads to dysfunctional NAD + metabolism that increases immune cell senescence and leads to the acquisition of the corresponding senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We then focus on senescent immune cell interactions with parenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix and their involvement in angiogenesis, which lead to proinflammatory microenvironments in tissues and inflammatory diseases at the systemic level. Elucidating the roles of metabolic modifications in immune cells during ageing will provide new insights into the mechanisms of ageing and therapeutic directions for age-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, Novato, United States
| | - Li-Qin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin-Jing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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