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Solmi M, Cobey K, Moher D, Ebrahimzadeh S, Dragioti E, Shin JI, Radua J, Cortese S, Shea B, Veronese N, Hartling L, Pollock M, Egger M, Papatheodorou S, Ioannidis JP, Carvalho AF. Protocol for the development of a reporting guideline for umbrella reviews on epidemiological associations using cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies: the Preferred Reporting Items for Umbrella Reviews of Cross-sectional, Case-control and Cohort studies (PRIUR-CCC). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e071136. [PMID: 38889936 PMCID: PMC11191798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies are fraught with several biases including reverse causation and residual confounding. Overview of reviews of observational studies (ie, umbrella reviews) synthesise systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, and may also aid in the grading of the credibility of reported associations. The number of published umbrella reviews has been increasing. Recently, a reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions (Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR)) was published, but the field lacks reporting guidelines for umbrella reviews of observational studies. Our aim is to develop a reporting guideline for umbrella reviews on cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies assessing epidemiological associations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will adhere to established guidance and prepare a PRIOR extension for systematic reviews of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies testing epidemiological associations between an exposure and an outcome, namely Preferred Reporting Items for Umbrella Reviews of Cross-sectional, Case-control and Cohort studies (PRIUR-CCC). Step 1 will be the project launch to identify stakeholders. Step 2 will be a literature review of available guidance to conduct umbrella reviews. Step 3 will be an online Delphi study sampling 100 participants among authors and editors of umbrella reviews. Step 4 will encompass the finalisation of PRIUR-CCC statement, including a checklist, a flow diagram, explanation and elaboration document. Deliverables will be (i) identifying stakeholders to involve according to relevant expertise and end-user groups, with an equity, diversity and inclusion lens; (ii) completing a narrative review of methodological guidance on how to conduct umbrella reviews, a narrative review of methodology and reporting in published umbrella reviews and preparing an initial PRIUR-CCC checklist for Delphi study round 1; (iii) preparing a PRIUR-CCC checklist with guidance after Delphi study; (iv) publishing and disseminating PRIUR-CCC statement. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION PRIUR-CCC has been approved by The Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board and has obtained consent (20220639-01H). Participants to step 3 will give informed consent. PRIUR-CCC steps will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will guide reporting of umbrella reviews on epidemiological associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Cobey
- Open Science and Meta-Research Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkopings universitet, Linkoping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Beverley Shea
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lisa Hartling
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefania Papatheodorou
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Diallo A, Minier N, Bonnet JB, Bourrié C, Lacroix V, Robert A, Lefebvre P, Joumaa S, Avignon A, Renard E, Nocca D, Galtier F. Traumatic Life Events, Violence, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study from 408 Patients Enrolled in a Bariatric Surgery Program. Obes Facts 2024; 17:237-242. [PMID: 38569475 PMCID: PMC11149977 DOI: 10.1159/000535067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic disease that increases cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality, decreases quality of life, and increases health care costs. While the role of lifestyle behavioral factors in the development of obesity is well established, the role of traumatic life events, including violence, is unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe situations of traumatic life events reported by patients undergoing a bariatric surgery program, with a particular focus on sexual violence and its clinical correlates. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with grade II or III obesity, admitted to our digestive surgery department for bariatric surgery from August 01, 2019, to December 31, 2020, underwent a structured interview by a trained psychologist to describe the history of traumatic life events self-reported by the patients. The primary endpoint was the presence of a history of sexual violence (SV). Multivariate logistic regressions were applied to identify independent risk factors for SV. RESULTS Of the 408 patients interviewed, 87.1% reported at least one traumatic life event and 33.1% reported having had an SV in the past. Female gender (aOR = 7.44, 95% confidence interval: 3.85-15.73; p < 0.001) and higher body mass index (1.05, 1.02-1.08; p = 0.002) were associated with an increased risk of SV. Male gender was associated with a higher risk of difficulties including sports cessation, depression, and work-related distress. CONCLUSION In the context of obesity, psychosocial trauma is characterized by a high frequency and several gender specificities that must be taken into account in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassane Diallo
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1411, INSERM, CHU of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Minier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bonnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- UMR, Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Bourrié
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Lacroix
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandrine Robert
- Digestive Surgery Department Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Saadeddine Joumaa
- Digestive Surgery Department Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Avignon
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Renard
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1411, INSERM, CHU of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - David Nocca
- Digestive Surgery Department Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Galtier
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1411, INSERM, CHU of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Carbone EA, Aloi M, Rania M, de Filippis R, Quirino D, Fiorentino TV, Segura-Garcia C. The relationship of food addiction with binge eating disorder and obesity: A network analysis study. Appetite 2023; 190:107037. [PMID: 37714336 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) has been associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity at varying levels of severity and treatment outcomes. Despite much debate and scientific interest in FA, the mechanisms that underlie its co-occurrence with both conditions are not yet well understood. In order to understand this relationship, this study explores FA in a clinical sample of individuals with BED and obesity using network analysis (NA). A total of 303 patients (151 with BED and 152 with obesity) completed a battery of tests that investigated eating psychopathology, eating behaviours, emotional dysregulation, depression and FA. Two different NAs were conducted to investigate the interaction between these variables and FA. The BED and obesity groups were comparable in age (38 ± 14 vs. 42 ± 13 years), body mass index (38.8 ± 8.5 vs 42.4 ± 7.8), sex and demographics. According to the expected influence values, binge eating severity and depression were identified as the central nodes in both networks. In the BED group, binge eating severity was the central node and showed strong connections to both FA and grazing. In contrast, in the obesity group, depression was the central node, but its connections were weak, with only marginal associations to FA. These results suggest that FA represents an important and distinct construct of the two populations. In patients with BED, FA is intimately connected to other loss-of-control-related eating behaviours, such as binge eating and grazing. Conversely, in those with obesity, depression explains the relationship of FA with pathological eating behaviours. The presence of FA seems to be a distinguishing characteristic in the psychopathology of patients suffering from obesity with and without BED, and this could have implications for the prevention, treatment and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Center for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daria Quirino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Center for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Camp EA, Greeley CS, Donaruma M, Isaac R. Current Weight Status of Sexually Assaulted Pediatric Female Patients in an Emergency Department Setting. Child Obes 2023; 19:443-451. [PMID: 36206056 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and childhood obesity (CO) is unclear with studies reporting conflicting results in female populations. This study aims to assess the association between suspected CSA and current emergency department (ED) weight status when compared with trauma patients. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective case-control study that utilized pediatric ED data (2016-2018) from identified female patients (6-17 years old) with a chief complaint of sexual assault and trauma registry patients. Focus was on female patients for literary comparisons. Two weight measurements were calculated based on available height data: BMI-for-age and weight-for-age. Nonparametric testing and binary logistic regression were utilized. Results: There were 2044 study participants: 1454 (71.1%) cases and 590 (28.9%) controls. Cases were older, underrepresented minorities (URMs), and carried public insurance (all p-values <0.001). Using BMI-for-age, patients with a sexual assault complaint had a 67% increased odds for CO after adjusting for age, URM status, and insurance type [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.67 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.07-2.62); p-value = 0.03], whereas the weight-for-age metric increased the aOR odds by 58% [aOR = 1.58 (95% CI 1.14-2.17); p-value = 0.01] when compared with pediatric trauma patients. Similar results were found in a sensitivity analysis using patients matched on age and URM. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated an association between suspected CSA and CO. More research is needed to identify the biopsychosocial implications for this relationship and the potential to augment clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Camp
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S Greeley
- Division of Public Health and Child Abuse Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcella Donaruma
- Division of Public Health Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reena Isaac
- Division of Public Health Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen S, Su X, Feng Y, Li R, Liao M, Fan L, Liu J, Chen S, Zhang S, Cai J, Zhu S, Niu J, Ye Y, Lo K, Zeng F. Ketogenic Diet and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4161. [PMID: 37836444 PMCID: PMC10574428 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the effects of ketogenic diets (KD) on health-related outcomes through meta-analyses. However, the presence of biases may compromise the reliability of conclusions. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella review to collate and appraise the strength of evidence on the efficacy of KD interventions. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database until April 2023 to identify meta-analyses that investigated the treatment effects of KD for multiple health conditions, which yielded 23 meta-analyses for quantitative analyses. The evidence suggests that KD could increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the respiratory exchange rate (RER), and could decrease total testosterone and testosterone levels (all p-random effects: <0.05). The combination of KD and physical activity can significantly reduce body weight and increase the levels of LDL-C and cortisol. In addition, KD was associated with seizure reduction in children, which can be explained by the ketosis state as induced by the diet. Furthermore, KD demonstrated a better alleviation effect in refractory childhood epilepsy, in terms of median effective rates for seizure reduction of ≥50%, ≥90%, and seizure freedom. However, the strength of evidence supporting the aforementioned associations was generally weak, thereby challenging their credibility. Consequently, future studies should prioritize stringent research protocols to ascertain whether KD interventions with longer intervention periods hold promise as a viable treatment option for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yonghui Feng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ruojie Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Minqi Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstadt Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Laina Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, International School, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Jiazi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shasha Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jianxiang Niu
- General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Road, Hohhot 010000, China;
| | - Yanbin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China;
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 100872, China
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 100872, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.C.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (S.Z.)
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Solmi M, De Toffol M, Kim JY, Choi MJ, Stubbs B, Thompson T, Firth J, Miola A, Croatto G, Baggio F, Michelon S, Ballan L, Gerdle B, Monaco F, Simonato P, Scocco P, Ricca V, Castellini G, Fornaro M, Murru A, Vieta E, Fusar-Poli P, Barbui C, Ioannidis JPA, Carvalho AF, Radua J, Correll CU, Cortese S, Murray RM, Castle D, Shin JI, Dragioti E. Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ 2023; 382:e072348. [PMID: 37648266 PMCID: PMC10466434 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically assess credibility and certainty of associations between cannabis, cannabinoids, and cannabis based medicines and human health, from observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DESIGN Umbrella review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, up to 9 February 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies and RCTs that have reported on the efficacy and safety of cannabis, cannabinoids, or cannabis based medicines were included. Credibility was graded according to convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant (observational evidence), and by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) (RCTs). Quality was assessed with AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2). Sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS 101 meta-analyses were included (observational=50, RCTs=51) (AMSTAR 2 high 33, moderate 31, low 32, or critically low 5). From RCTs supported by high to moderate certainty, cannabis based medicines increased adverse events related to the central nervous system (equivalent odds ratio 2.84 (95% confidence interval 2.16 to 3.73)), psychological effects (3.07 (1.79 to 5.26)), and vision (3.00 (1.79 to 5.03)) in people with mixed conditions (GRADE=high), improved nausea/vomit, pain, spasticity, but increased psychiatric, gastrointestinal adverse events, and somnolence among others (GRADE=moderate). Cannabidiol improved 50% reduction of seizures (0.59 (0.38 to 0.92)) and seizure events (0.59 (0.36 to 0.96)) (GRADE=high), but increased pneumonia, gastrointestinal adverse events, and somnolence (GRADE=moderate). For chronic pain, cannabis based medicines or cannabinoids reduced pain by 30% (0.59 (0.37 to 0.93), GRADE=high), across different conditions (n=7), but increased psychological distress. For epilepsy, cannabidiol increased risk of diarrhoea (2.25 (1.33 to 3.81)), had no effect on sleep disruption (GRADE=high), reduced seizures across different populations and measures (n=7), improved global impression (n=2), quality of life, and increased risk of somnolence (GRADE=moderate). In the general population, cannabis worsened positive psychotic symptoms (5.21 (3.36 to 8.01)) and total psychiatric symptoms (7.49 (5.31 to 10.42)) (GRADE=high), negative psychotic symptoms, and cognition (n=11) (GRADE=moderate). In healthy people, cannabinoids improved pain threshold (0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)), unpleasantness (0.60 (0.41 to 0.88)) (GRADE=high). For inflammatory bowel disease, cannabinoids improved quality of life (0.34 (0.22 to 0.53) (GRADE=high). For multiple sclerosis, cannabinoids improved spasticity, pain, but increased risk of dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, somnolence (GRADE=moderate). For cancer, cannabinoids improved sleep disruption, but had gastrointestinal adverse events (n=2) (GRADE=moderate). Cannabis based medicines, cannabis, and cannabinoids resulted in poor tolerability across various conditions (GRADE=moderate). Evidence was convincing from observational studies (main and sensitivity analyses) in pregnant women, small for gestational age (1.61 (1.41 to 1.83)), low birth weight (1.43 (1.27 to 1.62)); in drivers, car crash (1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)); and in the general population, psychosis (1.71 (1.47 to 2.00)). Harmful effects were noted for additional neonatal outcomes, outcomes related to car crash, outcomes in the general population including psychotic symptoms, suicide attempt, depression, and mania, and impaired cognition in healthy cannabis users (all suggestive to highly suggestive). CONCLUSIONS Convincing or converging evidence supports avoidance of cannabis during adolescence and early adulthood, in people prone to or with mental health disorders, in pregnancy and before and while driving. Cannabidiol is effective in people with epilepsy. Cannabis based medicines are effective in people with multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and in palliative medicine but not without adverse events. STUDY REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018093045. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada
- On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical detection Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco De Toffol
- Psychiatry Unit, Veris Delli Ponti Scorrano Hospital, Department of Mental Health, ASL Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Je Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Centre of Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Miola
- Neurosciences Department, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Croatto
- Mental Health Department, AULSS 3 Serenissima, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Francesca Baggio
- Mental Health Department, AULSS 3 Serenissima, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Silvia Michelon
- Department of Mental Health, AULSS 7 Pedemontana Veneto, Italy
| | - Luca Ballan
- Department of Mental Health, AULSS 7 Pedemontana Veneto, Italy
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Mental Health, Asl Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Simonato
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paolo Scocco
- Mental Health Department, ULSS 6 Euganea, Padova, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Murru
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical detection Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Meta-Research Innovation Center Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrè F Carvalho
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Central Nervous System and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin M Murray
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College of London, London, UK
| | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, Australia
- Co-Director, Centre for Mental Health Service Innovation, Department of Health, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Underwood Meta-research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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7
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van der Heijden AR, Houben T. Lipids in major depressive disorder: new kids on the block or old friends revisited? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1213011. [PMID: 37663599 PMCID: PMC10469871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1213011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric mood disorder that results in substantial functional impairment and is characterized by symptoms such as depressed mood, diminished interest, impaired cognitive function, and vegetative symptoms such as disturbed sleep. Although the exact etiology of MDD is unclear, several underlying mechanisms (disturbances in immune response and/or stress response) have been associated with its development, with no single mechanism able to account for all aspects of the disorder. Currently, about 1 in 3 patients are resistant to current antidepressant therapies. Providing an alternative perspective on MDD could therefore pave the way for new, unexplored diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. The central nervous system harbors an enormous pool of lipids and lipid intermediates that have been linked to a plethora of its physiological functions. The aim of this review is therefore to provide an overview of the implications of lipids in MDD and highlight certain MDD-related underlying mechanisms that involve lipids and/or their intermediates. Furthermore, we will also focus on the bidirectional relationship between MDD and the lipid-related disorders obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Houben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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8
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Wilson JB, Epstein M, Lopez B, Brown AK, Lutfy K, Friedman TC. The role of Neurochemicals, Stress Hormones and Immune System in the Positive Feedback Loops between Diabetes, Obesity and Depression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1224612. [PMID: 37664841 PMCID: PMC10470111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are significant public health and socioeconomic issues. They commonly co-occur, with T2DM occurring in 11.3% of the US population, while depression has a prevalence of about 9%, with higher rates among youths. Approximately 31% of patients with T2DM suffer from depressive symptoms, with 11.4% having major depressive disorders, which is twice as high as the prevalence of depression in patients without T2DM. Additionally, over 80% of people with T2DM are overweight or obese. This review describes how T2DM and depression can enhance one another, using the same molecular pathways, by synergistically altering the brain's structure and function and reducing the reward obtained from eating. In this article, we reviewed the evidence that eating, especially high-caloric foods, stimulates the limbic system, initiating Reward Deficiency Syndrome. Analogous to other addictive behaviors, neurochemical changes in those with depression and/or T2DM are thought to cause individuals to increase their food intake to obtain the same reward leading to binge eating, weight gain and obesity. Treating the symptoms of T2DM, such as lowering HbA1c, without addressing the underlying pathways has little chance of eliminating the disease. Targeting the immune system, stress circuit, melatonin, and other alterations may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian B. Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ma’ayan Epstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Psychiatric Emergency Room, Olive View – University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, United States
| | - Briana Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Amira K. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
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9
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Bracchiglione J, Meza N, Pérez-Carrasco I, Vergara-Merino L, Madrid E, Urrútia G, Bonfill Cosp X. A methodological review finds mismatch between overall and pairwise overlap analysis in a sample of overviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 159:31-39. [PMID: 37164290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overlap of primary studies is a key methodological challenge for overviews. There are limited reports of methods used to address overlap, and there is no detailed assessment of the corrected covered area (CCA) of a representative sample of overviews. To describe the approaches used to address overlap, and to estimate the overall and pairwise CCA. METHODS We searched PubMed for overviews published in 2018. Two authors conducted the screening process. We described the strategy used for assessing overlap, and calculated overall and pairwise CCA for each overview. RESULTS We analyzed a random sample of 30 out of 89 eligible articles. Eleven did not address the overlap. Of the remainder, most frequent strategies were visual assessment and discussion of overlap as a limitation. Median overall CCA among the included overviews was 6.7%. The pairwise analysis showed that 52.8% of SR pairs had slight overlap, while 28.3% had very high overlap. CONCLUSION Reported strategies for addressing overlap vary considerably among overview authors. The pairwise approach for assessing the CCA revealed highly overlapped pairs of SRs in overviews with overall slight overlap and vice versa. We encourage authors to complement the overall CCA assessment with a pairwise approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bracchiglione
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Meza
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Laura Vergara-Merino
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Eva Madrid
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Gerard Urrútia
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bonfill Cosp
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Monteleone AM, Cascino G, Salerno L, Albano G, Barone E, Cardi V, Lo Coco G. The interplay between emotion regulation, interpersonal problems and eating symptoms in individuals with obesity: A network analysis study. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:61-67. [PMID: 36565965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A complex and bidirectional relationship between eating and psychological symptoms in individuals with obesity has been proposed. This study aims to identify the specific processes playing a role in this association, using a data-driven approach. METHODS Two hundred ninety-four adults with obesity, including 106 (36 %) with binge-eating disorder, were consecutively admitted to a specialized public center. They completed self-report questionnaires to assess emotion regulation, interpersonal problems, self-esteem, binge-eating symptoms, and expectancies regarding eating behaviors. To assess the interplay among eating and psychological variables, a network analysis was used. The bridge function analysis was also performed to identify the bridge nodes among three communities (eating symptoms, interpersonal and emotional problems). RESULTS The network was stable. Limited access to emotion regulation strategies, eating helps manage negative affect, and non-assertiveness were the nodes with the highest strength centrality. Lack of emotional clarity, non-assertiveness, socially inhibition, and binge-eating were the nodes with the highest bridge strength. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the study is the cross-sectional nature of the findings which prevents to infer causality regarding the association between symptoms in the network. DISCUSSION An interplay between eating symptoms and affective and interpersonal factors characterizes individuals with obesity. Across the variety of psychological problems associated with obesity, the present study suggests specific psychological variables and their connections that could be addressed to improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Laura Salerno
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaia Albano
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eugenia Barone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, Armstrong SC, Barlow SE, Bolling CF, Avila Edwards KC, Eneli I, Hamre R, Joseph MM, Lunsford D, Mendonca E, Michalsky MP, Mirza N, Ochoa ER, Sharifi M, Staiano AE, Weedn AE, Flinn SK, Lindros J, Okechukwu K. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022060640. [PMID: 36622115 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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12
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Cui H, Xu R, Wan Y, Ling Y, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Guan Y, Zhao Q, Zhao G, Zaid M. Relationship of sleep duration with incident cardiovascular outcomes: a prospective study of 33,883 adults in a general population. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 36653782 PMCID: PMC9847128 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the effect of sleep duration on cardiovascular health have contradictory findings. Underlying health issues may have led to inconsistent results and warrant consideration. We aim to assess the relationship of night sleep duration with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a general population, taking into consideration underlying chronic diseases. METHODS Data from Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank with a median follow-up of 5.1 years was used, including 33,883 adults aged 20-74 years old. Incident CVD cases were reported and recorded by the Center for Disease Prevention and Control in Songjiang, Shanghai. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to explore the relationship between different sleep groups and sleep duration with incident CVD outcomes, through stratification by gender and age, as well as different health conditions, with adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS Long sleep duration (> 9 h) compared to > 7 to ≤ 8 h was associated with overall incident CVD in participants aged ≥ 50 years old: HR(95%CI) = 2.07 (1.15, 3.74) for 50-59y and 1.43 (1.04, 1.93) for 60-74y. RCS analysis showed a J-shaped relationship between sleep and CVD risk in those ≥ 50y, which was confirmed only in those with a chronic health condition. Non-linear relationships between sleep and CVD risk factors, such as BMI, blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin, were observed. CONCLUSIONS Long sleep duration is associated with increased risk of CVD in people ≥ 50y. However, CVD risk factors and underlying health conditions such as hypertension, and diabetes, may play a driving role in the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cui
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Rong Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yiming Wan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yong Ling
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yonggen Jiang
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yiling Wu
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying Guan
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Genming Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Maryam Zaid
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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13
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Jhun J, Moon J, Kim SY, Cho KH, Na HS, Choi J, Jung YJ, Song KY, Min JK, Cho ML. Rebamipide treatment ameliorates obesity phenotype by regulation of immune cells and adipocytes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277692. [PMID: 36574392 PMCID: PMC9794058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a medical term used to describe an over-accumulation of adipose tissue. It causes abnormal physiological and pathological processes in the body. Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and abnormalities in immune cell function. Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, has been used as a therapeutic for the protection from mucosal damage. Our previous studies have demonstrated that rebamipide treatment regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation, leading to prevention of weight gain in high-fat diet mice. In this study, mice were put on a high calorie diet for 11 weeks while receiving injections of rebamipide. Rebamipide treatment reduced the body weight, liver weight and blood glucose levels compared to control mice and reduced both glucose and insulin resistance. Fat accumulation has been shown to cause pro-inflammatory activity in mice. Treatment with rebamipide decreased the prevalence of inflammatory cells such as Th2, Th17 and M1 macrophages and increased anti-inflammatory Treg and M2 macrophages in epididymal fat tissue. Additionally, rebamipide addition inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cell lines. Taken together, our study demonstrates that rebamipide treatment is a novel and effective method to prevent diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JooYeon Jhun
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Moon
- Departments of Immunobiology and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Se-Young Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Hyung Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Jung
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, and the Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Bucheon si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JKM); (MLC)
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JKM); (MLC)
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14
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Gao X, Su X, Han X, Wen H, Cheng C, Zhang S, Li W, Cai J, Zheng L, Ma J, Liao M, Ni W, Liu T, Liu D, Ma W, Han S, Zhu S, Ye Y, Zeng FF. Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Mental Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2217-2236. [PMID: 36041185 PMCID: PMC9776730 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids might be involved in the prevention of and improvement in mental disorders, but the evidence on these associations has not been comprehensively assessed. This umbrella review aimed to appraise the credibility of published evidence evaluating the associations between unsaturated fatty acids and mental disorders. In this umbrella review, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies comparing unsaturated fatty acids (including supplementation, dietary intake, and blood concentrations) in participants with mental disorders with healthy individuals were included. We reanalyzed summary estimates, between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small-study effects, and excess significance bias for each meta-analysis. Ninety-five meta-analyses from 29 systematic reviews were included, encompassing 43 studies on supplementation interventions, 32 studies on dietary factors, and 20 studies on blood biomarkers. Suggestive evidence was only observed for dietary intake, in which higher intake of fish was associated with reduced risk of depression (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89) and Alzheimer disease (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87), and higher intake of total PUFAs might be associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.84). Evidence showed that PUFA supplementation was favorable but had weak credibility in anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia (P-random effects <0.001-0.040). There was also weak evidence on the effect of decreased circulating n-3 (ɷ-3) PUFAs among patients on risk of ADHD, ASD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (P-random effects <10-6-0.037). Our results suggest that higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids may relieve symptoms or reduce the risk of various mental disorders; however, the strength of the associations and credibility of the evidence were generally weak. Future high-quality research is needed to identify whether PUFA interventions should be prioritized to alleviate mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Gao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyan Wen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Junrong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wanze Ni
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shasha Han
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbin Ye
- Address correspondence to YY (E-mail: )
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15
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Monteiro CA, Astrup A. Does the concept of "ultra-processed foods" help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional classification systems? YES. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1476-1481. [PMID: 35670127 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recommendation to prefer unprocessed/minimally processed foods and freshly made meals instead of ultra-processed foods (following the Nova food classification system) is being increasingly adopted in new official dietary guidelines issued by national governments and international health associations. This recommendation is supported by systematic reviews and meta-analyses of nationally representative dietary surveys and long-term cohort studies. These data show that increased intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with poor-quality diets and with increased morbidity and mortality from several chronic diseases. Various attributes of ultra-processed foods acting through known, plausible, or suggested physiologic and behavioral mechanisms relate them to ill health, and it is likely that different combinations of attributes and mechanisms affect different health outcomes. Although more research should be done to identify these mechanisms, existing evidence is sufficient to recommend the avoidance of ultra-processed foods to optimize health and policies to support and make feasible this recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arne Astrup
- Obesity and Nutrition Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
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16
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He Z, Guo Q, Ling Y, Hong C, Liu Y, Jin X, Thanaporn P, Zhao D, Wang L, Liu L, Yan LL. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 polymorphism and multiple diseases: protocol for a quantitative umbrella review of meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2022; 11:185. [PMID: 36050775 PMCID: PMC9438126 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutant allele (*2) of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (ALDH2) caused by a single nucleotide variant (rs671) inhibits enzymatic activity and is associated with multiple diseases. In recent years, an explosive number of original studies and meta-analyses have been conducted to examine the associations of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism with diseases. Due to conflicting results, the overall associations of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and multiple diseases remain unclear. METHODS A quantitative umbrella review will be conducted on meta-analyses of genetic association studies to examine the pleiotropic effects of ALDH2 rs671, mainly including cardio-cerebral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and alcohol-induced medical disease. A search of relevant literature according to comprehensive search strategies will be performed on studies published before July 1st, 2022 in PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Study selection, data extraction, methodology quality assessment, and strength of evidence assessment will be conducted by two reviewers independently and in duplicate. Included meta-analyses will be grouped by outcomes. Data conflicts and overlap between meta-analyses will be managed through updated standardized and customized methods including the calculation of CCA for study selection reference, application of Doi plots to assess small-study effects and others. Evidence from included meta-analyses will be quantitatively synthesized by overlap-corrected analyses and meta-analysis using primary studies. DISCUSSION This umbrella review is expected to generate systematic evidence on the association between ALDH2 rs671 and diseases. Specific approaches were developed to address key challenges in conducting an umbrella review, including assessment tools of methodology and evidence quality of meta-analyses, methods to manage overlap between meta-analyses, a "stop-light" plot to summarize key findings. These approaches provide applicable methods for future umbrella reviews of meta-analyses on genetic association studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42021223812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting He
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qi Guo
- Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Yikai Ling
- Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Chuan Hong
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Xurui Jin
- MindRank AI Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Porama Thanaporn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Duan Zhao
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China.,School of Public Health, Hong Kong University, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Leiting Wang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Lijing L Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China. .,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No. 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China. .,Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Romano E, Ma R, Vancampfort D, Smith L, Firth J, Solmi M, Veronese N, Stubbs B, Koyanagi A. The association of cannabis use with fast-food consumption, overweight, and obesity among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 28 countries. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Romano
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, USA
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Ralph AF, Brennan L, Byrne S, Caldwell B, Farmer J, Hart LM, Heruc GA, Maguire S, Piya MK, Quin J, Trobe SK, Wallis A, Williams-Tchen AJ, Hay P. Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:121. [PMID: 35978344 PMCID: PMC9386978 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of eating disorders is high in people with higher weight. However, despite this, eating disorders experienced by people with higher weight have been consistently under-recognised and under-treated, and there is little to guide clinicians in the management of eating disorders in this population. AIM The aim of this guideline is to synthesise the current best practice approaches to the management of eating disorders in people with higher weight and make evidence-based clinical practice recommendations. METHODS The National Eating Disorders Collaboration Steering Committee auspiced a Development Group for a Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of eating disorders for people with higher weight. The Development Group followed the 'Guidelines for Guidelines' process outlined by the National Health and Medical Research Council and aim to meet their Standards to be: 1. relevant and useful for decision making; 2. transparent; 3. overseen by a guideline development group; 4. identifying and managing conflicts of interest; 5. focused on health and related outcomes; 6. evidence informed; 7. making actionable recommendations; 8. up-to-date; and, 9. accessible. The development group included people with clinical and/or academic expertise and/or lived experience. The guideline has undergone extensive peer review and consultation over an 18-month period involving reviews by key stakeholders, including experts and organisations with clinical academic and/or lived experience. RECOMMENDATIONS Twenty-one clinical recommendations are made and graded according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence levels. Strong recommendations were supported for psychological treatment as a first-line treatment approach adults (with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder), adolescents and children. Clinical considerations such as weight stigma, interprofessional collaborative practice and cultural considerations are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This guideline will fill an important gap in the need to better understand and care for people experiencing eating disorders who also have higher weight. This guideline acknowledges deficits in knowledge and consequently the reliance on consensus and lower levels of evidence for many recommendations, and the need for research particularly evaluating weight-neutral and other more recent approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Brennan
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia
| | - Sue Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jo Farmer
- Lived Experience Advocate, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura M. Hart
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabriella A. Heruc
- Eating Disorders and Nutrition Research Group (ENRG), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milan K. Piya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Quin
- Lived Experience Advocate, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah K. Trobe
- National Eating Disorders Collaboration, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Wallis
- Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, The Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Phillipa Hay
- Eating Disorders and Body Image (EDBI), Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Sabe M, Chen C, Sentissi O, Deenik J, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Schuch FB, Solmi M. Thirty years of research on physical activity, mental health, and wellbeing: A scientometric analysis of hotspots and trends. Front Public Health 2022; 10:943435. [PMID: 36016904 PMCID: PMC9396383 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.943435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The sheer volume of research publications on physical activity, mental health, and wellbeing is overwhelming. The aim of this study was to perform a broad-ranging scientometric analysis to evaluate key themes and trends over the past decades, informing future lines of research. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection from inception until December 7, 2021, using the appropriate search terms such as "physical activity" or "mental health," with no limitation of language or time. Eligible studies were articles, reviews, editorial material, and proceeding papers. We retrieved 55,353 documents published between 1905 and 2021. The annual scientific production is exponential with a mean annual growth rate of 6.8% since 1989. The 1988-2021 co-cited reference network identified 50 distinct clusters that presented significant modularity and silhouette scores indicating highly credible clusters (Q = 0.848, S = 0.939). This network identified 6 major research trends on physical activity, namely cardiovascular diseases, somatic disorders, cognitive decline/dementia, mental illness, athletes' performance, related health issues, and eating disorders, and the COVID-19 pandemic. A focus on the latest research trends found that greenness/urbanicity (2014), concussion/chronic traumatic encephalopathy (2015), and COVID-19 (2019) were the most active clusters of research. The USA research network was the most central, and the Chinese research network, although important in size, was relatively isolated. Our results strengthen and expand the central role of physical activity in public health, calling for the systematic involvement of physical activity professionals as stakeholders in public health decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sabe
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Thonex, Switzerland
| | - Chaomei Chen
- College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Othman Sentissi
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Thonex, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Deenik
- Scientific Research Department, GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Dragioti E, Radua J, Solmi M, Arango C, Oliver D, Cortese S, Jones PB, Il Shin J, Correll CU, Fusar-Poli P. Global population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders: a meta-umbrella systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3510-3519. [PMID: 35484237 PMCID: PMC9708560 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous risk factors for mental disorders have been identified. However, we do not know how many disorders we could prevent and to what extent by modifying these risk factors. This study quantifies the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant (Protocol: https://osf.io/hk2ag ) meta-umbrella systematic review (Web of Science/PubMed/Cochrane Central Register of Reviews/Ovid/PsycINFO, until 05/12/2021) of umbrella reviews reporting associations between potentially modifiable risk factors and ICD/DSM mental disorders, restricted to highly convincing (class I) and convincing (class II) evidence from prospective cohorts. The primary outcome was the global meta-analytical PAF, complemented by sensitivity analyses across different settings, the meta-analytical Generalised Impact Fraction (GIF), and study quality assessment (AMSTAR). Seven umbrella reviews (including 295 meta-analyses and 547 associations) identified 28 class I-II risk associations (23 risk factors; AMSTAR: 45.0% high-, 35.0% medium-, 20.0% low quality). The largest global PAFs not confounded by indication were 37.84% (95% CI = 26.77-48.40%) for childhood adversities and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 24.76% (95% CI = 13.98-36.49%) for tobacco smoking and opioid use disorders, 17.88% (95% CI = not available) for job strain and depression, 14.60% (95% CI = 9.46-20.52%) for insufficient physical activity and Alzheimer's disease, 13.40% (95% CI = 7.75-20.15%) for childhood sexual abuse and depressive disorders, 12.37% (95% CI = 5.37-25.34%) for clinical high-risk state for psychosis and any non-organic psychotic disorders, 10.00% (95% CI = 5.62-15.95%) for three metabolic factors and depression, 9.73% (95% CI = 4.50-17.30%) for cannabis use and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and 9.30% (95% CI = 7.36-11.38%) for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and ADHD. The GIFs confirmed the preventive capacity for these factors. Addressing several potentially modifiable risk factors, particularly childhood adversities, can reduce the global population-level incidence of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Mental Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Solmi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute (IiGSM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Manuello J, Verdejo-Román J, Torres Espínola F, Escudero-Marín M, Catena A, Cauda F, Campoy C. Influence of Gestational Diabetes and Pregestational Maternal BMI on the Brain of Six-Year-Old Offspring. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 133:55-62. [PMID: 35759804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes (GD) and maternal excess weight are common pregnancy conditions that increase the risk of future complications for both the mother and her offspring. Their consequences on neurodevelopment are widely described in the literature, but less is known concerning the potential transgenerational influence on the brain structure. METHODS We used a combination of support vectors machine and hierarchical clustering to investigate the potential presence of anatomical brain differences in a sample of 109 children aged six years, born to mothers with overweight or obesity, or to mothers diagnosed with GD during pregnancy. RESULTS Significant effects are visible in the brain of children born to mothers with GD associated with pregestational excess weight, especially overweight instead of obesity. No differences in children's brain were observed when considering those born to normal-weight mothers. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need for clinical attention of pregnant women at risk to develop GD, and especially those with pregestational excess weight, since this status was found to be associated with detectable transgenerational brain changes. These effects may be due to the absence of specific and individualized intervention in these mothers during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Manuello
- Gcs-Fmri, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Torres Espínola
- Euristikos Excellence Centre For Pediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; DR. Federico Oloriz Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Euristikos Excellence Centre For Pediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; DR. Federico Oloriz Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Franco Cauda
- Gcs-Fmri, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Euristikos Excellence Centre For Pediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; DR. Federico Oloriz Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research In Epidemiology and Public Health (Ciberesp), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biohealth Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain.
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22
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Grummitt LR, Kreski NT, Kim SG, Platt J, Keyes KM, McLaughlin KA. Association of Childhood Adversity With Morbidity and Mortality in US Adults: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:1269-1278. [PMID: 34605870 PMCID: PMC9059254 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Childhood adversity (CA) is a powerful determinant of long-term physical and mental health that is associated with elevated risk for chronic disease and psychopathology. However, the degree to which CA contributes to mortality as a preventable driver of ill-health and death is unknown. OBJECTIVE To estimate the contribution of CA to health behaviors, including smoking and sedentary behavior, as well as the annual mortality attributable to CA in the US through influences on leading causes of death (eg, cardiovascular disease). EVIDENCE REVIEW For this systematic review, the PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched on November 15, 2019. The databases were searched for publications from inception (1806 for PsycINFO, 1946 for MEDLINE) to November 15, 2019. Meta-analyses of the associations between CA and morbidity outcomes were included. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated from these associations along with the estimated US prevalence of CA. The PAF was then applied to the number of annual deaths associated with each cause of death to estimate the number of deaths that are attributable to CA. Additionally, the PAF was applied to the incidence of health behaviors to derive the number of cases attributable to CA. Exposure to 1 or more experiences of adversity before the age of 18 years was analyzed, including abuse, neglect, family violence, and economic adversity. FINDINGS A total of 19 meta-analyses with 20 654 832 participants were reviewed. Childhood adversity accounted for approximately 439 072 deaths annually in the US, or 15% of the total US mortality in 2019 (2 854 838 deaths), through associations with leading causes of death (including heart disease, cancer, and suicide). In addition, CA was associated with millions of cases of unhealthy behaviors and disease markers, including more than 22 million cases of sexually transmitted infections, 21 million cases of illicit drug use, 19 million cases of elevated inflammation, and more than 10 million cases each of smoking and physical inactivity. The greatest proportion of outcomes attributable to CA were for suicide attempts and sexually transmitted infections, for which adversity accounted for up to 38% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic review suggest that CA is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in the US and may be considered a preventable determinant of mortality. The prevention of CA and the intervention on pathways that link these experiences to elevated disease risk should be considered a critical public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Rachel Grummitt
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Noah T. Kreski
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Jonathan Platt
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Efficacy and acceptability of noninvasive brain stimulation interventions for weight reduction in obesity: a pilot network meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1705-1716. [PMID: 33972697 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity has recently been recognized as a neurocognitive disorder involving circuits associated with the reward system and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been proposed as a strategy for the management of obesity. However, the results have been inconclusive. The aim of the current network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of different NIBS modalities for weight reduction in participants with obesity. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining NIBS interventions in patients with obesity were analyzed using the frequentist model of NMA. The coprimary outcome was change in body mass index (BMI) and acceptability, which was calculated using the dropout rate. RESULTS Overall, the current NMA, consisting of eight RCTs, revealed that the high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left DLPFC was ranked to be associated with the second-largest decrease in BMI and the largest decrease in total energy intake and craving severity, whereas the high-frequency deep TMS over bilateral DLPFC and the insula was ranked to be associated with the largest decrease in BMI. CONCLUSION This pilot study provided a "signal" for the design of more methodologically robust and larger RCTs based on the findings of the potentially beneficial effect on weight reduction in participants with obesity by different NIBS interventions.
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24
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Janiaud P, Agarwal A, Tzoulaki I, Theodoratou E, Tsilidis KK, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JPA. Validity of observational evidence on putative risk and protective factors: appraisal of 3744 meta-analyses on 57 topics. BMC Med 2021; 19:157. [PMID: 34225716 PMCID: PMC8259334 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of observational studies and their meta-analyses is contested. Here, we aimed to appraise thousands of meta-analyses of observational studies using a pre-specified set of quantitative criteria that assess the significance, amount, consistency, and bias of the evidence. We also aimed to compare results from meta-analyses of observational studies against meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. METHODS We retrieved from PubMed (last update, November 19, 2020) umbrella reviews including meta-analyses of observational studies assessing putative risk or protective factors, regardless of the nature of the exposure and health outcome. We extracted information on 7 quantitative criteria that reflect the level of statistical support, the amount of data, the consistency across different studies, and hints pointing to potential bias. These criteria were level of statistical significance (pre-categorized according to 10-6, 0.001, and 0.05 p-value thresholds), sample size, statistical significance for the largest study, 95% prediction intervals, between-study heterogeneity, and the results of tests for small study effects and for excess significance. RESULTS 3744 associations (in 57 umbrella reviews) assessed by a median number of 7 (interquartile range 4 to 11) observational studies were eligible. Most associations were statistically significant at P < 0.05 (61.1%, 2289/3744). Only 2.6% of associations had P < 10-6, ≥1000 cases (or ≥20,000 participants for continuous factors), P < 0.05 in the largest study, 95% prediction interval excluding the null, and no large between-study heterogeneity, small study effects, or excess significance. Across the 57 topics, large heterogeneity was observed in the proportion of associations fulfilling various quantitative criteria. The quantitative criteria were mostly independent from one another. Across 62 associations assessed in both RCTs and in observational studies, 37.1% had effect estimates in opposite directions and 43.5% had effect estimates differing beyond chance in the two designs. Across 94 comparisons assessed in both MR and observational studies, such discrepancies occurred in 30.8% and 54.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging that no gold-standard exists to judge whether an observational association is genuine, statistically significant results are common in observational studies, but they are rarely convincing or corroborated by randomized evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Janiaud
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle #3172, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Karadag M, Yilmaz GC. What is the relationship between obesity and new circadian rhythm parameters in Turkish children and adolescents? A case-control study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:713-720. [PMID: 33818046 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the relationship between circadian rhythm parameters and obesity in children and adolescents is recognized, there are few studies on this topic. The concept of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) has been formulated recently, but its relationship with childhood obesity has not yet been established. Therefore, we thought that SJL might play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Accordingly, we aimed to compare circadian rhythm parameters between obese and normal-weight children and adolescents. METHODS Seventy-nine obese and eighty-two normal-weight children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years participated in this case-control study, which took place in the Mardin province of Turkey. Data were collected with a sociodemographic information form, the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS The average ages of the obese participants and controls were 12.3 ± 2.3 and 12.4 ± 2.2 years, respectively. Obese young people had greater evening preference, longer sleep debt duration, SJL duration and SJLsc duration, and higher Morningness-Eveningness Scale (MeScale) scores; and shorter mean sleep duration (p<0.005). In regression analyses, BMI z scores were significantly correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except SJLsc duration, while WC z scores were significantly correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except mean sleep duration. After adjustment, the high MeScale scores (OR: 1.142, p<0.05) and the presence of psychiatric disorder in the mother (OR: 15.075, p<0.05) were associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Circadian rhythm parameters can play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Future studies with larger samples and fewer confounding factors are needed to clarify the etiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karadag
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gulay Can Yilmaz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Medical School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Solmi M, Radua J, Stubbs B, Ricca V, Moretti D, Busatta D, Carvalho AF, Dragioti E, Favaro A, Monteleone AM, Shin JI, Fusar-Poli P, Castellini G. Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 43:314-323. [PMID: 32997075 PMCID: PMC8136381 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To grade the evidence about risk factors for eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder) with an umbrella review approach. Methods: This was a systematic review of observational studies on risk factors for eating disorders published in PubMed/PsycInfo/Embase until December 11th, 2019. We recalculated random-effect meta-analyses, heterogeneity, small-study effect, excess significance bias and 95% prediction intervals, grading significant evidence (p < 0.05) from convincing to weak according to established criteria. Quality was assessed with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. Results: Of 2,197 meta-analyses, nine were included, providing evidence on 50 risk factors, 29,272 subjects with eating disorders, and 1,679,385 controls. Although no association was supported by convincing evidence, highly suggestive evidence supported the association between childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa (k = 29, 1,103 cases with eating disorders, 8,496 controls, OR, 2.73, 95%CI 1.96-3.79, p = 2.1 x 10-9, AMSTAR-2 moderate quality) and between appearance-related teasing victimization and any eating disorder (k = 10, 1,341 cases with eating disorders, 3,295 controls, OR 2.91, 95%CI 2.05-4.12, p = 1.8x10-9, AMSTAR-2 moderate quality). Suggestive, weak, or no evidence supported 11, 29, and 8 associations, respectively. Conclusions: The most credible evidence indicates that early traumatic and stressful events are risk factors for eating disorders. Larger collaborative prospective cohort studies are needed to identify risk factors for eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Positive Ageing Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Moretti
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Busatta
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Angela Favaro
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Risk and protective factors for cannabis, cocaine, and opioid use disorders: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:243-251. [PMID: 33737104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several meta-analyses of observational studies have addressed the association between risk and protective factors and cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders, but results are conflicting. No umbrella review has ever graded the credibility of this evidence (not significant/weak/suggestive/highly suggestive/convincing). We searched Pubmed-MEDLINE/PsycInfo, last search September 21, 2020. We assessed the quality of meta-analyses with the AMSTAR-2 tool. Out of 3,072 initial references, five were included, providing 19 associations between 12 putative risk/protective factors and cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders (cases: 4539; N = 1,118,872,721). While 84 % of the associations were statistically significant, none was convincing. One risk factor (smoking) had highly suggestive evidence for association with nonmedical use of prescription opioid medicines (OR = 3.07, 95 %CI:2.27 to 4.14). Convincing evidence emerged in sensitivity analyses on antisocial behavior and cannabis use disoder (OR 3.34, 95 %CI 2.53-4.41). Remaining associations had weak evidence. The quality of meta-analyses was rated as moderate in two (40 %), low in one (20 %), and critically low in two (40 %). Future research is needed to better profile risk/protective factors for cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders disorders informing preventive approaches.
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Solmi M, Civardi S, Corti R, Anil J, Demurtas J, Lange S, Radua J, Dragioti E, Fusar-Poli P, Carvalho AF. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and tobacco related disorders: An umbrella review of observational studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 121:20-28. [PMID: 33248149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The credibility of evidence of various environmental risk factors for alcohol and tobacco use disorders (AUD/TUD) needs to be graded to identify groups to target with selective prevention. A systematic umbrella review was conducted (PubMed/PsycINFO), grading credibility of meta-analyses of prospective/retrospective observational cohort studies assessing risk/protective factors for AUD/TUD, applying established quantitative criteria. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Quality of eligible meta-analyses was assessed with AMSTAR-2. Out of 8464 unique references, 80 full text articles were scrutinized, and 12 meta-analyses, corresponding to 21 individual estimates of 12 putative risk/protective factors (n = 241,300), were included. In main analyses no association had convincing nor highly suggestive evidence for AUD/TUD. Six associations had suggestive evidence for AUD, two for TUD. Among these, in sensitivity analyses without >1000 cases criterion, convincing evidence emerged for parental alcohol supply, and impulsivity traits in college students for AUD, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for TUD. Other associations were supported by weak evidence/were not nominally significant. Few risk factors identified at-risk groups where selective preventative strategies could be developed to prevent AUD/TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Serena Civardi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Corti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - John Anil
- North American College of Information Technology, Scarborough, Canada
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda Usl Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences University of Linköping, SE- 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Solmi M, Dragioti E, Croatto G, Radua J, Borgwardt S, Carvalho AF, Demurtas J, Mosina A, Kurotschka P, Thompson T, Cortese S, Shin JI, Fusar-Poli P. Risk and Protective Factors for Personality Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Published Meta-Analyses of Case-Control and Cohort Studies. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679379. [PMID: 34552513 PMCID: PMC8450571 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative risk/protective factors for several personality disorders remain unclear. The vast majority of published studies has assessed personality characteristics/traits rather than disorders. Thus, the current umbrella review of meta-analyses (MAs) aims to systematically assess risk or protective factors associated with personality disorders. We searched PubMed-MEDLINE/PsycInfo databases, up to August 31, 2020. Quality of MAs was assessed with AMSTAR-2, while the credibility of evidence for each association was assessed through standard quantitative criteria. Out of 571 initial references, five meta-analyses met inclusion criteria, encompassing 56 associations of 26 potential environmental factors for antisocial, dependent, borderline personality disorder, with a median of five studies per association, and median 214 cases per association. Overall, 35 (62.5%) of the associations were nominally significant. Six associations met class II (i.e., highly suggestive) evidence for borderline personality disorder, with large effect sizes involving childhood emotional abuse (OR = 28.15, 95% CI 14.76-53.68), childhood emotional neglect (OR = 22.86, 95% CI 11.55-45.22), childhood any adversities (OR = 14.32, 95% CI 10.80-18.98), childhood physical abuse (OR = 9.30, 95% CI 6.57-13.17), childhood sexual abuse (OR = 7.95, 95% CI 6.21-10.17), and childhood physical neglect (OR = 5.73, 95% CI 3.21-10.21), plus 16 further associations supported by class IV evidence. No risk factor for antisocial or dependent personality disorder was supported by class I, II, and III, but six and seven met class IV evidence, respectively. Quality of included meta-analyses was rated as moderate in two, critically low in three. The large effect sizes found for a broad range of childhood adversities suggest that prevention of personality disorders should target childhood-related risk factors. However, larger cohort studies assessing multidimensional risk factors are needed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Mosina
- Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kurotschka
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Xia L, Zhao R, Wan Q, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Cui Y, Shen X, Wu X. Sarcopenia and adverse health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7964-7978. [PMID: 32924316 PMCID: PMC7643685 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this umbrella review was to assess the associations between sarcopenia and adverse health-related outcomes. DESIGN An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients with sarcopenia and controls without sarcopenia were included. MEASURES The PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for relevant systematic review and meta-analysis. AMSTAR and GRADE system were used for methodological quality and evidence quality assessments, respectively. RESULTS Totally 54 outcomes extracted from 30 meta-analyses were analyzed. Twenty out of 21 prognostic outcomes indicated that sarcopenia was significantly associated with poorer prognosis of gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, urothelial cancer, head and neck cancer, hematological malignancy, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Besides, 10 out of 16 postoperative outcomes suggested that sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of multiple postoperative complications and prolonged the length of hospitalization of patients with digestive cancer. In age-related outcomes, sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of dysphagia, cognitive impairment, fractures, falls, hospitalization, and all-cause mortality of elderly populations. Moreover, sarcopenia was also associated with higher level of albuminuria, risk of depression, and several metabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sarcopenia significantly affected a wide range of adverse health-related outcomes, particularly in patients of tumor and elderly populations. Because evidences of most outcomes were rated as "low" and "very low," more prospective cohort studies are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qianyi Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yaping Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoding Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Oral intake of mesoporous silica is safe and well tolerated in male humans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240030. [PMID: 33007031 PMCID: PMC7531782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precisely engineered mesoporous silica has been shown to induce weight loss in mice, but whether it is safe to use in humans have not investigated. Objective The aim was to determine whether oral dosing, up to 9 grams/day, of precisely engineered mesoporous silica as a food additive can be used safely in male humans. Design This single blinded safety study consisted of two study arms including 10 males each (18–35 years). One arm consisted of participants with normal weight and one with obesity. After a placebo run-in period, all subjects were given porous silica three times daily, with increasing dose up to 9 grams/day (Phase 1). Subjects with obesity continued the study with highest dose for additional 10 weeks (Phase 2). Results All participants completed Phase 1 and 90% completed Phase 2, with approximately 1% missed doses. Participants reported no abdominal discomfort, and changes in bowel habits were minor and inconsistent. The side effects observed were mild and tolerable, biomarkers did not give any safety concern, and no severe adverse events occurred. Conclusion Mesoporous silica intake of up to 9 grams/day can be consumed by males without any major adverse events or safety concerns.
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Soto-Angona Ó, Anmella G, Valdés-Florido MJ, De Uribe-Viloria N, Carvalho AF, Penninx BWJH, Berk M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a neglected metabolic companion of psychiatric disorders: common pathways and future approaches. BMC Med 2020; 18:261. [PMID: 32998725 PMCID: PMC7528270 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis in over 5% of the parenchyma in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. It is more prevalent in patients with diverse mental disorders, being part of the comorbidity driving loss of life expectancy and quality of life, yet remains a neglected entity. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increases the risk for cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. Both NAFLD and mental disorders share pathophysiological pathways, and also present a complex, bidirectional relationship with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related cardiometabolic diseases. MAIN TEXT This review compares the demographic data on NAFLD and NASH among the global population and the psychiatric population, finding differences that suggest a higher incidence of this disease among the latter. It also analyzes the link between NAFLD and psychiatric disorders, looking into common pathophysiological pathways, such as metabolic, genetic, and lifestyle factors. Finally, possible treatments, tailored approaches, and future research directions are suggested. CONCLUSION NAFLD is part of a complex system of mental and non-communicable somatic disorders with a common pathogenesis, based on shared lifestyle and environmental risks, mediated by dysregulation of inflammation, oxidative stress pathways, and mitochondrial function. The recognition of the prevalent comorbidity between NAFLD and mental disorders is required to inform clinical practice and develop novel interventions to prevent and treat these complex and interacting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Soto-Angona
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Nieves De Uribe-Viloria
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center/Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry, and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Solmi M, Dragioti E, Arango C, Radua J, Ostinelli E, Kilic O, Yilmaz UE, Yalcinay-İnan M, Soares FC, Mariano L, Mosillo P, Cortese S, Correll CU, Carvalho AF, Shin JI, Fusar-Poli P. Risk and protective factors for mental disorders with onset in childhood/adolescence: An umbrella review of published meta-analyses of observational longitudinal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:565-573. [PMID: 32931804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The patho-etiology of mental disorders with onset in childhood or adolescence remains largely unknown. We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses (MAs) on environmental factors associated with mental disorders with onset in childhood/adolescence. We searched Pubmed-MEDLINE/EMBASE/PsycInfo databases, last search April 29th, 2020. Quality of MAs was measured with AMSTAR-2. Out of 6851 initial references, ten articles met inclusion criteria, providing 23 associations between 12 potential environmental factors and nine disorders (cases: 8884; N = 3,660,670). While almost half of the associations were nominally significant, none of them met criteria from either convincing or highly suggestive evidence. A single association was supported by suggestive evidence (maternal exposure to lithium or antipsychotics with neuromotor deficits), but it was affected by confounding by indication. Ten more associations had weak evidence, and 12 associations were not statistically significant. Quality of meta-analyses was rated as high in two, moderate in one, low in four, critically low in two, and not pertinent in one (individual participant data). Methodologically-sound research is needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, SE- 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, United Kingdom; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ozge Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Arnóbio Marquês Street, 310, Recife, 50100-130, PE, Brazil; Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Mariano
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluca Mosillo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Boccellino M, D’Angelo S. Anti-Obesity Effects of Polyphenol Intake: Current Status and Future Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5642. [PMID: 32781724 PMCID: PMC7460589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased worldwide over the past three decades. The conventional approaches to prevent or treat this syndrome and its associated complications include a balanced diet, an increase energy expenditure, and lifestyle modification. Multiple pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been developed with the aim of improving obesity complications. Recently, the use of functional foods and their bioactive components is considered a new approach in the prevention and management of this disease. Due to their biological properties, polyphenols may be considered as nutraceuticals and food supplement recommended for different syndromes. Polyphenols are a class of naturally-occurring phytochemicals, some of which have been shown to modulate physiological and molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism. Polyphenols could act in the stimulation of β-oxidation, adipocyte differentiation inhibition, counteract oxidative stress, etc. In this narrative review, we considered the association between polyphenols (resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, and some polyphenolic extracts) and obesity, focusing on human trials. The health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. Some results are contrasting, probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), and chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used. But, in conclusion, the data so far obtained encourage the setting of new trials, necessary to validate benefic role of polyphenols in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Tubbs AS, Khader W, Fernandez F, Grandner MA. The common denominators of sleep, obesity, and psychopathology. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 34:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Violence and obesogenic behavior among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 62 countries: A global perspective. Prev Med 2020; 137:106123. [PMID: 32389676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to violence may be associated with increased risk for obesogenic behavior among adolescents but studies providing a global perspective are lacking. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship between violence and obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents from 62 countries. Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2009-2016 were analyzed. Information on violence (intentional injury, physical attack, physical fight) and obesogenic behavior (anxiety-induced sleep problems, low physical activity, sedentary behavior, fast-food consumption, carbonated soft-drink consumption) were self-reported. Associations were analyzed using meta-analysis based on country-wise multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 165,380 adolescents aged 12-15 years [mean (SD) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 50.9% boys] were included in the analysis. All types of violence were positively associated with higher odds for all types of obesogenic behavior with the exception of low physical activity. Associations were particularly pronounced for anxiety-induced insomnia. In contrast, intentional injury (OR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.64-0.81) and physical fight (OR = 0.90; 95%CI = 0.86-0.95) were associated with lower odds for low physical activity. In this large global sample of adolescents, exposure to violence was associated with all obesogenic behaviors apart from low physical activity. Multidimensional government programs and policies addressing exposure to violence among young adolescents may lead to reduction in obesogenic behavior and hence curtail the global obesity epidemic.
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Belvederi Murri M, Folesani F, Zerbinati L, Nanni MG, Ounalli H, Caruso R, Grassi L. Physical Activity Promotes Health and Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Depressed Populations: A Literature Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5545. [PMID: 32751902 PMCID: PMC7432205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is associated with premature mortality, largely explained by heightened cardiovascular burden. This narrative review summarizes secondary literature (i.e., reviews and meta-analyses) on this topic, considering physical exercise as a potential tool to counteract this alarming phenomenon. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with depression consistently present heightened cardiovascular risk, including "classical" risk factors and dysregulation of pertinent homeostatic systems (immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system). Ultimately, both genetic background and behavioral abnormalities contribute to explain the link between depression and cardiovascular mortality. Physical inactivity is particularly common in depressed populations and may represent an elective therapeutic target to address premature mortality. Exercise-based interventions, in fact, have proven effective reducing cardiovascular risk and mortality through different mechanisms, although evidence still needs to be replicated in depressed populations. Notably, exercise also directly improves depressive symptoms. Despite its potential, however, exercise remains under-prescribed to depressed individuals. Public health may be the ideal setting to develop and disseminate initiatives that promote the prescription and delivery of exercise-based interventions, with a particular focus on their cost-effectiveness.
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Borisenkov MF, Popov SV, Tserne TA, Bakutova LA, Pecherkina AA, Dorogina OI, Martinson EA, Vetosheva VI, Gubin DG, Solovieva SV, Turovinina EF, Symanyuk EE. Food addiction and symptoms of depression among inhabitants of the European North of Russia: Associations with sleep characteristics and photoperiod. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:332-342. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F. Borisenkov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Russia
- Ural Institute of HumanitiesUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Sergey V. Popov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Russia
- Ural Institute of HumanitiesUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Tserne
- Department of Molecular Immunology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Russia
| | - Larisa A. Bakutova
- Department of Molecular Immunology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Russia
| | - Anna A. Pecherkina
- Ural Institute of HumanitiesUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Olga I. Dorogina
- Ural Institute of HumanitiesUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
| | | | - Valentina I. Vetosheva
- Institute of Pedagogy and PsychologyPitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University Syktyvkar Russia
| | - Denis G. Gubin
- Department of BiologyTyumen Medical University Tyumen Russia
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Centre, Tomsk National Research Medical CenterRussian Academy of Science Tyumen Russia
| | | | | | - Elvira E. Symanyuk
- Ural Institute of HumanitiesUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
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Matheson BE, Colborn D, Bohon C. Bariatric Surgery in Children and Adolescents with Cognitive Impairment and/or Developmental Delay: Current Knowledge and Clinical Recommendations. Obes Surg 2019; 29:4114-4126. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Papola D, Ostuzzi G, Gastaldon C, Morgano GP, Dragioti E, Carvalho AF, Fusar-Poli P, Correll CU, Solmi M, Barbui C. Antipsychotic use and risk of life-threatening medical events: umbrella review of observational studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:227-243. [PMID: 31264708 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the risk of hip fracture, thromboembolism, stroke, myocardial infarction, pneumonia and sudden cardiac death associated with exposure to antipsychotics. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in Medline, Embase and PsycINFO from inception until 30/07/2018 for systematic reviews of observational studies. AMSTAR-2 was used for the quality assessment of systematic reviews, while the strength of associations was measured using GRADE and quantitative umbrella review criteria (URC). RESULTS Sixty-eight observational studies from six systematic reviews were included. The association between antipsychotic exposure and pneumonia was the strongest [URC = class I; GRADE = low quality; odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.62-2.09; participants = 28 726; age = 76.2 ± 12.3 years], followed by the association with hip fracture (URC = class II; GRADE = low quality; OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.42-1.74; participants = 5 288 118; age = 55.4 ± 12.5 years), and thromboembolism (URC = class II; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.31-1.83; participants = 31 417 175; age = 55.5 ± 3.2 years). The association was weak for stroke (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.24-1.70; participants = 65 700; age = 68.7 ± 13.8 years), sudden cardiac death (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.45-3.46; participants = 77 488; age = 52.2 ± 6.2 years) and myocardial infarction (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.41-3.46; participants = 399 868; age = 74.1 ± 9.3 years). CONCLUSION The most robust results were found for the risk of pneumonia, followed by the risk of hip fracture and thromboembolism. For stroke, sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction, the strength of association was weak. The observational nature of the primary studies may represent a source of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papola
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Ostuzzi
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Gastaldon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G P Morgano
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation centre and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Solmi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lifestyle behavioural risk factors and emotional functioning among schoolchildren: The Healthy Growth Study. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 61:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Amin A, Siddiq G, Haider MI, Khalid Choudry U, Nazir I. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy versus Lifestyle Modification in Class I Obesity in Pakistani Population: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2019; 11:e5031. [PMID: 31501724 PMCID: PMC6721885 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery has stated that bariatric surgery is indicated in Class I obesity patients with one or more comorbidities. However, other weight loss options, such as diet plus exercise, are available to patients with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 30 to 35 kg/m2. This study aimed to prospectively compare the results of Class I obesity patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or using a weight control program (WCP). Methods A prospective analysis was conducted of patients with Class I obesity and comorbid diabetes and hypertension, with follow-ups at 6, 12, and 18 months. Subjects were divided into two groups: the LSG group of patients who had undergone LSG, and the WCP group who adhered to a WCP. The percentage of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) and comorbidity remission (diabetes mellitus and hypertension) were tracked with measurements of hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C) levels and systolic blood pressure. Self-esteem was also tracked using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) at 0 and 18 months. The overall patient satisfaction score was calculated using a visual analogue scale. Results Of the 150 patients enrolled in the study, 106 were included in the LSG group, and 103 were included in the WCP group. The reduction in HBA1C was more pronounced in the LSG group, and the differences between the two were statistically significant after 6, 12, and 18 months (LSG 5.6 ± 0.47 vs. WCP 6.5 ± 0.64, CI 1.04-0.73, P < 0.05). At 12 and 18 months, there were statistically significant reductions in systolic blood pressure after LSG (LSG 134.2 ± 7.16 vs. WCP 145.63 ± 5.94, CI 13.2-9.6, P < 0.05). Self-esteem levels measured by the Rosenberg SES increased for all participants, while patient satisfaction score was higher in the LSG group than that in the WCP group (P < 0.05). The %EBMIL at 6 months in the LSG group was 35.48%, compared to the WCP group at only 7.23%. At 12 months, the %EBMIL had increased twofold in the LSG group, at 68.19%, compared to 14.53% in the WCP group. At the final 18-month follow-up, the %EBMIL in the LSG group was 99.60% but was only 25.70% in the WCP group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study elucidates a clear superiority of LSG over any structured WCP with regard to weight reduction, improvement in glycemic control, and reduction in blood pressure in Class I obesity patients. Additionally, patients having LSG reported markedly improved self-esteem and satisfaction when compared with those who undertook a WCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Amin
- General Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Ghulam Siddiq
- General Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | | | | | - Izza Nazir
- General Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
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Mahil SK, McSweeney SM, Kloczko E, McGowan B, Barker JN, Smith CH. Does weight loss reduce the severity and incidence of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis? A Critically Appraised Topic. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:946-953. [PMID: 30729517 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL QUESTION Does weight loss reduce the severity and incidence of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in obese individuals? BACKGROUND Obesity presents a rising public health challenge and is more prevalent among individuals with psoriasis or PsA than in the general population. Longitudinal population-based studies suggest a causal role for obesity in psoriasis and PsA onset and that obesity drives greater disease severity. METHODS We systematically reviewed evidence within the MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases and clinical trials registries examining lifestyle, pharmacological and surgical weight loss interventions in the treatment and prevention of psoriasis and PsA in obese individuals. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models, followed by sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Of 176 full-text articles reviewed, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of six randomized control trials (RCTs) confirmed that weight loss following lifestyle interventions (diet or physical activity) improves psoriasis compared with control [mean change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index -2·59, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4·09 to -1·09; P < 0·001]. One RCT demonstrated a greater likelihood of achieving minimal PsA activity following diet-induced weight loss (odds ratio 4·20, 95% CI 1·82-9·66; P < 0·001). Three studies of pharmacological treatments reported conflicting results, and no RCTs of bariatric surgery were identified. Two cohort studies suggested that bariatric surgery, particularly gastric bypass, reduces the risk of developing psoriasis (hazard ratio 0·52, 95% CI 0·33-0·81; P < 0·01). CONCLUSIONS These limited data indicate that weight loss can improve pre-existing psoriasis and PsA, and prevent the onset of psoriasis in obese individuals. Together with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence obesity guidance, this informed a local obesity screening and management pathway, providing multidisciplinary weight loss interventions alongside conventional skin-focused care for patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - S M McSweeney
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - E Kloczko
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - B McGowan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - J N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - C H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
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Monteleone AM, Cascino G, Solmi M, Pirozzi R, Tolone S, Terracciano G, Parisi S, Cimino M, Monteleone P, Maj M, Docimo L. A network analysis of psychological, personality and eating characteristics of people seeking bariatric surgery: Identification of key variables and their prognostic value. J Psychosom Res 2019; 120:81-89. [PMID: 30929713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interplay among personality traits, anxiety and eating symptoms in candidates for bariatric surgery has never been investigated through the network analysis approach. Thus, we aimed to use this method to identify the key psychological traits that characterize these individuals and to assess their role as predictors of surgical outcomes. METHODS One-hundred-eighty-five candidates for bariatric surgery filled in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Revised Restraint Scale, the Power of Food Scale and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) questionnaires. All these variables were included in a network analysis. Then, the most central network nodes were entered as independent variables in a regression model that included 9-month follow-up weight outcomes as the dependent variable. RESULTS The network has showed a good stability. TCI-self directedness and harm avoidance scores and STAI state and trait anxiety scores were the nodes with the highest centrality in the network. Weight outcomes were assessed in 64 patients at follow-up. Among central nodes, low TCI-self directedness was found to be the only significant independent predictor of worse weight outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show for the first time the interplay between personality traits and symptoms in candidates for bariatric surgery combining the network approach with a follow-up evaluation. Low self-directedness has been proved to be the node with highest centrality and the only predictor of short-term weight outcome. These data suggest the importance to take into consideration personality and psychological variables either in the pre-surgery assessment or as possible targets for pre or post-surgery psychotherapeutic interventions. ORCID 0000-0002-6786-4458.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pirozzi
- Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tolone
- Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianmattia Terracciano
- Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Parisi
- Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cimino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Cohen DA. Misleading title of review paper. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13081. [PMID: 30725493 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ashdown-Franks G, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Veronese N, Jackson SE, Smith L, Stubbs B, Koyanagi A. Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior and Obesity Among 116,762 Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years from 41 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:830-836. [PMID: 30859752 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rates of adolescent obesity are increasing worldwide, with steeper increases being observed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sedentary behavior (SB) has been associated with various physical and mental health conditions. Little is known about the association between SB and obesity among adolescents in LMICs. This cross-sectional study explored the associations between SB and obesity in adolescents from 41 LMICs. METHODS Obesity was measured using BMI; SB was assessed through self-report and was considered for all times except when subjects were at school or doing homework. RESULTS Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 116,762 adolescents (mean [SD] age 13.8 [1.0] years; 48.6% female). The overall prevalence of obesity was 4%, and the prevalence of ≥ 3 h/d of SB was 26%. The prevalence of obesity and SB were lowest in low-income countries and highest in upper-middle-income countries. SB for ≥ 3 h/d was associated with higher odds of obesity in 32 countries. This relationship was strongest among low-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Being sedentary for ≥ 3 h/d is associated with increased odds of obesity in adolescence. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm these findings and to inform interventions targeting SB among adolescents in LMICs, thereby reducing the prevalence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Aging Branch Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Firth J, Marx W, Dash S, Carney R, Teasdale SB, Solmi M, Stubbs B, Schuch FB, Carvalho AF, Jacka F, Sarris J. The Effects of Dietary Improvement on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:265-280. [PMID: 30720698 PMCID: PMC6455094 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor diet can be detrimental to mental health. However, the overall evidence for the effects of dietary interventions on mood and mental well-being has yet to be assessed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining effects of dietary interventions on symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS Major electronic databases were searched through March 2018 for all randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions reporting changes in symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in clinical and nonclinical populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine effect sizes (Hedges' g with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for dietary interventions compared with control conditions. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroups and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Results: Sixteen eligible randomized controlled trials (published in English) with outcome data for 45,826 participants were included; the majority of which examined samples with nonclinical depression (n = 15 studies). Nonetheless, dietary interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms (g = 0.162, 95% CI = 0.055 to 0.269, p = 0.003). Similar effects were observed among high-quality trials (g = 0.171, 95% C.I.=0.057 to 0.286, p=0.003) and when compared with both inactive (g = 0.114, 95% C.I.=0.008 to 0.219, p=0.035) and active controls (g = 0.224, 95% C.I.= 0.052 to 0.397, p = 0.011). No effect of dietary interventions was observed for anxiety (k = 11, n = 2270, g = 0.085, 95% C.I. = -0.031 to 0.202, p=0.151). Studies with female samples observed significantly greater benefits from dietary interventions, for symptoms of both depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Dietary interventions hold promise as a novel intervention for reducing symptoms of depression across the population. Future research is required to determine the specific components of dietary interventions that improve mental health, explore underlying mechanisms, and establish effective schemes for delivering these interventions in clinical and public health settings. REGISTRATION PROSPERO Online Protocol: CRD42018091256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- From the NICM Health Research Institute (Firth, Sarris), Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health (Firth, Carney), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Deakin University (Marx, Dash, Jacka), Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (Dash), Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Youth Mental Health Research Unit (Carney), Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Psychiatry (Teasdale), Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program (Teasdale), South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neurosciences Department (Solmi), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padua University Hospital (Solmi), Psychiatry Unit, Padua, Italy; Physiotherapy Department (Stubbs), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine (Stubbs), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Post Graduate Program in Health and Human Development (Schuch), La Salle University, Canoas, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (Schuch), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry (Carvalho), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)(Carvalho), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Black Dog Institute (Jacka), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (Jacka), Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Psychiatry (Sarris), University of Melbourne, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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fk. [Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:18. [PMID: 30778989 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Flegal KM, Ioannidis JPA, Doehner W. Flawed methods and inappropriate conclusions for health policy on overweight and obesity: the Global BMI Mortality Collaboration meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:9-13. [PMID: 30656860 PMCID: PMC6438342 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guideline recommendations and health policy decisions rely on evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies. Adequate methodology and appropriate conclusions are essential to support healthcare and health policy decisions. An analysis of body mass index and mortality by the Global BMI Mortality Collaboration (GBMC) concluded that the association of excess body weight with higher mortality was similar worldwide and that overweight and obesity should be combated everywhere. To reach this conclusion, the GBMC used highly selected data, rather than a systematic approach. The GBMC initially chose individual participant data from 239 prospective studies with approximately 10.6 million participants. The GBMC then excluded over 60% of data and over 75% of fatal events by eliminating all cases with any reported disease at baseline or smoking history and all events within the first 5 years of follow-up. After applying these restrictions, the association of overweight with lower mortality was reversed and the association of obesity with higher mortality was increased. Given the major flaws in the selection process, in the adequacy of the data, in the data analysis, and in the interpretation, the GBMC conclusions should be viewed sceptically as a guide to action, either for clinical decisions or for public health in general. The flawed conclusion that overweight is uniformly associated with substantially increased risk of death and thus should be combated in any circumstances may lead not only to unjustified treatment efforts and potential harm in a wide range of clinical conditions but also to a tremendous waste of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Flegal
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA.,Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism; Department of Cardiology (CVK), Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Smith CG, Davenport DL, Hoffman MR. Characteristics Associated with Prolonged Length of Stay after Myomectomy for Uterine Myomas. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26:1303-1310. [PMID: 30611974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To identify factors contributing to prolonged hospitalization for women undergoing myomectomy for uterine myomas. PATIENTS Women undergoing myomectomy for uterine myomas during 2014 to 2016 were identified by the Current Procedural Terminology code. DESIGN Retrospective population-based analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. SETTING Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was length of stay longer than the median (1 day). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were examined to determine predictors for prolonged length of stay (LOS). Seven thousand five hundred thirty-one women underwent abdominal or laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine myomas. Nonwhite race (black: odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01-2.51; Asian: OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27-1.85; other/unknown: OR = 2.82; 95% CI, 2.43-3.27), preoperative hematocrit <38% (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.52), body mass index ≥30.1 kg/m2 (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.21-1.53), preoperative blood transfusion (OR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.03-6.74), perioperative blood transfusion (OR = 6.64; 95% CI, 4.76-9.27), removal of ≥5 myomas (OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.28-1.70), and operative time >120 minutes (121-150 minutes: OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15-1.77; 151-180 minutes: OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.24-2.03; ≥181 minutes: OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10-1.69) predicted prolonged LOS. Laparoscopy protected against prolonged LOS (OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.09-0.13). CONCLUSIONS Limited potentially modifiable perioperative factors contributing to prolonged LOS for abdominal or laparoscopic myomectomy were identified and suggest areas for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark R Hoffman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Smith and Hoffman); Division of Gynecologic Subspecialties (Dr. Hoffman), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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