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Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
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Khandayataray P, Samal D, Murthy MK. Arsenic and adipose tissue: an unexplored pathway for toxicity and metabolic dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8291-8311. [PMID: 38165541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic-contaminated drinking water can induce various disorders by disrupting lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance. It inhibits adipocyte development and exacerbates insulin resistance, though the precise impact on lipid synthesis and lipolysis remains unclear. This review aims to explore the processes and pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis within adipose tissue concerning arsenic-induced diabetes. Although arsenic exposure is linked to type 2 diabetes, the specific role of adipose tissue in its pathogenesis remains uncertain. The review delves into arsenic's effects on adipose tissue and related signaling pathways, such as SIRT3-FOXO3a, Ras-MAP-AP-1, PI(3)-K-Akt, endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, CHOP10, and GPCR pathways, emphasizing the role of adipokines. This analysis relies on existing literature, striving to offer a comprehensive understanding of different adipokine categories contributing to arsenic-induced diabetes. The findings reveal that arsenic detrimentally impacts white adipose tissue (WAT) by reducing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. Epidemiological studies have hinted at a potential link between arsenic exposure and obesity development, with limited research suggesting a connection to lipodystrophy. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanistic association between arsenic exposure and impaired adipose tissue function, ultimately leading to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Khandayataray
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752057, India
| | - Dibyaranjan Samal
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Satya Sai University of Technical and Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, 466001, India
| | - Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Schön M, Prystupa K, Mori T, Zaharia OP, Bódis K, Bombrich M, Möser C, Yurchenko I, Kupriyanova Y, Strassburger K, Bobrov P, Nair ATN, Bönhof GJ, Strom A, Delgado GE, Kaya S, Guthoff R, Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Hauner H, Seissler J, Pfeiffer A, Blüher M, Bornstein S, Szendroedi J, Meyhöfer S, Trenkamp S, Burkart V, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Kleber ME, Niessner A, Herder C, Kuss O, März W, Pearson ER, Roden M, Wagner R. Analysis of type 2 diabetes heterogeneity with a tree-like representation: insights from the prospective German Diabetes Study and the LURIC cohort. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:119-131. [PMID: 38142707 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes can be represented by a tree-like graph structure by use of reversed graph-embedded dimensionality reduction. We aimed to examine whether this approach can be used to stratify key pathophysiological components and diabetes-related complications during longitudinal follow-up of individuals with recent-onset type 2 diabetes. METHODS For this cohort analysis, 927 participants aged 18-69 years from the German Diabetes Study (GDS) with recent-onset type 2 diabetes were mapped onto a previously developed two-dimensional tree based on nine simple clinical and laboratory variables, residualised for age and sex. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, insulin secretion was assessed by intravenous glucose tolerance test, hepatic lipid content was assessed by 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 were assessed by ELISA, and peripheral and autonomic neuropathy were assessed by functional and clinical measures. Participants were followed up for up to 16 years. We also investigated heart failure and all-cause mortality in 794 individuals with type 2 diabetes undergoing invasive coronary diagnostics from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) cohort. FINDINGS There were gradients of clamp-measured insulin sensitivity (both dimensions: p<0·0001) and insulin secretion (pdim1<0·0001, pdim2=0·00097) across the tree. Individuals in the region with the lowest insulin sensitivity had the highest hepatic lipid content (n=205, pdim1<0·0001, pdim2=0·037), pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6: n=348, pdim1<0·0001, pdim2=0·013; IL-18: n=350, pdim1<0·0001, pdim2=0·38), and elevated cardiovascular risk (nevents=143, pdim1=0·14, pdim2<0·00081), whereas individuals positioned in the branch with the lowest insulin secretion were more prone to require insulin therapy (nevents=85, pdim1=0·032, pdim2=0·12) and had the highest risk of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (nevents=184, pdim1=0·012, pdim2=0·044) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (nevents=118, pdim1=0·0094, pdim2=0·06). In the LURIC cohort, all-cause mortality was highest in the tree branch showing insulin resistance (nevents=488, pdim1=0·12, pdim2=0·0032). Significant gradients differentiated individuals having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from those who had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. INTERPRETATION These data define the pathophysiological underpinnings of the tree structure, which has the potential to stratify diabetes-related complications on the basis of routinely available variables and thereby expand the toolbox of precision diabetes diagnosis. FUNDING German Diabetes Center, German Federal Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture and Science of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Diabetes Association, German Center for Diabetes Research, European Community, German Research Foundation, and Schmutzler Stiftung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schön
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Prystupa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Mori
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oana P Zaharia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Bombrich
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clara Möser
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iryna Yurchenko
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yuliya Kupriyanova
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anand T N Nair
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gidon J Bönhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- 5th Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sema Kaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical Department 4, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Pfeiffer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Meyhöfer
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandra Trenkamp
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- 5th Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; SYNLAB MVZ für Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Kuss
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- 5th Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg and Mannheim, Munich, Germany
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Mladenović D, Vesković M, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Radić L, Macut JB, Macut D. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles - a novel cross-talk mechanism in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w. [PMID: 38285412 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is the best described risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) while the major pathogenic mechanism linking these entities is insulin resistance (IR). IR is primarily caused by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipids from visceral adipose tissue. Increased fatty acid mobilization results in ectopic fat deposition in the liver which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress resulting in increased cytokine production and subsequent inflammation. Similarly, IR with hyperinsulinemia cause hyperandrogenism, the hallmark of PCOS, and inflammation in the ovaries. Proinflammatory cytokines from both liver and ovaries aggravate IR thus providing a complex interaction between adipose tissue, liver, and ovaries in inducing metabolic abnormalities in obese subjects. Although many pathogenic mechanisms of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS are known, there is still no effective therapy for these entities suggesting the need for further evaluation of their pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a novel cross-talk mechanism between organs and include membrane-bound vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that may change the phenotype and function of target cells. Adipose tissue releases EVs that promote IR, the development of all stages of NAFLD/MASLD and PCOS, while mesenchymal stem cell-derived AVs may alleviate metabolic abnormalities and may represent a novel therapeutic device in NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of adipose tissue-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lena Radić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bódis K, Breuer S, Crepzia-Pevzner A, Zaharia OP, Schön M, Saatmann N, Altenhofen D, Springer C, Szendroedi J, Wagner R, Al-Hasani H, Roden M, Pesta D, Chadt A. Impact of physical fitness and exercise training on subcutaneous adipose tissue beiging markers in humans with and without diabetes and a high-fat diet-fed mouse model. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:339-350. [PMID: 37869933 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training induces white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging and improves glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial function in rodents. This could be relevant for type 2 diabetes in humans, but the effect of physical fitness on beiging of subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) remains unclear. This translational study investigates if beiging of scWAT associates with physical fitness in healthy humans and recent-onset type 2 diabetes and if a voluntary running wheel intervention is sufficient to induce beiging in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression levels of established beiging markers were measured in scWAT biopsies of humans with (n = 28) or without type 2 diabetes (n = 28), stratified by spiroergometry into low (L-FIT; n = 14 each) and high physical fitness (H-FIT; n = 14 each). High-fat diet-fed FVB/N mice underwent voluntary wheel running, treadmill training or no training (n = 8 each group). Following the training intervention, mitochondrial respiration and content of scWAT were assessed by high-resolution respirometry and citrate synthase activity, respectively. RESULTS Secreted CD137 antigen (Tnfrsf9/Cd137) expression was three-fold higher in glucose-tolerant H-FIT than in L-FIT, but not different between H-FIT and L-FIT with type 2 diabetes. In mice, both training modalities increased Cd137 expression and enhanced mitochondrial content without changing respiration in scWAT. Treadmill but not voluntary wheel running led to improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Higher physical fitness and different exercise interventions associated with higher gene expression levels of the beiging marker CD137 in healthy humans and mice on a high-fat diet. Humans with recent-onset type 2 diabetes show an impaired adipose tissue-specific response to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Bódis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saida Breuer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Assja Crepzia-Pevzner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Saatmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Springer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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7
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Zaharia OP, Antoniou S, Bobrov P, Karusheva Y, Bódis K, Kupriyanova Y, Schrauwen-Hinderling V, Gastaldelli A, Szendroedi J, Wagner R, Burkart V, Roden M. Reduced Insulin Clearance Differently Relates to Increased Liver Lipid Content and Worse Glycemic Control in Recent-Onset Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2232-2239. [PMID: 37874983 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes may feature impaired insulin kinetics, which could be aggravated by altered hepatic metabolism and glycemic control. Thus, we examined insulin clearance and its possible determinants in individuals with recent-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 306), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 489), or normal glucose tolerance (control [CON]) (n = 167) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps for assessment of whole-body insulin sensitivity (M value) and insulin clearance (ICCLAMP). Insulin clearance rates were further calculated during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ICIVGTT) and mixed-meal tests (ICMMT). Hepatocellular lipid content (HCL) was quantified with 1H-MRS. RESULTS Both T1D and T2D groups had lower ICCLAMP (0.12 ± 0.07 and 0.21 ± 0.06 vs. 0.28 ± 0.14 arbitrary units [a.u.], respectively, all P < 0.05) and ICMMT (0.71 ± 0.35 and 0.99 ± 0.33 vs. 1.20 ± 0.36 a.u., all P < 0.05) than CON. In T1D, ICCLAMP, ICIVGTT, and ICMMT correlated negatively with HbA1c (all P < 0.05). M value correlated positively with ICIVGTT in CON and T2D (r = 0.199 and r = 0.178, P < 0.05) and with ICMMT in CON (r = 0.176, P < 0.05). HCL negatively associated with ICIVGTT and ICMMT in T2D (r = -0.005 and r = -0.037) and CON (r = -0.127 and r = -0.058, all P < 0.05). In line, T2D or CON subjects with steatosis featured lower ICMMT than those without steatosis (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Insulin clearance is reduced in both T1D and T2D within the first year after diagnosis but correlates negatively with liver lipid content rather in T2D. Moreover, insulin clearance differently associates with glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in each diabetes type, which may suggest specific mechanisms affecting insulin kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Antoniou
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanislava Karusheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuliya Kupriyanova
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Göransson O, Kopietz F, Rider MH. Metabolic control by AMPK in white adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:704-717. [PMID: 37673765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays an important role in the integration of whole-body metabolism by storing fat and mobilizing triacylglycerol when needed. The released free fatty acids can then be oxidized by other tissues to provide ATP. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of metabolic pathways, and can be targeted by a new generation of direct, small-molecule activators. AMPK activation in WAT inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and in some situations also inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, but AMPK-induced inhibition of β-adrenergic agonist-stimulated lipolysis might need to be re-evaluated in vivo. The lack of dramatic effects of AMPK activation on basal metabolism in WAT could be advantageous when treating type 2 diabetes with pharmacological pan-AMPK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Göransson
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Franziska Kopietz
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark H Rider
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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10
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Tan Y, Tan S, Ren T, Yu L, Li P, Xie G, Chen C, Yuan M, Xu Q, Chen Z. Transcriptomics Reveals the Mechanism of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Ellagitannin in Improving Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder in db/db Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4187. [PMID: 37836471 PMCID: PMC10574348 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex metabolic disorder, type 2 diabetes, was investigated to explore the impact of ellagitannin, derived from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RTT), on liver lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice. The findings demonstrated that both RTT ellagitannin (C1) and RTT ellagic acid (C4) considerably decelerated body mass gain in db/db mice, significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and mitigated the aggregation of hepatic lipid droplets. At LDL-C levels, C1 performed substantially better than the C4 group, exhibiting no significant difference compared to the P (positive control) group. An RNA-seq analysis further disclosed that 1245 differentially expressed genes were identified in the livers of experimental mice following the C1 intervention. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that, under ellagitannin intervention, numerous differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolic processes, the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid synthesis, and other lipid metabolism-related pathways. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis results indicated that RTT ellagitannin notably upregulated the gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In contrast, it downregulated the gene and protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), recombinant fatty acid synthase (FASN), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Therefore, RTT ellagitannin can activate the PPAR signaling pathway, inhibit fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis, and ameliorate hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in db/db mice, thus potentially aiding in maintaining lipid homeostasis in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Tan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuming Tan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Qiandongnan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of National Medicine, Kaili University, Kaili 556018, China
| | - Guofang Xie
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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Karanfil AS, Louis F, Matsusaki M. Biofabrication of vascularized adipose tissues and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1539-1558. [PMID: 36789675 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in adipose tissue engineering and cell biology have led to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine for adipose tissue reconstruction. To date, the many in vitro and in vivo models developed for vascularized adipose tissue engineering cover a wide range of research areas, including studies with cells of various origins and types, polymeric scaffolds of natural and synthetic derivation, models presented using decellularized tissues, and scaffold-free approaches. In this review, studies on adipose tissue types with different functions, characteristics and body locations have been summarized with 3D in vitro fabrication approaches. The reason for the particular focus on vascularized adipose tissue models is that current liposuction and fat transplantation methods are unsuitable for adipose tissue reconstruction as the lack of blood vessels results in inadequate nutrient and oxygen delivery, leading to necrosis in situ. In the first part of this paper, current studies and applications of white and brown adipose tissues are presented according to the polymeric materials used, focusing on the studies which could show vasculature in vitro and after in vivo implantation, and then the research on adipose tissue fabrication and applications are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan.
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
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12
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Buyco DG, Dempsey JL, Scorletti E, Jeon S, Lin C, Harkin J, Bayen S, Furth EE, Martin J, Delima M, Hooks R, Sostre-Colón J, Gharib SA, Titchenell PM, Carr RM. Concomitant western diet and chronic-binge alcohol dysregulate hepatic metabolism. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281954. [PMID: 37134024 PMCID: PMC10155975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is significant overlap between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) with regards to risk factors and disease progression. However, the mechanism by which fatty liver disease arises from concomitant obesity and overconsumption of alcohol (syndrome of metabolic and alcohol-associated fatty liver disease; SMAFLD), is not fully understood. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mice were fed chow diet (Chow) or high-fructose, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (FFC) for 4 weeks, then administered either saline or ethanol (EtOH, 5% in drinking water) for another 12 weeks. The EtOH treatment also consisted of a weekly 2.5 g EtOH/kg body weight gavage. Markers for lipid regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were measured by RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, Western blot, and metabolomics. RESULTS Combined FFC-EtOH induced more body weight gain, glucose intolerance, steatosis, and hepatomegaly compared to Chow, EtOH, or FFC. Glucose intolerance by FFC-EtOH was associated with decreased hepatic protein kinase B (AKT) protein expression and increased gluconeogenic gene expression. FFC-EtOH increased hepatic triglyceride and ceramide levels, plasma leptin levels, hepatic Perilipin 2 protein expression, and decreased lipolytic gene expression. FFC and FFC-EtOH also increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Finally, FFC-EtOH enriched the hepatic transcriptome for genes involved in immune response and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In our model of early SMAFLD, we observed that the combination of an obesogenic diet and alcohol caused more weight gain, promoted glucose intolerance, and contributed to steatosis by dysregulating leptin/AMPK signaling. Our model demonstrates that the combination of an obesogenic diet with a chronic-binge pattern alcohol intake is worse than either insult alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfin Gerard Buyco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Dempsey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelsea Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia Harkin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susovon Bayen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jasmin Martin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monique Delima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Royce Hooks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jaimarie Sostre-Colón
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rotonya M. Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Wang LH, Wang YY, Liu L, Gong Q. From Diabetes to Diabetic Complications: Role of Autophagy. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2727-4. [PMID: 37115396 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications reduce quality of life and are life-limiting. At present, diabetes treatment consists of hypoglycemic agents to control blood glucose and the use of insulin-sensitizing drugs to overcome insulin resistance. In diabetes, autophagy is impaired and thus there is poor intracellular environment homeostasis. Pancreatic β-cells and insulin target tissues are protected by enhancing autophagy. Autophagy decreases β-cell apoptosis, promotes β-cell proliferation, and alleviates insulin resistance. Autophagy in diabetes is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and others. Autophagy enhancers can likely be used as a treatment for diabetes and its complications. This review examines the evidence linking autophagy to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
| | - Quan Gong
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
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14
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Errafii K, Boujraf S, Chikri M. Transcriptomic Analysis from Normal Glucose Tolerance to T2D of Obese Individuals Using Bioinformatic Tools. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076337. [PMID: 37047308 PMCID: PMC10093815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of white adipose tissue (WAT) in the occurrence and progression of metabolic syndrome is of considerable interest; among the metabolic syndromes are obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of T2D. When the target cells become resistant to insulin, the pancreas responds by producing more insulin to try to lower blood glucose. Over time, this can lead to a state of hyperinsulinemia (high levels of insulin in the blood), which can further exacerbate insulin resistance and contribute to the development of T2D. In order to understand the difference between healthy and unhealthy obese individuals, we have used published transcriptomic profiling to compare differences between the WAT obtained from obese diabetics and subjects who are obese with normal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The identification of aberrantly expressed messenger RNA (mRNA) and the resulting molecular interactions and signaling networks is essential for a better understanding of the progression from normal glucose-tolerant obese individuals to obese diabetics. Computational analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified multiple activated signaling networks in obesity progression from insulin-resistant and normal glucose-tolerant (IR-NGT) individuals to those with T2D. The pathways affected are: Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Extracellular signal-Regulated protein Kinase 1/2 ERK1/2, Interleukin 1 A (IL1A), Protein kinase C (Pkcs), Convertase C5, Vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), REL-associated protein (RELA), Interleukin1/1 B (IL1/1B), Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM1) and Nuclear factor KB1 (NFKB1) networks, while functional annotation highlighted Liver X Receptor (LXR) activation, phagosome formation, tumor microenvironment pathway, LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function, TREM1 signaling and IL-6 signaling. Together, by conducting a thorough bioinformatics study of protein-coding RNAs, prospective targets could be exploited to clarify the molecular pathways underlying the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Errafii
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
- African Genome Center, Mohamed IV Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43151, Morocco
| | - Said Boujraf
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Inserm Unite CNRS, Lille University UMR 1283-8199, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
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15
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Muhli E, Benchraka C, Lotankar M, Houttu N, Niinikoski H, Lahti L, Laitinen K. Aberrations in the early pregnancy serum metabolic profile in women with prediabetes at two years postpartum. Metabolomics 2023; 19:20. [PMID: 36961590 PMCID: PMC10038958 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrations in circulating metabolites have been associated with diabetes and cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES To investigate if early and late pregnancy serum metabolomic profiles differ in women who develop prediabetes by two years postpartum compared to those who remain normoglycemic. METHODS An NMR metabolomics platform was used to measure 228 serum metabolite variables from women with pre-pregnancy overweight in early and late pregnancy. Co-abundant groups of metabolites were compared between the women who were (n = 40) or were not (n = 138) prediabetic at two years postpartum. Random Forests classifiers, based on the metabolic profiles, were used to predict the prediabetes status, and correlations of the metabolites to glycemic traits (fasting glucose and insulin, HOMA2-IR and HbA1c) and hsCRP at postpartum were evaluated. RESULTS Women with prediabetes had higher concentrations of small HDL particles, total lipids in small HDL, phospholipids in small HDL and free cholesterol in small HDL in early pregnancy (p = 0.029; adj with pre-pregnancy BMI p = 0.094). The small HDL related metabolites also correlated positively with markers of insulin resistance at postpartum. Similar associations were not detected for metabolites in late pregnancy. A Random Forests classifier based on serum metabolites and clinical variables in early pregnancy displayed an acceptable predictive power for the prediabetes status at postpartum (AUROC 0.668). CONCLUSION Elevated serum concentrations of small HDL particles in early pregnancy associate with prediabetes and insulin resistance at two years postpartum. The serum metabolic profile during pregnancy might be used to identify women at increased risk for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Muhli
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Chouaib Benchraka
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mrunalini Lotankar
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Dou J, Thangaraj SV, Puttabyatappa M, Elangovan VR, Bakulski K, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific regulation of non-coding RNAs and their relation to coding RNA expression in prenatal testosterone and prenatal bisphenol-A -treated female sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 564:111868. [PMID: 36708980 PMCID: PMC10069610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate developmental exposure to steroids is linked to metabolic disorders. Prenatal testosterone excess or bisphenol A (BPA, an environmental estrogen mimic) leads to insulin resistance and adipocyte disruptions in female lambs. Adipocytes are key regulators of insulin sensitivity. Metabolic tissue-specific differences in insulin sensitivity coupled with adipose depot-specific changes in key mRNAs, were previously observed with prenatal steroid exposure. We hypothesized that depot-specific changes in the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) - regulators of gene expression would account for the direction of changes seen in mRNAs. Non-coding RNA (lncRNA, miRNA, snoRNA, snRNA) from various adipose depots of prenatal testosterone and BPA-treated animals were sequenced. Adipose depot-specific changes in the ncRNA that are consistent with the depot-specific mRNA expression in terms of directionality of changes and functional implications in insulin resistance, adipocyte differentiation and cardiac hypertrophy were found. Importantly, the adipose depot-specific ncRNA changes were model-specific and mutually exclusive, suggestive of different regulatory entry points in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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18
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Peng C, Miao Z, Wang Y, Cheng R, Shen X, He F. Sex discrepancy in establishing mouse visceral obesity model induced by high-fat diet. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:117-125. [PMID: 37283125 PMCID: PMC10407992 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a mouse visceral obesity model, and to investigate the effect of animal sex on this model. METHODS Thirty-two 4-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into female control group, female high-fat group, male control group and male high-fat group with 8 mice in each group.The control groups were given ordinary diet, and the high-fat groups were given high-fat diet. After 12 weeks of feeding, body weight, visceral fat, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, blood lipid and metabolism-related hormone levels were measured, and the composition of gut microbiota of mice was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS The high fat diet resulted in a significant increase of body weight and visceral fat content in male mice; the pathological results showed significantly increased fat area, accumulation of liver fat droplets, increased total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and serum insulin levels (all P<0.05), as well as significant insulin resistance (P<0.01). However, the above changes were not significant in female mice. Compared with the control groups, there was an increase in the relative abundance of obesity-related gut microbiota in the model groups (such as Blautia), and the microbiota structure changed significantly, while the changes were less obvious in female mice. CONCLUSIONS A visceral obesity mouse model has been stably established by feeding high-fat diet in BALB/c male mice, showing visceral fat accumulation, metabolic dysfunction and gut microbiota changes; while female mice are not sensitive in this obesity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Peng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhonghua Miao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Shen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhu W, Wang M, Xi P, Wang H, Tian D. Nicotinamide mononucleotide alters body composition and ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:548-562. [PMID: 36785893 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, leading to excessive adipose tissue accumulation. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is an important molecule in energy and signal transduction, and NAD+ supplementation therapy is a new treatment for obesity in recent years. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an energy metabolism regulator. The relationship between NAD+ and LKB1 has only been studied in the heart and has not yet been reported in obesity. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), as a direct precursor of NAD+ , can effectively enhance the level of NAD+ . In the current study, we showed that NMN intervention altered body composition in obese mice, characterized by a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. NMN reversed high-fat diet-induced blood lipid levels then contributed to reducing hepatic steatosis. NMN also improved glucose tolerance and alleviated adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, our data suggested that NMN supplementation may be depends on the NAD+ /SIRT6/LKB1 pathway to regulate brown adipose metabolism. These results provided new evidence for NMN in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengjiao Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Derun Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Zhu J, Wilding JP, Hu J. Adipocytes in obesity: A perfect reservoir for SARS-CoV-2? Med Hypotheses 2023; 171:111020. [PMID: 36742015 PMCID: PMC9889082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Research evidence suggests that adipocytes in obesity might facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication, for it was only found in adipose tissue of individuals with overweight or obesity but not lean individuals who died from COVID-19. As lipid metabolism is key to adipocyte function, and viruses are capable of exploiting and manipulating lipid metabolism of host cells for their own benefit of infection, we hypothesize that adipocytes could not only impair host immune defense against viral infection, but also facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication and assembly as a reservoir to boost the viral infection in obesity. The latter of which could mainly be mediated by SARS-CoV-2 hijacking the abnormal lipid metabolism in the adipocytes. If these were to be confirmed, an approach to combat COVID-19 in people with obesity by taking advantage of the abnormal lipid metabolism in adipocytes might be considered, as well as modifying lipid metabolism of other host cells as a potential adjunctive treatment for COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Adipocyte
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERGIC, ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- LDs, lipid droplets
- Lipid metabolism
- Obesity
- S protein, spike protein
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TAGs, triacylglycerols
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P.H. Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author
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21
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Zhang J, Jia Q, Li Y, He J. The Function of Xenobiotic Receptors in Metabolic Diseases. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:237-248. [PMID: 36414407 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a series of metabolic disorders that include obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The increased prevalence of metabolic diseases has resulted in higher mortality and mobility rates over the past decades, and this has led to extensive research focusing on the underlying mechanisms. Xenobiotic receptors (XRs) are a series of xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors that regulate their downstream target genes expression, thus defending the body from xenobiotic and endotoxin attacks. XR activation is associated with the development of a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, thus suggesting an important role for XRs in modulating metabolic diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of XRs in the context of metabolic disorders under different nutrient conditions is complex and remains controversial. This review summarizes the effects of XRs on different metabolic components (cholesterol, lipids, glucose, and bile acids) in different tissues during metabolic diseases. As chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of metabolic diseases, we also discuss the impact of XRs on inflammation to comprehensively recognize the role of XRs in metabolic diseases. This will provide new ideas for treating metabolic diseases by targeting XRs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review outlines the current understanding of xenobiotic receptors on nutrient metabolism and inflammation during metabolic diseases. This work also highlights the gaps in this field, which can be used to direct the future investigations on metabolic diseases treatment by targeting xenobiotic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy (J.Z., Y.L., J.H.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Q.J.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Wang CJ, Noble PB, Elliot JG, James AL, Wang KCW. From Beneath the Skin to the Airway Wall: Understanding the Pathological Role of Adipose Tissue in Comorbid Asthma-Obesity. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4321-4353. [PMID: 36715283 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a contemporary report on the role of adipose tissue in respiratory dysfunction. Adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body, accumulating beneath the skin (subcutaneous), around organs (visceral), and importantly in the context of respiratory disease, has recently been shown to accumulate within the airway wall: "airway-associated adipose tissue." Excessive adipose tissue deposition compromises respiratory function and increases the severity of diseases such as asthma. The mechanisms of respiratory impairment are inflammatory, structural, and mechanical in nature, vary depending on the anatomical site of deposition and adipose tissue subtype, and likely contribute to different phenotypes of comorbid asthma-obesity. An understanding of adipose tissue-driven pathophysiology provides an opportunity for diagnostic advancement and patient-specific treatment. As an exemplar, the potential impact of airway-associated adipose tissue is highlighted, and how this may change the management of a patient with asthma who is also obese. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4321-4353, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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24
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Jiang Y, Yue R, Liu G, Liu J, Peng B, Yang M, Zhao L, Li Z. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) in diabetes and its complications: Recent advances in mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5290-5340. [PMID: 36503329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired islet secretion that places a heavy burden on the global health care system due to its high incidence rate, long disease course and many complications. Fortunately, garlic (Allium sativum L.), a well-known medicinal plant and functional food without the toxicity and side effects of conventional drugs, has shown positive effects in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. With interdisciplinary development and in-depth exploration, we offer a clear and comprehensive summary of the research from the past ten years, focusing on the mechanisms and development processes of garlic in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, aiming to provide a new perspective for the treatment of diabetes and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of NanJiang, Bazhong, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxue Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Zhang W, Wang J, Wang L, Shi R, Chu C, Shi Z, Liu P, Li Y, Liu X, Liu Z. Alternate-day fasting prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and working memory impairment in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109146. [PMID: 36049672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternate-day fasting (ADF) regimen has been reported to alleviate obesity and insulin resistance. However, the effects of ADF on preventing diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cognitive deficits are still elusive. In the present study, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mouse model was established. Mice were treated with a 4-week long ADF regimen and/or switching the diet to a standard diet. ADF reduced lipid accumulation, activated AMPK/ULK1 signaling, and suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR. Also, ADF inhibited lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in the white adipose tissue and down-regulated expressions of PPAR-γ and cytokines. Moreover, ADF improved the working memory and synaptic structure in the DIO mice and upregulated PSD-95 and BDNF in the hippocampus. ADF reduced oxidative stress and microglial over-activation in the CNS. These results suggest that ADF attenuates NAFLD development in the liver of DIO mice, which is related to the mediating effects of ADF on autophagy and energy metabolism. ADF also enhanced cognitive function, which could be partly explained by the down-regulated peripheral inflammatory responses. This study indicates that ADF could be a promising intervention for alleviating NAFLD development and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiling Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pujie Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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26
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Pafili K, Kahl S, Mastrototaro L, Strassburger K, Pesta D, Herder C, Pützer J, Dewidar B, Hendlinger M, Granata C, Saatmann N, Yavas A, Gancheva S, Heilmann G, Esposito I, Schlensak M, Roden M. Mitochondrial respiration is decreased in visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals with fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1504-1514. [PMID: 35988689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Adipose tissue dysfunction is involved in the development of insulin resistance and is responsible for excessive lipid delivery to other organs such as the liver. We tested the hypothesis that impaired mitochondrial function is a common feature of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but may differently contribute to adipose tissue insulin resistance (IR) in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed tissue-specific insulin sensitivity using stable isotope dilution and hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp tests. We also assessed mitochondrial respiration, mRNA and protein expression, and tissue morphology in biopsies of SAT and VAT from obese humans without NAFL, with NAFL or with NASH (n = 22/group). RESULTS Compared to individuals without liver disease, persons with NAFL and NASH had about 30% (p = 0.010) and 33% (p = 0.002) lower maximal mitochondrial respiration, respectively, in VAT, but not in SAT. The lower maximal mitochondrial respiration of VAT was associated with lower adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (β = 0.985, p = 0.041) and with increased VAT protein expression of tumor necrosis factor A across all groups (β = -0.085, p = 0.040). VAT from individuals with NASH was characterized by lower expression of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV (p = 0.042) and higher mRNA expression of the macrophage marker CD68 (p = 0.002) than VAT from participants without NAFL. CONCLUSIONS Humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have distinct abnormalities of VAT energy metabolism, which correlate with adipose tissue dysfunction and may favor progression of NAFL to NASH. LAY SUMMARY Adipose tissue (commonly called body fat) can be found under the skin (subcutaneous) or around internal organs (visceral). Dysfunction of adipose tissue can cause insulin resistance and lead to excess delivery of fat to other organs such as the liver. Herein, we show that dysfunction specifically in visceral adipose tissue was associated with fatty liver disease. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT01477957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pafili
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pützer
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mona Hendlinger
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Saatmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofiya Gancheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Geronimo Heilmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlensak
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Neuwerk Hospital, 41066, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Circulating microRNA levels differ in the early stages of insulin resistance in prepubertal children with obesity. Life Sci 2022; 312:121246. [PMID: 36455651 PMCID: PMC10375861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity escalates the risk for related complications. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as good predictive markers of insulin resistance in those with obesity. The aim was to identify a circulating miRNA profile that reflects insulin resistance in prepubertal children with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma miRNAs were measured in prepubertal children (n = 63, 5-9 years) using TaqMan Advanced miRNA Human Serum/Plasma plates and then were validated by RT-qPCR. Subjects were divided into normal weight (n = 20, NW) and overweight or obese (n = 43, OW/OB) groups according to their BMI z-scores. The OW/OB group was further subdivided into insulin sensitive or metabolically healthy obese (n = 26, MHO) and insulin resistant or metabolically unhealthy obese (n = 17, MUO) according to HOMA-IR. KEY FINDINGS While no differences were observed in the fasting plasma glucose levels, serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in the OW/OB compared to the NW group. Of 188 screened miRNAs, eleven were differentially expressed between the NW and OW/OB groups. Validation confirmed increased circulating levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-18a-5p in the OW/OB group, which correlated with BMI z-score. Interestingly, miR-146a-5p was also correlated with HOMA-IR index. While only miR-18a-5p was upregulated in the OW/OB children, independently of their degree of insulin sensitivity, miR-146-5p, miR-423-3p and miR-152-3p were associated with insulin resistance. SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides evidence of molecular alterations that occur early in life in prepubertal obesity. These alterations may potentially be crucial for targeted prevention or prompt precision therapeutic development and subsequent interventions.
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Zhang J, Yi C, Han J, Ming T, Zhou J, Lu C, Li Y, Wang Z, Su X. Dose effect of high-docosahexaenoic acid tuna oil on dysbiosis in high-fat diet mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5531-5543. [PMID: 35368101 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of tuna oil, which is different from the fish oil commonly studied, and its higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content, have attracted much scientific attention in recent years. In this study, prepared tuna oil with higher DHA (HDTO) content was employed. It was the first to integrate microbiome and metabolome from a dose-effect perspective to investigate the influence of HDTO on gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice. RESULTS Higher DHA tuna oil was effective in reversing high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders and altering the composition and function of gut microbiota, but these effects were not uniformly dose dependent. The flora and metabolites that were targeted to be regulated by HDTO supplementation were Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Olsenella, glycine, l-aspartate, l-serine, l-valine, l-isoleucine, l-threonine, l-tyrosine, glyceric acid, glycerol, butanedioic acid, and citrate, respectively. Functional pathway analysis revealed that alterations in these metabolic biomarkers were associated with six main metabolic pathways: glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). CONCLUSION Various doses of HDTO could attenuate endogenous disorders to varying degrees by regulating multiple perturbed pathways to the normal state. This explicit dose research for novel fish oil with high-DHA will provide a valuable reference for those seeking to exploit its clinical therapeutic potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Congmin Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Shandong beiyou biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Szkudelski T, Konieczna K, Szkudelska K. Regulatory Effects of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Biguanide Drug, on the Metabolism of Primary Rat Adipocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165250. [PMID: 36014488 PMCID: PMC9415039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide compound commonly applied in humans with type 2 diabetes. The drug affects different tissues, including fat tissue. The direct influence of metformin on cells of fat tissue, i.e., adipocytes, is poorly elucidated. In the present study, the short-term (4-h) effects of metformin on lipogenesis, glucose transport, lipolysis, and lactate release in primary rat adipocytes were explored. It was demonstrated that metformin reduced insulin-induced lipogenesis and increased glucose transport into adipocytes. The tested compound also decreased lactate release from fat cells. It was shown that metformin substantially limited lipolysis stimulated by epinephrine (adrenergic receptor agonist) and dibutyryl-cAMP (direct activator of protein kinase A). Moreover, metformin decreased the lipolytic process triggered by DPCPX (adenosine A1 receptor antagonist). In the case of each lipolytic stimulator, the drug evoked a similar inhibitory effect in the presence of 3 and 12 mM glucose. The lipolytic response of adipocytes to epinephrine was also found to be reduced by metformin when glucose was replaced by alanine. It was demonstrated that the tested compound limits the release of both glycerol and fatty acids from fat cells. The results of the present study provided evidence that metformin significantly affects the metabolism of primary rat adipocytes. Its action covers processes related to lipid accumulation and release and occurs after relatively short-term exposure.
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Distinct Effects of Cannabidiol on Sphingolipid Metabolism in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissues Derived from High-Fat-Diet-Fed Male Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105382. [PMID: 35628194 PMCID: PMC9142011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Available data suggest that cannabidiol (CBD) may ameliorate symptoms of insulin resistance by modulating the sphingolipid concentrations in particular organs. However, it is not entirely clear whether its beneficial actions also involve adipose tissues in a state of overnutrition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of CBD on sphingolipid metabolism pathways and, as a result, on the development of insulin resistance in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues of an animal model of HFD-induced insulin resistance. Our experiment was performed on Wistar rats that were fed with a high-fat diet and/or received intraperitoneal CBD injections. We showed that CBD significantly lowered the ceramide content in VAT by reducing its de novo synthesis and increasing its catabolism. However, in SAT, CBD decreased the ceramide level through the inhibition of salvage and de novo synthesis pathways. All of these changes restored adipose tissues’ sensitivity to insulin. Our study showed that CBD sensitized adipose tissue to insulin by influencing the metabolism of sphingolipids under the conditions of increased availability of fatty acids in the diet. Therefore, we believe that CBD use may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating or reducing insulin resistance, T2DM, and metabolic syndrome.
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Georgiev A, Granata C, Roden M. The role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology and treatment of common metabolic diseases in humans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1248-C1259. [PMID: 35508191 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Common metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide. They frequently associate with insulin resistance and altered mitochondrial functionality. Insulin-responsive tissues can show changes in mitochondrial features such as oxidative capacity, mitochondrial content and turnover, which do not necessarily reflect abnormalities but rather adaption to a certain metabolic condition. Lifestyle modifications and classic or novel drugs can modify these alterations and help treating these metabolic diseases. This review addresses the role of mitochondria in human metabolic diseases and discusses potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asen Georgiev
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Amentoflavone-Enriched Selaginella rossii Warb. Suppresses Body Weight and Hyperglycemia by Inhibiting Intestinal Lipid Absorption in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040472. [PMID: 35454963 PMCID: PMC9024644 DOI: 10.3390/life12040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Selaginellaceae species are used as traditional medicines in Asia. This study is the first to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of Selaginella rossii (SR) in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed C57BL/6J mice. Seven-day oral administration of ethanol extract (100 mg/kg/day) or ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract (50 mg/kg/day) from SR improved oral fat tolerance by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption; 10-week long-term administration of the EtOAc extract markedly reduced HFD-induced body weight gain and hyperglycemia by reducing adipocyte hypertrophy, glucose levels, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels. Treatment with SR extracts reduced the expression of intestinal lipid absorption-related genes, including Cd36, fatty acid-binding protein 6, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 8, NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1. In addition, the EtOAc extract increased the expression of protein absorption–related solute carrier family genes, including Slc15a1, Slc8a2, and Slc6a9. SR extracts reduced HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing fatty acid transport to hepatocytes and hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, amentoflavone (AMF), the primary compound in SR extracts, reduced intestinal lipid absorption by inhibiting fatty acid transport in HFD-fed mice. AMF-enriched SR extracts effectively protected against HFD-induced body weight gain and hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption.
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Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050882. [PMID: 35269504 PMCID: PMC8909878 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases continues to rise, despite efforts to improve global health. The adipose tissue is now regarded as an endocrine organ since its multitude of secretions, lipids chief among them, regulate systemic functions. The loss of normal adipose tissue phenotypic flexibility, especially related to lipid homeostasis, appears to trigger cardiometabolic pathogenesis. The goal of this manuscript is to review lipid balance maintenance by the lean adipose tissue’s propensity for phenotype switching, obese adipose tissue’s narrower range of phenotype flexibility, and what initial factors account for the waning lipid regulatory capacity. Metabolic, hypoxic, and inflammatory factors contribute to the adipose tissue phenotype being made rigid. A better grasp of normal adipose tissue function provides the necessary context for recognizing the extent of obese adipose tissue dysfunction and gaining insight into how pathogenesis evolves.
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Friend or foe for obesity: how hepatokines remodel adipose tissues and translational perspective. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Emerging Roles of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis in Obesity. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 35024685 PMCID: PMC8659781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide, and it is also considered a major environmental factor contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, obesity worsens the course and impairs the treatment response of these inflammatory skin diseases. Emerging evidence highlights that hypertrophied adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells secrete a variety of molecules, including fatty acids and adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, and a panel of cytokines/chemokines that modulate our immune system. In this review, we describe how adipose hypertrophy leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state in obesity and how obesity-related inflammatory factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PSO and/or AD. Finally, we discuss the potential role of antimicrobial peptides, mechanical stress and impairment of epidermal barrier function mediated by fast expansion, and dermal fat in modulating skin inflammation. Together, this review summarizes the current literature on how obesity is associated with the pathogenesis of PSO and AD, highlighting the potentially important but overlooked immunomodulatory role of adipose tissue in the skin.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AT, adipose tissue
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- DC, dendritic cell
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- FFA, free fatty acid
- HFD, high-fat diet
- KC, keratinocyte
- OA, oleic acid
- PA, palmitic acid
- PSO, psoriasis
- SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis
- TC, total cholesterol
- TEWL, transepidermal water loss
- TG, triglyceride
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- Th, T helper
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- dFB, dermal fibroblast
- dWAT, dermal white adipose tissue
- sWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue
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Sekar M, Thirumurugan K. Autophagy: a molecular switch to regulate adipogenesis and lipolysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:727-742. [PMID: 35022960 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex epidemic disease caused by an imbalance of adipose tissue function that results in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance which further develop into type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adipose tissue is responsible for fat storage; white adipose tissue stores excess energy as fat for availability during starvation, whereas brown adipose tissue regulates thermogenesis through fat oxidation using uncoupling protein 1. However, hypertrophic fat storage results in inflammation and increase the chances for obesity which triggers autophagy genes and lipolytic enzymes to regulate lipid metabolism. Autophagy degrades cargo molecule with the help of lysosome and redistributes the energy back to the cell. Autophagy regulates adipocyte differentiation by modulating master regulators of adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is the process which stores excessive energy in the form of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets (LD) are dynamic cellular organelles that store toxic free-fatty acids into neutral triglycerides in adipose tissue. LD activates both lipolysis and lipophagy to degrade excess triglycerides. In obese tissue, autophagy is activated via pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by surplus fat stored in the adipose tissue. This review focused on the process of autophagy and adipogenesis and the transcription factors that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue. We have also discussed about the importance of autophagic regulation within adipose tissue which controls the onset of obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouliganesh Sekar
- Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shen F, Weng S, Tsai M, Su Y, Li S, Chang S, Chen J, Chang Y, Liou C, Lin T, Chuang J, Lin C, Wang P. Mitochondrial haplogroups have a better correlation to insulin requirement than nuclear genetic variants for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese individuals. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:201-208. [PMID: 34255930 PMCID: PMC8756312 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Identifying diabetes-susceptible genetic variants will help to provide personalized therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported a genetic risk score (GRS), computed by the sum of nuclear DNA (nDNA) risk alleles, that may predict the future requirement for insulin therapy. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has a close association with insulin resistance (IR), there are few studies investigating whether genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) will affect the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mitochondrial haplogroups were determined using mtDNA whole genome next generation sequencing and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nDNA susceptibility loci of 13 genes in 604 Taiwanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. A GRS of nDNA was computed by summation of the number of risk alleles. The correlation between the mtDNA haplogroup and the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The results were compared with the GRS subgroups for the risk of insulin requirement. RESULTS Mitochondrial haplogroups modulate the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes, in which patients harboring haplogroup D4, compared with those harboring non-D4 haplotypes, were less prone to require insulin treatment, after adjusting for age, gender, and diabetes duration. However, there was no association between insulin requirement and GRS calculated from nuclear genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial haplogroups, but not nuclear genetic variants, have a better association with the insulin requirement. The results highlight the role of mitochondria in the management of common metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Chih Shen
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shao‐Wen Weng
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Meng‐Han Tsai
- Department of NeurologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Jih Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and ImmunologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Sung‐Chou Li
- Genomics & Proteomics Core LaboratoryDepartment of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure StudiesNational University of KaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jung‐Fu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Hsiang Chang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Nuclear MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of NeurologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Tsu‐Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of NeurologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jiin‐Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of SurgeryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Wen Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Nuclear MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Vachkova E, Tacheva T, Penchev Georgiev I. Co-administration of oleic and docosahexaenoic acids enhances glucose uptake rather than lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell culture. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different types of long-chain fatty acids and their combination on the triglyceride accumulation, glucose utilisation, and lipolysis in already obese adipocytes. 3T3-L1 MBX cells were first differentiated into mature adipocytes using adipogenic inducers (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and high glucose), then 100 µM 0.1% ethanol extracts of palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were applied for nine days. Unsaturated fatty acids decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation while maintaining glucose utilisation levels. However, unlike OA, self-administration of DHA only intensified lipolysis by 25% vs induced untreated control (IC), which may have a direct detrimental impact on the whole body’s metabolic state. DHA applied in equal proportion with PA elevated triglyceride accumulation by 10% compared to IC, but applied with OA, enhanced glucose uptake without any significant changes in the lipogenic drive and the lipolytic rate, suggesting that this unsaturated fatty acids combination may offer a considerable advantage in amelioration of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Grigorova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zh. Ivanova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - E. Vachkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - T. Tacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - I. Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Huang Y, Tu M, Qian Y, Ma J, Chen L, Liu Y, Wu Y, Chen K, Liu J, Ying Y, Chen Y, Ye Y, Xing L, Zhang F, Hu Y, Zhang R, Ruan YC, Zhang D. Age-Dependent Metabolomic Profile of the Follicular Fluids From Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818888. [PMID: 35250874 PMCID: PMC8888916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Female fertility declines with age, and this natural variation culminates in reproductive senescence. Human follicular fluids are rich in low-molecular weight metabolites which are responsible for the maturation of oocytes. The metabolomic approaches are powerful tools to study biochemical markers of oocyte quality in the follicular fluids. It is necessary to identify and quantify the reliable metabolites in follicular fluids reflecting oocyte developmental potential. The goal of this study is to conduct a metabolomic analysis of the follicular fluids in women of different ages and study the metabolomic profile of the follicular fluids in relationship with oocyte quality in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. A total of 30 women seeking for ART treatment at the Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from October 2014 to April 2015 were recruited for the present study. Fifteen women aged from 39 to 47 were grouped as advanced maternal age, and the other 15 women aged from 27 to 34, as young controls. Ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval were conducted using a regular protocol involving mid-luteal pituitary down-regulation and controlled ovarian stimulation. Follicular fluids from mature follicles were collected and centrifuged for analyses. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to perform the quantitative metabolomic analysis. The follicular fluid levels of 311 metabolites and the metabolic significance were assessed. 70 metabolites showed significant differences between women with young and advanced ages. Follicular fluids from women with advanced age showed significantly higher levels of creatine, histidine, methionine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, choline, mevalonate, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine and gamma-glutamylvaline, as compared to those from the young age group. 8 metabolites were found significantly correlated with maternal age positively. Moreover, 3 metabolites were correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved, and 5 metabolites were correlated with cleaved embryo numbers, both negatively. The follicular fluids from women undergoing ART treatment exhibited age-dependent metabolomic profile. Metabolites associated with oocyte quality were identified, suggesting them as potential biomarkers for oocyte maturation and ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mixue Tu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Qian
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Ying
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanfeng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runjv Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chun Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Zhang, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-4795
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Vidal-Ostos F, Ramos-Lopez O, Blaak EE, Astrup A, Martinez JA. The triglyceride-glucose index as an adiposity marker and a predictor of fat loss induced by a low-calorie diet. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13674. [PMID: 34453322 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the putative role of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) computed as ln[TG (mg/dl) × glucose (mg/dl)/2] and derived proxies as predictors of adiposity and weight loss changes after a low-calorie diet (LCD) intervention. METHODS A total of 744 adult participants from the multicentre DIOGenes intervention study were prescribed a LCD (800 kcal/day) during 8 weeks. Body composition and fat content at baseline and after 8 weeks were estimated by DEXA/BIA. A multivariate analysis approach was used to estimate the difference in ΔWeight1-2 (kg), ΔBMI1-2 (kg/m2 ) or ΔFat1-2 (%) between the basal value (point 1) and after 8 weeks following a LCD (point 2), respectively. The TyG index at baseline (TyG1 ), after following the LCD for 8 weeks (TyG2 ) or the TyG index differences between both time points (ΔTyG1-2 ) were analysed as predictors of weight and fat changes. RESULTS TyG1 was associated with ΔWeight1-2 (kg) and ΔBMI1-2 (kg/m2 ), with β = 0.812 (p = .017) and β = 0.265 (p = .018), respectively. Also, TyG2 values were inversely related to ΔFat1-2 (%), β = -1.473 (p = .015). Moreover, ΔTyG1-2 was associated with ΔWeight1-2 (kg) and ΔFat1-2 (%), β = 0.689 (p = .045) and β = 1.764 (p = .002), respectively. Furthermore, an association between TyG2 and resistance to fat loss was found (p = .015). CONCLUSION TyG1 index is a good predictor of weight loss induced by LCD. Moreover, TyG2 was closely related to resistance to fat loss, while ΔTyG1-2 values were positively associated with body fat changes. Therefore, TyG index and derived estimations could be used as markers of individualized responses to energy restriction and a surrogate of body composition outcomes in clinical/epidemiological settings in obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Sahl RE, Høy Helms EF, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Ingersen A, Morville T, Dela F, Helge JW, Larsen S. Reliability and variation in mitochondrial respiration in human adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2021; 10:605-611. [PMID: 34709990 PMCID: PMC8632116 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1991617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue mitochondrial function is gaining increasing interest since it is a good marker of overall health. Methodological challenges and variability in assessing mitochondrial respiration in fresh adipose tissue with high-resolution respirometry are unknown and should be explored. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity (MRC) in human adipose tissue declines in a gradual manner when analyses are postponed 3 h and 24 h, with a statistically significant decline 24 h after obtaining the biopsy. This decline in MRC is associated with a reduced integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane at both time points. This study suggests that the optimal amount of tissue to be used is 20 mg and that different technicians handling the biopsy do not affect MRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Eg Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Eva Frederikke Høy Helms
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Malte Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Mathias Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
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Rondini EA, Ramseyer VD, Burl RB, Pique-Regi R, Granneman JG. Single cell functional genomics reveals plasticity of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) during early postnatal development. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101307. [PMID: 34298199 PMCID: PMC8385178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study addresses the cellular complexity and plasticity of subcutaneous (inguinal) white adipose tissue (iWAT) in mice during the critical periods of perinatal growth and establishment. METHODS We performed a large-scale single cell transcriptomic (scRNA-seq) and epigenomic (snATAC-seq) characterization of cellular subtypes (adipose stromal cells (ASC) and adipocyte nuclei) during inguinal WAT (subcutaneous; iWAT) development in mice, capturing the early postnatal period (postnatal days (PND) 06 and 18) through adulthood (PND56). RESULTS Perinatal and adult iWAT contain 3 major ASC subtypes that can be independently identified by RNA expression profiles and DNA transposase accessibility. Furthermore, the transcriptomes and enhancer landscapes of both ASC and adipocytes dynamically change during postnatal development. Perinatal ASC (PND06) are highly enriched for several imprinted genes (IGs; e.g., Mest, H19, Igf2) and extracellular matrix proteins whose expression then declines prior to weaning (PND18). By comparison, adult ASC (PND56) are more enriched for transcripts associated with immunoregulation, oxidative stress, and integrin signaling. Two clusters of mature adipocytes, identified through single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), were distinctive for proinflammatory/immune or metabolic gene expression patterns that became more transcriptionally diverse in adult animals. Single nuclei assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (snATAC-seq) revealed that differences in gene expression were associated with developmental changes in chromatin accessibility and predicted transcription factor motifs (e.g., Plagl1, Ar) in both stromal cells and adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide new insights into transcriptional and epigenomic signaling networks important during iWAT establishment at a single cell resolution, with important implications for the field of metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vanesa D Ramseyer
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rayanne B Burl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Gastaldelli A, Sabatini S, Carli F, Gaggini M, Bril F, Belfort‐DeAguiar R, Positano V, Barb D, Kadiyala S, Harrison S, Cusi K. PPAR-γ-induced changes in visceral fat and adiponectin levels are associated with improvement of steatohepatitis in patients with NASH. Liver Int 2021; 41:2659-2670. [PMID: 34219361 PMCID: PMC9290929 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists decrease hepatic/visceral fat (VF) and improve necroinflammation despite subcutaneous (SC) fat weight-gain. Understanding the impact of changes in VF, VF-to-SC fat distribution (VF/SC) and adiponectin (ADPN) levels in relation to histological improvement after weight-loss or pioglitazone is relevant as novel PPAR-γ agonists are being developed for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Fifty-five patients with NASH received a -500 kcal/d hypocaloric diet and were randomized (double-blind) to pioglitazone (45 mg/d) or placebo for 6-months. Before and after treatment patients underwent a liver biopsy and measurement of hepatic/peripheral glucose fluxes, hepatic/adipose tissue-IR and, in 35 patients, hepatic and VF/SC-fat was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging. Data were examined by multivariable statistical analyses combined with machine-learning techniques (partial least square discriminant analysis [PLS-DA]). RESULTS Both pioglitazone (despite weight-gain) and placebo (if weight-loss) reduced steatosis but only pioglitazone ameliorated necroinflammation. Using machine-learning PLS-DA showed that the treatment differences induced by a PPAR-γ agonist vs placebo on metabolic variables and liver histology could be best explained by the increase in ADPN and a decrease in VF/SC, and to a lesser degree, improvement in oral glucose tolerance test-glucose concentrations and ALT. Decrease in steatosis and disease activity score (ballooning plus lobular inflammation) kept a close relationship with an increase in ADPN (r = -.71 and r = -.44, P < .007, respectively) and reduction in VF/SC fat (r = .41 and r = .37, P < .03 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Reduction in VF and improved VF/SC-distribution, combined with an increase in ADPN, mediate the histological benefits of PPAR-γ action, highlighting the central role of fat metabolism and its distribution on steatohepatitis disease activity in patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Gastaldelli
- Diabetes DivisionThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA,Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research CouncilCNRPisaItaly
| | - Silvia Sabatini
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research CouncilCNRPisaItaly,Università degli Studi di SienaSienaItaly
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research CouncilCNRPisaItaly
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research CouncilCNRPisaItaly
| | - Fernando Bril
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Renata Belfort‐DeAguiar
- Department of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | - Diana Barb
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Sushma Kadiyala
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismMalcom Randall Veteran Administration Medical Center at GainesvilleGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismMalcom Randall Veteran Administration Medical Center at GainesvilleGainesvilleFLUSA
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Wang C, Chen Z, Zhao X, Lin C, Hong S, Lou Y, Shi X, Zhao M, Yang X, Guan MX, Xi Y. Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Effects of Resveratrol on Endometriosis in aRat Model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4141-4155. [PMID: 34616146 PMCID: PMC8487867 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s323790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometriosis (EMs) is associated with severe chronic pelvic pain and infertility and the development of improved EMs treatment options is an ongoing focus. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on EMs and analyzed transcriptional changes in the lesions of model rats before and after resveratrol treatment. Methods We established arat model of endometriosis through the trans-implantation of endometrial fragments to the peritoneal wall and then used resveratrol as treatment. We then analyzed the results using RNA sequencing of the lesion tissues of each of the model rats before resveratrol treatment and the reduced lesion tissues after the treatment. Examinations of anatomy, biochemistry, immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry examinations were also conducted. Other trans-implanted rats were also given sham treatments as sham-treatment control and other untrans-implanted rats served as sham-operation controls. Results In addition to the obvious lesions observed in the model rats, there were significant differences in the glucose tolerance, macrophage M1/M2 polarization, and adipocyte sizes between the treated model rats and sham (control) rats. Resveratrol treatment in the model rats showed significant efficacy and positive therapeutic effect. Transcriptional analysis showed that the effects of resveratrol on the endometriosis model rats were manifested by alterations in the PPAR, insulin resistance, MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Correspondingly, changes in PPARγ activation, M1/M2 polarization and lipid metabolism were also detected after resveratrol treatment. Discussion Our study revealed that resveratrol treatment displayed efficient therapeutic effects for EMs model rats, probably through its important roles in anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and lipid-related metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyun Chen
- The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlei Zhao
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Lin
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Lou
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University; Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Lee D, Kim DW, Yoon S, Nam AR, Lee KH, Nam KH, Cho SM, Yoon Y, Cho JY. CXCL5 secreted from macrophages during cold exposure mediates white adipose tissue browning. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100117. [PMID: 34537202 PMCID: PMC8512628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue affects metabolic-related diseases because it consists of various cell types involved in fat metabolism and adipokine release. CXC ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a member of the CXC chemokine family and is highly expressed by macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we generated and investigated the function of CXCL5 in knockout (KO) mice using CRISPR/Cas9. The male KO mice did not show significant phenotype differences in normal conditions. However, proteomic analysis revealed that many proteins involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and mitochondrial localization were enriched in the inguinal WAT (iWAT) of Cxcl5 KO mice. Cxcl5 KO mice also showed decreased protein and transcript expression of genes associated with thermogenesis, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a well-known thermogenic gene, and increased expression of genes associated with inflammation. The increase in UCP1 expression in cold conditions was significantly retarded in Cxcl5 KO mice. Finally, we found that CXCL5 treatment increased the expression of transcription factors that mediate Ucp1 expression and Ucp1 itself. Collectively, our data show that Ucp1 expression is induced in adipocytes by CXCL5, which is secreted upon β-adrenergic stimulation by cold stimulation in M1 macrophages. Our data indicate that CXCL5 plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism, particularly upon cold exposure. These results strongly suggest that targeting CXCL5 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for people suffering from disorders affecting energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Reum Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institution of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Cho
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institution of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungju, South Korea
| | - Yeodae Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institution of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungju, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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46
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Hanttu A, Vuoti S, Kivelä P, Arkkila P, Lundbom N, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lehtimäki T, Viskari H, Lehtinen V, Pietiläinen KH, Sutinen J. Liver Fat, Adipose Tissue, and Body Composition Changes After Switching from a Protease Inhibitor or Efavirenz to Raltegravir. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:335-341. [PMID: 34524919 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2021.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrase inhibitors appear to increase body weight, but paradoxically some data indicate that raltegravir (RAL) may decrease liver fat. Our objective was to study the effects of switching from a protease inhibitor (PI) or efavirenz (EFV) to RAL on liver fat, body composition, and metabolic parameters among people living with HIV (PLWH) with high risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We randomized overweight PLWH with signs of metabolic syndrome to switch a PI or EFV to RAL (n = 19) or to continue unchanged antiretroviral therapy (control, n = 24) for 24 weeks. Liver fat was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), body composition by magnetic resonance imaging, and bioimpedance analysis; subcutaneous fat biopsies were obtained. Median (interquartile range) liver fat content was normal in RAL 2.3% (1.1-6.0) and control 3.1% (1.6-7.3) group at baseline. Liver fat and visceral adipose tissue remained unchanged during the study. Body weight [from 85.9 kg (76.1-97.7) to 89.3 (78.7-98.7), p = 0.019], body fat mass [from 20.3 kg (14.6-29.7) to 22.7 (17.0-29.7), p = 0.015], and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume [from 3979 mL (2068-6468) to 4043 (2206-6433), p = 0.048] increased, yet, adipocyte size [from 564 pL (437-733) to 478 (423-587), p = 0.019] decreased in RAL but remained unchanged in control group. Circulating lipids and inflammatory markers improved in RAL compared to control group. The median liver fat measured by MRS was unexpectedly within normal range in this relatively small study population with presumably high risk for NAFLD contradicting high prevalence of NAFLD reported with other methods. Despite weight gain, increase in SAT together with decreased adipocyte size and reduced inflammation may reflect improved adipose tissue function. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03374358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanttu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sauli Vuoti
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Department of Gastroenterology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Lehtimäki
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Viskari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Lehtinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Päijät-Häme, Lahti, Finland
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sutinen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Imai M, Kawakami F, Kubo M, Kanzaki M, Maruyama H, Kawashima R, Maekawa T, Kurosaki Y, Kojima F, Ichikawa T. LRRK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Glucose Intolerance via Prevents Impairment in GLUT4 Membrane Translocation in Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1660-1668. [PMID: 33132310 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is a large protein with multiple functional domains, including a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding domain and a protein kinase domain. Recent studies indicated that the members of the Rab GTPase family, Rab8a and Rab10, which are involved in the membrane transport of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) during insulin-dependent glucose uptake, are phosphorylated by LRRK2. However, the physiological role of LRRK2 in the regulation of glucose metabolism is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of LRRK2 using dexamethasone (DEX)-induced glucose intolerance in mice. LRRK2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited suppressed glucose intolerance, even after treatment with DEX. The phosphorylation of LRRK2, Rab8a and Rab10 was increased in the adipose tissues of DEX-treated wild-type mice. In addition, inhibition of the LRRK2 kinase activity prevented the DEX-induced inhibition of GLUT4 membrane translocation and glucose uptake in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that LRRK2 plays an important role in glucose metabolism in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Imai
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Fumitaka Kawakami
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University.,Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroko Maruyama
- Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science.,Department of Cytopathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Rei Kawashima
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University.,Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science
| | - Tatsunori Maekawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University.,Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science
| | - Yoshifumi Kurosaki
- Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University.,Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science
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48
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Kim AK, Kwon DW, Yeom E, Lee KP, Kwon KS, Yu K, Lee KS. Lipophorin receptor 1 (LpR1) in Drosophila muscle influences life span by regulating mitochondrial aging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:95-102. [PMID: 34217014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function during aging. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and related metabolic defects precede age-related changes in muscle, their contributions to muscle aging are still not well known. In this study, we used a Drosophila model to investigate the role of lipophorin receptors (LpRs), a Drosophila homologue of the mammalian very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), in mitochondrial dynamics and muscle aging. Muscle-specific knockdown of LpR1 or LpR2 resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced proteostasis, which contributed to muscle aging. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ameliorated muscle dysfunction induced by LpR1 knockdown. These results suggest that LpR1/VLDLR is a novel key target that modulates age-dependent lipid remodeling and muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Kyeong Kim
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Kwon
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Tunneling Nanotube Research Cnter, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Aging Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Aventi Inc. Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Aging Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Aventi Inc. Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Convergence Research Center of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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49
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Wu Y, Lou X. Multifocal lipoatrophy secondary to insulin injection in a patient with type 2 diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, and liver cirrhosis. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521990237. [PMID: 33682487 PMCID: PMC7944535 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521990237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoatrophy secondary to insulin injection is a rare complication of insulin use. Localized lipoatrophy is recognized by a loss of subcutaneous fat caused by insulin injection. We report the case of a 69-year-old non-obese female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, decompensated liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who developed multifocal lipoatrophy during the administration of human insulin and an insulin analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojia Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Xochitl AF, Rosalía RC, Minerva RG, Mendoza-Sánchez M, Mora O, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Polyphenols and avenanthramides extracted from oat (Avena sativa L.) grains and sprouts modulate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13738. [PMID: 33899247 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyphenol (PE) and avenanthramide (AE) extracts from oat grains (OG) and sprouts (OS) on genes related to glucose and lipid metabolisms in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. The AE-OS exerted the greatest effect on genes involved in glucose metabolism, increasing Glut4, Irs1, and Pi3k expression by 3.0- to 3.9-fold. Conversely, the PE-OS exerted the greatest effect on genes involved in lipid metabolism, decreasing Fasn and Acaca expression by 0.2- to 0.3-fold, and increasing Cpt1a and Acadm expression by 2.7- to 3.0-fold. These effects were mainly related to their high content of avenanthramides A (2p), B (2f), and C (2c), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol, sinapoylquinic acid, and apigenin and luteolin derivatives according to the chemometric analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oat sprouts extract exerts a greater effect than oat grains on the regulation of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that polyphenols and avenanthramides extracted from oat (Avena sativa L.) grains and sprouts modulate key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in adipocytes and that oat sprouts exert a greatest health beneficial effect than oat grains due to their higher content of bioactive compounds. In addition, the chemometric analysis identified the bioactive compounds that can be associated with the beneficial effects of oat grains and sprouts, which can be further used for the identification of oat varieties and oat-derived products with high content of these bioactive compounds and, thus, with high nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramos-Gómez Minerva
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Ofelia Mora
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Iza F Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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