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Wang M, Li D, Frey B, Gao D, Liu X, Chen C, Sui X, Li M. Land use modified impacts of global change factors on soil microbial structure and function: A global hierarchical meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173286. [PMID: 38772492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems is critical for biodiversity, vegetation productivity and biogeochemical cycling. However, little is known about the response of functional nitrogen cycle genes to global change factors in soils under different land uses. Here, we conducted a multiple hierarchical mixed effects meta-analyses of global change factors (GCFs) including warming (W+), mean altered precipitation (MAP+/-), elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2), and nitrogen addition (N+), using 2706 observations extracted from 200 peer-reviewed publications. The results showed that GCFs had significant and different effects on soil microbial communities under different types of land use. Under different land use types, such as Wetland, Tundra, Grassland, Forest, Desert and Agriculture, the richness and diversity of soil microbial communities will change accordingly due to differences in vegetation cover, soil management practices and environmental conditions. Notably, soil bacterial diversity is positively correlated with richness, but soil fungal diversity is negatively correlated with richness, when differences are driven by GCFs. For functional genes involved in nitrification, eCO2 in agricultural soils and the interaction of N+ with other GCFs in grassland soils stimulate an increase in the abundance of the AOA-amoA gene. In agricultural soil, MAP+ increases the abundance of nifH. W+ in agricultural soils and N+ in grassland soils decreased the abundance of nifH. The abundance of the genes nirS and nirK, involved in denitrification, was mainly negatively affected by W+ and positively affected by eCO2 in agricultural soil, but negatively affected by N+ in grassland soil. This meta-analysis was important for subsequent research related to global climate change. Considering data limitations, it is recommended to conduct multiple long-term integrated observational experiments to establish a scientific basis for addressing global changes in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Detian Li
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Beat Frey
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Decai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Xin Sui
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Maihe Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China; School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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2
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Krebs CJ, Boutin S, Boonstra R. Population and community ecology: past progress and future directions. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38956827 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Population and community ecology as a science are about 100 years old, and we discuss here our opinion of what approaches have progressed well and which point to possible future directions. The three major threads within population and community ecology are theoretical ecology, statistical tests and models, and experimental ecology. We suggest that our major objective is to understand what factors determine the distribution and abundance of organisms within populations and communities, and we evaluate these threads against this major objective. Theoretical ecology is elegant and compelling and has laid the groundwork for achieving our overall objectives with useful simple models. Statistics and statistical models have contributed informative methods to analyze quantitatively our understanding of distribution and abundance for future research. Population ecology is difficult to carry out in the field, even though we may have all the statistical methods and models needed to achieve results. Community ecology is growing rapidly with much description but less understanding of why changes occur. Biodiversity science cuts across all these subdivisions but rarely digs into the necessary population and community science that might solve conservation problems. Climate change affects all aspects of ecology but to assume that everything in population and community ecology is driven by climate change is oversimplified. We make recommendations on how to advance the field with advice for present and future generations of population and community ecologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Wang S, Hong P, Adler PB, Allan E, Hautier Y, Schmid B, Spaak JW, Feng Y. Towards mechanistic integration of the causes and consequences of biodiversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:689-700. [PMID: 38503639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The global biodiversity crisis has stimulated decades of research on three themes: species coexistence, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships (BEF), and biodiversity-ecosystem functional stability relationships (BEFS). However, studies on these themes are largely independent, creating barriers to an integrative understanding of the causes and consequences of biodiversity. Here we review recent progress towards mechanistic integration of coexistence, BEF, and BEFS. Mechanisms underlying the three themes can be linked in various ways, potentially creating either positive or negative relationships between them. That said, we generally expect positive associations between coexistence and BEF, and between BEF and BEFS. Our synthesis represents an initial step towards integrating causes and consequences of biodiversity; future developments should include more mechanistic approaches and broader ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Pubin Hong
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jurg W Spaak
- Landscape ecology, RPTU Kaiserslautern Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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4
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Liébana R, Viver T, Ramos-Barbero MD, Bustos-Caparros E, Urdiain M, López C, Amoozegar MA, Antón J, Rossello-Mora R. Extremely halophilic brine community manipulation shows higher robustness of microbiomes inhabiting human-driven solar saltern than naturally driven lake. mSystems 2024:e0053824. [PMID: 38934645 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00538-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypersaline ecosystems display taxonomically similar assemblages with low diversities and highly dense accompanying viromes. The ecological implications of viral infection on natural microbial populations remain poorly understood, especially at finer scales of diversity. Here, we sought to investigate the influence of changes in environmental physicochemical conditions and viral predation pressure by autochthonous and allochthonous viruses on host dynamics. For this purpose, we transplanted two microbiomes coming from distant hypersaline systems (solar salterns of Es Trenc in Spain and the thalassohaline lake of Aran-Bidgol lake in Iran), by exchanging the cellular fractions with the sterile-filtered accompanying brines with and without the free extracellular virus fraction. The midterm exposure (1 month) of the microbiomes to the new conditions showed that at the supraspecific taxonomic range, the assemblies from the solar saltern brine more strongly resisted the environmental changes and viral predation than that of the lake. The metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) analysis revealed an intraspecific transition at the ecotype level, mainly driven by changes in viral predation pressure, by both autochthonous and allochthonous viruses. IMPORTANCE Viruses greatly influence succession and diversification of their hosts, yet the effects of viral infection on the ecological dynamics of natural microbial populations remain poorly understood, especially at finer scales of diversity. By manipulating the viral predation pressure by autochthonous and allochthonous viruses, we uncovered potential phage-host interaction, and their important role in structuring the prokaryote community at an ecotype level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain
| | - Tomeu Viver
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - María Dolores Ramos-Barbero
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Bustos-Caparros
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain
| | - Mercedes Urdiain
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain
| | - Cristina López
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Josefa Antón
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ramon Rossello-Mora
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain
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5
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Scherzinger F, Schädler M, Reitz T, Yin R, Auge H, Merbach I, Roscher C, Harpole WS, Blagodatskaya E, Siebert J, Ciobanu M, Marder F, Eisenhauer N, Quaas M. Sustainable land management enhances ecological and economic multifunctionality under ambient and future climate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4930. [PMID: 38858378 PMCID: PMC11164979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The currently dominant types of land management are threatening the multifunctionality of ecosystems, which is vital for human well-being. Here, we present a novel ecological-economic assessment of how multifunctionality of agroecosystems in Central Germany depends on land-use type and climate. Our analysis includes 14 ecosystem variables in a large-scale field experiment with five different land-use types under two different climate scenarios (ambient and future climate). We consider ecological multifunctionality measures using averaging approaches with different weights, reflecting preferences of four relevant stakeholders based on adapted survey data. Additionally, we propose an economic multifunctionality measure based on the aggregate economic value of ecosystem services. Results show that intensive management and future climate decrease ecological multifunctionality for most scenarios in both grassland and cropland. Only under a weighting based on farmers' preferences, intensively-managed grassland shows higher multifunctionality than sustainably-managed grassland. The economic multifunctionality measure is about ~1.7 to 1.9 times higher for sustainable, compared to intensive, management for both grassland and cropland. Soil biodiversity correlates positively with ecological multifunctionality and is expected to be one of its drivers. As the currently prevailing land management provides high multifunctionality for farmers, but not for society at large, we suggest to promote and economically incentivise sustainable land management that enhances both ecological and economic multifunctionality, also under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Scherzinger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Thomas Reitz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Rui Yin
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Ines Merbach
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Ciobanu
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of the National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Str. Republicii 48, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fabian Marder
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Quaas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Liu L, Han B, Chen F, Mou C, Xu F. Utilizing Geographical Distribution Statistical Data to Improve Zero-Shot Species Recognition. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1716. [PMID: 38929335 PMCID: PMC11200704 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Species recognition is a crucial part of understanding the abundance and distribution of various organisms and is important for biodiversity conservation and management. Traditional vision-based deep learning-driven species recognition requires large amounts of well-labeled, high-quality image data, the collection of which is challenging for rare and endangered species. In addition, recognition methods designed based on specific species have poor generalization ability and are difficult to adapt to new species recognition scenarios. To address these issues, zero-shot species recognition based on Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has become a research hotspot. However, previous studies have primarily utilized visual descriptive information and taxonomic information of species to improve zero-shot recognition performance, and the use of geographic distribution characteristics of species to improve zero-shot recognition performance has not been explored. To fill this gap, we proposed a CLIP-driven zero-shot species recognition method that incorporates knowledge of the geographic distribution of species. First, we designed three prompts based on the species geographic distribution statistical data. Then, the latitude and longitude coordinate information attached to each image in the species dataset was converted into addresses, and they were integrated together to form the geographical distribution knowledge of each species. Finally, species recognition results were derived by calculating the similarity after acquiring features by the trained CLIP image encoder and text encoder. We conducted extensive experiments on multiple species datasets from the iNaturalist 2021 dataset, where the zero-shot recognition accuracies of mammals, mollusks, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and insects were 44.96%, 15.27%, 17.51%, 9.47%, 28.35%, and 7.03%, an improvement of 2.07%, 0.48%, 0.35%, 1.12%, 1.64%, and 0.61%, respectively, as compared to CLIP with default prompt. The experimental results show that the fusion of geographic distribution statistical data can effectively improve the performance of zero-shot species recognition, which provides a new way to utilize species domain knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.)
| | - Boxun Han
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.)
| | - Feixiang Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Mou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fu Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Cheng C, Liu Z, Song W, Chen X, Zhang Z, Li B, van Kleunen M, Wu J. Biodiversity increases resistance of grasslands against plant invasions under multiple environmental changes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4506. [PMID: 38802365 PMCID: PMC11130343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity often helps communities resist invasion. However, it is unclear whether this diversity-invasion relationship holds true under environmental changes. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of 1010 observations from 25 grassland studies in which plant species richness is manipulated together with one or more environmental change factors to test invasibility (measured by biomass or cover of invaders). We find that biodiversity increases resistance to invaders across various environmental conditions. However, the positive biodiversity effect on invasion resistance is strengthened under experimental warming, whereas it is weakened under experimentally imposed drought. When multiple factors are imposed simultaneously, the positive biodiversity effect is strengthened. Overall, we show that biodiversity helps grassland communities resist plant invasions under multiple environmental changes. Therefore, investment in the protection and restoration of native biodiversity is not only important for prevention of invasions under current conditions but also under continued global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zekang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wei Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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8
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Graça D, Arias-Real R, Fernandes I, Cássio F, Pascoal C. Fungal identity mediates the impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173466. [PMID: 38788941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Predicting how multiple anthropogenic stressors affect natural ecosystems is a major challenge in ecology. Freshwater ecosystems are threatened worldwide by multiple co-occurring stressors, which can affect aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing. In stream ecosystems, aquatic fungi play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics, therefore, assessing the functional consequences of fungal biodiversity loss under multiple stressors is crucial. Here, a microcosm approach was used to investigate the effects of multiple stressors (increased temperature and nutrients, drying, and biodiversity loss) on three ecosystem processes: organic matter decomposition, fungal reproduction, and fungal biomass accrual. Net effects of stressors were antagonistic for organic matter decomposition, but additive for fungal reproduction and biomass accrual. Net effects of biodiversity were mainly positive for all processes, even under stress, demonstrating that diversity assures the maintenance of ecosystem processes. Fungal species displayed distinct contributions to each ecosystem process. Furthermore, species with negligible contributions under control conditions changed their role under stress, either enhancing or impairing the communities' performance, emphasizing the importance of fungal species identity. Our study highlights that distinct fungal species have different sensitivities to environmental variability and have different influence on the overall performance of the community. Therefore, preserving high fungal diversity is crucial to maintain fungal species with key ecosystem functions within aquatic communities in face of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Graça
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Rebeca Arias-Real
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fernandes
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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9
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Blakney AJC, Morvan S, Lucotte M, Moingt M, Charbonneau A, Bipfubusa M, Gonzalez E, Pitre FE. Site properties, environmental factors, and crop identify influence soil bacterial communities more than municipal biosolid application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171854. [PMID: 38522550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the environmental impact of Canadian field crop agriculture, including the reliance on conventional synthesised fertilisers, are key societal targets for establishing long-term sustainable practices. Municipal biosolids (MSB) are an abundant, residual organic material, rich in phosphate, nitrogen and other oligo-nutrients, that could be used in conjunction with conventional fertilisers to decrease their use. Though MBS have previously been shown to be an effective fertiliser substitute for different crops, including corn and soybean, there remain key knowledge gaps concerning the impact of MBS on the resident soil bacterial communities in agro-ecosystems. We hypothesised that the MBS fertiliser amendment would not significantly impact the structure or function of the soil bacterial communities, nor contribute to the spread of human pathogenic bacteria, in corn or soybean agricultural systems. In field experiments, fertiliser regimes for both crops were amended with MBS, and compared to corn and soybean plots with standard fertiliser treatments. We repeated this across four different agricultural sites in Quebec, over 2021 and 2022. We sampled MBS-treated, and untreated soils, and identified the composition of the soil bacterial communities via 16S rRNA metabarcoding. We found no indication that the MBS fertiliser amendment altered the structure of the soil bacterial communities, but rather that the soil type and crop identities were the most significant factors in structuring the bacterial communities. Moreover, there was no evidence that the MBS-treated soils were enriched in potential human bacterial pathogens over the two years of our study. Our analysis indicates that not only can MBS function as substitutes for conventional, synthesised fertilisers, but that they also do not disrupt the structure of the resident soil bacterial communities in the short term. Finally, we suggest that the use of MBS in agro-ecosystems poses no greater concern to the public than existing soil bacterial communities. This highlights the significant role MBS could potentially have in reducing the use of conventional industrial fertilisers and improving agricultural production, without risking environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J C Blakney
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Simon Morvan
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada.
| | - Matthieu Moingt
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada
| | - Ariane Charbonneau
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada
| | - Marie Bipfubusa
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains, Inc. (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric E Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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10
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Liu L, Gao Z, Li H, Yang W, Yang Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Liu J. Thresholds of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input Substantially Alter Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Wheat Yield in Dryland Farmland. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10236-10246. [PMID: 38647353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are essential for preserving the multifunctionality of ecosystems. The nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) threshold that causes notable variations in the AM fungus community of the soil and plant productivity is still unclear. Herein, a long-term (18 years) field experiment with five N and five P fertilizer levels was conducted to investigate the change patterns of soil AM fungus, multifunctionality, and wheat yield. High-N and -P fertilizer inputs did not considerably increase the wheat yield. In the AM fungal network, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between ecosystem multifunctionality and the biodiversity of two primary ecological clusters (N: Module #0 and P: Module #3). Furthermore, fertilizer input thresholds for N (92-160 kg ha-1) and P (78-100 kg ha-1) significantly altered the AM fungal community, soil characteristics, and plant productivity. Our study provided a basis for reduced N and P fertilizer application and sustainable agricultural development from the aspect of soil AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangyun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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11
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Grange G, Brophy C, Vishwakarma R, Finn JA. Effects of experimental drought and plant diversity on multifunctionality of a model system for crop rotation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10265. [PMID: 38704461 PMCID: PMC11069507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In low-diversity productive grasslands, modest changes to plant diversity (richness, composition and relative abundance) may affect multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), including yield. Despite the economic importance of productive grasslands, effects of plant diversity and environmental disturbance on multifunctionality are very rarely quantified. We systematically varied species richness, composition, and relative abundance of grassland ley communities and manipulated water supply (rainfed and drought) to quantify effects of diversity and environmental disturbance on multifunctionality. We then replaced the grassland leys with a monoculture crop to investigate 'follow-on' effects. We measured six agronomy-related ecosystem functions across one or both phases: yield, yield consistency, digestibility and weed suppression (grassland ley phase), legacy effect (effect on follow-on crop yield), and nitrogen fertiliser efficiency (full rotation). Drought reduced most ecosystem functions, although effects were species- and function-specific. Increased plant diversity affected mean performance, and reduced variation, across the six functions (contributing to multifunctional stability). Multifunctionality index values across a wide range of mixture diversity were higher than the best monoculture under both rainfed and drought conditions (transgressive over-performance). Higher-diversity, lower-nitrogen (150N) mixtures had higher multifunctionality than a low-diversity, higher-nitrogen (300N) grass monoculture. Plant diversity in productive grasslands is a practical farm-scale management action to mitigate drought impacts and enhance multifunctionality of grassland-crop rotation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylain Grange
- Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Y35 TC97, Ireland
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Brophy
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rishabh Vishwakarma
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John A Finn
- Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Y35 TC97, Ireland.
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12
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Liang M, Lamy T, Reuman DC, Wang S, Bell TW, Cavanaugh KC, Castorani MCN. A marine heatwave changes the stabilizing effects of biodiversity in kelp forests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4288. [PMID: 38522859 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity can stabilize ecological communities through biological insurance, but climate and other environmental changes may disrupt this process via simultaneous ecosystem destabilization and biodiversity loss. While changes to diversity-stability relationships (DSRs) and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively explored in terrestrial plant communities, this topic remains largely unexplored in benthic marine ecosystems that comprise diverse assemblages of producers and consumers. By analyzing two decades of kelp forest biodiversity survey data, we discovered changes in diversity, stability, and their relationships at multiple scales (biological organizational levels, spatial scales, and functional groups) that were linked with the most severe marine heatwave ever documented in the North Pacific Ocean. Moreover, changes in the strength of DSRs during/after the heatwave were more apparent among functional groups than both biological organizational levels (population vs. ecosystem levels) and spatial scales (local vs. broad scales). Specifically, the strength of DSRs decreased for fishes, increased for mobile invertebrates and understory algae, and were unchanged for sessile invertebrates during/after the heatwave. Our findings suggest that biodiversity plays a key role in stabilizing marine ecosystems, but the resilience of DSRs to adverse climate impacts primarily depends on the functional identities of ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Liang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, University of Minnesota, East Bethel, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Lamy
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel C Reuman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tom W Bell
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle C Cavanaugh
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Max C N Castorani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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13
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Hisano M, Ghazoul J, Chen X, Chen HYH. Functional diversity enhances dryland forest productivity under long-term climate change. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4152. [PMID: 38657059 PMCID: PMC11042740 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Short-term experimental studies provided evidence that plant diversity increases ecosystem resilience and resistance to drought events, suggesting diversity to serve as a nature-based solution to address climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of diversity are momentary or still hold over the long term in natural forests to ensure that the sustainability of carbon sinks. By analyzing 57 years of inventory data from dryland forests in Canada, we show that productivity of dryland forests decreased at an average rate of 1.3% per decade, in concert with the temporally increasing temperature and decreasing water availability. Increasing functional trait diversity from its minimum (monocultures) to maximum value increased productivity by 13%. Our results demonstrate the potential role of tree functional trait diversity in alleviating climate change impacts on dryland forests. While recognizing that nature-based climate mitigation (e.g., planting trees) can only be partial solutions, their long-term (decadal) efficacy can be improved by enhancing functional trait diversity across the forest community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hisano
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Ecosystem Management, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- Ecosystem Management, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xinli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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14
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Helbling EW, Villafañe VE, Narvarte MA, Burgueño GM, Saad JF, González RA, Cabrerizo MJ. The impact of extreme weather events exceeds those due to global-change drivers on coastal phytoplankton assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170644. [PMID: 38320708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Extreme wind and rainfall events have become more frequent phenomena, impacting coastal ecosystems by inducing increased mixing regimes in the upper mixed layers (UML) and reduced transparency (i.e. browning), hence affecting phytoplankton photosynthesis. In this study, five plankton assemblages from the South Atlantic Ocean, from a gradient of environmental variability and anthropogenic exposure, were subjected to simulated extreme weather events under a global change scenario (GCS) of increased temperature and nutrients and decreased pH, and compared to ambient conditions (Control). Using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis we determined that evenness and the ratio of diatoms/ (flagellates + dinoflagellates) significantly explained the variations (81-91 %) of the photosynthesis efficiency (i.e. Pchla/ETRchla ratio) for each site under static conditions. Mixing speed and the optical depth (i.e. attenuation coefficient * depth, kdz), as single drivers, explained 40-76 % of the variability in the Pchla/ETRchla ratio, while GCS drivers <9 %. Overall, assemblages with high diversity and evenness were less vulnerable to extreme weather events under a GCS. Extreme weather events should be considered in global change studies and conservation/management plans as even at local/regional scales, they can exceed the predicted impacts of mean global climate change on coastal primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Walter Helbling
- Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, Casilla de Correos 15, 9103 Rawson, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Virginia E Villafañe
- Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, Casilla de Correos 15, 9103 Rawson, Chubut, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Maite A Narvarte
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni & Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8520 San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Giuliana M Burgueño
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni & Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8520 San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Juan F Saad
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni & Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8520 San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Raúl A González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni & Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8520 San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marco J Cabrerizo
- Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, Casilla de Correos 15, 9103 Rawson, Chubut, Argentina; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n & Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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15
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Shovon TA, Auge H, Haase J, Nock CA. Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17252. [PMID: 38501719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a large body of evidence from field experiments suggests more diverse plant communities are more productive as well as more resistant to the effects of climatic extremes like drought. However, this view is strongly based on data from grasslands due to the limited empirical evidence from tree diversity experiments. Here we report on the relationship between tree diversity and productivity over 10 years in a field experiment established in 2005 that was then affected by the 2018 mega-drought in central Europe. Across a number of years, tree species diversity and productivity were significantly positively related; however, the slope switched to negative in the year of the drought. Net diversity effects increased through time, with complementarity effects making greater contributions to the net diversity effect than selection effects. Complementarity effects were clearly positive in three- and five-species mixtures before the drought (2012-2016) but were found to decrease in the year of the drought. Selection effects were clearly positive in 2016 and remained positive in the drought year 2018 in two-, three-, and five-species mixtures. The survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies) plummeted in response to the drought, and a negative relationship between species diversity and spruce survival was found. Taken together, our findings suggest that tree diversity per se may not buffer communities against the impacts of extreme drought and that tree species composition and the drought tolerance of tree species (i.e., species identity) will be important determinants of community productivity as the prevalence of drought increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed Shovon
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Charles A Nock
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Xu Z, Guo X, Allen WJ, Yu X, Hu Y, Wang J, Li M, Guo W. Plant community diversity alters the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to multiple global change factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17182. [PMID: 38348761 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity is considered important to the mitigation of global change impacts on ecosystem multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. However, potential mechanisms through which biodiversity maintains ecosystem multifunctionality under global change remain unclear. We grew 132 plant communities with two levels of plant diversity, crossed with treatments based on 10 global change factors (nitrogen deposition, soil salinity, drought, plant invasion, simulated grazing, oil pollution, plastics pollution, antibiotics pollution, heavy metal pollution, and pesticide pollution). All global change factors negatively impacted ecosystem multifunctionality, but negative impacts were stronger in high compared with low diversity plant communities. We explored potential mechanisms for this unexpected result, finding that the inhibition of selection effects (i.e., selection for plant species associated with high ecosystem functioning) contributed to sensitivity of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change. Specifically, global change factors decreased the abundance of novel functional plants (i.e., legumes) in high but not low diversity plant communities. The negative impacts of global change on ecosystem multifunctionality were also mediated by increased relative abundance of fungal plant pathogens (identified from metabarcoding of soil samples) and their negative relationship with the abundance of novel functional plants. Taken together, our experiment highlights the importance of protecting high diversity plant communities and legumes, and managing fungal pathogens, to the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality in the face of complex global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Warwick J Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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17
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Dijoux S, Pichon NA, Sentis A, Boukal DS. Body size and trophic position determine the outcomes of species invasions along temperature and productivity gradients. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14310. [PMID: 37811596 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Species invasions are predicted to increase in frequency with global change, but quantitative predictions of how environmental filters and species traits influence the success and consequences of invasions for local communities are lacking. Here we investigate how invaders alter the structure, diversity and stability regime of simple communities across environmental gradients (habitat productivity, temperature) and community size structure. We simulate all three-species trophic modules (apparent and exploitative competition, trophic chain and intraguild predation). We predict that invasions most often succeed in warm and productive habitats and that successful invaders include smaller competitors, intraguild predators and comparatively small top predators. This suggests that species invasions and global change may facilitate the downsizing of food webs. Furthermore, we show that successful invasions leading to species substitutions rarely alter system stability, while invasions leading to increased diversity can destabilize or stabilize community dynamics depending on the environmental conditions and invader's trophic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dijoux
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Noémie A Pichon
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - David S Boukal
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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18
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Wen Y, Zhang G, Zhang W, Liu G. Distribution patterns and functional characteristics of soil bacterial communities in desert ecosystems of northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167081. [PMID: 37714348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Deserts are extremely arid environments where life is exposed to multiple environmental stresses, including low water availability, high temperatures, intense radiation environments and soil carbon and nitrogen limitation. Microorganisms have enormous potential applications due to their unique physiological adaptation mechanisms, extensive involvement in geochemical cycles and production of new antibiotics, among many other characteristics. With the increasing amount of open data provides unprecedented opportunities to further reveal bacterial biodiversity and its global role in ecosystem function. Through the collection of published high-quality sequencing data supplemented with experimental findings, we investigated the distribution characteristics and functional properties of bacteria in desert ecosystems in northern China. We show that there are significant differences in bacterial diversity among different sandy areas, and that soil properties and climatic factors are the main factors affecting bacterial diversity in desert ecosystems. The mean annual precipitation in growing season, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus had significant effects on the diversity of desert bacteria and main bacteria. Desert bacteria primarily participate in the macromolecular decomposition, phototrophy, and geochemical cycling of nitrogen. These findings deepen our understanding of the regional-scale soil microbial diversity patterns in Chinese desert ecosystems and broaden our understanding of the ecological functions carried out by bacteria in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Felix JA, Stevenson PC, Koricheva J. Plant neighbourhood diversity effects on leaf traits: A meta-analysis. Funct Ecol 2023; 37:3150-3163. [PMID: 38505132 PMCID: PMC10946959 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Leaf traits often vary with plant neighbourhood composition, which in turn may mediate plant susceptibility to herbivory. However, it is unknown whether there are any common patterns of change in leaf trait expression in response to neighbourhood diversity, and whether these responses confer increased resistance or susceptibility to herbivores.We used meta-analysis to combine data from 43 studies that examined the influence of neighbourhood diversity on eight physical and chemical leaf traits that could affect herbivory. All leaf traits apart from leaf thickness were highly plastic and exhibited significant differences between plant monocultures and species mixtures, but the direction of effect was variable. Leaf toughness was the only trait that displayed a significant decrease with plant diversity, whereas specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen were both marginally increased in species mixtures.The magnitude and direction of leaf trait responses to neighbourhood diversity were independent of plant density and phylogenetic diversity, but changes in SLA correlated positively with plant species richness. SLA was also significantly increased in experimental studies, but not in observational studies, while neighbourhoods containing nitrogen-fixers were associated with increased leaf nitrogen and reduced phenolics. When studies on the over-represented species Betula pendula were removed from the analysis, the effect of neighbourhood diversity on leaf toughness became nonsignificant, but phenolics were significantly reduced in diverse neighbourhoods composed of mature trees, and marginally reduced in species mixtures across all studies.Increases in plant neighbourhood diversity are often associated with reductions of herbivory, although in some cases, the reverse occurs, and plants growing in species mixtures are found to suffer greater herbivory than those in monocultures. This study offers a potential explanation for the latter phenomenon, as our results show that leaf trait expression is highly plastic in response to neighbourhood diversity, and in certain cases could lead to increased leaf quality, which in turn could promote greater rates of herbivory. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri A. Felix
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
- Royal Botanic GardensKewUK
| | | | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
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20
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Zhang T, Tang H, Peng P, Ge S, Liu Y, Feng Y, Wang J. Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition promotes photosynthesized carbon sequestration in the soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282083. [PMID: 38107008 PMCID: PMC10722189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen (N) addition has improved soil fertility and sustainable agricultural development in China. However, the effects of intercropping pattern and N fertilizer addition on the allocation of photosynthesized carbon (C) in plant-soil system were far less understood. Methods In this study, we performed an 13CO2 pulse labeling experiment to trace C footprints in plant-soil system under different cropping patterns [sugarcane monoculture (MS), sugarcane/soybean intercropping (SB)] and N addition levels [reduced N addition (N1) and conventional N addition (N2)]. Results and discussion Our results showed that compared to sugarcane monoculture, sugarcane/soybean intercropping with N reduced addition increased sugarcane biomass and root/shoot ratio, which in turn led to 23.48% increase in total root biomass. The higher root biomass facilitated the flow of shoot fixed 13C to the soil in the form of rhizodeposits. More than 40% of the retained 13C in the soil was incorporated into the labile C pool [microbial biomass C (MBC) and dissolved organic C (DOC)] on day 1 after labeling. On day 27 after labeling, sugarcane/soybean intercropping with N reduced addition showed the highest 13C content in the MBC as well as in the soil, 1.89 and 1.14 times higher than the sugarcane monoculture, respectively. Moreover, intercropping pattern increased the content of labile C and labile N (alkaline N, ammonium N and nitrate N) in the soil. The structural equation model indicated that the cropping pattern regulated 13C sequestration in the soil mainly by driving changes in labile C, labile N content and root biomass in the soil. Our findings demonstrate that sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced N addition increases photosynthesized C sequestration in the soil, enhances the C sink capacity of agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Song Z, Hautier Y, Wang C. Grassland stability decreases with increasing number of global change factors: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165651. [PMID: 37474043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Experiments manipulating a single global change factor (GCF) have provided increasing evidence that global environmental changes, such as eutrophication, precipitation change, and warming, generally affect the temporal stability of grassland productivity. Whether the combined impact of global changes on grassland stability increases as the number of global changes increases remains unknown. Using a meta-analysis of 673 observations from 143 sites worldwide, including 7 different GCFs, we examined the responses of grassland temporal stability of productivity to increasing numbers of GCFs. We quantified the links between community stability, biotic factors (i.e., species richness, species stability, and species asynchrony), and abiotic factors (i.e., aridity index, experimental duration, and experimental intensity). Although inconsistent responses of community stability were found with different GCF types and combinations, when integrating existing GCFs studies and ignoring the identity of GCFs, we found a general decrease in community stability as the number of GCFs increases, but the main drivers of community stability varied with the numbers of GCFs. Specifically, one GCF mainly reduced species stability through species richness and thus weakened community stability. Two GCFs weakened community stability via independently weakening species stability and species asynchrony. Three GCFs reduce community stability mainly via independently weakening species asynchrony. Moreover, for single factor, the impact of GCFs on community stability was weaker under dryer conditions, but stronger when two or three factors were manipulated. In addition, the negative effect of GCFs on community stability was weaker with increasing experimental duration. Our study reveals that reduced community stability with increasing numbers of GCFs is caused by a shift from reduced species stability to reduced species asynchrony, suggesting that persistent global changes will destabilize grassland productivity by reducing asynchronous dynamics among species in response to natural environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Song
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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22
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Du S, Li XQ, Feng J, Huang Q, Liu YR. Soil core microbiota drive community resistance to mercury stress and maintain functional stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:165056. [PMID: 37348729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities have resistance to environmental stresses and thus can maintain ecosystem functions such as decomposition, nutrient provisioning, and plant pathogen control. However, predominant factors driving community resistance of soil microbiome to heavy metal pollution stresses and ecosystem functional stability are still unclear, limiting our ability to forecast how soil pollution might affect ecosystem sustainability. Here, we conducted microcosm experiments to estimate the importance of soil microbiome in predicting community resistance to heavy metal mercury (Hg) stress in paired paddy and upland fields. We found that community resistance of soil microbiome was strongly correlated with ecosystem functional stability, so were the individual groups of organisms such as bacteria, saprotrophic fungi, and phototrophic protists. The core phylotypes within soil microbiome had a major contribution to community resistance, which was essential for the maintenance of functional stability. Co-occurrence network further confirmed that community resistances of main ecological clusters were positively correlated with ecosystem functional stability. Together, our results provide new insights into the link between community resistance and functional stability, and highlight the importance of core microbiota in driving community resistance to environmental stresses and maintain functional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin-Qi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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23
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Teixeira MB, Soares AO, Borges PAV, Calvet MT, Peñalver Á, Monteiro HR, Frias J, Simoes N. Monitoring Arthropods in maize and pasture fields in São Miguel and São Jorge Islands: IPM-Popillia Project. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e109431. [PMID: 37840602 PMCID: PMC10570818 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dataset presented here is an achievement of the H2020 European project "Integrated Pest Management of the Invasive Japanese Beetle, Popilliajaponica (IPM-Popillia)". This project addresses the challenge of a new risk to plant health in Europe, the invasion of the Japanese beetle, Popilliajaponica (Newman, 1838) (Coleoptera, Rutelidae) and provides an environmentally friendly IPM Toolbox to control the expanding pest populations across Europe. This study aims to present the records of terrestrial arthropod diversity with a special focus on four groups belonging to Carabids and Staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera), Opiliones and Anisolabididae (Dermaptera), collected with the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against P.japonica in future Integrated Pest Management programmes. A thorough sampling programme was conducted in maize and pasture fields in two Islands of the Azores (São Miguel and São Jorge) in the summer of 2022. New information We provided an inventory of the arthropods recorded in two Azorean agroecosystems (maize and pasture fields) from São Miguel and São Jorge Islands. A total of ten maize and ten pasture fields were sampled and a total of 360 pitfall traps were installed, 216 in São Miguel and 144 in São Jorge, for seven consecutive days in August and September of 2022.We collected 18559 specimens belonging to the phylum Arthropoda, four classes, twelve orders, twenty-six families and forty morphospecies (two identified at the family level as carabid and Staphylinid larvae and 38 identified at the species level). We identified 38 taxa at the species level (n = 18281). Of the 38 identified taxa, 18 species were predators, 15 were plant feeders and five were omnivores. The 18 predators belong to the following families: 10 species were Carabidae, two Staphylinidae, one Anisolabididae, one Chrysopidae, one Leiobunidae, one Nabidae, one Phalangiidae and one Scathophagidae. Concerning the origin of the predators, we recorded five native species: two Carabidae, one Leiobunidae, one Scathophagidae and one Nabidae. The other 13 predator species were introduced or indeterminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Brum Teixeira
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalBiotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the AzoresPonta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
| | - António O. Soares
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, PT-9500-321, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, PT-9500-321Ponta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist GroupAngra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Invertebrate Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Invertebrate Specialist GroupAngra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Mar Torres Calvet
- University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Girona, SpainUniversity of Girona, Faculty of SciencesGironaSpain
| | - Ángel Peñalver
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalBiotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the AzoresPonta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
| | - Hugo R. Monteiro
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalBiotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the AzoresPonta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
| | - Jorge Frias
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalBiotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the AzoresPonta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
| | - Nelson Simoes
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalBiotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the AzoresPonta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
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Wyckhuys KAG, Leatemia JA, Fanani MZ, Furlong MJ, Gu B, Hadi BAR, Hasinu JV, Melo MC, Noya SH, Rauf A, Taribuka J, Gc YD. Generalist Predators Shape Biotic Resistance along a Tropical Island Chain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3304. [PMID: 37765468 PMCID: PMC10536499 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Islands offer exclusive prisms for an experimental investigation of biodiversity x ecosystem function interplay. Given that species in upper trophic layers, e.g., arthropod predators, experience a comparative disadvantage on small, isolated islands, such settings can help to clarify how predation features within biotic resistance equations. Here, we use observational and manipulative studies on a chain of nine Indonesian islands to quantify predator-mediated biotic resistance against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Across island settings, a diverse set of generalist lacewing, spider and ladybeetle predators aggregates on P. manihoti infested plants, attaining max. (field-level) abundance levels of 1.0, 8.0 and 3.2 individuals per plant, respectively. Though biotic resistance-as imperfectly defined by a predator/prey ratio index-exhibits no inter-island differences, P. manihoti population regulation is primarily provided through an introduced monophagous parasitoid. Meanwhile, resident predators, such as soil-dwelling ants, inflict apparent mortality rates up to 100% for various S. frugiperda life stages, which translates into a 13- to 800-fold lower S. frugiperda survivorship on small versus large islands. While biotic resistance against S. frugiperda is ubiquitous along the island chain, its magnitude differs between island contexts, seasons and ecological realms, i.e., plant canopy vs. soil surface. Hence, under our experimental context, generalist predators determine biotic resistance and exert important levels of mortality even in biodiversity-poor settings. Given the rapid pace of biodiversity loss and alien species accumulation globally, their active conservation in farmland settings (e.g., through pesticide phasedown) is pivotal to ensuring the overall resilience of production ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Chrysalis Consulting, Danang 50000, Vietnam
- Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Johanna Audrey Leatemia
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Zainal Fanani
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Djuanda, Jl. Tol Jagorawi No 1, Ciawi, Bogor 16720, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Kamper Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Michael J Furlong
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Baogen Gu
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeffij Virgowat Hasinu
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
| | - Maria C Melo
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Saartje Helena Noya
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
| | - Aunu Rauf
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Kamper Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Johanna Taribuka
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
| | - Yubak Dhoj Gc
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Bangkok 10200, Thailand
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25
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Meena P, Jha V. Environmental Change, Changing Biodiversity, and Infections-Lessons for Kidney Health Community. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1714-1729. [PMID: 37705916 PMCID: PMC10496083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a direct and accelerating connection between ongoing environmental change, the unprecedented decline in biodiversity, and the increase in infectious disease epidemiology worldwide. Rising global temperatures are threatening the biodiversity that underpins the richness and diversity of flora and fauna species in our ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, rapid urbanization, and expanding population are the primary drivers of environmental change resulting in biodiversity collapse. Climate change is influencing the emergence, prevalence, and transmission of infectious diseases both directly and through its impact on biodiversity. The environment is gradually becoming more suitable for infectious diseases by affecting a variety of pathogens, hosts, and vectors and by favoring transmission rates in many parts of the world that were until recently free of these infections. The acute effects of these zoonotic, vector and waterborne diseases are well known; however, evidence is emerging about their role in the development of chronic kidney disease. The pathways linking environmental change and biodiversity loss to infections impacting kidney health are diverse and complex. Climate change and biodiversity loss disproportionately affect the vulnerable and limit their ability to access healthcare. The kidney health community needs to contribute to the issue of environmental change and biodiversity loss through multisectoral action alongside government, policymakers, advocates, businesses, and the general population. We describe various aspects of the environmental change effects on the transmission and emergence of infectious diseases particularly focusing on its potential impact on kidney health. We also discuss the adaptive and mitigation measures and the gaps in research and policy action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Meena
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, New Delhi, India
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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26
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Spake R, Bowler DE, Callaghan CT, Blowes SA, Doncaster CP, Antão LH, Nakagawa S, McElreath R, Chase JM. Understanding 'it depends' in ecology: a guide to hypothesising, visualising and interpreting statistical interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:983-1002. [PMID: 36859791 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists routinely use statistical models to detect and explain interactions among ecological drivers, with a goal to evaluate whether an effect of interest changes in sign or magnitude in different contexts. Two fundamental properties of interactions are often overlooked during the process of hypothesising, visualising and interpreting interactions between drivers: the measurement scale - whether a response is analysed on an additive or multiplicative scale, such as a ratio or logarithmic scale; and the symmetry - whether dependencies are considered in both directions. Overlooking these properties can lead to one or more of three inferential errors: misinterpretation of (i) the detection and magnitude (Type-D error), and (ii) the sign of effect modification (Type-S error); and (iii) misidentification of the underlying processes (Type-A error). We illustrate each of these errors with a broad range of ecological questions applied to empirical and simulated data sets. We demonstrate how meta-analysis, a widely used approach that seeks explicitly to characterise context dependence, is especially prone to all three errors. Based on these insights, we propose guidelines to improve hypothesis generation, testing, visualisation and interpretation of interactions in ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spake
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6EX, Reading, UK
| | - Diana E Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, OX10 8BB, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Corey T Callaghan
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle - Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, 33314-7719, FL, USA
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C Patrick Doncaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura H Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- UNSW Data Science Hub, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard McElreath
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
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27
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Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Carroll T, Cardou F, Dornelas M, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Biodiversity change under adaptive community dynamics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3525-3538. [PMID: 36916852 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compositional change is a ubiquitous response of ecological communities to environmental drivers of global change, but is often regarded as evidence of declining "biotic integrity" relative to historical baselines. Adaptive compositional change, however, is a foundational idea in evolutionary biology, whereby changes in gene frequencies within species boost population-level fitness, allowing populations to persist as the environment changes. Here, we present an analogous idea for ecological communities based on core concepts of fitness and selection. Changes in community composition (i.e., frequencies of genetic differences among species) in response to environmental change should normally increase the average fitnessof community members. We refer to compositional changes that improve the functional match, or "fit," between organisms' traits and their environment as adaptive community dynamics. Environmental change (e.g., land-use change) commonly reduces the fit between antecedent communities and new environments. Subsequent change in community composition in response to environmental changes, however, should normally increase community-level fit, as the success of at least some constituent species increases. We argue that adaptive community dynamics are likely to improve or maintain ecosystem function (e.g., by maintaining productivity). Adaptive community responses may simultaneously produce some changes that are considered societally desirable (e.g., increased carbon storage) and others that are undesirable (e.g., declines of certain species), just as evolutionary responses within species may be deemed desirable (e.g., evolutionary rescue of an endangered species) or undesirable (e.g., enhanced virulence of an agricultural pest). When assessing possible management interventions, it is important to distinguish between drivers of environmental change (e.g., undesired climate warming) and adaptive community responses, which may generate some desirable outcomes. Efforts to facilitate, accept, or resist ecological change require separate consideration of drivers and responses, and may highlight the need to reconsider preferences for historical baseline communities over communities that are better adapted to the new conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg Carroll
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Cardou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Sherbrooke, Canada
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29
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Zhou L, Wang S. The bright side of ecological stressors. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:568-578. [PMID: 36906435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stressors are considered to negatively affect biological systems; however, corresponding responses to stressors can be complex, depending on the ecological functions and the number and duration of the stressors. Mounting evidence indicates potential benefits of stressors. Here, we develop an integrative framework to understand stressor-induced benefits by clarifying three categories of mechanisms: seesaw effects, cross-tolerance, and memory effects. These mechanisms operate across various organizational levels (e.g., individual, population, community) and can be extended to an evolutionary context. One remaining challenge is to develop scaling approaches for linking stressor-induced benefits across organizational levels. Our framework provides a novel platform for predicting the consequences of global environmental changes and informing management strategies in conservation and restoration practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhou
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
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30
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Baldrian P, López-Mondéjar R, Kohout P. Forest microbiome and global change. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41579-023-00876-4. [PMID: 36941408 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Forests influence climate and mitigate global change through the storage of carbon in soils. In turn, these complex ecosystems face important challenges, including increases in carbon dioxide, warming, drought and fire, pest outbreaks and nitrogen deposition. The response of forests to these changes is largely mediated by microorganisms, especially fungi and bacteria. The effects of global change differ among boreal, temperate and tropical forests. The future of forests depends mostly on the performance and balance of fungal symbiotic guilds, saprotrophic fungi and bacteria, and fungal plant pathogens. Drought severely weakens forest resilience, as it triggers adverse processes such as pathogen outbreaks and fires that impact the microbial and forest performance for carbon storage and nutrient turnover. Nitrogen deposition also substantially affects forest microbial processes, with a pronounced effect in the temperate zone. Considering plant-microorganism interactions would help predict the future of forests and identify management strategies to increase ecosystem stability and alleviate climate change effects. In this Review, we describe the impact of global change on the forest ecosystem and its microbiome across different climatic zones. We propose potential approaches to control the adverse effects of global change on forest stability, and present future research directions to understand the changes ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rubén López-Mondéjar
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Petr Kohout
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Wu L, Chen H, Chen D, Wang S, Wu Y, Wang B, Liu S, Yue L, Yu J, Bai Y. Soil biota diversity and plant diversity both contributed to ecosystem stability in grasslands. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:858-868. [PMID: 36922741 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of diversity on ecosystem stability in the context of global change has become an important goal of recent ecological research. However, the effects of diversity at multiple scales and trophic levels on ecosystem stability across environmental gradients remain unclear. Here, we conducted a field survey of α-, β-, and γ-diversity of plants and soil biota (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) and estimated the temporal ecosystem stability of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 132 plots on the Mongolian Plateau. After climate and soil environmental variables were controlled for, both the α- and β-diversity of plants and soil biota (mainly via nematodes) together with precipitation explained most variation in ecosystem stability. These findings evidence that the diversity of both soil biota and plants contributes to ecosystem stability. Model predictions of the future effects of global changes on terrestrial ecosystem stability will require field observations of diversity of both plants and soil biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liji Wu
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Huasong Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dima Chen
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shengen Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Linyan Yue
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Wu D, Xu C, Wang S, Zhang L, Kortsch S. Why are biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships so elusive? Trophic interactions may amplify ecosystem function variability. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:367-376. [PMID: 36062409 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs) has attracted great interest. Studies on BEF have so far focused on the average trend of ecosystem function as species diversity increases. A tantalizing but rarely addressed question is why large variations in ecosystem functions are often observed across systems with similar species diversity, likely obscuring observed BEFs. Here we use a multi-trophic food web model in combination with empirical data to examine the relationships between species richness and the variation in ecosystem functions (VEFs) including biomass, metabolism, decomposition, and primary and secondary production. We then probe the mechanisms underlying these relationships, focusing on the role of trophic interactions. While our results reinforce the previously documented positive BEF relationships, we found that ecosystem functions exhibit significant variation within each level of species richness and the magnitude of this variation displays a hump-shaped relationship with species richness. Our analyses demonstrate that VEFs is reduced when consumer diversity increases through elevated nonlinearity in trophic interactions, and/or when the diversity of basal species such as producers and decomposers decreases. This explanation is supported by a 34-year empirical food web time series from the Gulf of Riga ecosystem. Our work suggests that biodiversity loss may not only result in ecosystem function decline, but also reduce the predictability of functions by generating greater function variability among ecosystems. It thus helps to reconcile the debate on the generality of positive BEF relationships and to disentangle the drivers of ecosystem stability. The role of trophic interactions and the variation in their strengths mediated by functional responses in shaping ecosystem function variation warrants further investigations and better incorporation into biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Susanne Kortsch
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Dong X, Qu L, Dong G, Legesse TG, Akram MA, Tong Q, Jiang S, Yan Y, Xin X, Deng J, Shao C. Mowing mitigated the sensitivity of ecosystem carbon fluxes responses to heat waves in a Eurasian meadow steppe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158610. [PMID: 36089030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The heat waves (HW) will be more frequent and intense in the future with increased human activity and uncertain implications for ecosystem carbon fluxes. The semi-arid Eurasian grassland is sensitive to climate change and under frequent HWs attacks. Mowing as one of the most common human practices in this region, combining with HW can have comprehensive effects on plant communities, biomass, and nutrient cycling. Hence, a 3-year (2019-2021) field manipulation experiment was conducted to assess how mowing influenced the carbon cycling under HWs, and the interactions between HWs and mowing on carbon fluxes at the community and ecosystem levels in a Eurasian meadow steppe. Over the three years, HW significantly reduced net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) by 28 % and 8 % (P < 0.05), respectively, whereas ecosystem respiration (Re) did not show significant changes. Moderate mowing (stubble height was set at 6-8 cm) for harvest effectively mitigated ecosystem sensitivity to HWs and significantly increased ecosystem carbon fluxes (NEE, Re, and GEP), biomass and the number of species. Mowing reduced the negative impact of HWs on ecosystem carbon fluxes by about 15 % compared to HWs alone, contributing to the invasion of species such as Thalictrum squarrosum and Vicia amoena, and increased the indirect effect of HW on NEE in the structural equation model. In addition, the higher soil water content (SWC) was another effective way to reduce the impact of HWs. Therefore, mowing and higher SWC would be effective ways to counteract the negative effects of HWs on carbon fluxes in future grassland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luping Qu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Isotope Research Center, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gang Dong
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Tong
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuchun Yan
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Changliang Shao
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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34
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Qu Y, Liu Q, Zhao W, Cheng H, Chen H, Tian Y, Ma S, Chen Y, Ma J. Characters and environmental driving factors of bacterial community in soil of Beijing urban parks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114178. [PMID: 36087773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In an era of unprecedented human influence, different human activities have different degrees of impact on specific bacteria, resulting in the regional biological homogenization of soil bacteria. However, the contribution of the impact that a large number of anthropogenic activities on bacteria remains unknown. Here, by high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we characterized the composition, diversity and influencing factors of soil microbes in Beijing urban parks at geographic space and park management aspect. It is the first time to quantify and compare the importance of the impact of up to 15 human activities on soil bacterial communities. The results show that the dominant bacterial phyla in Beijing urban parks were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. The environmental management of different park types, as well as the land use history and development conditions of different regions, had significant differences in soil bacterial community structure. Soil bacteria in urban parks were disturbed by direct human interference far more than natural causes. The most important factors were related to the number of tourists and residents, industrial production and land use patterns. These factors may also be related to the abundance of unknown bacteria in urban parks. This also directly shows that human activities have a non-negligible impact on soil bacteria. The ways in which different human activities brought by global urbanization and their impacting mechanisms are used should be the starting point of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Saiyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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35
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Multiple anthropogenic pressures eliminate the effects of soil microbial diversity on ecosystem functions in experimental microcosms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4260. [PMID: 35871070 PMCID: PMC9308766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is crucial for the provision of ecosystem functions. However, ecosystems are now exposed to a rapidly growing number of anthropogenic pressures, and it remains unknown whether biodiversity can still promote ecosystem functions under multifaceted pressures. Here we investigated the effects of soil microbial diversity on soil functions and properties when faced with an increasing number of simultaneous global change factors in experimental microcosms. Higher soil microbial diversity had a positive effect on soil functions and properties when no or few (i.e., 1–4) global change factors were applied, but this positive effect was eliminated by the co-occurrence of numerous global change factors. This was attributable to the reduction of soil fungal abundance and the relative abundance of an ecological cluster of coexisting soil bacterial and fungal taxa. Our study indicates that reducing the number of anthropogenic pressures should be a goal in ecosystem management, in addition to biodiversity conservation. It is unclear whether the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning are maintained under multifaceted anthropogenic disturbance. In this experiment, the authors show that multiple simultaneous stressors can negate the positive effect of microbial diversity on soil functions.
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36
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Li W, Wang B, Liu N, Yang M, Liu CQ, Xu S. River damming enhances ecological functional stability of planktonic microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049120. [PMID: 36532475 PMCID: PMC9749135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Planktonic microorganisms play an important role in maintaining the ecological functions in aquatic ecosystems, but how their structure and function interrelate and respond to environmental changes is still not very clear. Damming interrupts the river continuum and alters river nutrient biogeochemical cycling and biological succession. Considering that river damming decreases the irregular hydrological fluctuation, we hypothesized that it can enhance the ecological functional stability (EFS) of planktonic microorganisms. Therefore, the community composition of planktonic bacteria and archaea, functional genes related to carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycling, and relevant environmental factors of four cascade reservoirs in the Pearl River, Southern China, were investigated to understand the impact of damming on microbial community structure and function and verify the above hypothesis. Here, the ratio of function to taxa (F:T) based on Euclidean distance matrix analysis was first proposed to characterize the microbial EFS; the smaller the ratio, the more stable the ecological functions. The results showed that the reservoirs created by river damming had seasonal thermal and chemical stratifications with an increasing hydraulic retention time, which significantly changed the microbial structure and function. The river microbial F:T was significantly higher than that of the reservoirs, indicating that river damming enhances the EFS of the planktonic microorganisms. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that water temperature was an important factor influencing the relationship between the microbial structure and function and thus affected their EFS. In addition, reservoir hydraulic load was found a main factor regulating the seasonal difference in microbial EFS among the reservoirs. This study will help to deepen the understanding of the relationship between microbial structure and function and provide a theoretical basis of assessing the ecological function change after the construction of river damming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhu Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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37
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Jiao S, Qi J, Jin C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Pan H, Chen S, Liang C, Peng Z, Chen B, Qian X, Wei G. Core phylotypes enhance the resistance of soil microbiome to environmental changes to maintain multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6653-6664. [PMID: 36002985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural ecosystems are facing increasing environmental changes. Revealing ecological stability of belowground organisms is key to developing management strategies that maintain agricultural ecosystem services in a changing world. Here, we collected soils from adjacent pairs of maize and rice fields along large spatial scale across Eastern and Southeast China to investigate the importance of core microbiota as a predictor of resistance of soil microbiome (e.g. bacteria, fungi and protist) to climate changes and nutrient fertilization, and their effect on multiple ecosystem functions, representing key services for crop growth and health in agro-ecosystems. Soil microbiome in maize soils exhibited stronger resistance than that in rice soils, by considering multiple aspects of the resistance index, for example, community, phylogenetic conservation and network complexity. Community resistance of soil microbiome showed a geographic pattern, with higher resistance at lower latitudes, suggesting their stronger resistance in warmer regions. Particularly, we highlighted the role of core phylotypes in enhancing the community resistance of soil microbiome, which was essential for the maintenance of multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems. Our results represent a significant advance in linking core phylotypes to community resistance and ecosystem functions, and therefore forecasting agro-ecosystems dynamics in response to ongoing environmental changes. These suggest that core phylotypes should be considered a key factor in enhancing agricultural sustainability and crop productivity under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Jiejun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Chujie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Chunling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Xun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
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38
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Abstract
Miniature ecosystems provide insights into general ecological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Huelsmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ackermann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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39
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Liang M, Baiser B, Hallett LM, Hautier Y, Jiang L, Loreau M, Record S, Sokol ER, Zarnetske PL, Wang S. Consistent stabilizing effects of plant diversity across spatial scales and climatic gradients. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1669-1675. [PMID: 36123533 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity has widely been documented to enhance local community stability but whether such stabilizing effects of biodiversity extend to broader scales remains elusive. Here, we investigated the relationships between biodiversity and community stability in natural plant communities from quadrat (1 m2) to plot (400 m2) and regional (5-214 km2) scales and across broad climatic conditions, using an extensive plant community dataset from the National Ecological Observatory Network. We found that plant diversity provided consistent stabilizing effects on total community abundance across three nested spatial scales and climatic gradients. The strength of the stabilizing effects of biodiversity increased modestly with spatial scale and decreased as precipitation seasonality increased. Our findings illustrate the generality of diversity-stability theory across scales and climatic gradients, which provides a robust framework for understanding ecosystem responses to biodiversity and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Liang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Eric R Sokol
- National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), Battelle, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Phoebe L Zarnetske
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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40
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Dong L, Yao X, Deng Y, Zhang H, Zeng W, Li X, Tang J, Wang W. Nitrogen deficiency in soil mediates multifunctionality responses to global climatic drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156533. [PMID: 35679931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic processes that decrease the availability of nitrogen (N) frequently occur in soil. Losses of N may limit the multiple functions linked to carbon, N and phosphorous cycling of soil (soil multifunctionality, SMF). Microbial communities and SMF are intimately linked. However, the relationship between soil microbial communities and SMF in response to global changes under N deficiency has never been examined in natural ecosystems. Here, soil samples from nine temperate arid grassland sites were used to assess the importance of microbial communities as driver of SMF to climate change and N deficiency. SMF was significantly decreased by drought and drought-wetting cycles, independent of the availability of soil N. Interestingly, temperature changes (variable temperature and warming) significantly increased SMF in N-poor conditions. However, this was at the expense of decreased SMF resistance. Deterministic assembly-driven microbial α-diversity and particularly fungal α-diversity, but not β-diversity, were generally found to play key roles in maintaining SMF in N-poor soil, irrespective of the climate. The results have two important implications. First, the absence of the stability offered by β-diversity means N-poor ecosystems will be particularly sensitive to global climate changes. Second, fungi are more important than bacteria for maintaining SMF in N-poor soil under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Dong
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yanyu Deng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjin Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Tang
- Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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41
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Ishii NI, Hirota SK, Matsuo A, Sato MP, Sasaki T, Suyama Y. Species–genetic diversity correlations depend on ecological similarity between multiple moorland plant species. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro I. Ishii
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku Univ., Naruko‐onsen Osaki Miyagi Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National Univ., Hodogaya Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shun K. Hirota
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku Univ., Naruko‐onsen Osaki Miyagi Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsuo
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku Univ., Naruko‐onsen Osaki Miyagi Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko P. Sato
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku Univ., Naruko‐onsen Osaki Miyagi Japan
| | - Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National Univ., Hodogaya Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku Univ., Naruko‐onsen Osaki Miyagi Japan
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42
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Wu S, Chen Y, Hao C, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhang L. Promoting Biodiversity Conservation Requires a Better Understanding of the Relationships Between Ecosystem Services and Multiple Biodiversity Dimensions. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.891627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reverse the global trend of biodiversity loss, the concept of ecosystem services has been widely applied to make policymakers and the general public realize that conserving biodiversity possesses both intrinsic and utilitarian values. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to first have a clear understanding of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES). To advance our understanding of this issue, we first reviewed the major progress in current BES studies, with an emphasis on three biodiversity dimensions (i.e., taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and ecosystem diversity). Based on the findings, we then propose three research topics as future directions: (1) More direct and explicit studies on the effects of different dimensions of biodiversity on various ecosystem service types; (2) developing a biodiversity-based understanding of the formation of ecosystem services; (3) creation of science-based ecosystem management plans and policies that can maximize synergies between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service enhancement. By conducting such research, we will be able to not only further understand the complex relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services but also better promote the concept of ecosystem services for more successful biodiversity conservation in the future.
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