1
|
Tse RT, Wong CY, Ding X, Cheng CK, Chow C, Chan RC, Ng JH, Tang VW, Chiu PK, Teoh JY, Wong N, To K, Ng C. The establishment of kidney cancer organoid line in drug testing. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7432. [PMID: 38923304 PMCID: PMC11200131 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney cancer is a common urological malignancy worldwide with an increasing incidence in recent years. Among all subtypes, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most predominant malignancy in kidney. Clinicians faced a major challenge to select the most effective and suitable treatment regime for patients from a wide range of modalities, despite improved understanding and diagnosis of RCC. OBJECTIVE Recently, organoid culture gained more interest as the 3D model is shown to be highly patient specific which is hypothetically beneficial to the investigation of precision medicine. Nonetheless, the development and application of organotypic culture in RCC is still immature, therefore, the primary objective of this study was to establish an organoid model for RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with renal tumor and underwent surgical intervention were recruited. RCC specimen was collected and derived into organoids. Derived organoids were validated by histological examminations, sequencing and xenograft. Drug response of organoids were compared with resistance cell line and patients' clinical outcomes. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that organoids could be successfully derived from renal tumor and they exhibited high concordance in terms of immunoexpressional patterns. Sequencing results also depicted concordant mutations of driver genes in both organoids and parental tumor tissues. Critical and novel growth factors were discovered during the establishment of organoid model. Besides, organoids derived from renal tumor exhibited tumorigenic properties in vivo. In addition, organoids recapitulated patient's in vivo drug resistance and served as a platform to predict responsiveness of other therapeutic agents. CONCLUSION Our RCC organoid model recaptiluated histological and genetic features observed in primary tumors. It also served as a potential platform in drug screening for RCC patients, though future studies are necessary before translating the outcomes into clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz‐Hei Tse
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Christine Yim‐Ping Wong
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Carol Ka‐Lo Cheng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ronald Cheong‐Kin Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Joshua Hoi‐Yan Ng
- Department of PathologyPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalChai WanHong Kong
| | - Victor Wai‐Lun Tang
- Department of PathologyPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalChai WanHong Kong
| | - Peter Ka‐Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jeremy Yuen‐Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ka‐Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chi‐Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pereira F, Fernández-Barral A, Larriba MJ, Barbáchano A, González-Sancho JM. From molecular basis to clinical insights: a challenging future for the vitamin D endocrine system in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:2485-2518. [PMID: 37699548 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bustamante-Madrid P, Barbáchano A, Albandea-Rodríguez D, Rodríguez-Cobos J, Rodríguez-Salas N, Prieto I, Burgos A, Martínez de Villarreal J, Real FX, González-Sancho JM, Larriba MJ, Lafarga M, Muñoz A, Fernández-Barral A. Vitamin D opposes multilineage cell differentiation induced by Notch inhibition and BMP4 pathway activation in human colon organoids. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:301. [PMID: 38684650 PMCID: PMC11058856 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in colonic epithelial differentiation is key to unraveling the alterations causing inflammatory conditions and cancer. Organoid cultures provide an unique tool to address these questions but studies are scarce. We report a differentiation system toward enterocytes and goblet cells, the two major colonic epithelial cell lineages, using colon organoids generated from healthy tissue of colorectal cancer patients. Culture of these organoids in medium lacking stemness agents resulted in a modest ultrastructural differentiation phenotype with low-level expression of enterocyte (KLF4, KRT20, CA1, FABP2) and goblet cell (TFF2, TFF3, AGR2) lineage markers. BMP pathway activation through depletion of Noggin and addition of BMP4 resulted in enterocyte-biased differentiation. Contrarily, blockade of the Notch pathway using the γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) favored goblet cell differentiation. Combination treatment with BMP4 and DBZ caused a balanced strong induction of both lineages. In contrast, colon tumor organoids responded poorly to BMP4 showing only weak signals of cell differentiation, and were unresponsive to DBZ. We also investigated the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) on differentiation. Calcitriol attenuated the effects of BMP4 and DBZ on colon normal organoids, with reduced expression of differentiation genes and phenotype. Consistently, in normal organoids, calcitriol inhibited early signaling by BMP4 as assessed by reduction of the level of phospho-SMAD1/5/8. Our results show that BMP and Notch signaling play key roles in human colon stem cell differentiation to the enterocytic and goblet cell lineages and that calcitriol modulates these processes favoring stemness features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Albandea-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Cobos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Burgos
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez de Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan T, Wang Y, He K, Zhu S. Microbial sensing in the intestine. Protein Cell 2023; 14:824-860. [PMID: 37191444 PMCID: PMC10636641 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease, particularly through their interactions with the immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is dependent on the symbiotic relationships between the host and the diverse gut microbiota, which is influenced by the highly co-evolved immune-microbiota interactions. The first step of the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota is the sensing of the gut microbes by the host immune system. In this review, we describe the cells of the host immune system and the proteins that sense the components and metabolites of the gut microbes. We further highlight the essential roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the nuclear receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the intestine-resident immune cells. We also discuss the mechanisms by which the disruption of microbial sensing because of genetic or environmental factors causes human diseases such as the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Montero JC, Del Carmen S, Abad M, Sayagués JM, Barbáchano A, Fernández-Barral A, Muñoz A, Pandiella A. An amino acid transporter subunit as an antibody-drug conjugate target in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:200. [PMID: 37559159 PMCID: PMC10410906 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is difficult to treat. For that reason, the development of novel therapeutics is necessary. Here we describe a potentially actionable plasma membrane target, the amino acid transporter protein subunit CD98hc. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of CD98hc protein expression were carried out on paired normal and tumoral tissues from patients with CRC. Immunofluorescence and western studies were used to characterize the action of a DM1-based CD98hc-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). MTT and Annexin V studies were performed to evaluate the effect of the anti-CD98hc-ADC on cell proliferation and apoptosis. CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA were used to explore the specificity of the ADC. In vitro analyses of the antitumoral activity of the anti-CD98hc-ADC on 3D patient-derived normal as well as tumoral organoids were also carried out. Xenografted CRC cells and a PDX were used to analyze the antitumoral properties of the anti-CD98hc-ADC. RESULTS Genomic as well proteomic analyses of paired normal and tumoral samples showed that CD98hc expression was significantly higher in tumoral tissues as compared to levels of CD98hc present in the normal colonic tissue. In human CRC cell lines, an ADC that recognized the CD98hc ectodomain, reached the lysosomes and exerted potent antitumoral activity. The specificity of the CD98hc-directed ADC was demonstrated using CRC cells in which CD98hc was decreased by shRNA or deleted using CRISPR/Cas9. Studies in patient-derived organoids verified the antitumoral action of the anti-CD98hc-ADC, which largely spared normal tissue-derived colon organoids. In vivo studies using xenografted CRC cells or patient-derived xenografts confirmed the antitumoral activity of the anti-CD98hc-ADC. CONCLUSIONS The studies herewith reported indicate that CD98hc may represent a novel ADC target that, upon well-designed clinical trials, could be used to increase the therapeutic armamentarium against CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Montero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Sayagués
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long XQ, Liu MZ, Liu ZH, Xia LZ, Lu SP, Xu XP, Wu MH. Bile acids and their receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4252-4270. [PMID: 37545642 PMCID: PMC10401658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis are called inflammatory bowel disease. As a result of the interaction between the liver and the gut microbiota, bile acids are an atypical class of steroids produced in mammals and traditionally known for their function in food absorption. With the development of genomics and metabolomics, more and more data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease are regulated by bile acids and their receptors. Bile acids operate as signalling molecules by activating a variety of bile acid receptors that impact intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. Inflammatory bowel disease can be treated in new ways by using these potential molecules. This paper mainly discusses the increasing function of bile acids and their receptors in inflammatory bowel disease and their prospective therapeutic applications. In addition, we explore bile acid metabolism and the interaction of bile acids and the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Quan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lv-Zhou Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang M, Wei K, Li M, Lin C, Ke R. Single-molecule RNA in situ detection in clinical FFPE tissue sections by vsmCISH. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:836-846. [PMID: 36813533 PMCID: PMC10187679 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079482.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although RNA plays a vital role in gene expression, it is less used as an in situ biomarker for clinical diagnostics than DNA and protein. This is mainly due to technical challenges caused by the low expression level and easy degradation of RNA molecules. To tackle this issue, methods that are sensitive and specific are needed. Here, we present an RNA single-molecule chromogenic in situ hybridization assay based on DNA probe proximity ligation and rolling circle amplification. When the DNA probes hybridize into close proximity to the RNA molecules, they form a V-shape structure and mediate the circularization of circle probes. Thus, our method was termed vsmCISH. We successfully applied our method to assess HER2 mRNA expression status in invasive breast cancer tissue and investigated the utility of albumin mRNA ISH for differentiating primary from metastatic liver cancer. The promising results on clinical samples indicate that our method has great potential for application in diagnosing diseases using RNA biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaipeng Wei
- Department of Pathology, The 910 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meiqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rongqin Ke
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei D, Wang L, Liu Y, Hafley MA, Tan L, Lorenzi PL, Yang P, Zuo X, Bresalier RS. Activation of Vitamin D/VDR Signaling Reverses Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Through Inhibition of MUC1 Expression. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07931-3. [PMID: 37071246 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a poor prognosis due to its therapeutic resistance. Inactivation of vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling may contribute to the malignant phenotype of PDA and altered expression of oncoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) may be involved in drug resistance of cancer cells. AIM To determine whether vitamin D/VDR signaling regulates the expression and function of MUC1 and its effect on acquired gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS Molecular analyses and animal models were used to determine the impact of vitamin D/VDR signaling on MUC1 expression and response to gemcitabine treatment. RESULTS RPPA analysis indicated that MUC1 protein expression was significantly reduced in human PDA cells after treatment with vitamin D3 or its analog calcipotriol. VDR regulated MUC1 expression in both gain- and loss-of-function assays. Vitamin D3 or calcipotriol significantly induced VDR and inhibited MUC1 expression in acquired gemcitabine-resistant PDA cells and sensitized the resistant cells to gemcitabine treatment, while siRNA inhibition of MUC1 was associated with paricalcitol-associated sensitization of PDA cells to gemcitabine treatment in vitro. Administration of paricalcitol significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models and increased the intratumoral concentration of dFdCTP, the active metabolite of gemcitabine. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a previously unidentified vitamin D/VDR-MUC1 signaling axis involved in the regulation of gemcitabine resistance in PDA and suggests that combinational therapies that include targeted activation of vitamin D/VDR signaling may improve the outcomes of patients with PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margarete A Hafley
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prieto I, Barbáchano A, Rodríguez-Salas N, Viñal D, Cortés-Guiral D, Muñoz A, Fernández-Barral A. Tailored chemotherapy for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases based on a drug-screening platform in patient-derived organoids: a case report. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:442-449. [PMID: 36915469 PMCID: PMC10007935 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) has limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) have yielded initial promising results. However, standard local therapies with oxaliplatin and mitomycin are not optimal and a better individualized management of these patients remains as an unmet clinical need. Patient-derived organoid (PDO) technology allows to culture in three dimensions normal and cancer stem cells (CSC) that self-organize in multicellular structures that recapitulates some of the features of the particular organ or tumor of origin, emerging as a promising tool for drug-testing and precision medicine. This technology could improve the efficacy of systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy and avoid unnecessary treatments and side effects to the patient. Case Description Here we report a case of a 45-year-old man with a rectal adenocarcinoma with liver, lymph node and peritoneal metastases. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab) and was subjected to mitomycin-based PIPAC. We generated patient-derived peritoneal carcinomatosis organoids in order to screen the activity of drugs for a personalized treatment. Both 5-FU and SN-38, the active irinotecan derivative, displayed strong cytotoxicity, while the response to oxaliplatin was much lower. Although the development of a colo-cutaneous fistulae prevented from further PIPAC, the patient continued with fluoropirimidine maintenance treatment based on standard clinical practice and the drug-screening test performed on organoids. Conclusions Our results suggest that the peritoneal implant shows chemoresistance to oxaliplatin, while it might still be sensitive to irinotecan and 5-FU, which supports a potential benefit of these two drugs in the local and/or systemic treatment of our patient. This study shows the strength of the utility of the establishment of organoids for drug response assays and thus, for the personalized treatment of colorectal carcinomatosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Prieto
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Viñal
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao H, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Gao J, Li J, Li X. Vitamin D3 alleviates inflammation in ulcerative colitis by activating the VDR-NLRP6 signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135930. [PMID: 36845152 PMCID: PMC9944717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, VD3), as the major active ingredient of vitamin D and an anti-inflammatory activator, is closely related to the initiation and development of UC, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we carried out histological and physiological analyses in UC patients and UC mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and protein and mRNA expression were performed to analyze and identify the potential molecular mechanism in UC mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse intestinal epithelial cells (MIECs). Moreover, we established nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein nlrp6 -/- mice and siRNA-NLRP6 MIECs to further characterize the role of NLRP6 in anti-inflammation of VD3. Our study revealed that VD3 abolished NOD-like receptor protein 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome activation, suppressing NLRP6, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and Caspase-1 levels via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). ChIP and ATAC-seq showed that VDR transcriptionally repressed NLRP6 by binding to vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in the promoter of NLRP6, impairing UC development. Importantly, VD3 had both preventive and therapeutic effects on the UC mouse model via inhibition of NLRP6 inflammasome activation. Our results demonstrated that VD3 substantially represses inflammation and the development of UC in vivo. These findings reveal a new mechanism by which VD3 affects inflammation in UC by regulating the expression of NLRP6 and show the potential clinical use of VD3 in autoimmune syndromes or other NLRP6 inflammasome-driven inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Gao
- Pathology Center, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - He Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianshu Gao
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinxia Li
- Pathology Center, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hanai A, Kawabata A, Nakajima K, Masuda K, Urakawa I, Abe M, Yamazaki Y, Fukumoto S. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies Fgf23-expressing osteocytes in response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 treatment. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1102751. [PMID: 36776964 PMCID: PMC9911654 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone, mainly produced by osteocytes, regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. By contrast, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, has been shown to enhance FGF23 production. While it is likely that osteocytes are heterogenous in terms of gene expression profiles, specific subpopulations of Fgf23-expressing osteocytes have not been identified. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology can characterize the transcriptome of an individual cell. Recently, scRNA-seq has been used for bone tissue analysis. However, owing to technical difficulties associated with isolation of osteocytes, studies using scRNA-seq analysis to characterize FGF23-producing osteocytes are lacking. In this study, we characterized osteocytes secreting FGF23 from murine femurs in response to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) using scRNA-seq. We first detected Dmp1, Mepe, and Phex expression in murine osteocytes by in situ hybridization and used these as marker genes of osteocytes. After decalcification, enzyme digestion, and removal of CD45+ cells, femoral bone cells were subjected to scRNA-seq. We identified cell clusters containing osteocytes using marker gene expression. While Fgf23 expression was observed in some osteocytes isolated from femurs of calcitriol-injected mice, no Fgf23 expression was detected in untreated mice. In addition, the expression of several genes which are known to be changed after 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment such as Ccnd2, Fn1, Igfbp7, Pdgfa, and Timp1 was also affected by calcitriol treatment in Fgf23-expressing osteocytes, but not in those lacking Fgf23 expression, even after calcitriol administration. Furthermore, box-and-whisker plots indicated that Fgf23 expression was observed in osteocytes with higher expression levels of the Fam20c, Dmp1, and Phex genes, whose inactivating mutations have been shown to cause FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases. These results indicate that osteocytes are heterogeneous with respect to their responsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and sensitivity to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is one of the characteristics of osteocytes with Fgf23 expression. It is likely that there is a subpopulation of osteocytes expressing several genes, including Fgf23, involved in phosphate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hanai
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hematology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan,*Correspondence: Ayako Hanai,
| | | | | | | | | | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hematology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC cells are geared toward rapid proliferation, requiring nutrients and the removal of cellular waste in nutrient-poor environments. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the primary cell of origin for CRCs, must adapt their metabolism along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence to the unique features of their complex microenvironment that include interactions with intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, stromal cells, commensal microbes, and dietary components. Emerging evidence implicates modifiable risk factors related to the environment, such as diet, as important in CRC pathogenesis. Here, we focus on describing the metabolism of ISCs, diets that influence CRC initiation, CRC genetics and metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment. The mechanistic links between environmental factors, metabolic adaptations, and the tumor microenvironment in enhancing or supporting CRC tumorigenesis are becoming better understood. Thus, greater knowledge of CRC metabolism holds promise for improved prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Sedlak
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Chen M, Deng K. Blocking the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway to treat colorectal cancer: Strategies to improve current therapies (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 62:24. [PMID: 36579676 PMCID: PMC9854240 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumor types occurring in the digestive system. The incidence of CRC has exhibits yearly increases and the mortality rate among patients with CRC is high. The Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, which is associated with carcinogenesis, is abnormally activated in CRC. Most patients with CRC have adenomatous polyposis coli mutations, while half of the remaining patients have β‑catenin gene mutations. Therefore, targeting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway for the treatment of CRC is of clinical value. In recent years, with in‑depth research on the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, inhibitors have been developed that are able to suppress or hinder the development and progression of CRC. In the present review, the role of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in CRC is summarized, the research status on Wnt/β‑catenin pathway inhibitors is outlined and potential targets for inhibition of this pathway are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Department of Gerontology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Professor Mo Chen, Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Ximianqiao Cross Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Kai Deng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pastukhova Y, Luzza F, Shevel S, Savchuk O, Ostapchenko L, Falalyeyeva T, Molochek N, Kuryk O, Korotkyi O, Kobyliak N. Changes in Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease Depending on the Status of D3. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2022; 17:280-290. [PMID: 35319388 DOI: 10.2174/1574887117666220321152855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. A relatively large number of patients with this type of diabetes have abdominal obesity, which also affects insulin resistance development. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to damage and dysfunction of various organs, and a striking example is diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a specific kind of kidney damage that occurs due to complications of diabetes and is accompanied by the formation of diffuse or nodular glomerulosclerosis, which can lead to terminal renal failure and requires immediate substitution through renal therapy or renal transplantation. Diabetic nephropathy is diagnosed with albuminuria and a decrease in the rate of glomerular filtration. METHODS This review was based on a literature search for the most important evidence of vitamin D as a possible method of prevention for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. Collected published articles were summarized according to their overall themes. RESULTS In this review, we considered vitamin D as a possible method of treatment for type 2 diabetes, as well as its complications, including diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSION Studies show that vitamin D inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in improved renal function in diabetic nephropathy. Vitamin D also has antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-metastatic effects, which improve endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olena Kuryk
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Henn M, Martin-Gorgojo V, Martin-Moreno JM. Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope. Nutrients 2022; 14:4512. [PMID: 36364774 PMCID: PMC9657468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive epigenome and transcriptome analyses have unveiled numerous biological mechanisms, including the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in neoplastic cells, as well as the modulation of the antineoplastic action of the immune system, which plausibly explains the observed population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk. However, large randomized clinical trials involving cholecalciferol supplementation have so far failed to show the potential of such interventions in cancer prevention. In this article, we attempt to reconcile the supposed contradiction of these findings by undertaking a thorough review of the literature, including an assessment of the limitations in the design, conduct, and analysis of the studies conducted thus far. We examine the long-standing dilemma of whether the beneficial effects of vitamin D levels increase significantly above a critical threshold or if the conjecture is valid that an increase in available cholecalciferol translates directly into an increase in calcitriol activity. In addition, we try to shed light on the high interindividual epigenetic and transcriptomic variability in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Moreover, we critically review the standards of interpretation of the available study results and propose criteria that could allow us to reach sound conclusions in this field. Finally, we advocate for options tailored to individual vitamin D needs, combined with a comprehensive intervention that favors prevention through a healthy environment and responsible health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Henn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Martin-Gorgojo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Martin-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matos C, Mamilos A, Shah PN, Meedt E, Weber D, Ghimire S, Hiergeist A, Gessner A, Dickinson A, Dressel R, Walter L, Stark K, Heid IM, Poeck H, Edinger M, Wolff D, Herr W, Holler E, Kreutz M, Ghimire S. Downregulation of the vitamin D receptor expression during acute gastrointestinal graft versus host disease is associated with poor outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028850. [PMID: 36341397 PMCID: PMC9632171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is critical in regulating intestinal homeostasis and emerging evidence demonstrates that VDR deficiency is a critical factor in inflammatory bowel disease pathology. However, no clinical data exist regarding the intestinal expression of VDR in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Analyzing intestinal biopsies from 90 patients undergoing HSCT with mortality follow-up, we demonstrated that patients with severe acute gastrointestinal graft versus host disease (GI-GvHD) showed significant downregulation of VDR gene expression compared to mild or no acute GI-GvHD patients (p = 0.007). Reduced VDR expression was already detectable at acute GI-GvHD onset compared to GvHD-free patients (p = 0.01). These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) where patients with severe acute GI-GvHD showed fewer VDR+ cells (p = 0.03) and a reduced VDR staining score (p = 0.02) as compared to mild or no acute GI-GvHD patients. Accordingly, low VDR gene expression was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) (p = 1.6x10-6) but not with relapse-related mortality (RRM). A multivariate Cox regression analysis identified low VDR as an independent risk factor for TRM (p = 0.001, hazard ratio 4.14, 95% CI 1.78-9.63). Furthermore, VDR gene expression significantly correlated with anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) gene expression (DEFA5: r = 0.637, p = 7x10-5, DEFA6: r 0 0.546, p = 0.001). In conclusion, our findings suggest an essential role of the VDR in the pathogenesis of gut GvHD and the prognosis of patients undergoing HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mamilos
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pranali N. Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Meedt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saroj Ghimire
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Andreas Hiergeist
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dickinson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Department for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sakhila Ghimire,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramarao KDR, Somasundram C, Razali Z, Kunasekaran W, Jin TL, Musa S, Achari VM. Antiproliferative effects of dried Moringa oleifera leaf extract on human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274814. [PMID: 36197921 PMCID: PMC9534417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have seen an elevated use in clinical works like regenerative medicine. Its potential therapeutic properties increases when used in tandem with complementary agents like bio-based materials. Therefore, the present study is the first to investigate the cytotoxicity of a highly valued medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera, on human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) and its effects on the cells' gene expression when used as a pre-treatment agent in vitro. M. oleifera leaves (MOL) were dried and subjected to UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis, revealing several major compounds like apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin in the MOL, with various biological activities like antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. We then treated the hWJMSCs with MOL and noticed a dose-dependant inhibition on the cells' proliferation. RNA-sequencing was performed to explain the possible mechanism of action and revealed genes like PPP1R1C, SULT2B1, CDKN1A, mir-154 and CCNB1, whose expression patterns were closely associated with the negative cell cycle regulation and cell cycle arrest process. This is also evident from gene set enrichment analysis where the GO and KEGG terms for down-regulated pathways were closely related to the cell cycle regulation. The Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software further predicted the significant activation of (p < 0.05, z-score > 2) of the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation pathway. The present study suggests that MOL exhibits an antiproliferative effect on hWJMSCs via cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways. We believe that this study provides an important baseline reference for future works involving MOL's potential to accompany MSCs for clinical works. Future works can take advantage of the cell's strong anti-cancer gene expression found in this study, and evaluate our MOL treatment on various cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kivaandra Dayaa Rao Ramarao
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandran Somasundram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zuliana Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tan Li Jin
- Cytonex Sdn. Bhd., Menara UOA Bangsar, Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Musa
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayan Manickam Achari
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szymczak-Tomczak A, Ratajczak AE, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Hryhorowicz S, Rychter AM, Zawada A, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195715. [PMID: 36233580 PMCID: PMC9573215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted activity of vitamin D in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a challenge for further research in this area. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism, it participates in the regulation of the immune system, and it is an underlying factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. Additionally, vitamin D affects Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, influencing the release of cytokines and inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression and the wnt/β-catenin pathway. As far as IBDs are concerned, they are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, abnormal inflammatory response, and micronutrient deficiency, including vitamin D hypovitaminosis. In turn, the biological activity of active vitamin D is regulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is associated with several processes related to IBD. Therefore, in terms of research on vitamin D supplementation in IBD patients, it is essential to understand the metabolic pathways and genetic determinants of vitamin D, as well as to identify the environmental factors they are subject to, not only in view of osteoporosis prevention and therapy, but primarily concerning modulating the course and supplementation of IBD pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.-T.); (A.E.R.); Tel.: +48-8691-343 (A.S.-T.); +48-667-385-996 (A.E.R.); Fax: +48-8691-686 (A.E.R.)
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.-T.); (A.E.R.); Tel.: +48-8691-343 (A.S.-T.); +48-667-385-996 (A.E.R.); Fax: +48-8691-686 (A.E.R.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aita R, Aldea D, Hassan S, Hur J, Pellon-Cardenas O, Cohen E, Chen L, Shroyer N, Christakos S, Verzi MP, Fleet JC. Genomic analysis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 action in mouse intestine reveals compartment and segment-specific gene regulatory effects. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102213. [PMID: 35779631 PMCID: PMC9358460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD) regulates intestinal calcium absorption in the small intestine (SI) and also reduces risk of colonic inflammation and cancer. However, the intestine compartment-specific target genes of VD signaling are unknown. Here, we examined VD action across three functional compartments of the intestine using RNA-seq to measure VD-induced changes in gene expression and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation with next generation sequencing to measure vitamin D receptor (VDR) genomic binding. We found that VD regulated the expression of 55 shared transcripts in the SI crypt, SI villi, and in the colon, including Cyp24a1, S100g, Trpv6, and Slc30a10. Other VD-regulated transcripts were unique to the SI crypt (162 up, 210 down), villi (199 up, 63 down), or colon (102 up, 28 down), but this did not correlate with mRNA levels of the VDR. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis identified unique VD-regulated biological functions in each compartment. VDR-binding sites were found in 70% of upregulated genes from the colon and SI villi but were less common in upregulated genes from the SI crypt and among downregulated genes, suggesting some transcript-level VD effects are likely indirect. Consistent with this, we show that VD regulated the expression of other transcription factors and their downstream targets. Finally, we demonstrate that compartment-specific VD-mediated gene expression was associated with compartment-specific VDR-binding sites (<30% of targets) and enrichment of intestinal transcription factor-binding motifs within VDR-binding peaks. Taken together, our data reveal unique spatial patterns of VD action in the intestine and suggest novel mechanisms that could account for compartment-specific functions of this hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aita
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dennis Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sohaib Hassan
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Hur
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Oscar Pellon-Cardenas
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Evan Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Noah Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA.
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu Y, Guan T, Xu S, Chen YE, Shen Q, Zhu S, Liu Y, Liang J, Hou S. Asperuloside inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colitis associated cancer via activation of vitamin D receptor. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154070. [PMID: 35523114 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asperuloside is a natural compound extracted from various herbs with several bioactivities. Its effects on anti-inflammation and anti-tumor indicated that asperuloside might prevent colorectal cancer developing from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). But there were few reports about the efficacy and mechanism of asperuloside on improving colorectal cancer. It has been reported that vitamin D receptor (VDR) could regulate the expression of SMAD3. In previous study, asperuloside could significantly improve the expression of VDR and reduced Smad3 mRNA in IEC-6 cell. PURPOSE The present study was aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of asperuloside on inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colitis associated cancer. STUDY DESIGN First, in LPS-injured IEC-6 cell, asperuloside inhibited phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) level, improved VDR expression and reduced Smad3 mRNA. Second, we wonder the relationship between VDR signaling and nucleus factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling during asperuloside on reducing Smad3 mRNA. And then, the effect of asperuloside on inhibiting EMT development through VDR/Smad3 was investigated. Finally, we testified the effect of asperuloside on protecting against colitis associated cancer (CAC) by inhibiting EMT development through VDR/Smad3. METHODS Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (PDTC) was used for established NF-κB-inhibited IEC-6 cell. This cell was applied for investigating the relationship between NF-κB and VDR of asperuloside on inhibiting Smad3. VDR-inhibited cell was established by small interfering RNA (siRNA) of VDR and was employed to investigate the role of VDR for asperuloside on decreasing Smad3. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) was used for inducing EMT/fibrosis in IEC-6 cell. TGFβ1-stimulated cell was used for testifying the effect of asperuloside on inhibiting EMT development. AOM/DSS-induced CAC was established to investigate the effect of asperuloside on suppressing cancer development. RESULTS Asperuloside inhibited the level of p-p65 which was up-regulated by LPS. Asperuloside could up-regulate VDR signaling and reduce Smad3 mRNA in NF-κB-knockdown IEC-6 cells. Asperuloside failed to reduce Smad3 mRNA due to VDR knockdown, which implied that asperuloside might down-regulate Smad3 mRNA dependently on activation of VDR signaling and independently on inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Asperuloside exhibited significant prevention of EMT development in TGFβ1-induced IEC-6 cell (EMT cell) and mice CAC. Asperuloside reduced the transform of epithelial phenotype into motile mesenchymal phenotype in EMT cell along with decreasing levels of EMT markers by inhibiting Smad3 mRNA via activation of VDR. In mice with CAC, expression of VDR in colon was improved by asperuloside. Symptoms of colitis, tumor number and tumor size were significantly inhibited by asperuloside. Suppressed EMT development was determined by reduced α-SMA expression and decreased mRNAs of several EMT markers. CONCLUSION Asperuloside might prevent CAC through inhibiting EMT development via regulation of VDR/Smad3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoxi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Er Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wong LL, Bruxvoort CG, Cejda NI, Delaney MR, Otero JR, Forsthoefel DJ. Intestine-enriched apolipoprotein b orthologs are required for stem cell progeny differentiation and regeneration in planarians. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3803. [PMID: 35778403 PMCID: PMC9249923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an instructive role in regulating stem cell state and differentiation. However, the roles of lipid mobilization and utilization in stem cell-driven regeneration are unclear. Planarian flatworms readily restore missing tissue due to injury-induced activation of pluripotent somatic stem cells called neoblasts. Here, we identify two intestine-enriched orthologs of apolipoprotein b, apob-1 and apob-2, which mediate transport of neutral lipid stores from the intestine to target tissues including neoblasts, and are required for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Inhibition of apob function by RNAi causes head regression and lysis in uninjured animals, and delays body axis re-establishment and regeneration of multiple organs in amputated fragments. Furthermore, apob RNAi causes expansion of the population of differentiating neoblast progeny and dysregulates expression of genes enriched in differentiating and mature cells in eight major cell type lineages. We conclude that intestine-derived lipids serve as a source of metabolites required for neoblast progeny differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily L Wong
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Christina G Bruxvoort
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center - Research Services, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas I Cejda
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew R Delaney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jannette Rodriguez Otero
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Education, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - David J Forsthoefel
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sirajudeen S, Shah I, Ayoub MA, Karam SM, Al Menhali A. Long-Term Vitamin D Deficiency Results in the Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Alteration of Multiple Gastric Epithelial Cell Lineages in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126684. [PMID: 35743124 PMCID: PMC9224370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one billion people globally are vitamin D (VD) deficient. Studies on the biological roles of VD are numerous but very little on the stomach. This project aims to understand how gastric homeostasis is affected by VD deficiency caused by prolonged exposure to darkness alone or combined with VD deficient diet. Three groups of C57/BL6 mice were subjected to different light exposure conditions and diets for 12 months (n = 8−12/group): control—12 h/12 h light/dark SDL (Standard Diet/Light), 24 h dark SDD (Standard Diet/Dark), and 24 h dark VDD (VD deficient diet/Dark). Stomach samples were collected for different multi-label lectin-/immuno-histochemical and qRT-PCR analyses, and the serum for LC-MS-MS. We found that the membrane VD receptor is expressed widely in the stomach when compared to nuclear VD receptors. Compared to SDL, VDD mice developed mucous cell expansion with increased mucins-mRNA (3.27 ± 2.73 (p < 0.05)) increased apoptotic cells, 15 ± 7 (p ≤ 0.001)); decreased cell proliferation, 4 ± 4 (p < 0.05)) and decreased acid secretion 33 ± 2 μEq/kg (p ≤ 0.0001)). Interestingly, mice exposed to full darkness developed mild VD deficiency with higher VD epimer levels: 11.9 ± 2.08 ng/mL (p ≤ 0.0001)), expansion in zymogenic cell number (16 ± 3 (p ≤ 0.01)), and a reduction in acid secretion (18 ± 2 μEq/kg (p ≤ 0.0001)). In conclusion, changes in light exposure or VD levels have serious physiological effects on the gastric mucosa, which should be considered during the management of gastric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Sirajudeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang T, Liang N, Li J, Hu P, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Zhang H. MDSCs might be "Achilles heel" for eradicating CSCs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:39-50. [PMID: 35595600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During tumor initiation and progression, the complicated role of immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment remains a concern. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immune cells that originate from the bone marrow and have immunosuppressive potency in various diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the key role of cancer stemness has received increasing attention in cancer development and therapy. Several studies have demonstrated the important regulatory relationship between MDSCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, there is still no clear understanding regarding the complex interacting regulation of tumor malignancy, and current research progress is limited. In this review, we summarize the complicated role of MDSCs in the modulation of cancer stemness, evaluate the mechanism of the relationship between CSCs and MDSCs, and discuss potential strategies for eradicating CSCs with respect to MDSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 920 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Intervention Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muñoz A, Grant WB. Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:1448. [PMID: 35406059 PMCID: PMC9003337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D's anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERONC and IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Blackmur JP, Vaughan-Shaw PG, Donnelly K, Harris BT, Svinti V, Ochocka-Fox AM, Freile P, Walker M, Gurran T, Reid S, Semple CA, Din FVN, Timofeeva M, Dunlop MG, Farrington SM. Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Vitamin D-Associated Gene Modules in Adult Normal Rectal Epithelium Following Supplementation. Front Genet 2022; 12:783970. [PMID: 35096006 PMCID: PMC8790603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.783970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common, multifactorial disease. While observational studies have identified an association between lower vitamin D and higher CRC risk, supplementation trials have been inconclusive and the mechanisms by which vitamin D may modulate CRC risk are not well understood. We sought to perform a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules present after vitamin D supplementation (when plasma vitamin D level was sufficient) which were absent before supplementation, and then to identify influential genes in those modules. The transcriptome from normal rectal mucosa biopsies of 49 individuals free from CRC were assessed before and after 12 weeks of 3200IU/day vitamin D (Fultium-D3) supplementation using paired-end total RNAseq. While the effects on expression patterns following vitamin D supplementation were subtle, WGCNA identified highly correlated genes forming gene modules. Four of the 17 modules identified in the post-vitamin D network were not preserved in the pre-vitamin D network, shedding new light on the biochemical impact of supplementation. These modules were enriched for GO terms related to the immune system, hormone metabolism, cell growth and RNA metabolism. Across the four treatment-associated modules, 51 hub genes were identified, with enrichment of 40 different transcription factor motifs in promoter regions of those genes, including VDR:RXR. Six of the hub genes were nominally differentially expressed in studies of vitamin D effects on adult normal mucosa organoids: LCN2, HLA-C, AIF1L, PTPRU, PDE4B and IFI6. By taking a gene-correlation network approach, we have described vitamin D induced changes to gene modules in normal human rectal epithelium in vivo, the target tissue from which CRC develops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Blackmur
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Vaughan-Shaw
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Donnelly
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley T. Harris
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Maria Ochocka-Fox
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paz Freile
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Walker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Gurran
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Reid
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Farhat V. N. Din
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malcolm G. Dunlop
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Martin SJ. The FEBS Journal
in 2022: trust the science and treasure the data. FEBS J 2022; 289:4-8. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seamus J. Martin
- The FEBS Journal Editorial Office Cambridge UK
- Department of Genetics Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vaughan-Shaw PG, Blackmur JP, Grimes G, Ooi LY, Ochocka-Fox AM, Dunbar K, von Kriegsheim A, Rajasekaran V, Timofeeva M, Walker M, Svinti V, Din FVN, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG. Vitamin D treatment induces in vitro and ex vivo transcriptomic changes indicating anti-tumor effects. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22082. [PMID: 34918389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101430rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk of several common cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we have utilized patient derived epithelial organoids (ex vivo) and CRC cell lines (in vitro) to show that calcitriol (1,25OHD) increased the expression of the CRC tumor suppressor gene, CDH1, at both the transcript and protein level. Whole genome expression analysis demonstrated significant differential expression of a further six genes after 1,25OHD treatment, including genes with established links to carcinogenesis GADD45, EFTUD1 and KIAA1199. Furthermore, gene ontologies relevant to carcinogenesis were enriched by 1,25OHD treatment (e.g., 'regulation of Wnt signaling pathway', 'regulation of cell death'), with common enriched processes across in vitro and ex vivo cultures including 'negative regulation of cell proliferation', 'regulation of cell migration' and 'regulation of cell differentiation'. Our results identify genes and pathways that are modifiable by calcitriol that have links to CRC tumorigenesis. Hence the findings provide potential mechanism to the epidemiological and clinical trial data indicating a causal association between vitamin D and CRC. We suggest there is strong rationale for further well-designed trials of vitamin D supplementation as a novel CRC chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Vaughan-Shaw
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James P Blackmur
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graeme Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Li-Yin Ooi
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Anna M Ochocka-Fox
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Dunbar
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vidya Rajasekaran
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- DIAS, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marion Walker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Farhat V N Din
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Christakos S. Vitamin D: A Critical Regulator of Intestinal Physiology. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10554. [PMID: 34950825 PMCID: PMC8674771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is required for the functioning of numerous biological processes and is essential for skeletal health. The major source of new calcium is from the diet. The central role of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase the absorption of ingested calcium from the intestine. The critical importance of vitamin D in this process is noted in the causal link between vitamin D deficiency and rickets, as well as in studies using genetically modified mice including mice deficient in the vitamin D receptor (Vdr null mice) or in the cytochrome P‐450 enzyme, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐ hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that converts 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (Cyp27b1 null mice). When these mice are fed diets with high calcium and lactose, rickets is prevented. The studies using mouse models provide supporting evidence indicating that the major physiological function of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR is intestinal calcium absorption. This review summarizes what is known about mechanisms involved in vitamin D‐regulated intestinal calcium absorption. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D does not affect a single entity, but that a complex network of calcium‐regulating components is involved in the process of 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated active intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, numerous 1,25(OH)2D3 actions in the intestine have been described independent of calcium absorption. Although the translatability to humans requires further definition, an overview is presented that provides compelling evidence from the laboratory of 1,25(OH)2D3 intestinal effects, which include the regulation of adhesion molecules to enhance barrier function, the regulation of intestinal stem cell function, cellular homeostasis of other divalent cations, the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, and anti‐inflammatory effects. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wester RA, van Voorthuijsen L, Neikes HK, Dijkstra JJ, Lamers LA, Frölich S, van der Sande M, Logie C, Lindeboom RG, Vermeulen M. Retinoic acid signaling drives differentiation toward the absorptive lineage in colorectal cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103444. [PMID: 34877501 PMCID: PMC8633980 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is an important and conserved pathway that regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, perturbed RA signaling is implicated in cancer initiation and progression. However, the mechanisms by which RA signaling contributes to homeostasis, malignant transformation, and disease progression in the intestine remain incompletely understood. Here, we report, in agreement with previous findings, that activation of the Retinoic Acid Receptor and the Retinoid X Receptor results in enhanced transcription of enterocyte-specific genes in mouse small intestinal organoids. Conversely, inhibition of this pathway results in reduced expression of genes associated with the absorptive lineage. Strikingly, this latter effect is conserved in a human organoid model for colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We further show that RXR motif accessibility depends on progression state of CRC organoids. Finally, we show that reduced RXR target gene expression correlates with worse CRC prognosis, implying RA signaling as a putative therapeutic target in CRC. RA signaling contributes to enterocyte differentiation in murine intestinal organoids Inhibition of RXR decreases enterocyte gene expression in colon cancer organoids Accessibility of RXR motifs correlates with RXRi susceptibility High expression of RA signaling targets correlates with higher CRC patient survival
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roelof A. Wester
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa van Voorthuijsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah K. Neikes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer J. Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke A. Lamers
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Siebren Frölich
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Sande
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rik G.H. Lindeboom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee HJ, Song YM, Baek S, Park YH, Park JB. Vitamin D Enhanced the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Composed of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111271. [PMID: 34833489 PMCID: PMC8625339 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is a bone modulator widely used in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to analyze the effects of vitamin D on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Spheroids were fabricated using human bone marrow-derived stem cells, and were cultured in the presence of vitamin D at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM. Stem cell spheroids were fabricated and the morphological evaluation was conducted on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Determination of qualitative cellular viability was performed with Live/Dead Kit assay on days 1 and 7. Quantitative cellular viability was evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8 on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. To analyze the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids, alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed with commercially available kit on days 7 and 14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1 on days 7 and 14. Results: The stem cells produced well-formed spheroids, and addition of vitamin D did not result in any noticeable changes in the shape. The addition of vitamin D did not significantly change the diameter of the spheroids at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 nM concentrations. Quantitative cell viability results from days 1, 3, 7 and 14 showed no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). There was significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the 0.1 nM group when compared with the control group on day 14 (p < 0.05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, OCN, and COL1A1 were significantly increased when vitamin D was added to the culture. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we concluded that vitamin D could be applied to the increased osteogenicity of stem cell spheroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
| | - Young-Min Song
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
| | | | - Yoon-Hee Park
- Ebiogen, #405, Sungsu A1 Center 48 Ttukseom-ro 17-ga-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04785, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6290
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wibowo S, Subandiyah K, Handono K, Poeranto S. The Potential of Vitamin D3 to Repaired Mucosal Injury in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Acute Colitis in Mice. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has become an emerging disease worldwide. The treatment of IBD involves two basic principles: Inflammation control and mucosal repair.
AIM: This study evaluates the potential effect of Vitamin D3 in mucosal repair through colon stem cell activation and proliferation.
METHODS: Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS; 5%) was used to induce colitis in mice. Vitamin D3 at various dosages was then administered as a treatment. The mice were divided into five groups: Control (C-); DSS only (C+); and DSS (5%) plus Vitamin D3 at 0.2 μg (VD1), 0.4 μg (VD2), or 0.6 μg (VD3) per 25 g body weight as the treatment groups. Immunofluorescence analyses of Lgr5+ expression indicated stem cell activation, and Ki67 expression indicated stem cell proliferation. The disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathological index scores were determined after treatment to assess the inflammation and severity of colitis.
RESULTS: Immunofluorescence analyses showed a gradually increasing expression of Lgr5+ also Ki67 in proportion with high doses group of Vitamin D3 (p < 0.05). The colon length, DAI scores, and histopathological index scores improved in all groups after Vitamin D3 treatment (p = 0.05; p = 0.026; and p = 0.029, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D3 has a potential beneficial effect on amplifying intestinal stem cells regulated by Wnt/B-catenin signaling. It is also reduced the inflammatory process proved by the evaluation severity of colitis. It might play an essential role in mucosal repair in IBD.
Collapse
|
32
|
Inflammation- and Gut-Homing Macrophages, Engineered to De Novo Overexpress Active Vitamin D, Promoted the Regenerative Function of Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179516. [PMID: 34502422 PMCID: PMC8430522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Available drugs aim to suppress gut inflammation. These drugs have significantly delayed disease progression and improved patients’ quality of life. However, the disease continues to progress, underscoring the need to develop novel therapies. Aside from chronic gut inflammation, IBD patients also experience a leaky gut problem due to damage to the intestinal epithelial layer. In this regard, epithelial regeneration and repair are mediated by intestinal stem cells. However, no therapies are available to directly enhance the intestinal stem cells’ regenerative and repair function. Recently, it was shown that active vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, was necessary to maintain Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, actively cycling under physiological conditions. In this study, we used two strategies to investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D in intestinal stem cells’ regenerative function. First, to avoid the side effects of systemic high 1,25(OH)2D conditions, we used our recently developed novel strategy to deliver locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations specifically to inflamed intestines. Second, because of the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells’ active cycling status, we used a pulse-and-chase strategy via 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to trace the Lgr5+ stem cells through the whole epithelial regeneration process. Our data showed that locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations enhanced intestinal stem cell migration. Additionally, the migrated cells differentiated into mature epithelial cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that local delivery of high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations is a promising strategy to augment intestinal epithelial repair in IBD patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
Modulating cell differentiation in cancer models. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1803-1816. [PMID: 34436513 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been traditionally viewed as a disease characterised by excessive and uncontrolled proliferation, leading to the development of cytotoxic therapies against highly proliferating malignant cells. However, tumours frequently relapse due to the presence of slow-cycling cancer stem cells eluding chemo and radiotherapy. Since these malignant stem cells are largely undifferentiated, inducing their lineage commitment has been proposed as a potential intervention strategy to deplete tumours from their most resistant components. Pro-differentiation approaches have thus far yielded clinical success in the reversion of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), and new developments are fast widening their therapeutic applicability to solid carcinomas. Recent advances in cancer differentiation discussed here highlight the potential and outstanding challenges of differentiation-based approaches.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vitamin D and the risk for cancer: A molecular analysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114735. [PMID: 34411566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled overgrowth of cells, such as in cancer, is an unavoidable risk in life that affects nearly every second individual in industrialized countries. However, in part this risk can be controlled through lifestyle adjustments, such as the avoidance of smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and other cancer risk factors. A low vitaminD status is a risk in particular for cancers of colon, prostate, breast and leukocytes. VitaminD3 is produced non-enzymatically, when the cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is exposed to UV-B from sunlight, i.e., all cholesterol synthesizing species, including humans, can make vitaminD3. VitaminD endocrinology started some 550million years ago, when the metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 and the transcription factor vitaminD receptor teamed up for regulating the expression of hundreds of target genes in a multitude of different tissues and cell types. Initially, these genes were focused on the control of energy homeostasis, which later also involved energy-demanding innate and adaptive immunity. Rapidly growing cells of the immune system as well as those of malignant tumors rely on comparable genes and pathways, some of which are modulated by vitaminD. Accordingly, vitaminD has anti-cancer effects both directly via controling the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells as well as indirectly through regulating immune cells that belong to the microenvironment of malignant tumors. This review discusses effects of vitaminD on the epigenome and transcriptome of stromal and tumor cells, inter-individual variations in vitaminD responsiveness and their relation to the prevention and possible therapy of cancer.
Collapse
|
35
|
Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Caligiuri I, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto N, Crea R, Calabrese EJ, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of vitagenes via plant polyphenols and vitamin D: Novel insights for chemoprevention and therapeutic interventions based on organoid technology. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111551. [PMID: 34358533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are chemopreventive through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated proteins and anti-inflammatory pathways. These pathways, encoding cytoprotective vitagenes, include heat shock proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as glutathione redox system to protect against cancer initiation and progression. Phytochemicals exhibit biphasic dose responses on cancer cells, activating at low dose, signaling pathways resulting in upregulation of vitagenes, as in the case of the Nrf2 pathway upregulated by hydroxytyrosol (HT) or curcumin and NAD/NADH-sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol. Here, the importance of vitagenes in redox stress response and autophagy mechanisms, as well as the potential use of dietary antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of multiple types of cancer are discussed. We also discuss the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2, inflammation and cancer, exploiting innovative therapeutic approaches with HT-rich aqueous olive pulp extract (Hidrox®), a natural polyphenolic formulation, as well as the rationale of Vitamin D supplementation. Finally, we describe innovative approaches with organoids technology to study human carcinogenesis in preclinical models from basic cancer research to clinical practice, suggesting patient-derived organoids as an innovative tool to test drug toxicity and drive personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nello Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Suite C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Goswami S, Flores J, Balasubramanian I, Bandyopadhyay S, Joseph I, Bianchi-Smak J, Dhawan P, Mücahit DM, Yu S, Christakos S, Gao N. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and dietary vitamin D reduce inflammation in mice lacking intestinal epithelial cell Rab11a. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8148-8159. [PMID: 34192357 PMCID: PMC9161497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) on intestinal inflammation driven by immune cells, while little information is currently available about its impact on inflammation caused by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) defects. Mice lacking IEC-specific Rab11a a recycling endosome small GTPase resulted in increased epithelial cell production of inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-6 and early onset of enteritis. To determine whether vitamin D supplementation may benefit hosts with epithelial cell-originated mucosal inflammation, we evaluated in vivo effects of injected 1,25(OH)2 D3 or dietary supplement of a high dose of vitamin D on the gut phenotypes of IEC-specific Rab11a knockout mice (Rab11aΔIEC ). 1,25(OH)2 D3 administered at 25 ng, two doses per mouse, by intraperitoneal injection, reduced inflammatory cytokine production in knockout mice compared to vehicle-injected mice. Remarkably, feeding mice with dietary vitamin D supplementation at 20,000 IU/kg spanning fetal and postnatal developmental stages led to improved bodyweights, reduced immune cell infiltration, and decreased inflammatory cytokines. We found that these vitamin D effects were accompanied by decreased NF-κB (p65) in the knockout intestinal epithelia, reduced tissue-resident macrophages, and partial restoration of epithelial morphology. Our study suggests that dietary vitamin D supplementation may prevent and limit intestinal inflammation in hosts with high susceptibility to chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Iyshwarya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sheila Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ivor Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jared Bianchi-Smak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Derya M Mücahit
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Organoids and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112657. [PMID: 34071313 PMCID: PMC8197877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids were first established as a three-dimensional cell culture system from mouse small intestine. Subsequent development has made organoids a key system to study many human physiological and pathological processes that affect a variety of tissues and organs. In particular, organoids are becoming very useful tools to dissect colorectal cancer (CRC) by allowing the circumvention of classical problems and limitations, such as the impossibility of long-term culture of normal intestinal epithelial cells and the lack of good animal models for CRC. In this review, we describe the features and current knowledge of intestinal organoids and how they are largely contributing to our better understanding of intestinal cell biology and CRC genetics. Moreover, recent data show that organoids are appropriate systems for antitumoral drug testing and for the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bu L, Huang F, Li M, Peng Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Peng L, Liu L, Zhao Q. Identification of Vitamin D-related gene signature to predict colorectal cancer prognosis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11430. [PMID: 34035992 PMCID: PMC8126261 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant carcinomas worldwide with poor prognosis, imposing an increasingly heavy burden on patients. Previous experiments and epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D and vitamin D-related genes play a vital role in CRC. Therefore, we aimed to construct a vitamin D-related gene signature to predict prognosis in CRC. The CRC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed as the training set. A total of 173 vitamin D-related genes in the TCGA CRC dataset were screened, and 17 genes associated with CRC prognosis were identified from them. Then, a vitamin D-related gene signature consisting of those 17 genes was established by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Moreover, four external datasets (GSE17536, GSE103479, GSE39582, and GSE17537) were used as testing set to validate the stability of this signature. The high-risk group presented a significantly poorer overall survival than low-risk group in both of training set and testing sets. Besides, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for signature on OS in training set at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.710, 0.708, 0.710 respectively. The AUCs of the ROC curve in GSE17536 for 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.649, 0.654, and 0.694. These results indicated the vitamin D-related gene signature model could effectively predict the survival status of CRC patients. This vitamin D-related gene signature was also correlated with TNM stage in CRC clinical parameters, and the higher risk score from this model was companied with higher clinical stage. Furthermore, the high accuracy of this prognostic signature was validated and confirmed by nomogram model. In conclusion, we have proposed a novel vitamin D-related gene model to predict the prognosis of CRC, which will help provide new therapeutic targets and act as potential prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Bu
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxing Huang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqun Peng
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sittipo P, Kim HK, Han J, Lee MR, Lee YK. Vitamin D 3 suppresses intestinal epithelial stemness via ER stress induction in intestinal organoids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:285. [PMID: 33985576 PMCID: PMC8117327 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D3 is important for normal function of the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 on the differentiation, stemness, and viability of healthy IECs in intestinal organoids. METHODS Intestinal organoids derived from mouse small intestine were treated with vitamin D3, and the effects on intestinal stemness and differentiation were evaluated using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining of the distinct lineage markers. Cell viability was analyzed using viability and apoptosis assays. RESULTS Vitamin D3 enhanced IEC differentiation into the distinct lineages of specialized IECs, including Paneth, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells and absorptive enterocytes. Decreased expression levels of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and the presence of several LGR5-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cells were observed in vitamin D3-treated organoids derived from LGR5-GFP mice. The formation of the crypt-villus structure was also inhibited by vitamin D3, suggesting that vitamin D3 suppresses intestinal cell stemness. Furthermore, the expression levels of unfolded protein response genes, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were upregulated in vitamin D3-treated organoids. Moreover, vitamin D3 promoted apoptotic cell death in intestinal cells, which may be associated with the decrease in intestinal stemness. LGR5 gene expression, ISC number, and apoptotic cell death were partially recovered in the presence of the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), suggesting that intestinal stemness suppression and intestinal apoptosis occurred via ER stress activation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important insights into the effects of vitamin D3 on the induction of IEC differentiation and apoptotic cell death, and inhibition of intestinal stemness accompanied by ER stress augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bilani N, Elson L, Szuchan C, Elimimian E, Saleh M, Nahleh Z. Newly-identified Pathways Relating Vitamin D to Carcinogenesis: A Review. In Vivo 2021; 35:1345-1354. [PMID: 33910812 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological relationship between vitamin D levels and cancer has been thoroughly investigated. Published data from large studies appear to corroborate a significant relationship between higher serum vitamin D concentrations and improved survival. Mechanistic reviews on commonly-studied cancers - including breast cancer, colon cancer and melanoma - focus predominantly on data from older studies. In outlining avenues for future research, we believe there is utility in summarizing novel findings introduced to the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this narrative review, we used MEDLINE, PUBMED and Cochrane databases to identify mechanistic studies published from January 1, 2015 onwards exploring this topic. RESULTS Twenty-five mechanistic studies were included in this review. It was found that vitamin D plays a critical role in both direct (i.e. tumor gene expression, proliferation, invasiveness, sensitivity to chemotherapy etc.) and indirect (i.e. effects on the tumor microenvironment and immunomodulation) tumor suppression mechanisms. CONCLUSION These newly-identified pathways warrant further research, with the hopes that we may understand how and when vitamin D supplementation can be integrated into precision medicine therapeutics for cancers of the breast, colon and skin. Cancer care providers should consider recommendations to screen for vitamin D deficiency in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A.;
| | - Leah Elson
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | - Charles Szuchan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Elimimian
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| | | | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li J, Witonsky D, Sprague E, Alleyne D, Bielski MC, Lawrence KM, Kupfer SS. Genomic and epigenomic active vitamin D responses in human colonic organoids. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:235-248. [PMID: 33900108 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00150.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D, 1α,25(OH)2D3, is a nuclear hormone with roles in colonic homeostasis and carcinogenesis; yet, mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. Human organoids are an ideal system to study genomic and epigenomic host-environment interactions. Here, we use human colonic organoids to measure 1α,25(OH)2D3 responses on genome-wide gene expression and chromatin accessibility over time. Human colonic organoids were cultured and treated in triplicate with 100 nM 1α,25(OH)2D3 or vehicle control for 4 h and 18 h for chromatin accessibility, and 6 h and 24 h for gene expression. ATAC- and RNA-sequencing were performed. Differentially accessible peaks were analyzed using DiffBind and edgeR; differentially expressed genes were analyzed using DESeq2. Motif enrichment was determined using HOMER. At 6 h and 24 h, 2,870 and 2,721 differentially expressed genes, respectively (false discovery rate, FDR < 5%), were identified with overall stronger responses with 1α,25(OH)2D3. Similarly, 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment led to stronger chromatin accessibility especially at 4 h. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) motif was strongly enriched among accessible chromatin peaks with 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment accounting for 30.5% and 11% of target sequences at 4 h and 18 h, respectively (FDR < 1%). A number of genes such as CYP24A1, FGF19, MYC, FOS, and TGFBR2 showed significant transcriptional and chromatin accessibility responses to 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment with accessible chromatin located distant from promoters for some gene regions. Assessment of chromatin accessibility and transcriptional responses to 1α,25(OH)2D3 yielded new observations about vitamin D genome-wide effects in the colon facilitated by application of human colonic organoids. This framework can be applied to study host-environment interactions between individuals and populations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Li
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Witonsky
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily Sprague
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dereck Alleyne
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maggie C Bielski
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristi M Lawrence
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu X, Liu B, Zhang N, Wang Q, Cheng G. Immune Response: A Missed Opportunity Between Vitamin D and Radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646981. [PMID: 33928081 PMCID: PMC8076745 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment in several types of cancer and acts by mediating various forms of cancer cell death, although it is still a large challenge to enhance therapy efficacy. Radiation resistance represents the main cause of cancer progression, therefore, overcoming treatment resistance is now the greatest challenge for clinicians. Increasing evidence indicates that immune response plays a role in reprogramming the radiation-induced tumor microenvironment (TME). Intriguingly, radiation-induced immunosuppression possibly overwhelms the ability of immune system to ablate tumor cells. This induces an immune equilibrium, which, we hypothesize, is an opportunity for radiosensitizers to make actions. Vitamin D has been reported to act in synergistic with RT by potentiating antiproliferative effect induced by therapeutics. Additionally, vitamin D can also regulate the TME and may even lead to immunostimulation by blocking immunosuppression following radiation. Previous reviews have focused on vitamin D metabolism and epidemiological trials, however, the synergistic effect of vitamin D and existing therapies remains unknown. This review summarizes vitamin D mediated radiosensitization, radiation immunity, and vitamin D-regulated TME, which may contribute to more successful vitamin D-adjuvant radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alternative splicing perturbation landscape identifies RNA binding proteins as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:792-806. [PMID: 33996260 PMCID: PMC8099609 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in gene regulation, and AS perturbations are frequently observed in cancer. RNA binding protein (RBP) is one of the molecular determinants of AS, and perturbations in RBP-gene network activity are causally associated with cancer development. Here, we performed a systematic analysis to characterize the perturbations in AS events across 18 cancer types. We showed that AS alterations were prevalent in cancer and involved in cancer-related pathways. Given that the extent of AS perturbation was associated with disease severity, we proposed a computational pipeline to identify RBP regulators. Pan-cancer analysis identified a number of conserved RBP regulators, which play important roles in regulating AS of genes involved in cancer hallmark pathways. Our application analysis revealed that the expression of 68 RBP regulators helped in cancer subtyping. Specifically, we identified four subtypes of kidney cancer with differences in cancer hallmark pathway activities and prognosis. Finally, we identified the small molecules that can potentially target the RBP genes and suggested potential candidates for cancer therapy. In summary, our comprehensive AS perturbation landscape analysis identified RBPs as potential therapeutic targets in cancer and provided novel insights into the regulatory functions of RBPs in cancer.
Collapse
|
44
|
Easty DJ, Farr CJ, Hennessy BT. New Roles for Vitamin D Superagonists: From COVID to Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:644298. [PMID: 33868174 PMCID: PMC8045760 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.644298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a potent steroid hormone that induces widespread changes in gene expression and controls key biological pathways. Here we review pathophysiology of vitamin D with particular reference to COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer. Utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by hypercalcemic effects and attempts to circumvent this problem have used vitamin D superagonists, with increased efficacy and reduced calcemic effect. A further caveat is that vitamin D mediates multiple diverse effects. Some of these (anti-fibrosis) are likely beneficial in patients with COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer, whereas others (reduced immunity), may be beneficial through attenuation of the cytokine storm in patients with advanced COVID-19, but detrimental in pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D superagonists represent an untapped resource for development of effective therapeutic agents. However, to be successful this approach will require agonists with high cell-tissue specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Easty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - Christine J. Farr
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Oncology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pagnini C, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Bruzzese V, Lorenzetti R, Luchetti MM, Martin Martin LS, Pica R, Scolieri P, Scribano ML, Zampaletta C, Chimenti MS, Lagana B. Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052456. [PMID: 33671090 PMCID: PMC7957646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the comprehension of the pathophysiology of bone metabolism and its interconnections with multiple homeostatic processes has been consistently expanded. The branch of osteoimmunology specifically investigating the link between bone and immune system has been developed. Among molecular mediators potentially relevant in this field, vitamin D has been recently pointed out, and abnormalities of the vitamin D axis have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and arthritis. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients affected by IBD and chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus suggesting the intriguing possibility of impacting the disease activity by the administration vitamin D supplements. In the present review, the complex interwoven link between vitamin D signaling, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and the immune system was examined. Potential clinical application exploiting vitamin D pathway in the context of IBD and arthritis is presented and critically discussed. A more detailed comprehension of the vitamin D effects and interactions at molecular level would allow one to achieve a novel therapeutic approach in gastro-rheumatologic inflammatory diseases through the design of specific trials and the optimization of treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Bruzzese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Michele Maria Luchetti
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Roberta Pica
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Palma Scolieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | | | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Lagana
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li S, De La Cruz J, Hutchens S, Mukhopadhyay S, Criss ZK, Aita R, Pellon-Cardenas O, Hur J, Soteropoulos P, Husain S, Dhawan P, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G, Fleet JC, Shroyer NF, Verzi MP, Christakos S. Analysis of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Genomic Action Reveals Calcium-Regulating and Calcium-Independent Effects in Mouse Intestine and Human Enteroids. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 41:e00372-20. [PMID: 33139494 PMCID: PMC7849401 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00372-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin D is critical for the function of the intestine, most studies have focused on the duodenum. We show that transgenic expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) only in the distal intestine of VDR null mice (KO/TG mice) results in the normalization of serum calcium and rescue of rickets. Although it had been suggested that calcium transport in the distal intestine involves a paracellular process, we found that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-activated genes in the proximal intestine associated with active calcium transport (Trpv6, S100g, and Atp2b1) are also induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the distal intestine of KO/TG mice. In addition, Slc30a10, encoding a manganese efflux transporter, was one of the genes most induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in both proximal and distal intestine. Both villus and crypt were found to express Vdr and VDR target genes. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis of human enteroids indicated that the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 observed in mice are conserved in humans. Using Slc30a10-/- mice, a loss of cortical bone and a marked decrease in S100g and Trpv6 in the intestine was observed. Our findings suggest an interrelationship between vitamin D and intestinal Mn efflux and indicate the importance of distal intestinal segments to vitamin D action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jessica De La Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven Hutchens
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary K Criss
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rohit Aita
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Joseph Hur
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Seema Husain
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vivarelli S, Candido S, Caruso G, Falzone L, Libra M. Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids for Drug Repositioning in Cancer Care: A Promising Approach in the Era of Tailored Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123636. [PMID: 33291603 PMCID: PMC7761978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, organoid research is having a growing impact in oncology. Tumor organoids, directly derived from patients’ specimens, can easily be expanded and cryopreserved. For that reason, they are becoming an indispensable ally in clinics for quicker diagnosis and prognosis of malignancies. Patient-derived cancer organoids are used as a platform to predict the efficacy of standard-of-care, as well as novel drugs. Therefore, this approach might be further utilized for validating off-label molecules, in order to widen the cancer care offer. Abstract Malignancies heterogeneity represents a critical issue in cancer care, as it often causes therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized representations of selected tissues within a dish. Lately, organoid technology has been applied to oncology with growing success and Patients Derived Tumor Organoids (PDTOs) constitute a novel available tool which fastens cancer research. PDTOs are in vitro models of cancer, and importantly, they can be used as a platform to validate the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. For that reason, they are currently utilized in clinics as emerging in vitro screening technology to tailor the therapy around the patient, with the final goal of beating cancer resistance and recurrence. In this sense, PDTOs biobanking is widely used and PDTO-libraries are helping the discovery of novel anticancer molecules. Moreover, they represent a good model to screen and validate compounds employed for other pathologies as off-label drugs potentially repurposed for the treatment of tumors. This will open up novel avenues of care thus ameliorating the life expectancy of cancer patients. This review discusses the present advancements in organoids research applied to oncology, with special attention to PDTOs and their translational potential, especially for anti-cancer drug testing, including off-label molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (G.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (G.C.); (M.L.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (G.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-320-147-7937
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (G.C.); (M.L.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wnt and Vitamin D at the Crossroads in Solid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113434. [PMID: 33227961 PMCID: PMC7699248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in most colorectal cancers and less frequently in a variety of other solid neoplasias. Many epidemiological and experimental studies and some clinical trials suggest an anticancer action of vitamin D, mainly against colorectal cancer. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature supporting the interference of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by the active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of this antagonism in colorectal cancer and other cancer types. Additionally, we summarize the available data indicating a reciprocal inhibition of vitamin D action by the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, a complex mutual antagonism between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the vitamin D system seems to be at the root of many solid cancers. Abstract Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is common in many types of solid cancers. Likewise, a large proportion of cancer patients have vitamin D deficiency. In line with these observations, Wnt/β-catenin signaling and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active vitamin D metabolite, usually have opposite effects on cancer cell proliferation and phenotype. In recent years, an increasing number of studies performed in a variety of cancer types have revealed a complex crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and 1,25(OH)2D3. Here we review the mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and, conversely, how the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway may abrogate vitamin D action. The available data suggest that interaction between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the vitamin D system is at the crossroads in solid cancers and may have therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kellermann L, Jensen KB, Bergenheim F, Gubatan J, Chou ND, Moss A, Nielsen OH. Mucosal vitamin D signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102672. [PMID: 32942038 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency to be highly prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and low serum levels correlate with a higher disease activity and a more complicated disease course. The link to IBD pathogenesis has been subject of investigations, primarily due to the distinct immunological functions of vitamin D signaling, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that executes its actions on cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). A leaky gut, i.e. an insufficient intestinal epithelial barrier, is thought to be central for the pathogenesis of IBD, and emerging data support the concept that vitamin D/VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has an important role in controlling barrier integrity. Here we review the latest evidence on how vitamin D promotes the interplay between IECs, the gut microbiome, and immune cells and thereby regulate the intestinal immune response. On the cellular level, vitamin D signaling regulates tight junctional complexes, apoptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased epithelial barrier integrity, and promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides as part of its immunomodulating functions. Further, intestinal VDR expression is inversely correlated with the severity of inflammation in patients with IBD, which might compromise the positive effects of vitamin D signaling in patients with flaring disease. Efforts to reveal the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD will pave the road for the invention of more rational treatment strategies of this debilitating disease in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Kellermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Bergenheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Naomi D Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Boston Medical Center & Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vitamin D Effects on Cell Differentiation and Stemness in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092413. [PMID: 32854355 PMCID: PMC7563562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a pleiotropic hormone that is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the phenotype and physiology of many cell types by controlling the expression of hundreds of genes in a tissue- and cell-specific fashion. Vitamin D deficiency is common among cancer patients and numerous studies have reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes the differentiation of a wide panel of cultured carcinoma cells, frequently associated with a reduction in cell proliferation and survival. A major mechanism of this action is inhibition of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which in turn is largely based on antagonism of the Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and EGF signaling pathways. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 controls the gene expression profile and phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are important players in the tumorigenic process. Moreover, recent data suggest a regulatory role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the biology of normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we revise the current knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis of the regulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 of the differentiation and stemness of human carcinoma cells, CAFs and CSCs. These effects support a homeostatic non-cytotoxic anticancer action of 1,25(OH)2D3 based on reprogramming of the phenotype of several cell types.
Collapse
|