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Volpato LA, Costa JC, Lopes WA, Sasaki JE, Romanzini CLP, Ronque ERV, Romanzini M. Time Reallocations From Sedentary Behavior to Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1084-1091. [PMID: 37704195 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent statistical approaches have allowed consideration of the integrated relationships between sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with different health outcomes. The present paper aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesize evidence about associations between hypothetical reallocations from SB to different PA intensities and cardiovascular risk factors in youth. METHODS A systematic search of 8 databases was performed. Observational studies with a population of children and/or adolescents and based on statistical analysis that investigated the associations between time reallocations from SB to PA and cardiovascular risk factors were included. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Level of evidence (derived from cross-sectional studies) indicated that the reallocation from SB to moderate to vigorous PA was beneficially associated with adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in youth. Reallocation from SB to light PA was not associated with the analyzed outcomes. Associations derived from longitudinal studies were mostly inconclusive. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular risk factors could be improved by increasing moderate to vigorous PA at the expense of time spent in SB in pediatric populations. Prospective studies or studies investigating the effects of reallocating sedentary bouts to PA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Alex Volpato
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendell Arthur Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá-UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jeffer Eidi Sasaki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Catiana Leila Possamai Romanzini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Romanzini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Larsen SC, O'Driscoll R, Horgan G, Mikkelsen MLK, Specht IO, Rohde JF, Turicchi J, Santos I, Encantado J, Duarte C, Ward LC, Palmeira AL, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL. Substituting sedentary time with sleep or physical activity and subsequent weight-loss maintenance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:515-524. [PMID: 36575137 PMCID: PMC10108206 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the associations between the substitution of sedentary time with sleep or physical activity at different intensities and subsequent weight-loss maintenance were examined. METHODS This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior to baseline and had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 before losing weight. Physical activity and sleep were objectively measured during a 14-day period at baseline. Change in body weight was included as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference. Cardiometabolic variables were included as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS Using isotemporal substitution models, no associations were found between activity substitutions and changes in body weight or waist circumference. However, the substitution of sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a decrease in body fat percentage during the first 6 months of the trial (-0.33% per 30 minutes higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [95% CI: -0.60% to -0.07%], p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behavior had little or no influence on subsequent weight-loss maintenance, but during the early stages of a weight-loss maintenance program, substituting sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may prevent a gain in body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marie-Louise K Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ina O Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeanett F Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Cao Y, Zhu L, Chen Z, Zhanquan L, Xie W, Liang M. The effect of different intensity physical activity on cardiovascular metabolic health in obese children and adolescents: An isotemporal substitution model. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1041622. [PMID: 36875026 PMCID: PMC9975553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1041622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study's purpose was to investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity on cardiovascular metabolism in obese children and adolescents based on an isochronous replacement model. Methods: A total of 196 obese children and adolescents (mean age, 13.44 ± 1.71 years) who met the inclusion criteria and attended a summer camp from July 2019 to August 2021 were recruited for this study, and all subjects wore a GT3X + triaxial motion accelerometer uniformly around the waist to record physical activity levels. We collected the subjects' height, weight, and cardiovascular risk factors such as waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting lipids, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose before and after 4 weeks of camp and constructed cardiometabolic risk score (CMR-z). We analyzed the effects of different intensities of physical activity on cardiovascular metabolism in obese children using isotemporal substitution model (ISM). Results: After 4 weeks, cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, waist circumference, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were reduced in adolescents with obesity (p <0.01), and CMR-z was also reduced (p <0.01). ISM analysis revealed that all sedentary behavior (SB) replacement with 10 min of light physical activity (LPA) reduced CMR-z [β = -0.10, 95% CI (-0.20, -0.01)]; 10-min of moderate physical activity (MPA) replacement of SB reduced CMR-z [β = -0.32, 95% CI (-0.63, -0.01)]; 10-min of vigorous physical activity (VPA) replacement of SB reduced CMR-z [β = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.66, -0.12)]. Conclusion: Replacement of SB with 10 min of LPA, MPA, and VPA were all effective in improving cardiovascular risk health, respectively, but MPA or VPA was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Cao
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Chen
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhanquan
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Xie
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manna Liang
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Mata C, Onofre M, Martins J. Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9111726. [PMID: 36360454 PMCID: PMC9688682 DOI: 10.3390/children9111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents’ routines were deeply affected, which negatively impacted their level of PA. Knowing the barriers to PA in adolescence is relevant, because the perception of more barriers is one of the most consistent negative correlates of PA participation. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the barriers perceived by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex, education level, PA level, and BMI. A total of 1369 students (621 boys and 748 girls; mean age: 14.4 years; SD: 1.74) participated in the study. The chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups. Only 3.1% of the adolescents complied with the international guidelines for PA. In general, the barriers with the highest prevalence were the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of time, and taking time away from study. The number of perceived barriers to PA was higher among girls, younger, and inactive participants. Boys selected more the barriers due to COVID-19 than girls, and students with normal weight chose more barriers than those with overweight. This study provides information on adolescents’ PA barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic and draws attention to the negative effects that restrictive measures have had on adolescents’ PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mata
- Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Marcos Onofre
- Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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5
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Redondo-Gutiérrez L, Afonso RC, Molina A, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Ayán C. Associations between Self-Perceived and Desired Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish Children. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091314. [PMID: 36138623 PMCID: PMC9497703 DOI: 10.3390/children9091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Health-related physical fitness (HRPF) has emerged as an important marker of health among children. It is usually defined as a multidimensional construct consisting of cardiorespiratory endurance; muscular strength and endurance; and flexibility. Currently, health policies are aimed at getting children to increase their HRPF levels. Understanding the relationship between the perceived and the desired levels of fitness can be important to avoid the abandoning of physical activity practice. We analyzed the associations between the self-perceived and the desired health-related physical fitness. A modified version of the self-perceived HRPF questionnaire was completed by 330 children (148 girls, mean age: 10.78 ± 0.67 years, and 182 boys, mean age: 10.82 ± 0.61 years). Fitness was measured through tests selected from the Eurofit battery. The questions regarding desired HRPF showed moderate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.671) and good test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.761). In general, children shared a desire to improve their self-perceived HRPF. Those who perceived themselves as already being fit were the ones who showed the strongest desire for achieving higher HRPF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Redondo-Gutiérrez
- Facaultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rocío Carballo Afonso
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Molina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Research Group in Gene—Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institut of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sanchez-Lastra
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur) Sergas-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur) Sergas-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
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6
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Okely AD, Ghersi D, Loughran SP, Cliff DP, Shilton T, Jones RA, Stanley RM, Sherring J, Toms N, Eckermann S, Olds TS, Zhang Z, Parrish AM, Kervin L, Downie S, Salmon J, Bannerman C, Needham T, Marshall E, Kaufman J, Brown L, Wille J, Wood G, Lubans DR, Biddle SJH, Pill S, Hargreaves A, Jonas N, Schranz N, Campbell P, Ingram K, Dean H, Verrender A, Ellis Y, Chong KH, Dumuid D, Katzmarzyk PT, Draper CE, Lewthwaite H, Tremblay MS. A collaborative approach to adopting/adapting guidelines. The Australian 24-hour movement guidelines for children (5-12 years) and young people (13-17 years): An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 34991606 PMCID: PMC8734238 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background In 2018, the Australian Government updated the Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Young People. A requirement of this update was the incorporation of a 24-hour approach to movement, recognising the importance of adequate sleep. The purpose of this paper was to describe how the updated Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Young People (5 to 17 years): an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were developed and the outcomes from this process. Methods The GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach was used to develop the guidelines. A Leadership Group was formed, who identified existing credible guidelines. The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth best met the criteria established by the Leadership Group. These guidelines were evaluated based on the evidence in the GRADE tables, summaries of findings tables and recommendations from the Canadian Guidelines. We conducted updates to each of the Canadian systematic reviews. A Guideline Development Group reviewed, separately and in combination, the evidence for each behaviour. A choice was then made to adopt or adapt the Canadian recommendations for each behaviour or create de novo recommendations. We then conducted an online survey (n=237) along with three focus groups (n=11 in total) and 13 key informant interviews. Stakeholders used these to provide feedback on the draft guidelines. Results Based on the evidence from the Canadian systematic reviews and the updated systematic reviews in Australia, the Guideline Development Group agreed to adopt the Canadian recommendations and, apart from some minor changes to the wording of good practice statements, maintain the wording of the guidelines, preamble, and title of the Canadian Guidelines. The Australian Guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24-hours), integrating physical activity, sedentary behaviour (including limits to screen time), and sleep for children (5-12 years) and young people (13-17 years). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is only the second time the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach has been used to develop movement behaviour guidelines. The judgments of the Australian Guideline Development Group did not differ sufficiently to change the directions and strength of the recommendations and as such, the Canadian Guidelines were adopted with only very minor alterations. This allowed the Australian Guidelines to be developed in a shorter time frame and at a lower cost. We recommend the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach, especially if a credible set of guidelines that was developed using the GRADE approach is available with all supporting materials. Other countries may consider this approach when developing and/or revising national movement guidelines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01236-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Okely
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Davina Ghersi
- Research Policy and Translation, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra, Australia.,National Health & Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah P Loughran
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Trevor Shilton
- National Heart Foundation (WA), 334 Rokeby Road, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Rachel A Jones
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Stanley
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julie Sherring
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Natalie Toms
- Preventive Programs, Commonwealth Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Simon Eckermann
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Timothy S Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Lisa Kervin
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sandra Downie
- Preventive Programs, Commonwealth Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jordy Kaufman
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Layne Brown
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Janecke Wille
- Federation of Ethnic Communities Council of Australia (FECCA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Greg Wood
- Australian Sports Commission, Leederville, Western Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Shane Pill
- The Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (ACHPER), Wayville, Australia and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Natalie Jonas
- Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), SA, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natasha Schranz
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Active Healthy Kids Australia, Adelaide, Australia and National Heart Foundation, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Perry Campbell
- Australian Children's Education & Care Quality Authority (ACECQA), Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Ingram
- NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA), Sydney, Australia
| | - Hayley Dean
- NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA), Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Verrender
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Yvonne Ellis
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hayley Lewthwaite
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Gonze BDB, Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin T, Sperandio EF, Arantes RL, Romiti M, Dourado VZ. Effects of Substituting Sedentary Behavior with Light-Intensity or Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity on Obesity Indices in Adults: A Prospective Short-Term Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13335. [PMID: 34948943 PMCID: PMC8702020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior (SB) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that there may be benefits of replacing SB with light-intensity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity. Substituting SB with LIPA and MVPA might be associated with body composition changes. METHODS We assessed body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat body mass (FBM), and physical activity level, as well as one-year changes, in 780 adults (EPIMOV Study). RESULTS We analyzed into 10-min blocks SB, LIPA, MVPA, and total wear time. After 14 ± 3 months of follow-up, there were 242 completed procedures. We reallocated time spent in SB to LIPA or MVPA and assessed cross-sectional and prospective associations with the outcomes using isotemporal substitution models. In cross-sectional analysis, substituting 10-min blocks of SB with MVPA led to significant decreases of 1.23 kg in body weight, 0.30 kg/m² in BMI, and 0.38% in FBM. 10-min blocks substituting SB with LIPA produced significantly lower body weight (1 kg) and BMI (0.1 kg/m²) values. In longitudinal analysis, reallocating SB to MVPA was only associated with FBM decline (-0.31%). CONCLUSIONS Substituting SB with MVPA is associated with significant improvement in obesity indices in both cross-sectional and follow-up. Replacing SB with LIPA produced a less consistent impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara de Barros Gonze
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil; (B.d.B.G.); (E.F.S.); (V.Z.D.)
| | | | - Evandro Fornias Sperandio
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil; (B.d.B.G.); (E.F.S.); (V.Z.D.)
| | - Rodolfo Leite Arantes
- Angiocorpore Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santos, São Paulo 11065-910, Brazil; (R.L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcello Romiti
- Angiocorpore Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santos, São Paulo 11065-910, Brazil; (R.L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil; (B.d.B.G.); (E.F.S.); (V.Z.D.)
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8
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Zorrilla-Revilla G, Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Mateos A, Rodríguez J, Padez C. Sex-specific differences in somatic investment and strategies of physical activity among Portuguese schoolchildren. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23626. [PMID: 34076323 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) is required for healthy growth, development, and maturation and plays an important role in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Sex-differences in PA levels are well documented, with boys spending more time in PA, especially in moderate-to-vigorous activities. Following the Life History Theory, our aim is to study if PA affects the fat tissues increases during childhood and juvenile phases in both sexes. METHODS Time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA levels were measured in a sample of 415 Portuguese children and juveniles (207 females/208 males; aged 6-11 years), using an accelerometer for 7 days. Skinfolds related with body fat were objectively collected and socioeconomic status factors were reported using a parental questionnaire. RESULTS The outcomes show that girls' and boys' fat variables increased during the end of the childhood and the juvenile phase. However, these variables were differently affected by PA. Girls increased fat variables with the sedentary activity while boys decreased fat variables with moderate-to-vigorous PA. Alike, active boys but not girls reduced the fat increase tendency with age. CONCLUSIONS Although both sexes displayed a general fat increment with age, moderate-to-vigorous PA dampens the increase only in boys. In fact, active girls increased body fat in the same manner as non-active girls. From an evolutionary perspective, it could explain sex-specific somatic strategies related to future reproduction or, with future mating and intrasexual competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Mateos
- National Research Center on Human Evolution, CENIEH, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez
- National Research Center on Human Evolution, CENIEH, Burgos, Spain
| | - Cristina Padez
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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McAlister KL, Zink J, Chu D, Belcher BR, Dunton GF. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Non-School Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Adiposity among Boys and Girls: An Isotemporal Substitution Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4671. [PMID: 33925751 PMCID: PMC8125309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the substitution of non-school time light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time (ST) with adiposity in boys and girls. Boys (n = 65, baseline Mage= 9.93 ± 0.86 years) and girls (n = 77, baseline Mage = 10.17 ± 0.95 years) wore waist-worn accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) at baseline and at a 30-month follow-up, from which non-school time LPA, MVPA, ST, and total device wear were quantified. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height-ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline and follow-up. Body fat percent (BF%) was obtained at follow-up only. Isotemporal substitution models assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of reallocating non-school time activity with BMI, WHR and BF%. In boys, replacing 30 min/day of LPA with MVPA was cross-sectionally (β = -8.26, p < 0.05) associated with a lower BF%. Replacing 30 min/day of ST with MVPA was cross-sectionally (β = -6.02, p < 0.05) associated with a lower BF% in boys. Longitudinally in boys, replacing 30 min of change in LPA with MVPA (β = -7.42, p < 0.10) and replacing 30 min of change in MVPA with ST (β = 5.78, p < 0.10) over 30 months was marginally associated with less BF%. Associations were null in girls (p > 0.05). These results may support targeting activity reallocation during non-school time for the purposes of adiposity improvement in boys. A multi-behavioral approach may be more appropriate for girls, as non-school time activity may not be driving adiposity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. McAlister
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (K.L.M.); (J.Z.); (D.C.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Jennifer Zink
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (K.L.M.); (J.Z.); (D.C.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (K.L.M.); (J.Z.); (D.C.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Britni R. Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (K.L.M.); (J.Z.); (D.C.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (K.L.M.); (J.Z.); (D.C.); (G.F.D.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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10
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Chemtob K, Reid RER, Guimarães RDF, Henderson M, Mathieu ME, Barnett TA, Tremblay A, Van Hulst A. Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines and adiposity in a cohort of at risk youth: A longitudinal analysis. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12730. [PMID: 32997442 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 24-hour movement guidelines provide recommendations for physical activity, screen time and sleep duration for children. OBJECTIVES Describe adherence to the guidelines and their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with adiposity from childhood to adolescence. METHODS Data are from the QUALITY Cohort. Children were followed at 8 to 10 years (childhood; n = 630), 10 to 12 years (early adolescence; n = 564) and 15 to 17 years (adolescence; n = 377). Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were measured by accelerometry and questionnaires. Body mass index z-scores (zBMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and percent body fat were based on clinical measurements. Multiple linear regressions estimated associations. RESULTS In childhood, early adolescence and adolescence, 14%, 6%, and 0% of participants met the 24-hour movement guidelines, respectively. Meeting fewer guideline components was cross-sectionally associated with higher adiposity at each visit. Meeting fewer guideline components in childhood was longitudinally associated with higher adiposity at later visits. For example, those meeting none of the guideline components (vs all) in childhood had a 1.66 SD (95% CI: 0.42, 2.89) higher zBMI in early adolescence. CONCLUSION Few participants met the guidelines. Not meeting the guidelines in childhood is associated with higher adiposity 2 and 7 years later. Interventions are needed to increase adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn Chemtob
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan E R Reid
- Human Kinetics Department, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Roseane de Fátima Guimarães
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andraea Van Hulst
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Aars NA, Beldo S, Jacobsen BK, Horsch A, Morseth B, Emaus N, Furberg AS, Grimsgaard S. Association between objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in body composition in adolescents: the Tromsø study fit futures cohort. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036991. [PMID: 33033016 PMCID: PMC7542926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity may be important in deterring the obesity epidemic. This study aimed to determine whether objectively measured physical activity in first year of upper secondary high school predicted changes in body composition over 2 years of follow-up in a cohort of Norwegian adolescents (n=431). DESIGN A longitudinal study of adolescents (mean age of 16 (SD 0.4) at baseline, 60.3% girls) participating in the Fit Futures studies 1 (2010-2011) and 2 (2012-2013). SETTING All eight upper secondary high schools in two municipalities in Northern Norway. PARTICIPANTS Students participating in both studies and under the age of 18 at baseline and with valid measurement of physical activity at baseline and body composition in both surveys. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Change in objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference and change in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured fat mass index, lean mass index (LMI) and appendicular LMI (aLMI) between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, boys had significantly higher physical activity volume (p=0.01) and spent on average of 6.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 10.6) more minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than girls (p<0.01). In girls, multivariate regression analyses showed that more sedentary time was negatively associated with changes in LMI (p<0.01) and aLMI (p<0.05), whereas more light activity had opposite effects on these measures (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). No significant associations between measures of baseline physical activity and changes in body composition parameters were observed in boys. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of Norwegian adolescents, sedentary and light physical activity was associated with changes in LMI and aLMI in girls, but not boys. Minutes spent in MVPA in first year of upper secondary high school was not associated with changes in measures of body composition in neither sex after 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Abel Aars
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
- Nordlandssykehuset HF, Bodø, Norway
| | - Sigurd Beldo
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Finnmark, Norway
| | - Bjarne Koster Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
| | - Alexander Horsch
- Department of Computer Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
| | - Bente Morseth
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Finnmark, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Siences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
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12
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Sun Y, Yin X, Li Y, Bi C, Li M, Yang X, Zhang T, Zhang F, Cao J, Guo Y, Yang T, Song G. Isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior for physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21367. [PMID: 32791744 PMCID: PMC7386960 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and independent of each other. Due to the limited time during school for children and adolescents, it is necessary to explore the isotemporal substitution of SB for PA on CRF.A total 536 eligible participants selected from the 7 traditional administrative regions of China were included in this study. The outcome was CRF, determined using a 20-meter shuttle run test, and exposures were SB, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured with accelerometers. We analyzed the cross-sectional associations of substituting SB with LPA, MVPA, and combinations of LPA and MVPA with CRF, using an isotemporal substitution model.Reallocating SB into MVPA was associated with higher CRF for male (P < .01) and female (P < .01) children and female adolescents (P < .05). In the mixed redistribution, the ratio of LPA to MVPA for male children and female adolescents started from 16:4 and 14:6, respectively, tended toward improvements in CRF. For female children, regardless of the ratio of LPA to MVPA, it was always associated with higher CRF.Reallocating SB into MVPA isotemporally was positively associated with CRF for male and female children and female adolescents but not for male adolescents. MVPA is the key factor to improve CRF when combinations of LPA and MVPA replace SB. The combined approach can provide basis for the selection of target and monitoring variables in intervention studies, and has more flexible choices for improving CRF that are more consistent with the daily PA habits of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Cunjian Bi
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Ming Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Junfang Cao
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Yaru Guo
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
| | - Ge Song
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University
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13
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Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Position Paper of the Global Federation of International Societies of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (FISPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 70:702-710. [PMID: 32205768 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Global childhood obesity increased more than 8-fold over 40 years, inducing a very large personal, societal, and economic burden. Effects of available treatments are less than satisfactory; therefore, effective prevention is of high priority. In this narrative review, we explore preventive opportunities. The available evidence indicates large benefits of improving nutrition and lifestyle during early life, such as promoting breast-feeding and improving the quality of infant and early childhood feeding. Promoting healthy eating patterns and limiting sugar-containing beverage consumption from early childhood onwards are of great benefit. Regular physical activity and limited sedentary lifestyle and screen time alone have limited effects but are valuable elements in effective multicomponent strategies. The home environment is important, particularly for young children, and can be improved by educating and empowering families. School- and community-based interventions can be effective, such as installing water fountains, improving cafeteria menus, and facilitating regular physical activity. Reducing obesogenic risk factors through societal standards is essential for effective prevention and limiting socioeconomic disparity; these may comprise food, drink, and physical activity standards for day cares and schools, general food quality standards, front-of-pack food labeling, taxation of unhealthy foods, restriction of food advertisements to children, and others. Effective prevention of childhood obesity is not achieved by single interventions but by integrated multicomponent approaches involving multiple stakeholders that address children, families, and societal standards. Pediatricians and their organizations should be proactive in supporting and empowering families to support their children's health, and in promoting societal measures that protect children.
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14
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Marques A, Bordado J, Tesler R, Demetriou Y, Sturm DJ, de Matos MG. A composite measure of healthy lifestyle: A study from 38 countries and regions from Europe and North America, from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23419. [PMID: 32277794 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to create a composite measure of a healthy lifestyle for adolescents, and analyze its relationship to sociodemographic factors. METHODS Data were from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2014 International survey. Participants were 167 021 adolescents (48.2% boys and 51.8 girls), aged 10-16 years, from 38 countries. RESULTS Five healthy behaviors used in this study included engaging in ≥60 minutes of physical activity every day, daily consumption of fruit and vegetables, spending <2 hours daily immersed in screen-based behaviors, and abstinence from alcohol as well as from tobacco products. Only 1.9% (95% CI: 1.4%, 2.3%) of adolescents had a healthy lifestyle, achieving all five healthy behaviors. In contrast, 4.2% (95% CI: 3.7%, 4.6%) reported none of the healthy behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Despite the benefits of engaging in physical activity, engaging in low levels of screen-based activity, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and abstaining from alcohol and cigarettes, only 2% of adolescents could be classified as having a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Bordado
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David J Sturm
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Association between Reallocation Behaviors and Subjective Health and Stress in South Korean Adults: An Isotemporal Substitution Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072488. [PMID: 32260548 PMCID: PMC7178139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study used an isotemporal substitution (IS) model to determine the potential reallocation effects of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) on subjective health and stress in South Koreans with data from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. The analysis included 791 participants whose accelerometer-measured PA was available, divided into three age groups (young adults = 151; mid-age adults = 334; older adults = 306). We adopted SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) to determine how time was allocated to each activity level, then examined the effects of reallocation on subjective health and stress across age groups. The analyses were performed in three steps: single-activity, partition, and IS model. An additional ANCOVA was conducted on statistically significant outcomes (i.e., subjective health of young and older adults). We found that among young adults, reallocating 30 min/week of SB to LPA and to MVPA was linked to high levels of subjective health. In older adults, reallocating 30 min/week of SB and LPA to MVPA was associated with high subjective health. However, this relationship was not observed in mid-age adults. None of the age groups showed a relationship between any activity reallocation and stress. Our findings provide the first insight on the development of interventions aimed at promoting active, healthier lifestyles on the basis of behavior reallocation in South Koreans.
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16
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Jones MA, Skidmore PM, Stoner L, Harrex H, Saeedi P, Black K, Barone Gibbs B. Associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary time, sedentary bouts, and physical activity with adiposity and fitness in children. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:114-120. [PMID: 31665975 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1685842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary time (ST) has been inconsistently associated with adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children in previous studies. We studied cross-sectional associations of ST, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with fat mass index (FMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated VO2max). Associations were evaluated with and without considering pattern of ST by bout length. We measured ST and activity by a wrist-worn accelerometer, FMI by bioelectrical impedance, and VO2max by Pacer test in 443 children (51.2% girls, 10.2 ± 0.6 years). Isotemporal substitution regression models estimated the effects of substituting ST, LPA, and MVPA on FMI and VO2max. Further models repeated analyses separating ST into short (<10 min) and long (≥10 min) bouts. Only replacing ST or LPA with MVPA was consistently associated with lower FMI and greater VO2max. When separated by bout length, only one unique association was found where replacing long ST bouts with short ST bouts was associated with lower FMI in girls only. In conclusion, activity pattern is associated with adiposity in girls and fitness in boys and girls. Separating ST into long and short ST bouts may be of minimal importance when assessing associations with adiposity and fitness using wrist-worn accelerometry in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Jones
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula Ml Skidmore
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harriet Harrex
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Pouya Saeedi
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Policy and Programmes Department, International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katherine Black
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Bernhardsen GP, Stensrud T, Nystad W, Dalene KE, Kolle E, Ekelund U. Early life risk factors for childhood obesity-Does physical activity modify the associations? The MoBa cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1636-1646. [PMID: 31220367 PMCID: PMC6852336 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), high birth weight, and rapid infant weight gain are associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. We examined whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) in 9- to 12-year-olds modified the associations between these early life risk factors and subsequent body composition and BMI. METHODS We used data from a sub-cohort of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including 445 children with available data on accelerometer assessed physical activity (PA). All participants had data on BMI, 186 of them provided data on body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). We used multiple regression analyses to examine the modifying effect of PA by including interaction terms. RESULTS Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and infant weight gain were more strongly related to childhood body composition in boys than in girls. Higher VPA attenuated the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and BMI in boys (low VPA: B = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.41; high VPA B = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.31). Birth weight was unrelated to childhood body composition, and there was no effect modification by PA. PA attenuated the associations between infant weight gain and childhood fat mass (low MVPA: B = 2.32, 95% CI = 0.48, 4.17; high MVPA: B = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.10, 1.90) and percent fat (low MVPA: B = 3.35, 95% CI = 0.56, 6.14; high MVPA: B = 1.41, 95% CI = -0.06, 2.87) in boys, but not girls. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that MVPA and VPA may attenuate the increased risk of an unfavorable body composition and BMI due to high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and rapid infant weight gain in boys, but not in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Hansen BH, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Hildebrand M, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Kriemler S, Page AS, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Wedderkopp N, Ekelund U. Cross-Sectional Associations of Reallocating Time Between Sedentary and Active Behaviours on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young People: An International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Analysis. Sports Med 2019; 48:2401-2412. [PMID: 29626333 PMCID: PMC6132434 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sedentary time and time spent in various intensity-specific physical activity are co-dependent, and increasing time spent in one behaviour requires decreased time in another. Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the theoretical associations with reallocating time between categories of intensities and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large and heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents. Methods We analysed pooled data from 13 studies comprising 18,200 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Waist-mounted accelerometers measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), triglycerides, insulin, and glucose. Associations of reallocating time between the various intensity categories with cardiometabolic risk factors were explored using isotemporal substitution modelling. Results Replacing 10 min of sedentary time with 10 min of MVPA showed favourable associations with WC, SBP, LDL-C, insulin, triglycerides, and glucose; the greatest magnitude was observed for insulin (reduction of 2–4%), WC (reduction of 0.5–1%), and triglycerides (1–2%). In addition, replacing 10 min of sedentary time with an equal amount of LPA showed beneficial associations with WC, although only in adolescents. Conclusions Replacing sedentary time and/or LPA with MVPA in children and adolescents is favourably associated with most markers of cardiometabolic risk. Efforts aimed at replacing sedentary time with active behaviours, particularly those of at least moderate intensity, appear to be an effective strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norwegian University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Maria Hildebrand
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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SANTOS DIANAA, MAGALHÃES JOÃOP, JÚDICE PEDROB, CORREIA INÊSR, MINDERICO CLÁUDIAS, EKELUND ULF, SARDINHA LUÍSB. Fitness Mediates Activity and Sedentary Patterns Associations with Adiposity in Youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:323-329. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Grgic J, Dumuid D, Bengoechea EG, Shrestha N, Bauman A, Olds T, Pedisic Z. Health outcomes associated with reallocations of time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity: a systematic scoping review of isotemporal substitution studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:69. [PMID: 30001713 PMCID: PMC6043964 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During a 24-h day, each given period is spent in either sedentary behaviour, sleeping, light physical activity (LPA), or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In epidemiological research most studies have traditionally analysed the associations of these behaviours in isolation from each other; that is, without taking into account the displacement of time spent in the remaining behaviours. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring how all the behaviours across the energy expenditure spectrum influence health outcomes. A statistical model used to investigate these associations is termed an isotemporal substitution model (ISM). Considering the increasing number of ISM-based studies conducted in all age groups, the present paper aimed to: (i) review and summarise findings from studies that employed ISM in sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity research; (ii) appraise the methodological quality of the studies; and (iii) suggest future research directions in this area. Methods A systematic search of ten databases was performed. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, all being of moderate or high methodological quality. Associations were reported for exchanged time varying from one minute to 120 min/day across the studies, with 30 min/day being the most common amount of time reallocated. In total, three different ISM methodologies were used. The most commonly studied health outcomes in relation to isotemporal substitutions were mortality, general health, mental health, adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. It seems that reallocations of sedentary time to LPA or MVPA are associated with significant reduction in mortality risk. Current evidence appears to consistently suggest that reductions in mortality risk are greater when time spent sedentary is replaced with higher intensities of physical activity. For adiposity, it seems that reallocating sedentary time to physical activity may be associated with reduced body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference in all age groups, with the magnitude of associations being greater for higher intensities of physical activity. While there is a relatively large body of evidence reporting beneficial associations between the reallocation of time from sedentary behaviour to LPA or MVPA and cardiometabolic biomarkers among adults, there is a lack of studies among children, adolescents, and older adults. Although some studies investigated general health, mental health, and fitness outcomes, further investigation of these topics is warranted. In general, it seems that the strongest association with health outcomes is observed when time is reallocated from sedentary behaviour to MVPA. Most studies did not account for sleep time, which is a major limitation of the current evidence. Conclusions The current evidence indicates that time reallocation between sleep, sedentary behaviour, LPA, and MVPA may be associated with a number of health outcomes. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs, take into account all movement behaviours, and examine a wider range of health, psychological, social, economic, and environmental outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0691-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Enrique Garcia Bengoechea
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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The Feasibility of a Novel School Peer-Led Mentoring Model to Improve the Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Time of Adolescent Girls: The Girls Peer Activity (G-PACT) Project. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5060067. [PMID: 29857554 PMCID: PMC6028908 DOI: 10.3390/children5060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous physical and psychological health benefits. Adolescents, specifically girls, are at risk of physical inactivity. To date, there is limited research on PA interventions involving peers, which could encourage more adolescent girls to engage in PA. The investigation aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel school three-tier peer-led mentoring model designed to improve PA levels and reduce sedentary time (ST) of adolescent girls. Two-hundred and forty-nine Year 9 adolescent girls (13⁻15 years old) from three UK secondary schools were invited to participate in a peer-led mentoring intervention (Girls Peer Activity (G-PACT) project). The peer-led mentoring model was delivered in all three schools. Two of the schools received an additional after-school PA component. PA and ST were assessed through wrist-worn accelerometry. Girls who received an exercise class after-school component significantly increased their whole day moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (3.2 min, p = 0.009, d = 0.33). Girls who received no after-school component significantly decreased their MVPA (3.5 min, p = 0.016, d = 0.36) and increased their ST (17.2 min, p = 0.006, d = 0.43). The G-PACT intervention demonstrated feasibility of recruitment and data collection procedures for adolescent girls. The peer-led mentoring model shows promise for impacting girls' MVPA levels when combined with an after-school club PA opportunity.
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Lee EY, Hesketh KD, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Rhodes RE, Rinaldi CM, Spence JC, Carson V. Meeting new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and associations with adiposity among toddlers living in Edmonton, Canada. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:840. [PMID: 29219096 PMCID: PMC5773869 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canada has recently released guidelines that include toddler-specific recommendations for physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviour, and sleep. This study examined the proportions of toddlers meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0-4 years) and associations with body mass index (BMI) z-scores in a sample from Edmonton, Canada. METHODS Participants included 151 toddlers (aged 19.0 ± 1.9 months) for whom there was complete objectively measured physical activity data from the Parents' Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits (PREPS) project. Toddlers' physical activity was measured using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT monitors. Toddlers' screen time and sleep were measured using the PREPS questionnaire. Toddlers' height and weight were objectively measured by public health nurses and BMI z-scores were calculated using World Health Organization growth standards. Meeting the overall 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was defined as: ≥180 min/day of total physical activity, including ≥1 min/day of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity; no screen time per day (for those aged 12-23 months) or ≤1 h/day of screen time per day (ages 24-35 months); and 11-14 h of sleep per 24-h period. Frequency analyses and linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS Only 11.9% of toddlers met the overall 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, but this finding was largely driven by screen time. The majority of toddlers met the individual physical activity (99.3%) and sleep (82.1%) recommendations, while only 15.2% of toddlers met the screen time recommendation. No associations were observed between meeting specific and general combinations of recommendations within the guidelines and BMI z-scores. CONCLUSIONS Most toddlers in this sample were meeting physical activity and sleep recommendations but were engaging in more screen time than recommended. Consequently, only a small proportion of toddlers met the overall guidelines. Based on the findings of this study, identifying modifiable correlates of screen time to inform appropriate strategies to reduce screen time appears key for increasing the proportion of toddlers meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years. Future research should examine the associations between meeting the new guidelines and other health indicators. Furthermore, future high-quality studies examining dose-response relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators are needed to inform guideline updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 Street Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Kylie D. Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 Street Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 Street Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Christina M. Rinaldi
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5 Canada
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 Street Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 Street Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
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del Pozo-Cruz B, Gant N, del Pozo-Cruz J, Maddison R. Relationships between sleep duration, physical activity and body mass index in young New Zealanders: An isotemporal substitution analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184472. [PMID: 28898295 PMCID: PMC5595318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence regarding the unique effect of sedentary behaviour on obesity among children is unclear. Moreover, the effect of substituting sedentary behaviour with physical activity of different intensities on the body composition of children has received limited empirical study. OBJECTIVE To examine the mathematical effects on Body Mass Index (BMI) of substituting sedentary behaviours with physical activities of different intensities on children and youth aged 5-14 years old in New Zealand. METHODS Secondary analysis of accelerometer data from the National Survey of Children and Young People's Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviours in New Zealand (2008/09) was conducted. A total of 1812 children and youth aged 5-24 years provided accelerometer-derived data on daily sedentary time (SB), light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Sleep time was assessed with a validated computerised use-of-time tool. BMI was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the independent associations of SB, Sleep time, LPA, and MVPA on BMI. The isotemporal substitution approach was used to ascertain the mathematical effect of substituting each of the other behaviours on BMI. Analyses were stratified by age groups. RESULTS SB showed a unique (inverse) association with BMI across all age groups (p<0.05) but 20-24 years (p>0.05). Similarly, MVPA was positively associated (p<0.001) across all age groups. Among age groups 5-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-19 years, the estimated impact of replacing 60 min/day of SB with the same amount of MVPA time resulted in decreased BMI for all age groups (p<0.001), ranging from -1.26 (5-9 years) to -1.43 units (15-19 years). Similar results were achieved when SB was replaced with LPA or sleeping time for children (5-19 years). In young people (age group 20-24), the impact of replacing 30 min/day of SB with MVPA resulted in an estimated -1 BMI units decrease (p<0.001). CONCLUSION MVPA and SB have a unique effect on BMI. Further, substituting SB with LPA or MVPA was associated with a favourable effect on BMI across all age groups; with MVPA having the strongest association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). TAMAKI BUILDING 731 -, Level 3, Tamaki Campus Gate 1,St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). TAMAKI BUILDING 731 -, Level 3, Tamaki Campus Gate 1,St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jesús del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville (Seville, Spain), Pirotecnia s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Ralph Maddison
- School of Exercise and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Deakin University (Geelong, Australia), Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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García-Hermoso A, Saavedra JM, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ekelund U, Del Pozo-Cruz B. Reallocating sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity but not to light-intensity physical activity is effective to reduce adiposity among youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1088-1095. [PMID: 28524399 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to summarize the evidence of the effects of reallocating time spent in sedentary behaviours in different activity intensities on youth's adiposity. Five databases were searched. Studies that reported the effects of replacing sedentary behaviour with light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and/or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on at least one adiposity parameter. The estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were combined and meta-analysed. Data from 7,351 youths and five studies were analysed. Pooled analysis from cross-sectional studies shows that replacing sedentary time with LIPA showed no significant associations with any adiposity-related outcomes. Replacing sedentary time with MVPA was statistically associated with total body fat percentage (β = -2.512; p = 0.003), but not with body mass index or waist circumference. In subgroup analysis, the greatest magnitude of association was observed from studies where 60 min of sedentary behaviour was reallocated to 60 min of MVPA (β = -4.535; p < 0.001). Our results highlight the importance of promoting MVPA, which may improve body composition phenotypes in young people. This information can be used to develop more effective lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Saavedra
- Physical Activity, Physical Education, Sport and Health Research Centre, Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dalene KE, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Steene‐Johannessen J, Ekelund U, Hansen BH, Kolle E. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity, body mass index and waist circumference in children and adolescents. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:249-257. [PMID: 29071101 PMCID: PMC5649738 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between physical activity (PA) of different intensities, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in children and adolescents using isotemporal substitution modelling. Methods Physical activity (accelerometry), BMI and WC were assessed in 6‐ (n = 970), 9‐ (n = 2,423) and 15‐year‐olds (n = 1,544) in 2005/2006 and 2011/2012. Participants aged 9 years in 2005/2006 were followed prospectively to 2011/12 (age 15). Associations between PA of different intensities (light, moderate and vigorous), BMI and WC were examined using isotemporal substitution models. Results Substituting 10 min per day of sedentary time with light PA was associated with higher WC (0.17 to 0.29 cm, p ≤ 0.003)) in all age groups. Substituting 10 min per day of sedentary time with moderate PA was associated with lower WC in 6‐ and 9‐year‐olds (−0.32 to −0.47 cm, p ≤ 0.013)). Substituting 10 min per day of sedentary time with vigorous PA was associated with lower WC in 9‐ and 15‐year‐olds (−1.08 to −1.79 cm, p ≤ 0.015)). Associations were similar with BMI as the outcome. In prospective analyses, substituting sedentary time with light, moderate or vigorous PA at age 9 was not associated with BMI or WC at age 15. Conclusion Substituting sedentary time with moderate PA appears favourably associated with adiposity in children, whereas vigorous PA may be required in adolescents. Cross‐sectional associations were not replicated in prospective analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Dalene
- Department of Sports MedicineThe Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - S. A. Anderssen
- Department of Sports MedicineThe Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - L. B. Andersen
- Department of Sports MedicineThe Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
- Department of teacher Education and Sport|Sogn and Fjordane University CollegeSogndalNorway
| | | | - U. Ekelund
- Department of Sports MedicineThe Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - B. H. Hansen
- Department of Sports MedicineThe Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - E. Kolle
- Department of Sports MedicineThe Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
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Meleleo D, Bartolomeo N, Cassano L, Nitti A, Susca G, Mastrototaro G, Armenise U, Zito A, Devito F, Scicchitano P, Ciccone MM. Evaluation of body composition with bioimpedence. A comparison between athletic and non-athletic children. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:710-719. [PMID: 28319679 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1291750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) or Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can provide direct evaluations of body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate lean and fat mass (FM), and hydration of children involved in daily competitive sports. METHODS 190 non-athletic [8.2-10.5 years] and 29 competitive children [8.0-10.5 years] were enrolled. They were evaluated: at baseline (t0), 6 months (t1) and one year (t2). Anthropometric, BIA and BIVA, lean and FM, and hydration evaluations were performed. RESULTS Resistance (R/h) and reactance (Xc/h) were lower at t0 in competitive individuals when compared to controls. Xc/h (+3.28) significantly increases in competitive when compared to non-competitive individuals (+0.66, p for difference: 0.011), while phase angle (PA) was lower at t0 (5.72 vs. 6.17, p < .001) and after 6 months (p = .001). Total body water adjusted for height (TBW/h) significantly increased only in non-athletes (+0.50 ± 0.13, p < .001) between t0 and t1. At t1, extracellular water (ECW) significantly decreased (p = .026) in the two groups: -0.45 ± 0.19% in non-competitive, -1.63 ± 0.49% in competitive subjects, while intracellular water (ICW) increased. At one-year follow-up (t2), there were no statistically significant differences in R/h, Xc/h and PA in competitive individuals when compared to baseline and t1. Furthermore, we observed at t2 that hours/week of training, age, male gender and body mass index can influence FFM/h and FM/h in both competitive and non-competitive subjects. In particular, a direct correlation was for hours/week and FFM/h, inverse for hours/week and FM/h. CONCLUSIONS Body mass index does not allow evaluating differences in lean body mass and FM between athletes and non-athletes. BIA and BIVA can give more reliable details about body composition differences in competitive adolescents and non-competitive, outlining a progressive decline in ECW and increase in ICW without affecting TBW composition of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Meleleo
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Nicola Bartolomeo
- c Hygiene Section, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Liliana Cassano
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Alessandro Nitti
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Giovanna Susca
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mastrototaro
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Umberto Armenise
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Annapaola Zito
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
| | - Fiorella Devito
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
| | - Pietro Scicchitano
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
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Júdice PB, Silva AM, Berria J, Petroski EL, Ekelund U, Sardinha LB. Sedentary patterns, physical activity and health-related physical fitness in youth: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:25. [PMID: 28259140 PMCID: PMC5336686 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Strong evidence indicates that moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is positively associated with fitness in youth, independent of total sedentary-time. Sedentary-time appears negatively associated with fitness only when it replaces MVPA. However, whether different sedentary-patterns affect health-related fitness is unknown. Methods The associations between MVPA and sedentary-patterns with physical fitness were examined in 2698 youths (1262 boys) aged 13.4 ± 2.28 years. Sedentary-time (counts · minute−1 < 100) and PA were objectively measured by accelerometry. Each break (≥100 counts · min−1 < 2295) in sedentary-time and the frequency of daily bouts in non-prolonged (<30 min) and prolonged (≥30 min) sedentary-time were determined. The FITNESSGRAM® test battery was used to assess fitness. A standardized fitness composite-score (z-score) was calculated by summing the individual z-scores of the five tests adjusted to age and sex. Results Positive associations between MVPA and fitness were observed in both boys (β = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.005; 0.021) and girls (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.006; 0.022), independent of sedentary-patterns. Modest associations were found for the breaks in sedentary-time with fitness (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.009; 0.042), independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA in boys. In girls, non-prolonged sedentary bouts were positively associated with fitness (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.003; 0.024), independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA. Conclusions These results reinforce that, independent of the time and patterns of sedentary behavior, MVPA is consistently associated with fitness in youth. Modest and inconsistent associations were found for sedentary behaviors. Breaking-up sedentary-time in boys and non-prolonged sedentary bouts in girls were positively associated with fitness, independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA. In order to enhance youth’s fitness, public health recommendations should primarily target MVPA, still, suggestion to reduce and break-up sedentary-time may also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisbon, 1499-002, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisbon, 1499-002, Portugal
| | - Juliane Berria
- Graduate in Physical Education Program, Kinanthropometry Center and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edio L Petroski
- Graduate in Physical Education Program, Kinanthropometry Center and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisbon, 1499-002, Portugal.
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