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Ivanina A, Leneva I, Falynskova I, Glubokova E, Kartashova N, Pankova N, Korovkin S, Svitich O. The Topical Novel Formulations of Interferon α-2в Effectively Inhibit HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model and HSV-2 Genital Herpes in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:989. [PMID: 38932280 PMCID: PMC11209562 DOI: 10.3390/v16060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are widespread human pathogens that establish chronic latent infections leading to recurrent episodes. Current treatments are limited, necessitating the development of novel antiviral strategies. This study aimed to assess the antiviral efficacy of novel topical formulations containing interferon alpha-2b (IFN α-2b) against HSV-1 and HSV-2. The formulations, Oftalmoferon® forte (eye drops) and Interferon Vaginal Tablets, demonstrated potent antiviral effects against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Vero cells, respectively, with concentration-dependent inhibition of viral replication. Subsequently, their efficacy was tested in animal models: HSV-1 keratitis in the rabbit eye model and HSV-2 genital herpes in mice. Oftalmoferon® forte effectively treated HSV-1 keratitis, reducing clinical symptoms and ulcerations compared to virus control. Interferon Vaginal Tablets showed promising results in controlling HSV-2 genital herpes in mice, improving survival rates, reducing clinical signs, weight loss and viral replication. The novel IFN α-2b formulations exhibited significant antiviral activity against HSV infections in cell culture and animal models. These findings suggest the potential of these formulations as alternative treatments for HSV infections, particularly in cases resistant to current therapies. Further studies are warranted to optimize treatment regimens and assess clinical efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ivanina
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (I.F.); (E.G.); (N.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Irina Leneva
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (I.F.); (E.G.); (N.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Irina Falynskova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (I.F.); (E.G.); (N.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Glubokova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (I.F.); (E.G.); (N.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Kartashova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (I.F.); (E.G.); (N.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Nadezda Pankova
- OOO Firn M, Biotech Company, 108804 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sergei Korovkin
- OOO Firn M, Biotech Company, 108804 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Oxana Svitich
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (I.F.); (E.G.); (N.K.); (O.S.)
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Constantinesco NJ, Srikanth S, De Vito L, Moras C, Ramasubramanian V, Chinnappan B, Hartwick S, Schwab KE, Wu Y, Gopal R. STAT1 regulates neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin induction in influenza-induced myocarditis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11124. [PMID: 38750107 PMCID: PMC11096373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a significant public health and economic threat around the world. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a close association between influenza pandemics and cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, it has been shown that there is a decrease in cardiovascular mortality in high-risk patients following vaccination with the influenza vaccine. Here, we have investigated the role of anti-viral STAT1 signaling in influenza-induced myocarditis. Wild-type mice (C57BL/6) were infected with either influenza A/PR/8/34 or control, and cellular response and gene expression analysis from the heart samples were assessed 7 days later. The expression of interferon response genes STAT1, STAT2, Mx1, OASL2, ISG15, chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CXCL9 and CXCL10, and the frequency of neutrophils (CD45+CD11b+Ly6G+) and CD4+ T cells (CD45+CD4+) were all significantly increased in influenza-infected mice when compared to vehicle controls. These data suggest that influenza infection induces interferons, inflammatory chemokines, and cellular recruitment during influenza infection. We further investigated the role of STAT1 in influenza-induced myocarditis. The frequency of neutrophils and the levels of lipocalin 2 were significantly increased in STAT1-/- mice when compared to WT controls. Finally, we investigated the role of Lcn2 in viral-induced myocarditis. We found that in the absence of Lcn2, there was preserved cardiac function in Lcn2-/- mice when compared to WT controls. These data suggest that the absence of Lcn2 is cardioprotective during viral-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Constantinesco
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sashwath Srikanth
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis De Vito
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Crystal Moras
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vennila Ramasubramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Baskaran Chinnappan
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean Hartwick
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristina E Schwab
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Radha Gopal
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Liu T, Liu S, Rui X, Cao Y, Hecker J, Guo F, Zhang Y, Gong L, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Krishnamoorthyni N, Bates S, Chun S, Boyer N, Xu S, Park JA, Perrella MA, Levy BD, Weiss ST, Mou H, Raby BA, Zhou X. Gasdermin B, an asthma-susceptibility gene, promotes MAVS-TBK1 signalling and airway inflammation. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301232. [PMID: 38514093 PMCID: PMC11063620 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01232-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Respiratory virus-induced inflammation is the leading cause of asthma exacerbation, frequently accompanied by induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). How asthma-susceptibility genes modulate cellular response upon viral infection by fine-tuning ISG induction and subsequent airway inflammation in genetically susceptible asthma patients remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To decipher the functions of gasdermin B (encoded by GSDMB) in respiratory virus-induced lung inflammation. METHODS In two independent cohorts, we analysed expression correlation between GSDMB and ISG s. In human bronchial epithelial cell line or primary bronchial epithelial cells, we generated GSDMB-overexpressing and GSDMB-deficient cells. A series of quantitative PCR, ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the function and mechanism of GSDMB for ISG induction. We also generated a novel transgenic mouse line with inducible expression of human unique GSDMB gene in airway epithelial cells and infected the mice with respiratory syncytial virus to determine the role of GSDMB in respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation in vivo. RESULTS GSDMB is one of the most significant asthma-susceptibility genes at 17q21 and acts as a novel RNA sensor, promoting mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS)-TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signalling and subsequent inflammation. In airway epithelium, GSDMB is induced by respiratory viral infections. Expression of GSDMB and ISGs significantly correlated in respiratory epithelium from two independent asthma cohorts. Notably, inducible expression of human GSDMB in mouse airway epithelium led to enhanced ISGs induction and increased airway inflammation with mucus hypersecretion upon respiratory syncytial virus infection. CONCLUSIONS GSDMB promotes ISGs expression and airway inflammation upon respiratory virus infection, thereby conferring asthma risk in risk allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Xianliang Rui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ye Cao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Hecker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Gong
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yihan Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuzhen Yu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthyni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Bates
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Boyer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuang Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors jointly conceptualised and supervised this work
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors jointly conceptualised and supervised this work
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Pei S, Wei Y, Li Z, Zhong H, Dong J, Yi Z, Hou R, Kong W, Xiao J, Xu Z, Feng H. GSTP1 is a negative regulator of MAVS in the antiviral signaling against SVCV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109426. [PMID: 38316349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), the most ubiquitous member of the GST superfamily, plays vital roles in the detoxification, antioxidant defense, and modulation of inflammatory responses. However, limited studies have been conducted on the function of GSTP1 in antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we have cloned the homolog of GSTP1 in triploid hybrid crucian carp (3nGSTP1) and investigated its regulatory role in the interferon signaling pathway. The open reading frame of 3nGSTP1 is composed of 627 nucleotides, encoding 209 amino acids. In response to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection, the mRNA level of 3nGSTP1 was up-regulated in the liver, kidney, and caudal fin cell lines (3 nF C) of triploid fish. The knockdown of 3nGSTP1 in 3 nF C improved host cell's antiviral capacity and attenuated SVCV replication. Additionally, overexpression of 3nGSTP1 inhibited the activation of IFN promoters induced by SVCV infection, poly (I:C) stimulation, or the RLR signaling factors. The co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that 3nGSTP1 interacts with 3nMAVS. In addition, 3nGSTP1 dose-dependently inhibited 3nMAVS-mediated antiviral activity and reduced 3nMAVS protein level. Mechanistically, 3nGSTP1 promoted ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of MAVS by promoting its K48-linked polyubiquitination. To conclude, our results indicate that GSTP1 acts as a novel inhibitor of MAVS, which negatively regulates the IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewen Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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5
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Noh HE, Rha MS. Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract. Pathogens 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392851 PMCID: PMC10892713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as respiratory viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in the protection against invading respiratory pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of mucosal immunity in the airways is critical for the development of novel therapeutics and next-generation vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge of mucosal immune responses in the airways has expanded. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge regarding the key components of the mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract. In addition, we summarize the host immune responses in the upper and lower airways following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and discuss the impact of allergic airway inflammation on mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wang X, Zhang AM. Functional features of a novel interferon-stimulated gene SHFL: a comprehensive review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1323231. [PMID: 38149274 PMCID: PMC10750386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Various interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), expressed via Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway-stimulated IFNs to increase antiviral effects or regulate immune response, perform different roles in virus-infected cells. In recent years, a novel ISG, SHFL, which is located in the genomic region 19p13.2 and comprises two isoforms, has been studied as a virus-inhibiting agent. Studies have shown that SHFL suppressive effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). SHFL interacts with various viral and host molecules to inhibit viral life circle and activities, such as replication, translation, and ribosomal frameshifting, or regulates host pathways to degrade viral proteins. In this review, we summarized the functional features of SHFL to provide insights to underlying mechanisms of the antiviral effects of SHFL and explored its potential function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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7
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Zedan A, Winters AD, Yu W, Wang S, Ren Y, Takeshita A, Gong Q. Antiviral Functions of Type I and Type III Interferons in the Olfactory Epithelium. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1762. [PMID: 38136633 PMCID: PMC10741941 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) is one of the few neuronal tissues where environmental pathogens can gain direct access. Despite this vulnerable arrangement, little is known about the protective mechanisms in the OE to prevent viral infection and its antiviral responses. We systematically investigated acute responses in the olfactory mucosa upon exposure to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) via RNA-seq. VSVs were nasally inoculated into C57BL/6 mice. Olfactory mucosae were dissected for gene expression analysis at different time points after viral inoculation. Interferon functions were determined by comparing the viral load in interferon receptor knockout (Ifnar1-/- and Ifnlr1-/-) with wildtype OE. Antiviral responses were observed as early as 24 h after viral exposure in the olfactory mucosa. The rapidly upregulated transcripts observed included specific type I as well as type III interferons (Ifn) and interferon-stimulated genes. Genetic analyses demonstrated that both type I and type III IFN signaling are required for the suppression of viral replication in the olfactory mucosa. Exogenous IFN application effectively blocks viral replication in the OE. These findings reveal that the OE possesses an innate ability to suppress viral infection. Type I and type III IFNs have prominent roles in OE antiviral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zedan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.Z.); (A.D.W.); (A.T.)
| | - Ashley D. Winters
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.Z.); (A.D.W.); (A.T.)
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Shuangyan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Ashley Takeshita
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.Z.); (A.D.W.); (A.T.)
| | - Qizhi Gong
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.Z.); (A.D.W.); (A.T.)
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8
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Antos D, Alcorn JF. IFNλ: balancing the light and dark side in pulmonary infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0285022. [PMID: 37278532 PMCID: PMC10470512 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02850-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) represents a well-known component of antiviral immunity that has been studied extensively for its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential when antiviral treatment options are limited. Specifically in the respiratory tract, IFNs are induced directly on viral recognition to limit the spread and transmission of the virus. Recent focus has been on the IFNλ family, which has become an exciting focus in recent years for its potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities against viruses infecting barrier sites, including the respiratory tract. However, insights into the interplay between IFNλs and other pulmonary infections are more limited and suggest a more complex role, potentially detrimental, than what was seen during viral infections. Here, we review the role of IFNλs in pulmonary infections, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and multi-pathogen super-infections, and how this may impact future work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Antos
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Pan L, Xue Y, Wang K, Zheng X, Islam A, Tapryal N, Chakraborty A, Bacsi A, Ba X, Hazra TK, Boldogh I. Nei-like DNA glycosylase 2 selectively antagonizes interferon-β expression upon respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105028. [PMID: 37423306 PMCID: PMC10403741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the antiviral response, cells activate the expressions of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory mediators to control viral spreading. Viral infections can impact DNA integrity; however, how DNA damage repair coordinates antiviral response remains elusive. Here we report Nei-like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), a transcription-coupled DNA repair protein, actively recognizes the oxidative DNA substrates induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection to set the threshold of IFN-β expression. Our results show that NEIL2 antagonizes nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) acting on the IFN-β promoter early after infection, thus limiting gene expression amplified by type I IFNs. Mice lacking Neil2 are far more susceptible to RSV-induced illness with an exuberant expression of proinflammatory genes and tissue damage, and the administration of NEIL2 protein into the airway corrected these defects. These results suggest a safeguarding function of NEIL2 in controlling IFN-β levels against RSV infection. Due to the short- and long-term side effects of type I IFNs applied in antiviral therapy, NEIL2 may provide an alternative not only for ensuring genome fidelity but also for controlling immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Azharul Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nisha Tapryal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tapas K Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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10
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Wang C, Du Z, Li R, Luo Y, Zhu C, Ding N, Lei A. Interferons as negative regulators of ILC2s in allergic lung inflammation and respiratory viral infections. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:947-959. [PMID: 37414870 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), characterized by a lack of antigen receptors, have been regarded as an important component of type 2 pulmonary immunity. Analogous to Th2 cells, ILC2s are capable of releasing type 2 cytokines and amphiregulin, thus playing an essential role in a variety of diseases, such as allergic diseases and virus-induced respiratory diseases. Interferons (IFNs), an important family of cytokines with potent antiviral effects, can be triggered by microbial products, microbial exposure, and pathogen infections. Interestingly, the past few years have witnessed encouraging progress in revealing the important role of IFNs and IFN-producing cells in modulating ILC2 responses in allergic lung inflammation and respiratory viral infections. This review underscores recent progress in understanding the role of IFNs and IFN-producing cells in shaping ILC2 responses and discusses disease phenotypes, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in the context of allergic lung inflammation and infections with viruses, including influenza virus, rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Du
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ranhui Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cuiming Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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11
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Wang K, Gong M, Zhao S, Lai C, Zhao L, Cheng S, Xia M, Li Y, Wang K, Sun H, Zhu P, Zhou Y, Ao Q, Deng X. A novel lncRNA DFRV plays a dual function in influenza A virus infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171423. [PMID: 37303776 PMCID: PMC10248499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with a variety of biological activities, including immune responses. However, the function of lncRNAs in antiviral innate immune responses are not fully understood. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA, termed dual function regulating influenza virus (DFRV), elevating in a dose- and time-dependent manner during influenza A virus (IAV) infection, which was dependent on the NFκB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, DFRV was spliced into two transcripts post IAV infection, in which DFRV long suppress the viral replication while DFRV short plays the opposite role. Moreover, DFRV regulates IL-1β and TNF-α via activating several pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, including NFκB, STAT3, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and p38. Besides, DFRV short can inhibit DFRV long expression in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our studies reveal that DFRV may act as a potential dual-regulator to preserve innate immune homeostasis in IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meiliang Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sumin Zhao
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Cheng
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Plank Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuru Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heqiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangguo Ao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Sorrentino L, Toscanelli W, Fracella M, De Angelis M, Frasca F, Scagnolari C, Petrarca L, Nenna R, Midulla F, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Pierangeli A. NRF2 Antioxidant Response and Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus- and Rhinovirus-Infected Hospitalized Children. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040577. [PMID: 37111463 PMCID: PMC10144743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) are frequent causes of the hospitalization of children; nonetheless, RSV is responsible for the most severe and life-threatening illnesses. Viral infection triggers an inflammatory response, activating interferon (IFN)-mediated responses, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) expression with antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. In parallel, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), whose antioxidant activity can reduce inflammation by interacting with the NF-kB pathway and the IFN response. To clarify how the interplay of IFN and NRF2 may impact on clinical severity, we enrolled children hospitalized for bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and measured gene expression of type-I and III IFNs, of several ISGs, of NRF2 and antioxidant-related genes, i.e., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [Quinone] 1 (NQO1) in RSV- (RSV-A N = 33 and RSV-B N = 30) and HRV (N = 22)-positive respiratory samples. NRF2 and HO1 expression is significantly elevated in children with HRV infection compared to RSV (p = 0.012 and p = 0.007, respectively), whereas ISG15 and ISG56 expression is higher in RSV-infected children (p = 0.016 and p = 0.049, respectively). Children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) had reduced NRF2 expression (p = 0.002). These data suggest, for the first time, that lower activation of the NRF2 antioxidant response in RSV-infected infants may contribute to bronchiolitis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Toscanelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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13
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Ghorbani A, Ngunjiri JM, Edward C Abundo M, Pantin-Jackwood M, Kenney SP, Lee CW. Development of in ovo-compatible NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza vaccines by modulation of hemagglutinin cleavage and polymerase acidic X frameshifting sites. Vaccine 2023; 41:1848-1858. [PMID: 36669965 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging avian influenza viruses pose a high risk to poultry production, necessitating the need for more broadly protective vaccines. Live attenuated influenza vaccines offer excellent protective efficacies but their use in poultry farms is discouraged due to safety concerns related to emergence of reassortant viruses. Vaccination of chicken embryos inside eggs (in ovo) induces early immunity in young chicks while reduces the safety concerns related to the use of live vaccines on farms. However, in ovo vaccination using influenza viruses severely affects the egg hatchability. We previously engineered a high interferon-inducing live attenuated influenza vaccine candidate with an enhanced protective efficacy in chickens. Here, we asked whether we could further modify this high interferon-inducing vaccine candidate to develop an in ovo-compatible live attenuated influenza vaccine. We first showed that the enhanced interferon responses induced by the vaccine is not enough to attenuate the virus in ovo. To reduce the pathogenicity of the virus for chicken embryos, we replaced the hemagglutinin cleavage site of the H7 vaccine virus (PENPKTR/GL) with that of the H6-subtype viruses (PQIETR/GL) and disrupted the ribosomal frameshifting site responsible for viral polymerase acidic X protein expression. In ovo vaccination of chickens with up to 105 median egg infectious dose of the modified vaccine had minimal effects on hatchability while protecting the chickens against a heterologous challenge virus at two weeks of age. This study demonstrates that targeted genetic mutations can be applied to further attenuate and enhance the safety of live attenuated influenza vaccines to develop future in ovo vaccines for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghorbani
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - John M Ngunjiri
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Michael Edward C Abundo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Mary Pantin-Jackwood
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
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14
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Role of Innate Interferon Responses at the Ocular Surface in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030437. [PMID: 36986359 PMCID: PMC10058014 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful pathogen that primarily infects epithelial cells of the orofacial mucosa. After initial lytic replication, HSV-1 enters sensory neurons and undergoes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs throughout the host’s life and is more common in people with a compromised immune system. HSV-1 causes various diseases depending on the site of lytic HSV-1 replication. These include herpes labialis, herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), meningitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSK is an immunopathological condition and is usually the consequence of HSV-1 reactivation, anterograde transport to the corneal surface, lytic replication in the epithelial cells, and activation of the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses in the cornea. HSV-1 is recognized by cell surface, endosomal, and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates innate immune responses that include interferons (IFNs), chemokine and cytokine production, as well as the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of replication. In the cornea, HSV-1 replication promotes type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) IFN production. This review summarizes our current understanding of HSV-1 recognition by PRRs and innate IFN-mediated antiviral immunity during HSV-1 infection of the cornea. We also discuss the immunopathogenesis of HSK, current HSK therapeutics and challenges, proposed experimental approaches, and benefits of promoting local IFN-λ responses.
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15
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Martinez RJ, Breed ER, Worota Y, Ashby KM, Vobořil M, Mathes T, Salgado OC, O’Connor CH, Kotenko SV, Hogquist KA. Type III interferon drives thymic B cell activation and regulatory T cell generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220120120. [PMID: 36802427 PMCID: PMC9992806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220120120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of thymic B cells is critical for their licensing as antigen presenting cells and resulting ability to mediate T cell central tolerance. The processes leading to licensing are still not fully understood. By comparing thymic B cells to activated Peyer's patch B cells at steady state, we found that thymic B cell activation starts during the neonatal period and is characterized by TCR/CD40-dependent activation, followed by immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) without forming germinal centers. Transcriptional analysis also demonstrated a strong interferon signature, which was not apparent in the periphery. Thymic B cell activation and CSR were primarily dependent on type III IFN signaling, and loss of type III IFN receptor in thymic B cells resulted in reduced thymocyte regulatory T cell (Treg) development. Finally, from TCR deep sequencing, we estimate that licensed B cells induce development of a substantial fraction of the Treg cell repertoire. Together, these findings reveal the importance of steady-state type III IFN in generating licensed thymic B cells that induce T cell tolerance to activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Elise R. Breed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Yosan Worota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Katherine M. Ashby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Matouš Vobořil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Tailor Mathes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Oscar C. Salgado
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Christine H. O’Connor
- Research Informatics Solutions, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Group, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Kristin A. Hogquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
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16
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Han K, Ji L, Wang C, Shao Y, Chen C, Liu L, Feng M, Yang F, Wu X, Li X, Xie Q, He L, Shi Y, He G, Dong Z, Yu T. The host genetics affects gut microbiome diversity in Chinese depressed patients. Front Genet 2023; 13:976814. [PMID: 36699448 PMCID: PMC9868868 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.976814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome and host genetics are both associated with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the molecular mechanisms among the associations are poorly understood, especially in the Asian, Chinese group. Our study applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) and genome-wide association analysis in the cohort with both gut sequencing data and genomics data. We reported the different gut microbiota characteristics between MDD and control groups in the Chinese group and further constructed the association between host genetics and the gut microbiome. Actinobacteria and Pseudomonades were found more in the MDD group. We found significant differences in the ACE and Chao indexes of alpha diversity while no discrepancy in beta diversity. We found three associations between host genetics with microbiome features: beta diversity and rs6108 (p = 8.65 × 10-9), Actinobacteria and rs77379751 (p = 8.56 × 10-9), and PWY-5913 and rs1775633082 (p = 4.54 × 10-8). A species of the Romboutsia genus was co-associated with the species of Ruminococcus gnavus in an internetwork through four genes: METTL8, ITGB2, OTULIN, and PROSER3, with a strict threshold (p < 5 × 10-4). Furthermore, our findings suggested that the gut microbiome diversity might affect microRNA expression in the brain and influenced SERPINA5 and other spatially close genes afterward. These findings suggest new linkages between depression and gut microbiome in Asian, Chinese people, which might be mediated by genes and microRNA regulation in space distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Han
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenliu Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Asbios (Tianjin) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Liangjie Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mofan Feng
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Out-patient Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Guang He, ; Zaiquan Dong, ; Tao Yu,
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Guang He, ; Zaiquan Dong, ; Tao Yu,
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Center for Women and Children’s Health, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Guang He, ; Zaiquan Dong, ; Tao Yu,
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17
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Lai JY, Ho JX, Kow ASF, Liang G, Tham CL, Ho YC, Lee MT. Interferon therapy and its association with depressive disorders - A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1048592. [PMID: 36911685 PMCID: PMC9992192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1048592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are important in controlling the innate immune response to viral infections. Besides that, studies have found that IFNs also have antimicrobial, antiproliferative/antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. IFNs are divided into Type I, II and III. Type I IFNs, in particular IFN-α, is an approved treatment for hepatitis C. However, patients developed neuropsychological disorders during treatment. IFN-α induces proinflammatory cytokines, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), oxidative and nitrative stress that intensifies the body's inflammatory response in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. The severity of the immune response is related to behavioral changes in both animal models and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important for synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. However, excess ROS will generate highly reactive free radicals which may lead to neuronal damage and neurodegeneration. The limbic system regulates memory and emotional response, damage of neurons in this region is correlated with mood disorders. Due to the drawbacks of the treatment, often patients will not complete the treatment sessions, and this affects their recovery process. However, with proper management, this could be avoided. This review briefly describes the different types of IFNs and its pharmacological and clinical usages and a focus on IFN-α and its implications on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yung Lai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jian Xiang Ho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Gengfan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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ILCs-Crucial Players in Enteric Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214200. [PMID: 36430676 PMCID: PMC9695539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of the last decade has remarkably increased our understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs, in analogy to T helper (Th) cells and their cytokine and transcription factor profile, are categorized into three distinct populations: ILC1s express the transcription factor T-bet and secrete IFNγ, ILC2s depend on the expression of GATA-3 and release IL-5 and IL-13, and ILC3s express RORγt and secrete IL-17 and IL-22. Noteworthy, ILCs maintain a level of plasticity, depending on exposed cytokines and environmental stimuli. Furthermore, ILCs are tissue resident cells primarily localized at common entry points for pathogens such as the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). They have the unique capacity to initiate rapid responses against pathogens, provoked by changes of the cytokine profile of the respective tissue. Moreover, they regulate tissue inflammation and homeostasis. In case of intracellular pathogens entering the mucosal tissue, ILC1s respond by secreting cytokines (e.g., IFNγ) to limit the pathogen spread. Upon infection with helminths, intestinal epithelial cells produce alarmins (e.g., IL-25) and activate ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which induces differentiation of intestinal stem cells into tuft and goblet cells, important for parasite expulsion. Additionally, during bacterial infection ILC3-derived IL-22 is required for bacterial clearance by regulating antimicrobial gene expression in epithelial cells. Thus, ILCs can limit infectious diseases via secretion of inflammatory mediators and interaction with other cell types. In this review, we will address the role of ILCs during enteric infectious diseases.
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19
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MacDonald K, Botelho F, Ashkar AA, Richards CD. Type I Interferon Signaling is Required for Oncostatin-M Driven Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Lung. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:568-579. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Botelho
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carl D. Richards
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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An anti-influenza combined therapy assessed by single cell RNA-sequencing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1075. [PMID: 36216966 PMCID: PMC9549038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza makes millions of people ill every year, placing a large burden on the healthcare system and the economy. To develop a treatment against influenza, we combined virucidal sialylated cyclodextrins with interferon lambda and demonstrated, in human airway epithelia, that the two compounds inhibit the replication of a clinical H1N1 strain more efficiently when administered together rather than alone. We investigated the mechanism of action of the combined treatment by single cell RNA-sequencing analysis and found that both the single and combined treatments impair viral replication to different extents across distinct epithelial cell types. We showed that each cell type comprises multiple sub-types, whose proportions are altered by H1N1 infection, and assessed the ability of the treatments to restore them. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study investigating the effectiveness of an antiviral therapy against influenza virus by single cell transcriptomic studies. When combined with interferon lambda, virucidal sialylated cyclodextrins inhibit the replication of a clinical H1N1 influenza strain in ex vivo human airway epithelia more efficiently than when delivered alone.
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21
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Xiong F, Wang Q, Wu GH, Liu WZ, Wang B, Chen YJ. Direct and indirect effects of IFN-α2b in malignancy treatment: not only an archer but also an arrow. Biomark Res 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 36104718 PMCID: PMC9472737 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) is a highly active cytokine that belongs to the interferon-α (IFN-α) family. IFN-α2b has beneficial antiviral, antitumour, antiparasitic and immunomodulatory activities. Direct and indirect antiproliferative effects of IFN-α2b have been found to occur via multiple pathways, mainly the JAK-STAT pathway, in certain cancers. This article reviews mechanistic studies and clinical trials on IFN-α2b. Potential regulators of the function of IFN-α2b were also reviewed, which could be utilized to relieve the poor response to IFN-α2b. IFN-α2b can function not only by enhancing the systematic immune response but also by directly killing tumour cells. Different parts of JAK-STAT pathway activated by IFN-α2b, such as interferon alpha and beta receptors (IFNARs), Janus kinases (JAKs) and IFN‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), might serve as potential target for enhancing the pharmacological action of IFN-α2b. Despite some issues that remain to be solved, based on current evidence, IFN-α2b can inhibit disease progression and improve the survival of patients with certain types of malignant tumours. More efforts should be made to address potential adverse effects and complications.
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22
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Li Q, Tan F, Wang Y, Liu X, Kong X, Meng J, Yang L, Cen S. The gamble between oncolytic virus therapy and IFN. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971674. [PMID: 36090998 PMCID: PMC9453641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies are being conducted on oncolytic virotherapy which one of the mechanisms is mediating interferon (IFN) production by it exerts antitumor effects. The antiviral effect of IFN itself has a negative impact on the inhibition of oncolytic virus or tumor eradication. Therefore, it is very critical to understand the mechanism of IFN regulation by oncolytic viruses, and to define its mechanism is of great significance for improving the antitumor effect of oncolytic viruses. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of IFNs by various oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies. In addition, the exerting and the producing pathways of IFNs are briefly summarized, and some current issues are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxian Tan
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Long Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
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23
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Alphonse N, Dickenson RE, Alrehaili A, Odendall C. Functions of IFNλs in Anti-Bacterial Immunity at Mucosal Barriers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857639. [PMID: 35663961 PMCID: PMC9159784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs), or IFNλs, are cytokines produced in response to microbial ligands. They signal through the IFNλ receptor complex (IFNLR), which is located on epithelial cells and select immune cells at barrier sites. As well as being induced during bacterial or viral infection, type III IFNs are produced in response to the microbiota in the lung and intestinal epithelium where they cultivate a resting antiviral state. While the multiple anti-viral activities of IFNλs have been extensively studied, their roles in immunity against bacteria are only recently emerging. Type III IFNs increase epithelial barrier integrity and protect from infection in the intestine but were shown to increase susceptibility to bacterial superinfections in the respiratory tract. Therefore, the effects of IFNλ can be beneficial or detrimental to the host during bacterial infections, depending on timing and biological contexts. This duality will affect the potential benefits of IFNλs as therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IFNλ induction and signaling, as well as their roles at different barrier sites in the context of anti-bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Alphonse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abrar Alrehaili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Kumova OK, Galani IE, Rao A, Johnson H, Triantafyllia V, Matt SM, Pascasio J, Gaskill PJ, Andreakos E, Katsikis PD, Carey AJ. Severity of neonatal influenza infection is driven by type I interferon and oxidative stress. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1309-1320. [PMID: 36352099 PMCID: PMC9724789 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonates exhibit increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, attributed to inflammation at the developing pulmonary air-blood interface. IFN I are antiviral cytokines critical to control viral replication, but also promote inflammation. Previously, we established a neonatal murine influenza virus (IV) model, which demonstrates increased mortality. Here, we sought to determine the role of IFN I in this increased mortality. We found that three-day-old IFNAR-deficient mice are highly protected from IV-induced mortality. In addition, exposure to IFNβ 24 h post IV infection accelerated death in WT neonatal animals but did not impact adult mortality. In contrast, IFN IIIs are protective to neonatal mice. IFNβ induced an oxidative stress imbalance specifically in primary neonatal IV-infected pulmonary type II epithelial cells (TIIEC), not in adult TIIECs. Moreover, neonates did not have an infection-induced increase in antioxidants, including a key antioxidant, superoxide dismutase 3, as compared to adults. Importantly, antioxidant treatment rescued IV-infected neonatal mice, but had no impact on adult morbidity. We propose that IFN I exacerbate an oxidative stress imbalance in the neonate because of IFN I-induced pulmonary TIIEC ROS production coupled with developmentally regulated, defective antioxidant production in response to IV infection. This age-specific imbalance contributes to mortality after respiratory infections in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogan K. Kumova
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ioanna-Evdokia Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephanie M. Matt
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judy Pascasio
- Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter J. Gaskill
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Effect of cannabidiol on apoptosis and cellular interferon and interferon-stimulated gene responses to the SARS-CoV-2 genes ORF8, ORF10 and M protein. Life Sci 2022; 301:120624. [PMID: 35568225 PMCID: PMC9091075 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study effects on cellular innate immune responses to ORF8, ORF10, and Membrane protein (M protein) from the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19, in combination with cannabidiol (CBD). MAIN METHODS HEK293 cells transfected with plasmids expressing control vector, ORF8, ORF10, or M protein were assayed for cell number and markers of apoptosis at 24 h, and interferon and interferon-stimulated gene expression at 14 h, with or without CBD. Cells transfected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly (I:C)) were also studied as a general model of RNA-type viral infection. KEY FINDINGS Reduced cell number and increased early and late apoptosis were found when expression of viral genes was combined with 1-2 μM CBD treatment, but not in control-transfected cells treated with CBD, or in cells expressing viral genes but treated only with vehicle. In cells expressing viral genes, CBD augmented expression of IFNγ, IFNλ1 and IFNλ2/3, as well as the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) family members OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL. CBD also augmented expression of these genes in control cells not expressing viral genes, but without enhancing apoptosis. CBD similarly enhanced the cellular anti-viral response to Poly (I:C). SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate a poor ability of HEK293 cells to respond to SARS-CoV-2 genes alone, but an augmented innate anti-viral response to these genes in the presence of CBD. Thus, CBD may prime components of the innate immune system, increasing readiness to respond to RNA-type viral infection without activating apoptosis, and could be studied for potential in prophylaxis.
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26
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Sacco K, Castagnoli R, Vakkilainen S, Liu C, Delmonte OM, Oguz C, Kaplan IM, Alehashemi S, Burbelo PD, Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Dobbs K, Rosen LB, Cheng A, Shaw E, Vakkilainen MS, Pala F, Lack J, Zhang Y, Fink DL, Oikonomou V, Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Chen J, Sellers BA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Barron K, Rey-Jurado E, Vial C, Poli MC, Licari A, Montagna D, Marseglia GL, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Discepolo V, Lo Vecchio A, Guarino A, Eisenstein EM, Imberti L, Sottini A, Biondi A, Mató S, Gerstbacher D, Truong M, Stack MA, Magliocco M, Bosticardo M, Kawai T, Danielson JJ, Hulett T, Askenazi M, Hu S, Cohen JI, Su HC, Kuhns DB, Lionakis MS, Snyder TM, Holland SM, Goldbach-Mansky R, Tsang JS, Notarangelo LD. Immunopathological signatures in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and pediatric COVID-19. Nat Med 2022; 28:1050-1062. [PMID: 35177862 PMCID: PMC9119950 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (pCOVID-19) is rarely severe; however, a minority of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with substantial morbidity. In this longitudinal multi-institutional study, we applied multi-omics (analysis of soluble biomarkers, proteomics, single-cell gene expression and immune repertoire analysis) to profile children with COVID-19 (n = 110) and MIS-C (n = 76), along with pediatric healthy controls (pHCs; n = 76). pCOVID-19 was characterized by robust type I interferon (IFN) responses, whereas prominent type II IFN-dependent and NF-κB-dependent signatures, matrisome activation and increased levels of circulating spike protein were detected in MIS-C, with no correlation with SARS-CoV-2 PCR status around the time of admission. Transient expansion of TRBV11-2 T cell clonotypes in MIS-C was associated with signatures of inflammation and T cell activation. The association of MIS-C with the combination of HLA A*02, B*35 and C*04 alleles suggests genetic susceptibility. MIS-C B cells showed higher mutation load than pCOVID-19 and pHC. These results identify distinct immunopathological signatures in pCOVID-19 and MIS-C that might help better define the pathophysiology of these disorders and guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Sacco
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cihan Oguz
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Sara Alehashemi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriana A de Jesus
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aristine Cheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elana Shaw
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle L Fink
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian A Sellers
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina A Montealegre Sanchez
- Intramural Clinical Management and Operation Branch (ICMOB), Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karyl Barron
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de niños Dr. Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Montagna
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eli M Eisenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory (AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- CREA Laboratory (AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Sayonara Mató
- Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dana Gerstbacher
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Stanford Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Truong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Stack
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Magliocco
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Danielson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Hulett
- CDI Laboratories, Antygen Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Shaohui Hu
- CDI Laboratories, Antygen Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Amimo JO, Raev SA, Chepngeno J, Mainga AO, Guo Y, Saif L, Vlasova AN. Rotavirus Interactions With Host Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:793841. [PMID: 35003114 PMCID: PMC8727603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the foremost enteric pathogen associated with severe diarrheal illness in young children (<5years) and animals worldwide. RV primarily infects mature enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium causing villus atrophy, enhanced epithelial cell turnover and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) being the first physical barrier against RV infection employs a range of innate immune strategies to counteract RVs invasion, including mucus production, toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine/chemokine production. Conversely, RVs have evolved numerous mechanisms to escape/subvert host immunity, seizing translation machinery of the host for effective replication and transmission. RV cell entry process involve penetration through the outer mucus layer, interaction with cell surface molecules and intestinal microbiota before reaching the IECs. For successful cell attachment and entry, RVs use sialic acid, histo-blood group antigens, heat shock cognate protein 70 and cell-surface integrins as attachment factors and/or (co)-receptors. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge of mechanisms underlying RV-IECs interactions, including the role of gut microbiota, during RV infection is presented. Understanding these mechanisms is imperative for developing efficacious strategies to control RV infections, including development of antiviral therapies and vaccines that target specific immune system antagonists within IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Oluoch Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sergei Alekseevich Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Alfred Omwando Mainga
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Wang Y, Jiang S, Jiang X, Sun X, Guan X, Han Y, Zhong L, Song H, Xu Y. Cloning and codon optimization of a novel feline interferon omega gene for production by Pichia pastoris and its antiviral efficacy in polyethylene glycol-modified form. Virulence 2022; 13:297-309. [PMID: 35068319 PMCID: PMC8788361 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2029330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline viral diseases, such as feline panleukopenia, feline infectious peritonitis, and feline coronaviral enteritis, seriously endanger the health of cats, and restrict the development of pet industry. Meanwhile, there is a current lack of effective vaccines to protect against feline viral diseases. Thus, effective therapeutic agents are highly desirable. Interferons (IFNs) are important mediators of the antiviral host defense in animals, particularly type I IFNs. In this study, a novel feline IFN omega (feIFN-ω) gene was extracted from the cat stimulated with feline parvovirus (FPV) combined with poly(I:C), and following codon optimization encoding the feIFN-ω, the desired gene (feIFN-ω’) fragment was inserted into plasmid pPICZαA, and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115, generating a recombinant P. pastoris GS115 strain expressing the feIFN-ω’. After induction, we found that the expression level of the feIFN-ω’ was two times more than that of feIFN-ω (p < 0.01). Subsequently, the feIFN-ω’ was purified and modified with polyethylene glycol, and its antiviral efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and FPV as model virus. Our results clearly demonstrated that the feIFN-ω’ had significant antiviral activities on both homologous and heterologous animal cells in vitro. Importantly, the feIFN-ω’ can effectively promote the expression of antiviral proteins IFIT3, ISG15, Mx1, and ISG56, and further enhance host defense to eliminate FPV infection in vivo, suggesting a potential candidate for the development of therapeutic agent against feline viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Guan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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29
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Descamps D, Peres de Oliveira A, Gonnin L, Madrières S, Fix J, Drajac C, Marquant Q, Bouguyon E, Pietralunga V, Iha H, Morais Ventura A, Tangy F, Vidalain PO, Eléouët JF, Galloux M. Depletion of TAX1BP1 Amplifies Innate Immune Responses during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:e0091221. [PMID: 34431698 PMCID: PMC8549506 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00912-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory infections in young children and also has a major impact on the elderly and immunocompromised people. In the absence of a vaccine or efficient treatment, a better understanding of RSV interactions with the host antiviral response during infection is needed. Previous studies revealed that cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs), where viral replication and transcription occur, could play a major role in the control of innate immunity during infection by recruiting cellular proteins involved in the host antiviral response. We recently showed that the morphogenesis of IBs relies on a liquid-liquid-phase separation mechanism depending on the interaction between viral nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P). These scaffold proteins are expected to play a central role in the recruitment of cellular proteins to IBs. Here, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using RSV N protein as bait and identified the cellular protein TAX1BP1 as a potential partner of this viral protein. This interaction was validated by pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays. We showed that TAX1BP1 suppression has only a limited impact on RSV infection in cell cultures. However, RSV replication is decreased in TAX1BP1-deficient (TAX1BP1 knockout [TAX1BP1KO]) mice, whereas the production of inflammatory and antiviral cytokines is enhanced. In vitro infection of wild-type or TAX1BP1KO alveolar macrophages confirmed that the innate immune response to RSV infection is enhanced in the absence of TAX1BP1. Altogether, our results suggest that RSV could hijack TAX1BP1 to restrain the host immune response during infection. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, remains a medical problem in the absence of a vaccine or efficient treatment. This virus is also recognized as a main pathogen in the elderly and immunocompromised people, and the occurrence of coinfections (with other respiratory viruses and bacteria) amplifies the risks of developing respiratory distress. In this context, a better understanding of the pathogenesis associated with viral respiratory infections, which depends on both viral replication and the host immune response, is needed. The present study reveals that the cellular protein TAX1BP1, which interacts with the RSV nucleoprotein N, participates in the control of the innate immune response during RSV infection, suggesting that the N-TAX1BP1 interaction represents a new target for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Peres de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorène Gonnin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah Madrières
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jenna Fix
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Carole Drajac
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Quentin Marquant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Bouguyon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University Idaiga-oka, Hasama Yufu, Japan
| | - Armando Morais Ventura
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, Paris, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marie Galloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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30
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Charman M, McFarlane S, Wojtus JK, Sloan E, Dewar R, Leeming G, Al-Saadi M, Hunter L, Carroll MW, Stewart JP, Digard P, Hutchinson E, Boutell C. Constitutive TRIM22 Expression in the Respiratory Tract Confers a Pre-Existing Defence Against Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:689707. [PMID: 34621686 PMCID: PMC8490869 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.689707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of antiviral effector proteins as part of a homeostatically controlled innate immune response to infection plays a critical role in limiting the propagation and transmission of respiratory pathogens. However, the prolonged induction of this immune response can lead to lung hyperinflammation, tissue damage, and respiratory failure. We hypothesized that tissues exposed to the constant threat of infection may constitutively express higher levels of antiviral effector proteins to reduce the need to activate potentially harmful innate immune defences. By analysing transcriptomic data derived from a range of human tissues, we identify lung tissue to express constitutively higher levels of antiviral effector genes relative to that of other mucosal and non-mucosal tissues. By using primary cell lines and the airways of rhesus macaques, we show the interferon-stimulated antiviral effector protein TRIM22 (TRIpartite Motif 22) to be constitutively expressed in the lung independently of viral infection or innate immune stimulation. These findings contrast with previous reports that have shown TRIM22 expression in laboratory-adapted cell lines to require interferon stimulation. We demonstrate that constitutive levels of TRIM22 are sufficient to inhibit the onset of human and avian influenza A virus (IAV) infection by restricting the onset of viral transcription independently of interferon-mediated innate immune defences. Thus, we identify TRIM22 to confer a pre-existing (intrinsic) intracellular defence against IAV infection in cells derived from the respiratory tract. Our data highlight the importance of tissue-specific and cell-type dependent patterns of pre-existing immune gene expression in the intracellular restriction of IAV from the outset of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Charman
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Division of Protective Immunity and Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Steven McFarlane
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna K Wojtus
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sloan
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Dewar
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Leeming
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Al-Saadi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Animal Production, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Laura Hunter
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - James P Stewart
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Digard
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Hutchinson
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boutell
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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31
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Gozzi-Silva SC, Teixeira FME, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN, Oliveira LDM. Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve? Front Nutr 2021; 8:674258. [PMID: 34557509 PMCID: PMC8453008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071362. [PMID: 34372568 PMCID: PMC8310017 DOI: 10.3390/v13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine–storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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33
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Xing J, Zhou X, Fang M, Zhang E, Minze LJ, Zhang Z. DHX15 is required to control RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109205. [PMID: 34161762 PMCID: PMC8276442 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA helicases play critical roles in various biological processes, including serving as viral RNA sensors in innate immunity. Here, we find that RNA helicase DEAH-box helicase 15 (DHX15) is essential for type I interferon (IFN-I, IFN-β), type III IFN (IFN-λ3), and inflammasome-derived cytokine IL-18 production by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in response to poly I:C and RNA viruses with preference of enteric RNA viruses, but not DNA virus. Importantly, we generate IEC-specific Dhx15-knockout mice and demonstrate that DHX15 is required for controlling intestinal inflammation induced by enteric RNA virus rotavirus in suckling mice and reovirus in adult mice in vivo, which owes to impaired IFN-β, IFN-λ3, and IL-18 production in IECs from Dhx15-deficient mice. Mechanistically, DHX15 interacts with NLRP6 to trigger NLRP6 inflammasome assembly and activation for inducing IL-18 secretion in IECs. Collectively, our report reveals critical roles for DHX15 in sensing enteric RNA viruses in IECs and controlling intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Xing
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingli Fang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Evan Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laurie J Minze
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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34
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Zhai H, Shi J, Sun R, Tan Z, Swaiba UE, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Huang J. The superposition anti-viral activity of porcine tri-subtype interferon expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109150. [PMID: 34144506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defense against viral infection. Porcine viral infection has emerged as a serious hazard for the pig industry. The construction of an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that efficiently produces porcine IFN has demonstrated several advantages. It can be easily fed to pigs, which helps in reducing antibiotic residues in pork and improve meat quality. In this study, the stable expression of several porcine IFN molecules (pIFN-α1, pIFN-β, pIFN-λ1, pIFN-λ1-β, pIFN-λ1-β-α1) were determined using an engineered S. cerevisiae system. With the YeastFab assembly method, the complete transcriptional units containing promoter (GPD), secretory peptide (α-mating factor), target gene (IFN) and terminator (ADH1) were successfully constructed using the characteristics of type II restriction endonuclease, and then integrated into the chromosomes Ⅳ and XVI of ST1814 yeast host strain, respectively. The expression kinetics of recombinant pIFNs were further analyzed. Synergism in the expression level of IFN receptor, antiviral protein, and viral loading was observed in viral-cell infection model treated with different porcine IFN subtypes. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral load and antibody titer in serum decreased significantly after oral administration of IFN expression yeast fermentation broth. These findings indicate the potential efficacy of multi-valent pIFNs expressing S. cerevisiae as a potent feed material to prevent viral infections of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingxuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Umm E Swaiba
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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35
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Maternal HIV infection is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy in South African women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10079. [PMID: 33980919 PMCID: PMC8115111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The course of pregnancy is regulated by immunological processes and HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) impact key immune mechanisms, which may disrupt the immune programme of pregnancy. We evaluated a broad range of systemic cytokines at each trimester of pregnancy in 56 women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 68 HIV-negative women, who were enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IP-10 was detected in each trimester in all WLHIV, which was significantly more than in HIV-negative women. The anti-viral cytokine IFNλ1 was detected more frequently in WLHIV, whereas IFNβ and IFNλ2/3 were detected more frequently in HIV-negative women. Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IL-12p70, Th2 cytokine IL-5, and Th17 cytokine IL-17A were detected more frequently in WLHIV throughout pregnancy. Il-6, IL-9, and IL-10 were more commonly detected in WLHIV in the first trimester. Trends of increased detection of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4, Il-5, Il-13) and Th17 (IL-17A, Il-17F, IL-21, IL-22) cytokines were associated with small-for-gestational-age babies. Our findings indicate that maternal HIV/ART is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy.
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36
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Alphonse N, Dickenson RE, Odendall C. Interferons: Tug of War Between Bacteria and Their Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624094. [PMID: 33777837 PMCID: PMC7988231 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are archetypally antiviral cytokines that are induced in response to recognition of foreign material by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Though their roles in anti-viral immunity are well established, recent evidence suggests that they are also crucial mediators of inflammatory processes during bacterial infections. Type I and III IFNs restrict bacterial infection in vitro and in some in vivo contexts. IFNs mainly function through the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These include PRRs and regulators of antimicrobial signaling pathways. Other ISGs directly restrict bacterial invasion or multiplication within host cells. As they regulate a diverse range of anti-bacterial host responses, IFNs are an attractive virulence target for bacterial pathogens. This review will discuss the current understanding of the bacterial effectors that manipulate the different stages of the host IFN response: IFN induction, downstream signaling pathways, and target ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Alphonse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Singh H, Chauhan P, Singh J, Saurabh S, Gautam CS, Kakkar AK. Concomitant use of dexamethasone and tetracyclines: a potential therapeutic option for the management of severe COVID-19 infection? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:315-322. [PMID: 33586566 PMCID: PMC7938652 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1888714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a critical challenge to the research community as well as to the healthcare systems. Severe COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of developing serious complications and mortality. There is a dire need for safe and effective pharmacotherapy for addressing unmet needs of these patients. Concomitant use of dexamethasone and tetracyclines, by virtue of their immunomodulatory and other relevant pharmacological properties, offers a potential strategy for synergy aimed at improving clinical outcomes.Areas covered: Here we review the potential benefits of combining dexamethasone and tetracyclines (minocycline or doxycycline) for the management of severe COVID-19 patients. We have critically examined the evidence obtained from in silico, experimental, and clinical research. We have also discussed the plausible mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks of this proposed combination therapy for managing severe COVID-19.Expert opinion: The concomitant use of dexamethasone and one of the tetracyclines among severe COVID-19 patients offers several advantages in terms of additive immunomodulatory effects, cost-effectiveness, wide-availability, and well-known pharmacological properties including adverse-effect profile and contraindications. There is an urgent need to facilitate pilot studies followed by well-designed and adequately-powered multicentric clinical trials to generate conclusive evidence related to utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prerna Chauhan
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, India
| | - Saurabh Saurabh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - CS Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Kakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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38
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Saygili E, Yildiz-Ozturk E, Green MJ, Ghaemmaghami AM, Yesil-Celiktas O. Human lung-on-chips: Advanced systems for respiratory virus models and assessment of immune response. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:021501. [PMID: 33791050 PMCID: PMC7990507 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are leading causes of death worldwide. A number of human respiratory viruses circulate in all age groups and adapt to person-to-person transmission. It is vital to understand how these viruses infect the host and how the host responds to prevent infection and onset of disease. Although animal models have been widely used to study disease states, incisive arguments related to poor prediction of patient responses have led to the development of microfluidic organ-on-chip models, which aim to recapitulate organ-level physiology. Over the past decade, human lung chips have been shown to mimic many aspects of the lung function and its complex microenvironment. In this review, we address immunological responses to viral infections and elaborate on human lung airway and alveolus chips reported to model respiratory viral infections and therapeutic interventions. Advances in the field will expedite the development of therapeutics and vaccines for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Saygili
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Yildiz-Ozturk
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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Xiao X, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liao Z, Wu C, Yang C, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Su J. Broad-Spectrum Robust Direct Bactericidal Activity of Fish IFNφ1 Reveals an Antimicrobial Peptide-like Function for Type I IFNs in Vertebrates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1337-1347. [PMID: 33568398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-Is) play pivotal roles in host defense against viral infections but remain enigmatic against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and purified intact grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IFNφ1 (gcIFNφ1), a teleost IFN-I. gcIFNφ1 widely powerfully directly kills both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. gcIFNφ1 binds to LPS or peptidoglycan and provokes bacterial membrane depolarization and disruption, resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, gcIFNφ1 can efficiently protect zebrafish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and significantly reduce the bacterial loads in tissues by an infection model. In addition, we wonder whether antibacterial IFN-I members exist in other vertebrates. The amino acid compositions of representative IFN-Is with strong positive charges from Pisces, Amphibia, reptiles, Aves, and Mammalia demonstrate high similarities with those of 2237 reported cationic antimicrobial peptides in antimicrobial peptide database. Recombinant intact representative IFN-I members from the nonmammalian sect exhibit potent broad-spectrum robust bactericidal activity through bacterial membrane depolarization; in contrast, the bactericidal activity is very weak from mammalian IFN-Is. The findings display a broad-spectrum potent direct antimicrobial function for IFN-Is, to our knowledge previously unknown. The results highlight that IFN-Is are important and robust in host defense against bacterial pathogens, and unify direct antibacterial and indirect antiviral bifunction in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; and.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changsong Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; and
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Huijser E, Versnel MA. Making Sense of Intracellular Nucleic Acid Sensing in Type I Interferon Activation in Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:532. [PMID: 33540529 PMCID: PMC7867173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mucous membranes, which can be accompanied by various extraglandular autoimmune manifestations. The majority of patients exhibit persistent systemic activation of the type I interferon (IFN) system, a feature that is shared with other systemic autoimmune diseases. Type I IFNs are integral to anti-viral immunity and are produced in response to stimulation of pattern recognition receptors, among which nucleic acid (NA) receptors. Dysregulated detection of endogenous NAs has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Stimulation of endosomal Toll-like receptors by NA-containing immune complexes are considered to contribute to the systemic type I IFN activation. Accumulating evidence suggest additional roles for cytosolic NA-sensing pathways in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the functions and signaling of intracellular RNA- and DNA-sensing receptors and summarize the evidence for a potential role of these receptors in the pathogenesis of pSS and the sustained systemic type I IFN activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan A. Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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41
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Peters EMJ, Schedlowski M, Watzl C, Gimsa U. To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100296. [PMID: 33527083 PMCID: PMC7839386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to strongly affect people with health disadvantages, creating a heavy burden on medical systems and societies worldwide. Research is growing rapidly and recently revealed that stress-related factors such as socio-economic status, may also play a pivotal role. However, stress research investigating the underlying psychoneuroimmune interactions is missing. Here we address the question whether stress-associated neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms can possibly contribute to an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections and influence the course of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, we discuss that not all forms of stress (e.g. acute versus chronic) are detrimental and that some types of stress could attenuate infection-risk and -progression. The overall aim of this review is to motivate future research efforts to clarify whether psychosocial interventions have the potential to optimize neuroendocrine-immune responses against respiratory viral infections during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The current state of research on different types of stress is summarized in a comprehensive narrative review to promote a psychoneuroimmune understanding of how stress and its mediators cortisol, (nor)adrenaline, neuropeptides and neurotrophins can shape the immune defense against viral diseases. Based on this understanding, we describe how people with high psychosocial stress can be identified, which behaviors and psychosocial interventions may contribute to optimal stress management, and how psychoneuroimmune knowledge can be used to improve adequate care for COVID-19 and other patients with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen and Universitätsmedizin-Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Wittling MC, Cahalan SR, Levenson EA, Rabin RL. Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:605673. [PMID: 33542718 PMCID: PMC7850986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered as an antiviral factor by Isaacs and Lindenmann in 1957, but they are now known to also modulate innate and adaptive immunity and suppress proliferation of cancer cells. While much has been revealed about IFN-I, it remains a mystery as to why there are 16 different IFN-I gene products, including IFNβ, IFNω, and 12 subtypes of IFNα. Here, we discuss shared and unique aspects of these IFN-I in the context of their evolution, expression patterns, and signaling through their shared heterodimeric receptor. We propose that rather than investigating responses to individual IFN-I, these contexts can serve as an alternative approach toward investigating roles for IFNα subtypes. Finally, we review uses of IFNα and IFNβ as therapeutic agents to suppress chronic viral infections or to treat multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megen C Wittling
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shannon R Cahalan
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Eric A Levenson
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ronald L Rabin
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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The TLR3/IRF1/Type III IFN Axis Facilitates Antiviral Responses against Enterovirus Infections in the Intestine. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02540-20. [PMID: 33203755 PMCID: PMC7683398 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02540-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses infect gastrointestinal epithelium cells, cause multiple human diseases, and present public health risks worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying host immune responses in intestinal mucosa against the early enterovirus infections remain elusive. Here, we showed that human enteroviruses including enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), and poliovirus 1 (PV1) predominantly induce type III interferons (IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3), rather than type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β), in cultured human normal and cancerous intestine epithelial cells (IECs), mouse intestine tissues, and human clinical intestine specimens. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IFN-λ production is induced upon enterovirus infection through the Toll-like receptor 3/interferon regulatory factor 1 (TLR3/IRF1) signaling pathway in IECs. In turn, the supplementation of IFN-λ subsequently induces intrinsically antiviral responses against enterovirus replication. Notably, intraperitoneal injection in neonatal C57BL/6J mice with mouse recombinant IFN-λ2 protein represses EV71 replication and protects mice from viral lethal effects. Altogether, these results revealed a distinct mechanism by which the host elicited immune responses against enterovirus infections in intestine through activating the TLR3/IRF1/type III IFN axis. The new findings would provide an antiviral strategy for the prevention and treatment of enterovirus infections and associated diseases.IMPORTANCE Enterovirus infections are significant sources of human diseases and public health risks worldwide, but little is known about the mechanism of innate immune response in host intestine epithelial surface during the viral replication. We reported the epithelial immune response in cultured human normal and cancerous cells (IECs), mouse tissues, and human clinical intestine specimens following infection with enterovirus 71. The results mechanistically revealed type III interferons (IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3), rather than type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β), as the dominant production through TLR3/IRF1 signaling upon multiple human enterovirus infection, including enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), and poliovirus 1 (PV1). IFN-λ subsequently induced antiviral activity against enterovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. These studies uncovered the role of the novel process of type III IFN production involved in the TLR3/IRF1 pathway in host intestine upon enterovirus infection, which highlighted a regulatory manner of antiviral defense in intestine during enterovirus infection.
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Peiffer-Smadja N, Yazdanpanah Y. Nebulised interferon beta-1a for patients with COVID-19. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 9:122-123. [PMID: 33189160 PMCID: PMC7833737 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75006 Paris, France; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75006 Paris, France
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Gopal R, Marinelli MA, Alcorn JF. Immune Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570681. [PMID: 33193350 PMCID: PMC7642610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide annually. Although pneumonia is the most common complication associated with influenza, there are several reports demonstrating increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Several clinical case reports, as well as both prospective and retrospective studies, have shown that influenza can trigger cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction (MI), myocarditis, ventricular arrhythmia, and heart failure. A recent study has demonstrated that influenza-infected patients are at highest risk of having MI during the first seven days of diagnosis. Influenza virus infection induces a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and recruitment of immune cells as part of the host immune response. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in influenza-associated cardiovascular diseases will help to improve treatment plans. This review discusses the direct and indirect effects of influenza virus infection on triggering cardiovascular events. Further, we discussed the similarities and differences in epidemiological and pathogenic mechanisms involved in cardiovascular events associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Gopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Torres Acosta MA, Singer BD. Pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDS: implications for an ageing population. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.02049-2020. [PMID: 32747391 PMCID: PMC7397945 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02049-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. Clinical data indicate that severe COVID-19 most commonly manifests as viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical entity mechanistically understood best in the context of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. Similar to influenza, advanced age has emerged as the leading host risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. Finally, we explore hallmarks of ageing that could explain the association between advanced age and susceptibility to severe COVID-19. Review of viral ARDS pathogenesis, how it informs evolving models of COVID-19, and how hallmarks of ageing explain the age-related morbidity and mortality of severe COVID-19https://bit.ly/39Ca0c0
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Torres Acosta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA .,Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Differential Induction of Type I and III Interferons by Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00352-20. [PMID: 32690637 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00352-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, and we have shown previously that type I interferon (IFN) contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we screened 75 S. aureus strains for their ability to induce type I and III IFN. Both cytokine pathways were differentially stimulated by various S. aureus strains independently of their isolation sites or methicillin resistance profiles. These induction patterns persisted over time, and type I and III IFN generation differentially correlated with tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Investigation of one isolate, strain 126, showed a significant defect in type I IFN induction that persisted over several time points. The lack of induction was not due to differential phagocytosis, subcellular location, or changes in endosomal acidification. A correlation between reduced type I IFN induction levels and decreased autolysis and lysostaphin sensitivity was found between strains. Strain 126 had a decreased rate of autolysis and increased resistance to lysostaphin degradation and host cell-mediated killing. This strain displayed decreased virulence in a murine model of acute pneumonia compared to USA300 (current epidemic strain and commonly used in research) and had reduced capacity to induce multiple cytokines. We observed this isolate to be a vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain, and reduced Ifnb was observed with a defined mutation in walK that induces a VISA phenotype. Overall, this study demonstrates the heterogeneity of IFN induction by S. aureus and uncovered an interesting property of a VISA strain in its inability to induce type I IFN production.
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Goncharova EP, Sen‘kova AV, Savin IA, Kabilova TO, Zenkova MA, Vlassov VV, Chernolovskaya EL. Immunostimulating RNA Delivered by P1500 PEGylated Cationic Liposomes Limits Influenza Infection in C57Bl/6 Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E875. [PMID: 32937880 PMCID: PMC7557936 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of highly pathogenic viruses and a high speed of infection spread put forward the problem of the development of novel antivirals and their delivery vehicles. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of the previously identified immunostimulatory 19-bp dsRNA (isRNA) with 3'-nucleotide overhangs, which stimulates interferon α synthesis when delivered using cationic liposomes consisting of 1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3β-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosan tetrahydrochloride and lipid-helper dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and its PEGylated formulation P1500 in vitro and in vivo. In vitro data showed that isRNA/2X3-DOPE complexes protected L929 cells from encephalomyocarditis virus infection, while isRNA/P1500 complexes were not active, which correlates with their lower transfection activity in cell culture. Comparison of the interferon-inducing activity of isRNA in BALB/c, CBA and C57Bl/6 mice showed that PEGylated liposomes significantly enhance the interferon-inducing activity of isRNA in vivo. The antiviral efficacy of the isRNA in vivo was considerably affected by the delivery system. The cationic liposomes 2X3-DOPE did not enhance the antiviral properties of isRNA in vivo. Similar liposomes equipped with a PEGylated lipoconjugate provided a pronounced anti-influenza effect of the isRNA in vivo. Administration of isRNA to C57Bl/6 led to a decrease in virus titers in the lungs and a significant decrease in the severity of the infection. Administration of a similar formulation to BALB/c mice caused only a mild antiviral effect at the initial stages of the infection. The data show that isRNA in combination with the PEGylated delivery system can be considered an effective means of suppressing influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena L. Chernolovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.P.G.); (A.V.S.); (I.A.S.); (T.O.K.); (M.A.Z.); (V.V.V.)
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Groeger D, Schiavi E, Grant R, Kurnik-Łucka M, Michalovich D, Williamson R, Beinke S, Kiely B, Akdis CA, Hessel EM, Shanahan F, O' Mahony L. Intranasal Bifidobacterium longum protects against viral-induced lung inflammation and injury in a murine model of lethal influenza infection. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102981. [PMID: 32927273 PMCID: PMC7495089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic strategies are urgently needed for prevention of severe inflammatory responses to respiratory viral infections. Bacterial-host interactions may modify the immune response to viral infections. Methods We examined the contribution of Intranasal administration of two different Bifidobacterium longum strains or its isolated cell wall in controlling viral induced inflammation using a murine model of influenza infection. We monitored mortality and morbidity over a 10-day period and viral load, differential broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid inflammatory cell counts, Lung tissue histology, BAL and serum cytokines, markers of vascular damage and cell death were quantified. Findings Intranasal administration of Bifidobacterium longum35624® or its isolated cell wall prior to virus inoculation significantly reduced viral load within the lungs and significantly improved survival. Reduced viral load was associated with reduced lung injury as suggested by cell death and vascular leakage markers, a shift from neutrophil to macrophage recruitment, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels (including IL-6), reduced type 1 and 2 interferon levels, but increased levels of interferon-λ and surfactant protein D. These protective effects were maintained when the bifidobacterial cell wall preparation was administered 24 h after viral inoculation. The protective effects were also observed for the Bifidobacterium longumPB-VIR™ strain. Interpretation Exposure to these bifidobacterial strains protect against the inflammatory sequelae and damage associated with uncontrolled viral replication within the lung. Funding This work has been funded, in part, by a research grant from GlaxoSmithKline, PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd., Swiss National Science Foundation grants (project numbers CRSII3_154488, 310030_144219, 310030_127356 and 310030_144219) and Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Groeger
- Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Davos, Switzerland; PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd., Cork, Ireland; Lead contact.
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Davos, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ray Grant
- Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Fergus Shanahan
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liam O' Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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50
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050367. [PMID: 32403318 PMCID: PMC7281546 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV), is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, which has led to substantial economic losses in many countries and is a great threat to the global swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) are major cytokines involved in host innate immune defense, which induce the expression of a broad range of antiviral effectors that help host to control and antagonize viral infections. PEDV infection does not elicit a robust IFN response, and some of the mechanisms used by the virus to counteract the host innate immune response have been unraveled. PEDV evades the host innate immune response by two main strategies including: (1) encoding IFN antagonists to disrupt innate immune pathway, and (2) hiding its viral RNA to avoid the exposure of viral RNA to immune sensors. This review highlights the immune evasion mechanisms employed by PEDV, which provides insights for the better understanding of PEDV-host interactions and developing effective vaccines and antivirals against CoVs.
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