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Shaaban A, Scott SS, Greenlee AN, Binda N, Noor A, Webb A, Guo S, Purdy N, Pennza N, Habib A, Mohammad SJ, Smith SA. Atrial fibrillation in cancer, anticancer therapies, and underlying mechanisms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:118-132. [PMID: 38897563 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmic complication in cancer patients and can be exacerbated by traditional cytotoxic and targeted anticancer therapies. Increased incidence of AF in cancer patients is independent of confounding factors, including preexisting myocardial arrhythmogenic substrates, type of cancer, or cancer stage. Mechanistically, AF is characterized by fast unsynchronized atrial contractions with rapid ventricular response, which impairs ventricular filling and results in various symptoms such as fatigue, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Due to increased blood stasis, a consequence of both cancer and AF, concern for stroke increases in this patient population. To compound matters, cardiotoxic anticancer therapies themselves promote AF; thereby exacerbating AF morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. In this review, we examine the relationship between AF, cancer, and cardiotoxic anticancer therapies with a focus on the shared molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms linking these disease processes. We also explore the potential role of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in the management of anticancer-therapy-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shaaban
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shane S Scott
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashley N Greenlee
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nkongho Binda
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ali Noor
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Averie Webb
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Najhee Purdy
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Pennza
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Alma Habib
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Somayya J Mohammad
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sakima A Smith
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bob and Corrinne Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Karzoon A, Yerer MB, Cumaoğlu A. Empagliflozin demonstrates cytotoxicity and synergy with tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer cells: anti-proliferative and anti-survival effects. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03316-z. [PMID: 39066911 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be effective at eliminating tumor cells. While empagliflozin exhibits nearly the highest selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1, its specific impact alone and in combination with tamoxifen remains largely unexplored in estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα +) breast cancer. This study investigated the anticancer effects of empagliflozin and its potential synergy with tamoxifen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The individual and combined cytotoxic effects of empagliflozin and tamoxifen were assessed using the xCELLigence system. The activities of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPKα), p70-S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), and protein kinase B (Akt) were assessed using Western blotting. The gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) were assessed via qPCR. Our results revealed time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of empagliflozin and tamoxifen whether administered separately or in combination. While tamoxifen exhibits potency with an IC50 value of 17 μM, approximately ten times greater than that of empagliflozin (IC50 = 177 μM), synergistic effects are observed when the concentrations of the two agents approach their respective IC50 values. Additionally, empagliflozin significantly increases AMPKα activity while concurrently inhibiting Akt, p70S6K1, and p38 MAPKα, and these effects are significantly enhanced when empagliflozin is combined with tamoxifen. Moreover, empagliflozin modulates the gene expression, downregulating PGC-1α while upregulating FOXO3a. Empagliflozin exerts anti-proliferative and anti-survival effects by inhibiting mTOR, Akt, and PGC-1α, and it exhibits synergy with tamoxifen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karzoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cumaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
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Anastasio C, Donisi I, Del Vecchio V, Colloca A, Mele L, Sardu C, Marfella R, Balestrieri ML, D'Onofrio N. SGLT2 inhibitor promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and ER-phagy in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:80. [PMID: 38811901 PMCID: PMC11134909 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (iSGLT2) are approved medications for type 2 diabetes. Recent studies indicate that iSGLT2 inhibit the growth of some cancer cells. However, the mechanism(s) remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS The SGLT2 levels were determined in normal colon CCD 841 CoN and, HCT 116, HT-29, SW480 and LoVo colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The effect of iSGLT2 canagliflozin on cell proliferation was examined using CCK-8, as its role on CRC cells metabolism and tumorigenesis has been evaluated by XF HS Seahorse Bioanalyzer and flow cytometric analyses. Transient gene silencing experiments and analysis of protein-protein interaction network were conducted to evaluate the SGLT2 molecular targets in CRC cells. RESULTS Data showed that the treatment with iSGLT2 (50 µM) for 72 h induced cell cycle arrest (p < 0.001), impaired glucose and energetic metabolism (p < 0.001), promoted apoptotic cell death and ER stress flowing into autophagy (p < 0.001) in HCT 116 and HT-29 cells. These cellular events were accompanied by sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) upregulation (p < 0.01), as also supported by SIRT3 transient silencing experiments resulting in the attenuation of the effects of iSGLT2 on the cellular metabolic/energetic alterations and the induction of programmed cell death. The identification and validation of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as potential common target of SGLT2 and SIRT3 were also assessed. CONCLUSIONS These results deepened knowledge on the iSGLT2 contribution in limiting CRC tumorigenesis unveiling the SGLT2/SIRT3 axis in the cytotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Donisi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Iwai S, Motono N, Oyama T, Shioya A, Yamada S, Uramoto H. The Clinical Relevance of the Expression of SGLT2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Oncology 2024; 102:710-719. [PMID: 38232717 DOI: 10.1159/000536060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to elucidate the functions and clinical relevance of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in resected lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The protein expression of SGLT2 in tumor samples from 199 patients with lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression, clinical variables, and survival outcomes were compared. RESULTS The median SGLT2 expression was significantly higher in advanced-stage and more aggressive adenocarcinomas. Age ≥70 (p < 0.01), BI ≥600 (p < 0.01), PRDX4 <25 (p < 0.01), and SGLT2 ≥12% (p = 0.03) were significant factors for RFS in multivariate analysis. Significant differences were observed in the RFS rates of the groups divided using the cutoff value of SGLT2 ≥12% (5-year RFS: 72.6% vs. 90%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The expression of SGLT2 was more frequently detected in advanced-stage and more aggressive adenocarcinomas with aggressive biological behavior than in their counterparts. The survival analysis revealed that the strong expression of SGLT2 was associated with poorer RFS. The SGLT2 expression predicts postoperative recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Iwai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Japan
| | - Nozomu Motono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Oyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Japan
- Imamitsu Home Care Clinic, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shioya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Japan
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Xu B, Li S, Kang B, Fan S, Chen C, Li W, Chen J, He Z, Tang F, Zhou J. Role of SLC5A2 polymorphisms and effects of genetic polymorphism on sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorsinhibitor response. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9637-9647. [PMID: 37819499 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. T2DM is a highly heterogeneous polygenic disease. Due to genetic variation, variations in lifestyle and other environmental exposures, there are certain variations in the phenotype of T2DM patients. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are novel hypoglycaemic agents that increase urinary glucose excretion by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules of the kidney. For glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, studies have confirmed a variety of gene variants that may modify their effects. For SGLT2 inhibitors, research has focused on the SLC5A2 gene encoding SGLT2 and UGT1A9 gene polymorphisms affecting SGLT2 inhibitor metabolism. The SLC5A2 polymorphism rs9934336 have been associated with decreased HbA1c during the oral glucose tolerance test. Common variants of the SLC5A2 gene are related to blood glucose and insulin concentrations, but not glucagon concentrations. SLC5A2 rs9934336 and rs3116150 are related to a lower risk of heart failure. SGLT2 inhibitor exposure of UGT1A9*3 carriers is commonly higher than that of noncarriers, while these effects commonly have no obvious clinical significance on SGLT2 inhibitor pharmacokinetics. In terms of efficacy, general SLC5A2 variants show no significant effect on the response to the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. At present, research on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors is limited. The main purpose of this review is to elucidate the general effects of SGLT2 polymorphisms and the association between polymorphisms and the treatment response to SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shaoqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Bo Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shangzhi Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Canyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zunbo He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fan Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Tsunokake S, Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Kanai A, Onodera Y, Sasano H, Ishida T, Suzuki T. SGLT1 as an adverse prognostic factor in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 201:499-513. [PMID: 37439959 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and 2 expression in carcinoma cells was recently examined, but their association with the clinicopathological factors of the patients and their biological effects on breast carcinoma cells have remained remain virtually unknown. Therefore, in this study, we explored the expression status of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in breast cancer patients and examined the effects of SGLT1 inhibitors on breast carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS SGLT1 and SGLT2 were immunolocalized and we first correlated the findings with clinicopathological factors of the patients. We then administered mizagliflozin and KGA-2727, SGLT1 specific inhibitors to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cell lines, and their growth-inhibitory effects were examined. Protein arrays were then used to further explore their effects on the growth factors. RESULTS The SGLT1 high group had significantly worse clinical outcome including both overall survival and disease-free survival than low group. SGLT2 status was not significantly correlated with clinical outcome of the patients. Both mizagliflozin and KGA-2727 inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell lines. Of particular interest, mizagliflozin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, even under very low glucose conditions. Mizagliflozin downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION High SGLT1 expression turned out as an adverse clinical prognostic factor in breast cancer patient. This is the first study demonstrating that SGLT1 inhibitors suppressed breast carcinoma cell proliferation. These results indicated that SGLT1 inhibitors could be used as therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients with aggressive biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tsunokake
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Nakanishi Y, Iwai M, Hirotani Y, Kato R, Tanino T, Nishimaki‐watanabe H, Nozaki F, Ohni S, Tang X, Masuda S, Sasaki‐fukatsu K. Correlations between class I glucose transporter expression patterns and clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2761-2769. [PMID: 37549925 PMCID: PMC10518227 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are highly expressed in various cancers. However, the implications of these variable expression patterns are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the correlation between class I GLUT expression patterns and clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including their potential role in inflammatory signaling. METHODS Biopsy tissues from 132 patients with NSCLC (92 adenocarcinomas [ADC] and 40 squamous cell carcinomas [SQCC]) were analyzed. mRNA expression levels of class I GLUTs (solute carrier 2A [SLC2A]1, SLC2A2, SLC2A3, and SLC2A4) and inflammation-related molecules (toll-like receptors TLR4, RelA/p65, and interleukins IL8 and IL6) were measured. Cellular localization of GLUT3 and GLUT4 was investigated using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Single, combined, and negative GLUT (SLC2A) expression were observed in 27/92 (29.3%), 27/92 (29.3%), and 38/92 (41.3%, p < 0.001) of ADC and 8/40 (20.0%), 29/40 (72.5%, p < 0.001), and 3/40 (7.5%) of SQCC, respectively. In ADC, the single SLC2A3-expressed group had a significantly poorer prognosis, whereas the single SLC2A4-expressed group had a significantly better prognosis. The combined expression groups showed no significant difference. SLC2A expression was not correlated with SQCC prognosis. SLC2A4 expression correlated with lower IL8 expression. GLUT3 and GLUT4 expressions were localized in the tumor cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS In lung ADC, single SLC2A3 expression correlated with poor prognosis, whereas single SLC2A4 expression correlated with better prognosis and lower IL8 expression. GLUT3 expression, which is increased by IL8 overexpression, may be suppressed by increasing the expression of GLUT4 through decreased IL8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakanishi
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Momoko Iwai
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Graduate School of Home EconomicsKyoritsu Women's UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yukari Hirotani
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ren Kato
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Tanino
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Haruna Nishimaki‐watanabe
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Fumi Nozaki
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sumie Ohni
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shinobu Masuda
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kayoko Sasaki‐fukatsu
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Graduate School of Home EconomicsKyoritsu Women's UniversityTokyoJapan
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Basak D, Gamez D, Deb S. SGLT2 Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1867. [PMID: 37509506 PMCID: PMC10376602 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) serves as a critical glucose transporter that has been reported to be overexpressed in cancer models, followed by increased glucose uptake in both mice and humans. Inhibition of its expression can robustly thwart tumor development in vitro and in vivo. SGLT2 inhibitors are a comparatively new class of antidiabetic drugs that have demonstrated anticancer effects in several malignancies, including breast, liver, pancreatic, thyroid, prostate, and lung cancers. This review aims to assess the extent of SGLT involvement in different cancer cell lines and discuss the pharmacology, mechanisms of action, and potential applications of SGLT2 inhibitors to reduce tumorigenesis and its progression. Although these agents display a common mechanism of action, they exhibit distinct affinity towards the SGLT type 2 transporter compared to the SGLT type 1 transporter and varying extents of bioavailability and half-lives. While suppression of glucose uptake has been attributed to their primary mode of antidiabetic action, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated several mechanistic ways to combat cancer, including mitochondrial membrane instability, suppression of β-catenin, and PI3K-Akt pathways, increase in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Growing evidence and ongoing clinical trials suggest a potential benefit of combination therapy using an SGLT2 inhibitor with the standard chemotherapeutic regimen. Nevertheless, further experimental and clinical evidence is required to characterize the expression and role of SGLTs in different cancer types, the activity of different SGLT subtypes, and their role in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - David Gamez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Subrata Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
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9
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Leslie TK, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium channels and the ionic microenvironment of breast tumours. J Physiol 2023; 601:1543-1553. [PMID: 36183245 PMCID: PMC10953337 DOI: 10.1113/jp282306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of epithelial origin such as breast, prostate, cervical, gastric, colon and lung cancer account for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Better treatment of metastasis, the main cause of cancer deaths, is therefore urgently required. Several of these tumours have been shown to have an abnormally high concentration of Na+ ([Na+ ]) and emerging evidence points to this accumulation being due to elevated intracellular [Na+ ]. This poses intriguing questions about the cellular mechanisms underlying Na+ dysregulation in cancer, and its pathophysiological significance. Elevated intracellular [Na+ ] may be due to alterations in activity of the Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and/or increased influx via Na+ channels and Na+ -linked transporters. Maintenance of the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane is vital to power many cellular processes that are highly active in cancer cells, including glucose and glutamine import. Na+ channels are also upregulated in cancer cells, which in turn promotes tumour growth and metastasis. For example, ENaC and ASICs are overexpressed in cancers, increasing invasion and proliferation. In addition, voltage-gated Na+ channels are also upregulated in a range of tumour types, where they promote metastatic cell behaviours via various mechanisms, including membrane potential depolarisation and altered pH regulation. Together, recent findings relating to elevated Na+ in the tumour microenvironment and how this may be regulated by several classes of Na+ channels provide a link between altered Na+ handling and poor clinical outcome. There are new opportunities to leverage this altered Na+ microenvironment for therapeutic benefit, as exemplified by several ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Leslie
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
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10
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Luo J, Hendryx M, Dong Y. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and non-small cell lung cancer survival. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1541-1547. [PMID: 36765176 PMCID: PMC10070339 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs with demonstrated renal and cardiovascular disease benefit. This study evaluates the role of SGLT2 inhibitors on the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS We used National Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked data. Twenty four thousand nine hundred fifteen NSCLC patients newly diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 with pre-exiting diabetes and aged 66 years or older were included and followed to the end of 2019. Information on SGLT2 inhibitors use was extracted from the Medicare Part D file. RESULTS SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with significantly reduced mortality risk after adjusting for potential confounders (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.60-0.77) with stronger association for longer duration of use (HR = 0.54, 85% CI = 0.44-0.68). Further, we found that SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significant reduced risk of mortality regardless of patients' demographic, tumour characteristics and cancer treatments. CONCLUSION Our large SEER-Medicare linked data study indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors use was associated with improved overall survival of NSCLC patients with pre-existing diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and elucidate the possible mechanisms behind the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Michael Hendryx
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Nwosu ZC, Song MG, di Magliano MP, Lyssiotis CA, Kim SE. Nutrient transporters: connecting cancer metabolism to therapeutic opportunities. Oncogene 2023; 42:711-724. [PMID: 36739364 PMCID: PMC10266237 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on certain extracellular nutrients to sustain their metabolism and growth. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters enable cells to acquire extracellular nutrients or shuttle intracellular nutrients across organelles. However, the function of many SLC transporters in cancer is unknown. Determining the key SLC transporters promoting cancer growth could reveal important therapeutic opportunities. Here we summarize recent findings and knowledge gaps on SLC transporters in cancer. We highlight existing inhibitors for studying these transporters, clinical trials on treating cancer by blocking transporters, and compensatory transporters used by cancer cells to evade treatment. We propose targeting transporters simultaneously or in combination with targeted therapy or immunotherapy as alternative strategies for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe Chike Nwosu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mun Gu Song
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Platinum glycoconjugates: "Sweet bullets" for targeted cancer therapy? Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102236. [PMID: 36516491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, which is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially with platinum drugs, remains the mainstay of cancer treatment in the clinical setting. Despite phenomenal success, small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs suffer from some serious drawbacks. Lack of cancer selectivity and the ensuing side effects mar the therapeutic potential of these drugs. Glycoconjugation has emerged as an attractive strategy for imparting selectivity and improving pharmacokinetics of cytotoxic agents. In this review, we provide an overview of the glycoconjugation strategy and then illustrate the application of this strategy with the help of some concrete examples of platinum based glycoconjugates. At the end we discuss a few important aspects of these glycoconjugates which merit further investigations.
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13
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SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment-Mechanisms of Action and Emerging New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235811. [PMID: 36497303 PMCID: PMC9738342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new group of antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors), have recently been shown to have anticancer effects and their expression has been confirmed in many cancer cell lines. Given the metabolic reprogramming of these cells in a glucose-based model, the ability of SGLT-2 inhibitors to block the glucose uptake by cancer cells appears to be an attractive therapeutic approach. In addition to tumour cells, SGLT-2s are only found in the proximal tubules in the kidneys. Furthermore, as numerous clinical trials have shown, the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is well-tolerated and safe in patients with diabetes and/or heart failure. In vitro cell culture studies and preclinical in vivo studies have confirmed that SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit antiproliferative effects on certain types of cancer. However, the mechanisms of this action remain unclear. Even in those tumour cell types in which SGLT-2 is present, there is sometimes an SGLT-2-independent mechanism of anticancer action of this group of drugs. This article presents the current state of knowledge of the potential mechanisms of the anticancer action of SGLT-2 inhibitors and their possible future application in clinical oncology.
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14
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di Meo NA, Lasorsa F, Rutigliano M, Loizzo D, Ferro M, Stella A, Bizzoca C, Vincenti L, Pandolfo SD, Autorino R, Crocetto F, Montanari E, Spilotros M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Renal Cell Carcinoma as a Metabolic Disease: An Update on Main Pathways, Potential Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214360. [PMID: 36430837 PMCID: PMC9698586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent histological kidney cancer subtype. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in identifying the genetic and metabolic alterations driving ccRCC development. In particular, an integrated approach using transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics has led to a better understanding of ccRCC as a metabolic disease. The metabolic profiling of this cancer could help define and predict its behavior in terms of aggressiveness, prognosis, and therapeutic responsiveness, and would be an innovative strategy for choosing the optimal therapy for a specific patient. This review article describes the current state-of-the-art in research on ccRCC metabolic pathways and potential therapeutic applications. In addition, the clinical implication of pharmacometabolomic intervention is analyzed, which represents a new field for novel stage-related and patient-tailored strategies according to the specific susceptibility to new classes of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Antonio di Meo
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Loizzo
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bizzoca
- Division of General Surgery, Polyclinic Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spilotros
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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15
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Peng L, Du B, Cui Y, Luan Q, Li Y, Li X. 18F-FDG PET/CT for assessing heterogeneous metabolic response between primary tumor and metastases and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2022; 23:608-619. [PMID: 36089482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to use 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) imaging to evaluate the heterogeneous metabolic response between primary tumor and metastases in NSCLC after therapy and explored its correlation with prognosis. METHODS The data of patients with NSCLC who underwent 18FDG-PET/CT before and after treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Heterogeneous metabolic response (HR), defined as the difference in metabolic response between any metastases and primary lesion, was evaluated using 18FDG-PET/CT. And the correlation between HR and clinical prognosis was also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 56 patients with NSCLC including 56 primary lesions and 491 metastases were enrolled in the study. 46.4% (26/56) of patients had HR, especially in patients with stage IV disease and whose metastases with high metabolic burden. HR was significantly correlated with poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < .001 and P = .045, respectively). The multivariate analysis suggested that HR was an unfavorable independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 4.36; 95% CI, 2.00-9.49; P < .001) but not for PFS (P = .469). HR between lymph node metastases was correlated with shorter OS (P < .001) but not with PFS (P = .370). CONCLUSION HR was observed between primary and metastatic lesions in NSCLC after treatment using PET/CT. HR is significantly associated with poor prognosis and is an independent prognostic factor for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirao Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao ning, China
| | - Bulin Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao ning, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao ning, China
| | - Qiu Luan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao ning, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao ning, China
| | - Xuena Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao ning, China.
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16
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Impact of anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on tumor growth of intractable hematological malignancy in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112864. [PMID: 35367765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the dysfunction of mitochondria, cancer cells preferentially utilize both glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways rather than electron transport chains to desperately generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH), classically recognized as the Warburg effect. Based on this background, the present study tested the hypothesis that anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors would exert a tumor-suppressive impact on intractable human hematological malignancies via the modulation of glucose metabolism within cells and cell cycles. The level of mRNA for SGLT2 was remarkably elevated in leukemic cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), one of the most intractable blood cancers in humans, and as well as in two kinds of ATL cell lines (MT-1 and MT-2). Two kinds of SGLT2 inhibitors, Luseogliflozin and Tofogliflozin substantially suppressed the proliferation of MT-1 and MT-2 cells in both adherent and anchorage-independent culture conditions. Such a suppressive effect on tumor cell growth was reproduced by Luseogliflozin in leukemic cells in peripheral blood from patients with ATL. In MT-2 cells, both of SGLT2 inhibitors considerably attenuated glucose uptake, intracellular ATP levels, and NADPH production, resultantly enhancing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. From the standpoint of metabolic oncology, the present study suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors would be a promising adjunctive option for the treatment of the most intractable human hematological malignancies like ATL.
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17
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Zhang X, Wang X, Chai B, Wu Z, Liu X, Zou H, Hua Z, Ma Z, Wang W. Downregulated miR-18a and miR-92a synergistically suppress non-small cell lung cancer via targeting Sprouty 4. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11281-11295. [PMID: 35484993 PMCID: PMC9208480 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel noncoding RNA cluster, miR-17-92 cluster include six members: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a, and miR-92a. Dysregulation of miR-17-92 has been proved to be connected with the advancement of a series of human diseases, but the roles of miR-17-92 cluster in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been absolutely elaborated. Herein, we determined that miR-17-92 cluster were upregulated significantly in NSCLC tissues, and the cell proliferation, migration and cycle progression of NSCLC were also facilitated under the function of miR-17-92 cluster. Sprouty 4 (SPRY4) was a direct target of miR-92a, and its overexpression restrained the exacerbation of NSCLC induced by miR-92a. Furthermore, the tumor xenograft assay showed that miR-92a facilitated tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of SPRY4 and mediating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in vivo. Finally, we looked into the synergistic effects of miR-92a and miR-18a on NSCLC, and found that antagomiR-18a treatment arrested the tumor growth rate of xenografted mice markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Zhang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyi Wang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binshu Chai
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Hua
- Experimental Center for Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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18
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Szablewski L. Glucose transporters as markers of diagnosis and prognosis in cancer diseases. Oncol Rev 2022; 16:561. [PMID: 35340885 PMCID: PMC8941341 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2022.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary metabolic substrate for cells is glucose, which acts as both a source of energy and a substrate in several processes. However, being lipophilic, the cell membrane is impermeable to glucose and specific carrier proteins are needed to allow transport. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells are more likely to generate energy by glycolysis; as this process generates fewer molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than complete oxidative breakdown, more glucose molecules are needed. The increased demand for glucose in cancer cells is satisfied by overexpression of a number of glucose transporters, and decreased levels of others. As specific correlations have been observed between the occurrence of cancer and the expression of glucose carrier proteins, the presence of changes in expression of glucose transporters may be treated as a marker of diagnosis and/or prognosis for cancer patients.
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Perry RJ, Shulman GI. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: Understanding the mechanisms for therapeutic promise and persisting risks. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14379-14390. [PMID: 32796035 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy person, the kidney filters nearly 200 g of glucose per day, almost all of which is reabsorbed. The primary transporter responsible for renal glucose reabsorption is sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). Based on the impact of SGLT2 to prevent renal glucose wasting, SGLT2 inhibitors have been developed to treat diabetes and are the newest class of glucose-lowering agents approved in the United States. By inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, these agents promote glycosuria, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and often resulting in modest weight loss. Recent work in humans and rodents has demonstrated that the clinical utility of these agents may not be limited to diabetes management: SGLT2 inhibitors have also shown therapeutic promise in improving outcomes in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and, in preclinical studies, certain cancers. Unfortunately, these benefits are not without risk: SGLT2 inhibitors predispose to euglycemic ketoacidosis in those with type 2 diabetes and, largely for this reason, are not approved to treat type 1 diabetes. The mechanism for each of the beneficial and harmful effects of SGLT2 inhibitors-with the exception of their effect to lower plasma glucose concentrations-is an area of active investigation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which these drugs cause euglycemic ketoacidosis and hyperglucagonemia and stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis as well as their beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In so doing, we aim to highlight the crucial role for selecting patients for SGLT2 inhibitor therapy and highlight several crucial questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Perry
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Lang F, Singh Y, Salker MS, Ma K, Pandyra AA, Lang PA, Lang KS. Glucose transport in lymphocytes. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1401-1406. [PMID: 32529300 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake into lymphocytes is accomplished by non-concentrative glucose carriers of the GLUT family (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6) and/or by the Na+-coupled glucose carrier SGLT1. The latter accumulates glucose against glucose gradients and is still effective at very low extracellular glucose concentrations. Signaling involved in SGLT1 expression and activity includes protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), and Janus kinases (JAK2 and JAK3). Glucose taken up is partially stored as glycogen. In hypoxic environments, such as in tumors as well as infected and inflamed tissues, lymphocytes depend on energy production from glycogen-dependent glycolysis. The lack of SGLT1 may compromise glycogen storage and thus lymphocyte survival and function in hypoxic tissues. Accordingly, in mice, genetic knockout of sglt1 compromised bacterial clearance following Listeria monocytogenes infection leading to an invariably lethal course of the disease. Whether the effect was due to the lack of sglt1 in lymphocytes or in other cell types still remains to be determined. Clearly, additional experimental effort is required to define the role of glucose transport by GLUTs and particularly by SGLT1 for lymphocyte survival and function, as well as orchestration of the host defense against tumors and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany.
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076, Tubingen, Germany.
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Department of Immunology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Heterogeneity of Glucose Transport in Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060868. [PMID: 32517099 PMCID: PMC7356687 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glucose uptake is a known hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells need glucose for energy production via glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and also to fuel the pentose phosphate pathway, the serine biosynthetic pathway, lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway. For this reason, glucose transport inhibition is an emerging new treatment for different malignancies, including lung cancer. However, studies both in animal models and in humans have shown high levels of heterogeneity in the utilization of glucose and other metabolites in cancer, unveiling a complexity that is difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we present an overview of different levels of heterogeneity in glucose uptake and utilization in lung cancer, with diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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22
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Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) Stabled by HER2 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in HER2+ Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:6103542. [PMID: 32377271 PMCID: PMC7191406 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of tumor cells. SGLT1 plays a vital role in glucose metabolism. However, whether SGLT1 could promote cell growth and proliferation in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of SGLT1 in breast cancer and examined its role in malignant behavior and prognosis. Further, we examined the SGLT1 expression in breast cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics. We clarified that SGLT1 was overexpressed in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines and was affected by HER2 status. We further found that SGLT1 affected breast cancer cell proliferation and patient survival by mediating cell survival pathway activation. SGLT1 was overexpressed in HER2+ breast cancers and associated with lymph node metastasis and HER2+ status. Inhibition of HER2 decreased SGLT1 expression, and the extracellular acidification rate was also reduced in the UACC812 and SKBR3 cell lines. These changes could be reversed by proteasome inhibitor treatment. Knockdown of SGLT1 blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Further, we demonstrated that high SGLT1 was significantly correlated with shorter survival in all breast cancer patients and specifically in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Therefore, we conclude that SGLT1 is overexpressed in HER2+ breast cancer, thereby promoting cell proliferation and shortening survival by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. This study submits that SGLT1 is promising not only as a novel biomarker of HER2+ breast cancer subtype but also as a potential drug target.
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Song Z, Zhu J, Wei Q, Dong G, Dong Z. Canagliflozin reduces cisplatin uptake and activates Akt to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1041-F1052. [PMID: 32150448 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00512.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug with notorious nephrotoxicity. Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are a class of novel antidiabetic agents that may have other effects in the kidneys besides blood glucose control. In the present study, we demonstrated that canagliflozin significantly attenuates cisplatin-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice and suppresses cisplatin induced renal proximal tubular cell apoptosis in vitro. The protective effect of canagliflozin was associated with inhibition of p53, p38 and JNK activation. Mechanistically, canagliflozin partially reduced cisplatin uptake by kidney tissues in mice and renal tubular cells in culture. In addition, canagliflozin enhanced the activation of Akt and inhibited the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis during cisplatin treatment. The protective effect of canagliflozin was diminished by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Notably, canagliflozin did not affect the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in A549 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. These results suggest a new application of canagliflozin for renoprotection in cisplatin chemotherapy. Canagliflozin may protect kidneys by reducing cisplatin uptake and activating cell survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Song
- Department of Nephrology, Central People's Hospital of Yichang, The First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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Leslie TK, James AD, Zaccagna F, Grist JT, Deen S, Kennerley A, Riemer F, Kaggie JD, Gallagher FA, Gilbert FJ, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium homeostasis in the tumour microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188304. [PMID: 31348974 PMCID: PMC7115894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of sodium ions (Na+) is raised in solid tumours and can be measured at the cellular, tissue and patient levels. At the cellular level, the Na+ gradient across the membrane powers the transport of H+ ions and essential nutrients for normal activity. The maintenance of the Na+ gradient requires a large proportion of the cell's ATP. Na+ is a major contributor to the osmolarity of the tumour microenvironment, which affects cell volume and metabolism as well as immune function. Here, we review evidence indicating that Na+ handling is altered in tumours, explore our current understanding of the mechanisms that may underlie these alterations and consider the potential consequences for cancer progression. Dysregulated Na+ balance in tumours may open opportunities for new imaging biomarkers and re-purposing of drugs for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Leslie
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew D James
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Surrin Deen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Aneurin Kennerley
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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25
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Wang L, Liu M, Yin F, Wang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Ye C, Liu J. Trilobatin, a Novel SGLT1/2 Inhibitor, Selectively Induces the Proliferation of Human Hepatoblastoma Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183390. [PMID: 31540429 PMCID: PMC6767144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that Na+-d-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors had anti-proliferative activity by attenuating the uptake of glucose in several tumor cell lines. In this study, the molecular docking showed that, trilobatin, one of the dihydrochalcones from leaves of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd., might be a novel inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2, which evidently attenuated the uptake of glucose in vitro and in vivo. To our surprise, we observed that trilobatin did not inhibit, but promoted the proliferation of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 and Huh 7 cells when it was present at high concentrations. At the same time, incubation with high concentrations of trilobatin arrested the cell cycle at S phase in HepG2 cells. We also found that treatment with trilobatin had no significant effect on the expression of hepatitis B x-interacting protein (HBXIP) and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α, the two key regulators of hepatocyte proliferation. Taken together, although trilobatin worked as a novel inhibitor of SGLTs to attenuate the uptake of glucose, it also selectively induced the cell proliferation of HepG2 cells, suggesting that not all the SGLT inhibitors inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, and further studies are needed to assess the anti-cancer potentials of new glucose-lowering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Xingan Li
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yucui Wu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Cuilian Ye
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Sodium-glucose cotransporters: new targets of cancer therapy? Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 69:278-285. [PMID: 30864374 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose, the key source of metabolic energy, is imported into cells by two categories of transporters: 1) facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) and 2) secondary active sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Cancer cells have an increased demand for glucose uptake and utilisation compared to normal cells. Previous studies have demonstrated the overexpression of GLUTs, mainly GLUT1, in many cancer types. As the current standard positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (2-FDG) for imaging tumour cells via GLUT1 lacks in sensitivity and specificity, it may soon be replaced by the newly designed, highly sensitive and specific SGLT tracer α-methyl-4-(F-18)fluoro-4-deoxy-Dglucopyranoside (Me-4FDG) in clinical detection and tumour staging. This tracer has recently demonstrated the functional activity of SGLT in pancreatic, prostate, and brain cancers. The mRNA and protein expression of SGLTs have also been reported in colon/colorectal, lung, ovarian, head, neck, and oral squamous carcinomas. So far, SGLTs have been poorly investigated in cancer, and their protein expression and localisation are often controversial due to a lack of specific SGLT antibodies. In this review, we describe current knowledge concerning SGLT1 and SGLT2 (over)expression in various cancer types. The findings of SGLTs in malignant cells may help in developing novel cancer therapies with SGLT2 or SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors already used in diabetes mellitus treatment.
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27
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Chuang CY, Tang CM, Ho HY, Hsin CH, Weng CJ, Yang SF, Chen PN, Lin CW. Licochalcone A induces apoptotic cell death via JNK/p38 activation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:853-860. [PMID: 30983163 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Licochalcone A is widely studied in different fields and possesses antiasthmatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. Its antimalignancy activity on renal, liver, lung, and oral cancer has been explored. However, limited studies have been conducted on the inhibitory effects of licochalcone A in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. We determined cell viability using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic cell death were measured via flow cytometry. Caspase activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related proteins in nasopharyngeal cancer cells in response to licochalcone A were identified by Western blot analysis. Results indicated that licochalcone A reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis, as evidenced by the upregulation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, caspase-3 activation, and cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression. Treatment with licochalcone A significantly increases ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 activation. Co-administration of a JNK inhibitor (JNK-IN-8) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580) abolishes the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 protein expression during licochalcone A treatment. These findings indicate that licochalcone A exerts a cytostatic effect through apoptosis by targeting the JNK/p38 pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Therefore, licochalcone A is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Kobayashi M, Uematsu T, Tokura Y, Takei K, Sakamoto K, Narimatsu T, Nukui A, Kamai T. Immunohistochemical expressionof sodium-dependent glucose transporter - 2 (SGLT-2) in clear cell renal carcinoma: possible prognostic implications. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:169-178. [PMID: 30521176 PMCID: PMC6442141 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Glucose is a major energy resource for tumor cell survival and growth, and its influx into cells is mainly carried out by facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs). Sodium - dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) have been highlighted as playing important roles in diabetic treatment. However, their potential roles in cancer remain unclear. We examined expression patterns of SGLTs in tumor tissues together with conventional pathological variables to determine prognostic significance in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: Nephrectomy specimens were obtained from 68 patients. GLUT - 1, - 2 and SGLT - 1, - 2 expression in tumor and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, and intensity was quantified using an image analyzer. Results: The four glucose transporters evaluated were broadly distributed in tumor tissues as well as throughout the normal parenchyma. There was no significant correlation between transporter expression and conventional pathological variables. However, increased SGLT - 2 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p < 0.01), regardless of metastatic status. Conclusions: We propose possible prognostic significance of SGLT - 2 expression in human RCC. Given that glucose is a major energy resource for tumor cells and that glucose transport is largely mediated by SGLT, SGLT - 2 may serve as a possible therapeutic target in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Utsunomiya Memorial Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yuumi Tokura
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kohei Takei
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | - Akinori Nukui
- Department of Urology, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takao Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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29
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Scafoglio CR, Villegas B, Abdelhady G, Bailey ST, Liu J, Shirali AS, Wallace WD, Magyar CE, Grogan TR, Elashoff D, Walser T, Yanagawa J, Aberle DR, Barrio JR, Dubinett SM, Shackelford DB. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaat5933. [PMID: 30429355 PMCID: PMC6428683 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic definition of indeterminate lung nodules as malignant or benign poses a major challenge for clinicians. We discovered a potential marker, the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2), whose activity identified metabolically active lung premalignancy and early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). We found that SGLT2 is expressed early in lung tumorigenesis and is found specifically in premalignant lesions and well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. SGLT2 activity could be detected in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) with the tracer methyl 4-deoxy-4-[18F] fluoro-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (Me4FDG), which specifically detects SGLT activity. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and Me4FDG PET, we identified high expression and functional activity of SGLT2 in lung premalignancy and early-stage/low-grade LADC. Furthermore, selective targeting of SGLT2 with FDA-approved small-molecule inhibitors, the gliflozins, greatly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in autochthonous mouse models and patient-derived xenografts of LADC. Targeting SGLT2 in lung tumors may intercept lung cancer progression at early stages of development by pairing Me4FDG PET imaging with therapy using SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Scafoglio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Brendon Villegas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gihad Abdelhady
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sean T Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aditya S Shirali
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W Dean Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tonya Walser
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Denise R Aberle
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge R Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu X, Qi P, Wang H, Ma Z, Chai Y. MicroRNA-296, a suppressor non-coding RNA, downregulates SGLT2 expression in lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:199-208. [PMID: 30365049 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and has the highest mortality rate in China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in tumorigenesis and their important role in cancer is becoming increasingly apparent. The expression of miR‑296‑5p in particular has been shown to be significantly downregulated in lung cancer. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 [SGLT2, also known as solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2)] is an oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of miR‑296‑5p in lung cancer and whether this involves the targeting of SGLT2. For this purpose, we examined miR‑296‑5p and SGLT2 expression in human lung cancer samples and cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. In addition, the data analysis website TCGA was used for survival analysis with respect to SGLT2 expression. The effects of miR‑296‑5p were also examined on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression using respective assays. The results demonstrate that miR‑296‑5p is significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues. Additionally, it is demonstrated that SGLT2 is directly targeted by miR‑296‑5p. Furthermore, our data reveal that the knockdown of SGLT2 using siRNA inhibits cell proliferation and impedes cell cycle progression. Collectively, data suggest that miR‑296‑5p not only inhibits NSCLC by downregulating SGLT2 expression, but also acts as a novel regulator of aberrant lung cancer cells to limit lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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31
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Taira N, Atsumi E, Nakachi S, Takamatsu R, Yohena T, Kawasaki H, Kawabata T, Yoshimi N. Comparison of GLUT-1, SGLT-1, and SGLT-2 expression in false-negative and true-positive lymph nodes during the 18F-FDG PET/CT mediastinal nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018; 123:30-35. [PMID: 30089592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose integrated with computed tomography (CT), (18F-FDG PET/CT), has recently improved the mediastinal nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), this method can show false negativity. We immunohistochemically investigated the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT-1, SGLT-1, and SGLT-2) in false negative and true positive mediastinal nodes via 18F-FDG PET/CT. METHODS We investigated patients with clinically-diagnosed N0/pathological N2 diseases and patients with clinically-diagnosed N2/pathological N2 disease. The patients who were included in this study were evaluated using 18F-FDG PET/CT followed by surgical resection between January 2004 and December 2015. The expression of GLUT-1, SGLT-1, and SGLT-2 in the metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes, and clinicopathological variables such as primary tumor size, lymph node size, histological type, and SUVmax of the primary lesion, were compared between false negative nodes and true positive nodes. RESULTS The total number of PET false negative metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes was 22 in the 17 patients who were clinical N0/pathological N2, and the number of PET true positives was 15 in the 11 patients who were clinical N2/pathological N2. GLUT-1 expression was positive in five false negative nodes and 10 true positive nodes. SGLT-2 expression was positive in 12 false negative nodes and one true positive node, whereas both false negative and true positive nodes showed no SGLT-1 staining. Univariate analysis showed that the reduced expression of GLUT-1 (P = 0.015), and overexpression of SGLT-2 (P = 0.004) were the significant causative factors for false negative nodes. Multivariate analysis also showed that the reduced expression of GLUT-1 (P = 0.012) and overexpression of SGLT-2 (P = 0.006) were the significant causative factors for false negative nodes. CONCLUSION It suggests that the reduced expression of GLUT-1 and overexpression of SGLT-2 are associated with false-negative lymph node metastases in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Taira
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Eriko Atsumi
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Saori Nakachi
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Reika Takamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yohena
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kawasaki
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawabata
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimi
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Mojica L, Luna-Vital DA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Black bean peptides inhibit glucose uptake in Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the expression and translocation pathway of glucose transporters. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:552-560. [PMID: 29854625 PMCID: PMC5977767 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean protein fractions decreased glucose uptake in colorectal cancer cells. Protein fractions decreased SGLT1 and GLUT2 gene and protein expression and translocation. Black bean protein fractions could be used as anticancer drug adjuvants.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of black bean protein fraction (PFRA), and its derived peptides on glucose uptake, SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression and translocation on Caco-2 cells. The effect of treatments was evaluated on glucose uptake, protein expression and localization and gene expression on Caco-2 cells. PFRA (10 mg/mL) lowered glucose uptake from 27.4% after 30 min to 33.9% after 180 min of treatment compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). All treatments lowered GLUT2 expression after 30 min of treatment compared to untreated control (31.4 to 48.6%, p < 0.05). Similarly, after 24 h of treatment, GLUT2 was decreased in all treatments (23.5% to 48.9%) (p < 0.05). SGLT1 protein expression decreased 18.3% for LSVSVL (100 μM) to 45.1% for PFRA (10 mg/mL) after 24 h. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a decrease in expression and membrane translocation of GLUT2 and SGLT1 for all treatments compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of SLC2A2 (GLUT2) and SLC5A1 (SGLT1) was downregulated significantly up to two-fold change compared to the untreated control after 24 h treatment. Black bean protein fractions are an inexpensive, functional ingredient with significant biological potential to reduce glucose uptake and could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Key Words
- 2-NBDG PubChem CID: 6711157
- 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose
- A, alanine
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- AU, arbitrary units
- BPI, bean protein isolate
- Black bean protein fraction
- Colorectal cancer
- E, glutamic acid
- F, phenylalanine
- GLUT2
- GLUT2, glucose transporter 2
- Glucose uptake
- Glucose: PubChem CID: 10954115
- I:K, lysine
- L, leucine
- N, asparagine
- P FRA, protein fractions
- P, proline
- PHL, phloretin
- PKC, protein kinase C II
- Phloretin: PubChem CID: 4788
- S, serine
- SD, standard deviation
- SGLT1
- SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1
- T, threonine
- V, valine
- WZB117, 3-fluoro-1,2-phenylene bis (3-hydroxybenzoate)
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mojica
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States.,Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., CIATEJ, 44270, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
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Sodium-glucose transporter as a novel therapeutic target in disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:25-31. [PMID: 29329760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary energy fuel of life. A glucose transporter, the sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT), is receiving attention as a novel therapeutic target in disease. This review summarizes the physiological role of SGLT in cerebral ischemia, cancer, cardiac disease, and intestinal ischemia, which has encouraged analysis of SGLT function. In cerebral ischemia and cardiomyopathy, SGLT-1 is involved in worsening of the injury. In addition, SGLT-1 promotes the development of cancer. On the other hand, SGLT-1 has a protective effect against cardiac and intestinal ischemia. Interestingly, SGLT-1 expression levels are increased in some diseased tissue, such as in cerebral ischemia and cancer. This suggests that SGLT-1 may have an important role in many diseases. This review discusses the potential of SGLT as a target for novel therapeutic agents.
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Faillie JL. Pharmacological aspects of the safety of gliflozins. Pharmacol Res 2017; 118:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The Na+-D-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 are targets for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 170:148-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Elliott RH, Matthews VB, Rudnicka C, Schlaich MP. Is it time to think about the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 sympathetically? Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:286-94. [PMID: 26369359 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in glucose homeostasis are a key feature of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Renal glucose reabsorption is an important factor in glycaemic control. Glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules is mediated by the sodium glucose co-transporter 2. The capacity for glucose reabsorption is increased in type 2 diabetes and contributes significantly to hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose control. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the regulation of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 is therefore of high clinical relevance. However, despite recent advances in the field and the availability of pharmacological inhibitors of this glucose transporter for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms that regulate sodium glucose co-transporter 2 expression are not fully understood. The sympathetic nervous system is an important modulator of glucose homeostasis, and sympathetic hyperactivity is a characteristic feature of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Sympathetic inhibition either achieved pharmacologically or by renal sympathetic denervation has been associated with improved glucose control. Importantly, sympathetic nerves innervate the proximal tubules of the kidney where they have been shown to regulate the expression of other transporters such as the sodium hydrogen exchanger 3. This review aims to explore the evidence for the regulation of sodium glucose co-transporter 2-mediated glucose reabsorption by the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary H Elliott
- Dobney Hypertension Centre School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia
| | - Caroline Rudnicka
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Centre, East Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia
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Chemical Approach to Positional Isomers of Glucose-Platinum Conjugates Reveals Specific Cancer Targeting through Glucose-Transporter-Mediated Uptake in Vitro and in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12541-51. [PMID: 27570149 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugation is a promising strategy for specific targeting of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of d-glucose substitution position on the biological activity of glucose-platinum conjugates (Glc-Pts). We synthesized and characterized all possible positional isomers (C1α, C1β, C2, C3, C4, and C6) of a Glc-Pt. The synthetic routes presented here could, in principle, be extended to prepare glucose conjugates with different active ingredients, other than platinum. The biological activities of the compounds were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We discovered that varying the position of substitution of d-glucose alters not only the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity profile but also the GLUT1 specificity of resulting glycoconjugates, where GLUT1 is glucose transporter 1. The C1α- and C2-substituted Glc-Pts (1α and 2) accumulate in cancer cells most efficiently compared to the others, whereas the C3-Glc-Pt (3) is taken up least efficiently. Compounds 1α and 2 are more potent compared to 3 in DU145 cells. The α- and β-anomers of the C1-Glc-Pt also differ significantly in their cellular uptake and activity profiles. No significant differences in uptake of the Glc-Pts were observed in non-cancerous RWPE2 cells. The GLUT1 specificity of the Glc-Pts was evaluated by determining the cellular uptake in the absence and in the presence of the GLUT1 inhibitor cytochalasin B, and by comparing their anticancer activity in DU145 cells and a GLUT1 knockdown cell line. The results reveal that C2-substituted Glc-Pt 2 has the highest GLUT1-specific internalization, which also reflects the best cancer-targeting ability. In a syngeneic breast cancer mouse model overexpressing GLUT1, compound 2 showed antitumor efficacy and selective uptake in tumors with no observable toxicity. This study thus reveals the synthesis of all positional isomers of d-glucose substitution for platinum warheads with detailed glycotargeting characterization in cancer.
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Coady MJ, El Tarazi A, Santer R, Bissonnette P, Sasseville LJ, Calado J, Lussier Y, Dumayne C, Bichet DG, Lapointe JY. MAP17 Is a Necessary Activator of Renal Na+/Glucose Cotransporter SGLT2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:85-93. [PMID: 27288013 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule reabsorbs 90% of the filtered glucose load through the Na+-coupled glucose transporter SGLT2, and specific inhibitors of SGLT2 are now available to patients with diabetes to increase urinary glucose excretion. Using expression cloning, we identified an accessory protein, 17 kDa membrane-associated protein (MAP17), that increased SGLT2 activity in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes by two orders of magnitude. Significant stimulation of SGLT2 activity also occurred in opossum kidney cells cotransfected with SGLT2 and MAP17. Notably, transfection with MAP17 did not change the quantity of SGLT2 protein at the cell surface in either cell type. To confirm the physiologic relevance of the MAP17-SGLT2 interaction, we studied a cohort of 60 individuals with familial renal glucosuria. One patient without any identifiable mutation in the SGLT2 coding gene (SLC5A2) displayed homozygosity for a splicing mutation (c.176+1G>A) in the MAP17 coding gene (PDZK1IP1). In the proximal tubule and in other tissues, MAP17 is known to interact with PDZK1, a scaffolding protein linked to other transporters, including Na+/H+ exchanger 3, and to signaling pathways, such as the A-kinase anchor protein 2/protein kinase A pathway. Thus, these results provide the basis for a more thorough characterization of SGLT2 which would include the possible effects of its inhibition on colocalized renal transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coady
- Physics Department & Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires
| | - Abdulah El Tarazi
- Departement of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, and
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Pierre Bissonnette
- Departement of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, and
| | | | - Joaquim Calado
- Department of Nephrology, ToxOmics, Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yoann Lussier
- Departement of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, and
| | - Christopher Dumayne
- Departement of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, and
| | - Daniel G Bichet
- Departement of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, and.,Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mumcuoglu D, Sardan Ekiz M, Gunay G, Tekinay T, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Cellular Internalization of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides by Peptide Amphiphile Nanofibers and Nanospheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11280-11287. [PMID: 27097153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are promising drug candidates due to the exceptionally high specificity they exhibit toward their target DNA and RNA sequences. However, their poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, in conjunction with problems associated with their internalization by cells, necessitates their delivery through specialized carrier systems for efficient therapy. Here, we investigate the effects of carrier morphology on the cellular internalization mechanisms of oligonucleotides by using self-assembled fibrous or spherical peptide nanostructures. Size and geometry were both found to be important parameters for the oligonucleotide internalization process; direct penetration was determined to be the major mechanism for the internalization of nanosphere carriers, whereas nanofibers were internalized by clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis pathways. We further showed that glucose conjugation to carrier nanosystems improved cellular internalization in cancer cells due to the enhanced glucose metabolism associated with oncogenesis, and the internalization of the glucose-conjugated peptide/oligonucleotide complexes was found to be dependent on glucose transporters present on the surface of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Mumcuoglu
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Melis Sardan Ekiz
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Gunay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
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SGLT1 activity in lung alveolar cells of diabetic rats modulates airway surface liquid glucose concentration and bacterial proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21752. [PMID: 26902517 PMCID: PMC4763199 DOI: 10.1038/srep21752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose concentration in the airway surface liquid (ASL) is an important feature of diabetes that predisposes to respiratory infections. We investigated the role of alveolar epithelial SGLT1 activity on ASL glucose concentration and bacterial proliferation. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats were intranasally treated with saline, isoproterenol (to increase SGLT1 activity) or phlorizin (to decrease SGLT1 activity); 2 hours later, glucose concentration and bacterial proliferation (methicillin-resistant Sthaphylococcus aureus, MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa) were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); and alveolar SGLT1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. BAL glucose concentration and bacterial proliferation increased in diabetic animals: isoproterenol stimulated SGLT1 migration to luminal membrane, and reduced (50%) the BAL glucose concentration; whereas phlorizin increased the BAL glucose concentration (100%). These regulations were accompanied by parallel changes of in vitro MRSA and P. aeruginosa proliferation in BAL (r = 0.9651 and r = 0.9613, respectively, Pearson correlation). The same regulations were observed in in vivo P. aeruginosa proliferation. In summary, the results indicate a relationship among SGLT1 activity, ASL glucose concentration and pulmonary bacterial proliferation. Besides, the study highlights that, in situations of pulmonary infection risk, such as in diabetic subjects, increased SGLT1 activity may prevent bacterial proliferation whereas decreased SGLT1 activity can exacerbate it.
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Patra M, Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. A Potent Glucose-Platinum Conjugate Exploits Glucose Transporters and Preferentially Accumulates in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2550-4. [PMID: 26749149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three rationally designed glucose-platinum conjugates (Glc-Pts) were synthesized and their biological activities evaluated. The Glc-Pts, 1-3, exhibit high levels of cytotoxicity toward a panel of cancer cells. The subcellular target and cellular uptake mechanism of the Glc-Pts were elucidated. For uptake into cells, Glc-Pt 1 exploits both glucose and organic cation transporters, both widely overexpressed in cancer. Compound 1 preferentially accumulates in and annihilates cancer, compared to normal epithelial, cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Patra M, Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. A Potent Glucose-Platinum Conjugate Exploits Glucose Transporters and Preferentially Accumulates in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Cossu-Rocca P, Muroni MR, Sanges F, Sotgiu G, Asunis A, Tanca L, Onnis D, Pira G, Manca A, Dore S, Uras MG, Ena S, De Miglio MR. EGFR kinase-dependent and kinase-independent roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 6:71-83. [PMID: 27073724 PMCID: PMC4759398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with progression of many epithelial malignancies and represents a significant therapeutic target. Although clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) has been widely investigated for EGFR molecular alterations, genetic evidences of EGFR gene activating mutations and/or gene amplification have been rarely confirmed in the literature. Therefore, until now EGFR-targeted therapies in clinical trials have been demonstrated unsuccessful. New evidence has been given about the interactions between EGFR and the sodium glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) in maintaining the glucose basal intracellular level to favour cancer cell growth and survival; thus a new functional role may be attributed to EGFR, regardless of its kinase activity. To define the role of EGFR in CCRCC an extensive investigation of genetic changes and functional kinase activities was performed in a series of tumors by analyzing the EGFR mutational status and expression profile, together with the protein expression of downstream signaling pathways members. Furthermore, we investigated the co-expression of EGFR and SGLT1 proteins and their relationships with clinic-pathological features in CCRCC. EGFR protein expression was identified in 98.4% of CCRCC. Furthermore, it was described for the first time that SGLT1 is overexpressed in CCRCC (80.9%), and that co-expression with EGFR is appreciable in 79.4% of the tumours. Moreover, the activation of downstream EGFR pathways was found in about 79.4% of SGLT1-positive CCRCCs. The mutational status analysis of EGFR failed to demonstrate mutations on exons 18 to 24 and the presence of EGFR-variantIII (EGFRvIII) in all CCRCCs analyzed. FISH analysis revealed absence of EGFR amplification, and high polysomy of chromosome 7. Finally, the EGFR gene expression profile showed gene overexpression in 38.2% of CCRCCs. Our study contributes to define the complexity of EGFR role in CCRCC, identifying its bivalent kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions, both potentially involved in CCRCC progression. These results might have important implications on therapeutic approaches to CCRCC, since the disruption of the interaction between EGFR/SGLT1, mediated by anti-EGFR antibodies and/or SGLT1 inhibitors, might constitute a novel therapeutic target for CCRCC treatment, and new clinical trials should be evaluated on the basis of this therapeutic proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cossu-Rocca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of SassariSassari, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Surgical Pathology Unit, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital, ASL OlbiaOlbia, Italy
| | - Maria R Muroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanges
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Anna Asunis
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera BrotzuCagliari, Italy
| | - Luciana Tanca
- Department of Oncology, “A. Businco” Oncologic Hospital, ASL CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Onnis
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera BrotzuCagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | | | - Simone Dore
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Maria G Uras
- Department of Pathology, AOU SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Sara Ena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Maria R De Miglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of SassariSassari, Italy
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Huber SM, Butz L, Stegen B, Klumpp L, Klumpp D, Eckert F. Role of ion channels in ionizing radiation-induced cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2657-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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A novel class I histone deacetylase inhibitor, I-7ab, induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle progression in human colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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L-methionase: a therapeutic enzyme to treat malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:506287. [PMID: 25250324 PMCID: PMC4164312 DOI: 10.1155/2014/506287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. L-methionase has potential application against many types of cancers. L-Methionase is an intracellular enzyme in bacterial species, an extracellular enzyme in fungi, and absent in mammals. L-Methionase producing bacterial strain(s) can be isolated by 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a screening dye. L-Methionine plays an important role in tumour cells. These cells become methionine dependent and eventually follow apoptosis due to methionine limitation in cancer cells. L-Methionine also plays an indispensable role in gene activation and inactivation due to hypermethylation and/or hypomethylation. Membrane transporters such as GLUT1 and ion channels like Na2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl− become overexpressed. Further, the α-subunit of ATP synthase plays a role in cancer cells growth and development by providing them enhanced nutritional requirements. Currently, selenomethionine is also used as a prodrug in cancer therapy along with enzyme methionase that converts prodrug into active toxic chemical(s) that causes death of cancerous cells/tissue. More recently, fusion protein (FP) consisting of L-methionase linked to annexin-V has been used in cancer therapy. The fusion proteins have advantage that they have specificity only for cancer cells and do not harm the normal cells.
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Lin HW, Tseng CH. A Review on the Relationship between SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:719578. [PMID: 25254045 PMCID: PMC4164126 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk of increasing breast and bladder cancer remains a safety issue of SGLT2 (sodium glucose cotransporter type 2) inhibitors, a novel class of antidiabetic agent. We reviewed related papers published before January 29, 2014, through Pubmed search. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin are the first two approved SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes therapy. Although preclinical animal toxicology did not suggest a cancer risk of dapagliflozin and overall tumor did not increase, excess numbers of female breast cancer and male bladder cancer were noted in preclinical trials (without statistical significance). This concern of cancer risk hindered its approval by the US FDA in January, 2012. New clinical data suggested that the imbalance of bladder and breast cancer might be due to early diagnosis rather than a real increase of cancer incidence. No increased risk of overall bladder or breast cancer was noted for canagliflozin. Therefore, the imbalance observed with dapagliflozin treatment should not be considered as a class effect of SGLT2 inhibitors and the relationship with cancer for each specific SGLT2 inhibitor should be examined individually. Relationship between SGLT2 inhibition and cancer formation is still inconclusive and studies with larger sample size, longer exposure duration, and different ethnicities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- *Chin-Hsiao Tseng:
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Huber SM, Butz L, Stegen B, Klumpp D, Braun N, Ruth P, Eckert F. Ionizing radiation, ion transports, and radioresistance of cancer cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:212. [PMID: 23966948 PMCID: PMC3743404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment of many tumor entities comprises fractionated radiation therapy which applies ionizing radiation to the tumor-bearing target volume. Ionizing radiation causes double-strand breaks in the DNA backbone that result in cell death if the number of DNA double-strand breaks exceeds the DNA repair capacity of the tumor cell. Ionizing radiation reportedly does not only act on the DNA in the nucleus but also on the plasma membrane. In particular, ionizing radiation-induced modifications of ion channels and transporters have been reported. Importantly, these altered transports seem to contribute to the survival of the irradiated tumor cells. The present review article summarizes our current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms and introduces strategies to radiosensitize tumor cells by targeting plasma membrane ion transports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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49
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Elvira B, Honisch S, Almilaji A, Pakladok T, Liu G, Shumilina E, Alesutan I, Yang W, Munoz C, Lang F. Up-regulation of Na(+)-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 by caveolin-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2394-8. [PMID: 23774524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Na(+)-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 (SLC5A1) accomplishes concentrative cellular glucose uptake even at low extracellular glucose concentrations. The carrier is expressed in renal proximal tubules, small intestine and a variety of nonpolarized cells including several tumor cells. The present study explored whether SGLT1 activity is regulated by caveolin-1, which is known to regulate the insertion of several ion channels and carriers in the cell membrane. To this end, SGLT1 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of caveolin-1 and electrogenic glucose transport determined by dual electrode voltage clamp experiments. In SGLT1-expressing oocytes, but not in oocytes injected with water or caveolin-1 alone, the addition of glucose to the extracellular bath generated an inward current (Ig), which was increased following coexpression of caveolin-1. Kinetic analysis revealed that caveolin-1 increased maximal Ig without significantly modifying the glucose concentration required to trigger half maximal Ig (KM). According to chemiluminescence and confocal microscopy, caveolin-1 increased SGLT1 protein abundance in the cell membrane. Inhibition of SGLT1 insertion by brefeldin A (5μM) resulted in a decline of Ig, which was similar in the absence and presence of caveolin-1. In conclusion, caveolin-1 up-regulates SGLT1 activity by increasing carrier protein abundance in the cell membrane, an effect presumably due to stimulation of carrier protein insertion into the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Elvira
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Cangoz S, Chang YY, Chempakaseril SJ, Guduru RC, Huynh LM, John JS, John ST, Joseph ME, Judge R, Kimmey R, Kudratov K, Lee PJ, Madhani IC, Shim PJ, Singh S, Singh S, Ruchalski C, Raffa RB. The kidney as a new target for antidiabetic drugs: SGLT2 inhibitors. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013; 38:350-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cangoz
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Y.-Y. Chang
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | - R. C. Guduru
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - L. M. Huynh
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. S. John
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - S. T. John
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. E. Joseph
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - R. Judge
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - R. Kimmey
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - K. Kudratov
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - P. J. Lee
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - I. C. Madhani
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - P. J. Shim
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - S. Singh
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - S. Singh
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - C. Ruchalski
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - R. B. Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
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