1
|
Yang G, Zhou X, Chen S, Liu A, Liu L, Wang H, Wang Q, Lan X. Effects of Heat Stress and Lipopolysaccharides on Gene Expression in Chicken Immune Cells. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:532. [PMID: 38396502 PMCID: PMC10886138 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures and humidity can trigger heat stress in animals, leading to subsequent immune suppression. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) act as upstream regulators closely linked to heat stress, contributing to their immunosuppressive effects. After an initial examination of transcriptome sequencing data from individual samples, 48 genes displaying interactions were found to potentially be associated with heat stress. Subsequently, to delve deeper into this association, we gathered chicken bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). We combined heat stress with lipopolysaccharides and utilized a 48 × 48 Fluidigm IFC quantitative microarray to analyze the patterns of gene changes under various treatment conditions. The results of the study revealed that the combination of heat stress and LPSs in a coinfection led to reduced expressions of CRHR1, MEOX1, and MOV10L1. These differentially expressed genes triggered a pro-inflammatory response within cells via the MAPK and IL-17 signaling pathways. This response, in turn, affected the intensity and duration of inflammation when experiencing synergistic stimulation. Therefore, LPSs exacerbate the immunosuppressive effects of heat stress and prolong cellular adaptation to stress. The combination of heat stress and LPS stimulation induced a cellular inflammatory response through pathways involving cAMP, IL-17, MAPK, and others, consequently leading to decreased expression levels of CRHR1, MEOX1, and MOV10L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Shutao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Anfang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qigui Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee CE, Raduka A, Gao N, Hussain A, Rezaee F. 8-Bromo-cAMP attenuates human airway epithelial barrier disruption caused by titanium dioxide fine and nanoparticles. Tissue Barriers 2024:2300579. [PMID: 38166590 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide fine particles (TiO2-FPs) and nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are the most widely used whitening pigments worldwide. Inhalation of TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs can be harmful as it triggers toxicity in the airway epithelial cells. The airway epithelium serves as the respiratory system's first line of defense in which airway epithelial cells are significant targets of inhaled pathogens and environmental particles. Our group previously found that TiO2-NPs lead to a disrupted barrier in the polarized airway epithelial cells. However, the effect of TiO2-FPs on the respiratory epithelial barrier has not been examined closely. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs on the structure and function of the airway epithelial barrier. Additionally, we hypothesized that 8-Bromo-cAMP, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) derivative, would alleviate the disruptive effects of both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs. We observed increased epithelial membrane permeability in both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs after exposure to 16HBE cells. Immunofluorescent labeling showed that both particle sizes disrupted the structural integrity of airway epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. TiO2-FPs had a slightly more, but insignificant impact on the epithelial barrier disruption than TiO2-NPs. Treatment with 8-Bromo-cAMP significantly attenuated the barrier-disrupting impact of both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs on cell monolayers. Our study demonstrates that both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs cause comparable barrier disruption and suggests a protective role for cAMP signaling. The observed effects of TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs provide a necessary understanding for characterizing the pathways involved in the defensive role of the cAMP pathway on TiO2-induced airway barrier disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aabid Hussain
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang XJ, Han XW, Jiang YH, Wang YL, He XL, Liu DH, Huang J, Liu HH, Ye TC, Li SJ, Li ZR, Dong XM, Wu HY, Long WJ, Ni SH, Lu L, Yang ZQ. Impact of inflammation and anti-inflammatory modalities on diabetic cardiomyopathy healing: From fundamental research to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110747. [PMID: 37586299 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, treatment options for DCM remain limited. For decades, a substantial body of evidence has suggested that the inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of DCM. Notably, DCM is closely associated with alterations in inflammatory cells, exerting direct effects on major resident cells such as cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. These cellular changes subsequently contribute to the development of DCM. This article comprehensively analyzes cellular, animal, and human studies to summarize the latest insights into the impact of inflammation on DCM. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic effects of current anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of DCM are also taken into consideration. The ultimate goal of this work is to consolidate the existing literature on the inflammatory processes underlying DCM, providing clinicians with the necessary knowledge and tools to adopt a more efficient and evidence-based approach to managing this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Ya-Le Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China
| | - Xing-Ling He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Dong-Hua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Jie Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hao-Hui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Tao-Chun Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Si-Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Zi-Ru Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Shi-Hao Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cyclic-AMP Increases Nuclear Actin Monomer Which Promotes Proteasomal Degradation of RelA/p65 Leading to Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091414. [PMID: 35563720 PMCID: PMC9101168 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger, cAMP has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. These have been attributed, in part, to the ability of cAMP-induced signals to interfere with the function of the proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB). However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of NF-κB activity by cAMP remain unclear. Here we demonstrate an important role for cAMP-mediated increase in nuclear actin monomer levels in inhibiting NF-κB activity. Elevated cAMP or forced expression of a nuclear localised polymerisation defective actin mutant (NLS-ActinR62D) inhibited basal and TNFα induced mRNA levels of NF-κB-dependent genes and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene activity. Elevated cAMP or NLS-ActinR62D did not affect NF-κB nuclear translocation but did reduce total cellular and nuclear RelA/p65 levels. Preventing the cAMP-induced increase in nuclear actin monomer, either by expressing a nuclear localised active mutant of the actin polymerising protein mDIA, silencing components of the nuclear actin import complex IPO9 and CFL1 or overexpressing the nuclear export complex XPO6, rescued RelA/p65 levels and NF-κB reporter gene activity in forskolin-stimulated cells. Elevated cAMP or NLS-ActinR62D reduced the half-life of RelA/p65, which was reversed by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Accordingly, forskolin stimulated association of RelA/p65 with ubiquitin affinity beads, indicating increased ubiquitination of RelA/p65 or associated proteins. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of cAMP and highlight the important role played by nuclear actin in the regulation of inflammation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Antwi S, Oduro-Mensah D, Asiedu-Larbi J, Oduro-Mensah E, Quasie O, Lewis C, Darko-Obiri D, Ocloo A, Okine LK. Prophylactic or therapeutic administration of Holarrhena floribunda hydro ethanol extract suppresses complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 35248062 PMCID: PMC8897772 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A hydro ethanol extract of the stem bark of Holarrhena floribunda (HFE) has been shown to be effective in the management of acute inflammation. This study was to evaluate usefulness of the extract for the management of chronic inflammation in a murine model. Methods Arthritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant. Anti-arthritic effect of the extract was evaluated in prophylactic and therapeutic treatment models at doses of 50, 200 and 500 mg/kg. Parameters assessed included oedema, serology of inflammatory response, bone tissue histology and haematology. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test. Results HFE at 50–500 mg/kg dose-dependently [P ≥ 0.0354 (prophylactic) and P ≥ 0.0001 (therapeutic) inhibited swelling of the injected paw upon prophylactic [≤ 81.26% (P < 0.0001) or therapeutic [≤ 67.92% (P < 0.01) administration — and prevented spread of arthritis to the contralateral paw. The inflammation alleviation activity was further demonstrated by decrease in arthritis score, radiologic score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. HFE at all doses significantly reduced serum interleukin (IL)-1α (P < 0.0197), and 500 mg/kg HFE reduced IL-6 (P = 0.0032). In contrast, serum concentrations of IL-10, protein kinase A and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were enhanced (P ≤ 0.0436). HFE consistently showed better prophylactic than therapeutic activity. Conclusion HFE strongly suppressed Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis and modulated regulators of inflammation, including IL-1α, − 6 and − 10. Taken together, the data suggest that HFE has potential for use as an agent for modulation of the inflammatory response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-022-00301-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Antwi
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Oduro-Mensah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana. .,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Jerry Asiedu-Larbi
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
| | | | - Olga Quasie
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Clara Lewis
- Clinical Research Department, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
| | - David Darko-Obiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustine Ocloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Laud Kenneth Okine
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bergantin LB. The Interactions among Hypertension, Cancer, and COVID-19: Perspectives from Ca2+/cAMP Signalling. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:351-360. [PMID: 35168520 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220215143805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothesis that hypertension is clinically associated with an enhanced risk for developing cancer has been highlighted. However, the working principles involved in this link are still under intensive discussion. A correlation among inflammation, hypertension, and cancer could accurately describe the clinical link between these diseases. In addition, a dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ has been considered as a topic involved in both cancer and hypertension and inflammation. There is a strong link between Ca2+ signalling, e.g. enhanced Ca2+ signals, and inflammatory outcomes. cAMP also modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory outcomes: pharmaceuticals, which increase intracellular cAMP levels, can decrease the production of proinflammatory mediators and enhance the production of anti-inflammatory outcomes. OBJECTIVE This article has discussed the participation of Ca2+/cAMP signalling in the clinical association among inflammation, hypertension, and an enhanced risk for the development of cancer. In addition, considering coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving field, this article also reviews recent reports about the role of Ca2+ channel blockers for restoring Ca2+ signalling disruption due to COVID-19, including the relationship among COVID-19, cancer, and hypertension. CONCLUSION Understanding the association among these diseases could expand current pharmacotherapy, including that involving Ca2+ channel blockers and pharmaceuticals which rise cAMP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Bueno Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology - Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - 55 11 5576-4973, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keskin H, Tavaci T, Halici H, Yuksel TN, Ozkaraca M, Bilen A, Kose D, Mendil AS, Halici Z. Early administration of milrinone ameliorates lung and kidney injury during sepsis in juvenile rats. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14917. [PMID: 34242458 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sepsis model was created, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), in juvenile rat groups. Milrinone (MIL), which is known to have a modulatory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines, was administered to the designated rat groups in the early period before severe sepsis developed. The study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of milrinone on the lung and kidney tissues of rats in the late phase of sepsis. METHODS The rat pups were divided into seven groups with six animals in each group: (1) healthy rats who received no drug; (2) CLP-S12 (sacrificed at hour 12); (3) CLP-S24 (sacrificed at hour 24); (4) CLP-MIL1-S12 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 1 and sacrificed at hour 12); (5) CLP-MIL1-S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 1 and sacrificed at hour 24): (6) CLP-MIL12-S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 12 and sacrificed at hour 24), (7) and CLP-MIL1,12-S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hours 1 and 12 and sacrificed at hour 24). RESULTS Significant differences were found between the early and late administration of milrinone in terms of both molecular and histopathological results. The results showed that the tissues were significantly preserved in the groups in which milrinone had been started in the early period compared to the sepsis control groups and the groups in which milrinone had been started in the late period. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the positive inotropic effects of milrinone, its immunomodulatory properties that result in decreased cytokine storm can be beneficial during early period of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Keskin
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Taha Tavaci
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamza Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tugba Nurcan Yuksel
- Department of Pharmacology, Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Arzu Bilen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.,Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thapa K, Singh TG, Kaur A. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 282:119843. [PMID: 34298037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurs in renal artery stenosis, partial nephrectomy and most commonly during kidney transplantation. It brings serious consequences such as DGF (Delayed Graft Function) or organ dysfunction leading to renal failure and ultimate death. There is no effective therapy to handle the consequences of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP are the important second messengers that stimulate intracellular signal transduction for cell survival in response to growth factors and peptide hormones in normal tissues and in kidneys plays significant role that involves vascular tone regulation, inflammation and proliferation of parenchymal cells. Renal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury stimulate signal transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, alteration in renal blood flow leading to necrosis and apoptosis of renal cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out. To understand the functioning of Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and its pharmacological modulation in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to treat renal I/R injury in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the general characteristics and physiology of PDEs and preclinical-studies defining the relationship between PDEs expression in renal injury due to I/R and its outcome on renal function. SIGNIFICANCE The role of PDE inhibitors in renal I/R injury and the clinical status of drugs for various renal diseases have been summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sholokh A, Klussmann E. Local cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling cascades-Roles and targets in chronic kidney disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13641. [PMID: 33660401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood and treatment options are limited, a situation underpinning the need for elucidating the causative molecular mechanisms and for identifying innovative treatment options. It is emerging that cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling occurs in defined cellular compartments within nanometre dimensions in processes whose dysregulation is associated with CKD. cAMP compartmentalization is tightly controlled by a specific set of proteins, including A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). AKAPs such as AKAP18, AKAP220, AKAP-Lbc and STUB1, and PDE4 coordinate arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-induced water reabsorption by collecting duct principal cells. However, hyperactivation of the AVP system is associated with kidney damage and CKD. Podocyte injury involves aberrant AKAP signalling. cAMP signalling in immune cells can be local and slow the progression of inflammatory processes typical for CKD. A major risk factor of CKD is hypertension. cAMP directs the release of the blood pressure regulator, renin, from juxtaglomerular cells, and plays a role in Na+ reabsorption through ENaC, NKCC2 and NCC in the kidney. Mutations in the cAMP hydrolysing PDE3A that cause lowering of cAMP lead to hypertension. Another major risk factor of CKD is diabetes mellitus. AKAP18 and AKAP150 and several PDEs are involved in insulin release. Despite the increasing amount of data, an understanding of functions of compartmentalized cAMP signalling with relevance for CKD is fragmentary. Uncovering functions will improve the understanding of physiological processes and identification of disease-relevant aberrations may guide towards new therapeutic concepts for the treatment of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sholokh
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dini I, Falanga D, Di Lorenzo R, Tito A, Carotenuto G, Zappelli C, Grumetto L, Sacchi A, Laneri S, Apone F. An Extract from Ficus carica Cell Cultures Works as an Anti-Stress Ingredient for the Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:515. [PMID: 33806157 PMCID: PMC8064501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress activates catecholamine production, determines oxidation processes, and alters the lipid barrier functions in the skin. Scientific evidence associated with the detoxifying effect of fruits and vegetables, the growing awareness of the long-term issues related to the use of chemical-filled cosmetics, the aging of the population, and the increase in living standards are the factors responsible for the growth of food-derived ingredients in the cosmetics market. A Ficus carica cell suspension culture extract (FcHEx) was tested in vitro (on keratinocytes cells) and in vivo to evaluate its ability to manage the stress-hormone-induced damage in skin. The FcHEx reduced the epinephrine (-43% and -24% at the concentrations of 0.002% and 0.006%, respectively), interleukin 6 (-38% and -36% at the concentrations of 0.002% and 0.006%, respectively), lipid peroxide (-25%), and protein carbonylation (-50%) productions; FcHEx also induced ceramide synthesis (+150%) and ameliorated the lipid barrier performance. The in vivo experiments confirmed the in vitro test results. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL; -12.2%), sebum flow (-46.6% after two weeks and -73.8% after four weeks; on the forehead -56.4% after two weeks and -80.1% after four weeks), and skin lightness (+1.9% after two weeks and +2.7% after four weeks) defined the extract's effects on the skin barrier. The extract of the Ficus carica cell suspension cultures reduced the transepidermal water loss, the sebum production, the desquamation, and facial skin turning to a pale color from acute stress, suggesting its role as an ingredient to fight the signs of psychological stress in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Danila Falanga
- Arterra Bioscience SpA, Via Benedetto Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy; (D.F.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Ritamaria Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Annalisa Tito
- Arterra Bioscience SpA, Via Benedetto Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy; (D.F.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Arterra Bioscience SpA, Via Benedetto Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy; (D.F.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (F.A.)
| | | | - Lucia Grumetto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonia Sacchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabio Apone
- Arterra Bioscience SpA, Via Benedetto Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy; (D.F.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (F.A.)
- Vitalab Srl, Via Benedetto Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shannon CP, Blimkie TM, Ben-Othman R, Gladish N, Amenyogbe N, Drissler S, Edgar RD, Chan Q, Krajden M, Foster LJ, Kobor MS, Mohn WW, Brinkman RR, Le Cao KA, Scheuermann RH, Tebbutt SJ, Hancock RE, Koff WC, Kollmann TR, Sadarangani M, Lee AHY. Multi-Omic Data Integration Allows Baseline Immune Signatures to Predict Hepatitis B Vaccine Response in a Small Cohort. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578801. [PMID: 33329547 PMCID: PMC7734088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination remains one of the most effective means of reducing the burden of infectious diseases globally. Improving our understanding of the molecular basis for effective vaccine response is of paramount importance if we are to ensure the success of future vaccine development efforts. Methods We applied cutting edge multi-omics approaches to extensively characterize temporal molecular responses following vaccination with hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. Data were integrated across cellular, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and fecal microbiome profiles, and correlated to final HBV antibody titres. Results Using both an unsupervised molecular-interaction network integration method (NetworkAnalyst) and a data-driven integration approach (DIABLO), we uncovered baseline molecular patterns and pathways associated with more effective vaccine responses to HBV. Biological associations were unravelled, with signalling pathways such as JAK-STAT and interleukin signalling, Toll-like receptor cascades, interferon signalling, and Th17 cell differentiation emerging as important pre-vaccination modulators of response. Conclusion This study provides further evidence that baseline cellular and molecular characteristics of an individual's immune system influence vaccine responses, and highlights the utility of integrating information across many parallel molecular datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey P. Shannon
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Travis M. Blimkie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nicole Gladish
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sibyl Drissler
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel D. Edgar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W. Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan R. Brinkman
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kim-Anh Le Cao
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Scott J. Tebbutt
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E.W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Huei-Yi Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rehman NU, Ansari MN, Samad A. In Silico, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies of Roflumilast as a Potential Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic agent: Inhibition of the PDE-4 Enzyme and Voltage-gated Ca++ ion Channels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25041008. [PMID: 32102361 PMCID: PMC7070291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible gut inhibitory role of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor roflumilast. Increasing doses of roflumilast were tested against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, whereas the pharmacodynamics of the same effect was determined in isolated rabbit jejunum tissues. For in silico analysis, the identified PDE protein was docked with roflumilast and papaverine using the Autodock vina program from the PyRx virtual screening tool. Roflumilast protected against diarrhea significantly at 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg doses, with 40% and 80% protection. Ex vivo findings from jejunum tissues show that roflumilast possesses an antispasmodic effect by inhibiting spontaneous contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Roflumilast reversed carbachol (CCh, 1 µM)-mediated and potassium (K+, 80 mM)-mediated contractile responses with comparable efficacies but different potencies. The observed potency against K+ was significantly higher in comparison to CCh, similar to verapamil. Experiments were extended to further confirm the inhibitory effect on Ca++ channels. Interestingly, roflumilast deflected Ca++ concentration–response curves (CRCs) to the right with suppression of the maximum peak at both tested doses (0.001-0.003 mg/mL), similar to verapamil. The PDE-inhibitory effect was authenticated when pre-incubation of jejunum tissues with roflumilast (0.03-0.1 mg/mL) produced a leftward deflection of isoprenaline-mediated inhibitory CRCs and increased the tissue level of cAMP, similar to papaverine. This idea was further strengthened by molecular docking studies, where roflumilast exhibited a better binding affinity (-9.4 kcal/mol) with the PDE protein than the standard papaverine (-8.3 kcal/mol). In conclusion, inhibition of Ca++ channels and the PDE-4 enzyme explains the pharmacodynamics of the gut inhibitory effect of roflumilast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (M.N.A.); Tel.: +966 11 5886035 (N.U.R.); +966 11 5886037 (M.N.A.)
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (M.N.A.); Tel.: +966 11 5886035 (N.U.R.); +966 11 5886037 (M.N.A.)
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Richard SA. EPAC2: A new and promising protein for glioma pathogenesis and therapy. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:446. [PMID: 32395202 PMCID: PMC7204831 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are prime brain cancers which are initiated by malignant modification of neural stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated glial cells such as astrocyte, oligodendrocyte as well as ependymal cells. Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP)-determined signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP-intermediated signaling events were utilized to transduce protein kinase A (PKA) leading to the detection of EPACs or cAMP-guanine exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). EPACs have been detected as crucial proteins associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as numerous human diseases. EPAC proteins have two isoforms. These isoforms are EPAC1 and EPAC2. EPAC2 also known as Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (RAPGEF4) is generally expression in all neurites. Higher EAPC2 levels was detected in the cortex, hippocampus as well as striatum of adult mouse brain. Activation as well as over-secretion of EPAC2 triggers apoptosis in neurons and EPAC-triggered apoptosis was intermediated via the modulation of Bcl-2 interacting member protein (BIM). EPAC2 secretory levels has proven to be more in low-grade clinical glioma than high-grade clinical glioma. This review therefore explores the effects of EPAC2/RAPGEF4 on the pathogenesis of glioma instead of EPAC1 because EPAC2 and not EPAC1 is predominately expressed in the brain. Therefore, EPAC2 is most likely to modulate glioma pathogenesis rather than EPAC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, Ho, Ghana, West Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Filardi T, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A, Tanzilli G, Morano S, Lenzi A, Basili S, Crescioli C. Cardiomyopathy Associated with Diabetes: The Central Role of the Cardiomyocyte. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133299. [PMID: 31284374 PMCID: PMC6651183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) labels an abnormal cardiac structure and performance due to intrinsic heart muscle malfunction, independently of other vascular co-morbidity. DCM, accounting for 50%–80% of deaths in diabetic patients, represents a worldwide problem for human health and related economics. Optimal glycemic control is not sufficient to prevent DCM, which derives from heart remodeling and geometrical changes, with both consequences of critical events initially occurring at the cardiomyocyte level. Cardiac cells, under hyperglycemia, very early undergo metabolic abnormalities and contribute to T helper (Th)-driven inflammatory perturbation, behaving as immunoactive units capable of releasing critical biomediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. This paper aims to focus onto the role of cardiomyocytes, no longer considered as “passive” targets but as “active” units participating in the inflammatory dialogue between local and systemic counterparts underlying DCM development and maintenance. Some of the main biomolecular/metabolic/inflammatory processes triggered within cardiac cells by high glucose are overviewed; particular attention is addressed to early inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, representing potential therapeutic targets for a prompt early intervention when no signs or symptoms of DCM are manifesting yet. DCM clinical management still represents a challenge and further translational investigations, including studies at female/male cell level, are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaetano Tanzilli
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza L. de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giannattasio S, Corinaldesi C, Colletti M, Di Luigi L, Antinozzi C, Filardi T, Scolletta S, Basili S, Lenzi A, Morano S, Crescioli C. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil decreases the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 in diabetic cardiomyopathy: in vivo and in vitro evidence. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:715-725. [PMID: 30415310 PMCID: PMC6531405 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-8 is a proinflammatory C-X-C chemokine involved in inflammation underling cardiac diseases, primary or in comorbid condition, such diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil can ameliorate cardiac conditions by counteracting inflammation. The study aim is to evaluate the effect of sildenafil on serum IL-8 in DCM subjects vs. placebo, and on IL-8 release in human endothelial cells (Hfaec) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) under inflammatory stimuli. METHODS IL-8 was quantified: in sera of (30) DCM subjects before (baseline) and after sildenafil (100 mg/day, 3-months) vs. (16) placebo and (15) healthy subjects, by multiplatform array; in supernatants from inflammation-challenged cells after sildenafil (1 µM), by ELISA. RESULTS Baseline IL-8 was higher in DCM vs. healthy subjects (149.14 ± 46.89 vs. 16.17 ± 5.38 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Sildenafil, not placebo, significantly reduced serum IL-8 (23.7 ± 5.9 pg/ml, p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for IL-8 was 0.945 (95% confidence interval of 0.772 to 1.0, p < 0.01), showing good capacity of discriminating the response in terms of drug-induced IL-8 decrease (sensitivity of 0.93, specificity of 0.90). Sildenafil significantly decreased IL-8 protein release by inflammation-induced Hfaec and PBMC and downregulated IL-8 mRNA in PBMC, without affecting cell number or PDE5 expression. CONCLUSION Sildenafil might be suggested as potential novel pharmacological tool to control DCM progression through IL-8 targeting at systemic and cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Giannattasio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - C Corinaldesi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, University of Columbia, New York, USA
| | - M Colletti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - L Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - C Antinozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - T Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Scolletta
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Basili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guttman‐Yassky E, Hanifin JM, Boguniewicz M, Wollenberg A, Bissonnette R, Purohit V, Kilty I, Tallman AM, Zielinski MA. The role of phosphodiesterase 4 in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis and the perspective for its inhibition. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:3-10. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of DermatologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York
| | - Jon M. Hanifin
- Department of DermatologyOregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon
| | | | - Andreas Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyLudwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li HM, Jang JH, Jung JS, Shin J, Park CO, Kim YJ, Ahn WG, Nam JS, Hong CW, Lee J, Jung YJ, Chen JF, Ravid K, Lee HT, Huh WK, Kabarowski JH, Song DK. G2A Protects Mice against Sepsis by Modulating Kupffer Cell Activation: Cooperativity with Adenosine Receptor 2b. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:527-538. [PMID: 30530591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
G2A is a GPCR abundantly expressed in immune cells. G2A-/- mice showed higher lethality, higher plasma cytokines, and an impaired bacterial clearance in response to a murine model of sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture), which were blocked by GdCl3, an inhibitor of Kupffer cells. Anti-IL-10 Ab reversed the impaired bacterial clearance in G2A-/- mice. Indomethacin effectively blocked both the increased i.p. IL-10 levels and the impaired bacterial clearance, indicating that disturbed PG system is the proximal cause of these phenomena. Stimulation with LPS/C5a induced an increase in Escherichia coli phagocytosis and intracellular cAMP levels in G2A+/+ peritoneal macrophages but not G2A-/- cells, which showed more PGE2/nitrite release and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Heterologous coexpression of G2A and adenosine receptor type 2b (A2bAR) induced a synergistic increase in cAMP signaling in a ligand-independent manner, with the evidence of physical interaction of G2A with A2bAR. BAY 60-6583, a specific agonist for A2bAR, increased intracellular cAMP levels in Kupffer cells from G2A+/+ but not from G2A-/- mice. Both G2A and A2bAR were required for antiseptic action of lysophosphatidylcholine. These results show inappropriate activation of G2A-/- Kupffer cells to septic insults due to an impaired cAMP signaling possibly by lack of interaction with A2bAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul O Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ja Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gyun Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Suk Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Katya Ravid
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Janusz H Kabarowski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murgia A, Hinz C, Liggi S, Denes J, Hall Z, West J, Santoru ML, Piras C, Manis C, Usai P, Atzori L, Griffin JL, Caboni P. Italian cohort of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by variation in glycerophospholipid, free fatty acids and amino acid levels. Metabolomics 2018; 14:140. [PMID: 30830399 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of pathologies characterised by chronic inflammation of the intestine and an unclear aetiology. Its main manifestations are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Currently, biopsies are the most used diagnostic tests for these diseases and metabolomics could represent a less invasive approach to identify biomarkers of disease presence and progression. OBJECTIVES The lipid and the polar metabolite profile of plasma samples of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease have been compared with healthy individuals with the aim to find their metabolomic differences. Also, a selected sub-set of samples was analysed following solid phase extraction to further characterise differences between pathological samples. METHODS A total of 200 plasma samples were analysed using drift tube ion mobility coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography for the lipid metabolite profile analysis, while liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for the polar metabolite profile analysis. RESULTS Variations in the lipid profile between inflammatory bowel disease and healthy individuals were highlighted. Phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylcholines and fatty acids were significantly changed among pathological samples suggesting changes in phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. Variations in the levels of cholesteryl esters and glycerophospholipids were also found. Furthermore, a decrease in amino acids levels suggests mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS Given good statistical results and predictive power of the model produced in our study, metabolomics can be considered as a valid tool to investigate inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jùlìa Denes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James West
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Manis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Usai
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vargas JE, Kubesch N, Hernandéz-Ferrer C, Carrasco-Turigas G, Bustamante M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, González JR. A systemic approach to identify signaling pathways activated during short-term exposure to traffic-related urban air pollution from human blood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29572-29583. [PMID: 30141164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that promote pathologic alterations in human physiology mediated by short-term exposure to traffic pollutants remains not well understood. This work was to develop mechanistic networks to determine which specific pathways are activated by real-world exposures of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during rest and moderate physical activity (PA). A controlled crossover study to compare whole blood gene expression pre and post short-term exposure to high and low of TRAP was performed together with systems biology analysis. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers aged between 21 and 53 years were recruited. These subjects were exposed during 2 h to different pollution levels (high and low TRAP levels), while either cycling or resting. Global transcriptome profile of each condition was performed from human whole blood samples. Microarrays analysis was performed to obtain differential expressed genes (DEG) to be used as initial input for GeneMANIA software to obtain protein-protein (PPI) networks. Two networks were found reflecting high or low TRAP levels, which shared only 5.6 and 15.5% of its nodes, suggesting specific cell signaling pathways being activated in each environmental condition. However, gene ontology analysis of each PPI network suggests that each level of TRAP regulate common members of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our work provides the first approach describing mechanistic networks to understand TRAP effects on a system level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Passo Fundo University (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Infant Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Nadine Kubesch
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carles Hernandéz-Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Glória Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud, Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud, Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Dwairi A, Alqudah TE, Al-Shboul O, Alqudah M, Mustafa AG, Alfaqih MA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on mouse colon smooth muscle cells through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/nuclear factor-κB pathway in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:95-109. [PMID: 29593427 PMCID: PMC5865574 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s152835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo substantial morphological, phenotypic, and contractile changes during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SMCs act as a source and target for different inflammatory mediators, however their role in IBD pathogenesis is usually overlooked. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone reported to exert multiple anti-inflammatory effects in different tissues including the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms. Aim The aim of this research is to explore the effect of GLP-1 analog exendin-4 on the expression and secretion of inflammatory markers from mouse colon smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Freshly isolated CSMCs from male BALB/c mice were cultured in DMEM and treated with vehicle, LPS (1 μg/mL), LPS+exendin-4 (50 nM), or LPS+exendin-4 (100 nM) for 24 h. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was then evaluated by antibody array membrane. Results CSMCs showed basal expression of several cytokines which was enhanced with the induction of inflammation by LPS. However, exendin-4 (50 and 100 nM) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the expression of multiple cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), T cell activation gene-3 (TCA-3), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). To confirm these results, expression of these cytokines was further assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction and similar results were also observed. Moreover, secretion of TNF-α and IL1-α into the conditioned media was significantly downregulated by exendin-4 when compared to LPS-treated cells. Furthermore, LPS increased NF-κB phosphorylation, while exendin-4 significantly reduced levels of NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusion These data indicate that GLP-1 analogs can exert significant anti-inflammatory effects on CSMCs and can potentially be used as an adjunct treatment for inflammatory bowel conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamara E Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman G Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tran QT, Wong WF, Chai CL. Labdane diterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:43-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
22
|
El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr NF, El-Bahrawy HA, El-Adawy SA. Downregulation of iNOS and elevation of cAMP mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of glabridin in rats with ulcerative colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:551-559. [PMID: 28707183 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative medicine is widely accepted by public and becoming an attractive approach for treatment of various diseases. Glabridin (Gla), a major flavonoid present in licorice root, was reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of Gla against dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying Gla function. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control, colitis group (rats received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days), Gla group (50 mg/kg, orally, once daily), and sulfasalazine (SLZ) group (500 mg/kg, orally, once daily). Each of Gla and SLZ was administered 1 week ahead of DSS and parallel with its administration. RESULTS Gla ameliorated the inflammatory alterations induced by DSS. Gla group showed a reduction in colon concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and a decreased colon myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). Gla treatment downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in rat colon with a decreased content of nitric oxide (NO). Gla also increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration in rat colon compared to colitis group. Such findings were comparable to or even better than those obtained by SLZ treatment. The histological features of UC such as ulceration and inflammatory cell infiltrations were improved in rat group treated by Gla. CONCLUSION Gla proved a potent anti-inflammatory role in UC through different mechanisms and, being a natural product, it could be safely used as a protective measure in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Samar A El-Adawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang YL, Chen CL, Chen CM, Ko WC. Hesperetin-5,7,3'-O-triacetate suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice without reversing xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in normal mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:39. [PMID: 28558784 PMCID: PMC5450382 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that hesperetin-5,7,3’-O-triacetate (HTA) dually inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE)3/4 with a therapeutic ratio of 20.8. The application and development of PDE4 inhibitors for treating asthma or COPD are limited by their side effects, such as nausea, vomiting and gastric hypersecretion. PDE4 inhibitors were reported to reverse xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in rats and triggered vomiting in ferrets. Thus the reversing effect of HTA on xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice was studied to assess emetic effect of HTA. The aim of this study was to prove the therapeutic effect of HTA without vomiting effect at an effective dose for treating COPD. Methods Ten female BALB/c mice in each group were sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 14. On day 21, these mice were emphasized the sensitization by Freund’s complete adjuvant. Mice were challenged by 1% OVA nebulization on days 28, 29, and 30. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed on day 32 in each group, using the FlexiVent system to determine airway resistance (RL) and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in anesthetized ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged mice. Each group was orally administered HTA (10 ~ 100 μmol/kg), roflumilast (1 and 5 mg/kg) or vehicles (controls) 2 h before and 6 and 24 h after OVA provocation. For comparison, sham-treated mice were challenged with saline instead of 1% OVA. The ability to reverse xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia by HTA or roflumilast for 3 h was determined in normal mice. We used roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor and bronchodilator for severe COPD approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, as a reference drug. Results In the results, HTA (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) or roflumilast (5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly suppressed all RL values of MCh at 0.78 ~ 25 mg/mL and enhanced Cdyn values of MCh at 3.125 ~ 25 mg/mL compared to OVA-sensitized and -challenged control mice. Orally administered 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg roflumilast, but not 30 or 100 μmol/kg HTA, significantly reversed xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia. Conclusions In contrast to roflumilast, HTA may ameliorate COPD but induce few side effects of nausea, vomiting and gastric hypersecretion at an effective dose for treating COPD, because HTA did not reverse xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Lan Yang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Li Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Chang Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dou A, Wang Z, Zhang N, Liu J. Loss of Reelin suppresses cell survival and mobility in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3572-3580. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
25
|
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity which may present with skin manifestations as primary sign of the disease (cutaneous lupus erythematosus, CLE) or as part of a disease spectrum (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE). To date, no drugs are approved specifically for the treatment of CLE and only single agents have been applied in randomized controlled trials. Therefore, topical and systemic agents are used "off-label", primarily based on open-label studies, case series, retrospective analyses, and expert opinions. In contrast, several agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and belimumab, are approved for the treatment of SLE. Recent approaches in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of LE enabled the development of further new agents, which target molecules such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon (IFN). Only single trials, however, applied these new agents in patients with cutaneous involvement of the disease and/or included endpoints which evaluated the efficacy of these agents on skin manifestations. This article provides an updated review on new and recent approaches in the treatment of CLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kuhn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Landmann
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) regulates NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28056. [PMID: 27321128 PMCID: PMC4913246 DOI: 10.1038/srep28056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), includes infiltration/expansion of WAT macrophages, contributes pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. The inflammasome comprises an intracellular sensor (NLR), caspase-1 and the adaptor ASC. Inflammasome activation leads to maturation of caspase-1 and processing of IL1β, contributing to many metabolic disorders and directing adipocytes to a more insulin-resistant phenotype. Ablation of PDE3B in WAT prevents inflammasome activation by reducing expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, AIM2, TNFα, IL1β and proinflammatory genes. Following IP injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serum levels of IL1β and TNFα were reduced in PDE3B−/−mice compared to WT. Activation of signaling cascades, which mediate inflammasome responses, were modulated in PDE3B−/−mice WAT, including smad, NFAT, NFkB, and MAP kinases. Moreover, expression of chemokine CCL2, MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2, which play an important role in macrophage chemotaxis, were reduced in WAT of PDE3B−/−mice. In addition, atherosclerotic plaque formation was significantly reduced in the aorta of apoE−/−/PDE3B−/−and LDL-R−/−/PDE3B−/−mice compared to apoE−/−and LDL-R−/−mice, respectively. Obesity-induced changes in serum-cholesterol were blocked in PDE3B−/−mice. Collectively, these data establish a role for PDE3B in modulating inflammatory response, which may contribute to a reduced inflammatory state in adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu F, Wang J, Cao Z, Song M, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Li Y. cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway Induces Apoptosis by Inhibited NF-κB in Aluminum Chloride-Treated Lymphocytes In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:424-31. [PMID: 26280903 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore the apoptosis mechanism in lymphocytes of rats induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, the splenic lymphocytes of rats were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 for 24 h. The final concentrations of AlCl3 (AlCl3 · 6H2O) in supernatant were 0 (control group, CG), 0.3 mmol/L (low-dose group, LG), 0.6 mmol/L (mid-dose group, MG), and 1.2 mmol/L (high-dose group, HG), respectively. Lymphocytes Apoptosis rate, intracellular cAMP content, PKA, survivin, B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA expressions, and the mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB, p65) were detected, respectively. The results showed that apoptosis index of lymphocytes, cAMP content in intracellular and PKA mRNA expression were significantly upregulated, whereas NF-κB and survivin mRNA expressions, nuclear NF-κB (p65) protein expression, and the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression were downregulated in the AlCl3-treated groups compared with those in CG. The results indicated that the activated cAMP/PKA signaling pathway induces apoptosis by inhibited NF-κB in AlCl3-treated lymphocytes in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang SM. Milrinone in Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27065870 PMCID: PMC4809901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) was implicated in a widespread outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) across the Asia Pacific area since 1997 and has also been reported sporadically in patients with brain stem encephalitis. Neurogenic shock with pulmonary edema (PE) is a fatal complication of EV71 infection. Among inotropic agents, milrinone is selected as a therapeutic agent for EV71- induced PE due to its immunopathogenesis. Milrinone is a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has both inotropic and vasodilator effects. Its clinical efficacy has been shown by modulating inflammation, reducing sympathetic over-activity, and improving survival in patients with EV71-associated PE. Milrinone exhibits immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in the management of systemic inflammatory responses in severe EV71 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barminko JA, Nativ NI, Schloss R, Yarmush ML. Fractional factorial design to investigate stromal cell regulation of macrophage plasticity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:2239-51. [PMID: 24891120 PMCID: PMC5928506 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory networks which control specific macrophage phenotypes is essential in identifying novel targets to correct macrophage mediated clinical disorders, often accompanied by inflammatory events. Since mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play key roles in regulating immune functions predominantly via a large number of secreted products, we used a fractional factorial approach to streamline experimental evaluation of MSC mediated inflammatory macrophage regulation. Our macrophage reprogramming metrics, human bone marrow MSC attenuation of macrophage pro-inflammatory M1 TNFα secretion and simultaneous enhanced expression of the M2 macrophage marker, CD206, were used as analysis endpoints. Objective evaluation of a panel of MSC secreted mediators indicated that PGE2 alone was sufficient in facilitating macrophage reprogramming, while IL4 only provided partial reprogramming. Inhibiting stromal cell PGE2 secretion with Indomethacin, reversed the macrophage reprogramming effect. PGE2 reprogramming was mediated through the EP4 receptor and indirectly through the CREB signaling pathway as GSK3 specific inhibitors induced M1 macrophages to express CD206. This reprogramming pathway functioned independently from the M1 suppression pathway, as neither CREB nor GSK3 inhibition reversed PGE2 TNF-α secretion attenuation. In conclusion, fractional factorial experimental design identified stromal derived PGE2 as the factor most important in facilitating macrophage reprogramming, albeit via two unique pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Barminko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wyatt TA, Poole JA, Nordgren TM, DeVasure JM, Heires AJ, Bailey KL, Romberger DJ. cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation decreases cytokine release in bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L643-51. [PMID: 25150062 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00373.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung injury caused by inhalation of dust from swine-concentrated animal-feeding operations (CAFO) involves the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), which is mediated by protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε) in airway epithelial cells. Once activated by CAFO dust, PKC-ε is responsible for slowing cilia beating and reducing cell migration for wound repair. Conversely, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) stimulates contrasting effects, such as increased cilia beating and an acceleration of cell migration for wound repair. We hypothesized that a bidirectional mechanism involving PKA and PKC regulates epithelial airway inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, primary human bronchial epithelial cells and BEAS-2B cells were treated with hog dust extract (HDE) in the presence or absence of cAMP. PKC-ε activity was significantly reduced in cells that were pretreated for 1 h with 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) before exposure to HDE (P < 0.05). HDE-induced IL-6, and IL-8 release was significantly lower in cells that were pretreated with 8-Br-cAMP (P < 0.05). To exclude exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) involvement, cells were pretreated with either 8-Br-cAMP or 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT-2Me-cAMP) (EPAC agonist). 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP did not activate PKA and did not reduce HDE-stimulated IL-6 release. In contrast, 8-Br-cAMP decreased HDE-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM-17) activity and subsequent TNF-α release (P < 0.001). 8-Br-cAMP also blocked HDE-stimulated IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine release in precision-cut mouse lung slices (P < 0.05). These data show bidirectional regulation of PKC-ε via a PKA-mediated inhibition of TACE activity resulting in reduced PKC-ε-mediated release of IL-6 and IL-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Wyatt
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Debra J Romberger
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Wound repair requires the integration of complex cellular networks to restore tissue homeostasis. Defects in wound repair are associated with human disease including pyoderma gangrenosum, a heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by unhealed wounds and chronic inflammation of unclear etiology. Despite its clinical importance, there remain significant gaps in understanding how different types of cells communicate to integrate inflammation and wound repair. Recent progress in wound and regenerative biology has been gained by studying genetically tractable model organisms, like zebrafish, that retain the ability to regenerate. The optical transparency and ease of genetic manipulation make zebrafish an ideal model system to dissect multi-cellular and tissue level interactions during wound repair. The focus of this review is on recent advances in understanding how inflammation and wound repair are orchestrated and integrated to achieve wound resolution and tissue regeneration using zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny C LeBert
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo J, Lin P, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wei X, Wang Q, Wang C. Etazolate abrogates the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced downregulation of the cAMP/pCREB/BDNF signaling, neuroinflammatory response and depressive-like behavior in mice. Neuroscience 2014; 263:1-14. [PMID: 24434771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that immune challenge by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammatory response and upregulates phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, whether the potential PDE4 inhibitor etazolate prevents the LPS-induced depressive-like behavior remains unclear. Here using a model of depression induced by the repeated administration of LPS during 16days, and then investigated the influence of LPS on the expression of PDE4, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and antidepressant action of etazolate in mice through forced swimming, novelty suppressed feeding, sucrose preference and open-field tests. Our results showed that etazolate pretreatment facilitated the recovery from weight loss and prevented the depressive-like behavior induced by repeated LPS administration. Moreover, the antidepressant action of etazolate was paralleled by significantly reducing the expression levels of PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4D and IL-1β and up-regulating the cAMP/phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (pCREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice. These results indicate that the effects of etazolate on the depressive-like behavior induced by repeated LPS treatment may partially depend on the inhibition of PDE4 subtypes, the activation of the cAMP/pCREB/BDNF signaling and the anti-inflammatory responses in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - P Lin
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - X Zhao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - X Wei
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Q Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - C Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prostaglandin E₂ promotes Th1 differentiation via synergistic amplification of IL-12 signalling by cAMP and PI3-kinase. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1685. [PMID: 23575689 PMCID: PMC3644078 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 1 (Th1) cells have critical roles in various autoimmune and proinflammatory diseases. cAMP has long been believed to act as a suppressor of IFN-γ production and Th1 cell-mediated immune inflammation. Here we show that cAMP actively promotes Th1 differentiation by inducing gene expression of cytokine receptors involved in this process. PGE2 signalling through EP2/EP4 receptors mobilizes the cAMP-PKA pathway, which induces CREB- and its co-activator CRTC2-mediated transcription of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γR1. Meanwhile, cAMP-mediated suppression of T-cell receptor signalling is overcome by simultaneous activation of PI3-kinase through EP2/EP4 and/or CD28. Loss of EP4 in T cells restricts expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γR1, and attenuates Th1 cell-mediated inflammation in vivo. These findings clarify the molecular mechanisms and pathological contexts of cAMP-mediated Th1 differentiation and have clinical and therapeutic implications for deployment of cAMP modulators as immunoregulatory drugs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Poole NM, Mamidanna G, Smith RA, Coons LB, Cole JA. Prostaglandin E(2) in tick saliva regulates macrophage cell migration and cytokine profile. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:261. [PMID: 24025197 PMCID: PMC3846740 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that suppress the host’s immune and inflammatory responses by secreting immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory molecules in their saliva. In previous studies we have shown that tick salivary gland extract (SGE) and saliva from Dermacentor variabilis have distinct effects on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated IC-21 macrophage and NIH3T3-L1 fibroblast migration. Since tick saliva contains a high concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent modulator of inflammation, we used a PGE2 receptor antagonist to evaluate the role of PGE2 in the different migratory responses induced by saliva and its impact on macrophage cytokine profile. Methods Adult ticks were fed on female New Zealand white rabbits for 5-8 days. Female ticks were stimulated with dopamine/theophylline to induce salivation and saliva was pooled. Competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were used to measure saliva PGE2 content and the changes in macrophage intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The effects of tick saliva on macrophage and fibroblast migration were assessed in the absence and presence of the PGE2 receptor antagonist, AH 6809, using blind well chamber assays. A cytokine antibody array was used to examine the effects of tick saliva on macrophage cytokine secretion. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA; Student Newman-Kuels post-test was used for multiple comparisons. Results The saliva-induced increase in PDGF-stimulated macrophage migration was reversed by AH 6809. The inhibition of PDGF-stimulated fibroblast migration by saliva was also antagonist-sensitive. Tick saliva induced macrophages to secrete copious amounts of PGE2, and conditioned medium from these cells caused an AH 6809-sensitive inhibition of stimulated fibroblast migration, showing that macrophages can regulate fibroblast activity. We show that tick saliva decreased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and soluble TNF receptor I (sTNFRI) through a PGE2-dependent mechanism mediated by cAMP. Saliva had similar effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages. Conclusions Our data show that ticks utilize salivary PGE2 to subvert the ability of macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory mediators and recruit fibroblasts to the feeding lesion, therefore inhibiting wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Poole
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, 239 Ellington Hall, 3700 Walker Avenue, Memphis TN, 38152, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ghanemi A. Targeting G protein coupled receptor-related pathways as emerging molecular therapies. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 23:115-29. [PMID: 25972730 PMCID: PMC4420995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the most important targets in modern pharmacology because of the different functions they mediate, especially within brain and peripheral nervous system, and also because of their functional and stereochemical properties. In this paper, we illustrate, via a variety of examples, novel advances about the GPCR-related molecules that have been shown to play diverse roles in GPCR pathways and in pathophysiological phenomena. We have exemplified how those GPCRs’ pathways are, or might constitute, potential targets for different drugs either to stimulate, modify, regulate or inhibit the cellular mechanisms that are hypothesized to govern some pathologic, physiologic, biologic and cellular or molecular aspects both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, influencing such pathways will, undoubtedly, lead to different therapeutical applications based on the related pharmacological implications. Furthermore, such new properties can be applied in different fields. In addition to offering fruitful directions for future researches, we hope the reviewed data, together with the elements found within the cited references, will inspire clinicians and researchers devoted to the studies on GPCR’s properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An improved understanding of the psoriasis pathogenesis has provided new insights into potential new therapeutic targets, which has positively influenced the development of novel therapies. This monograph reviews recent clinical trials concerning new small molecules and biotech products under investigation for plaque psoriasis treatment. Emphasis is placed on mechanism of action, efficacy and adverse effects of these new agents. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature has shown that there are several new drugs under development for psoriasis treatment including new A3 adenosine receptor agonists, biologics like anti-tumor necrosis factor, anti-interleukin-17, anti-interleukin-12/23 and anti-interleukin-17 receptor agents, as well as Janus kinase and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, among others. Although clinical trials were too short for predicting the real long-term safety of these treatments, other studies longer than those presently available are expected in the future. SUMMARY On the basis of novel advances in psoriasis therapy, treatment paradigms could change in the following years. However, the real contribution of these new drugs to the antipsoriatic therapeutic armamentarium still needs to be established.
Collapse
|
37
|
Verjans E, Ohl K, Yu Y, Lippe R, Schippers A, Wiener A, Roth J, Wagner N, Uhlig S, Tenbrock K, Martin C. Overexpression of CREMα in T cells aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1316-23. [PMID: 23785120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor cAMP response element modulator (CREM)α contributes to various cellular and molecular abnormalities in T cells, including increased IL-17 and decreased IL-2 expression. For development of acute lung injury (ALI), the invasion and regulation of immune cells are highly important, but the role of T cells remains unclear. In this study, we show that CREMα is upregulated in LPS-induced ALI. During the early phase of ALI (day 1), T cell-specific CREMα overexpression enhances the numbers of T cells and expression of TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and deteriorates lung functions. On day 3 of ALI, CREMα transgenic mice present a stronger inflammatory response with higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 correlating with increased numbers of T cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas expression of Foxp3 and IL-2 and numbers of regulatory T cells are decreased. These changes result in restricted lung function in CREMα transgenic mice. Finally, an adoptive transfer of CREM(-/-) CD4(+) T cells, but not of wild-type T cells into RAG-1(-/-) mice results in ameliorated disease levels. Thus, levels of CREM in T cells determine the outcome of ALI, and CREMα transgenic animals represent a model in which proinflammatory T cells aggravate ALI in different phases of the disease. Given the fact that patients with autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus show higher levels of CREMα and an increased susceptibility toward infectious complications, our finding is of potential clinical significance and may enable new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Verjans
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sugimoto N, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Hitomi Y, Nakamura H, Yachie A, Koizumi S. Targeted activation of PKA and Epac promotes glioblastoma regression in vitro.. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:281-285. [PMID: 24649161 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt signaling are the key pathways involved in the promotion of glioblastoma formation. Notably, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is widely expressed in brain tumors and promotes their growth. PDE4 inhibitors have been reported to suppress glioblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying these actions, however, have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was able to suppress the Ras-p44/42 MAPK signaling pathway via protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in U87MG human malignant glioma cells. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, inhibited cell growth and the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK in U87MG cells, whereas the non-hydrolyzable cAMP analog 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) considerably suppressed cell growth and phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK. The inhibitory effects of forskolin were partially prevented by the PKA inhibitor H89. The Epac-selective agonist 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine cAMP (8-CPT-cAMP) inhibited phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK. These findings suggest that PKA and Epac are involved in the effect of intracellular cAMP on the Ras-p44/42 MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Departments of Physiology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hitomi
- Public Health, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Public Health, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shoichi Koizumi
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Johansson EM, Sanabra C, Mengod G. Sex-related differences of cAMP-specific PDE4B3 mRNA in oligodendrocytes following systemic inflammation. Glia 2012; 60:1815-25. [PMID: 22848007 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sex-related differences have been observed in the incidence and severity of several neurological diseases and in sepsis in humans. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has been shown to play an important role in modulating the inflammatory environment during neuroinflammation and importantly in protecting myelin from excitotoxic cell death. Considering the sexual dimorphism in the functional properties of oligodendrocytes and the importance of a systemic inflammation in the progression of multiple sclerosis, we focused on identifying possible sex-related differences in the alterations previously reported for the two phosphodiesterase4B (PDE4B) splice-variants (PDE4B2 and PDE4B3) mRNA expression during innate neuroinflammation. PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D are present in oligodendrocytes and we have previously reported that PDE4B3 mRNA is readily expressed in both oligodendrocytes and neurons. In this study, we analyzed the influence of an intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection on the distribution pattern and expression levels of the PDE4B mRNA splicing variants in both male and female mice brains. Clear differences were observed in PDE4B2 and PDE4B3 mRNA expression levels in males compared with females in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed that the clear downregulation of PDE4B3 mRNA was reflected in a lower percentage of oligodendrocytes positive for this transcript which correlated with a decrease in inducible cAMP early repressor expression in female corpus callosum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Johansson
- Departament de Neuroquímica i Neurofarmacologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (CSIC), IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saito T, Sugimoto N, Ohta K, Shimizu T, Ohtani K, Nakayama Y, Nakamura T, Hitomi Y, Nakamura H, Koizumi S, Yachie A. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors suppress Lactobacillus casei cell-wall-induced NF-κB and MAPK activations and cell proliferation through protein kinase A--or exchange protein activated by cAMP-dependent signal pathway. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:748572. [PMID: 22645447 PMCID: PMC3356720 DOI: 10.1100/2012/748572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific strains of Lactobacillus have been found to be beneficial in treating some types of diarrhea and vaginosis. However, a high mortality rate results from underlying immunosuppressive conditions in patients with Lactobacillus casei bacteremia. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small second messenger molecule that mediates signal transduction. The onset and progression of inflammatory responses are sensitive to changes in steady-state cAMP levels. L. casei cell wall extract (LCWE) develops arteritis in mice through Toll-like receptor-2 signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intracellular cAMP affects LCWE-induced pathological signaling. LCWE was shown to induce phosphorylation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and cell proliferation in mice fibroblast cells. Theophylline and phosphodiesterase inhibitor increased intracellular cAMP and inhibited LCWE-induced cell proliferation as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK. Protein kinase A inhibitor H89 prevented cAMP-induced MAPK inhibition, but not cAMP-induced NF-κB inhibition. An exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) agonist inhibited NF-κB activation but not MAPK activation. These results indicate that an increase in intracellular cAMP prevents LCWE induction of pathological signaling pathways dependent on PKA and Epac signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takekatsu Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gong M, Lin XZ, Lu GT, Zheng LJ. Preoperative inhalation of milrinone attenuates inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Med Princ Pract 2012; 21:30-5. [PMID: 22024477 DOI: 10.1159/000332411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative inhalation of milrinone on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related inflammation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were recruited and randomized for preoperative inhalation of milrinone (Mil group) or normal saline (NS group), respectively. Each group had 15 patients. Their hemodynamic parameters were measured and blood samples were obtained longitudinally. The levels of serum interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9 significantly increased at the end of cardiac surgery and remained high for 24 h in both groups of patients. However, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines at the end of cardiac surgery in the Mil group of patients were significantly lower than those of the NS group of patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that preoperative inhalation of milrinone significantly mitigated CPB-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peiró AM, Tang CM, Murray F, Zhang L, Brown LM, Chou D, Rassenti L, Kipps TJ, Kipps TA, Insel PA. Genetic variation in phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7B in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: overview of genetic variants of cyclic nucleotide PDEs in human disease. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:676-81. [PMID: 21796143 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 7B (PDE7B) mRNA is increased in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), thus suggesting that variation may occur in the PDE7B gene in CLL. As genetic variation in other PDE family members has been shown to associate with numerous clinical disorders (reviewed in this manuscript), we sought to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDE7B gene promoter and coding region of 93 control subjects and 154 CLL patients. We found that the PDE7B gene has a 5' non-coding region SNP -347C>T that occurs with similar frequency in CLL patients (1.9%) and controls (2.7%). Tested in vitro, -347C>T has less promoter activity than a wild-type construct. The low frequency of this 5' untranslated region variant indicates that it does not explain the higher PDE7B expression in patients with CLL but it has the potential to influence other settings that involve a role for PDE7B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Horton JS, Yamamoto SY, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Relaxin modulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion from human decidual macrophages. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:788-97. [PMID: 21734258 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.089201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin (RLN) is a systemic hormone from the corpus luteum, and its levels remain low during normal human gestation. Indeed, elevation of circulating RLN has long been associated with preterm birth, for which there has been no physiological explanation. Recent studies have shown that RLN suppresses endotoxin-induced cytokine secretion from THP-1 monocytic cells by acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but its effects on primary macrophages are unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of RLN on cytokine secretion from primary decidual macrophages (DMs) obtained at term before labor. Unlike THP-1 cells, RLN had no effects on the cytokine responses induced by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL) 1B, mimicking infection-induced or sterile inflammation, respectively. However, RLN alone for 4 h significantly decreased (P < 0.05) colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2; also known as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and IL8 but for 24 h significantly increased IL6 (P < 0.01). We show that DMs express both the RLN receptor (RXFP1) and the GR. RLN suppression of CSF2 and IL8 was sensitive to the GR-antagonist mifepristone (RU-486). However, RLN activation of RXFP1 induced a dose-dependent cAMP response, which when mimicked by forskolin also caused significantly increased (P < 0.05) secretion of IL6. Thus, RLN may be anti-inflammatory in DMs via activation of the GR but proinflammatory via activation of RXFP1 and cAMP. In summary, we have shown that RLN targeting DMs may modulate proinflammatory cytokine secretion at the maternal-fetal interface and contribute to the localized inflammatory response associated with parturition in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Horton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations employing a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential have been carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the hydrolysis of a cyclic nucleotide cAMP substrate by phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B). PDE4B is a member of the PDE superfamily of enzymes that play crucial roles in cellular signal transduction. We have determined a two-dimensional potential of mean force (PMF) for the coupled phosphoryl bond cleavage and proton transfer through a general acid catalysis mechanism in PDE4B. The results indicate that the ring-opening process takes place through an S(N)2 reaction mechanism, followed by a proton transfer to stabilize the leaving group. The computed free energy of activation for the PDE4B-catalyzed cAMP hydrolysis is about 13 kcal·mol(-1) and an overall reaction free energy is about -17 kcal·mol(-1), both in accord with experimental results. In comparison with the uncatalyzed reaction in water, the enzyme PDE4B provides a strong stabilization of the transition state, lowering the free energy barrier by 14 kcal·mol(-1). We found that the proton transfer from the general acid residue His234 to the O3' oxyanion of the ribosyl leaving group lags behind the nucleophilic attack, resulting in a shallow minimum on the free energy surface. A key contributing factor to transition state stabilization is the elongation of the distance between the divalent metal ions Zn(2+) and Mg(2+) in the active site as the reaction proceeds from the Michaelis complex to the transition state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Yiu Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Salinthone S, Schillace RV, Tsang C, Regan JW, Bourdette DN, Carr DW. Lipoic acid stimulates cAMP production via G protein-coupled receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:681-90. [PMID: 21036588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid that exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is being pursued as a therapeutic for many diseases including multiple sclerosis, diabetic polyneuropathy and Alzheimer's disease. We previously reported on the novel finding that racemic LA (50:50 mixture of R-LA and S-LA) stimulates cAMP production, activates prostanoid EP2 and EP4 receptors and adenylyl cyclases (AC), and suppresses activation and cytotoxicity in NK cells. In this study, we present evidence that furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of action of LA. Using various LA derivatives, such as dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), S,S-dimethyl lipoic acid (DMLA) and lipoamide (LPM), we discovered that only LA is capable of stimulating cAMP production in NK cells. Furthermore, there is no difference in cAMP production after stimulation with either R-LA, S-LA or racemic LA. Competition and synergistic studies indicate that LA may also activate AC independent of the EP2 and EP4 receptors. Pretreatment of PBMCs with KH7 (a specific peptide inhibitor of soluble AC) and the calcium inhibitor (Bapta) prior to LA treatment resulted in reduced cAMP levels, suggesting that soluble AC and calcium signaling mediate LA stimulation of cAMP production. In addition, pharmacological inhibitor studies demonstrate that LA also activates other G protein-coupled receptors, including histamine and adenosine but not the β-adrenergic receptors. These novel findings provide information to better understand the mechanisms of action of LA, which can help facilitate the use of LA as a therapeutic for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonemany Salinthone
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Olprinone, a PDE3 inhibitor, modulates the inflammation associated with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:612-20. [PMID: 21035441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary ischemia and subsequent reperfusion result in deleterious effects, one of the principal ones being vascular and myocardial inflammation. Olprinone hydrochloride, a specific phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its inotropic and vasodilator effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of olprinone on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was caused by clamping the LAD (left anterior descending) coronary artery for 25 min followed by a release of the clamp allowing reperfusion for 1 h. Olprinone i.p. (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 15 min after ischemia. The olprinone administration significantly reduced the: (1) histological evidence of myocardial injury, (2) pro-inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), (3) adhesion molecules: Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and P-Selectin, (4) nitrotyrosine formation, (5) nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression, (6) Poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) formation, and (7) apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, Fas-L and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP end labeling (TUNEL). Based on these findings this study provides the evidence that treatment with olprinone ameliorated the inflammatory process associated with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats and suggests that this drug may have potential in the treatment of various ischemia and reperfusion diseases.
Collapse
|
47
|
Differential effects of rolipram on chronic subcutaneous inflammatory angiogenesis and on peritoneal adhesion in mice. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:265-71. [PMID: 19732781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The specific PDE4 inhibitor (rolipram) has been shown to attenuate excessive accumulation/activation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts and cytokine production in several pathological conditions through cyclic nucleotide modulation. Here, using the murine sponge model to induce chronic subcutaneous inflammatory response and to elicit the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions we explored the hypothesis that rolipram would exert beneficial effects on decreasing key components of both processes (inflammatory cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and deposition of extracellular matrix component). Two doses of rolipram (0.2 or 2 mg/kg/day) were administered orally for 7 days in groups of mice bearing either subcutaneous or intraperitoneal polyether-polyurethane implants. Rolipram was effective in inhibiting angiogenesis as assessed by hemoglobin content and VEGF levels in subcutaneous implants (about 40% with both doses) but failed to exert this activity in intraperitoneal implants. Conversely, accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages determined by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities intraimplant, respectively, was attenuated only in intraperitoneal implants by the treatment. Levels of TNF-alpha and MCP-1 were also determined and rolipram at both doses decreased the production of both cytokines in intraperitoneal implants. The levels of MCP-1 in the subcutaneous implants were not affected by the treatment. Fibrosis was evaluated by determining the amount of collagen and production of TGF-beta1 intraimplant. Both parameters were attenuated by rolipram. These results have shown differential sensitivity of proliferating tissues to PDE4 inhibitor indicating that this agent may be used to target inflammatory angiogenesis selectively.
Collapse
|
48
|
Schwartz N, Xue X, Elovitz MA, Dowling O, Metz CN. Progesterone suppresses the fetal inflammatory response ex vivo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:211.e1-9. [PMID: 19646573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progesterone supplementation has been shown to be efficacious in preventing preterm birth. We sought to investigate the effects of progesterone on fetal inflammatory responses. STUDY DESIGN Fetal mononuclear cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and exposed to vehicle or progesterone (P4) for 1 hour prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Supernatants were assayed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Similar experiments were performed using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and progesterone modulators. The effect of P4 treatment on intracellular cAMP levels was also determined. RESULTS LPS treatment led to a significant increase in cytokine production by fetal mononuclear cells. Despite the lack of detectable nuclear progesterone receptors, P4 suppressed this inflammatory response. R5020 (progesterone agonist), forskolin (cAMP inducer), and dibutyryl cAMP (cAMP agonist) all achieved immunosuppression. The cAMP antagonist, Rp-cAMP, blocked the inhibitory effect of progesterone. P4 significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels. CONCLUSION Progesterone rapidly suppresses the fetal inflammatory response, possibly via nongenomic activation of the cAMP cascade.
Collapse
|
49
|
Tintinger GR, Steel HC, Theron AJ, Anderson R. Pharmacological control of neutrophil-mediated inflammation: strategies targeting calcium handling by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2009; 2:95-104. [PMID: 19920897 PMCID: PMC2761182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike most other effector cells of the innate, as well as the adaptive immune systems, the neutrophil is a relatively undiscerning aggressor with scant regard for damage limitation. Although this highly combative, professional phagocyte has become increasingly implicated in the immunopathogenesis of many acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, of both infective and noninfective origin, effective pharmacological strategies to counter neutrophil aggression have remained elusive. Activation of neutrophils results in rapid mobilization of both stored and extracellular Ca(2+), resulting in abrupt, usually transient increases in cytosolic Ca(2+), which precede, and are a prerequisite for activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent pro-inflammatory activities of these cells. Mobilization of Ca(2+) by, and restoration of Ca(2+) homeostasis to activated neutrophils are multistep processes which present a number of potential targets, some well recognized and others novel and unconventional, for the pharmacological control of neutrophil-mediated inflammation. Uncovering these targets represents the primary focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Tintinger
- Correspondence: Gregory R Tintinger, Department of Immunology, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Tel + 27 12 354 6883, Fax + 27 12 323 0732, Email
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hervé R, Schmitz T, Evain-Brion D, Cabrol D, Leroy MJ, Méhats C. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram prevents NF-kappaB binding activity and proinflammatory cytokine release in human chorionic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2196-202. [PMID: 18641359 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm delivery is linked to intrauterine inflammation. Fetal membranes are involved in the inflammatory process as an important source of mediators, and the chorion leave produces high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha when stimulated by LPS. The transcription factor NF-kappaB is the main regulator of this inflammatory process and controls the production of cytokines by the chorion leave. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors are recognized for their anti-inflammatory and myorelaxant effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PDE4 inhibition affects the LPS signaling in human cultured chorionic cells. We showed that these cells express TLR4, the main LPS receptor, and exhibit a predominant PDE4 activity. Upon LPS challenge, PDE4 activity increases concomitantly to the induction of the specific isoform PDE4B2 and chorionic cells secrete TNF-alpha. LPS induces the nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit and the activation of three different NF-kappaB complexes in chorionic cells. The presence of the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram reduces the TNF-alpha production and the activation of the three NF-kappaB complexes. These data indicate that the PDE4 family interacts with the LPS signaling pathway during the inflammatory response of chorionic cells. PDE4 selective inhibitors may thus represent a new therapeutic approach in the management of inflammation-induced preterm delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Hervé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 767, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|