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Singh Rawat S, Laxmi A. Light at the end of the tunnel: integrating signaling pathways in the coordination of lateral root development. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1895-1908. [PMID: 39171690 DOI: 10.1042/bst20240049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) encompasses a range of physical root attributes, including the lateral roots (LRs), root hairs and adventitious roots, in addition to the primary or main root. This overall structure is a crucial trait for efficient water and mineral capture alongside providing anchorage to the plant in the soil and is vital for plant productivity and fitness. RSA dynamics are dependent upon various environmental cues such as light, soil pH, water, mineral nutrition and the belowground microbiome. Among these factors, light signaling through HY5 significantly influences the flexibility of RSA by controlling different signaling pathways that converge at photoreceptors-mediated signaling, also present in the 'hidden half'. Furthermore, several phytohormones also drive the formation and emergence of LRs and are critical to harmonize intra and extracellular stimuli in this regard. This review endeavors to elucidate the impact of these interactions on RSA, with particular emphasis on LR development and to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the light-regulation of LR growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh Rawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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2
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Altamura MM, Piacentini D, Della Rovere F, Fattorini L, Valletta A, Falasca G. Plastid dynamism integrates development and environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108813. [PMID: 38861821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In land plants plastid type differentiation occurs concomitantly with cellular differentiation and the transition from one type to another is under developmental and environmental control. Plastid dynamism is based on a bilateral communication between plastids and nucleus through anterograde and retrograde signaling. Signaling occurs through the interaction with specific phytohormones (abscisic acid, strigolactones, jasmonates, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, ethylene, salicylic acid, cytokinin and auxin). The review is focused on the modulation of plastid capabilities at both transcriptional and post-translational levels at the crossroad between development and stress, with a particular attention to the chloroplast, because the most studied plastid type. The role of plastid-encoded and nuclear-encoded proteins for plastid development and stress responses, and the changes of plastid fate through the activity of stromules and plastoglobules, are discussed. Examples of plastid dynamism in response to soil stress agents (salinity, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium) are described. Albinism and root greening are described based on the modulation activities of auxin and cytokinin. The physiological and functional responses of the sensory epidermal and vascular plastids to abiotic and biotic stresses along with their specific roles in stress sensing are described together with their potential modulation of retrograde signaling pathways. Future research perspectives include an in-depth study of sensory plastids to explore their potential for establishing a transgenerational memory to stress. Suggestions about anterograde and retrograde pathways acting at interspecific level and on the lipids of plastoglobules as a novel class of plastid morphogenic agents are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Piacentini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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3
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Wu B, Jia X, Zhu W, Gao Y, Tan K, Duan Y, Chen L, Fan H, Wang Y, Liu X, Xuan Y, Zhu X. Light signaling regulates root-knot nematode infection and development via HY5-SWEET signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:664. [PMID: 38992595 PMCID: PMC11238492 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes and causes tremendous losses to the agricultural economy. Light is an important living factor for plants and pathogenic organisms, and sufficient light promotes root-knot nematode infection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS Expression level and genetic analyses revealed that the photoreceptor genes PHY, CRY, and PHOT have a negative impact on nematode infection. Interestingly, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a downstream gene involved in the regulation of light signaling, is associated with photoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of root-knot nematode resistance. ChIP and yeast one-hybrid assays supported that HY5 participates in plant-to-root-knot nematode responses by directly binding to the SWEET negative regulatory factors involved in root-knot nematode resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the important role of light signaling pathways in plant resistance to nematodes, providing a new perspective for RKN resistance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Wu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueying Jia
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Gao
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kefei Tan
- Helongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China.
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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Sinha H, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Mutation in shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, leads to low nicotine levels in tobacco. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133255. [PMID: 38103287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco remains one of the most commercially important crops due to the parasympathomimetic alkaloid nicotine used in cigarettes. Most genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis are expressed in root tissues; however, their light-dependent regulation has not been studied. Here, we identified the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, NtHY5, from Nicotiana tabacum and demonstrated that NtHY5 could complement the Arabidopsis thaliana hy5 mutant at molecular, morphological and biochemical levels. We report the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants of tobacco, NtHY5CR, and show down-regulation of the nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, whereas NtHY5 overexpression (NtHY5OX) plants show the opposite effect. Grafting experiments using wild-type, NtHY5CR, and NtHY5OX indicated that NtHY5 moves from shoot-to-root to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in the root tissue. Shoot HY5, directly or through enhancing expression of the root HY5, promotes nicotine biosynthesis by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the NtPMT, NtQPT and NtODC promoters. We conclude that the mobility of HY5 from shoot-to-root regulates light-dependent nicotine biosynthesis. The CRISPR/Cas9-based mutants developed, in this study; with low nicotine accumulation in leaves could help people to overcome their nicotine addiction and the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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5
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Yang Y, Zhang G, Su M, Shi Q, Chen Q. Prefoldin Subunits and Its Associate Partners: Conservations and Specificities in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38498526 PMCID: PMC10893143 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Prefoldins (PFDs) are ubiquitous co-chaperone proteins that originated in archaea during evolution and are present in all eukaryotes, including yeast, mammals, and plants. Typically, prefoldin subunits form hexameric PFD complex (PFDc) that, together with class II chaperonins, mediate the folding of nascent proteins, such as actin and tubulin. In addition to functioning as a co-chaperone in cytoplasm, prefoldin subunits are also localized in the nucleus, which is essential for transcription and post-transcription regulation. However, the specific and critical roles of prefoldins in plants have not been well summarized. In this review, we present an overview of plant prefoldin and its related proteins, summarize the structure of prefoldin/prefoldin-like complex (PFD/PFDLc), and analyze the versatile landscape by prefoldin subunits, from cytoplasm to nucleus regulation. We also focus the specific role of prefoldin-mediated phytohormone response and global plant development. Finally, we overview the emerging prefoldin-like (PFDL) subunits in plants and the novel roles in related processes, and discuss the next direction in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Gang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengyu Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Qingbiao Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Qingshuai Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
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Singh T, Bisht N, Ansari MM, Chauhan PS. The hidden harmony: Exploring ROS-phytohormone nexus for shaping plant root architecture in response to environmental cues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108273. [PMID: 38103339 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture, encompassing lateral roots and root hairs, plays a vital in overall plant growth and stress tolerance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plant hormones intricately regulate root growth and development, serving as signaling molecules that govern processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Manipulating the interplay between ROS and hormones has the potential to enhance nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and agricultural productivity. In this review, we delve into how studying these processes provides insights into how plants respond to environmental changes and optimize growth patterns to better control cellular processes and stress responses in crops. We discuss various factors and complex signaling networks that may exist among ROS and phytohormones during root development. Additionally, the review highlights possible role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in ROS-phytohormone interactions and in shaping root system architecture according to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Mogees Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Ince YÇ, Sugimoto K. Illuminating the path to shoot meristem regeneration: Molecular insights into reprogramming cells into stem cells. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102452. [PMID: 37709567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells possess the ability to dedifferentiate and reprogram into stem cell-like populations, enabling the regeneration of new organs. However, the maintenance of stem cells relies on specialized microenvironments composed of distinct cell populations with specific functions. Consequently, the regeneration process necessitates the orchestrated regulation of multiple pathways across diverse cellular populations. One crucial pathway involves the transcription factor WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), which plays a pivotal role in reprogramming cells into stem cells and promoting their conversion into shoot meristems through WUSCHEL (WUS). Additionally, cell and tissue mechanics, including cell wall modifications and mechanical stress, critically contribute to de novo shoot organogenesis by regulating polar auxin transport. Furthermore, light signaling emerges as a key regulator of plant regeneration, directly influencing expression of meristem genes and potentially influencing aforementioned pathways as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetkin Çaka Ince
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan.
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
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8
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Göbel M, Fichtner F. Functions of sucrose and trehalose 6-phosphate in controlling plant development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154140. [PMID: 38007969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit enormous plasticity in regulating their architecture to be able to adapt to a constantly changing environment and carry out vital functions such as photosynthesis, anchoring, and nutrient uptake. Phytohormones play a role in regulating these responses, but sugar signalling mechanisms are also crucial. Sucrose is not only an important source of carbon and energy fuelling plant growth, but it also functions as a signalling molecule that influences various developmental processes. Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), a sucrose-specific signalling metabolite, is emerging as an important regulator in plant metabolism and development. Key players involved in sucrose and Tre6P signalling pathways, including MAX2, SnRK1, bZIP11, and TOR, have been implicated in processes such as flowering, branching, and root growth. We will summarize our current knowledge of how these pathways shape shoot and root architecture and highlight how sucrose and Tre6P signalling are integrated with known signalling networks in shaping plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Göbel
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Cluster of Excellences on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Cluster of Excellences on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Depaepe T, Vanhaelewyn L, Van Der Straeten D. UV-B responses in the spotlight: Dynamic photoreceptor interplay and cell-type specificity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3194-3205. [PMID: 37554043 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to a multitude of external signals, including light. The information contained within the full spectrum of light is perceived by a battery of photoreceptors, each with specific and shared signalling outputs. Recently, it has become clear that UV-B radiation is a vital component of the electromagnetic spectrum, guiding growth and being crucial for plant fitness. However, given the large overlap between UV-B specific signalling pathways and other photoreceptors, understanding how plants can distinguish UV-B specific signals from other light components deserves more scrutiny. With recent evidence, we propose that UV-B signalling and other light signalling pathways occur within distinct tissues and cell-types and that the contribution of each pathway depends on the type of response and the developmental stage of the plant. Elucidating the precise site(s) of action of each molecular player within these signalling pathways is key to fully understand how plants are able to orchestrate coordinated responses to light within the whole plant body. Focusing our efforts on the molecular study of light signal interactions to understand plant growth in natural environments in a cell-type specific manner will be a next step in the field of photobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653 B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Yang Y, Li Y, Guang Y, Lin J, Zhou Y, Yu T, Ding F, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Dang F. Red light induces salicylic acid accumulation by activating CaHY5 to enhance pepper resistance against Phytophthora capsici. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad213. [PMID: 38046851 PMCID: PMC10689078 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is frequently challenged by various pathogens, among which Phytophthora capsici is the most devastating to pepper production. Red light signal acts as a positive induction of plant resistance against multiple pathogens. However, little is known about how the red light signal affects pepper resistance to P. capsici infection (PCI). Here, we report that red light regulates salicylic acid (SA) accumulation by activating elongated hypocotyl5 (CaHY5), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, thereby decreasing pepper susceptibility to PCI. Exogenous SA treatment reduced pepper susceptibility to PCI, while silencing of CaPHYB (a red light photoreceptor) increased its susceptibility. PCI significantly induced CaHY5 expression, and silencing of CaHY5 reduced SA accumulation, accompanied by decreases in the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3 (CaPAL3), CaPAL7, pathogenesis-related 1 (CaPR1), and CaPR1L, which finally resulted in higher susceptibility of pepper to PCI. Moreover, CaHY5 was found to activate the expression of CaPAL3 and CaPAL7, which are essential for SA biosynthesis, by directly binding to their promoters. Further analysis revealed that exogenous SA treatment could restore the resistance of CaHY5-silenced pepper plants to PCI. Collectively, this study reveals a critical mechanism through which red light induces SA accumulation by regulating CaHY5-mediated CaPAL3 and CaPAL7 expression, leading to enhanced resistance to PCI. Moreover, red light-induced CaHY5 regulates pepper resistance to PCI, which may have implications for PCI control in protected vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinhui Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural science, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengfeng Dang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
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11
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Muhammad D, Alameldin HF, Oh S, Montgomery BL, Warpeha KM. Arogenate dehydratases: unique roles in light-directed development during the seed-to-seedling transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220732. [PMID: 37600200 PMCID: PMC10433759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The seed-to-seedling transition is impacted by changes in nutrient availability and light profiles, but is still poorly understood. Phenylalanine affects early seedling development; thus, the roles of arogenate dehydratases (ADTs), which catalyze phenylalanine formation, were studied in germination and during the seed-to-seedling transition by exploring the impact of light conditions and specific hormone responses in adt mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. ADT gene expression was assessed in distinct tissues and for light-quality dependence in seedlings for each of the six-member ADT gene family. Mutant adt seedlings were evaluated relative to wild type for germination, photomorphogenesis (blue, red, far red, white light, and dark conditions), anthocyanin accumulation, and plastid development-related phenotypes. ADT proteins are expressed in a light- and tissue-specific manner in transgenic seedlings. Among the analyzed adt mutants, adt3, adt5, and adt6 exhibit significant defects in germination, hypocotyl elongation, and root development responses during the seed-to-seedling transition. Interestingly, adt5 exhibits a light-dependent disruption in plastid development, similar to a phyA mutant. These data indicate interactions between photoreceptors, hormones, and regulation of phenylalanine pools in the process of seedling establishment. ADT5 and ADT6 may play important roles in coordinating hormone and light signals for normal early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- DurreShahwar Muhammad
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hussien F. Alameldin
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Sookyung Oh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Warpeha
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Mankotia S, Singh D, Monika K, Kalra M, Meena H, Meena V, Yadav RK, Pandey AK, Satbhai SB. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 regulates BRUTUS and affects iron acquisition and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1267-1284. [PMID: 36920240 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals. Fe-limitation significantly reduces crop yield and adversely impacts on human nutrition. Owing to limited bioavailability of Fe in soil, plants have adapted different strategies that not only regulate Fe-uptake and homeostasis but also bring modifications in root system architecture to enhance survival. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the root growth responses will have critical implications for plant breeding. Fe-uptake is regulated by a cascade of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in plants. In this study, we report that HY5 (Elongated Hypocotyl 5), a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of TFs, plays an important role in the Fe-deficiency signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The hy5 mutant failed to mount optimum Fe-deficiency responses, and displayed root growth defects under Fe-limitation. Our analysis revealed that the induction of the genes involved in Fe-uptake pathway (FIT-FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, FRO2-FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE 2 and IRT1-IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1) is reduced in the hy5 mutant as compared with the wild-type plants under Fe-deficiency. Moreover, we also found that the expression of coumarin biosynthesis genes is affected in the hy5 mutant under Fe-deficiency. Our results also showed that HY5 negatively regulates BRUTUS (BTS) and POPEYE (PYE). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed direct binding of HY5 to the promoters of BTS, FRO2 and PYE. Altogether, our results showed that HY5 plays an important role in the regulation of Fe-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Mankotia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Dhriti Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kumari Monika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Muskan Kalra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Himani Meena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140306, India
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140306, India
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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13
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Yu J. Maize WRKY28 interacts with the DELLA protein D8 to affect skotomorphogenesis and participates in the regulation of shade avoidance and plant architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3122-3141. [PMID: 36884355 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Competition for light from neighboring vegetation can trigger the shade-avoidance response (SAR) in plants, which is detrimental to their yield. The molecular mechanisms regulating SAR are well established in Arabidopsis, and some regulators of skotomorphogenesis have been found to be involved in the regulation of the SAR and plant architecture. However, the role of WRKY transcription factors in this process has rarely been reported, especially in maize (Zea mays). Here, we report that maize Zmwrky28 mutants exhibit shorter mesocotyls in etiolated seedlings. Molecular and biochemical analyses demonstrate that ZmWRKY28 directly binds to the promoter regions of the Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) gene ZmSAUR54 and the Phytochrome-Interacting Factor (PIF) gene ZmPIF4.1 to activate their expression. In addition, the maize DELLA protein Dwarf Plant8 (D8) interacts with ZmWRKY28 in the nucleus to inhibit its transcriptional activation activity. We also show that ZmWRKY28 participates in the regulation of the SAR, plant height, and leaf rolling and erectness in maize. Taken together, our results reveal that ZmWRKY28 is involved in GA-mediated skotomorphogenic development and can be used as a potential target to regulate SAR for breeding of high-density-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Kircher S, Schopfer P. Photosynthetic sucrose drives the lateral root clock in Arabidopsis seedlings. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00543-2. [PMID: 37207646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant roots is subject to control by light. Here, we show that, similar to monotonous root elongation, the periodic induction of lateral roots (LRs) depends on the activation by light of photomorphogenic and photosynthetic photoreceptors in the shoot in a hierarchical order. The prevailing belief is that the plant hormone auxin serves as a mobile signal transmitter, responsible for interorgan communication, including light-controlled shoot-to-root connections. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the transcription factor HY5 assumes the role as a mobile shoot-to-root signal transmitter. Here, we provide evidence that photosynthetic sucrose produced in the shoot acts as the long-distance signal carrier regulating the local, tryptophan-based biosynthesis of auxin in the LR generation zone of the primary root tip, where the LR clock controls the pace of LR initiation in an auxin-tunable manner. Synchronization of LR formation with primary root elongation allows the adjustment of overall root growth to the photosynthetic performance of the shoot and the maintenance of a constant LR density during light-dark changes in a variable light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kircher
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Schopfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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15
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Singh P, Stevenson SR, Dickinson PJ, Reyna-Llorens I, Tripathi A, Reeves G, Schreier TB, Hibberd JM. C 4 gene induction during de-etiolation evolved through changes in cis to allow integration with ancestral C 3 gene regulatory networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9756. [PMID: 36989352 PMCID: PMC10058240 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis has evolved by repurposing enzymes found in C3 plants. Compared with the ancestral C3 state, accumulation of C4 cycle proteins is enhanced. We used de-etiolation of C4 Gynandropsis gynandra and C3 Arabidopsis thaliana to understand this process. C4 gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis in G. gynandra were tightly coordinated. Although C3 and C4 photosynthesis genes showed similar induction patterns, in G. gynandra, C4 genes were more strongly induced than orthologs from A. thaliana. In vivo binding of TGA and homeodomain as well as light-responsive elements such as G- and I-box motifs were associated with the rapid increase in transcripts of C4 genes. Deletion analysis confirmed that regions containing G- and I-boxes were necessary for high expression. The data support a model in which accumulation of transcripts derived from C4 photosynthesis genes in C4 leaves is enhanced because modifications in cis allowed integration into ancestral transcriptional networks.
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16
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Qian Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Mao T. HY5 inhibits lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis through negative regulation of the microtubule-stabilizing protein TPXL5. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1092-1109. [PMID: 36512471 PMCID: PMC10015163 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tight control of lateral root (LR) initiation is vital for root system architecture and function. Regulation of cortical microtubule reorganization is involved in the asymmetric radial expansion of founder cells during LR initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, critical genetic evidence on the role of microtubules in LR initiation is lacking and the mechanisms underlying this regulation are poorly understood. Here, we found that the previously uncharacterized microtubule-stabilizing protein TPX2-LIKE5 (TPXL5) participates in LR initiation, which is finely regulated by the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). In tpxl5 mutants, LR density was decreased and more LR primordia (LRPs) remained in stage I, indicating delayed LR initiation. In particular, the cell width in the peripheral domain of LR founder cells after the first asymmetric cell division was larger in tpxl5 mutants than in the wild-type. Consistently, ordered transverse cortical microtubule arrays were not well generated in tpxl5 mutants. In addition, HY5 directly targeted the promoter of TPXL5 and downregulated TPXL5 expression. The hy5 mutant exhibited higher LR density and fewer stage I LRPs, indicating accelerated LR initiation. Such phenotypes were partially suppressed by TPXL5 knockout. Taken together, our data provide genetic evidence supporting the notion that cortical microtubules are essential for LR initiation and unravel a molecular mechanism underlying HY5 regulation of TPXL5-mediated microtubule reorganization and cell remodeling during LR initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Yun F, Liu H, Deng Y, Hou X, Liao W. The Role of Light-Regulated Auxin Signaling in Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065253. [PMID: 36982350 PMCID: PMC10049345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root is an important organ for obtaining nutrients and absorbing water and carbohydrates, and it depends on various endogenous and external environmental stimulations such as light, temperature, water, plant hormones, and metabolic constituents. Auxin, as an essential plant hormone, can mediate rooting under different light treatments. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the functions and mechanisms of light-regulated auxin signaling in root development. Some light-response components such as phytochromes (PHYs), cryptochromes (CRYs), phototropins (PHOTs), phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and constitutive photo-morphorgenic 1 (COP1) regulate root development. Moreover, light mediates the primary root, lateral root, adventitious root, root hair, rhizoid, and seminal and crown root development via the auxin signaling transduction pathway. Additionally, the effect of light through the auxin signal on root negative phototropism, gravitropism, root greening and the root branching of plants is also illustrated. The review also summarizes diverse light target genes in response to auxin signaling during rooting. We conclude that the mechanism of light-mediated root development via auxin signaling is complex, and it mainly concerns in the differences in plant species, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), changes of transcript levels and endogenous IAA content. Hence, the effect of light-involved auxin signaling on root growth and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural studies now and in the future.
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18
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Li L, Chen X. Auxin regulation on crop: from mechanisms to opportunities in soybean breeding. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:16. [PMID: 37313296 PMCID: PMC10248601 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breeding crop varieties with high yield and ideal plant architecture is a desirable goal of agricultural science. The success of "Green Revolution" in cereal crops provides opportunities to incorporate phytohormones in crop breeding. Auxin is a critical phytohormone to determine nearly all the aspects of plant development. Despite the current knowledge regarding auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin signaling have been well characterized in model Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants, how auxin regulates crop architecture is far from being understood, and the introduction of auxin biology in crop breeding stays in the theoretical stage. Here, we give an overview on molecular mechanisms of auxin biology in Arabidopsis, and mainly summarize auxin contributions for crop plant development. Furthermore, we propose potential opportunities to integrate auxin biology in soybean (Glycine max) breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
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19
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Lin Q, Gong J, Zhang Z, Meng Z, Wang J, Wang S, Sun J, Gu X, Jin Y, Wu T, yan N, Wang Y, Kai L, Jiang J, Qi S. The Arabidopsis thaliana trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene AtTPPI regulates primary root growth and lateral root elongation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1088278. [PMID: 36714693 PMCID: PMC9880472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1088278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roots are the main organs through which plants absorb water and nutrients. As the key phytohormone involved in root growth, auxin functions in plant environmental responses by modulating auxin synthesis, distribution and polar transport. The Arabidopsis thaliana trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene AtTPPI can improve root architecture, and tppi1 mutants have significantly shortened primary roots. However, the mechanism underlying the short roots of the tppi1 mutant and the upstream signaling pathway and downstream genes regulated by AtTPPI are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the AtTPPI gene could promote auxin accumulation in AtTPPI-overexpressing plants. By comparing the transcriptomic data of tppi1 and wild-type roots, we found several upregulations of auxin-related genes, including GH3.3, GH3.9 and GH3.12, may play an important role in the AtTPPI gene-mediated auxin transport signaling pathway, ultimately leading to changes in auxin content and primary root length. Moreover, increased AtTPPI expression can regulate primary root growth and lateral root elongation under different concentration of nitrate conditions. Overall, constitutive expression of AtTPPI increased auxin contents and improved lateral root elongation, constituting a new method for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zizi Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Gu
- Technical Services and Sales Department, Zhengzhou Xuanyuan Biotechnology Co. LTD, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nuo yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shilian Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Yue L, Pei X, Kong F, Zhao L, Lin X. Divergence of functions and expression patterns of soybean bZIP transcription factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150363. [PMID: 37123868 PMCID: PMC10146240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a major protein and oil crop. Soybean basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are involved in many regulatory pathways, including yield, stress responses, environmental signaling, and carbon-nitrogen balance. Here, we discuss the members of the soybean bZIP family and their classification: 161 members have been identified and clustered into 13 groups. Our review of the transcriptional regulation and functions of soybean bZIP members provides important information for future study of bZIP transcription factors and genetic resources for soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Pei
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoya Lin, ; Lin Zhao,
| | - Xiaoya Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoya Lin, ; Lin Zhao,
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21
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Scion-to-Rootstock Mobile Transcription Factor CmHY5 Positively Modulates the Nitrate Uptake Capacity of Melon Scion Grafted on Squash Rootstock. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010162. [PMID: 36613606 PMCID: PMC9820822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the root uptake capacity of grafted plants strongly depends on the rootstocks' well-developed root system. However, we found that grafted plants showed different nitrate uptake capacities when different varieties of oriental melon scion were grafted onto the same squash rootstock, suggesting that the scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the rootstock root. In this study, we estimated the nitrate uptake capacity of grafted plants with the different oriental melon varieties' seedlings grafted onto the same squash rootstocks. The results indicated a significant difference in the nitrate uptake rate and activity of two heterologous grafting plants. We also showed a significant difference in CmoNRT2.1 expression in the roots of two grafting combinations and verified the positive regulation of nitrate uptake by CmoNRT2.1 expression. In addition, the two varieties of oriental melon scion had highly significant differences in CmHY5 expression, which was transported to the rootstock and positively induced CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2 expression in the rootstock roots. Meanwhile, CmHY5 could positively regulate CmoNRT2.1 expression in the rootstock roots. Furthermore, CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2 also positively regulated CmoNRT2.1 expression, respectively, and CmoHY5-1 dominated the positive regulation of CmoNRT2.1, while CmHY5 could interact with CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2, respectively, to jointly regulate CmoNRT2.1 expression. The oriental melon scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the melon/squash grafting plant roots, and the higher expression of CmHY5 in the oriental melon scion leaves, the more substantial the nitrate uptake capacity of squash rootstock roots.
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22
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Sweetman C, Waterman CD, Wong DC, Day DA, Jenkins CL, Soole KL. Altering the balance between AOX1A and NDB2 expression affects a common set of transcripts in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:876843. [PMID: 36466234 PMCID: PMC9716356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress-responsive components of the mitochondrial alternative electron transport pathway have the capacity to improve tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, particularly the alternative oxidase AOX1A but also external NAD(P)H dehydrogenases such as NDB2, in Arabidopsis. NDB2 and AOX1A can cooperate to entirely circumvent the classical electron transport chain in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Overexpression of AOX1A or NDB2 alone can have slightly negative impacts on plant growth under optimal conditions, while simultaneous overexpression of NDB2 and AOX1A can reverse these phenotypic effects. We have taken a global transcriptomic approach to better understand the molecular shifts that occur due to overexpression of AOX1A alone and with concomitant overexpression of NDB2. Of the transcripts that were significantly up- or down- regulated in the AOX1A overexpression line compared to wild type (410 and 408, respectively), the majority (372 and 337, respectively) reverted to wild type levels in the dual overexpression line. Several mechanisms for the AOX1A overexpression phenotype are proposed based on the functional classification of these 709 genes, which can be used to guide future experiments. Only 28 genes were uniquely up- or down-regulated when NDB2 was overexpressed in the AOX1A overexpression line. On the other hand, many unique genes were deregulated in the NDB2 knockout line. Furthermore, several changes in transcript abundance seen in the NDB2 knockout line were consistent with changes in the AOX1A overexpression line. The results suggest that an imbalance in AOX1A:NDB2 protein levels caused by under- or over-expression of either component, triggers a common set of transcriptional responses that may be important in mitochondrial redox regulation. The most significant changes were transcripts associated with photosynthesis, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Darren C.J. Wong
- College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David A. Day
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Colin L.D. Jenkins
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kathleen L. Soole
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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23
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Sharma P, Mishra S, Burman N, Chatterjee M, Singh S, Pradhan AK, Khurana P, Khurana JP. Characterization of Cry2 genes (CRY2a and CRY2b) of B. napus and comparative analysis of BnCRY1 and BnCRY2a in regulating seedling photomorphogenesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:161-186. [PMID: 35831732 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) perceives blue/UV-A light and regulates photomorphogenesis in plants. However, besides Arabidopsis, CRY2 has been functionally characterized only in native species of japonica rice and tomato. In the present study, the BnCRY2a, generating a relatively longer cDNA and harboring an intron in its 5'UTR, has been characterized in detail. Western blot analysis revealed that BnCRY2a is light labile and degraded rapidly by 26S proteasome when seedlings are irradiated with blue light. For functional analysis, BnCRY2a was over-expressed in Brassica juncea, a related species more amenable to transformation. The BnCRY2a over-expression (BnCRY2aOE) transgenics developed short hypocotyl and expanded cotyledons, accumulated more anthocyanin in light-grown seedlings, and displayed early flowering on maturity. Early flowering in BnCRY2aOE transgenics was coupled with the up-regulation of many flowering-related genes such as FT. The present study also highlights the differential light sensitivity of cry1 and cry2 in controlling hypocotyl elongation growth in Brassica. BnCRY2aOE seedlings developed much shorter hypocotyl under the low-intensity of blue light, while BnCRY1OE seedling hypocotyls were shorter under the high-intensity blue light, compared to untransformed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Proteus Genomics, 218 Summit Parkway, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA
| | - Sushma Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Naini Burman
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Mithu Chatterjee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- AeroFarms, Newark, NJ, 07105, USA
| | - Shipra Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akshay K Pradhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Wei H, He W, Li Z, Ge L, Zhang J, Liu T. Salt-tolerant endophytic bacterium Enterobacter ludwigii B30 enhance bermudagrass growth under salt stress by modulating plant physiology and changing rhizosphere and root bacterial community. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:959427. [PMID: 35982708 PMCID: PMC9380843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.959427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic and ionic induced salt stress suppresses plant growth. In a previous study, Enterobacter ludwigii B30, isolated from Paspalum vaginatum, improved seed germination, root length, and seedling length of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) under salt stress. In this study, E. ludwigii B30 application improved fresh weight and dry weight, carotenoid and chlorophyll levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, indole acetic acid content and K+ concentration. Without E. ludwigii B30 treatment, bermudagrass under salt stress decreased malondialdehyde and proline content, Y(NO) and Y(NPQ), Na+ concentration, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, and abscisic acid content. After E. ludwigii B30 inoculation, bacterial community richness and diversity in the rhizosphere increased compared with the rhizosphere adjacent to roots under salt stress. Turf quality and carotenoid content were positively correlated with the incidence of the phyla Chloroflexi and Fibrobacteres in rhizosphere soil, and indole acetic acid (IAA) level was positively correlated with the phyla Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi in the roots. Our results suggest that E. ludwigii B30 can improve the ability of bermudagrass to accumulate biomass, adjust osmosis, improve photosynthetic efficiency and selectively absorb ions for reducing salt stress-induced injury, while changing the bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere and bermudagrass roots. They also provide a foundation for understanding how the bermudagrass rhizosphere and root microorganisms respond to endophyte inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wei
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziji Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangfa Ge
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juming Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianzeng Liu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Foliar and Root Comparative Metabolomics and Phenolic Profiling of Micro-Tom Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plants Associated with a Gene Expression Analysis in Response to Short Daily UV Treatments. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141829. [PMID: 35890464 PMCID: PMC9319050 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is globally recognised as a high-value crop both for commercial profit and nutritional benefits. In contrast to the extensive data regarding the changes in the metabolism of tomato fruit exposed to UV radiation, less is known about the foliar and root metabolome. Using an untargeted metabolomic approach through UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, we detected thousands of metabolites in the leaves (3000) and roots (2800) of Micro-Tom tomato plants exposed to 11 days of short daily UV radiation, applied only on the aboveground organs. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as OPLS-DA and volcano, were performed to allow a better understanding of the modifications caused by the treatment. Based on the unexpected modulation to the secondary metabolism, especially the phenylpropanoid pathway, of which compounds were down and up accumulated respectively in leaves and roots of treated plants, a phenolic profiling was carried out for both organs. The phenolic profile was associated with a gene expression analysis to check the transcription trend of genes involved in the UVR8 signalling pathway and the early steps of the phenolic biosynthesis. The retention of the modifications at metabolic and phenolic levels was also investigated 3 days after the UV treatment, showing a prolonged effect on the modulation once the UV treatment had ceased.
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Geem KR, Kim J, Bae W, Jee MG, Yu J, Jang I, Lee DY, Hong CP, Shim D, Ryu H. Nitrate enhances the secondary growth of storage roots in Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2022; 47:469-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zeng Y, Schotte S, Trinh HK, Verstraeten I, Li J, Van de Velde E, Vanneste S, Geelen D. Genetic Dissection of Light-Regulated Adventitious Root Induction in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5301. [PMID: 35628112 PMCID: PMC9140560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photomorphogenic responses of etiolated seedlings include the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and opening of the apical hook. In addition, dark-grown seedlings respond to light by the formation of adventitious roots (AR) on the hypocotyl. How light signaling controls adventitious rooting is less well understood. Hereto, we analyzed adventitious rooting under different light conditions in wild type and photomorphogenesis mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Etiolation was not essential for AR formation but raised the competence to form AR under white and blue light. The blue light receptors CRY1 and PHOT1/PHOT2 are key elements contributing to the induction of AR formation in response to light. Furthermore, etiolation-controlled competence for AR formation depended on the COP9 signalosome, E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP1), the COP1 interacting SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) kinase family members (SPA1,2 and 3) and Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIF). In contrast, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), suppressed AR formation. These findings provide a genetic framework that explains the high and low AR competence of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls that were treated with dark, and light, respectively. We propose that light-induced auxin signal dissipation generates a transient auxin maximum that explains AR induction by a dark to light switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwei Zeng
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Sebastien Schotte
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Hoang Khai Trinh
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
- Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Ellen Van de Velde
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant SystemsBiology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Korea
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
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Dai X, Wang J, Wang L, Liu Z, Li Q, Cai Y, Li S, Xiang F. HY5 inhibits in vitro shoot stem cell niches initiation via directly repressing pluripotency and cytokinin pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:781-801. [PMID: 35132706 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of plant regeneration from explants is influenced by phytohormones and environmental conditions. Light has a particularly marked effect on in vitro shoot regeneration, and some light signaling factors are involved in shoot regeneration, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), as the key transcription factor of light signaling, was found to inhibit shoot regeneration under a range of light conditions. The heightened shoot regeneration capacity of the hy5-215 mutant was less marked in the dark than in the light, showing that HY5-mediated inhibition of shoot regeneration is partly light dependent. The co-localization of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) expressions was found to coincide with the initiation of stem cell niches in root explants during shoot regeneration. HY5 could directly repress CLV3 and WUS expression by binding to their respective promoters. In parallel, HY5 indirectly repressed CLV3 and WUS by binding to the ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 (ARR12) promoter. The resulting dual regulation exerted by HY5 on WUS and CLV3 impeded the initiation of shoot stem cell niches. A HY5-mediated inhibitory pathway was identified that links cytokinin signaling and the pluripotency pathway during shoot regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Lili Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250355, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
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Tian X, Jiang Q, Jia Z, Fang Y, Wang Z, Wang J. Identification of TabZIP family members with possible roles in the response to auxin in wheat roots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 196:113103. [PMID: 35091213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin regulates root development and is considered a potential target for improving crop yield. In this study, we identified 22 basic leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIP TFs) that responded to two concentrations (1 and 50 μM) of indole-acetic acid (IAA) during wheat root development by transcriptome analysis. In addition, we identified 176 TabZIP genes from the wheat genome. Phylogenetic classification and gene structure analysis indicated that the 22 auxin-responsive TabZIPs were divided into groups 1 to 9 (except group 3) with different functions. Phenotypic analysis showed that knocking out Arabidopsis AtHY5, which is the homologous gene of TabZIP6D_147 (one of the downregulated auxin-responsive TabZIPs under both 1 and 50 μM IAA that belonged to group 4), resulted in insensitivity to IAA, while the phenotype of TabZIP6D_147/hy5 complementary lines recovered to that of the wild type, suggesting that downregulated TabZIP6D_147 plays a negative role in the auxin signalling pathway. These results revealed that auxin-responsive TabZIP genes may play different roles in root architecture in the response to the two concentrations of auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ziyao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Liu Z, Guo C, Wu R, Wang J, Zhou Y, Yu X, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Liu H, Sun S, Hu M, Qin A, Liu Y, Yang J, Bawa G, Sun X. Identification of the Regulators of Epidermis Development under Drought- and Salt-Stressed Conditions by Single-Cell RNA-Seq. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052759. [PMID: 35269904 PMCID: PMC8911155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants constantly face challenges from the external environment. In order to meet these challenges and survive, plants have evolved a set of sophisticated adaptation strategies, including changes in leaf morphology and epidermal cell development. These developmental patterns are regulated by both light and hormonal signaling pathways. However, our mechanistic understanding of the role of these signaling pathways in regulating plant response to environmental stress is still very limited. By applying single-cell RNA-Seq, we determined the expression pattern of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) 1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 genes in leaf epidermal pavement cells (PCs) and guard cells (GCs). PCs and GCs are very sensitive to environmental stress, and our previous research suggests that these PIFs may be involved in regulating the development of PCs, GCs, and leaf morphology under environmental stress. Growth analysis showed that pif1/3/4/5 quadruple mutant maintained tolerance to drought and salt stress, and the length to width ratio of leaves and petiole length under normal growth conditions were similar to those of wild-type (WT) plants under drought and salt treatment. Analysis of the developmental patterns of PCs and GCs, and whole leaf morphology, further confirmed that these PIFs may be involved in mediating the development of epidermal cells under drought and salt stress, likely by regulating the expression of MUTE and TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) genes. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of plant adaptation to adverse growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaole Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (Z.L.); (C.G.); (R.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (G.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-2401-6285
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Struk S, Braem L, Matthys C, Walton A, Vangheluwe N, Van Praet S, Jiang L, Baster P, De Cuyper C, Boyer FD, Stes E, Beeckman T, Friml J, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. Transcriptional Analysis in the Arabidopsis Roots Reveals New Regulators that Link rac-GR24 Treatment with Changes in Flavonol Accumulation, Root Hair Elongation and Lateral Root Density. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:104-119. [PMID: 34791413 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic strigolactone (SL) analog, rac-GR24, has been instrumental in studying the role of SLs as well as karrikins because it activates the receptors DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) of their signaling pathways, respectively. Treatment with rac-GR24 modifies the root architecture at different levels, such as decreasing the lateral root density (LRD), while promoting root hair elongation or flavonol accumulation. Previously, we have shown that the flavonol biosynthesis is transcriptionally activated in the root by rac-GR24 treatment, but, thus far, the molecular players involved in that response have remained unknown. To get an in-depth insight into the changes that occur after the compound is perceived by the roots, we compared the root transcriptomes of the wild type and the more axillary growth2 (max2) mutant, affected in both SL and karrikin signaling pathways, with and without rac-GR24 treatment. Quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR, reporter line analysis and mutant phenotyping indicated that the flavonol response and the root hair elongation are controlled by the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and MYB12 transcription factors, but HY5, in contrast to MYB12, affects the LRD as well. Furthermore, we identified the transcription factors TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 5 (TMO5) and TMO5 LIKE1 as negative and the Mediator complex as positive regulators of the rac-GR24 effect on LRD. Altogether, hereby, we get closer toward understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlay the rac-GR24 responses in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Nick Vangheluwe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Stan Van Praet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Pawel Baster
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles 78026, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Cell Biology Laboratory, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 75, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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Xiao F, Zhou H. Plant salt response: Perception, signaling, and tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1053699. [PMID: 36684765 PMCID: PMC9854262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms, including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis regulation, as well as hormone or light signaling-mediated growth adjustment, which are regulated by different functional components. Unraveling these adaptive mechanisms and identifying the critical genes involved in salt response and adaption are crucial for developing salt-tolerant cultivars. This review summarizes the current research progress in the regulatory networks for plant salt tolerance, highlighting the mechanisms of salt stress perception, signaling, and tolerance response. Finally, we also discuss the possible contribution of microbiota and nanobiotechnology to plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huapeng Zhou,
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Liu H, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zheng L, Zhang G. Regulatory Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Apple and Pear. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168441. [PMID: 34445149 PMCID: PMC8395115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins contribute to the quality and flavour of fruits. They are produced through the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is regulated by specific key genes that have been identified in many species. The dominant anthocyanin forms are reversibly transformed at different pH states, thus forming different colours in aqueous solutions. In plants, anthocyanins are controlled by specific factors of the biosynthetic pathway: light, temperature, phytohormones and transcription factors. Although great progress in research on anthocyanin structures and the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has been made, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plants remain less clear. In addition, the co-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is poorly understood. In this review, we summarise previous findings on anthocyanin biosynthesis, including the biochemical and biological features of anthocyanins; differences in anthocyanin biosynthesis among fruit species, i.e., apple, red pear, and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; and the developmental and environmental regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. This review reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species and provides valuable information for the development of anthocyanin-rich red-skinned and red-fleshed apple and pear varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zijin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-5880-9453
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Duan X, Xu S, Xie Y, Li L, Qi W, Parizot B, Zhang Y, Chen T, Han Y, Van Breusegem F, Beeckman T, Shen W, Xuan W. Periodic root branching is influenced by light through an HY1-HY5-auxin pathway. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3834-3847.e5. [PMID: 34283998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spacing of lateral roots (LRs) along the main root in plants is driven by an oscillatory signal, often referred to as the "root clock" that represents a pre-patterning mechanism that can be influenced by environmental signals. Light is an important environmental factor that has been previously reported to be capable of modulating the root clock, although the effect of light signaling on the LR pre-patterning has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we reveal that light can activate the transcription of a photomorphogenic gene HY1 to maintain high frequency and amplitude of the oscillation signal, leading to the repetitive formation of pre-branch sites. By grafting and tissue-specific complementation experiments, we demonstrated that HY1 generated in the shoot or locally in xylem pole pericycle cells was sufficient to regulate LR branching. We further found that HY1 can induce the expression of HY5 and its homolog HYH, and act as a signalosome to modulate the intracellular localization and expression of auxin transporters, in turn promoting auxin accumulation in the oscillation zone to stimulate LR branching. These fundamental mechanistic insights improve our understanding of the molecular basis of light-controlled LR formation and provide a genetic interconnection between shoot- and root-derived signals in regulating periodic LR branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanming Xie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lun Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Boris Parizot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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van Gelderen K, Kang C, Li P, Pierik R. Regulation of Lateral Root Development by Shoot-Sensed Far-Red Light via HY5 Is Nitrate-Dependent and Involves the NRT2.1 Nitrate Transporter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660870. [PMID: 33868355 PMCID: PMC8045763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are very effective in responding to environmental changes during competition for light and nutrients. Low Red:Far-Red (low R:FR)-mediated neighbor detection allows plants to compete successfully with other plants for available light. This above-ground signal can also reduce lateral root growth by inhibiting lateral root emergence, a process that might help the plant invest resources in shoot growth. Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plant growth and Arabidopsis thaliana responds to low nitrate conditions by enhancing nutrient uptake and reducing lateral and main root growth. There are indications that low R:FR signaling and low nitrate signaling can affect each other. It is unknown which response is prioritized when low R:FR light- and low nitrate signaling co-occur. We investigated the effect of low nitrate conditions on the low R:FR response of the A. thaliana root system in agar plate media, combined with the application of supplemental Far-Red (FR) light to the shoot. We observed that under low nitrate conditions main and lateral root growth was reduced, but more importantly, that the response of the root system to low R:FR was not present. Consistently, a loss-of-function mutant of a nitrate transporter gene NRT2.1 lacked low R:FR-induced lateral root reduction and its root growth was hypersensitive to low nitrate. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) plays an important role in the root response to low R:FR and we found that it was less sensitive to low nitrate conditions with regards to lateral root growth. In addition, we found that low R:FR increases NRT2.1 expression and that low nitrate enhances HY5 expression. HY5 also affects NRT2.1 expression, however, it depended on the presence of ammonium in which direction this effect was. Replacing part of the nitrogen source with ammonium also removed the effect of low R:FR on the root system, showing that changes in nitrogen sources can be crucial for root plasticity. Together our results show that nitrate signaling can repress low R:FR responses and that this involves signaling via HY5 and NRT2.1.
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Dong H, Hu C, Liu C, Wang J, Zhou Y, Yu J. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 mediates blue light-induced starch degradation in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2627-2641. [PMID: 33377142 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in plants, and its metabolism in chloroplasts depends mainly on light. However, the mechanism through which photoreceptors regulate starch metabolism in chloroplasts is unclear. In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the transcription factor HY5 in chloroplasts in tomato. cry1a mutants and HY5-RNAi plants accumulated more starch and presented lower transcript levels of starch degradation-related genes in their leaves than wild-type plants. Blue light significantly induced the transcription of starch degradation-related genes in wild-type and CRY1a- or HY5-overexpressing plants but had little effect in cry1a and HY5-RNAi plants. Dual-luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR revealed that HY5 could activate the starch degradation-related genes PWD, BAM1, BAM3, BAM8, MEX1, and DPE1 by directly binding to their promoters. Silencing of HY5 and these starch degradation-related genes in CRY1a-overexpressing plants led to increased accumulation of starch and decreased accumulation of soluble sugars. The findings presented here not only deepen our understanding of how light controls starch degradation and sugar accumulation but also allow us to explore potential targets for improving crop quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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Jing Y, Guo Q, Lin R. The SNL-HDA19 histone deacetylase complex antagonizes HY5 activity to repress photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3221-3236. [PMID: 33245784 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of the transcriptome during photomorphogenesis requires dynamic changes in chromatin and distribution of histone modifications. However, the chromatin-based regulation of this process remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify the conserved SWI-INDEPENDENT3 LIKE (SNL)-HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 (HDA19) deacetylase complex, including HDA19 and SNL1-SNL6, as a negative regulator of the light signaling pathway. Light-repression of HDA19 and SNLs expression is mediated by photoreceptors. HDA19 and SNLs are required for histone deacetylation and chromatin inactivation of PHYA gene. We further examined the interaction between SNL-HDA19 complex and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), and their antagonistic regulation on the expressions of target genes. The HDA19 deacetylase complex is recruited by HY5 to the chromatin regions of two positive light signaling genes, HY5 and B-BOX CONTAINING PROTEIN 22 (BBX22), thereby reduces the accessibility and histone acetylation and represses their expression. HDA19, SNL1, and HY5 associate with the same regulatory regions of HY5 and BBX22, and HY5 binding to these loci is enhanced upon SNL-HDA19 dysfunction. Our study reveals a crucial role for the HDA19 deacetylase complex in light signaling and demonstrates that the functional interplay between chromatin regulators and transcription factors regulates photomorphogenetic responses to the changing light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Kreynes AE, Yong Z, Ellis BE. Developmental phenotypes of Arabidopsis plants expressing phosphovariants of AtMYB75. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1836454. [PMID: 33100126 PMCID: PMC7781762 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1836454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis transcription factor Myeloblastosis protein 75 (MYB75, AT1G56650) is a well-established transcriptional activator of genes required for anthocyanin and flavonoid production, and a repressor of lignin and other secondary cell wall biosynthesis genes. MYB75 is itself tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels, including protein phosphorylation by Arabidopsis MAP kinases Examination of the behavior of different phosphovariant versions of MYB75 in vitro and in vivo revealed that overexpression of the MYB75T131E phosphovariant had a particularly marked effect on global changes in gene expression suggesting that phosphorylated MYB75 could be involved in a broader range of functions than previously recognized. Here, we describe a range of distinct developmental phenotypes observed among Arabidopsis lines expressing various phosphovariant forms of MYB75. Expression of either MYB75T131E or MYB75T131A phosphovariants, from the endogenous MYB75 promoter, in Arabidopsis myb75- mutants (Nossen background), resulted in severely impaired germination rates, and developmental arrest at early seedling stages. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing MYB75T131E from a strong constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S) promoter displayed slower development, with delayed bolting, flowering and onset of senescence. Conversely, MYB75T131A -overexpressing lines flowered and set seed earlier than either Col-0 WT controls or other MYB75-overexpressors (MYB75WT and MYB75T131E ). Histochemical analysis of mature stems also revealed ectopic vessel development in plants overexpressing MYB75; this phenotype was particularly prominent in the MYB75T131E phosphovariant. These data suggest that MYB75 plays a significant role in plant development, and that this aspect of MYB75 function is influenced by its phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Kreynes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- CONTACT Anna E. Kreynes Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zhenhua Yong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian E. Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Yadav A, Singh D, Lingwan M, Yadukrishnan P, Masakapalli SK, Datta S. Light signaling and UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1270-1292. [PMID: 32237196 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light plays an important role in plants' growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photoreceptors help plants to perceive light signals of different wavelengths. Activated photoreceptors stimulate the downstream signaling cascades that lead to extensive gene expression changes responsible for physiological and developmental responses. Proteins such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) act as important factors which modulate light-regulated gene expression, especially during seedling development. These factors function as central regulatory intermediates not only in red, far-red, and blue light pathways but also in the UV-B signaling pathway. UV-B radiation makes up only a minor fraction of sunlight, yet it imparts many positive and negative effects on plant growth. Studies on UV-B perception, signaling, and response in plants has considerably surged in recent times. Plants have developed different strategies to use UV-B as a developmental cue as well as to withstand high doses of UV-B radiation. Plants' responses to UV-B are an integration of its cross-talks with both environmental factors and phytohormones. This review outlines the current developments in light signaling with a major focus on UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Maneesh Lingwan
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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40
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Jing Y, Lin R. Transcriptional regulatory network of the light signaling pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:683-697. [PMID: 32289880 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The developmental program by which plants respond is tightly controlled by a complex cascade in which photoreceptors perceive and transduce the light signals that drive signaling processes and direct the transcriptional reprogramming, yielding specific cellular responses. The molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation include light-regulated nuclear localization (the phytochromes and UVR8) and nuclear accumulation (the cryptochrome, cry2) of photoreceptors. This regulatory cascade also includes master regulatory transcription factors (TFs) that bridge photoreceptor activation with chromatin remodeling and regulate the expression of numerous light-responsive genes. Light signaling-related TFs often function as signal convergence points in concert with TFs in other signaling pathways to integrate complex endogenous and environmental cues that help the plant adapt to the surrounding environment. Increasing evidence suggests that chromatin modifications play a critical role in regulating light-responsive gene expression and provide an additional layer of light signaling regulation. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory network involved in the light response, particularly the roles of TFs and chromatin in regulating light-responsive gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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41
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Doroshenko AS, Danilova MN, Andreeva AA, Kudryakova NV, Kuznetsov VV, Kusnetsov VV. The Transcription Factor HY5 Is Involved in the Cytokinin-Dependent Regulation of the Expression of Genes Encoding Proteins Associated with Bacterial Plastid RNA-Polymerase during De-Etiolation of Arabidopsis thaliana. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 492:124-129. [PMID: 32632588 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5), a bZIP transcription factor, is one of the main regulators of light and hormonal signaling. Among the targets of this gene, the genes for the transcriptional complex of chloroplasts whose coordinated expression ensures the initial stages of photomorphogenesis are particularly significant. In this study, we showed that, during de-etiolation, HY5 functions as a positive CK-dependent regulator of the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with plastid RNA polymerase (PAP), which functions below the primary chain of sensing the cytokinin signal. The absence of blocking effect of mutations of the CRY1, CRY2, PHYA, and PHYB photoreceptor genes on the CK-dependent content of PAP gene transcripts indicates the parallel action of the hormone and light in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Doroshenko
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Danilova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Andreeva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Kudryakova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vl V Kuznetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Kusnetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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42
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Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate photoresponses in plants. The genomes of most land plants encode two clades of cryptochromes, CRY1 and CRY2, which mediate distinct and overlapping photoresponses within the same species and between different plant species. Photoresponsive protein-protein interaction is the primary mode of signal transduction of cryptochromes. Cryptochromes exist as physiologically inactive monomers in the dark; the absorption of photons leads to conformational change and cryptochrome homooligomerization, which alters the affinity of cryptochromes interacting with cryptochrome-interacting proteins to form various cryptochrome complexes. These cryptochrome complexes, collectively referred to as the cryptochrome complexome, regulate transcription or stability of photoresponsive proteins to modulate plant growth and development. The activity of cryptochromes is regulated by photooligomerization; dark monomerization; cryptochrome regulatory proteins; and cryptochrome phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. Most of the more than 30 presently known cryptochrome-interacting proteins are either regulated by other photoreceptors or physically interactingwith the protein complexes of other photoreceptors. Some cryptochrome-interacting proteins are also hormonal signaling or regulatory proteins. These two mechanisms enable cryptochromes to integrate blue-light signals with other internal and external signals to optimize plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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43
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Waidmann S, Sarkel E, Kleine-Vehn J. Same same, but different: growth responses of primary and lateral roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2397-2411. [PMID: 31956903 PMCID: PMC7178446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The root system architecture describes the shape and spatial arrangement of roots within the soil. Its spatial distribution depends on growth and branching rates as well as directional organ growth. The embryonic primary root gives rise to lateral (secondary) roots, and the ratio of both root types changes over the life span of a plant. Most studies have focused on the growth of primary roots and the development of lateral root primordia. Comparably less is known about the growth regulation of secondary root organs. Here, we review similarities and differences between primary and lateral root organ growth, and emphasize particularly how external stimuli and internal signals differentially integrate root system growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Sarkel
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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44
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An JP, Wang XF, Espley RV, Lin-Wang K, Bi SQ, You CX, Hao YJ. An Apple B-Box Protein MdBBX37 Modulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Hypocotyl Elongation Synergistically with MdMYBs and MdHY5. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:130-143. [PMID: 31550006 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important environment factor, light affects plant growth and development throughout life. B-BOX (BBX) proteins play key roles in the regulation of light signaling. Although the multiple roles of BBX proteins have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the research in apple is much less extensive. In this study, we systematically characterized the negative role of an apple BBX protein MdBBX37 in light signaling, including inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis and promoting hypocotyl elongation. We found that MdBBX37 interacted with MdMYB1 and MdMYB9, two key positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and inhibited the binding of those two proteins to their target genes and, therefore, negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, MdBBX37 directly bound to the promoter of MdHY5, a positive regulator of light signaling, and suppressed its expression, and thus relieved MdHY5-mediated hypocotyl inhibition. Taken together, our investigations suggest that MdBBX37 is a negative regulator of light signaling in apple. Our study will provide reference for further study on the functions of BBX proteins in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Si-Qi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
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45
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Liu L, Lin N, Liu X, Yang S, Wang W, Wan X. From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormones on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32218794 PMCID: PMC7078671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism have been well described in model plants but not in perennial woody crops. Of particular interest is the interplay between light and hormones under shade conditions. We report that the shade induced accumulation of chlorophylls in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao leaves is at least as a result of (a) positive changes in chloroplast development and (b) light/hormonal regulation of genes and transcription factors involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. Under shade conditions, leaves developed an abundance of enlarged chloroplasts encapsulating more prominent thylakoid membranes. Four major metabolites in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway namely Chl a, Chl b, DPP, and Mg-Proto IX increased under shade conditions while PBG decreased significantly. Significant changes were found at the transcription level of regulators of chloroplast biogenesis (GLK1 and LHCB), the structural genes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (HEMA1, CLH1, PORA, and CAO) and potential components involved in light signaling (PHYA, CRY1, HY5, and DELLAs). Two central signal integrators (GLK1 and LHCB) between the nucleus and chloroplast showed clear responses to shade, suggesting a crucial role of light in regulating chloroplast development in tea leaves. Concurrent with the changes in gene expression, the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins) increased significantly in the later stages of shade conditions. Two key integrators involved in the hormone signal pathways, EIN3 and EBF1/2, increased under shade conditions suggesting that shade induced changes to hormone levels may play some role in modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis in the tea leaves. Overall, this data suggests that the light and hormone influence over chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in Camellia is similar to that of Arabidopsis. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in response to light and hormones in a commercially important woody plant such as Camellia, which may facilitate the breeding of high-chlorophyll tea cultivars for the improvement of sensory features of the green tea product.
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46
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Larskaya I, Gorshkov O, Mokshina N, Trofimova O, Mikshina P, Klepikova A, Gogoleva N, Gorshkova T. Stimulation of adventitious root formation by the oligosaccharin OSRG at the transcriptome level. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 15:1703503. [PMID: 31851577 PMCID: PMC7012187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1703503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharins, which are biologically active oligosaccharide fragments of cell wall polysaccharides, may regulate the processes of growth and development as well as the response to stress factors. We characterized the effect of the oligosaccharin that stimulates rhizogenesis (OSRG) on the gene expression profile in the course of IAA-induced formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl explants of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). The transcriptomes at two stages of IAA-induced root primordium formation (6 h and 24 h after induction) were compared after either treatment with auxin alone or joint treatment with auxin and OSRG. The set of differentially expressed genes indicated the special importance of oligosaccharin at the early stage of auxin-induced adventitious root formation. The list of genes with altered mRNA abundance in the presence of oligosaccharin included those, which Arabidopsis homologs encode proteins directly involved in the response to auxin as well as proteins that contribute to redox regulation, detoxification of various compounds, vesicle trafficking, and cell wall modification. The obtained results contribute to understanding the mechanism of adventitious root formation and demonstrate that OSRG is involved in fine-tuning of ROS and auxin regulatory modes involved in root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larskaya
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Mokshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oksana Trofimova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Klepikova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
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47
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Vega A, O'Brien JA, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate and hormonal signaling crosstalk for plant growth and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:155-163. [PMID: 31726384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential macronutrient for plants, a primary nitrogen source in natural and human-made ecosystems. Nitrate can also act as a signaling molecule that directs genome-wide gene expression changes with an impact on plant metabolism, physiology, growth and development. Nitrate and phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Nitrate-signaling controls plant growth and development using molecular mechanisms that involve phytohormone-signaling pathways. In contrast, many phytohormones modulate or impact nitrate signaling in interconnected pathways. In this review, we explore recent progress in our understanding of well-documented connections between nitrate and phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. We also discuss recent studies connecting nitrate to other phytohormones such as ethylene, salicylic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids. While many molecular details remain to be elucidated, a number of core signaling components at the intersection between nitrate and the major hormonal pathways have been described. We focus on established interactions of nitrate and different hormonal pathways to bring about cellular, growth and developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vega
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - José Antonio O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile; Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile.
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48
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Kumari S, Panigrahi KCS. Light and auxin signaling cross-talk programme root development in plants. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Yeh CM, Kobayashi K, Fujii S, Fukaki H, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M. Blue Light Regulates Phosphate Deficiency-Dependent Primary Root Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1803. [PMID: 32082352 PMCID: PMC7005603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms to improve utilization efficiency or acquisition of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in response to Pi deficiency, such as altering root architecture, secreting acid phosphatases, and activating the expression of genes related to Pi uptake and recycling. Although many genes responsive to Pi starvation have been identified, transcription factors that affect tolerance to Pi deficiency have not been well characterized. We show here that the ectopic expression of B-BOX32 (BBX32) and the mutation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), whose transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by BBX32, resulted in the tolerance to Pi deficiency in Arabidopsis. The primary root lengths of 35S:BBX32 and hy5 plants were only slightly inhibited under Pi deficient condition and the fresh weights were significantly higher than those of wild type. The Pi deficiency-tolerant root phenotype of hy5 was similarly observed when grown on the medium without Pi. In addition, a double mutant, hy5 slr1, without lateral roots, also showed a long primary root phenotype under phosphate deficiency, indicating that the root phenotype of hy5 does not result from an increase of external Pi uptake. Moreover, we found that blue light may regulate Pi deficiency-dependent primary root growth inhibition through activating peroxidase gene expression, suggesting the Pi-deficiency tolerant root phenotype of hy5 may be due to blockage of blue light responses. Altogether, this study points out light quality may play an important role in the regulation of Pi deficiency responses. It may contribute to regulate plant growth under Pi deficiency through proper illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ming Yeh
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Fujii
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaru Ohme-Takagi,
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50
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Kovács H, Aleksza D, Baba AI, Hajdu A, Király AM, Zsigmond L, Tóth SZ, Kozma-Bognár L, Szabados L. Light Control of Salt-Induced Proline Accumulation Is Mediated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1584. [PMID: 31921239 PMCID: PMC6914869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to adapt their metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions, among which the availability of light and water is crucial in determining growth and development. Proline accumulation is one of the sensitive metabolic responses to extreme conditions; it is triggered by salinity or drought and is regulated by light. Here we show that red and blue but not far-red light is essential for salt-induced proline accumulation, upregulation of Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 1 (P5CS1) and downregulation of PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE 1 (PDH1) genes, which control proline biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) binds to G-box and C-box elements of P5CS1 and a C-box motif of PDH1. Salt-induced proline accumulation and P5CS1 expression were reduced in the hy5hyh double mutant, suggesting that HY5 promotes proline biosynthesis through connecting light and stress signals. Our results improve our understanding on interactions between stress and light signals, confirming HY5 as a key regulator in proline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Aleksza
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Abu Imran Baba
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Hajdu
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Mária Király
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Z. Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kozma-Bognár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Szabados,
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