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Liu J, Qiu S, Xue T, Yuan Y. Physiology and transcriptome of Eucommia ulmoides seeds at different germination stages. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2329487. [PMID: 38493506 PMCID: PMC10950268 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2329487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
E. ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides) has significant industrial and medicinal value and high market demand. E. ulmoides grows seedlings through sowing. According to previous studies, plant hormones have been shown to regulate seed germination. To understand the relationship between hormones and E. ulmoides seed germination, we focused on examining the changes in various indicators during the germination stage of E. ulmoides seeds. We measured the levels of physiological and hormone indicators in E. ulmoides seeds at different germination stages and found that the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and indole acetic acid (IAA) significantly varied as the seeds germinated. Furthermore, we confirmed that ABA, GA, and IAA are essential hormones in the germination of E. ulmoides seeds using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses of the transcriptome. The discovery of hormone-related synthesis pathways in the control group of Eucommia seeds at different germination stages further confirmed this conclusion. This study provides a basis for further research into the regulatory mechanisms of E. ulmoides seeds at different germination stages and the relationship between other seed germination and plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Civil and Architecture and Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
- Anhui Low Carbon Highway Engineering Research Center, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Sumei Qiu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Department of Civil and Architecture and Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Yingdan Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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2
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Lescano López I, Torres JR, Cecchini NM, Alvarez ME. Arabidopsis DNA glycosylase MBD4L improves recovery of aged seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38963754 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
DNA glycosylases initiate the base excision repair (BER) pathway by catalyzing the removal of damaged or mismatched bases from DNA. The Arabidopsis DNA glycosylase methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 like (MBD4L) is a nuclear enzyme triggering BER in response to the genotoxic agents 5-fluorouracil and 5-bromouracil. To date, the involvement of MBD4L in plant physiological processes has not been analyzed. To address this, we studied the enzyme functions in seeds. We found that imbibition induced the MBD4L gene expression by generating two alternative transcripts, MBD4L.3 and MBD4L.4. Gene activation was stronger in aged than in non-aged seeds. Seeds from mbd4l-1 mutants displayed germination failures when maintained under control or ageing conditions, while 35S:MBD4L.3/mbd4l-1 and 35S:MBD4L.4/mbd4l-1 seeds reversed these phenotypes. Seed nuclear DNA repair, assessed by comet assays, was exacerbated in an MBD4L-dependent manner at 24 h post-imbibition. Under this condition, the BER genes ARP, APE1L, and LIG1 showed higher expression in 35S:MBD4L.3/mbd4l-1 and 35S:MBD4L.4/mbd4l-1 than in mbd4l-1 seeds, suggesting that these components could coordinate with MBD4L to repair damaged DNA bases in seeds. Interestingly, the ATM, ATR, BRCA1, RAD51, and WEE1 genes associated with the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway were activated in mbd4l-1, but not in 35S:MBD4L.3/mbd4l-1 or 35S:MBD4L.4/mbd4l-1 seeds. These results indicate that MBD4L is a key enzyme of a BER cascade that operates during seed imbibition, whose deficiency would cause genomic damage detected by DDR, generating a delay or reduction in germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Lescano López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - José Roberto Torres
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Miguel Cecchini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - María Elena Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
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Chen J, Liu L, Wang G, Chen G, Liu X, Li M, Han L, Song W, Wang S, Li C, Wang Z, Huang Y, Gu C, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Zhang X. The AGAMOUS-LIKE 16-GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR 1 module regulates axillary bud outgrowth via catabolism of abscisic acid in cucumber. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2689-2708. [PMID: 38581430 PMCID: PMC11218829 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lateral branches are important components of shoot architecture and directly affect crop yield and production cost. Although sporadic studies have implicated abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in axillary bud outgrowth, the function of ABA catabolism and its upstream regulators in shoot branching remain elusive. Here, we showed that the MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (CsAGL16) is a positive regulator of axillary bud outgrowth in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Functional disruption of CsAGL16 led to reduced bud outgrowth, whereas overexpression of CsAGL16 resulted in enhanced branching. CsAGL16 directly binds to the promoter of the ABA 8'-hydroxylase gene CsCYP707A4 and promotes its expression. Loss of CsCYP707A4 function inhibited axillary bud outgrowth and increased ABA levels. Elevated expression of CsCYP707A4 or treatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor largely rescued the Csagl16 mutant phenotype. Moreover, cucumber General Regulatory Factor 1 (CsGRF1) interacts with CsAGL16 and antagonizes CsAGL16-mediated CsCYP707A4 activation. Disruption of CsGRF1 resulted in elongated branches and decreased ABA levels in the axillary buds. The Csagl16 Csgrf1 double mutant exhibited a branching phenotype resembling that of the Csagl16 single mutant. Therefore, our data suggest that the CsAGL16-CsGRF1 module regulates axillary bud outgrowth via CsCYP707A4-mediated ABA catabolism in cucumber. Our findings provide a strategy to manipulate ABA levels in axillary buds during crop breeding to produce desirable branching phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoheng Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengan Yang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Toora PK, Tuan PA, Nguyen TN, Badea A, Ayele BT. Modulation in the ratio of abscisic acid to gibberellin level determines genetic variation of seed dormancy in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 301:154301. [PMID: 38968782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are major regulators of seed dormancy, an adaptive trait closely associated with preharvest sprouting. This study examined transcriptional regulation of ABA and GA metabolism genes and modulation of ABA and GA levels in seeds of barley genotypes exhibiting a range of dormancy phenotype. We observed a very strong negative correlation between genetic variation in seed germination and embryonic ABA level (r = 0.85), which is regulated by transcriptional modulation of HvNCED1 and/or HvCYP707A genes. A strong positive correlation was evident between variation in seed germination and GA level (r = 0.64), mediated via transcriptional regulation of GA biosynthesis genes, HvGA20ox2 and/or HvGA3oxs, and GA catabolism genes, HvGA2ox3 and/or HvGA3ox6. Modulation of the ABA and GA levels in the genotypes led to the prevalence of ABA to GA level ratio that exhibited a very strong negative correlation (r = 0.84) with seed germination, highlighting the importance of a shift in ABA/GA ratio in determining genetic variation of dormancy in barley seeds. Our results overall show that transcriptional regulation of specific ABA and GA metabolism genes underlies genetic variation in ABA/GA ratio and seed dormancy, reflecting the potential use of these genes as molecular tools for enhancing preharvest sprouting resistance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parneet K Toora
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Ana Badea
- Brandon Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, R7A 5Y3
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
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Kępczyński J, Dziurka M, Wójcik A. KAR 1-induced dormancy release in Avena fatua caryopses involves reduction of caryopsis sensitivity to ABA and ABA/GA s ratio in coleorhiza and radicle. PLANTA 2024; 259:126. [PMID: 38635035 PMCID: PMC11026216 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The dormancy release by KAR1 is associated with a reduction of coleorhiza and radicle sensitivity to ABA as well as with reduction the ABA/GAs ratio in the coleorhiza, by a decrease content of ABA, and in the radicle, by a decrease the ABA and an increase of the GAs contents. Both, karrikin 1 (KAR1) and gibberellin A3 (GA3), release dormancy in Avena fatua caryopses, resulting in the emergence of coleorhiza (CE) and radicle (RE). Moreover, KAR1 and GA3 stimulate CE and RE in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA), the stimulation being more effective in CE. The stimulatory effects of KAR1 and GA3 involve also the CE and RE rates. A similar effect was observed at KAR1 concentrations much lower than those of GA3. KAR1 increased the levels of bioactive GA5 and GA6 in embryos and the levels of GA1, GA5, GA3, GA6 and GA4 in radicles. The stimulatory effect of KAR1 on germination, associated with increased levels of gibberellins (GAs) and reduced levels of ABA in embryos, was counteracted by paclobutrazol (PAC), commonly regarded as a GAs biosynthesis inhibitor. Consequently, KAR1 decreased the ABA/GAs ratio, whereas PAC, used alone or in combination with KAR1, increased it. The ABA/GAs ratio was reduced by KAR1 in both coleorhiza and radicle, the effect being stronger in the latter. We present the first evidence that KAR1-induced dormancy release requires a decreased ABA/GAs ratio in coleorhiza and radicle. It is concluded that the dormancy-releasing effect of KAR1 in A. fatua caryopses includes (i) a reduction of the coleorhiza and radicle sensitivity to ABA, and (2) a reduction of the ABA/GAs ratio (i) in the coleorhiza, by decreasing the ABA content, and (ii) in the radicle, by decreasing the ABA and increasing the content GAs, particularly GA1. The results may suggest different mechanisms of dormancy release by KAR1 in monocot and dicot seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kępczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Michal Dziurka
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 20-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Wójcik
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
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Jin X, Li X, Xie Z, Sun Y, Jin L, Hu T, Huang J. Nuclear factor OsNF-YC5 modulates rice seed germination by regulating synergistic hormone signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2825-2847. [PMID: 37706533 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of seed dormancy/germination is of great importance for seedling establishment and crop production. Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors regulate plant growth and development, as well as stress responses; however, their roles in seed germination remain largely unknown. In this study, we reported that NF-Y gene OsNF-YC5 knockout increased, while its overexpression reduced, the seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ABA-induced seed germination inhibition assays showed that the osnf-yc5 mutant was less sensitive but OsNF-YC5-overexpressing lines were more sensitive to exogenous ABA than the wild type. Meanwhile, MeJA treatment substantially enhanced the ABA sensitivity of OsNF-YC5-overexpressing lines during seed germination. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the interaction of OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 9 (SAPK9) with OsNF-YC5 enhanced the stability of OsNF-YC5 by protein phosphorylation, while the interaction between JASMONATE ZIM-domain protein 9 (OsJAZ9) and OsNF-YC5 repressed OsNF-YC5 transcriptional activity and promoted its degradation. Furthermore, OsNF-YC5 transcriptionally activated ABA catabolic gene OsABA8ox3, reducing ABA levels in germinating seeds. However, the transcriptional regulation of OsABA8ox3 by OsNF-YC5 was repressed by addition of OsJAZ9. Notably, OsNF-YC5 improved seed germination under salinity conditions. Further investigation showed that OsNF-YC5 activated the high-affinity K+ transporter gene (OsHAK21) expression, and addition of SAPK9 could increase the transcriptional regulation of OsHAK21 by OsNF-YC5, thus substantially reducing the ROS levels to enhance seed germination under salt stress. Our findings establish that OsNF-YC5 integrates ABA and JA signaling during rice seed germination, shedding light on the molecular networks of ABA-JA synergistic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zizhao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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7
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Elakhdar A, El-Naggar AA, Kubo T, Kumamaru T. Genome-wide transcriptomic and functional analyses provide new insights into the response of spring barley to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14089. [PMID: 38148212 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that impairs the physiology and development of plants, ultimately leading to crop yield losses. Drought tolerance is a complex quantitative trait influenced by multiple genes and metabolic pathways. However, molecular intricacies and subsequent morphological and physiological changes in response to drought stress remain elusive. Herein, we combined morpho-physiological and comparative RNA-sequencing analyses to identify core drought-induced marker genes and regulatory networks in the barley cultivar 'Giza134'. Based on field trials, drought-induced declines occurred in crop growth rate, relative water content, leaf area duration, flag leaf area, concentration of chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and a + b, net photosynthesis, and yield components. In contrast, the Chl a/b ratio, stoma resistance, and proline concentration increased significantly. RNA-sequence analysis identified a total of 2462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1555 were up-regulated and 907 were down-regulated in response to water-deficit stress (WD). Comparative transcriptomics analysis highlighted three unique metabolic pathways (carbohydrate metabolism, iron ion binding, and oxidoreductase activity) as containing genes differentially expressed that could mitigate water stress. Our results identified several drought-induced marker genes belonging to diverse physiochemical functions like chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis, light harvesting, gibberellin biosynthetic, iron homeostasis as well as Cis-regulatory elements. These candidate genes can be utilized to identify gene-associated markers to develop drought-resilient barley cultivars over a short period of time. Our results provide new insights into the understanding of water stress response mechanisms in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Elakhdar
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Naggar
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Takahiko Kubo
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ost C, Cao HX, Nguyen TL, Himmelbach A, Mascher M, Stein N, Humbeck K. Drought-Stress-Related Reprogramming of Gene Expression in Barley Involves Differential Histone Modifications at ABA-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12065. [PMID: 37569441 PMCID: PMC10418636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to drought by the major reprogramming of gene expression, enabling the plant to survive this threatening environmental condition. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) serves as a crucial upstream signal, inducing this multifaceted process. This report investigated the drought response in barley plants (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Morex) at both the epigenome and transcriptome levels. After a ten-day drought period, during which the soil water content was reduced by about 35%, the relative chlorophyll content, as well as the photosystem II efficiency of the barley leaves, decreased by about 10%. Furthermore, drought-related genes such as HvS40 and HvA1 were already induced compared to the well-watered controls. Global ChIP-Seq analysis was performed to identify genes in which histones H3 were modified with euchromatic K4 trimethylation or K9 acetylation during drought. By applying stringent exclusion criteria, 129 genes loaded with H3K4me3 and 2008 genes loaded with H3K9ac in response to drought were identified, indicating that H3K9 acetylation reacts to drought more sensitively than H3K4 trimethylation. A comparison with differentially expressed genes enabled the identification of specific genes loaded with the euchromatic marks and induced in response to drought treatment. The results revealed that a major proportion of these genes are involved in ABA signaling and related pathways. Intriguingly, two members of the protein phosphatase 2C family (PP2Cs), which play a crucial role in the central regulatory machinery of ABA signaling, were also identified through this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ost
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Hieu Xuan Cao
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thuy Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Center of Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle, Germany
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9
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Chakraborty P, Biswas A, Dey S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarty S. Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Defense. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:402-423. [PMID: 37606423 PMCID: PMC10443375 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by the active participation of CYPs in several biosynthetic and detoxifying pathways. There are immense potentialities for using CYPs as a candidate for developing agricultural crop species resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. This review provides an overview of the plant CYP families and their functions to plant secondary metabolite production and defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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10
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Kawaguchi R, Suriyasak C, Matsumoto R, Sawada Y, Sakai Y, Hamaoka N, Sasaki K, Yamane K, Kato Y, Bailly C, Ishibashi Y. Regulation of reactive oxygen species and phytohormones in osmotic stress tolerance during seed germination in indica rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186960. [PMID: 37384363 PMCID: PMC10295146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to global warming is now affecting agricultural production worldwide. In rice, one of the most important crops, water limitation due to irregular rainfall in rainfed lowlands during crop growth limits yield. Dry direct-sowing has been proposed as a water-efficient approach to cope with water stress during rice growth, but poor seedling establishment due to drought during germination and emergence is a problem. Here, we germinated indica rice cultivars Rc348 (drought tolerant) and Rc10 (drought sensitive) under osmotic stress induced by PEG to elucidate mechanisms of germination under drought. Rc348 had higher germination rate and germination index under severe osmotic stress of -1.5 MPa, above those of Rc10. Rc348 showed up-regulated GA biosynthesis, down-regulated ABA catabolism, and up-regulated α-amylase gene expression in imbibed seeds under PEG treatment compared to that of Rc10. During germination, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in antagonism between gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Embryo of Rc348 treated with PEG had significantly greater expression of NADPH oxidase genes and higher endogenous ROS levels, together with significantly increased endogenous GA1, GA4 and ABA contents compared to that of Rc10. In aleurone layers treated with exogenous GA, expression of α-amylase genes was higher in Rc348 than in Rc10, and expression of NADPH oxidase genes was enhanced with significantly higher ROS content in Rc348, suggesting higher sensitivity of GA to ROS production and starch degradation in aleurone cells of Rc348. These results suggest that the osmotic stress tolerance of Rc348 is due to enhancement of ROS production, GA biosynthesis, and GA sensitivity, resulting in a higher germination rate under osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Sawada
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Hamaoka
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koji Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christophe Bailly
- Biologie des Semences, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7622, The Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yushi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Nelson SK, Kanno Y, Seo M, Steber CM. Seed dormancy loss from dry after-ripening is associated with increasing gibberellin hormone levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145414. [PMID: 37275251 PMCID: PMC10232786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The seeds of many plants are dormant and unable to germinate at maturity, but gain the ability to germinate through after-ripening during dry storage. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates seed dormancy, whereas gibberellin A (GA) stimulates dormancy loss and germination. Methods To determine whether dry after-ripening alters the potential to accumulate ABA and GA, hormone levels were measured during an after-ripening time course in dry and imbibing ungerminated seeds of wildtype Landsberg erecta (Ler) and of the highly dormant GA-insensitive mutant sleepy1-2 (sly1-2). Results The elevated sly1-2 dormancy was associated with lower rather than higher ABA levels. Ler germination increased with 2-4 weeks of after-ripening whereas sly1-2 required 21 months to after-ripen. Increasing germination capacity with after-ripening was associated with increasing GA4 levels in imbibing sly1-2 and wild-type Ler seeds. During the same 12 hr imbibition period, after-ripening also resulted in increased ABA levels. Discussion The decreased ABA levels with after-ripening in other studies occurred later in imbibition, just before germination. This suggests a model where GA acts first, stimulating germination before ABA levels decline, and ABA acts as the final checkpoint preventing germination until processes essential to survival, like DNA repair and activation of respiration, are completed. Overexpression of the GA receptor GID1b (GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1b) was associated with increased germination of sly1-2 but decreased germination of wildtype Ler. This reduction of Ler germination was not associated with increased ABA levels. Apparently, GID1b is a positive regulator of germination in one context, but a negative regulator in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven K. Nelson
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Plant and Data Science, Heliponix, LLC, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Camille M. Steber
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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12
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Lu J, Zheng D, Li M, Fu M, Zhang X, Wan X, Zhang S, Chen Q. A hierarchical model of ABA-mediated signal transduction in tea plant revealed by systematic genome mining analysis and interaction validation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:867-878. [PMID: 36694977 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As a critical signaling molecule, ABA plays an important role in plant growth, development and stresses response. However, tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.)], an important economical perennial woody plant, has not been systematically reported in response to ABA signal transduction in vivo. In this study, we mined and identified the gene structure of CsPYL/CsPP2C-A/CsSnRK gene families in the ABA signal transduction pathway through the genome-wide analysis of tea plants. Spatiotemporal expression and stress response (drought, salt, chilling) expression patterns were characterized. The results showed that most members of CsPYLs were conserved, and the gene structures of members of A-type CsPP2Cs were highly similar, whereas the gene structure of CsSnRK2s was highly variable. The transcription levels of different family members were differentially expressed with plant growth and development, and their response to stress signal patterns was highly correlated. The expression patterns of CsPYL/CsPP2C-A/CsSnRK2 gene family members in different tissues of tea plant cuttings after exogenous ABA treatment were detected by qRT-PCR, and the hierarchical model of ABA signaling was constructed by correlation analysis to preliminarily obtain three potential ABA-dependent signaling transduction pathways. Subsequently, the protein interaction of the CsPYL4/7-CsPP2C-A2-CsSnRK2.8 signaling pathway was verified by yeast two-hybrid and surface plasmon resonance experiments, indicating that there is specific selectivity in the ABA signaling pathway. Our results provided novel insights into the ABA-dependent signal transduction model in tea plant and information for future functional characterizations of stress tolerance genes in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Maoyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Peace Avenue, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
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13
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Zheng L, Abe F, Nonogaki M, Kanno Y, Seo M, Nonogaki H, Kawakami N. Modulation of wheat grain dormancy by introducing the recombinant abscisic acid-stimulated abscisic acid biosynthesis gene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:31-41. [PMID: 38213923 PMCID: PMC10777133 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting of cereals greatly reduces yield and quality of the grains. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone for the induction and maintenance of seed dormancy. In this study, the ABA responsive promoter-driven ABA biosynthesis gene system was introduced to common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to enhance ABA production in the embryos and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance of the grains. This system consists of a wheat ABA responsive element containing Early-Methionine-labelled (EM) promoter and a sorghum 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SbNCED) gene which encodes an ABA biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme. Twenty-three independent single-insertion lines were obtained, from which five homozygous lines showing various SbNCED expression levels were selected. Correlations were observed between SbNCED expression, ABA accumulation in the embryos and enhanced dormancy levels of the grains. The engineered wheat grains exhibited a few day-delay in germination, which should be effective in reducing pre-harvest sprouting damage. However, the increase in ABA levels in the recombinant grains was moderate, which explains why germination was not completely suppressed. Further analysis indicated a concomitant increase in the expression of the ABA catabolic enzyme gene TaABA8'OH1 and in the levels of isoleucine-conjugated jasmonic acid, implying the presence of possible negative feedback regulation in the innate system, which should be overcome for future technology development. These findings advance an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of hormone metabolism in seeds and facilitate the development of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Zheng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Abe
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Nonogaki
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nonogaki
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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14
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Zaghdoud C, Ollio I, Solano CJ, Ochoa J, Suardiaz J, Fernández JA, Martínez Ballesta MDC. Red LED Light Improves Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Radicle Emergence and Growth through the Modulation of Aquaporins, Hormone Homeostasis, and Metabolite Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054779. [PMID: 36902208 PMCID: PMC10002511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red LED light (R LED) is an efficient tool to improve seed germination and plant growth under controlled environments since it is more readily absorbed by photoreceptors' phytochromes compared to other wavelengths of the spectrum. In this work, the effect of R LED on the radicle emergence and growth (Phase III of germination) of pepper seeds was evaluated. Thus, the impact of R LED on water transport through different intrinsic membrane proteins, via aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, was determined. In addition, the remobilization of distinct metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and hormones was analysed. R LED induced a higher germination speed index, regulated by an increased water uptake. PIP2;3 and PIP2;5 aquaporin isoforms were highly expressed and could contribute to a faster and more effective hydration of embryo tissues, leading to a reduction of the germination time. By contrast, TIP1;7, TIP1;8, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2 gene expressions were reduced in R LED-treated seeds, pointing to a lower need for protein remobilization. NIP4;5 and XIP1;1 were also involved in radicle growth but their role needs to be elucidated. In addition, R LED induced changes in amino acids and organic acids as well as sugars. Therefore, an advanced metabolome oriented to a higher energetic metabolism was observed, conditioning better seed germination performance together with a rapid water flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Bureau de Transfert de Technologie (BuTT), Université de Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Irene Ollio
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristóbal J. Solano
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan Suardiaz
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325457
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15
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Baud S, Corso M, Debeaujon I, Dubreucq B, Job D, Marion-Poll A, Miquel M, North H, Rajjou L, Lepiniec L. Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology. C R Biol 2023; 345:61-110. [PMID: 36847120 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled "Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research". This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.
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16
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Iglesias-Moya J, Cebrián G, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. The ethylene receptor mutation etr2b reveals crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in the control of Cucurbita pepo germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13864. [PMID: 36718078 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced salt tolerance of squash ethylene-insensitive mutants during germination and early stages of seedling development suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) could mediate this tolerance. To gain insight into the crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in seed germination, the germination rate and early seedling growth of wild type (WT) and ethylene-insensitive etr2b mutant were compared in seeds germinated under water and exogenous ABA treatment. The etr2b seeds germinated earlier than WT under both water and ABA, and the effect of ABA on radicle length and seedling growth of etr2b was lower than in WT, indicating that etr2b is also insensitive to ABA. The comparison of ABA and ethylene contents and ABA and ethylene gene expression profiles in WT and etr2b dry and imbibed seeds in either water, NaCl or ABA demonstrated a clear crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in germination. The expression profiles of ethylene genes in WT and etr2b indicated that the role of ethylene in seed germination does not appear to follow the canonical ethylene signaling pathway. Instead, etr2b reduces ABA content during formation of the seeds (dry seeds) and in response to seed imbibition and germination, which means diminished dormancy in the ethylene mutant. The etr2b mutation downregulated the expression of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes during germination, demonstrating the positive role of ethylene receptor gene CpETR2B on seed germination and early seedling growth in squash is mediated by ABA. The reduced effect of exogenous ABA on ethylene production and ethylene gene expression in etr2b seeds suggests that this regulation is also dependent on ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Gustavo Cebrián
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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17
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Xu F, Tang J, Wang S, Cheng X, Wang H, Ou S, Gao S, Li B, Qian Y, Gao C, Chu C. Antagonistic control of seed dormancy in rice by two bHLH transcription factors. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1972-1982. [PMID: 36471073 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) due to lack of seed dormancy seriously threatens crop production worldwide. As a complex quantitative trait, breeding of crop cultivars with suitable seed dormancy is hindered by limited useful regulatory genes. Here by repeatable phenotypic characterization of fixed recombinant individuals, we report a quantitative genetic locus, Seed Dormancy 6 (SD6), from aus-type rice, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which underlies the natural variation of seed dormancy. SD6 and another bHLH factor inducer of C-repeat binding factors expression 2 (ICE2) function antagonistically in controlling seed dormancy by directly regulating the ABA catabolism gene ABA8OX3, and indirectly regulating the ABA biosynthesis gene NCED2 via OsbHLH048, in a temperature-dependent manner. The weak-dormancy allele of SD6 is common in cultivated rice but undergoes negative selection in wild rice. Notably, by genome editing SD6 and its wheat homologs, we demonstrated that SD6 is a useful breeding target for alleviating PHS in cereals under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuyou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongru Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shujun Ou
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Di Marzo M, Babolin N, Viana VE, de Oliveira AC, Gugi B, Caporali E, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Martínez-Estrada E, Driouich A, de Folter S, Colombo L, Ezquer I. The Genetic Control of SEEDSTICK and LEUNIG-HOMOLOG in Seed and Fruit Development: New Insights into Cell Wall Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3146. [PMID: 36432874 PMCID: PMC9698089 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although much is known about seed and fruit development at the molecular level, many gaps remain in our understanding of how cell wall modifications can impact developmental processes in plants, as well as how biomechanical alterations influence seed and fruit growth. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana constitute an excellent tool to study the function of gene families devoted to cell wall biogenesis. We have characterized a collection of lines carrying mutations in representative cell wall-related genes for seed and fruit size developmental defects, as well as altered germination rates. We have linked these studies to cell wall composition and structure. Interestingly, we have found that disruption of genes involved in pectin maturation and hemicellulose deposition strongly influence germination dynamics. Finally, we focused on two transcriptional regulators, SEEDSTICK (STK) and LEUNIG-HOMOLOG (LUH), which positively regulate seed growth. Herein, we demonstrate that these factors regulate specific aspects of cell wall properties such as pectin distribution. We propose a model wherein changes in seed coat structure due to alterations in the xyloglucan-cellulose matrix deposition and pectin maturation are critical for organ growth and germination. The results demonstrate the importance of cell wall properties and remodeling of polysaccharides as major factors responsible for seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Babolin
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gugi
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, UNIROUEN—Universitè de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Elisabetta Caporali
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Estrada
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, UNIROUEN—Universitè de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Rehal PK, Tuan PA, Nguyen TN, Cattani DJ, Humphreys DG, Ayele BT. Genetic variation of seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is mediated by transcriptional regulation of abscisic acid metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111432. [PMID: 36029895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates seed dormancy and therefore preharvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat. This study investigated the contribution of transcriptional regulation of ABA metabolism and signaling genes to genetic variation in dormancy of wheat seeds. Our results showed that genetic variation in seed dormancy is highly correlated with ABA content (r > 0.86), which, in turn, was closely associated with the expression levels of ABA biosynthesis genes, TaNCED1 (r = 0.78) and TaNCED2 (r = 0.67). A relatively lower correlation was observed between ABA content and the expression levels of ABA catabolism genes, TaCYP707A1 (r = 0.51) and TaCYP707A2 (r = 0.57). The expression level of TaABI5 exhibited strong associations with the levels of ABA (r = 0.8) and seed dormancy (r > 0.9), indicating the importance of seed ABA sensitivity in mediating genetic variation in dormancy. Furthermore, high positive correlations were prevalent between the expression patterns of TaABI5 and TaNCED1 (r = 0.91) or TaNCED2 (r = 0.82). Overall, our results implicated the significance of TaNCEDs and TaABI5 in regulating genetic variation in ABA level and sensitivity and thereby seed dormancy, highlighting the potential use of these genes to develop molecular markers for incorporating PHS resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanpuneet K Rehal
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Douglas J Cattani
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D Gavin Humphreys
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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20
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Sakai Y, Suriyasak C, Inoue M, Hamaoka N, Ishibashi Y. Heat stress during grain filling regulates seed germination through alterations of DNA methylation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:325-332. [PMID: 35581415 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation levels of ROS, GA and ABA related gene promoters cause transcriptional changes upon imbibition to induce seed germination in barley seeds exposed to heat stress during grain filling. Environmental changes, especially changes in temperature, during seed development affect germination in several plant species. We have previously shown that heat stress during rice grain filling alters DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark important for gene silencing, regulates transcript levels of phytohormone metabolism genes, and delays seed germination. However, whether this phenomenon is present in other plant species remained to be elucidated. In this study, we compared seeds germination of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants grown at 15 °C (control) or 25 °C (heat stress) during grain filling. Heat stress during grain filling significantly promoted seed germination in comparison with the control. The phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) and reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidases promote seed germination, whereas phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) suppresses seed germination. We found that in heat-stressed seeds, genes related to ABA biosynthesis (HvNCED1 and 2) were significantly suppressed, whereas genes related to ABA catabolism (HvABA8'OH) and GA biosynthesis (HvHA20ox, HvGA3ox), and NADPH oxidase (HvRboh) genes were significantly upregulated after imbibition. Using MeDIP-qPCR, we showed that the promoters of HvNCED were hyper-methylated, and those of HvABA8'OH1, HvABA8'OH3, HvGA3ox2, and HvRbohF2 were hypo-methylated in heat treated seeds. Taken together, our data suggest that heat stress during grain filling affects DNA methylation of germination-related genes and promotes seed germination in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakai
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Miki Inoue
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Hamaoka
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yushi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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21
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Rehmani MS, Aziz U, Xian B, Shu K. Seed Dormancy and Longevity: A Mutual Dependence or a Trade-Off? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1029-1037. [PMID: 35594901 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in cereals and leguminous crops as low levels of seed dormancy during harvest season, coupled with high humidity, can cause preharvest sprouting. Seed longevity is another critical trait for commercial crop propagation and production, directly influencing seed germination and early seedling establishment. Both traits are precisely regulated by the integration of genetic and environmental cues. Despite the significance of these two traits in crop production, the relationship between them at the molecular level is still elusive, even with contradictory conclusions being reported. Some studies have proposed a positive correlation between seed dormancy and longevity in association with differences in seed coat permeability or seed reserve accumulation, whereas an increasing number of studies have highlighted a negative relationship, largely with respect to phytohormone-dependent pathways. In this review paper, we try to provide some insights into the interactions between regulatory mechanisms of genetic and environmental cues, which result in positive or negative relationships between seed dormancy and longevity. Finally, we conclude that further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for this apparently contradictory relationship between them is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Usman Aziz
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, No. 45, Gaoxin South 9 Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
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22
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Niu L, Du C, Wang W, Zhang M, Wang W, Liu H, Zhang J, Wu X. Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses of key genes and pathways associated with differential abscisic acid accumulation during maize seed maturation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:359. [PMID: 35869440 PMCID: PMC9308322 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, mechanical maize kernel harvesting has not been fully utilized in developing countries including China, partly due to the absence of suitable cultivars capable of rapid desiccation during seed maturation. The initiation of rapid desiccation during seed maturation is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA). For further characterization of ABA-regulated key genes and cellular events, it is necessary to perform transcriptome analysis of maize developing embryos. The ABA synthesis-deficient mutant (vp5) and normal maize (Vp5) seeds are suitable materials for such purpose. RESULTS In the present work, developing vp5 and Vp5 embryos were compared by ABA content and transcriptome analyses. Quantitative analysis revealed the significant difference in ABA synthesis between both genotypes. From 29 days after pollination (DAP), ABA content increased rapidly in Vp5 embryos, but decreased gradually in vp5 embryos. At 36 DAP, ABA level in vp5 decreased to 1/4 that of Vp5, suggesting that the differential ABA levels would affect seed maturation. Comparative transcriptomic analysis has found 1019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between both genotypes, with the most DEGs (818) at 36 DAP. Further, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed eight DEGs co-expression modules. Particularly, a module was negatively correlated with ABA content in vp5 embryos. The module was mainly involved in metabolic and cellular processes, and its hub genes encoded thiamine, NPF proteins, calmodulin, metallothionein etc. Moreover, the expression of a set of key genes regulated by ABA was further verified by RT-qPCR. The results of the present work suggested that because of ABA deficiency, the vp5 seeds maintained strong metabolic activities and lacked dormancy initiation during seed maturation. CONCLUSION Transcriptome and WGCNA analyses revealed significant ABA-related changes in metabolic pathways and DEGs between vp5 and Vp5 during seed maturation. The results would provide insights for elucidating the molecular mechanism of ABA signaling and developing high dehydration tolerance maize suitable for mechanical harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Iwasaki M, Penfield S, Lopez-Molina L. Parental and Environmental Control of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:355-378. [PMID: 35138879 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-090750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy-the absence of seed germination under favorable germination conditions-is a plant trait that evolved to enhance seedling survival by avoiding germination under unsuitable environmental conditions. In Arabidopsis, dormancy levels are influenced by the seed coat composition, while the endosperm is essential to repress seed germination of dormant seeds upon their imbibition. Recent research has shown that the mother plant modulates its progeny seed dormancy in response to seasonal temperature changes by changing specific aspects of seed coat and endosperm development. This process involves genomic imprinting by means of epigenetic marks deposited in the seed progeny and regulators previously known to regulate flowering time. This review discusses and summarizes these discoveries and provides an update on our present understanding of the role of DOG1 and abscisic acid, two key contributors to dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Iwasaki
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Steven Penfield
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Lopez-Molina
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Chandrasekaran U, Zhao X, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Endosperm weakening: The gateway to a seed's new life. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:31-39. [PMID: 35276594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, during which the embryo, surrounded by several tissues, undergoes a transition from the quiescent to a highly active state. Endosperm weakening, a key step in this transition, plays an important role in radicle protrusion. Endosperm weakening is initiated upon water uptake, followed by multiple key molecular events occurring within and outside endosperm cells. Although available transcriptomes have provided information about pivotal genes involved in this process, a complete understanding of the signaling pathways are yet to be elucidated. Much remains to be learnt about the diverse intercellular signals, such as reactive oxygen species-mediated redox signals, phytohormone crosstalk, environmental cue-dependent oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisomal-mediated pectin degradation, and storage protein mobilization during endosperm cell wall loosening. This review discusses the evidences from recent researches into the mechanism of endosperm weakening. Further, given that the endosperm has great potential for manipulation by crop breeding and biotechnology, we offer several novel insights, which will be helpful in this research field and in its application to the improvement of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China.
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25
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Cueff G, Rajjou L, Hoang HH, Bailly C, Corbineau F, Leymarie J. In-Depth Proteomic Analysis of the Secondary Dormancy Induction by Hypoxia or High Temperature in Barley Grains. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:550-564. [PMID: 35139224 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In barley, incubation of primary dormant (D1) grains on water under conditions that do not allow germination, i.e. 30°C in air and 15°C or 30°C in 5% O2, induces a secondary dormancy (D2) expressed as a loss of the ability to germinate at 15°C in air. The aim of this study was to compare the proteome of barley embryos isolated from D1 grains and D2 ones after induction of D2 at 30°C or in hypoxia at 15°C or 30°C. Total soluble proteins were analyzed by 2DE gel-based proteomics, allowing the selection of 130 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) among 1,575 detected spots. According to the protein abundance profiles, the DAPs were grouped into six abundance-based similarity clusters. Induction of D2 is mainly characterized by a down-accumulation of proteins belonging to cluster 3 (storage proteins, proteases, alpha-amylase inhibitors and histone deacetylase HD2) and an up-accumulation of proteins belonging to cluster 4 (1-Cys peroxiredoxin, lipoxygenase2 and caleosin). The correlation-based network analysis for each cluster highlighted central protein hub. In addition, most of genes encoding DAPs display high co-expression degree with 19 transcription factors. Finally, this work points out that similar molecular events accompany the modulation of dormancy cycling by both temperature and oxygen, including post-translational, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendal Cueff
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Hai Ha Hoang
- UMR7622 CNRS-UPMC Biologie du Développement, Biologie des semences, Sorbonne Université, boîte 24, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Christophe Bailly
- UMR7622 CNRS-UPMC Biologie du Développement, Biologie des semences, Sorbonne Université, boîte 24, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Françoise Corbineau
- UMR7622 CNRS-UPMC Biologie du Développement, Biologie des semences, Sorbonne Université, boîte 24, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- UMR7622 CNRS-UPMC Biologie du Développement, Biologie des semences, Sorbonne Université, boîte 24, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES Paris-Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil 94010, France
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26
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In Dormant Red Rice Seeds, the Inhibition of Early Seedling Growth, but Not of Germination, Requires Extracellular ABA. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081023. [PMID: 35448751 PMCID: PMC9025618 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits seed germination and seedling growth and is required for the inception of dormancy. Xanthoxal (also known as xanthoxin) is the first specific biosynthetic precursor of ABA. In this study, a modified method to produce xanthoxal is described. I tested the ability of either xanthoxal or ABA to reinstate dormancy in dormant red rice seeds whose dormancy was broken by fluridone (an inhibitor of the synthesis of carotenoids and, subsequently, ABA). Xanthoxal was shown to have a stronger inhibitory effect on germination than ABA when exogenously provided. Although this could indicate an additional effect of xanthoxal above that expected if xanthoxal were simply converted to ABA in the seed, alternative hypotheses cannot be excluded. One alternative is that exogenous xanthoxal may be trapped inside the cells to a greater extent than exogenous ABA, resulting in an intracellular level of ABA higher than that reached with a direct application of ABA. As a further alternative, exogenous xanthoxal may interfere with ABA action in the apoplast. In this study, following germination, early seedling growth was delayed only if ABA was applied. This suggests that inhibition of early seedling growth, but not of germination, requires extracellular ABA.
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27
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Di Marzo M, Viana VE, Banfi C, Cassina V, Corti R, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Babolin N, Guazzotti A, Kiegle E, Gregis V, de Folter S, Sampedro J, Mantegazza F, Colombo L, Ezquer I. Cell wall modifications by α-XYLOSIDASE1 are required for control of seed and fruit size in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1499-1515. [PMID: 34849721 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall modifications are of pivotal importance during plant development. Among cell wall components, xyloglucans are the major hemicellulose polysaccharide in primary cell walls of dicots and non-graminaceous monocots. They can connect the cellulose microfibril surface to affect cell wall mechanical properties. Changes in xyloglucan structure are known to play an important role in regulating cell growth. Therefore, the degradation of xyloglucan is an important modification that alters the cell wall. The α-XYLOSIDASE1 (XYL1) gene encodes the only α-xylosidase acting on xyloglucans in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we showed that mutation of XYL1 strongly influences seed size, seed germination, and fruit elongation. We found that the expression of XYL1 is directly regulated in developing seeds and fruit by the MADS-box transcription factor SEEDSTICK. We demonstrated that XYL1 complements the stk smaller seed phenotype. Finally, by atomic force microscopy, we investigated the role of XYL1 activity in maintaining cell stiffness and growth, confirming the importance of cell wall modulation in shaping organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | - Camilla Banfi
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Corti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Nicola Babolin
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Guazzotti
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Edward Kiegle
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Javier Sampedro
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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28
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Li H, Li X, Wang G, Zhang J, Wang G. Analysis of gene expression in early seed germination of rice: landscape and genetic regulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35176996 PMCID: PMC8851807 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed germination is a crucial process, which determines the initiation of seed plant life cycle. The early events during this important life cycle transition that called early seed germination is defined as initially water uptake plus radicle growing out of the covering seed layers. However, a specific genome-wide analysis of early seed germination in rice is still obscure. RESULTS In this study, the physiological characteristics of rice seed during seed germination are determined to define key points of early seed germination. Transcriptome analyses of early phase of seed germination provided deeper insight into the genetic regulation landscape. Many genes involved in starch-to-sucrose transition were differentially expressed, especially alpha-amylase 1b and beta-amylase 2, which were predominantly expressed. Differential exon usage (DEU) genes were identified, which were significantly enriched in the pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism, indicating that DEU events were critical for starch-to-sucrose transition at early seed germination. Transcription factors (TFs) were also dramatic expressed, including the abscisic acid (ABA) responsive gene, OsABI5, and gibberellic acid (GA) responsive genes, GAI. Moreover, GAI transactivated GA responsive gene, GAMYB in vivo, indicating a potential pathway involved in early seed germination process. In addition, CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) genes, such as CIPK13, CIPK14 and CIPK17 were potentially interacted with other proteins, indicating its pivotal role at early seed germination. CONCLUSION Taken together, gene regulation of early seed germination in rice was complex and protein-to-gene or protein-to-protein interactions were indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaozheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guanjie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guanqun Wang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Ali F, Qanmber G, Li F, Wang Z. Updated role of ABA in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination. J Adv Res 2022; 35:199-214. [PMID: 35003801 PMCID: PMC8721241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional ABA biosynthesis genes show specific roles for ABA accumulation at different stages of seed development and seedling establishment. De novo ABA biosynthesis during embryogenesis is required for late seed development, maturation, and induction of primary dormancy. ABA plays multiple roles with the key LAFL hub to regulate various downstream signaling genes in seed and seedling development. Key ABA signaling genes ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 play important multiple functions with various cofactors during seed development such as de-greening, desiccation tolerance, maturation, dormancy, and seed vigor. The crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones are complicated and important for seed development and seedling establishment.
Background Seed is vital for plant survival and dispersion, however, its development and germination are influenced by various internal and external factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones that influence seed development and germination. Until now, impressive progresses in ABA metabolism and signaling pathways during seed development and germination have been achieved. At the molecular level, ABA biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling genes were identified to play important roles in seed development and germination. Additionally, the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones such as gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), Brassinolide (BR), and auxin also play critical roles. Although these studies explored some actions and mechanisms by which ABA-related factors regulate seed morphogenesis, dormancy, and germination, the complete network of ABA in seed traits is still unclear. Aim of review Presently, seed faces challenges in survival and viability. Due to the vital positive roles in dormancy induction and maintenance, as well as a vibrant negative role in the seed germination of ABA, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of various ABA regulators that are involved in seed dormancy and germination with the updated knowledge and draw a better network for the underlying mechanisms of the ABA, which would advance the understanding and artificial modification of the seed vigor and longevity regulation. Key scientific concept of review Here, we review functions and mechanisms of ABA in different seed development stages and seed germination, discuss the current progresses especially on the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones and signaling molecules, address novel points and key challenges (e.g., exploring more regulators, more cofactors involved in the crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones, and visualization of active ABA in the plant), and outline future perspectives for ABA regulating seed associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Hisano H, Hoffie RE, Abe F, Munemori H, Matsuura T, Endo M, Mikami M, Nakamura S, Kumlehn J, Sato K. Regulation of germination by targeted mutagenesis of grain dormancy genes in barley. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:37-46. [PMID: 34459083 PMCID: PMC8710902 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High humidity during harvest season often causes pre-harvest sprouting in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Prolonged grain dormancy prevents pre-harvest sprouting; however, extended dormancy can interfere with malt production and uniform germination upon sowing. In this study, we used Cas9-induced targeted mutagenesis to create single and double mutants in QTL FOR SEED DORMANCY 1 (Qsd1) and Qsd2 in the same genetic background. We performed germination assays in independent qsd1 and qsd2 single mutants, as well as in two double mutants, which revealed a strong repression of germination in the mutants. These results demonstrated that normal early grain germination requires both Qsd1 and Qsd2 function. However, germination of qsd1 was promoted by treatment with 3% hydrogen peroxide, supporting the notion that the mutants exhibit delayed germination. Likewise, exposure to cold temperatures largely alleviated the block of germination in the single and double mutants. Notably, qsd1 mutants partially suppress the long dormancy phenotype of qsd2, while qsd2 mutant grains failed to germinate in the light, but not in the dark. Consistent with the delay in germination, abscisic acid accumulated in all mutants relative to the wild type, but abscisic acid levels cannot maintain long-term dormancy and only delay germination. Elucidation of mutant allele interactions, such as those shown in this study, are important for fine-tuning traits that will lead to the design of grain dormancy through combinations of mutant alleles. Thus, these mutants will provide the necessary germplasm to study grain dormancy and germination in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hisano
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiJapan
| | - Robert E. Hoffie
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenStadt SeelandGermany
| | | | - Hiromi Munemori
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiJapan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiJapan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNAROTsukubaJapan
| | | | | | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenStadt SeelandGermany
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiJapan
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Suntichaikamolkul N, Sangpong L, Schaller H, Sirikantaramas S. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of durian CYPome related to fruit ripening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260665. [PMID: 34847184 PMCID: PMC8631664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is a major economic crop native to Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, understanding durian fruit ripening is an important factor in its market worldwide, owing to the fact that it is a climacteric fruit with a strikingly limited shelf life. However, knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of durian fruit ripening is still limited. Herein, we focused on cytochrome P450, a large enzyme family that regulates many biosynthetic pathways of plant metabolites and phytohormones. Deep mining of the durian genome and transcriptome libraries led to the identification of all P450s that are potentially involved in durian fruit ripening. Gene expression validation by RT-qPCR showed a high correlation with the transcriptome libraries at five fruit ripening stages. In addition to aril-specific and ripening-associated expression patterns, putative P450s that are potentially involved in phytohormone metabolism were selected for further study. Accordingly, the expression of CYP72, CYP83, CYP88, CYP94, CYP707, and CYP714 was significantly modulated by external treatment with ripening regulators, suggesting possible crosstalk between phytohormones during the regulation of fruit ripening. Interestingly, the expression levels of CYP88, CYP94, and CYP707, which are possibly involved in gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, were significantly different between fast- and slow-post-harvest ripening cultivars, strongly implying important roles of these hormones in fruit ripening. Taken together, these phytohormone-associated P450s are potentially considered additional molecular regulators controlling ripening processes, besides ethylene and auxin, and are economically important biological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiwat Suntichaikamolkul
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lalida Sangpong
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Née G, Châtel-Innocenti G, Meimoun P, Leymarie J, Montrichard F, Satour P, Bailly C, Issakidis-Bourguet E. A New Role for Plastid Thioredoxins in Seed Physiology in Relation to Hormone Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910395. [PMID: 34638735 PMCID: PMC8508614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis seeds, ROS have been shown to be enabling actors of cellular signaling pathways promoting germination, but their accumulation under stress conditions or during aging leads to a decrease in the ability to germinate. Previous biochemical work revealed that a specific class of plastid thioredoxins (Trxs), the y-type Trxs, can fulfill antioxidant functions. Among the ten plastidial Trx isoforms identified in Arabidopsis, Trx y1 mRNA is the most abundant in dry seeds. We hypothesized that Trx y1 and Trx y2 would play an important role in seed physiology as antioxidants. Using reverse genetics, we found important changes in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutant seeds. They display remarkable traits such as increased longevity and higher and faster germination in conditions of reduced water availability or oxidative stress. These phenotypes suggest that Trxs y do not play an antioxidant role in seeds, as further evidenced by no changes in global ROS contents and protein redox status found in the corresponding mutant seeds. Instead, we provide evidence that marker genes of ABA and GAs pathways are perturbed in mutant seeds, together with their sensitivity to specific hormone inhibitors. Altogether, our results suggest that Trxs y function in Arabidopsis seeds is not linked to their previously identified antioxidant roles and reveal a new role for plastid Trxs linked to hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Née
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Châtel-Innocenti
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Pascale Satour
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Christophe Bailly
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Gu Q, Ke H, Liu C, Lv X, Sun Z, Liu Z, Rong W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang G, Wang X, Ma Z. A stable QTL qSalt-A04-1 contributes to salt tolerance in the cotton seed germination stage. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2399-2410. [PMID: 33928409 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A stable QTL qSalt-A04-1 for salt tolerance in the cotton seed germination stage, and two candidate genes, GhGASA1 and GhADC2, that play negative roles by modulating the GA and PA signalling pathways, respectively, were identified. The successful transition of a seed into a seedling is a prerequisite for plant propagation and crop yield. Germination is a vulnerable stage in a plant's life cycle that is strongly affected by environmental conditions, such as salinity. In this study, we identified a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL) qRGR-A04-1 associated with the relative germination rate (RGR) after salt stress treatment based on a high-density genetic map under phytotron and field conditions, with LOD values that ranged from 6.65 to 16.83 and 6.11-12.63% phenotypic variations in all five environmental tests. Two candidate genes with significantly differential expression between the two parents were finally identified through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. Further functional analyses showed that GhGASA1- and GhADC2-overexpression lines were more sensitive to salt stress than wild-type Arabidopsis based on the regulation of the transcript levels of gibberellic acid (GA)- and polyamine (PA)- related genes in GA and PA biosynthesis and the reduction in the accumulation of GA and PA, respectively, under salt stress. Virus-induced gene silencing analysis showed that TRV:GASA1 and TRV:ADC2 were more tolerant to salt stress than TRV:00 based on the increased expression of GA synthesis genes and decreased H2O2 content, respectively. Taken together, our results suggested that QTL qRGR-A04-1 and its two harboured genes, GhGASA1 and GhADC2, are promising candidates for salt tolerance improvement in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Rong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Sano N, Marion-Poll A. ABA Metabolism and Homeostasis in Seed Dormancy and Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5069. [PMID: 34064729 PMCID: PMC8151144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that promotes dormancy during seed development on the mother plant and after seed dispersal participates in the control of dormancy release and germination in response to environmental signals. The modulation of ABA endogenous levels is largely achieved by fine-tuning, in the different seed tissues, hormone synthesis by cleavage of carotenoid precursors and inactivation by 8'-hydroxylation. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on ABA metabolism in developing and germinating seeds; notably, how environmental signals such as light, temperature and nitrate control seed dormancy through the adjustment of hormone levels. A number of regulatory factors have been recently identified which functional relationships with major transcription factors, such as ABA INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), ABI4 and ABI5, have an essential role in the control of seed ABA levels. The increasing importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of ABA metabolism gene expression is also described. In the last section, we give an overview of natural variations of ABA metabolism genes and their effects on seed germination, which could be useful both in future studies to better understand the regulation of ABA metabolism and to identify candidates as breeding materials for improving germination properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Marion-Poll
- IJPB Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
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ATHB2 is a negative regulator of germination in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9688. [PMID: 33958633 PMCID: PMC8102570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The germination timing of seeds is of the utmost adaptive importance for plant populations. Light is one of the best characterized factors promoting seed germination in several species. The germination is also finely regulated by changes in hormones levels, mainly those of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Here, we performed physiological, pharmacological, and molecular analyses to uncover the role of ATHB2, an HD-ZIP II transcription factor, in germination of Arabidopsis seeds. Our study demonstrated that ATHB2 is a negative regulator and sustains the expression of transcription factors to block germination promoted by light. Besides, we found that ATHB2 increases ABA sensitivity. Moreover, ABA and auxin content in athb2-2 mutant is higher than wild-type in dry seeds, but the differences disappeared during the imbibition in darkness and the first hours of exposition to light, respectively. Some ABA and light transcription factors are up-regulated by ATHB2, such as ABI5, ABI3, XERICO, SOMNUS and PIL5/PIF1. In opposition, PIN7, an auxin transport, is down-regulated. The role of ATHB2 as a repressor of germination induced by light affecting the gemination timing, could have differential effects on the establishment of seedlings altering the competitiveness between crops and weeds in the field.
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Park S, Wijeratne AJ, Moon Y, Waterland NL. Time-course transcriptomic analysis of Petunia ×hybrida leaves under water deficit stress using RNA sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250284. [PMID: 33901201 PMCID: PMC8075263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit limits plant growth and development, resulting in quality loss of horticultural crops. However, there is limited information on gene regulation and signaling pathways related to water deficit stress response at multiple time points. The objective of this research was to investigate global gene expression patterns under water deficit stress to provide an insight into how petunia (Petunia ×hybrida 'Mitchell Diploid') responded in the process of stress. Nine-week-old petunias were irrigated daily or placed under water stress by withholding water. Stressed plants reduced stomatal conductance after five days of water deficit, indicating they perceived stress and initiated stress response mechanisms. To analyze transcriptomic changes at the early stage of water deficit, leaf tissue samples were collected 1, 3, and 5 days after water was withheld for RNA sequencing. Under water deficit stress, 154, 3611, and 980 genes were upregulated and 41, 2806, and 253 genes were downregulated on day 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that redox homeostasis processes through sulfur and glutathione metabolism pathways, and hormone signal transduction, especially abscisic acid and ethylene, were enriched under water deficit stress. Thirty-four transcription factor families were identified, including members of AP2/ERF, NAC, MYB-related, C2H2, and bZIP families, and TFs in AP2/ERF family was the most abundant in petunia. Interestingly, only one member of GRFs was upregulated on day 1, while most of TFs were differentially expressed on day 3 and/or 5. The transcriptome data from this research will provide valuable molecular resources for understanding the early stages of water stress-responsive networks as well as engineering petunia with enhanced water stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suejin Park
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Asela J. Wijeratne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Youyoun Moon
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Waterland
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Mitu SA, Ogbourne SM, Klein AH, Tran TD, Reddell PW, Cummins SF. The P450 multigene family of Fontainea and insights into diterpenoid synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33879061 PMCID: PMC8058993 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are enzymes that play critical roles in the biosynthesis of physiologically important compounds across all organisms. Although they have been characterised in a large number of plant species, no information relating to these enzymes are available from the genus Fontainea (family Euphorbiaceae). Fontainea is significant as the genus includes species that produce medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane natural products, one of which has been approved as an anti-cancer therapeutic. RESULTS A comparative species leaf metabolome analysis showed that Fontainea species possess a chemical profile different from various other plant species. The diversity and expression profiles of Fontainea P450s were investigated from leaf and root tissue. A total of 103 and 123 full-length P450 genes in Fontainea picrosperma and Fontainea venosa, respectively (and a further 127/125 partial-length) that were phylogenetically classified into clans, families and subfamilies. The majority of P450 identified are most active within root tissue (66.2% F. picrosperma, 65.0% F. venosa). Representatives within the CYP71D and CYP726A were identified in Fontainea that are excellent candidates for diterpenoid synthesis, of which CYP726A1, CYP726A2 and CYP71D1 appear to be exclusive to Fontainea species and were significantly more highly expressed in root tissue compared to leaf tissue. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive overview of the P450 gene family in Fontainea that may provide important insights into the biosynthesis of the medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane diterpenes found within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida A. Mitu
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Anne H. Klein
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Trong D. Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | | | - Scott F. Cummins
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
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Tai L, Wang HJ, Xu XJ, Sun WH, Ju L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Sun J, Chen KM. Pre-harvest sprouting in cereals: genetic and biochemical mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2857-2876. [PMID: 33471899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of the global population and the increasing frequency of natural disasters, crop yields must be steadily increased to enhance human adaptability to risks. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a term mainly used to describe the phenomenon in which grains germinate on the mother plant directly before harvest, is a serious global problem for agricultural production. After domestication, the dormancy level of cultivated crops was generally lower than that of their wild ancestors. Although the shortened dormancy period likely improved the industrial performance of cereals such as wheat, barley, rice, and maize, the excessive germination rate has caused frequent PHS in areas with higher rainfall, resulting in great economic losses. Here, we systematically review the causes of PHS and its consequences, the major indicators and methods for PHS assessment, and emphasize the biological significance of PHS in crop production. Wheat quantitative trait loci functioning in the control of PHS are also comprehensively summarized in a meta-analysis. Finally, we use Arabidopsis as a model plant to develop more complete PHS regulatory networks for wheat. The integration of this information is conducive to the development of custom-made cultivated lines suitable for different demands and regions, and is of great significance for improving crop yields and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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McGinty EM, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:458. [PMID: 33670959 PMCID: PMC7997350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
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Holloway T, Steinbrecher T, Pérez M, Seville A, Stock D, Nakabayashi K, Leubner-Metzger G. Coleorhiza-enforced seed dormancy: a novel mechanism to control germination in grasses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2179-2191. [PMID: 32970853 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
How the biophysical properties of overlaying tissues control growth, such as the embryonic root (radicle) during seed germination, is a fundamental question. In eudicot seeds the endosperm surrounding the radicle confers coat dormancy and controls germination responses through modulation of its cell wall mechanical properties. Far less is known for grass caryopses that differ in tissue morphology. Here we report that the coleorhiza, a sheath-like organ that surrounds the radicle in grass embryos, performs the same role in the grass weed Avena fatua (common wild oat). We combined innovative biomechanical techniques, tissue ablation, microscopy, tissue-specific gene and enzyme activity expression with the analysis of hormones and oligosaccharides. The combined experimental work demonstrates that in grass caryopses the coleorhiza indeed controls germination for which we provide direct biomechanical evidence. We show that the coleorhiza becomes reinforced during dormancy maintenance and weakened during germination. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases may have a role in coleorhiza reinforcement through cell wall remodelling to confer coat dormancy. The control of germination by coleorhiza-enforced dormancy in grasses is an example of the convergent evolution of mechanical restraint by overlaying tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holloway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Warfield, Bracknell,, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Anne Seville
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Warfield, Bracknell,, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - David Stock
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Warfield, Bracknell,, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
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Kępczyński J, Wójcik A, Dziurka M. Avena fatua caryopsis dormancy release is associated with changes in KAR 1 and ABA sensitivity as well as with ABA reduction in coleorhiza and radicle. PLANTA 2021; 253:52. [PMID: 33507406 PMCID: PMC7843558 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The dormancy release in Avena fatua caryopses was associated with a reduction in the ABA content in embryos, coleorhiza and radicle. The coleorhiza proved more sensitive to KAR1 and less sensitive to ABA than the radicle. The inability of dormant caryopses and ABA-treated non-dormant caryopses to complete germination is related to inhibition and delayed of cell-cycle activation, respectively. As freshly harvested Avena fatua caryopses are dormant at 20 °C, they cannot complete germination; the radicle is not able to emerge. Both karrikin 1 (KAR1) and dry after-ripening release dormancy, enabling the emergence of, first, the coleorhiza and later the radicle. The after-ripening removes caryopse sensitivity to KAR1 and decreases the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). The coleorhiza was found to be more sensitive to KAR1, and less sensitive to ABA, than radicles. Effects of KAR1 and after-ripening were associated with a reduction of the embryo's ABA content during caryopsis germination. KAR1 was found to decrease the ABA content in the coleorhiza and radicles. Germination of after-ripened caryopses was associated with the progress of cell-cycle activation before coleorhiza emergence. Inhibition of the germination completion due to dormancy or treating the non-dormant caryopses with ABA was associated with a total and partial inhibition of cell-cycle activation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kępczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Wójcik
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 20-239, Krakow, Poland
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Kępczyński J, Wójcik A, Dziurka M. Avena fatua caryopsis dormancy release is associated with changes in KAR 1 and ABA sensitivity as well as with ABA reduction in coleorhiza and radicle. PLANTA 2021; 253:52. [PMID: 33507406 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03562-3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dormancy release in Avena fatua caryopses was associated with a reduction in the ABA content in embryos, coleorhiza and radicle. The coleorhiza proved more sensitive to KAR1 and less sensitive to ABA than the radicle. The inability of dormant caryopses and ABA-treated non-dormant caryopses to complete germination is related to inhibition and delayed of cell-cycle activation, respectively. As freshly harvested Avena fatua caryopses are dormant at 20 °C, they cannot complete germination; the radicle is not able to emerge. Both karrikin 1 (KAR1) and dry after-ripening release dormancy, enabling the emergence of, first, the coleorhiza and later the radicle. The after-ripening removes caryopse sensitivity to KAR1 and decreases the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). The coleorhiza was found to be more sensitive to KAR1, and less sensitive to ABA, than radicles. Effects of KAR1 and after-ripening were associated with a reduction of the embryo's ABA content during caryopsis germination. KAR1 was found to decrease the ABA content in the coleorhiza and radicles. Germination of after-ripened caryopses was associated with the progress of cell-cycle activation before coleorhiza emergence. Inhibition of the germination completion due to dormancy or treating the non-dormant caryopses with ABA was associated with a total and partial inhibition of cell-cycle activation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kępczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Wójcik
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 20-239, Krakow, Poland
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Li M, Yang Y, Raza A, Yin S, Wang H, Zhang Y, Dong J, Wang G, Zhong C, Zhang H, Liu J, Jin W. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis thaliana rty gene in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) improves drought tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33478380 PMCID: PMC7818561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important fruit crop worldwide. It was particularly sensitive to drought stress because of their fibrous and shallow root systems. Mutant rty of Arabidopsis thaliana ROOTY (RTY) results in increased endogenous auxin levels, more roots, and shoot growth. It is still unclear whether the rty gene improves stress tolerance in strawberry. RESULTS rty gene was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in the pBI121-rty binary vector carrying the selectable marker of neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II). Seven transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR and western blot analysis. Accumulations of IAA and ABA were significantly increased in the transgenic plants. The endogenous IAA contents were 46.5 ng g- 1 and 66.0 ng g- 1in control and transgenic plants respectively. The endogenous ABA contents in the control plant were 236.3 ng g- 1 and in transgenic plants were 543.8 ng g- 1. The production of adventitious roots and trichomes were enhanced in the transgenic plants. Furthermore, transcript levels of the genes including IAA and ABA biosynthetic, and stress-responsive genes, were higher in the transgenic plants than in the control plants under drought conditions. Water use efficiency and a reduced water loss rate were enhanced in the transgenic strawberry plants. Additionally, peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly higher in the transgenic plants than in the control plants. The experiment results revealed a novel function for rty related to ABA and drought responses. CONCLUSIONS The rty gene improved hormone-mediated drought tolerance in transgenic strawberry. The heterologous expression of rty in strawberry improved drought tolerance by promoting auxin and ABA accumulation. These phytohormones together brought about various physiological changes that improved drought tolerance via increased root production, trichome density, and stomatal closure. Our results suggested that a transgenic approach can be used to overcome the inherent trade-off between plant growth and drought tolerance by enhancing water use efficiency and reducing water loss rate under water shortage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfei Zhong
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Jiashen Liu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China.
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Yu F, Li M, He D, Yang P. Advances on Post-translational Modifications Involved in Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642979. [PMID: 33828574 PMCID: PMC8020409 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment are important developmental processes that undergo extremely complex changes of physiological status and are precisely regulated at transcriptional and translational levels. Phytohormones including abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are the critical signaling molecules that modulate the alteration from relative quiescent to a highly active state in seeds. Transcription factors such as ABA insensitive5 (ABI5) and DELLA domain-containing proteins play the central roles in response to ABA and GA, respectively, which antagonize each other during seed germination. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the regulations at translational and post-translational levels, especially post-translational modifications (PTMs), play a decisive role in seed germination. Specifically, phosphorylation and ubiquitination were shown to be involved in regulating the function of ABI5. In this review, we summarized the latest advancement on the function of PTMs involved in the regulation of seed germination, in which the PTMs for ABI5- and DELLA-containing proteins play the key roles. Meanwhile, the studies on PTM-based proteomics during seed germination and the crosstalk of different PTMs are also discussed. Hopefully, it will facilitate in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of different PTMs in seed germination.
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Marusig D, Tombesi S. Abscisic Acid Mediates Drought and Salt Stress Responses in Vitis vinifera-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8648. [PMID: 33212767 PMCID: PMC7698233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The foreseen increase in evaporative demand and reduction in rainfall occurrence are expected to stress the abiotic constrains of drought and salt concentration in soil. The intensification of abiotic stresses coupled with the progressive depletion in water pools is a major concern especially in viticulture, as most vineyards rely on water provided by rainfall. Because its economical relevance and its use as a model species for the study of abiotic stress effect on perennial plants, a significant amount of literature has focused on Vitis vinifera, assessing the physiological mechanisms occurring under stress. Despite the complexity of the stress-resistance strategy of grapevine, the ensemble of phenomena involved seems to be regulated by the key hormone abscisic acid (ABA). This review aims at summarizing our knowledge on the role of ABA in mediating mechanisms whereby grapevine copes with abiotic stresses and to highlight aspects that deserve more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
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Mechanism of delayed seed germination caused by high temperature during grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:17378. [PMID: 33060675 PMCID: PMC7562956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature during grain filling considerably reduces yield and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.); however, how high temperature affects seed germination of the next generation is not yet well understood. Here, we report that seeds from plants exposed to high temperature during the grain filling stage germinated significantly later than seeds from unstressed plants. This delay remained even after dormancy release treatments, suggesting that it was not due to primary seed dormancy determined during grain filling. In imbibed embryos of heat-stressed seeds, expression of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes (OsNCEDs) was higher than in those of control seeds, whereas that of ABA catabolism genes (OsABA8′OHs) was lower. In the aleurone layer, despite no change in GA signaling as evidenced by no effect of heat stress on OsGAMYB gene expression, the transcripts of α-amylase genes OsAmy1C, OsAmy3B, and OsAmy3E were significantly down-regulated in heat-stressed seeds in comparison with controls. Changes in promoter methylation levels were consistent with transcriptional changes of ABA catabolism-related and α-amylase genes. These data suggest that high temperature during grain filling results in DNA methylation of ABA catabolism-related and α-amylase gene promoters, delaying germination of heat-stressed seeds.
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Zhao PX, Miao ZQ, Zhang J, Chen SY, Liu QQ, Xiang CB. Arabidopsis MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6092-6106. [PMID: 32594177 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-AGL16 mutants were more resistant to drought stress and had higher relative water content, which was attributed to lower leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to higher leaf ABA levels compared with the wild type. AGL16-overexpressing lines displayed the opposite phenotypes. AGL16 is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down-regulated in response to drought stress. The expression of CYP707A3 and AAO3 in ABA metabolism and SDD1 in stomatal development was altered in agl16 and overexpression lines, making them potential targets of AGL16. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, yeast one-hybrid, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that AGL16 was able to bind the CArG motifs in the promoters of the CYP707A3, AAO3, and SDD1 and regulate their transcription, leading to altered leaf stomatal density and ABA levels. Taking our findings together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Xia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zi-Qing Miao
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Si-Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Jose J, Roy Choudhury S. Heterotrimeric G-proteins mediated hormonal responses in plants. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109799. [PMID: 33011291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones not only orchestrate intrinsic developmental programs from germination to senescence but also regulate environmental inputs through complex signalling pathways. Despite building an own signalling network, hormones mutually contribute several signalling systems, which are also essential for plant growth and development, defense, and responses to abiotic stresses. One of such important signalling cascades is G-proteins, which act as critical regulators of a wide range of fundamental cellular processes by transducing receptor signals to the intracellular environment. G proteins are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, and the molecular switching between active and inactive conformation of Gα controls the signalling cycle. The active GTP bound Gα and freed Gβγ have both independent and tightly coordinated roles in the regulation of effector molecules, thereby modulating multiple responses, including hormonal responses. Therefore, an interplay of hormones with G-proteins fine-tunes multiple biological processes of plants; however, their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Functional characterization of hormone biosynthesis, perception, and signalling components, as well as identification of few effector molecules of G-proteins and their interaction networks, reduces the complexity of the hormonal signalling networks related to G-proteins. In this review, we highlight a valuable insight into the mechanisms of how the G-protein signalling cascades connect with hormonal responses to regulate increased developmental flexibility as well as remarkable plasticity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jismon Jose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India.
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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Chen Y, An X, Zhao D, Li E, Ma R, Li Z, Cheng C. Transcription profiles reveal sugar and hormone signaling pathways mediating tree branch architecture in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) grafted on different rootstocks. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236530. [PMID: 32706831 PMCID: PMC7380599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple trees grafted on different rootstock types, including vigorous rootstock (VR), dwarfing interstock (DIR), and dwarfing self-rootstock (DSR), are widely planted in production, but the molecular determinants of tree branch architecture growth regulation induced by rootstocks are still not well known. In this study, the branch growth phenotypes of three combinations of ‘Fuji’ apple trees grafted on different rootstocks (VR: Malus baccata; DIR: Malus baccata/T337; DSR: T337) were investigated. The VR trees presented the biggest branch architecture. The results showed that the sugar content, sugar metabolism-related enzyme activities, and hormone content all presented obvious differences in the tender leaves and buds of apple trees grafted on these rootstocks. Transcriptomic profiles of the tender leaves adjacent to the top buds allowed us to identify genes that were potentially involved in signaling pathways that mediate the regulatory mechanisms underlying growth differences. In total, 3610 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through pairwise comparisons. The screened data suggested that sugar metabolism-related genes and complex hormone regulatory networks involved the auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) pathways, as well as several transcription factors, participated in the complicated growth induction process. Overall, this study provides a framework for analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying differential tree branch growth of apple trees grafted on different rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhong An
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Deying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Enmao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Renpeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Cungang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, P. R. China
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