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Xu Q, Wu M, Zhang L, Chen X, Zhou M, Jiang B, Jia Y, Yong X, Tang S, Mou L, Jia Z, Shabala S, Pan Y. Unraveling Key Factors for Hypoxia Tolerance in Contrasting Varieties of Cotton Rose by Comparative Morpho-physiological and Transcriptome Analysis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14317. [PMID: 38686568 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The cotton rose (Hibiscus mutabilis) is a plant species commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is remarkably resilient to waterlogging stress; however, the underlying mechanism behind this trait is yet unknown. This study used hypoxia-tolerant "Danbanhong" (DBH) and more hypoxia-sensitive "Yurui" (YR) genotypes and compared their morpho-physiological and transcriptional responses to hypoxic conditions. Notably, DBH had a higher number of adventitious roots (20.3) compared to YR (10.0), with longer adventitious roots in DBH (18.3 cm) than in YR (11.2 cm). Furthermore, the formation of aerenchyma was 3-fold greater in DBH compared to YR. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that DBH had more rapid transcriptional responses to hypoxia than YR. Identification of a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for aerenchyma, adventitious root formation and development, and energy metabolism in DBH supported that DBH had better morphological and transcriptional adaptation than YR. DEG functional enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of variety-specific biological processes in adaption to hypoxia. Plant hormone signaling transduction, MAPK signaling pathway and carbon metabolism played more pronounced roles in DBH, whereas the ribosome genes were specifically induced in YR. These results show that effective multilevel coordination of adventitious root development and aerenchyma, in conjunction with plant hormone signaling and carbon metabolism, is required for increased hypoxia tolerance. This study provides new insights into the characterization of morpho-physiological and transcriptional responses to hypoxia in H. mutabilis, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of its adaptation to hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mengxi Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Yong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Lisha Mou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishi Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shao D, Yu C, Chen Y, Qiu X, Chen J, Zhao H, Chen K, Wang X, Chen P, Gao G, Zhu A. Lipids signaling and unsaturation of fatty acids participate in ramie response to submergence stress and hypoxia-responsive gene regulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130104. [PMID: 38350586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Ramie is a valuable crop that produces high-quality fibers and holds promise in ecological management and potential therapeutic properties. The damage of submergence during the fertile period seriously affects the growth of ramie. This study used transcriptomics and UPLC-QTOF/MS-based lipidomics analysis to reveal the lipids remodeling and stress adaptation mechanism in ramie response to submergence. The results of subcellular distribution showed that lipids in ramie leaf cells mostly aggregate in the inter-chloroplast cytoplasm to form lipid droplets under submergence stress. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and lipidomics analysis showed that the composition and content of lipids in ramie leaves significantly changed under submergence stress, and the content of fatty acids (FAs) gradually accumulated with the extension of the submergence treatment time. Further analysis revealed that the content of 18:3 (n3) Coenzyme A (C18:3-CoA) increased significantly with the prolongation of submergence stress, and the exogenous addition of C18:3-CoA activated the expression of hypoxia-responsive marker genes such as BnADH1, BnPCO2, BnADH1, and BnPDC1. These results suggest that the ramie lipid metabolism pathways were significantly affected under submergence, and the C18:3-CoA may act directly or indirectly on the hypoxia-responsive genes to activate their transcriptional activities, thereby enhancing the tolerance of ramie to submergence stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Shao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Haohan Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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Pan J, Song J, Sohail H, Sharif R, Yan W, Hu Q, Qi X, Yang X, Xu X, Chen X. RNA-seq-based comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the role of CsPrx73 in waterlogging-triggered adventitious root formation in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae062. [PMID: 38659441 PMCID: PMC11040206 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors like waterlogging are detrimental to cucumber development and growth. However, comprehension of the highly complex molecular mechanism underlying waterlogging can provide an opportunity to enhance cucumber tolerance under waterlogging stress. We examined the hypocotyl and stage-specific transcriptomes of the waterlogging-tolerant YZ026A and the waterlogging-sensitive YZ106A, which had different adventitious rooting ability under waterlogging. YZ026A performed better under waterlogging stress by altering its antioxidative machinery and demonstrated a greater superoxide ion (O 2-) scavenging ability. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that a high number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. By pairwise comparison and weighted gene co-expression network analysis analysis, 2616 DEGs were obtained which were categorized into 11 gene co-expression modules. Amongst the 11 modules, black was identified as the common module and yielded a novel key regulatory gene, CsPrx73. Transgenic cucumber plants overexpressing CsPrx73 enhance adventitious root (AR) formation under waterlogging conditions and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Silencing of CsPrx73 expression by virus-induced gene silencing adversely affects AR formation under the waterlogging condition. Our results also indicated that CsERF7-3, a waterlogging-responsive ERF transcription factor, can directly bind to the ATCTA-box motif in the CsPrx73 promoter to initiate its expression. Overexpression of CsERF7-3 enhanced CsPrx73 expression and AR formation. On the contrary, CsERF7-3-silenced plants decreased CsPrx73 expression and rooting ability. In conclusion , our study demonstrates a novel CsERF7-3-CsPrx73 module that allows cucumbers to adapt more efficiently to waterlogging stress by promoting AR production and ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Pan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qiming Hu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute ofVegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute ofVegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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Shikha, Pandey DK, Upadhyay S, Phukan UJ, Shukla RK. Transcriptome analysis of waterlogging-induced adventitious root and control taproot of Mentha arvensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:104. [PMID: 38507094 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The present study reports differentially expressed transcripts in the waterlogging-induced adventitious root (AR) of Mentha arvensis; the identified transcripts will help to understand AR development and improve waterlogging stress response. Waterlogging notably hampers plant growth in areas facing waterlogged soil conditions. In our previous findings, Mentha arvensis was shown to adapt better in waterlogging conditions by initiating the early onset of adventitious root development. In the present study, we compared the transcriptome analysis of adventitious root induced after the waterlogging treatment with the control taproot. The biochemical parameters of total carbohydrate, total protein content, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were enhanced in the adventitious root compared with control taproot. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adventitious root compared with the control taproot were grouped into four functional categories, i.e., carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant activity, hormonal regulation, and transcription factors that could be majorly involved in the development of adventitious roots. Differential expression of the upregulated and uniquely expressing thirty-five transcripts in adventitious roots was validated using qRT-PCR. This study has generated the resource of differentially and uniquely expressing transcripts in the waterlogging-induced adventitious roots. Further functional characterization of these transcripts will be helpful to understand the development of adventitious roots, leading to the resistance towards waterlogging stress in Mentha arvensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Pandey
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Swati Upadhyay
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ujjal J Phukan
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Liu B, Zheng Y, Lou S, Liu M, Wang W, Feng X, Zhang H, Song Y, Liu H. Coordination between two cis-elements of WRKY33, bound by the same transcription factor, confers humid adaption in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:30. [PMID: 38503847 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
To cope with flooding-induced hypoxia, plants have evolved different strategies. Molecular strategies, such as the N-degron pathway and transcriptional regulation, are known to be crucial for Arabidopsis thaliana's hypoxia response. Our study uncovered a novel molecular strategy that involves a single transcription factor interacting with two identical cis-elements, one located in the promoter region and the other within the intron. This unique double-element adjustment mechanism has seldom been reported in previous studies. In humid areas, WRKY70 plays a crucial role in A. thaliana's adaptation to submergence-induced hypoxia by binding to identical cis-elements in both the promoter and intron regions of WRKY33. This dual binding enhances WRKY33 expression and the activation of hypoxia-related genes. Conversely, in arid regions lacking the promoter cis-element, WRKY70 only binds to the intron cis-element, resulting in limited WRKY33 expression during submergence stress. The presence of a critical promoter cis-element in humid accessions, but not in dry accessions, indicates a coordinated regulation enabling A. thaliana to adapt and thrive in humid habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yudan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shangling Lou
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoqin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Kordyum E, Akimov Y, Polishchuk O, Panas I, Stepanov S, Kozeko L. Psammophytes Alyssum desertorum Stapf and Secale sylvestre Host Are Sensitive to Soil Flooding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38337946 PMCID: PMC10857069 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
While morphological and functional traits enable hydrophytes to survive under waterlogging and partial or complete submergence, the data on responses of psammophytes-sand plants-to flooding are very limited. We analyzed the effect of 5- and 10-day soil flooding on the photosynthetic apparatus and the synthesis of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), and ethylene in seedlings of psammophytes Alyssum desertorum and Secale sylvestre using electron microscopy, chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, and biochemical methods. It was found that seedlings growing under soil flooding differed from those growing in stationary conditions with such traits as chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence induction, and the dynamics of ADH, HSP, and ethylene synthesis. Although flooding caused no apparent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in all the variants, a significant decrease in total photosynthesis efficiency was observed in both studied plants, as indicated by decreased values of φR0 and PIABS,total. More noticeable upregulation of ADH in S. sylvestre, as well as increasing HSP70 level and more intensive ethylene emission in A. desertorum, indicate species-specific differences in these traits in response to short-term soil flooding. Meanwhile, the absence of systemic anaerobic metabolic adaptation to prolonged hypoxia causes plant death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kordyum
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine (O.P.); (S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Yuri Akimov
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine (O.P.); (S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Oleksandr Polishchuk
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine (O.P.); (S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Ihor Panas
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Sergiy Stepanov
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine (O.P.); (S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Liudmyla Kozeko
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine (O.P.); (S.S.); (L.K.)
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Tian H, Fan G, Xiong X, Wang H, Zhang S, Geng G. Characterization and transformation of the CabHLH18 gene from hot pepper to enhance waterlogging tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1285198. [PMID: 38283978 PMCID: PMC10810986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are important in abiotic stress control. Here, a specific bHLH transcription factor gene, CabHLH18, from a strong waterlogging-tolerant pepper cultivar, 'ZHC2', was successfully cloned. The CabHLH18 gene presented a coding sequence length of 1,056 bp, encoding 352 amino acids, and the protein was the closest to Capsicum annuum XM016694561.2 protein. The CabHLH18 protein was located in the nucleus. The transformation of the CabHLH18 overexpression vector into the plumules of hot peppers, 'DFZJ' and 'ZHC1', exhibited 21.37% and 22.20% efficiency, respectively. The root length, plant height, and fresh weight of the 'DFZJ' overexpression lines were greater than those of wild-type (WT) plants under waterlogging conditions. Compared with the WT plants, the overexpression lines generally showed greater contents of water, the amino acid, proline, soluble sugar, root viability, and superoxide dismutase activity, but lower malondialdehyde content under waterlogging conditions. Plant fresh weight, amino acids, proline, and soluble sugar levels of the overexpression lines were 39.17%, 45.03%, 60.67%, and 120.18% greater, respectively, compared with the WT plants at 24 h after waterlogging stress. Therefore, the CabHLH18 gene could be implicated in conferring waterlogging tolerance in hot peppers and holds promise for enhancing their overall waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhi Tian
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Pepper, Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Gaoling Fan
- Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingwei Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Suqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangdong Geng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Xu X, Liu M, Hu Q, Yan W, Pan J, Yan Y, Chen X. A CsEIL3-CsARN6.1 module promotes waterlogging-triggered adventitious root formation in cucumber by activating the expression of CsPrx5. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:824-835. [PMID: 36871136 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) derived from hypocotyl is the most important morphological adaptation to waterlogging stress in Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Our previous study showed that cucumbers with the gene CsARN6.1, encoding an AAA ATPase domain-containing protein, were more tolerant to waterlogging through increased AR formation. However, the apparent function of CsARN6.1 remained unknown. Here, we showed that the CsARN6.1 signal was predominantly observed throughout the cambium of hypocotyls, where de novo AR primordia are formed upon waterlogging treatment. The silencing of CsARN6.1 expression by virus-induced gene silencing and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies adversely affects the formation of ARs under conditions of waterlogging. Waterlogging treatment significantly induced ethylene production, thus upregulating CsEIL3 expression, which encodes a putative transcription factor involved in ethylene signaling. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility assay and transient expression analyses showed that CsEIL3 binds directly to the CsARN6.1 promoter to initiate its expression. CsARN6.1 was found to interact with CsPrx5, a waterlogging-responsive class-III peroxidase that enhanced H2 O2 production and increased AR formation. These data provide insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of AAA ATPase domain-containing protein and uncover a molecular mechanism that links ethylene signaling with the formation of ARs triggered by waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qiming Hu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yongming Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
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Hu J, Duan Y, Yang J, Gan L, Chen W, Yang J, Xiao G, Guan L, Chen J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Associated with Flooding Tolerance in Mulberry Plants. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051087. [PMID: 37240733 DOI: 10.3390/life13051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba), a widely distributed economic plant, can withstand long-term flooding stress. However, the regulatory gene network underlying this tolerance is unknown. In the present study, mulberry plants were subjected to submergence stress. Subsequently, mulberry leaves were collected to perform quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and transcriptome analysis. Genes encoding ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly upregulated after submergence stress, indicating that they could protect the mulberry plant from flood damage by mediating ROS homeostasis. Genes that regulate starch and sucrose metabolism; genes encoding pyruvate kinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and pyruvate decarboxylase (enzymes involved in glycolysis and ethanol fermentation); and genes encoding malate dehydrogenase and ATPase (enzymes involved in the TCA cycle) were also obviously upregulated. Hence, these genes likely played a key role in mitigating energy shortage during flooding stress. In addition, genes associated with ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and MAPK signaling; genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; and transcription factor genes also showed upregulation under flooding stress in mulberry plants. These results provide further insights into the adaptation mechanisms and genetics of submergence tolerance in mulberry plants and could aid in the molecular breeding of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yanyan Duan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Junnian Yang
- College of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Liping Gan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Lingliang Guan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
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10
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Tyagi A, Ali S, Park S, Bae H. Exploring the Potential of Multiomics and Other Integrative Approaches for Improving Waterlogging Tolerance in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1544. [PMID: 37050170 PMCID: PMC10096958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil flooding has emerged as a serious threat to modern agriculture due to the rapid global warming and climate change, resulting in catastrophic crop damage and yield losses. The most detrimental effects of waterlogging in plants are hypoxia, decreased nutrient uptake, photosynthesis inhibition, energy crisis, and microbiome alterations, all of which result in plant death. Although significant advancement has been made in mitigating waterlogging stress, it remains largely enigmatic how plants perceive flood signals and translate them for their adaptive responses at a molecular level. With the advent of multiomics, there has been significant progress in understanding and decoding the intricacy of how plants respond to different stressors which have paved the way towards the development of climate-resistant smart crops. In this review, we have provided the overview of the effect of waterlogging in plants, signaling (calcium, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, hormones), and adaptive responses. Secondly, we discussed an insight into past, present, and future prospects of waterlogging tolerance focusing on conventional breeding, transgenic, multiomics, and gene-editing approaches. In addition, we have also highlighted the importance of panomics for developing waterlogging-tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, we have discussed the role of high-throughput phenotyping in the screening of complex waterlogging-tolerant traits. Finally, we addressed the current challenges and future perspectives of waterlogging signal perception and transduction in plants, which warrants future investigation.
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Mubarok S, Qonit MAH, Rahmat BPN, Budiarto R, Suminar E, Nuraini A. An overview of ethylene insensitive tomato mutants: Advantages and disadvantages for postharvest fruit shelf-life and future perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079052. [PMID: 36778710 PMCID: PMC9911886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ethylene during postharvest handling of tomatoes can be the main problem in maintaining fruit shelf-life by accelerating the ripening process and causing several quality changes in fruit. Several researchers have studied the methods for improving the postharvest life of tomato fruit by controlling ethylene response, such as by mutation. New ethylene receptor mutants have been identified, namely Sletr1-1, Sletr1-2, Nr (Never ripe), Sletr4-1, and Sletr5-1. This review identifies the favorable and undesirable effects of several ethylene receptor mutants. Also, the impact of those mutations on the metabolite alteration of tomatoes and the future perspectives of those ethylene receptor mutants. The review data is taken from the primary data of our experiment related to ethylene receptor mutants and the secondary data from numerous publications in Google Scholar and other sources pertaining to ethylene physiology. This review concluded that mutation in the SlETR1 gene was more effective than mutation in NR, SLETR4, and SLETR5 genes in generating a new ethylene mutant. Sletr1-2 mutant is a potential ethylene receptor mutant for developing new tomato cultivars with prolonged fruit-shelf life without any undesirable effect. Therefore, that has many challenges to using the Sletr1-2 mutant for future purposes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Abdilah Hasan Qonit
- Master Program of Agro-Industry Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat
- Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erni Suminar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Anne Nuraini
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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12
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Plant–Microbe Interactions under the Action of Heavy Metals and under the Conditions of Flooding. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and flooding are among the primary environmental factors affecting plants and microorganisms. This review separately considers the impact of heavy metal contamination of soils on microorganisms and plants, on plant and microbial biodiversity, and on plant–microorganism interactions. The use of beneficial microorganisms is considered one of the most promising methods of increasing stress tolerance since plant-associated microbes reduce metal accumulation, so the review focuses on plant–microorganism interactions and their practical application in phytoremediation. The impact of flooding as an adverse environmental factor is outlined. It has been shown that plants and bacteria under flooding conditions primarily suffer from a lack of oxygen and activation of anaerobic microflora. The combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants are also discussed. In conclusion, we summarize the combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants.
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13
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He L, Yan J, Ding X, Jin H, Zhang H, Cui J, Zhou Q, Yu J. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and microRNAs associated with exogenous calcium-mediated enhancement of hypoxic tolerance in cucumber seedlings ( Cucumis sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:994268. [PMID: 36684729 PMCID: PMC9846352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants often suffer from hypoxic stress due to flooding caused by extreme weather. Hypoxia usually leads to restricted oxygen supply and alters metabolic patterns from aerobic to anaerobic. Cucumber roots are fragile and highly sensitive to damage from hypoxic stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of exogenous calcium alleviating hypoxic stress in cucumber through transcriptome and small RNAs analysis. Three treatments were performed in this paper, including untreated-control (CK), hypoxic stress (H), and hypoxic stress + exogenous calcium treatment (H + Ca2+). A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 1,463 DEGs between CK vs H, 3,399 DEGs between H vs H + Ca2+, and 5,072 DEGs between CK vs H + Ca2+, respectively. KEGG analysis of DEGs showed that exogenous calcium could activate hormone signaling pathways (ethylene, ABA, IAA and cytokinin), transcription factors (MYB, MYB-related, bHLH, bZIP, and WRKY), calcium signaling and glycolysis pathway to mitigating hypoxic stress in cucumber seedlings. Additionally, miRNA and their target genes were detected and predicted between treatments. The target genes of these miRNAs revealed that auxin, cellulose synthase, and mitochondrial ribosomal related genes (Csa2G315390, Csa6G141390, Csa4G053280, and Csa6G310480) probably play in the improvement of the hypoxic tolerance of cucumber seedlings through exogenous calcium application. In short, our data adds new information to the mechanism of exogenous calcium mitigation of hypoxic stress injury in cucumber seedlings at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Cui
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Dushi Green Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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14
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Jiao Y, Sha C, Xie R, Shu Q. Comparative analysis of the potential physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the response to root zone hypoxia in two rootstock seedlings of the Chinese bayberry via transcriptomic analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:11. [PMID: 36542181 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The negative effects of waterlogging can be effectively improved through the use of waterlogging-resistant rootstocks. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) rootstock tolerance to waterlogging have not yet been investigated. This study aims to unravel the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying waterlogging-tolerant rootstocks. Two rootstocks, Morella cerifera (tolerant) and Morella rubra (sensitive), were selected for root zone hypoxia treatments, assessments of hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, and transcriptomic analysis. While the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) in the roots of M. rubra decreased significantly after root zone hypoxia treatment, there were no significant changes in M. cerifera. Both the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in M. cerifera but were decreased in M. rubra. Transcriptome sequencing identified 1,925 (928 up- and 997 downregulated) and 733 (278 up- and 455 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two rootstocks. The gene set enrichment analysis showed that 84 gene sets were enriched after root zone hypoxia treatment, including 57 (35 up- and 22 downregulated) and 14 (five up- and nine downregulated) gene sets derived from M. cerifera and M. rubra, respectively, while the remaining 13 gene sets were shared. KEGG pathway analysis showed specific enrichment in six pathways in M. cerifera, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tyrosine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ribosome, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Overall, these results provide preliminary insights into the molecular mechanisms of Chinese bayberry tolerance to waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiao
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Cunlong Sha
- Haishu District Agricultural Technology Management Service Station, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Shu
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, 315040, China
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15
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Fan X, Li H, Guo Y, Sun H, Wang S, Qi Q, Jiang X, Wang Y, Xu X, Qiu C, Li W, Han Z. Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers roles of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious root formation in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3582-3603. [PMID: 36000454 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions and largely relies on cutting propagation. Adventitious root formation is crucial for the success of cutting propagation. Strigolactones have been reported to function in rooting of woody plants. In this study, we determined that strigolactones have inhibitory effects on adventitious root formation in apple. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 051 differentially expressed genes over the course of adventitious root initiation, with functions related to organogenesis, cell wall biogenesis or plant development. Further analysis indicated that strigolactones might inhibit adventitious root formation through repressing two core hub genes, MdLAC3 and MdORE1. Combining small RNA and degradome sequencing, as well as dual-luciferase sensor assays, we identified and validated three negatively correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs, including mdm-miR397-MdLAC3 and mdm-miR164a/b-MdORE1. Overexpression of mdm-miR164b and silencing MdORE1 exhibited enhanced adventitious root formation in tobacco and apple, respectively. Finally, we verified the role of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated repression of rooting ability. Overall, the identified comprehensive regulatory network in apple not only provides insight into strigolactone-mediated adventitious root formation in other woody plants, but also points to a potential strategy for genetic improvement of rooting capacity in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Hu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li L, Hou L, Li M. Transcriptome and hormone Analyses reveal that melatonin promotes adventitious rooting in shaded cucumber hypocotyls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059482. [PMID: 36518515 PMCID: PMC9742233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a multi-regulatory molecule, stimulates root generation and regulates many aspects of plant growth and developmental processes. To gain insight into the effects of melatonin on adventitious root (AR) formation, we use cucumber seedings subjected to one of three treatments: EW (hypocotyl exposed and irrigated with water), SW (hypocotyl shaded and irrigated with water) and SM (hypocotyl shaded and irrigated with 100 µM melatonin). Under shaded conditions, melatonin induced significant AR formation in the hypocotyl. To explore the mechanism of this melatonin-induced AR formation, we used transcriptome analysis to identify 1296 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Comparing SM with SW, a total of 774 genes were upregulated and 522 genes were downregulated. The DEGs were classified among different metabolic pathways, especially those connected with the synthesis of secondary metabolites, with hormone signal transduction and with plant-pathogen interactions. Analyses indicate exogenous melatonin increased contents of endogenous auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and abscisic acid levels during AR formation. This study indicates melatonin promotes AR formation in cucumber seedings by regulating the expressions of genes related to hormone synthesis, signaling and cell wall formation, as well as by increasing the contents of auxin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and abscisic acid. This research elucidates the molecular mechanisms of melatonin's role in promoting AR formation in the hypocotyl of cucumber seedings under shaded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zicun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Meilan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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17
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Xu L, Zhao C, Pang J, Niu Y, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhou M. Genome-wide association study reveals quantitative trait loci for waterlogging-triggered adventitious roots and aerenchyma formation in common wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1066752. [PMID: 36507408 PMCID: PMC9727299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1066752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging severely affects wheat growth and development. Limited availability of oxygen in the root zone negatively affects the metabolism of plants. The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) and root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) are the most important adaptive trait contributing to plants' ability to survive in waterlogged soil conditions. This study used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach with 90K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a panel of 329 wheat genotypes, to reveal quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring ARs and RCA. The wheat genotypes exposed to waterlogging were evaluated for ARs and RCA in both field and glasshouse over two consecutive years. Six and five significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for ARs and RCA formation under waterlogging, respectively. The most significant MTA for AR and RCA was found on chromosome 4B. Two wheat cultivars with contrasting waterlogging tolerance (tolerant: H-242, sensitive: H-195) were chosen to compare the development and regulation of aerenchyma in waterlogged conditions using staining methods. Results showed that under waterlogging conditions, H2O2 signal generated before aerenchyma formation in both sensitive and tolerant varieties with the tolerant variety accumulating more H2O2 and in a quicker manner compared to the sensitive one. Several genotypes which performed consistently well under different conditions can be used in breeding programs to develop waterlogging-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yanan Niu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Huaqiong Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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Ngumbi E, Dady E, Calla B. Flooding and herbivory: the effect of concurrent stress factors on plant volatile emissions and gene expression in two heirloom tomato varieties. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:536. [PMID: 36396998 PMCID: PMC9670554 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nature and in cultivated fields, plants encounter multiple stress factors. Nonetheless, our understanding of how plants actively respond to combinatorial stress remains limited. Among the least studied stress combination is that of flooding and herbivory, despite the growing importance of these stressors in the context of climate change. We investigated plant chemistry and gene expression changes in two heirloom tomato varieties: Cherokee Purple (CP) and Striped German (SG) in response to flooding, herbivory by Spodoptera exigua, and their combination. RESULTS Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in tomato plants subjected to flooding and/or herbivory included several mono- and sesquiterpenes. Flooding was the main factor altering VOCs emission rates, and impacting plant biomass accumulation, while different varieties had quantitative differences in their VOC emissions. At the gene expression levels, there were 335 differentially expressed genes between the two tomato plant varieties, these included genes encoding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamoyl-CoA-reductase-like, and phytoene synthase (Psy1). Flooding and variety effects together influenced abscisic acid (ABA) signaling genes with the SG variety showing higher levels of ABA production and ABA-dependent signaling upon flooding. Flooding downregulated genes associated with cytokinin catabolism and general defense response and upregulated genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and gibberellin biosynthesis. Combining flooding and herbivory induced the upregulation of genes including chalcone synthase (CHS), PAL, and genes encoding BAHD acyltransferase and UDP-glucose iridoid glucosyltransferase-like genes in one of the tomato varieties (CP) and a disproportionate number of heat-shock proteins in SG. Only the SG variety had measurable changes in gene expression due to herbivory alone, upregulating zeatin, and O-glucosyltransferase and thioredoxin among others. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both heirloom tomato plant varieties differ in their production of secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids and terpenoids and their regulation and activation of ABA signaling upon stress associated with flooding. Herbivory and flooding together had interacting effects that were evident at the level of plant chemistry (VOCs production), gene expression and biomass markers. Results from our study highlight the complex nature of plant responses to combinatorial stresses and point at specific genes and pathways that are affected by flooding and herbivory combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ngumbi
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Erinn Dady
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bernarda Calla
- USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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19
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Cisse EHM, Zhang J, Li DD, Miao LF, Yin LY, Yang F. Exogenous ABA and IAA modulate physiological and hormonal adaptation strategies in Cleistocalyx operculatus and Syzygium jambos under long-term waterlogging conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:523. [PMID: 36357840 PMCID: PMC9648000 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) in inducing adventitious root (AR) formation, biomass accumulation, and plant development under long-term waterlogging (LT-WL) conditions are largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the roles of exogenous application of ABA and IAA in two woody plants (Cleistocalyx operculatus and Syzygium jambos) under LT-WL conditions. A pot experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with two factors: (i) LT-WL and (ii) application of exogenous phytohormones (ABA and IAA) for 120 d. RESULTS Results revealed that exogenous ABA and IAA promoted LT-WL tolerance in both species. In C. operculatus and S. jambos, plant height, the number of blades, leaf area, and fresh shoot weight were increased by exogenous IAA under LT-WL. However, exogenous ABA affected more the adventitious and primary root in C. operculatus compared to S. jambos. LT-WL decreased drastically the photosynthetic activities in both species, but adding moderate amounts of exogenous ABA or IAA protected the photosynthesis apparatus under LT-WL. Exogenous phytohormones at certain levels decreased the superoxide anion level and malondialdehyde accumulation in plants under LT-WL. Also, the increase of the peroxidases and superoxide dismutase activities by exogenous phytohormones was more marked in C. operculatus compared to S. jambos. Meanwhile, the catalase activity was down-regulated in both species by exogenous phytohormones. Exogenous ABA or IAA positively regulated the jasmonic acid content in ARs under LT-WL. Moderate application of exogenous ABA or IAA in plants under LT-WL decreased the ABA content in the leaves. Lower accumulation of IAA and ABA in the leaves of C. operculatus under LT-WL was positively correlated with a decrease in antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS Lastly, C. operculatus which has greater morphology indexes was more tolerant to waterlogging than S. jambos. Moreover, the adaptive strategies via exogenous ABA were more built around the below-ground biomass indexes particularly in C. operculatus, while exogenous IAA backed the above-ground biomass in both species. Overall, the exogenous hormones applied (spraying or watering) influenced differentially the plant's responses to LT-WL. The phytohormonal profile of plants exposed to waterlogging stress varied depending on the species' tolerance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Hadji Malick Cisse
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Da-Dong Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ling-Feng Miao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li-Yan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Langan P, Bernád V, Walsh J, Henchy J, Khodaeiaminjan M, Mangina E, Negrão S. Phenotyping for waterlogging tolerance in crops: current trends and future prospects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5149-5169. [PMID: 35642593 PMCID: PMC9440438 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yield losses to waterlogging are expected to become an increasingly costly and frequent issue in some regions of the world. Despite the extensive work that has been carried out examining the molecular and physiological responses to waterlogging, phenotyping for waterlogging tolerance has proven difficult. This difficulty is largely due to the high variability of waterlogging conditions such as duration, temperature, soil type, and growth stage of the crop. In this review, we highlight use of phenotyping to assess and improve waterlogging tolerance in temperate crop species. We start by outlining the experimental methods that have been utilized to impose waterlogging stress, ranging from highly controlled conditions of hydroponic systems to large-scale screenings in the field. We also describe the phenotyping traits used to assess tolerance ranging from survival rates and visual scoring to precise photosynthetic measurements. Finally, we present an overview of the challenges faced in attempting to improve waterlogging tolerance, the trade-offs associated with phenotyping in controlled conditions, limitations of classic phenotyping methods, and future trends using plant-imaging methods. If effectively utilized to increase crop resilience to changing climates, crop phenotyping has a major role to play in global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Langan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Villő Bernád
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason Walsh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joey Henchy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Eleni Mangina
- School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Olorunwa OJ, Adhikari B, Brazel S, Popescu SC, Popescu GV, Barickman TC. Short waterlogging events differently affect morphology and photosynthesis of two cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896244. [PMID: 35937378 PMCID: PMC9355484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging induces growth and developmental changes in sensitive crops such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during early plant development. However, information on the physiological mechanisms underpinning the response of cucumber plants to waterlogging conditions is limited. Here, we investigated the effects of 10-day waterlogging stress on the morphology, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in two cultivars of cucumber seedlings. Waterlogging stress hampered cultivars' growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic capacity. Both cultivars also developed adventitious roots (ARs) after 10 days of waterlogging (DOW). We observed differential responses in the light- and carbon-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, with an increase in light-dependent reactions. At the same time, carbon assimilation was considerably inhibited by waterlogging. Specifically, the CO2 assimilation rate (A) in leaves was significantly reduced and was caused by a corresponding decrease in stomatal conductance (gs). The downregulation of the maximum rate of Rubisco efficiency (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax) were non-stomatal limiting factors contributing to A reduction. Exposure of cucumber to 10 DOW affected the PSII photochemistry by downregulating the PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII). The redox state of the primary quinone acceptor in the lake model (1-qL), a measure of the regulatory balance of the light reactions, became more oxidized after 10 DOW, indicating enhanced electron sink capacity despite a reduced A. Overall, the results suggest that waterlogging induces alterations in the photochemical apparatus efficiency of cucumber. Thus, developing cultivars that resist inhibition of PSII photochemistry while maintaining carbon metabolism is a potential approach for increasing crops' tolerance to waterlogged environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolayo J. Olorunwa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Bikash Adhikari
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Skyler Brazel
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Sorina C. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - George V. Popescu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - T. Casey Barickman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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22
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Glanz-Idan N, Lach M, Tarkowski P, Vrobel O, Wolf S. Delayed Leaf Senescence by Upregulation of Cytokinin Biosynthesis Specifically in Tomato Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922106. [PMID: 35874028 PMCID: PMC9298850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) regulate numerous plant developmental processes, including photosynthesis and leaf senescence. Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the CK-biosynthesis pathway. We overexpressed ipt under tissue-specific promoters to study the long-range effect of CK on the functioning of tomato source leaves. Photosynthetic activity over time provided the measure for leaf aging. Significantly delayed leaf senescence was observed in plants expressing ipt under a root-specific promoter, but not in those expressing the gene under a source leaf-specific promoter. The root-derived influence on leaf aging was further confirmed by grafting experiments. CK concentration in source leaves of both transgenic lines increased significantly, with different proportions of its various derivatives. On the other hand, root CK concentration was only slightly elevated. Nevertheless, the significant change in the proportion of CK derivatives in the root indicated that CK biosynthesis and metabolism were altered. Partial leaf defoliation upregulates photosynthetic rate in the remaining leaf; however, overexpression of ipt in either tissues eliminated this response. Interestingly, stem girdling also eliminated the photosynthetic response. Taken together, our findings suggest that leaf senescence is regulated by a CK-mediated root-shoot communication network. We propose that CK-mediated signal is translocated to the leaf via the xylem where it alters CK biosynthesis, resulting in delayed senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Glanz-Idan
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Lach
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Shmuel Wolf
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Li L, Huang G, Xiang W, Zhu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ding Z, Liu J, Wu D. Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Uncover the Regulatory Mechanisms of Myricaria laxiflora Under Flooding Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924490. [PMID: 35755690 PMCID: PMC9226631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is one of the major environmental stresses that severely influence plant survival and development. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying flooding stress remain largely unknown in Myricaria laxiflora, an endangered plant mainly distributed in the flood zone of the Yangtze River, China. In this work, transcriptome and proteome were performed in parallel in roots of M. laxiflora during nine time-points under the flooding and post-flooding recovery treatments. Overall, highly dynamic and stage-specific expression profiles of genes/proteins were observed during flooding and post-flooding recovery treatment. Genes related to auxin, cell wall, calcium signaling, and MAP kinase signaling were greatly down-regulated exclusively at the transcriptomic level during the early stages of flooding. Glycolysis and major CHO metabolism genes, which were regulated at the transcriptomic and/or proteomic levels with low expression correlations, mainly functioned during the late stages of flooding. Genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, mitochondrial metabolism, and development were also regulated exclusively at the transcriptomic level, but their expression levels were highly up-regulated upon post-flooding recovery. Moreover, the comprehensive expression profiles of genes/proteins related to redox, hormones, and transcriptional factors were also investigated. Finally, the regulatory networks of M. laxiflora in response to flooding and post-flooding recovery were discussed. The findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flooding stress and shed light on the genes and pathways for the preservation of M. laxiflora and other endangered plants in the flood zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbao Li
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Huang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Haofei Zhu
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing, China
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Chen H, Wu Q, Ni M, Chen C, Han C, Yu F. Transcriptome Analysis of Endogenous Hormone Response Mechanism in Roots of Styrax tonkinensis Under Waterlogging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896850. [PMID: 35734248 PMCID: PMC9208659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a promising oil species, Styrax tonkinensis has great potential as a biofuel due to an excellent fatty acid composition. However, frequent flooding caused by global warming and the low tolerance of the species to waterlogging largely halted its expansion in waterlogged areas. To explore endogenous hormones and phytohormone-related molecular response mechanism of S. tonkinensis under waterlogging, we determined 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and three phytohormone content (ABA, abscisic acid; SA, salicylic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) and analyzed the transcriptome of its seedlings under waterlogged condition of 3-5 cm. The sample collecting time was 0, 9, 24, and 72 h, respectively. It was concluded that ACC presented an upward trend, but other plant hormones showed a downward trend from 0 to 72 h under waterlogging stress. A total of 84,601 unigenes were assembled with a total length of 81,389,823 bp through transcriptome analysis. The GO enrichment analysis of total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that 4,637 DEGs, 8,238 DEGs, and 7,146 DEGs were assigned into three main GO functional categories in 9 vs. 0 h, 24 vs. 0 h, and 72 vs. 0 h, respectively. We also discovered several DEGs involved in phytohormone synthesis pathway and plant hormone signaling pathway. It was concluded that the decreased transcription of PYL resulted in the weak ABA signal transduction pathway. Moreover, decreased SA content caused by the low-expressed PAL might impact the resistance of S. tonkinensis seedlings under waterlogging stress. Our research may provide a scientific basis for the understanding of the endogenous hormone response mechanism of S. tonkinensis to waterlogging and lay a foundation for further exploration of the waterlogging defect resistance genes of S. tonkinensis and improving its resistance to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Qikui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
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Li K, Tian H, Tahir MM, Li S, Chen S, Fan L, Liu Z, Mao J, Zhang D. Transcriptome analysis reveals that cytokinins inhibit adventitious root formation through the MdRR12-MdCRF8 module in apple rootstock. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111220. [PMID: 35351311 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is great significance for apple rootstock breeding. Transcriptome analyses were performed with cytokinins (CTKs) signal treatments to analyze the mechanism of AR formation. The results showed that 6-benzyadenine (6-BA) treatment inhibited AR formation. Histological analysis also observed that AR primordium cell formation was significantly suppressed by 6-BA treatment; the ratio of auxin/cytokinins exhibited the lowest values at 1 and 3 day (d) in the 6-BA treatment group. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes were divided into five categories, including auxin, cytokinins, other hormones, cell cycle, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Due to the study of cytokinins signal treatment, it is important to understand the particular module mediated by the cytokinins pathway. The expression level of MdRR12 (a family member of B-type cytokinins-responsive factors) was significantly upregulated at 3 d by 6-BA treatment. Compared to the wild type, the 35S::MdRR12 transgenic tobaccos suppressed AR formation. The promoter sequence of MdCRF8 contains AGATT motif elements that respond to MdRR12. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR assays predicted cytokinins response factor (MdCRF8) to be a downstream gene regulated by MdRR12. The activity of the pro-MdCRF8-GUS promoter was obviously induced by 6-BA treatment and inhibited by lovastatin (Lov) treatment. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and GUS coexpression assays revealed that MdRR12 could directly bind to the MdCRF8 promoter. Additionally, 35S::MdCRF8 transgenic tobaccos also blocked AR growth. Compared to the wild type, 35S::MdRR12 and 35S::MdCRF8 transgenic tobaccos enhanced sensitivity to cytokinins. Thus, we describe that MdRR12 and MdCRF8 function as integrators of cytokinins signals that affect cell cycle- and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes to regulate cell fate transition during AR formation. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the MdRR12-MdCRF8 module is involved in the negative regulation of AR formation in apple rootstock and can potentially be applied in agriculture using genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Huiyue Tian
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Shaohuan Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Shiyue Chen
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Li Fan
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Zhimin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Jiangping Mao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P.R. China.
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26
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Chandwani S, Amaresan N. Role of ACC deaminase producing bacteria for abiotic stress management and sustainable agriculture production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22843-22859. [PMID: 35050477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are immobile and are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including heat, cold, drought, flooding, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal exposure, phytopathogens, and pest attacks. The stressors significantly affect agricultural productivity when exceed a certain threshold. It has been reported that most of the stressed plants are reported to have increased ethylene synthesis from its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of various physiological processes, such as respiration, nitrogen fixation, and photosynthesis. The increment in the plant hormone ethylene would reduce plant growth and development, and if the ethylene level increased beyond the limit, it could also result in plant death. Therefore, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) possessing ACC deaminase activity play an essential role in the management of biotic and abiotic stresses by hydrolysing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid using ACC deaminase. In this review, the importance of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria in promoting plant growth under various abiotic stressors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Chandwani
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli- 394 350, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Natarajan Amaresan
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli- 394 350, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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Manik SMN, Quamruzzaman M, Zhao C, Johnson P, Hunt I, Shabala S, Zhou M. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Marker Trait Associations (MTA) for Waterlogging-Triggered Adventitious Roots and Aerenchyma Formation in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063341. [PMID: 35328762 PMCID: PMC8954902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging is an environmental stress, which severely affects barley growth and development. Limited availability of oxygen in the root zone negatively affects the metabolism of the whole plant. Adventitious roots (AR) and root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) formation are the most important adaptive traits that contribute to a plant's ability to survive in waterlogged soil conditions. This study used a genome-wide association (GWAS) approach using 18,132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a panel of 697 barley genotypes to reveal marker trait associations (MTA) conferring the above adaptive traits. Experiments were conducted over two consecutive years in tanks filled with soil and then validated in field experiments. GWAS analysis was conducted using general linear models (GLM), mixed linear models (MLM), and fixed and random model circulating probability unification models (FarmCPU model), with the FarmCPU showing to be the best suited model. Six and five significant (approximately -log10 (p) ≥ 5.5) MTA were identified for AR and RCA formation under waterlogged conditions, respectively. The highest -log10 (p) MTA for adventitious root and aerenchyma formation were approximately 9 and 8 on chromosome 2H and 4H, respectively. The combination of different MTA showed to be more effective in forming RCA and producing more AR under waterlogging stress. Genes from major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) families for AR formation, and ethylene responsive factor (ERF) family genes and potassium transporter family genes for RCA formation were the potential candidate genes involved under waterlogging conditions. Several genotypes, which performed consistently well under different conditions, can be used in breeding programs to develop waterlogging-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Md Quamruzzaman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Peter Johnson
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Ian Hunt
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (S.M.N.M.); (M.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.J.); (I.H.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Xu L, Deng ZN, Wu KC, Malviya MK, Solanki MK, Verma KK, Pang T, Li YJ, Liu XY, Kashyap BK, Dessoky ES, Wang WZ, Huang HR. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Gene Expression Pattern That Contributes to Sugarcane Bud Propagation Induced by Indole-3-Butyric Acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852886. [PMID: 35371161 PMCID: PMC8969426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a cash crop that plays an integral part in the sugar industry. The Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) has been adopted globally, ensuring enough and aiming for more yield, helping increase disease-free sugarcane cultivation. Single-bud seeds could be the best approach for sugarcane cultivation. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is a rooting agent utilized significantly in seedling propagation. Greenhouse experiment results discovered the significant growth promotion in sugarcane seedlings and accumulation of plant hormones at 100 ppm IBA. Next, we performed transcriptomic analysis of sugarcane buds using RNA sequencing and compared their gene expression during root development due to affect of IBA (100 ppm). A total of 113,475 unigenes were annotated with an average length of 836 bp (N50 = 1,536). The comparative RNA-seq study between the control (CK) and IBA-treated (T) buds showed significant differentially expressed unigenes (494 upregulated and 2086 downregulated). The IBA influenced major biological processes including metabolic process, the cellular process, and single-organism process. For cellular component category, cell, cell part, organelle, membrane, and organelle part were mainly affected. In addition, catalytic activity and binding were primarily affected in the molecular function categories. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to plant hormones and signaling pathways was analyzed by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the RNA-seq expression profile. This study provides new insights into the IBA response to the bud sprouting in sugarcane based on RNA sequencing, and generated information could help further research on breeding improvement of sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Nian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kai-Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Eldessoky S. Dessoky
- Department of Plant Genetic Transformation, Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Zan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Omary M, Gil-Yarom N, Yahav C, Steiner E, Hendelman A, Efroni I. A conserved superlocus regulates above- and belowground root initiation. Science 2022; 375:eabf4368. [PMID: 35239373 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously form new organs in different developmental contexts in response to environmental cues. Underground lateral roots initiate from prepatterned cells in the main root, but cells can also bypass the root-shoot trajectory separation and generate shoot-borne roots through an unknown mechanism. We mapped tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) shoot-borne root development at single-cell resolution and showed that these roots initiate from phloem-associated cells through a unique transition state. This state requires the activity of a transcription factor that we named SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL). Evolutionary analysis reveals that SBRL's function and cis regulation are conserved in angiosperms and that it arose as an ancient duplication, with paralogs controlling wound-induced and lateral root initiation. We propose that the activation of a common transition state by context-specific regulators underlies the plasticity of plant root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Gil-Yarom
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Yahav
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evyatar Steiner
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Hendelman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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30
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Omary M, Gil-Yarom N, Yahav C, Steiner E, Hendelman A, Efroni I. A conserved superlocus regulates above- and belowground root initiation. Science 2022; 375:eabf4368. [PMID: 35239373 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.11.377937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants continuously form new organs in different developmental contexts in response to environmental cues. Underground lateral roots initiate from prepatterned cells in the main root, but cells can also bypass the root-shoot trajectory separation and generate shoot-borne roots through an unknown mechanism. We mapped tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) shoot-borne root development at single-cell resolution and showed that these roots initiate from phloem-associated cells through a unique transition state. This state requires the activity of a transcription factor that we named SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL). Evolutionary analysis reveals that SBRL's function and cis regulation are conserved in angiosperms and that it arose as an ancient duplication, with paralogs controlling wound-induced and lateral root initiation. We propose that the activation of a common transition state by context-specific regulators underlies the plasticity of plant root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Gil-Yarom
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Yahav
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evyatar Steiner
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Hendelman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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31
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Koramutla MK, Tuan PA, Ayele BT. Salicylic Acid Enhances Adventitious Root and Aerenchyma Formation in Wheat under Waterlogged Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031243. [PMID: 35163167 PMCID: PMC8835647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of salicylic acid (SA) in regulating morpho-anatomical adaptive responses of a wheat plant to waterlogging. Our pharmacological study showed that treatment of waterlogged wheat plants with exogenous SA promotes the formation axile roots and surface adventitious roots that originate from basal stem nodes, but inhibits their elongation, leading to the formation of a shallow root system. The treatment also enhanced axile root formation in non-waterlogged plants but with only slight reductions in their length and branch root formation. Exogenous SA enhanced the formation of root aerenchyma, a key anatomical adaptive response of plants to waterlogging. Consistent with these results, waterlogging enhanced SA content in the root via expression of specific isochorismate synthase (ICS; ICS1 and ICS2) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; PAL4, PAL5 and PAL6) genes and in the stem nodes via expression of specific PAL (PAL5 and PAL6) genes. Although not to the same level observed in waterlogged plants, exogenous SA also induced aerenchyma formation in non-waterlogged plants. The findings of this study furthermore indicated that inhibition of ethylene synthesis in SA treated non-waterlogged and waterlogged plants does not have any effect on SA-induced emergence of axile and/or surface adventitious roots but represses SA-mediated induction of aerenchyma formation. These results highlight that the role of SA in promoting the development of axile and surface adventitious roots in waterlogged wheat plants is ethylene independent while the induction of aerenchyma formation by SA requires the presence of ethylene.
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Chen H, Bullock DA, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. To Fight or to Grow: The Balancing Role of Ethylene in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010033. [PMID: 35009037 PMCID: PMC8747122 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or flooding. To adapt to unfavorable environments, plants have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms that serve to balance the trade-off between abiotic stress responses and growth. These mechanisms enable plants to continue to develop and reproduce even under adverse conditions. Ethylene, as a key growth regulator, is leveraged by plants to mitigate the negative effects of some of these stresses on plant development and growth. By cooperating with other hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BR), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and cytokinin (CK), ethylene triggers defense and survival mechanisms thereby coordinating plant growth and development in response to abiotic stresses. This review describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones in tipping the balance between plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
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33
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Li Z, Bai D, Zhong Y, Abid M, Qi X, Hu C, Fang J. Physiological Responses of Two Contrasting Kiwifruit ( Actinidia spp.) Rootstocks against Waterlogging Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122586. [PMID: 34961057 PMCID: PMC8707060 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rootstocks from Actinidia valvata are much more tolerant to waterlogging stress than those from Actinidia deliciosa, which are commonly used in kiwifruit production. To date, the tolerance mechanism of A. valvata rootstocks' adaptation to waterlogging stress has not been well explored. In this study, the responses of KR5 (A. valvata) and 'Hayward' (A. deliciosa) to waterlogging stress were compared. Results showed that KR5 plants performed much better than 'Hayward' during waterlogging by exhibiting higher net photosynthetic rates in leaves, more rapid formation of adventitious roots at the base of stems, and less severe damage to the main root system. In addition to morphological adaptations, metabolic responses of roots including sufficient sucrose reserves, modulated adjustment of fermentative enzymes, avoidance of excess lactic acid and ethanol accumulation, and promoted accumulation of total amino acids all possibly rendered KR5 plants more tolerant to waterlogging stress compared to 'Hayward' plants. Lysine contents of roots under waterlogging stress were increased in 'Hayward' and decreased in KR5 compared with their corresponding controls. Overall, our results revealed the morphological and metabolic adaptations of two kiwifruit rootstocks to waterlogging stress, which may be responsible for their genotypic difference in waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.L.); (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (X.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Danfeng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.L.); (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yunpeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.L.); (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (X.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.L.); (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.L.); (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (X.Q.)
| | - Chungen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinbao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.L.); (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (X.Q.)
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Owusu Adjei M, Xiang Y, He Y, Zhou X, Mao M, Liu J, Hu H, Luo J, Zhang H, Feng L, Yang W, Li X, Ma J. Adventitious root primordia formation and development in the stem of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus slip. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1949147. [PMID: 34288829 PMCID: PMC8525929 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1949147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are about 4-6 slips on a fruit, and they are good materials for effective regeneration of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus. Adventitious root (AR) induction is essential for the propagation of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus slips. Growth regulator treatment, and culture medium are imperative factors that affect slip growth and rooting. In order to screen the optimal methods for slips rooting and reveal the anatomic procedure of slip rooting, this study induced slip rooting by different treatment of growth regulator, culture medium, observed the slip stem structure, AR origination and formation procedure through paraffin sections. The results showed that, slip cuttings treated with 100 mg/L of Aminobenzotriazole (ABT) for 6 hrs, cultured in river sand: coconut chaff: garden soil 2:2:1 medium is the optimal method for rooting. The proper supplementary of ABT can enhance the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity, which resulted in the improvement of rooting. The slip stem structure is quite different from other monocots, which consists of epidermis, cortex, and stele with vascular tissues distributed in the cortex and stele. The AR primordia originates from the parenchyma cells located on the borderline between the cortex and stele. The vascular tissues in the AR develop and are connected with vascular tissue of the stem before the AR grew out the stem. The number of primary xylem poles in AR is about 30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Owusu Adjei
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Yixuan Xiang
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Yehua He
- Horticultural Biotechnology College of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuzixin Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Meiqin Mao
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaheng Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture-Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu- Sichuan, China
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Zhai S, Cai W, Xiang ZX, Chen CY, Lu YT, Yuan TT. PIN3-mediated auxin transport contributes to blue light-induced adventitious root formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111044. [PMID: 34620442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is a heritable quantitative trait that is influenced by multiple endogenous and exogenous factors in plants, and one important environmental factor required for efficient adventitious root formation is light signaling. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanism of light underlying adventitious root formation are still largely unexplored. Here, we report that blue light-induced adventitious root formation is regulated by PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3)-mediated auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Adventitious root formation is significantly impaired in the loss-of-function mutants of the blue light receptors, PHOTOROPIN1 (PHOT1) and PHOTOROPIN2 (PHOT2), as well as the phototropic transducer, NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3). In addition, blue light enhanced the auxin content in the adventitious root, and the pin3 loss-of-function mutant had a reduced adventitious rooting response under blue light compared to the wild type. The PIN3 protein level was higher in plants treated with blue light than in those in darkness, especially in the hypocotyl pericycle, while PIN3-GFP failed to accumulate in nph3 PIN3::PIN3-GFP. Furthermore, the results showed that PIN3 physically interacted with NPH3, a key transducer in phototropic signaling. Taken together, our study demonstrates that blue light induces adventitious root formation through the phototropic signal transducer, NPH3, which regulates adventitious root formation by affecting PIN3-mediated auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Crop Science of Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, 430345, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Cai-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Mignolli F, Barone JO, Vidoz ML. Root submergence enhances respiration and sugar accumulation in the stem of flooded tomato plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3643-3654. [PMID: 34268805 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is a major environmental constraint that obliges plants to adopt plastic responses in order to cope with it. When partially submerged, tomato plants undergo profound changes involving rearrangements in their morphology and metabolism. In this work, we observed that partial submergence markedly dampens root respiration and halts root growth. However, the flooded hypocotyl surprisingly enhances oxygen consumption. Previous results demonstrated that aerenchyma formation in the submerged tomato stem re-establishes internal oxygen tension, making aerobic respiration possible. Indeed, potassium cyanide abruptly stops oxygen uptake, indicating that the cytochrome c pathway is likely to be engaged. Furthermore, we found out that leaf-derived sugars accumulate in large amounts in hypocotyls of flooded plants. Girdling and feeding experiments point to sucrose as the main carbon source for respiration. Consistently, submerged hypocotyls are characterized by high sucrose synthase activity, indicating that sucrose is cleaved and channelled into respiration. Since inhibition of hypocotyl respiration significantly prevents sugar build-up, it is suggested that a high respiration rate is required for sucrose unloading from phloem. As substrate availability increases, respiration is fuelled even more, leading to a maintained allocation of sugars to flooded hypocotyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mignolli
- Fisiología Vegetal e Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Javier Orlando Barone
- Fisiología Vegetal e Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vidoz
- Fisiología Vegetal e Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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Leftley N, Banda J, Pandey B, Bennett M, Voß U. Uncovering How Auxin Optimizes Root Systems Architecture in Response to Environmental Stresses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040014. [PMID: 33903159 PMCID: PMC8559545 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since colonizing land, plants have developed mechanisms to tolerate a broad range of abiotic stresses that include flooding, drought, high salinity, and nutrient limitation. Roots play a key role acclimating plants to these as their developmental plasticity enables them to grow toward more favorable conditions and away from limiting or harmful stresses. The phytohormone auxin plays a key role translating these environmental signals into developmental outputs. This is achieved by modulating auxin levels and/or signaling, often through cross talk with other hormone signals like abscisic acid (ABA) or ethylene. In our review, we discuss how auxin controls root responses to water, osmotic and nutrient-related stresses, and describe how the synthesis, degradation, transport, and response of this key signaling hormone helps optimize root architecture to maximize resource acquisition while limiting the impact of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Voß
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Larriba E, Sánchez-García AB, Justamante MS, Martínez-Andújar C, Albacete A, Pérez-Pérez JM. Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11843. [PMID: 34769274 PMCID: PMC8584571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have a remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we use Solanum lycopersicum 'Micro-Tom' explants as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation, as these explants can regenerate the missing structures without the exogenous application of plant hormones. Here, we performed simultaneous targeted profiling of 22 phytohormone-related metabolites during de novo organ formation and found that endogenous hormone levels dynamically changed after root and shoot excision, according to region-specific patterns. Our results indicate that a defined temporal window of high auxin-to-cytokinin accumulation in the basal region of the explants was required for adventitious root formation and that was dependent on a concerted regulation of polar auxin transport through the hypocotyl, of local induction of auxin biosynthesis, and of local inhibition of auxin degradation. In the apical region, though, a minimum of auxin-to-cytokinin ratio is established shortly after wounding both by decreasing active auxin levels and by draining auxin via its basipetal transport and internalization. Cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormonal gradients involved in wound-induced de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Ana Belén Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - María Salud Justamante
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Andújar
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
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39
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Sharmin RA, Karikari B, Chang F, Al Amin GM, Bhuiyan MR, Hina A, Lv W, Chunting Z, Begum N, Zhao T. Genome-wide association study uncovers major genetic loci associated with seed flooding tolerance in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:497. [PMID: 34715792 PMCID: PMC8555181 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed flooding stress is one of the threatening environmental stressors that adversely limits soybean at the germination stage across the globe. The knowledge on the genetic basis underlying seed-flooding tolerance is limited. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 34,718 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in a panel of 243 worldwide soybean collections to identify genetic loci linked to soybean seed flooding tolerance at the germination stage. RESULTS In the present study, GWAS was performed with two contrasting models, Mixed Linear Model (MLM) and Multi-Locus Random-SNP-Effect Mixed Linear Model (mrMLM) to identify significant SNPs associated with electrical conductivity (EC), germination rate (GR), shoot length (ShL), and root length (RL) traits at germination stage in soybean. With MLM, a total of 20, 40, 4, and 9 SNPs associated with EC, GR, ShL and RL, respectively, whereas in the same order mrMLM detected 27, 17, 13, and 18 SNPs. Among these SNPs, two major SNPs, Gm_08_11971416, and Gm_08_46239716 were found to be consistently connected with seed-flooding tolerance related traits, namely EC and GR across two environments. We also detected two SNPs, Gm_05_1000479 and Gm_01_53535790 linked to ShL and RL, respectively. Based on Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, gene functional annotations, and protein-protein interaction network analysis, we predicted eight candidate genes and three hub genes within the regions of the four SNPs with Cis-elements in promoter regions which may be involved in seed-flooding tolerance in soybeans and these warrant further screening and functional validation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that GWAS based on high-density SNP markers is an efficient approach to dissect the genetic basis of complex traits and identify candidate genes in soybean. The trait associated SNPs could be used for genetic improvement in soybean breeding programs. The candidate genes could help researchers better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying seed-flooding stress tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripa Akter Sharmin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Fangguo Chang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - G M Al Amin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mashiur Rahman Bhuiyan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Aiman Hina
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenhuan Lv
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhang Chunting
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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40
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Understanding a Mechanistic Basis of ABA Involvement in Plant Adaptation to Soil Flooding: The Current Standing. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101982. [PMID: 34685790 PMCID: PMC8537370 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil flooding severely impairs agricultural crop production. Plants can cope with flooding conditions by embracing an orchestrated set of morphological adaptations and physiological adjustments that are regulated by the elaborated hormonal signaling network. The most prominent of these hormones is ethylene, which has been firmly established as a critical signal in flooding tolerance. ABA (abscisic acid) is also known as a “stress hormone” that modulates various responses to abiotic stresses; however, its role in flooding tolerance remains much less established. Here, we discuss the progress made in the elucidation of morphological adaptations regulated by ABA and its crosstalk with other phytohormones under flooding conditions in model plants and agriculturally important crops.
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Nascimento VL, Pereira AM, Pereira AS, Silva VF, Costa LC, Bastos CEA, Ribeiro DM, Caldana C, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Physiological and metabolic bases of increased growth in the tomato ethylene-insensitive mutant Never ripe: extending ethylene signaling functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1377-1393. [PMID: 33074436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tomato mutant Never ripe (Nr), a loss-of-function for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, shows enhanced growth, associated with increased carbon assimilation and a rewiring of the central metabolism. Compelling evidence has demonstrated the importance of ethylene during tomato fruit development, yet its role on leaf central metabolism and plant growth remains elusive. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of Never ripe (Nr) tomato, a loss-of-function mutant for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, known for its fruits which never ripe. However, besides fruits, the Nr gene is also constitutively expressed in vegetative tissues. Nr mutant showed a growth enhancement during both the vegetative and reproductive stage, without an earlier onset of leaf senescence, with Nr plants exhibiting a higher number of leaves and an increased dry weight of leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. At metabolic level, Nr also plays a significant role with the mutant showing changes in carbon assimilation, carbohydrates turnover, and an exquisite reprogramming of a large number of metabolite levels. Notably, the expression of genes related to ethylene signaling and biosynthesis are not altered in Nr. We assess our results in the context of those previously published for tomato fruits and of current models of ethylene signal transduction, and conclude that ethylene insensitivity mediated by Nr impacts the whole central metabolism at vegetative stage, leading to increased growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aurelio S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Carla E A Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Zhang H, Li G, Yan C, Cao N, Yang H, Le M, Zhu F. Depicting the molecular responses of adventitious rooting to waterlogging in melon hypocotyls by transcriptome profiling. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:351. [PMID: 34221821 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging is a severe abiotic stressor that inhibits crop growth and productivity owing to the decline in the amount of oxygen available to the waterlogged organs. Although melon (Cucumis melo L.) is sensitive to waterlogging, its ability to form adventitious roots facilitates the diffusion of oxygen and allows the plant to survive waterlogging. To provide comprehensive insight into the adventitious rooting in response to waterlogging of melon, global transcriptome changes during this process were investigated. Of the 17,146 genes expressed during waterlogging, 7363 of them were differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons between different waterlogging treatment time points. A further analysis suggested that the genes involved in sugar cleavage, glycolysis, fermentation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, cell wall modification, cell cycle governing, microtubule remodeling, hormone signals and transcription factors could play crucial roles in the adventitious root production induced by waterlogging. Additionally, ethylene and ERFs were found to be vital factors that function in melon during adventitious rooting. This study broadens our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie adventitious rooting induced by waterlogging and lays the theoretical foundation for further molecular breeding of waterlogging-tolerant melon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02866-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Guoquan Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Chengpu Yan
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Na Cao
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Huidong Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Meiwang Le
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Fanghong Zhu
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
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43
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Tamang BG, Li S, Rajasundaram D, Lamichhane S, Fukao T. Overlapping and stress-specific transcriptomic and hormonal responses to flooding and drought in soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:100-117. [PMID: 33864651 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flooding and drought are serious constraints that reduce crop productivity worldwide. Previous studies identified genes conferring tolerance to both water extremes in various plants. However, overlapping responses to flooding and drought at the genome-scale remain obscure. Here, we defined overlapping and stress-specific transcriptomic and hormonal responses to submergence, drought and recovery from these stresses in soybean (Glycine max). We performed comparative RNA-sequencing and hormone profiling, identifying genes, hormones and biological processes that are differentially regulated in an overlapping or stress-specific manner. Overlapping responses included positive regulation of trehalose and sucrose metabolism and negative regulation of cellulose, tubulin, photosystem II and I, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, facilitating the economization of energy reserves under both submergence and drought. Additional energy-consuming pathways were restricted in a stress-specific manner. Downregulation of distinct pathways for energy saving under each stress suggests energy-consuming processes that are relatively unnecessary for each stress adaptation are turned down. Our newly developed transcriptomic-response analysis revealed that abscisic acid and ethylene responses were activated in common under both stresses, whereas stimulated auxin response was submergence-specific. The energy-saving strategy is the key overlapping mechanism that underpins adaptation to both submergence and drought in soybean. Abscisic acid and ethylene are candidate hormones that coordinate transcriptomic energy-saving processes under both stresses. Auxin may be a signaling component that distinguishes submergence-specific regulation of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal G Tamang
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Song Li
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Suman Lamichhane
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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44
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Joshi M, Ginzberg I. Adventitious root formation in crops-Potato as an example. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:124-133. [PMID: 33305392 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The root system of potato is made up of adventitious roots (AR) that form at the base of a sprout once it emerges from the mother tuber. By definition, AR originate from dormant preformed meristems, or from cells neighboring vascular tissues in stems or leaves. This may occur as part of the developmental program of the plant (e.g., potato), or when replacing the embryonic primary roots in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, or wounding. AR formation is studied mainly in cereals and model plants, and less is known about its developmental program in root and tuber crops. In this review, we summarize the recent data on AR development in potato and relate this knowledge to what is known from model plants. For example, AR formation following stem cutting in potato follows a pattern of initiation, expression, and emergence phases that are known for other plants and involves auxin, the master regulator of AR induction and development. Molecular regulation of AR formation and the effect of environmental stresses are discussed. Understanding the origin and nature of AR systems in important crops will contribute to increased production and improve global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Alaguero-Cordovilla A, Sánchez-García AB, Ibáñez S, Albacete A, Cano A, Acosta M, Pérez-Pérez JM. An auxin-mediated regulatory framework for wound-induced adventitious root formation in tomato shoot explants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1642-1662. [PMID: 33464573 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots (ARs) are produced from non-root tissues in response to different environmental signals, such as abiotic stresses, or after wounding, in a complex developmental process that requires hormonal crosstalk. Here, we characterized AR formation in young seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Micro-Tom' after whole root excision by means of physiological, genetic and molecular approaches. We found that a regulated basipetal auxin transport from the shoot and local auxin biosynthesis triggered by wounding are both required for the re-establishment of internal auxin gradients within the vasculature. This promotes cell proliferation at the distal cambium near the wound in well-defined positions of the basal hypocotyl and during a narrow developmental window. In addition, a pre-established pattern of differential auxin responses along the apical-basal axis of the hypocotyl and an as of yet unknown cell-autonomous inhibitory pathway contribute to the temporal and spatial patterning of the newly formed ARs on isolated hypocotyl explants. Our work provides an experimental outline for the dissection of wound-induced AR formation in tomato, a species that is suitable for molecular identification of gene regulatory networks via forward and reverse genetics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Present address: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), La Alberca, Spain
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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46
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De Ollas C, González-Guzmán M, Pitarch Z, Matus JT, Candela H, Rambla JL, Granell A, Gómez-Cadenas A, Arbona V. Identification of ABA-Mediated Genetic and Metabolic Responses to Soil Flooding in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. Mill). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613059. [PMID: 33746996 PMCID: PMC7973378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil flooding is a compound abiotic stress that alters soil properties and limits atmospheric gas diffusion (O2 and CO2) to the roots. The involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in the regulation of soil flooding-specific genetic and metabolic responses has been scarcely studied despite its key importance as regulator in other abiotic stress conditions. To attain this objective, wild type and ABA-deficient tomatoes were subjected to short-term (24 h) soil waterlogging. After this period, gas exchange parameters were reduced in the wild type but not in ABA-deficient plants that always had higher E and g s . Transcript and metabolite alterations were more intense in waterlogged tissues, with genotype-specific variations. Waterlogging reduced the ABA levels in the roots while inducing PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and ABA-dependent transcription factor transcripts, of which induction was less pronounced in the ABA-deficient genotype. Ethylene/O2-dependent genetic responses (ERFVIIs, plant anoxia survival responses, and genes involved in the N-degron pathway) were induced in hypoxic tissues independently of the genotype. Interestingly, genes encoding a nitrate reductase and a phytoglobin involved in NO biosynthesis and scavenging and ERFVII stability were induced in waterlogged tissues, but to a lower extent in ABA-deficient tomato. At the metabolic level, flooding-induced accumulation of Ala was enhanced in ABA-deficient lines following a differential accumulation of Glu and Asp in both hypoxic and aerated tissues, supporting their involvement as sources of oxalacetate to feed the tricarboxylic acid cycle in waterlogged tissues and constituting a potential advantage upon long periods of soil waterlogging. The promoter analysis of upregulated genes indicated that the production of oxalacetate from Asp via Asp oxidase, energy processes such as acetyl-CoA, ATP, and starch biosynthesis, and the lignification process were likely subjected to ABA regulation. Taken together, these data indicate that ABA depletion in waterlogged tissues acts as a positive signal, inducing several specific genetic and metabolic responses to soil flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De Ollas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Zara Pitarch
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Rambla
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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47
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Pucciariello C, Perata P. The Oxidative Paradox in Low Oxygen Stress in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:332. [PMID: 33672303 PMCID: PMC7926446 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are part of aerobic environments, and variations in the availability of oxygen (O2) in the environment can lead to altered ROS levels. In plants, the O2 sensing machinery guides the molecular response to low O2, regulating a subset of genes involved in metabolic adaptations to hypoxia, including proteins involved in ROS homeostasis and acclimation. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) participates in signaling events that modulate the low O2 stress response. In this review, we summarize recent findings that highlight the roles of ROS and NO under environmentally or developmentally defined low O2 conditions. We conclude that ROS and NO are emerging regulators during low O2 signalling and key molecules in plant adaptation to flooding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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48
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Hostetler AN, Khangura RS, Dilkes BP, Sparks EE. Bracing for sustainable agriculture: the development and function of brace roots in members of Poaceae. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101985. [PMID: 33418403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of crop production requires root systems to function in water uptake, nutrient use, and anchorage. In maize, two types of nodal roots-subterranean crown and aerial brace roots function in anchorage and water uptake and preferentially express multiple water and nutrient transporters. Brace root development shares genetic control with juvenile-to-adult phase change and flowering time. We present a comprehensive list of the genes known to alter brace roots and explore these as candidates for QTL studies in maize and sorghum. Brace root development and function may be conserved in other members of Poaceae, however research is limited. This work highlights the critical knowledge gap of aerial nodal root development and function and suggests new focus areas for breeding resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Hostetler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, United States
| | - Rajdeep S Khangura
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Brian P Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Erin E Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, United States.
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Cui C, Wang Z, Su Y, Wang T. New insight into the rapid growth of the Mikania micrantha stem based on DIA proteomic and RNA-Seq analysis. J Proteomics 2021; 236:104126. [PMID: 33540067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mikania micrantha is one of the world's most invasive plants, which causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and agroforestry systems due to its rapid stem growth. This work investigated the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of M. micrantha in different stem tissues (pre-internode, post-internode, and internode), as well as in adventitious roots and primary roots with the final goal of elucidating differentially expressed genes and proteins responsible for the rapid growth of stem. The objective was approached by using DIA-based proteomic and RNA-Seq technologies. More than seven giga-transcriptome clean reads were sequenced, and 5196 protein species were identified. Differentially expressed genes identified in all stem tissues were significantly enriched in photosynthesis and carbon fixation, suggesting that the stem possesses a strong photosynthetic capacity in order to maintain the energy supply for this species. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins showed that proteins related to photosystem I/II and the cytochrome b6/f complex, such as D1, D2, and cp43, were also highly accumulated in the adventitious roots, corroborating the transcriptome analysis results. These results provided basic proteomic and transcriptional expression information about the M. micrantha stem and adventitious root, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying rapid growth in this species. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to investigate the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of Mikania micrantha, a highly invasive plant, in different stem tissues (pre-internode, post-internode, and internode), as well as in adventitious and primary roots, using the latest DIA-based (data-independent acquisition mode) proteomic and RNA-Seq technologies. A comprehensive study was carried out, and differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed proteins identified in the pre-internode, post-internode, and internode tissues were significantly enriched during photosynthesis and carbon fixation, suggesting that the M. micrantha stem possesses a strong photosynthetic capacity that allows the plant to maintain a high energy supply. Enriched plant hormone signal transduction pathway analysis revealed an interaction between auxin and other phytohormones involved in adventitious root development. The study provided basic data on the molecular mechanism of M. micrantha vegetative propagation and the rapid growth of its stem. The novel scientific content of this study successfully builds upon the limited information currently available on the subject, therefore warranting publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Lu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Lu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Lu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China; Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan 483, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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50
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Long-Term Waterlogging as Factor Contributing to Hypoxia Stress Tolerance Enhancement in Cucumber: Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Waterlogging Sensitive and Tolerant Accessions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020189. [PMID: 33525400 PMCID: PMC7912563 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging (WL), excess water in the soil, is a phenomenon often occurring during plant cultivation causing low oxygen levels (hypoxia) in the soil. The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes involved in long-term waterlogging tolerance in cucumber using RNA sequencing. Here, we also determined how waterlogging pre-treatment (priming) influenced long-term memory in WL tolerant (WL-T) and WL sensitive (WL-S) i.e., DH2 and DH4 accessions, respectively. This work uncovered various differentially expressed genes (DEGs) activated in the long-term recovery in both accessions. De novo assembly generated 36,712 transcripts with an average length of 2236 bp. The results revealed that long-term waterlogging had divergent impacts on gene expression in WL-T DH2 and WL-S DH4 cucumber accessions: after 7 days of waterlogging, more DEGs in comparison to control conditions were identified in WL-S DH4 (8927) than in WL-T DH2 (5957). Additionally, 11,619 and 5007 DEGs were identified after a second waterlogging treatment in the WL-S and WL-T accessions, respectively. We identified genes associated with WL in cucumber that were especially related to enhanced glycolysis, adventitious roots development, and amino acid metabolism. qRT-PCR assay for hypoxia marker genes i.e., alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (aco) and long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6 (lacs6) confirmed differences in response to waterlogging stress between sensitive and tolerant cucumbers and effectiveness of priming to enhance stress tolerance.
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