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Fagerstedt KV, Pucciariello C, Pedersen O, Perata P. Recent progress in understanding the cellular and genetic basis of plant responses to low oxygen holds promise for developing flood-resilient crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1217-1233. [PMID: 37991267 PMCID: PMC10901210 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
With recent progress in active research on flooding and hypoxia/anoxia tolerance in native and agricultural crop plants, vast knowledge has been gained on both individual tolerance mechanisms and the general mechanisms of flooding tolerance in plants. Research on carbohydrate consumption, ethanolic and lactic acid fermentation, and their regulation under stress conditions has been accompanied by investigations on aerenchyma development and the emergence of the radial oxygen loss barrier in some plant species under flooded conditions. The discovery of the oxygen-sensing mechanism in plants and unravelling the intricacies of this mechanism have boosted this very international research effort. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of oxygen availability as a signalling component during plant development. The latest developments in determining actual oxygen concentrations using minute probes and molecular sensors in tissues and even within cells have provided new insights into the intracellular effects of flooding. The information amassed during recent years has been used in the breeding of new flood-tolerant crop cultivars. With the wealth of metabolic, anatomical, and genetic information, novel holistic approaches can be used to enhance crop species and their productivity under increasing stress conditions due to climate change and the subsequent changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt V Fagerstedt
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 65, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa 56127, Italy
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Amthor JS. ATP yield of plant respiration: potential, actual and unknown. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:133-162. [PMID: 37409716 PMCID: PMC10550282 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ATP yield of plant respiration (ATP/hexose unit respired) quantitatively links active heterotrophic processes with substrate consumption. Despite its importance, plant respiratory ATP yield is uncertain. The aim here was to integrate current knowledge of cellular mechanisms with inferences required to fill knowledge gaps to generate a contemporary estimate of respiratory ATP yield and identify important unknowns. METHOD A numerical balance sheet model combining respiratory carbon metabolism and electron transport pathways with uses of the resulting transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient was created and parameterized for healthy, non-photosynthesizing plant cells catabolizing sucrose or starch to produce cytosolic ATP. KEY RESULTS Mechanistically, the number of c subunits in the mitochondrial ATP synthase Fo sector c-ring, which is unquantified in plants, affects ATP yield. A value of 10 was (justifiably) used in the model, in which case respiration of sucrose potentially yields about 27.5 ATP/hexose (0.5 ATP/hexose more from starch). Actual ATP yield often will be smaller than its potential due to bypasses of energy-conserving reactions in the respiratory chain, even in unstressed plants. Notably, all else being optimal, if 25 % of respiratory O2 uptake is via the alternative oxidase - a typically observed fraction - ATP yield falls 15 % below its potential. CONCLUSIONS Plant respiratory ATP yield is smaller than often assumed (certainly less than older textbook values of 36-38 ATP/hexose) leading to underestimation of active-process substrate requirements. This hinders understanding of ecological/evolutionary trade-offs between competing active processes and assessments of crop growth gains possible through bioengineering of processes that consume ATP. Determining the plant mitochondrial ATP synthase c-ring size, the degree of any minimally required (useful) bypasses of energy-conserving reactions in the respiratory chain, and the magnitude of any 'leaks' in the inner mitochondrial membrane are key research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Amthor
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Wang C, Zhang P, He Y, Huang F, Wang X, Li H, Yuan L, Hou J, Chen G, Wang W, Wu J, Tang X. Exogenous spraying of IAA improved the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) by affecting the balance of endogenous hormones, energy metabolism, and cell wall degradation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:380. [PMID: 37415142 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microspore embryogenesis is an extraordinarily complicated process, comprehensively regulated by a composite network of physiological and molecular factors, among which hormone is one of the most crucial factors. Auxin is required for stress-induced microspore reprogramming, however, the mechanism of its regulation of microspore embryogenesis is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we found exogenously spraying 100 mg·L- 1 IAA on the buds of Wucai significantly increased the rate of microspore embryogenesis, and moreover accelerated the process of embryogenesis. Physiological and biochemical tests showed that the contents of amino acids, soluble total sugar, soluble protein, and starch were significantly increased after IAA treatment. Furthermore, exogenously spraying 100 mg·L- 1 IAA significantly enhanced IAA, GA4, and GA9 content, increased catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and reduced abscisic acid (ABA), MDA and soluble protopectin content, H2O2 and O2·- production rate in the bud with the largest population of late-uninucleate-stage microspores. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on buds respectively treated with 100 mg·L- 1 IAA and fresh water. A total of 2004 DEGs were identified, of which 79 were involved in micropores development, embryonic development and cell wall formation and modification, most of which were upregulated. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that 9.52% of DEGs were enriched in plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction pathways, pentose and glucuronic acid exchange pathways, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that exogenous IAA altered the contents of endogenous hormone content, total soluble sugar, amino acid, starch, soluble protein, MDA and protopectin, the activities of CAT and peroxidase (POD), and the production rate of H2O2 and O2·-. Combined with transcriptome analysis, it was found that most genes related to gibberellin (GA) and Auxin (IAA) synthesis and signal transduction, pectin methylase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PGs) genes and genes related to ATP synthesis and electron transport chain were upregulated, and genes related to ABA synthesis and signal transduction were downregulated. These results indicated that exogenous IAA treatment could change the balance of endogenous hormones, accelerate cell wall degradation, promote ATP synthesis and nutrient accumulation, inhibit ROS accumulation, which ultimately promote microspore embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yun He
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Furong Huang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
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Tojo H, Tabeta H, Gunji S, Hirai MY, David P, Javot H, Ferjani A. Roles of type II H +-PPases and PPsPase1/PECP2 in early developmental stages and PPi homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1031426. [PMID: 36778688 PMCID: PMC9911876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1031426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) level is crucial for proper morphogenesis across all taxonomic kingdoms. PPi is released as a byproduct from ~200 metabolic reactions, then hydrolyzed by either membrane-bound (H+-PPase) or soluble pyrophosphatases (PPases). In Arabidopsis, the loss of the vacuolar H+-PPase/FUGU5, a key enzyme in PPi homeostasis, results in delayed growth and a number of developmental defects, pointing to the importance of PPi homeostasis in plant morphogenesis. The Arabidopsis genome encodes several PPases in addition to FUGU5, such as PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2, although their significance regarding PPi homeostasis remains elusive. Here, to assess their contribution, phenotypic analyses of cotyledon aspect ratio, palisade tissue cellular phenotypes, adaxial side pavement cell complexity, stomatal distribution, and etiolated seedling length were performed, provided that they were altered due to excess PPi in a fugu5 mutant background. Overall, our analyses revealed that the above five traits were unaffected in ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 loss-of-function mutants, as well as in fugu5 mutant lines constitutively overexpressing PPsPase1/PECP2. Furthermore, metabolomics revealed that ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 etiolated seedlings exhibited metabolic profiles comparable to the wild type. Together, these results indicate that the contribution of PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2 to PPi levels is negligible in comparison to FUGU5 in the early stages of seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tojo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Y. Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Tabeta H, Gunji S, Kawade K, Ferjani A. Leaf-size control beyond transcription factors: Compensatory mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1024945. [PMID: 36756231 PMCID: PMC9901582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves display abundant morphological richness yet grow to characteristic sizes and shapes. Beginning with a small number of undifferentiated founder cells, leaves evolve via a complex interplay of regulatory factors that ultimately influence cell proliferation and subsequent post-mitotic cell enlargement. During their development, a sequence of key events that shape leaves is both robustly executed spatiotemporally following a genomic molecular network and flexibly tuned by a variety of environmental stimuli. Decades of work on Arabidopsis thaliana have revisited the compensatory phenomena that might reflect a general and primary size-regulatory mechanism in leaves. This review focuses on key molecular and cellular events behind the organ-wide scale regulation of compensatory mechanisms. Lastly, emerging novel mechanisms of metabolic and hormonal regulation are discussed, based on recent advances in the field that have provided insights into, among other phenomena, leaf-size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Li H, Xu L, Li J, Lyu X, Li S, Wang C, Wang X, Ma C, Yan C. Multi-omics analysis of the regulatory effects of low-phosphorus stress on phosphorus transport in soybean roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992036. [PMID: 36119614 PMCID: PMC9478169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory effects of uneven phosphorus supplies on phosphorus transport in soybean roots are still unclear. To further analyze the regulatory effects of low-phosphorus stress on phosphorus transport in soybean roots and the effects of uneven phosphorus application on the physiological mechanism of phosphorus transport in soybean roots, dual-root soybean plants were prepared via grafting, and a sand culture experiment was performed. From the unfolded cotyledon stage to the initial flowering stage, one side of each dual-root soybean system was irrigated with a low-phosphorus-concentration solution (phosphorus-application [P+] side), and the other side was irrigated with a phosphorus-free nutrient solution (phosphorus-free [P-] side); this setup allowed the study of the effects of different phosphorus supply levels on the expression of genes and proteins and the accumulation of metabolites in soybean roots on the P- side to clarify the method through which phosphorus transport is regulated in soybean roots and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the use rate of phosphorus fertilizer. The results revealed that the unilateral supply of low-concentration phosphorus promoted the uptake of phosphorus by soybean roots and the transport of phosphorus from the P+ side to the P- side. Compared with the normal concentration of phosphorus supply and the phosphorus-free supply, the low concentration phosphorus supply affected the regulation of the metabolic pathways involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, fructose, and mannose metabolism, etc., thereby affecting soybean root phosphorus transport. The low-phosphorus stress inhibited fructose synthesis and sucrose synthase synthesis in the soybean roots and the synthesis of hexokinase (HK) and fructose kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of fructose to fructose-6-phosphate. Low-phosphorus stress promoted the synthesis of sucrose invertase and the conversion of sucrose into maltose by the activity of starch synthase (StS) and stimulated the synthesis of UDPG pyrophosphorylase (UGP) and phosphoglucose isomerase (GP1), which is involved in the conversion of UDP-glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. The phosphorus transport pathway of soybean roots was then affected, which promoted phosphorus allocation to UTP and glucose-6-phosphate. Additionally, low-phosphorus stress hastened glycolysis in the soybean roots and inhibited the synthesis of malic acid, thereby promoting the transport of phosphorus in the roots. In addition, low-phosphorus stress inhibited the synthesis of fructose, mannose, and mannose-1-phosphate and the synthesis of other enzymes involved in phosphorus transport as well as invertase, thereby inhibiting the transport and synthesis of several organic phosphorus-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Letian Xu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaochen Lyu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelai Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Gunji S, Kawade K, Tabeta H, Horiguchi G, Oikawa A, Asaoka M, Hirai MY, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. Tissue-targeted inorganic pyrophosphate hydrolysis in a fugu5 mutant reveals that excess inorganic pyrophosphate triggers developmental defects in a cell-autonomous manner. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945225. [PMID: 35991393 PMCID: PMC9386291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excess PPi triggers developmental defects in a cell-autonomous manner. The level of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) must be tightly regulated in all kingdoms for the proper execution of cellular functions. In plants, the vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) has a pivotal role in PPi homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that the excess cytosolic PPi in the H+-PPase loss-of-function fugu5 mutant inhibits gluconeogenesis from seed storage lipids, arrests cell division in cotyledonary palisade tissue, and triggers a compensated cell enlargement (CCE). Moreover, PPi alters pavement cell (PC) shape, stomatal patterning, and functioning, supporting specific yet broad inhibitory effects of PPi on leaf morphogenesis. Whereas these developmental defects were totally rescued by the expression of the yeast soluble pyrophosphatase IPP1, sucrose supply alone canceled CCE in the palisade tissue but not the epidermal developmental defects. Hence, we postulated that the latter are likely triggered by excess PPi rather than a sucrose deficit. To formally test this hypothesis, we adopted a spatiotemporal approach by constructing and analyzing fugu5-1 PDF1 pro ::IPP1, fugu5-1 CLV1 pro ::IPP1, and fugu5-1 ICL pro ::IPP1, whereby PPi was removed specifically from the epidermis, palisade tissue cells, or during the 4 days following seed imbibition, respectively. It is important to note that whereas PC defects in fugu5-1 PDF1 pro ::IPP1 were completely recovered, those in fugu5-1 CLV1 pro ::IPP1 were not. In addition, phenotypic analyses of fugu5-1 ICL pro ::IPP1 lines demonstrated that the immediate removal of PPi after seed imbibition markedly improved overall plant growth, abolished CCE, but only partially restored the epidermal developmental defects. Next, the impact of spatial and temporal removal of PPi was investigated by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF MS). Our analysis revealed that the metabolic profiles are differentially affected among all the above transgenic lines, and consistent with an axial role of central metabolism of gluconeogenesis in CCE. Taken together, this study provides a conceptual framework to unveil metabolic fluctuations within leaf tissues with high spatio-temporal resolution. Finally, our findings suggest that excess PPi exerts its inhibitory effect in planta in the early stages of seedling establishment in a tissue- and cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Hajheidari M, Gerlach N, Dorau K, Omidbakhshfard MA, Pesch L, Hofmann J, Hallab A, Ponce-Soto GY, Kuhalskaya A, Medeiros DB, Bourceret A, Usadel B, Mayer J, Fernie A, Mansfeldt T, Sonnewald U, Bucher M. Crop genetic diversity uncovers metabolites, elements, and gene networks predicted to be associated with high plant biomass yields in maize. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac068. [PMID: 36741443 PMCID: PMC9896949 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and increasing demand for food, feed, and bioenergy in these times of unprecedented climate change require breeding for increased biomass production on the world's croplands. To accelerate breeding programs, knowledge of the relationship between biomass features and underlying gene networks is needed to guide future breeding efforts. To this end, large-scale multiomics datasets were created with genetically diverse maize lines, all grown in long-term organic and conventional cropping systems. Analysis of the datasets, integrated using regression modeling and network analysis revealed key metabolites, elements, gene transcripts, and gene networks, whose contents during vegetative growth substantially influence the build-up of plant biomass in the reproductive phase. We found that S and P content in the source leaf and P content in the root during the vegetative stage contributed the most to predicting plant performance at the reproductive stage. In agreement with the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the cis-motifs and identified transcription factors associated with upregulated genes under phosphate deficiency showed great diversity in the molecular response to phosphate deficiency in selected lines. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that genotype-dependent uptake, assimilation, and allocation of essential nutrient elements (especially C and N) during vegetative growth under phosphate starvation plays an important role in determining plant biomass by controlling root traits related to nutrient uptake. These integrative multiomics results revealed key factors underlying maize productivity and open new opportunities for efficient, rapid, and cost-effective plant breeding to increase biomass yield of the cereal crop maize under adverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Gerlach
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristof Dorau
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus‐Magnus‐Platz, D‐50923 Köln, Germany
| | - M Amin Omidbakhshfard
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lina Pesch
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asis Hallab
- Bioinformatics (IBG‐4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D‐52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Anastasiya Kuhalskaya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Björn Usadel
- Bioinformatics (IBG‐4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D‐52425 Jülich, Germany,HHU Düsseldorf, Institute of Biological Data Science, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Mayer
- Agroscope, Department of Agroecology and Environment, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tim Mansfeldt
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus‐Magnus‐Platz, D‐50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Yu JQ, Gu KD, Zhang LL, Sun CH, Zhang QY, Wang JH, Wang CK, Wang WY, Du MC, Hu DG. MdbHLH3 modulates apple soluble sugar content by activating phosphofructokinase gene expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:884-900. [PMID: 35199464 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are involved in plant growth, fruit quality, and signaling perception. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in soluble sugar accumulation is essential to understand fruit development. Here, we report that MdPFPβ, a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase gene, regulates soluble sugar accumulation by enhancing the photosynthetic performance and sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Biochemical analysis revealed that a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, MdbHLH3, binds to the MdPFPβ promoter and activates its expression, thus promoting soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruit. In addition, MdPFPβ overexpression in tomato influenced photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in the plant. Furthermore, we determined that MdbHLH3 increases photosynthetic rates and soluble sugar accumulation in apple by activating MdPFPβ expression. Our results thus shed light on the mechanism of soluble sugar accumulation in apple leaves and fruit: MdbHLH3 regulates soluble sugar accumulation by activating MdPFPβ gene expression and coordinating carbohydrate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Meng-Chi Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, China
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10
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Identification, Analysis and Gene Cloning of the SWEET Gene Family Provide Insights into Sugar Transport in Pomegranate ( Punica granatum). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052471. [PMID: 35269614 PMCID: PMC8909982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family regulate the transport of different sugars through the cell membrane and control the distribution of sugars inside and outside the cell. The SWEET gene family also plays important roles in plant growth and development and physiological processes. So far, there are no reports on the SWEET family in pomegranate. Meanwhile, pomegranate is rich in sugar, and three published pomegranate genome sequences provide resources for the study of the SWEET gene family. 20 PgSWEETs from pomegranate and the known Arabidopsis and grape SWEETs were divided into four clades (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) according to the phylogenetic relationships. PgSWEETs of the same clade share similar gene structures, predicting their similar biological functions. RNA-Seq data suggested that PgSWEET genes have a tissue-specific expression pattern. Foliar application of tripotassium phosphate significantly increased the total soluble sugar content of pomegranate fruits and leaves and significantly affected the expression levels of PgSWEETs. The plant growth hormone regulator assay also significantly affected the PgSWEETs expression both in buds of bisexual and functional male flowers. Among them, we selected PgSWEET17a as a candidate gene that plays a role in fructose transport in leaves. The 798 bp CDS sequence of PgSWEET17a was cloned, which encodes 265 amino acids. The subcellular localization of PgSWEET17a showed that it was localized to the cell membrane, indicating its involvement in sugar transport. Transient expression results showed that tobacco fructose content was significantly increased with the up-regulation of PgSWEET17a, while both sucrose and glucose contents were significantly down-regulated. The integration of the PgSWEET phylogenetic tree, gene structure and RNA-Seq data provide a genome-wide trait and expression pattern. Our findings suggest that tripotassium phosphate and plant exogenous hormone treatments could alter PgSWEET expression patterns. These provide a reference for further functional verification and sugar metabolism pathway regulation of PgSWEETs.
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Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Yuan L, Chen G, Tang X, Hou J, Zhu S, Wang C. Morphological characteristics and transcriptome analysis at different anther development stages of the male sterile mutant MS7-2 in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:654. [PMID: 34511073 PMCID: PMC8436512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of male sterile materials is of great significance for the development of plant fertility research. Wucai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen) is a variety of non-heading Chinese cabbage. There are few studies on the male sterility of wucai, and the mechanism of male sterility is not clear. In this study, the male sterile mutant MS7-2 and the wild-type fertile plant MF7-2 were studied. RESULTS Phenotypic characteristics and cytological analysis showed that MS7-2 abortion occurred at the tetrad period. The content of related sugars in the flower buds of MS7-2 was significantly lower than that of MF7-2, and a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accumulated. Through transcriptome sequencing of MS7-2 and MF7-2 flower buds at three different developmental stages (a-c), 2865, 3847, and 4981 differentially expressed genes were identified in MS7-2 at the flower bud development stage, stage c, and stage e, respectively, compared with MF7-2. Many of these genes were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, and most of them were down-regulated in MS7-2. The down-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate and secondary metabolite synthesis as well as the accumulation of ROS in MS7-2 led to pollen abortion in MS7-2. CONCLUSIONS This study helps elucidate the mechanism of anther abortion in wucai, providing a basis for further research on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of male sterility and the screening and cloning of key genes in wucai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yitao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shaoxing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
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12
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Pyrophosphate as an alternative energy currency in plants. Biochem J 2021; 478:1515-1524. [PMID: 33881486 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the conditions of [Mg2+] elevation that occur, in particular, under low oxygen stress and are the consequence of the decrease in [ATP] and increase in [ADP] and [AMP], pyrophosphate (PPi) can function as an alternative energy currency in plant cells. In addition to its production by various metabolic pathways, PPi can be synthesized in the combined reactions of pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) by so-called PK/PPDK substrate cycle, and in the reverse reaction of membrane-bound H+-pyrophosphatase, which uses the energy of electrochemical gradients generated on tonoplast and plasma membrane. The PPi can then be consumed in its active forms of MgPPi and Mg2PPi by PPi-utilizing enzymes, which require an elevated [Mg2+]. This ensures a continuous operation of glycolysis in the conditions of suppressed ATP synthesis, keeping metabolism energy efficient and less dependent on ATP.
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13
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Nasr Esfahani M, Inoue K, Nguyen KH, Chu HD, Watanabe Y, Kanatani A, Burritt DJ, Mochida K, Tran LSP. Phosphate or nitrate imbalance induces stronger molecular responses than combined nutrient deprivation in roots and leaves of chickpea plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:574-597. [PMID: 33145807 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of phosphate (Pi) and/or nitrate (NO3- ) fertilizers on the environment have raised an urgent need to develop crop varieties with higher Pi and/or nitrogen use efficiencies for cultivation in low-fertility soils. Achieving this goal depends upon research that focuses on the identification of genes involved in plant responses to Pi and/or NO3- starvation. Although plant responses to individual deficiency in either Pi (-Pi/+NO3- ) or NO3- (+Pi/-NO3- ) have been separately studied, our understanding of plant responses to combined Pi and NO3- deficiency (-Pi/-NO3- ) is still very limited. Using RNA-sequencing approach, transcriptome changes in the roots and leaves of chickpea cultivated under -Pi/+NO3- , +Pi/-NO3- or -Pi/-NO3- conditions were investigated in a comparative manner. -Pi/-NO3- treatment displayed lesser effect on expression changes of genes related to Pi or NO3- transport, signalling networks, lipid remodelling, nitrogen and Pi scavenging/remobilization/recycling, carbon metabolism and hormone metabolism than -Pi/+NO3- or +Pi/-NO3- treatments. Therefore, the plant response to -Pi/-NO3- is not simply an additive result of plant responses to -Pi/+NO3- and +Pi/-NO3- treatments. Our results indicate that nutrient imbalance is a stronger stimulus for molecular reprogramming than an overall deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asaka Kanatani
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Microalgae Production Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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14
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Kleczkowski LA, Igamberdiev AU. Magnesium Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1159. [PMID: 33503839 PMCID: PMC7865908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free magnesium (Mg2+) is a signal of the adenylate (ATP+ADP+AMP) status in the cells. It results from the equilibrium of adenylate kinase (AK), which uses Mg-chelated and Mg-free adenylates as substrates in both directions of its reaction. The AK-mediated primary control of intracellular [Mg2+] is finely interwoven with the operation of membrane-bound adenylate- and Mg2+-translocators, which in a given compartment control the supply of free adenylates and Mg2+ for the AK-mediated equilibration. As a result, [Mg2+] itself varies both between and within the compartments, depending on their energetic status and environmental clues. Other key nucleotide-utilizing/producing enzymes (e.g., nucleoside diphosphate kinase) may also be involved in fine-tuning of the intracellular [Mg2+]. Changes in [Mg2+] regulate activities of myriads of Mg-utilizing/requiring enzymes, affecting metabolism under both normal and stress conditions, and impacting photosynthetic performance, respiration, phloem loading and other processes. In compartments controlled by AK equilibrium (cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus), the intracellular [Mg2+] can be calculated from total adenylate contents, based on the dependence of the apparent equilibrium constant of AK on [Mg2+]. Magnesium signaling, reflecting cellular adenylate status, is likely widespread in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, due simply to the omnipresent nature of AK and to its involvement in adenylate equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B3X9, Canada;
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15
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Lee SK, Jeon JS. Review: Crucial role of inorganic pyrophosphate in integrating carbon metabolism from sucrose breakdown to starch synthesis in rice endosperm. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110572. [PMID: 32771173 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endosperm is a primary constituent of mature seeds in rice as well as in other cereal crops, serving as the major storage reserve of starch. Observations indicate that the central part of the endosperm is subject to hypoxic conditions, which require a switch of energy metabolism owing to limited mitochondrial respiration. Uniquely, this endosperm generates a large source of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) as a byproduct of the reaction of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase in the cytosol. Recent results derived from examination of the mutants of cereal crops, especially rice, for PPi-utilizing enzymes clearly suggest an important role of PPi as an alternative energy currency for integrating carbon metabolism from sucrose breakdown to starch synthesis in the endosperm. Thus, the present review provides an outline of the interlaced PPi-dependent metabolic pathways, which are critical for starch synthesis in the endosperm in terms of energy metabolism, along with its application to enhance yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
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16
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Bandehagh A, Taylor NL. Can Alternative Metabolic Pathways and Shunts Overcome Salinity Induced Inhibition of Central Carbon Metabolism in Crops? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1072. [PMID: 32849676 PMCID: PMC7417600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The annual cost of lost crop production from exposure to salinity has major impacts on food security in all parts of the world. Salinity stress disturbs energy metabolism and knowledge of the impacts on critical processes controlling plant energy production is key to successfully breeding salt tolerant crops. To date, little progress has been achieved using classic breeding approaches to develop salt tolerance. The hope of some salinity researchers is that through a better understanding of the metabolic responses and adaptation to salinity exposure, new breeding targets can be suggested to help develop salt tolerant crops. Plants sense and react to salinity through a complex system of sensors, receptor systems, transporters, signal transducers, and gene expression regulators in order to control the uptake of salts and to induce tolerant metabolism that jointly leads to changes in growth rate and biomass production. During this response, there must be a balance between supply of energy from mitochondria and chloroplasts and energy demands for water and ion transport, growth, and osmotic adjustment. The photosynthetic response to salinity has been thoroughly researched and generally we see a sharp drop in photosynthesis after exposure to salinity. However, less attention has been given to the effect of salt stress on plant mitochondrial respiration and the metabolic processes that influence respiratory rate. A further complication is the wide range of respiratory responses that have been observed in different plant species, which have included major and minor increases, decreases, and no change in respiratory rate after salt exposure. In this review, we begin by considering physiological and biochemical impacts of salinity on major crop plants. We then summarize and consider recent advances that have characterized changes in abundance of metabolites that are involved in respiratory pathways and their alternative routes and shunts in terms of energy metabolism in crop plants. We will consider the diverse molecular responses of cellular plant metabolism during salinity exposure and suggest how these metabolic responses might aid in salinity tolerance. Finally, we will consider how this commonality and diversity should influence how future research of the salinity responses of crops plants should proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bandehagh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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17
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Gonulalan EM, Nemutlu E, Bayazeid O, Koçak E, Yalçın FN, Demirezer LO. Metabolomics and proteomics profiles of some medicinal plants and correlation with BDNF activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:152920. [PMID: 30979692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of the low abundance of phytochemicals in plant extracts is very difficult. Pharmacological activity observed in such plants is not due to a single compound. In most cases, plant extracts show activity based on synergistic or antagonistic effects. Therefore, the idea of a holistic approach is more rational. PURPOSE This study was planned to compare the metabolomics and proteomics profiles of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae), Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) and Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) used in sedative anxiolytic and sleep disorders. Integrated omics analyses were used to provide a better understanding of the effect of plant extracts on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels on the SH-SY5Y cell line by a holistic approach. METHODS Metabolomic profiling of the plants was performed using the GC-MS and LC-qTOF-MS systems, and the proteomics analysis using the LC-qTOF-MS system after trypsin digestion. The Human BDNF Quantikine ELISA kit was utilized to test BDNF expression activity on the SH-SY5Y cell line. RESULTS The investigated plant extracts showed a significant increase in BDNF expression (p < 0.05). M. officinalis was found as the most active extract. According to the correlation analyses between BDNF activity and metabolomics or proteomics level, 94 metabolites had a positive correlation while 23 metabolites had a highly negative correlation; those for proteins are 24 and 6, respectively. CONCLUSION The multivariate data analysis revealed a similar metabolomics profile of H. perforatum and P. incarnata, which also had a similar activity profile. Remarkably, all the primary metabolites belonging to the Krebs Cycle (citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid and citramalic acid, an analog of malic acid) were positively correlated with BDNF activity. Secondary metabolites with a high BDNF expression belonged to flavonoids, xanthone, coumarines, tannin, naphtalenes, terpenoids and carotenoid skeleton. Two proteins from the cytochrome P450 family (P450 71B11 and P450 94B3) were positively correlated with BDNF activity. Employing omics technologies in the plant research area will offer a better understanding of the role of plant extracts and may lead to the discovery of new compounds with specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem M Gonulalan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Bayazeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Engin Koçak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda N Yalçın
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - L Omur Demirezer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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18
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Fukuda M, Mieda M, Sato R, Kinoshita S, Tomoyama T, Ferjani A, Maeshima M, Segami S. Lack of Vacuolar H + -Pyrophosphatase and Cytosolic Pyrophosphatases Causes Fatal Developmental Defects in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 32528505 PMCID: PMC7266078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytosolic level of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is finely regulated, with PPi hydrolyzed primarily by the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase, VHP1/FUGU5/AVP1) and secondarily by five cytosolic soluble pyrophosphatases (sPPases; PPa1-PPa5) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function mutants of H+-PPase (fugu5s) have been reported to show atrophic phenotypes in their rosette leaves when nitrate is the sole nitrogen source in the culture medium. For this phenotype, two questions remain unanswered: why does atrophy depend on physical contact between shoots and the medium, and how does ammonium prevent such atrophy. To understand the mechanism driving this phenotype, we analyzed the growth and phenotypes of mutants on ammonium-free medium in detail. fugu5-1 showed cuticle defects, cell swelling, reduced β-glucan levels, and vein malformation in the leaves, suggesting cell wall weakening and cell lethality. Based on the observation in the double mutants fugu5-1 ppa1 and fugu5-1 ppa4 of more severe atrophy compared to fugu5-1, the nitrogen-dependent phenotype might be linked to PPi metabolism. To elucidate the role of ammonium in this process, we examined the fluctuations of sPPase mRNA levels and the possibility of alternative PPi-removing factors, such as other types of pyrophosphatase. First, we found that both the protein and mRNA levels of sPPases were unaffected by the nitrogen source. Second, to assess the influence of other PPi-removing factors, we examined the phenotypes of triple knockout mutants of H+-PPase and two sPPases on ammonium-containing medium. Both fugu5 ppa1 ppa2 and fugu5 ppa1 ppa4 had nearly lethal embryonic phenotypes, with the survivors showing striking dwarfism and abnormal morphology. Moreover, fugu5 ppa1+/- ppa4 showed severe atrophy at the leaf margins. The other triple mutants, fugu5 ppa1 ppa5 and fugu5 ppa2 ppa4, exhibited death of root hairs and were nearly sterile due to deformed pistils, respectively, even when grown on standard medium. Together, these results suggest that H+-PPase and sPPases act in concert to maintain PPi homeostasis, that the existence of other PPi removers is unlikely, and that ammonium may suppress the production of PPi during nitrogen metabolism rather than stimulating PPi hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marika Mieda
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomoyama
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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19
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Primo C, Pizzio GA, Yang J, Gaxiola RA, Scholz-Starke J, Hirschi KD. Plant proton pumping pyrophosphatase: the potential for its pyrophosphate synthesis activity to modulate plant growth. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:989-996. [PMID: 31081197 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular pyrophosphate (PPi) homeostasis is vital for normal plant growth and development. Plant proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+ -PPases) are enzymes with different tissue-specific functions related to the regulation of PPi homeostasis. Enhanced expression of plant H+ -PPases increases biomass and yield in different crop species. Here, we emphasise emerging studies utilising heterologous expression in yeast and plant vacuole electrophysiology approaches, as well as phylogenetic relationships and structural analysis, to showcase that the H+ -PPases possess a PPi synthesis function. We postulate this synthase activity contributes to modulating and promoting plant growth both in H+ -PPase-engineered crops and in wild-type plants. We propose a model where the PPi synthase activity of H+ -PPases maintains the PPi pool when cells adopt PPi-dependent glycolysis during high energy demands and/or low oxygen environments. We conclude by proposing experiments to further investigate the H+ -PPase-mediated PPi synthase role in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Primo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G A Pizzio
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - J Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - K D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Mori K, Beauvoit BP, Biais B, Chabane M, Allwood JW, Deborde C, Maucourt M, Goodacre R, Cabasson C, Moing A, Rolin D, Gibon Y. Central Metabolism Is Tuned to the Availability of Oxygen in Developing Melon Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:594. [PMID: 31156666 PMCID: PMC6529934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Respiration of bulky plant organs such as fleshy fruits depends on oxygen (O2) availability and often decreases with O2 concentration to avoid anoxia, but the relationship between O2 diffusional resistance and metabolic adjustments remains unclear. Melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) was used to study relationships between O2 availability and metabolism in fleshy fruits. Enzyme activities, primary metabolites and O2 partial pressure were quantified from the periphery to the inner fruit mesocarp, at three stages of development. Hypoxia was gradually established during fruit development, but there was no strong oxygen gradient between the outer- and the inner mesocarp. These trends were confirmed by a mathematical modeling approach combining O2 diffusion equations and O2 demand estimates of the mesocarp tissue. A multivariate analysis of metabolites, enzyme activities, O2 demand and concentration reveals that metabolite gradients and enzyme capacities observed in melon fruits reflect continuous metabolic adjustments thus ensuring a timely maturation of the mesocarp. The present results suggest that the metabolic adjustments, especially the tuning of the capacity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) to O2-availability that occurs during growth development, contribute to optimizing the O2-demand and avoiding the establishment of an O2 gradient within the flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mori
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Benoît Biais
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Maxime Chabane
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - J. William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Cabasson
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Dominique Rolin
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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21
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Gonulalan EM, Nemutlu E, Demirezer LO. A new perspective on evaluation of medicinal plant biological activities: The correlation between phytomics and matrix metalloproteinases activities of some medicinal plants. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:446-452. [PMID: 30976190 PMCID: PMC6438986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomics or metabolomics is analysis of large-scale primary and secondary metabolites of plant extracts and provides very meaningful data to monitor or evaluate cellular function or systems biology. The activity of plant extracts depends on the synergistic/antagonistic effect of different metabolites rather than single active metabolites. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have an active role in the formation of many diseases. To our knowledge, there is no study on the correlation between the phytomics and MMP inhibitory activity of Achillea millefolium, Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae), Mentha piperita, and Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae), (AAMS). Therefore, this study aimed to correlate the metabolomics profiling of AAMS extracts to identify the metabolites responsible for the MMP inhibitory activity based on phytomics data. The AAMS extracts showed a significant MMP inhibitory effect (57.73–92.73%) at different concentrations (25–500 μg/mL). In order to identify the metabolites responsible for such activities in the extract, the metabolomic profiling of the plants was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After deconvolution and aligning of the chromatograms, 284 metabolites were detected, of which 149 were annotated using retention index libraries. Multivariate analyses results indicated that A. millefolium and A. filipendulina showed similar metabolomic profiles, while M. piperita and S. officinalis differed both from each other and from Achillea species. The correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between metabolomic levels and MMP inhibitory activities, and 96 metabolites had a negative correlation (r ≤ −0.70) and 55 had a highly positive correlation (r ≥ 0.70) with MMP inhibitory activity. This is the first study which revealed that phytomics, plant metabolomics, can be used for activity evaluation and a single metabolite may not be responsible for a specific activity. In conclusion, phytomics can be a more useful tool for the evaluation of the activities than investigating a single metabolite. This new perspective can also provide a better understanding of plant metabolomics and can be easily employed for future research on plant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem-Murat Gonulalan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye-Omur Demirezer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Scholz-Starke J, Primo C, Yang J, Kandel R, Gaxiola RA, Hirschi KD. The flip side of the Arabidopsis type I proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (AVP1): Using a transmembrane H + gradient to synthesize pyrophosphate. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1290-1299. [PMID: 30510138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy partitioning and plant growth are mediated in part by a type I H+-pumping pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase). A canonical role for this transporter has been demonstrated at the tonoplast where it serves a job-sharing role with V-ATPase in vacuolar acidification. Here, we investigated whether the plant H+-PPase from Arabidopsis also functions in "reverse mode" to synthesize PPi using the transmembrane H+ gradient. Using patch-clamp recordings on Arabidopsis vacuoles, we observed inward currents upon Pi application on the cytosolic side. These currents were strongly reduced in vacuoles from two independent H+-PPase mutant lines (vhp1-1 and fugu5-1) lacking the classical PPi-induced outward currents related to H+ pumping, whereas they were significantly larger in vacuoles with engineered heightened expression of the H+-PPase. Current amplitudes related to reverse-mode H+ transport depended on the membrane potential, cytosolic Pi concentration, and magnitude of the pH gradient across the tonoplast. Of note, experiments on vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from yeast expressing the Arabidopsis H+-PPase (AVP1) demonstrated Pi-dependent PPi synthase activity in the presence of a pH gradient. Our work establishes that a plant H+-PPase can operate as a PPi synthase beyond its canonical role in vacuolar acidification and cytosolic PPi scavenging. We propose that the PPi synthase activity of H+-PPase contributes to a cascade of events that energize plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Primo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jian Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Raju Kandel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
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23
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Meng Q, Wang Y, Feng H, Zhou F, Zhou B, Wang C, Zhang R, Zhang Z. A novel glucosamine-linked fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of pyrophosphate in an aqueous medium and live cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glucosamine-linked Cu2+ ensemble has been successfully developed for detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) in aqueous medium and in live MD-AMB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Huan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
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24
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Abstract
The starch-rich endosperms of the Poaceae, which includes wild grasses and their domesticated descendents the cereals, have provided humankind and their livestock with the bulk of their daily calories since the dawn of civilization up to the present day. There are currently unprecedented pressures on global food supplies, largely resulting from population growth, loss of agricultural land that is linked to increased urbanization, and climate change. Since cereal yields essentially underpin world food and feed supply, it is critical that we understand the biological factors contributing to crop yields. In particular, it is important to understand the biochemical pathway that is involved in starch biosynthesis, since this pathway is the major yield determinant in the seeds of six out of the top seven crops grown worldwide. This review outlines the critical stages of growth and development of the endosperm tissue in the Poaceae, including discussion of carbon provision to the growing sink tissue. The main body of the review presents a current view of our understanding of storage starch biosynthesis, which occurs inside the amyloplasts of developing endosperms.
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25
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Fan W, Wang H, Wu Y, Yang N, Yang J, Zhang P. H + -pyrophosphatase IbVP1 promotes efficient iron use in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:698-712. [PMID: 27864852 PMCID: PMC5425394 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies limiting crop production globally, especially in arid regions because of decreased availability of iron in alkaline soils. Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] grows well in arid regions and is tolerant to Fe deficiency. Here, we report that the transcription of type I H+ -pyrophosphatase (H+ -PPase) gene IbVP1 in sweet potato plants was strongly induced by Fe deficiency and auxin in hydroponics, improving Fe acquisition via increased rhizosphere acidification and auxin regulation. When overexpressed, transgenic plants show higher pyrophosphate hydrolysis and plasma membrane H+ -ATPase activity compared with the wild type, leading to increased rhizosphere acidification. The IbVP1-overexpressing plants showed better growth, including enlarged root systems, under Fe-sufficient or Fe-deficient conditions. Increased ferric precipitation and ferric chelate reductase activity in the roots of transgenic lines indicate improved iron uptake, which is also confirmed by increased Fe content and up-regulation of Fe uptake genes, e.g. FRO2, IRT1 and FIT. Carbohydrate metabolism is significantly affected in the transgenic lines, showing increased sugar and starch content associated with the increased expression of AGPase and SUT1 genes and the decrease in β-amylase gene expression. Improved antioxidant capacities were also detected in the transgenic plants, which showed reduced H2 O2 accumulation associated with up-regulated ROS-scavenging activity. Therefore, H+ -PPase plays a key role in the response to Fe deficiency by sweet potato and effectively improves the Fe acquisition by overexpressing IbVP1 in crops cultivated in micronutrient-deficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yinliang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Nan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and ResourcesShanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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26
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Prinsi B, Negri AS, Espen L, Piagnani MC. Proteomic Comparison of Fruit Ripening between 'Hedelfinger' Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) and Its Somaclonal Variant 'HS'. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4171-81. [PMID: 27144542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The somaclonal variant HS, from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) 'Hedelfinger' (H), was previously selected for reduced tree vegetative vigor and lesser canopy density. In this work, we compared H and HS fruits at early unripe (green) and full ripe (dark red) stages by biochemical and proteomic approaches. The main biochemical parameters showed that fruit quality was not affected by somaclonal variation. The proteomic analysis identified 39 proteins differentially accumulated between H and HS fruits at the two ripening stages, embracing enzymes involved in several pathways, such as carbon metabolism, cell wall modification, stress response, and secondary metabolism. The evaluation of fruit phenolic composition by mass spectrometry showed that HS sweet cherries have higher levels of procyanidin, flavonol, and anthocyanin compounds. This work provides the first proteomic characterization of fruit ripening in sweet cherry, revealing new positive traits of the HS somaclonal variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Prinsi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo S Negri
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Espen
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Claudia Piagnani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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27
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Papdi C, Pérez-Salamó I, Joseph MP, Giuntoli B, Bögre L, Koncz C, Szabados L. The low oxygen, oxidative and osmotic stress responses synergistically act through the ethylene response factor VII genes RAP2.12, RAP2.2 and RAP2.3. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:772-84. [PMID: 25847219 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene response factor VII (ERF-VII) transcription factor RELATED TO APETALA2.12 (RAP2.12) was previously identified as an activator of the ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 promoter::luciferase (ADH1-LUC) reporter gene. Here we show that overexpression of RAP2.12 and its homologues RAP2.2 and RAP2.3 sustains ABA-mediated activation of ADH1 and activates hypoxia marker genes under both anoxic and normoxic conditions. Inducible expression of all three RAP2s conferred tolerance to anoxia, oxidative and osmotic stresses, and enhanced the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). Consistently, the rap2.12-2 rap2.3-1 double mutant showed hypersensitivity to both submergence and osmotic stress. These findings suggest that the three ERF-VII-type transcription factors play roles in tolerance to multiple stresses that sequentially occur during and after submergence in Arabidopsis. Oxygen-dependent degradation of RAP2.12 was previously shown to be mediated by the N-end rule pathway. During submergence the RAP2.12, RAP2.2 and RAP2.3 are stabilized and accumulates in the nucleus affecting the transcription of stress response genes. We conclude that the stabilized RAP2 transcription factors can prolong the ABA-mediated activation of a subset of osmotic responsive genes (e.g. ADH1). We also show that RAP2.12 protein level is affected by the REALLY INTERESTING GENE (RING) domain containing SEVEN IN ABSENTIA of Arabidopsis thaliana 2 (SINAT2). Silencing of SINAT1/2 genes leads to enhanced RAP2.12 abundance independently of the presence or absence of its N-terminal degron. Taken together, our results suggest that RAP2.12 and its homologues RAP2.2 and RAP2.3 act redundantly in multiple stress responses. Alternative protein degradation pathways may provide inputs to the RAP2 transcription factors for the distinct stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Papdi
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Imma Pérez-Salamó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Mary Prathiba Joseph
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Csaba Koncz
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl von Linne weg 10., 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - László Szabados
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
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28
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Atwell BJ, Greenway H, Colmer TD. Efficient use of energy in anoxia-tolerant plants with focus on germinating rice seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:36-56. [PMID: 25472708 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anoxia tolerance in plants is distinguished by direction of the sparse supply of energy to processes crucial to cell maintenance and sometimes to growth, as in rice seedlings. In anoxic rice coleoptiles energy is used to synthesise proteins, take up K(+) , synthesise cell walls and lipids, and in cell maintenance. Maintenance of electrochemical H(+) gradients across the tonoplast and plasma membrane is crucial for solute compartmentation and thus survival. These gradients sustain some H(+) -solute cotransport and regulate cytoplasmic pH. Pyrophosphate (PPi ), the alternative energy donor to ATP, allows direction of energy to the vacuolar H(+) -PPi ase, sustaining H(+) gradients across the tonoplast. When energy production is critically low, operation of a biochemical pHstat allows H(+) -solute cotransport across plasma membranes to continue for at least for 18 h. In active (e.g. growing) cells, PPi produced during substantial polymer synthesis allows conversion of PPi to ATP by PPi -phosphofructokinase (PFK). In quiescent cells with little polymer synthesis and associated PPi formation, the PPi required by the vacuolar H(+) -PPi ase and UDPG pyrophosphorylase involved in sucrose mobilisation via sucrose synthase might be produced by conversion of ATP to PPi through reversible glycolytic enzymes, presumably pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase. These hypotheses need testing with species characterised by contrasting anoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Hank Greenway
- School of Plant Biology and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
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29
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Santaniello A, Loreti E, Gonzali S, Novi G, Perata P. A reassessment of the role of sucrose synthase in the hypoxic sucrose-ethanol transition in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2294-302. [PMID: 24810896 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants under low-oxygen availability adapt their metabolism to compensate for the lower ATP production that arises from the limited respiratory activity in mitochondria. Anaerobic glycolysis requires continuous fuelling of carbon units, also provided from sucrose. The anaerobic catabolism of sucrose is thought to require the activity of sucrose synthase, being this enzymatic reaction more energetically favourable than that of invertase. The role of sucrose synthases (SUS) for aerobic sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis has been recently questioned since SUS mutants fail to show altered phenotype or metabolic profile. In the present paper, we analysed the role of SUS1 and SUS4, both induced by low oxygen, in plant survival and ethanol production. The results showed that mutants lacking both SUS were as tolerant to low oxygen as the wild type in most of the experimental conditions tested. Only under conditions of limiting sugar availability the requirement of SUS1 and SUS4 for ethanol production was evident, although partly compensated by invertase activities, as revealed by the use of a double mutant lacking the two major cytosolic invertases. We conclude that, contrary to general belief, the sucrose synthase pathway is not the preferential route for sucrose metabolism under hypoxia.
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30
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Kogawara S, Yamanoshita T, Norisada M, Kojima K. Steady sucrose degradation is a prerequisite for tolerance to root hypoxia. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:229-40. [PMID: 24646690 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of glycolysis and sucrolysis in the difference in tolerance to root hypoxia between two Myrtaceae tree species, Melaleuca cajuputi (which shows superior tolerance to root hypoxia) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (which does not). Analysis of the adenylate energy charge (AEC) in roots subjected to a 4-day hypoxic treatment (HT) in hydroponic culture revealed that the interspecies difference in tolerance corresponds to the ability to maintain energy status under root hypoxia: AEC was reduced by HT in E. camaldulensis, but not in M. cajuputi. The energy status in HT roots of E. camaldulensis was restored by feeding of glucose (Glc) but not sucrose (Suc). These data provide evidence that low substrate availability for glycolysis resulting from an impairment of sucrolysis suppresses ATP production under hypoxic conditions in this species. Measurements of the rates of O2 consumption and CO2 production in roots indicated that E. camaldulensis, but not M. cajuputi, failed to activate fermentation in HT roots. These results cannot be attributed to enzymatic dysfunction, because no inhibition of main glycolytic and fermentative enzymes was observed in both species, and Glc feeding had a beneficial effect on AEC of HT roots of E. camaldulensis. The impairment of sucrolysis was demonstrated by inhibited soluble acid invertase activity in HT roots of E. camaldulensis. In contrast, there was no inhibition in all sucrolytic enzymes tested in HT roots of M. cajuputi, suggesting that steady Suc degradation is essential for maintaining high energy status under root hypoxia. We conclude that root sucrolysis is one of the essential factors that determines the extent of tolerance to root hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kogawara
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Mustroph A, Hess N, Sasidharan R. Hypoxic Energy Metabolism and PPi as an Alternative Energy Currency. LOW-OXYGEN STRESS IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Czarnecki O, Yang J, Weston DJ, Tuskan GA, Chen JG. A dual role of strigolactones in phosphate acquisition and utilization in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7681-701. [PMID: 23612324 PMCID: PMC3645710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, acquired in the form of phosphate (Pi), is one of the primary macronutrients for plants but is least available in the soil. Pi deficiency is a major factor limiting plant growth, development and reproduction. Plants have developed a complex signaling network to respond to Pi deficiency. The recent discovery of strigolactones, a new class of plant hormones, has led to an emerging signaling module illustrating the integrated control of Pi acquisition, plant-microbe symbiotic interactions and plant architecture. This review article focuses on the recent findings of plant responses and roles of strigolactones to Pi deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Czarnecki
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; E-Mails: (O.C.); (J.Y.); (D.J.W.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; E-Mails: (O.C.); (J.Y.); (D.J.W.); (G.A.T.)
| | - David J. Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; E-Mails: (O.C.); (J.Y.); (D.J.W.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; E-Mails: (O.C.); (J.Y.); (D.J.W.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; E-Mails: (O.C.); (J.Y.); (D.J.W.); (G.A.T.)
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Schwender J, Hay JO. Predictive modeling of biomass component tradeoffs in Brassica napus developing oilseeds based on in silico manipulation of storage metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1218-36. [PMID: 22984123 PMCID: PMC3490581 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil content is a key agronomical trait, while the control of carbon allocation into different seed storage compounds is still poorly understood and hard to manipulate. Using bna572, a large-scale model of cellular metabolism in developing embryos of rapeseed (Brassica napus) oilseeds, we present an in silico approach for the analysis of carbon allocation into seed storage products. Optimal metabolic flux states were obtained by flux variability analysis based on minimization of the uptakes of substrates in the natural environment of the embryo. For a typical embryo biomass composition, flux sensitivities to changes in different storage components were derived. Upper and lower flux bounds of each reaction were categorized as oil or protein responsive. Among the most oil-responsive reactions were glycolytic reactions, while reactions related to mitochondrial ATP production were most protein responsive. To assess different biomass compositions, a tradeoff between the fractions of oil and protein was simulated. Based on flux-bound discontinuities and shadow prices along the tradeoff, three main metabolic phases with distinct pathway usage were identified. Transitions between the phases can be related to changing modes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reorganizing the usage of organic carbon and nitrogen sources for protein synthesis and acetyl-coenzyme A for cytosol-localized fatty acid elongation. The phase close to equal oil and protein fractions included an unexpected pathway bypassing α-ketoglutarate-oxidizing steps in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The in vivo relevance of the findings is discussed based on literature on seed storage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Meyer K, Stecca KL, Ewell-Hicks K, Allen SM, Everard JD. Oil and protein accumulation in developing seeds is influenced by the expression of a cytosolic pyrophosphatase in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1221-34. [PMID: 22566496 PMCID: PMC3387706 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.198309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a dominant low-seed-oil mutant (lo15571) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) generated by enhancer tagging. Compositional analysis of developing siliques and mature seeds indicated reduced conversion of photoassimilates to oil. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased levels of At1g01050 protein in developing siliques of lo15571. At1g01050 encodes a soluble, cytosolic pyrophosphatase and is one of five closely related genes that share predicted cytosolic localization and at least 70% amino acid sequence identity. Expression of At1g01050 using a seed-preferred promoter recreated most features of the lo15571 seed phenotype, including low seed oil content and increased levels of transient starch and soluble sugars in developing siliques. Seed-preferred RNA interference-mediated silencing of At1g01050 and At3g53620, a second cytosolic pyrophosphatase gene that shows expression during seed filling, led to a heritable oil increase of 1% to 4%, mostly at the expense of seed storage protein. These results are consistent with a scenario in which the rate of mobilization of sucrose, for precursor supply of seed storage lipid biosynthesis by cytosolic glycolysis, is strongly influenced by the expression of endogenous pyrophosphatase enzymes. This emphasizes the central role of pyrophosphate-dependent reactions supporting cytosolic glycolysis during seed maturation when ATP supply is low, presumably due to hypoxic conditions. This route is the major route providing precursors for seed oil biosynthesis. ATP-dependent reactions at the entry point of glycolysis in the cytosol or plastid cannot fully compensate for the loss of oil content observed in transgenic events with increased expression of cytosolic pyrophosphatase enzyme in the cytosol. These findings shed new light on the dynamic properties of cytosolic pyrophosphate pools in developing seed and their influence on carbon partitioning during seed filling. Finally, our work uniquely demonstrates that genes encoding cytosolic pyrophosphatase enzymes provide novel targets to improve seed composition for plant biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Meyer
- A DuPont Company, Agricultural Biotechnology, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, USA.
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Hernández-Domíguez EE, Valencia-Turcotte LG, Rodríguez-Sotres R. Changes in expression of soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases of Phaseolus vulgaris under phosphate starvation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 187:39-48. [PMID: 22404831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element for all living cells, but its availability is often limiting in the soil. Plants have adapted to such limitation and respond to phosphorus deficiency. The soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) recycle the pyrophosphate produced by many biosynthetic reactions, and may play a role in the plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency. In this work, three PPase mRNAs were identified from the Phaseolus vulgaris EST international database and their sequences were corroborated and completed using 3'RACE. After design and validation of the appropriate oligonucleotide primers, the PPase mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR in leaves, stems, and roots of bean plants grown with 1mM phosphate or under phosphate starvation. The plant tissues were classified according to their position on the plant, and some physiological signs of stress were recorded. qRT-PCR revealed changes in mRNA expression, but not for all isozymes under analysis, and not for all tissues. In addition, changes in the activity of some PPases were observed in zymograms. Our data are consistent with an important role for pyrophosphate in the adaptation of the plant to phosphate starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Hernández-Domíguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico
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Alves M, Moes S, Jenö P, Pinheiro C, Passarinho J, Ricardo C. The analysis of Lupinus albus root proteome revealed cytoskeleton altered features due to long-term boron deficiency. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1351-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Stress conditions (e.g. anoxia) frequently result in a decrease of [ATP] and in an increase of [ADP] and [AMP], with a concomitant increase of [Mg2+] and other cations, e.g. Ca2+. The elevation of [Mg2+] is linked to the shift in the apparent equilibrium of adenylate kinase. As a result, enzymes that use Mg2+ as a cofactor are activated, Ca2+ activates calcium-dependent signalling pathways, and PPi can serve as an alternative energy source in its active form of MgPPi or Mg2PPi. Under anoxic conditions in plants, an important source of PPi may come as a result of combined reactions of PK (pyruvate kinase) and PPDK (pyruvate, phosphate dikinase). The PPi formed in the PPDK/PK cycle ignites glycolysis in conditions of low [ATP] by involving PPi-dependent reactions. This saves ATP and makes metabolism under stress conditions more energy efficient.
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Piattoni CV, Bustos DM, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AÁ. Nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is phosphorylated in wheat endosperm at serine-404 by an SNF1-related protein kinase allosterically inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1337-50. [PMID: 21546456 PMCID: PMC3135918 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.177261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-Ga3PDHase) is a cytosolic unconventional glycolytic enzyme of plant cells regulated by phosphorylation in heterotrophic tissues. After interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, the phosphorylated enzyme becomes less active and more sensitive to regulation by adenylates and inorganic pyrophosphate. Here, we acknowledge that in wheat (Triticum aestivum), np-Ga3PDHase is specifically phosphorylated by the SnRK (SNF1-related) protein kinase family. Interestingly, only the kinase present in heterotrophic tissues (endosperm and shoots, but not in leaves) was found active. The specific SnRK partially purified from endosperm exhibited a requirement for Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) (being Ca(2+) independent), having a molecular mass of approximately 200 kD. The kinase also phosphorylated standard peptides SAMS, AMARA, and SP46, as well as endogenous sucrose synthase, results suggesting that it could be a member of the SnRK1 subfamily. Concurrently, the partially purified wheat SnRK was recognized by antibodies raised against a peptide conserved between SnRK1s from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays) developing seeds. The wheat kinase was allosterically inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate and, to a lesser extent, by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate, while glucose-6-phosphate (the main effector of spinach [Spinacia oleracea] leaves, SnRK1) and trehalose-6-phosphate produced little or no effect. Results support a distinctive allosteric regulation of SnRK1 present in photosynthetic or heterotrophic plant tissues. After in silico analysis, we constructed two np-Ga3PDHase mutants, S404A and S447A, identifying serine-404 as the target of phosphorylation. Results suggest that both np-Ga3PDHase and the specific kinase could be under control, critically affecting the metabolic scenario involving carbohydrates and reducing power partition and storage in heterotrophic plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Álvaro Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Paraje “El Pozo,” S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina (C.V.P., S.A.G., A.A.I.); Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), 7130 Chascomus, Argentina (D.M.B.)
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Plant Proton Pumps: Regulatory Circuits Involving H+-ATPase and H+-PPase. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14369-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Abstract
Potato breeding programmes worldwide are undergoing a period of rapid change. In order to be successful, breeders must adapt and incorporate the newest up-to-date techniques as they become available. Recent advances in biotechnology make it possible to develop and cultivate more and more sophisticated transgenic crops with multiple modified traits. Gene transfer methods can be used for a wide range of fundamental studies, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms of plant/pathogen interactions and the metabolic pathways in plants. Transgenic potato plants are being generated worldwide to investigate the impact of transgene expression on parameters as complex as yield. Historically, potato was one of the first successfully transformed crop plants. Nowadays, transgenic potatoes have been introduced into the food chain of people and animals in several countries. Some of the genetic modifications give potato plants increased resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, while others lead to improved nutritional value, or cause the plants to produce proteins of the immune system of humans or animals or substances that may be used as vaccines in humans or veterinary medicine. The trend today is towards the generation of crops with output traits, e.g. modified starch or carotenoids, or the production of pharmaceuticals in tubers, whereas the early targets were input traits, e.g. herbicide resistance, pest or virus resistance. This review provides a summary of examples illustrating the versatility and applicability of transgenic biology in potato improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Z. Polgar
- 1 University of Pannonia Potato Research Centre, Centre of Agricultural Sciences Keszthely Hungary
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May A, Berger S, Hertel T, Köck M. The Arabidopsis thaliana phosphate starvation responsive gene AtPPsPase1 encodes a novel type of inorganic pyrophosphatase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1810:178-85. [PMID: 21122813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability triggers metabolic responses to maintain the intracellular phosphate homeostasis in plants. One crucial adaptive mechanism is the immediate cleavage of Pi from phosphorylated substrates; however, phosphohydrolases that function in the cytosol and putative substrates have not been characterized yet. One candidate gene is Arabidopsis thaliana At1g73010 encoding an uncharacterized enzyme with homology to the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily. METHODS AND RESULTS This work reports the molecular cloning of At1g73010, its expression in Escherichia coli, and the enzymatic characterisation of the recombinant protein (33.5 kD). The Mg²(+)-dependent enzyme named AtPPsPase1 catalyzes the specific cleavage of pyrophosphate (K(m) 38.8 μM) with an alkaline catalytic pH optimum. Gel filtration revealed a tetrameric structure of the soluble cytoplasmic protein. Modelling of the active site and assay of the recombinant protein variant D19A demonstrated that the enzyme shares the catalytic mechanism of the HAD superfamily including a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate. CONCLUSIONS The tight control of AtPPsPase1 gene expression underlines its important role in the Pi starvation response and suggests that cleavage of pyrophosphate is an immediate metabolic adaptation reaction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel enzyme, the first pyrophosphatase in the HAD superfamily, differs from classical pyrophosphatases with respect to structure and catalytic mechanism. The enzyme function could be used to discover unknown aspects of pyrophosphate metabolism in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett May
- Biocenter of the University, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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George GM, van der Merwe MJ, Nunes-Nesi A, Bauer R, Fernie AR, Kossmann J, Lloyd JR. Virus-induced gene silencing of plastidial soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase impairs essential leaf anabolic pathways and reduces drought stress tolerance in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:55-66. [PMID: 20605913 PMCID: PMC2938153 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.157776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of pyrophosphate in primary metabolism is poorly understood. Here, we report on the transient down-regulation of plastid-targeted soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase in Nicotiana benthamiana source leaves. Physiological and metabolic perturbations were particularly evident in chloroplastic central metabolism, which is reliant on fast and efficient pyrophosphate dissipation. Plants lacking plastidial soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (psPPase) were characterized by increased pyrophosphate levels, decreased starch content, and alterations in chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, while constituents like amino acids (except for histidine, serine, and tryptophan) and soluble sugars and organic acids (except for malate and citrate) remained invariable from the control. Furthermore, translation of Rubisco was significantly affected, as observed for the amounts of the respective subunits as well as total soluble protein content. These changes were concurrent with the fact that plants with reduced psPPase were unable to assimilate carbon to the same extent as the controls. Furthermore, plants with lowered psPPase exposed to mild drought stress showed a moderate wilting phenotype and reduced vitality, which could be correlated to reduced abscisic acid levels limiting stomatal closure. Taken together, the results suggest that plastidial pyrophosphate dissipation through psPPase is indispensable for vital plant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James R. Lloyd
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa (G.M.G., M.J.v.d.M., R.B., J.K., J.R.L.); Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D–14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.N.-N., A.R.F.)
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van der Merwe MJ, Groenewald JH, Stitt M, Kossmann J, Botha FC. Downregulation of pyrophosphate: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity in sugarcane culms enhances sucrose accumulation due to elevated hexose-phosphate levels. PLANTA 2010; 231:595-608. [PMID: 19957089 PMCID: PMC2806535 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of transgenic sugarcane clones with 45-95% reduced cytosolic pyrophosphate: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP, EC 2.7.1.90) activity displayed no visual phenotypical change, but significant changes were evident in in vivo metabolite levels and fluxes during internode development. In three independent transgenic lines, sucrose concentrations increased between three- and sixfold in immature internodes, compared to the levels in the wildtype control. There was an eightfold increase in the hexose-phosphate:triose-phosphate ratio in immature internodes, a significant restriction in the triose phosphate to hexose phosphate cycle and significant increase in sucrose cycling as monitored by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. This suggests that an increase in the hexose-phosphate concentrations resulting from a restriction in the conversion of hexose phosphates to triose phosphates drive sucrose synthesis in the young internodes. These effects became less pronounced as the tissue matured. Decreased expression of PFP also resulted in an increase of the ATP/ADP and UTP/UDP ratios, and an increase of the total uridine nucleotide and, at a later stage, the total adenine nucleotide pool, revealing strong interactions between PPi metabolism and general energy metabolism. Finally, decreased PFP leads to a reduction of PPi levels in older internodes indicating that in these developmental stages PFP acts in the gluconeogenic direction. The lowered PPi levels might also contribute to the absence of increases in sucrose contents in the more mature tissues of transgenic sugarcane with reduced PFP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha J van der Merwe
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Geigenberger P, Riewe D, Fernie AR. The central regulation of plant physiology by adenylates. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2010; 15:98-105. [PMID: 20005151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been many recent developments concerning the metabolic, transport and signalling functions of adenylates in plants, suggesting new roles for these compounds as central regulators of plant physiology. For example, altering the expression levels of enzymes involved in the equilibration, salvaging, synthesis and transport of adenylates leads to perturbations in storage, growth and stress responses, implying a role for adenylates as important signals. Furthermore, sensing of the internal energy status involves SNF1-related kinases, which control the expression and phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes. ATP also acts as an apoplastic signalling molecule to control cell growth and pathogen responses. These new results could shed light on the emerging question of whether energy homeostasis in plant cells differs from mechanisms found in microbes and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Liu Q, Zhang Q, Burton RA, Shirley NJ, Atwell BJ. Expression of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (OVP3) is under control of an anoxia-inducible promoter in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 72:47-60. [PMID: 19763843 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) expression increases in a number of abiotic stresses and is thought to play a role in adaptation to abiotic stresses. This paper reports on the regulation of six V-PPase genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) coleoptiles under anoxia, using flood tolerant and intolerant cultivars to test our hypothesis. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that one vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (OVP3) was induced by anoxia, particularly in flood-tolerant rice. Regulation of OVP3 expression under anoxia was investigated by analysing putative OVP promoters. The putative OVP3 promoter contained more previously identified anoxia-inducible motifs than the putative promoters of the other five OVP genes. GUS activity in transgenic rice plants containing the OVP3 promoter region linked to the GUS reporter gene was induced only by anoxia. Salt and cold treatments had little effect on OVP3 promoter-driven GUS expression when compared to the anoxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxiang Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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46
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Normal growth of Arabidopsis requires cytosolic invertase but not sucrose synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13124-9. [PMID: 19470642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900689106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The entry of carbon from sucrose into cellular metabolism in plants can potentially be catalyzed by either sucrose synthase (SUS) or invertase (INV). These 2 routes have different implications for cellular metabolism in general and for the production of key metabolites, including the cell-wall precursor UDPglucose. To examine the importance of these 2 routes of sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), we generated mutant plants that lack 4 of the 6 isoforms of SUS. These mutants (sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 mutants) lack SUS activity in all cell types except the phloem. Surprisingly, the mutant plants are normal with respect to starch and sugar content, seed weight and lipid content, cellulose content, and cell-wall structure. Plants lacking the remaining 2 isoforms of SUS (sus5/sus6 mutants), which are expressed specifically in the phloem, have reduced amounts of callose in the sieve plates of the sieve elements. To discover whether sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis requires INVs rather than SUSs, we further generated plants deficient in 2 closely related isoforms of neutral INV predicted to be the main cytosolic forms in the root (cinv1/cinv2 mutants). The mutant plants have severely reduced growth rates. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of carbon supply to the nonphotosynthetic cells of plants.
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Grafahrend-Belau E, Schreiber F, Koschützki D, Junker BH. Flux balance analysis of barley seeds: a computational approach to study systemic properties of central metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:585-98. [PMID: 18987214 PMCID: PMC2613719 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.129635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of storage compounds is an important aspect of cereal seed metabolism. Due to the agronomical importance of the storage reserves of starch, protein, and oil, the understanding of storage metabolism is of scientific interest, with practical applications in agronomy and plant breeding. To get insight into storage patterning in developing cereal seed in response to environmental and genetic perturbation, a computational analysis of seed metabolism was performed. A metabolic network of primary metabolism in the developing endosperm of barley (Hordeum vulgare), a model plant for temperate cereals, was constructed that includes 257 biochemical and transport reactions across four different compartments. The model was subjected to flux balance analysis to study grain yield and metabolic flux distributions in response to oxygen depletion and enzyme deletion. In general, the simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the main biochemical properties of barley seed storage metabolism. The predicted growth rate and the active metabolic pathway patterns under anoxic, hypoxic, and aerobic conditions predicted by the model were in accordance with published experimental results. In addition, the model predictions gave insight into the potential role of inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism to maintain seed metabolism under oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Grafahrend-Belau
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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48
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Façanha AR, Okorokova-Façanha AL. ATP synthesis catalyzed by a V-ATPase: an alternative pathway for energy conservation operating in plant vacuoles? PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 14:195-203. [PMID: 23572887 PMCID: PMC3550615 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-008-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical H(+) gradient generated in tonoplast vesicles isolated from maize seeds was found to be able to drive the reversal of the catalytic cycle of both vacuolar H(+)-pumps (Façanha and de Meis, 1998). Here we describe the reversibility of the vacuolar V-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) even in the absence of the H(+) gradient in a water-Me2SO co-solvent mixture, resulting in net synthesis of [γ-(32)P]ATP from [(32)P]Pi and ADP. The water-Me2SO (5 to 20 %) media promoted inhibition of both PPi hydrolysis and synthesis reactions whereas it slightly affected the ATP hydrolysis and clearly stimulated the ATP synthesis, which was unaffected by uncoupling agents (FCCP, Triton X-100 or NH4 (+)). This effect of Me2SO on the ATP⇔(32)P exchange reaction seems to be related to a decrease of the apparent K m of the V-ATPase for Pi. The results are in accordance to the concept that the energetics of ATP synthesis catalysis depends on the solvation energies interacting in the enzyme microenvironment. A possible physiological significance of this phenomenon for the metabolism of desiccation-tolerant plant cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Rocha Façanha
- />Laboratório de Biologia Celular & Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. California, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602 Brazil
| | - Anna Lvovna Okorokova-Façanha
- />Laboratório de Fisiologia & Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. California, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602 Brazil
- />Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. California, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602 Brazil
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Huang S, Colmer TD, Millar AH. Does anoxia tolerance involve altering the energy currency towards PPi? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2008; 13:221-7. [PMID: 18439868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deficit is an important abiotic stress influencing plants, because this condition results in an 'energy crisis'. Most species only survive short periods of anoxia, but several wetland species tolerate prolonged anoxia. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies, using anoxia-tolerant rice and anoxia-intolerant Arabidopsis, have provided evidence for the selective adoption of pyrophosphate (PPi) over ATP as high-energy donor molecules, which may contribute to anoxia tolerance. The use of PPi in some tolerant plant species is similar to that observed in many anaerobic prokaryotes. Investigations are being performed to better understand the origin and regulation of reversible PPi-dependent glycolytic enzymes such as cytosolic pyruvate phosphate dikinase, as well as PPi-consuming enzymes, which are engaged during the anoxic energy crisis. This will be crucial in unraveling this currency switch and its contribution to anoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobai Huang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
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Mustroph A, Sonnewald U, Biemelt S. Characterisation of the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2401-10. [PMID: 17485088 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plants possess two different types of phosphofructokinases, an ATP-dependent (PFK) and a pyrophosphate-dependent form (PFP). While plant PFPs have been investigated in detail, cDNA clones coding for PFK have not been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Searching the A. thaliana genome revealed 11 putative members of a phosphofructokinase gene family. Among those, four sequences showed high homology to the alpha- or beta-subunits of plant PFPs. Seven cDNAs resulted in elevated PFK, but not PFP activity after transient expression in tobacco leaves suggesting that they encode Arabidopsis PFKs. RT-PCR revealed different tissue-specific expression of the individual forms. Furthermore, analysis of GFP fusion proteins indicated their presence in different sub-cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Mustroph
- Humboldt-University Berlin, Institute of Biology, AG Plant Physiology, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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