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Chen ZK, Liu YY, Zhou JC, Chen GH, Liu CF, Qu WM, Huang ZL. Insomnia-related rodent models in drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1777-1792. [PMID: 38671193 PMCID: PMC11335876 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread prevalence and important medical impact of insomnia, effective agents with few side effects are lacking in clinics. This is most likely due to relatively poor understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia, and the lack of appropriate animal models for screening new compounds. As the main homeostatic, circadian, and neurochemical modulations of sleep remain essentially similar between humans and rodents, rodent models are often used to elucidate the mechanisms of insomnia and to develop novel therapeutic targets. In this article, we focus on several rodent models of insomnia induced by stress, diseases, drugs, disruption of the circadian clock, and other means such as genetic manipulation of specific neuronal activity, respectively, which could be used to screen for novel hypnotics. Moreover, important advantages and constraints of some animal models are discussed. Finally, this review highlights that the rodent models of insomnia may play a crucial role in novel drug development to optimize the management of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Miranda MI, Alcalá A. Histamine H3 receptor activation in the insular cortex during taste memory conditioning decreases appetitive response but accelerates aversive memory extinction under an ad libitum liquid regimen. Neuroscience 2024; 559:1-7. [PMID: 39128699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a robust associative learning; liquid deprivation during this conditioning allows researchers to obtain readable measures of associative learning. Recent research suggests that thirst could be a crucial motivator that modulates conditioning and memory extinction processes, highlighting the importance of the body's internal state during learning. Furthermore, the histaminergic system is one of the major modulatory systems controlling several behavioral and neurobiological functions, such as feeding, water intake, and nociception. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the effect of H3 histaminergic receptor activation in the insular cortex (IC) during CTA. For this, we conditioned adult male Wistar rats under two regimens: water deprivation and water ad libitum. A classical CTA protocol was used for water deprivation. Before CTA acquisition, 10 μM R-α-methylhistamine (RAMH), an H3 receptor agonist, was injected into the IC. Results showed that RAMH injections decreased CTA in water-deprived rats without affecting the significant aversion conditioning in rats that were given water ad libitum. Moreover, RAMH accelerated the process of aversive memory extinction under ad libitum water conditions. According to our findings, the degree of liquid satiety differentially affected taste-aversive memory formation, and H3 histamine receptors were more involved under water deprivation conditions during acquisition. However, these receptors modulated the strength of aversive conditioning by altering the rate of aversive memory extinction in the absence of deprivation. In conclusion, histaminergic activity in the IC may influence taste memory dynamics through different mechanisms depending on the degree of liquid satiety or deprivation during conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Isabel Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Alcalá
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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3
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Rae M, Gomes I, Spelta LEW, Bailey A, Marcourakis T, Devi L, Camarini R. Environmental enrichment enhances ethanol preference over social reward in male swiss mice: Involvement of oxytocin-dopamine interactions. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109971. [PMID: 38705568 PMCID: PMC11145911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The impact of environmental enrichment (EE) on natural rewards, including social and appetitive rewards, was investigated in male Swiss mice. EE, known for providing animals with various stimuli, was assessed for its effects on conditioned place preference (CPP) associated with ethanol and social stimuli. We previously demonstrated that EE increased the levels of the prosocial neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in the hypothalamus and enhanced ethanol rewarding effects via an oxytocinergic mechanism. This study also investigated the impact of EE on social dominance and motivation for rewards, measured OT-mediated phospholipase C (PLC) activity in striatal membranes, and assessed OT expression in the hypothalamus. The role of dopamine in motivating rewards was considered, along with the interaction between OT and D1 receptors (DR) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results showed that EE mice exhibited a preference for ethanol reward over social reward, a pattern replicated by the OT analogue Carbetocin. EE mice demonstrated increased social dominance and reduced motivation for appetitive taste stimuli. Higher OT mRNA levels in the hypothalamus were followed by diminished OT receptor (OTR) signaling activity in the striatum of EE mice. Additionally, EE mice displayed elevated D1R expression, which was attenuated by the OTR antagonist (L-368-889). The findings underscore the reinforcing effect of EE on ethanol and social rewards through an oxytocinergic mechanism. Nonetheless, they suggest that mechanisms other than the prosocial effect of EE may contribute to the ethanol pro-rewarding effect of EE and Carbetocin. They also point towards an OT-dopamine interaction potentially underlying some of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Lidia Emmanuela Wiazowski Spelta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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4
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Xu L, Lin W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. The Diverse Network of Brain Histamine in Feeding: Dissect its Functions in a Circuit-Specific Way. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:241-259. [PMID: 36424776 PMCID: PMC10788888 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221117153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding is an intrinsic and important behavior regulated by complex molecular, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms, one of which is the brain histaminergic network. In the past decades, many studies have provided a foundation of knowledge about the relationship between feeding and histamine receptors, which are deemed to have therapeutic potential but are not successful in treating feeding- related diseases. Indeed, the histaminergic circuits underlying feeding are poorly understood and characterized. This review describes current knowledge of histamine in feeding at the receptor level. Further, we provide insight into putative histamine-involved feeding circuits based on the classic feeding circuits. Understanding the histaminergic network in a circuit-specific way may be therapeutically relevant for increasing the drug specificity and precise treatment in feeding-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Zhang T, Nishitani N, Niitani K, Nishida R, Futami Y, Deyama S, Kaneda K. A spatiotemporal increase of neuronal activity accompanies the motivational effect of wheel running in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 432:113981. [PMID: 35777550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal activity underlying the motivational effect of rotating running wheels (RWs) in rodents remain largely undetermined. Here, we investigated changes of neuronal activity among brain regions associated with motivation across different intensities of motivation for RWs in mice. Daily exposure to RWs gradually increased rotation number, then became stable after approximately 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the number of c-Fos (a neuronal activity marker)-positive cells increased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), core and shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (Str), and lateral septum (LS) at day 1, day 9, and days 20-24, in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, despite exposure to locked RWs for over 7 days after establishing stable rotation with 3-week RW access, increased c-Fos expression was still observed in most of these brain areas. Furthermore, daily overnight RW access developed stable rotation by day 6, with high and low rotation numbers at the start and end of the overnight session, respectively. The number of c-Fos-positive cells at the start of RW rotation was significantly higher than at the end of RW rotation in most brain regions. Furthermore, after establishing stable rotation, the number of c-Fos-positive cells increased in the mPFC and shell of the NAc of mice that only observed RWs. These findings suggest that the subareas of the mPFC and NAc may be critically involved in the motivational effects of RW rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Niitani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryoma Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusaku Futami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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6
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Zheng Y, Chen Z. Targeting Histamine and Histamine Receptors for the Precise Regulation of Feeding. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:355-387. [PMID: 34622397 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Histamine has long been accepted as an anorexigenic agent. However, lines of evidence have suggested that the roles of histamine in feeding behaviors are much more complex than previously thought, being involved in satiety, satiation, feeding motivation, feeding circadian rhythm, and taste perception and memory. The functional diversity of histamine makes it a viable target for clinical management of obesity and other feeding-related disorders. Here, we update the current knowledge about the functions of histamine in feeding and summarize the underlying molecular and neural circuit mechanisms. Finally, we review the main clinical studies about the impacts of histamine-related compounds on weight control and discuss insights into future research on the roles of histamine in feeding. Despite the recent progress in histamine research, the histaminergic feeding circuits are poorly understood, and it is also worth verifying the functions of histamine receptors in a more spatiotemporally specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Different Peas in the Same Pod: The Histaminergic Neuronal Heterogeneity. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:303-327. [PMID: 34455575 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The histaminergic neuronal system is recently receiving increasing attention, as much has been learned over the past 25 years about histamine role as a neurotransmitter. Indeed, this amine is crucial in maintaining arousal and provides important contributions to regulate circadian rhythms, energy, endocrine homeostasis, motor behavior, and cognition. The extent to which these distinct physiological functions are operated by independent histamine neuronal subpopulation is unclear. In the rat brain histamine neuronal cell bodies are grouped within the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus in five clusters, E1-E5, each sending overlapping axons throughout the entire central nervous system with no strict topographical pattern. These features lead to the concept that histamine regulation of a wide range of functions in the central nervous system is achieved by the histaminergic neuronal system as a whole. However, increasing experimental evidence suggesting that the histaminergic system is organized into distinct pathways modulated by selective mechanisms challenges this view. In this review, we summarized experimental evidence supporting the heterogeneity of histamine neurons, and their organization in functionally distinct circuits impinging on separate brain regions and displaying selective control mechanisms. This implies independent functions of subsets of histaminergic neurons according to their respective origin and terminal projections with relevant consequences for the development of specific compounds that affect only subsets of histamine neurons, thus increasing the target specificity.
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Nomura H, Shimizume R, Ikegaya Y. Histamine: A Key Neuromodulator of Memory Consolidation and Retrieval. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:329-353. [PMID: 34435342 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In pharmacological studies conducted on animals over the last four decades, histamine was determined to be a strong modulator of learning and memory. Activation of histamine signaling enhances memory consolidation and retrieval. Even long after learning and forgetting, it can still restore the retrieval of forgotten memories. These findings based on animal studies led to human clinical trials with histamine H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists, which revealed their positive effects on learning and memory. Therefore, histamine signaling is a promising therapeutic target for improving cognitive impairments in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. While the memory-modulatory effects of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists have been confirmed by several research groups, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes how the activation and inhibition of histamine signaling influence memory processes, introduces the cellular and circuit mechanisms, and discusses the relationship between the human histaminergic system and learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomura
- Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Rintaro Shimizume
- Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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A Duet Between Histamine and Oleoylethanolamide in the Control of Homeostatic and Cognitive Processes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:389-410. [PMID: 34410679 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In ballet, a pas de deux (in French it means "step of two") is a duet in which the two dancers perform ballet steps together. The suite of dances shares a common theme of partnership. How could we better describe the fine interplay between oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and histamine, two phylogenetically ancient molecules controlling metabolic, homeostatic and cognitive processes? Contrary to the pas de deux though, the two dancers presumably never embrace each other as a dancing pair but execute their "virtuoso solo" constantly exchanging interoceptive messages presumably via vagal afferents, the blood stream, the neuroenteric system. With one exception, which is in the control of liver ketogenesis, as in hepatocytes, OEA biosynthesis strictly depends on the activation of histaminergic H1 receptors. In this review, we recapitulate our main findings that evidence the interplay of histamine and OEA in the control of food consumption and eating behaviour, in the consolidation of emotional memory and mood, and finally, in the synthesis of ketone bodies. We will also summarise some of the putative underlying mechanisms for each scenario.
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10
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Espitia-Bautista E, Escobar C. Fat rather than sugar diet leads to binge-type eating, anticipation, effort behavior and activation of the corticolimbic system. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:508-519. [PMID: 31419190 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1651104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: One factor contributing to the development of obesity is overeating palatable food. The palatability of food is driven by specific energy yielding combinations and flavor profiles that may contribute to its overconsumption. In rodents, restricted access to palatable food (PF) is a strong stimulus to trigger binge-type eating behavior (BTE), food anticipatory activity (FAA), effort behaviors and withdrawal symptoms. This is accompanied by plastic changes in corticolimbic areas associated with motivation and reward responses. Palatable food contains mainly a mixture of fat and sugar, thus, the contribution of each macronutrient for the behavioral and neuronal changes is unclear.Methods: In this study, Wistar rats were exposed to restricted access to 50% fat rich diet (FRD) or 50% sugar rich diet (SRD) in order to compare the intensity of BTE, FAA, effort behaviors and withdrawal responses.Results: In corticolimbic areas, c-Fos activation and ΔFosB accumulation were evaluated. After an acute exposition, rats ate more SRD than FRD, but FDR stimulated higher c-Fos. After chronic administration, the FDR group exhibited higher levels of BTE and FAA; this was associated with higher c-Fos and accumulation of ΔFosB in the corticolimbic system. Similar effects in the FRD group were observed after one week of withdrawal.Discussion: Present data indicate that the fat rich diet is a stronger stimulus than the sugar rich diet for the development of wanting behavior for reward and the underlying plastic changes in the corticolimbic system. The differential effects may be due to the differing caloric density of the diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
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Rani B, Santangelo A, Romano A, Koczwara JB, Friuli M, Provensi G, Blandina P, Casarrubea M, Gaetani S, Passani MB, Costa A. Brain histamine and oleoylethanolamide restore behavioral deficits induced by chronic social defeat stress in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100317. [PMID: 33869681 PMCID: PMC8039856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms underlying the complex interplay between life stressors and metabolic factors is receiving growing interest and is being analyzed as one of the many factors contributing to depressive illness. The brain histaminergic system modulates neuronal activity extensively and we demonstrated that its integrity is necessary for peripheral signals such as the bioactive lipid mediator oleoylethanolamide (OEA) to exert its central actions. Here, we investigated the role of brain histamine and its interaction with OEA in response to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a preclinical protocol widely used to study physio-pathological mechanisms underlying symptoms observed in depression. Both histidine decarboxylase null (HDC-/-) and HDC+/+ mice were subjected to CSDS for 21 days and treated with either OEA or vehicle daily, starting 10 days after CSDS initiation, until sacrifice. Undisturbed mice served as controls. To test the hypothesis of a histamine-OEA interplay on behavioral responses affected by chronic stress, tests encompassing the social, ethological and memory domains were used. CSDS caused cognitive and social behavior impairments in both genotypes, however, only stressed HDC+/+ mice responded to the beneficial effects of OEA. To detect subtle behavioral features, an advanced multivariate approach known as T-pattern analysis was used. It revealed unexpected differences of the organization of behavioral sequences during mice social interaction between the two genotypes. These data confirm the centrality of the neurotransmitter histamine as a modulator of complex behavioral responses and directly implicate OEA as a protective agent against social stress consequences in a histamine dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze (I), Italy
| | - Andrea Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze (I), Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia 'V. Erspamer', Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Justyna Barbara Koczwara
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia 'V. Erspamer', Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia 'V. Erspamer', Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del bambino (Neurofarba) Università di Firenze Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze Italy
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del bambino (Neurofarba) Università di Firenze Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarrubea
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "Giuseppe Pagano", Università degli Studi di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia 'V. Erspamer', Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze (I), Italy
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Michael NJ, Zigman JM, Williams KW, Elmquist JK. Electrophysiological Properties of Genetically Identified Histaminergic Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 444:183-195. [PMID: 32599122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) are important regulators of behavioral and homeostatic processes. Previous work suggested that histaminergic neurons exhibit a characteristic electrophysiological signature, allowing for their identification in brain slice preparations. However, these previous investigations focused on neurons in the ventral subregion of the TMN of rats. Consequently, it remains unclear whether such electrophysiological properties extend to mice, including other subregions of the TMN, and the potential for differences between males and females. To further characterize the electrophysiological properties of histaminergic neurons, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-expressing cells; the sole enzyme for histamine synthesis (Hdc-cre::tdTomato). Despite similarities with the electrophysiological properties reported in rats, we observed considerable variability in mouse HDC neuron passive membrane properties, action potential firing, and intrinsic subthreshold active membrane properties. Overall, the electrophysiological properties of HDC neurons appeared similar across subregions of the TMN, consistent with a lack of topographical organization in this nucleus. Moreover, we found no obvious sex differences in the electrical excitability of HDC neurons. However, our data reveal a diversity in the electrophysiological properties of genetically identified histaminergic neurons from mice not previously appreciated from rat studies. Thus, these data highlight the utility of mouse genetics to target the widespread histaminergic neuronal population within the TMN and support the idea that histaminergic neurons are a heterogeneous neuronal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Michael
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States.
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States; Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States.
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13
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Provensi G, Passani MB, Costa A, Izquierdo I, Blandina P. Neuronal histamine and the memory of emotionally salient events. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:557-569. [PMID: 30110713 PMCID: PMC7012950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the experimental paradigms used in preclinical studies to unravel the histaminergic brain circuits that modulate the formation and retrieval of memories associated with aversive events. Emotionally arousing events, especially bad ones, are remembered more accurately, clearly and for longer periods of time than neutral ones. Maladaptive elaborations of these memories may eventually constitute the basis of psychiatric disorders such as generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. A better understanding of the role of the histaminergic system in learning and memory has not only a theoretical significance but also a translational value. Ligands of histamine receptors are among the most used drugs worldwide; hence, understanding the impact of these compounds on learning and memory may help improve their pharmacological profile and unravel unexplored therapeutic applications. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del BambinoUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della SaluteUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeFlorenceItaly
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do SulPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT)National Research Council of BrazilBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del BambinoUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeFlorenceItaly
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14
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c-Fos expression in the ascending arousal system induced by physical exercise in rats: Implication for memory performance. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146376. [PMID: 31408622 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During exercise, multiple sensory information such as visual outflow, proprioception, and vestibular information promote an increase in arousal state, which may convey positive effects on cognitive abilities such as memory. Nevertheless, which of the components of the ascending arousal system (AAS) are engaged during physical activity and which of them are critical for cognitive enhancement, induced by exercise is still unclear. Two experiments were conducted, to answer these questions: in the first one, the neuronal activity of different components of the AAS was evaluated by c-Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) in running rats exposed to a lock or unlock running wheel. We found a specific Fos-ir increase in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) associated with physical exercise. In the second experiment sedentary and exercised rats were challenged to conduct an object recognition memory task, and the activity of the AAS after learning was evaluated by c-Fos immunoreactivity. The exercised group showed a higher performance in the object recognition memory task which gets correlated with an increase on Fos-ir in the TMN, but not with the other components of the AAS, suggesting that the increase on TMN activity induced by exercise may be the foremost contributor of the AAS to memory enhancement observed in exercised animals.
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15
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Riveros ME, Forray MI, Torrealba F, Valdés JL. Effort Displayed During Appetitive Phase of Feeding Behavior Requires Infralimbic Cortex Activity and Histamine H1 Receptor Signaling. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:577. [PMID: 31316329 PMCID: PMC6611215 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The chances to succeed in goal-directed behaviors, such as food or water-seeking, improve when the subject is in an increased arousal state. The appetitive phase of these motivated behaviors is characterized by high levels of behavioral and vegetative excitation. The key decision of engaging in those particular behaviors depends primarily on prefrontal cortical areas, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. We propose that the infralimbic cortex (ILC) located in the medial prefrontal cortex induces an increase in arousal during the appetitive phase of motivated behavior, and that this increase in arousal is, in turn, mediated by the activation of the brain histaminergic system, resulting in higher motivation for getting food rewards. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a progressive ratio operant conditioning to test the degree of motivation for food, while simultaneously manipulating the histaminergic system through pharmacologic interventions. We found that the behavioral responses to obtain food in hungry rats were disrupted when the ILC was inhibited through muscimol infusion, blocking brain H1 histamine receptors by intracerebroventricular infusion of pyrilamine or by satiety. In contrast, the consummatory behavior was not affected by ILC inhibition. The extracellular histamine levels in the ILC were increased in direct correlation with the degree of motivation measured in the progressive ratio test. ILC inhibition also prevented this increase in histamine levels. The rise in extracellular histamine levels during the progressive ratio test was similar (ca. 200%) during the active or the resting period of the day. However, different basal levels are observed for these two periods. Our findings suggest that increased histamine levels during this behavior are not simply explained by the awaked state, but instead, there is a motivation-related release of histamine, suggestive of a specific form of brain activation. Serotonin (another critical component of the ascending arousal system) was also tested. Interestingly, changes in levels of this neuromodulator were not detected during the progressive ratio test. In conclusion, our results suggest that ILC activation and subsequent increase in brain histamine release are both necessary for the normal performance of a motivated behavior such as feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Riveros
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Fisiología Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Ines Forray
- Departamento de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Torrealba
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Valdés
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Yu X, Ma Y, Harding EC, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Franks NP, Wisden W. Genetic lesioning of histamine neurons increases sleep-wake fragmentation and reveals their contribution to modafinil-induced wakefulness. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz031. [PMID: 30722053 PMCID: PMC6519916 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute chemogenetic inhibition of histamine (HA) neurons in adult mice induced nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with an increased delta power. By contrast, selective genetic lesioning of HA neurons with caspase in adult mice exhibited a normal sleep-wake cycle overall, except at the diurnal start of the lights-off period, when they remained sleepier. The amount of time spent in NREM sleep and in the wake state in mice with lesioned HA neurons was unchanged over 24 hr, but the sleep-wake cycle was more fragmented. Both the delayed increase in wakefulness at the start of the night and the sleep-wake fragmentation are similar phenotypes to histidine decarboxylase knockout mice, which cannot synthesize HA. Chronic loss of HA neurons did not affect sleep homeostasis after sleep deprivation. However, the chronic loss of HA neurons or chemogenetic inhibition of HA neurons did notably reduce the ability of the wake-promoting compound modafinil to sustain wakefulness. Thus, part of modafinil's wake-promoting actions arise through the HA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, UK
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, UK
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17
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Wen S, Wang C, Gong M, Zhou L. An overview of energy and metabolic regulation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:771-790. [PMID: 30367342 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The physiology and behaviors related to energy balance are monitored by the nervous and humoral systems. Because of the difficulty in treating diabetes and obesity, elucidating the energy balance mechanism and identifying critical targets for treatment are important research goals. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe energy regulation by the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral humoral pathway. Homeostasis and rewarding are the basis of CNS regulation. Anorexigenic or orexigenic effects reflect the activities of the POMC/CART or NPY/AgRP neurons within the hypothalamus. Neurotransmitters have roles in food intake, and responsive brain nuclei have different functions related to food intake, glucose monitoring, reward processing. Peripheral gut- or adipose-derived hormones are the major source of peripheral humoral regulation systems. Nutrients or metabolites and gut microbiota affect metabolism via a discrete pathway. We also review the role of peripheral organs, the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in peripheral regulation. We discuss these topics and how the body regulates metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chaoxun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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18
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Provensi G, Costa A, Izquierdo I, Blandina P, Passani MB. Brain histamine modulates recognition memory: possible implications in major cognitive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 177:539-556. [PMID: 30129226 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several behavioural tests have been developed to study and measure emotionally charged or emotionally neutral memories and how these may be affected by pharmacological, dietary or environmental manipulations. In this review, we describe the experimental paradigms used in preclinical studies to unravel the brain circuits involved in the recognition and memorization of environmentally salient stimuli devoid of strong emotional value. In particular, we focus on the modulatory role of the brain histaminergic system in the elaboration of recognition memory that is based on the judgement of the prior occurrence of an event, and it is believed to be a critical component of human declarative memory. The review also addresses questions that may help improve the treatment of impaired declarative memory described in several affective and neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD, Alzheimer's disease and major neurocognitive disorder. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Sihag J, Jones PJH. Oleoylethanolamide: The role of a bioactive lipid amide in modulating eating behaviour. Obes Rev 2018; 19:178-197. [PMID: 29124885 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid ethanolamides are lipid mediators that regulate a plethora of physiological functions. One such bioactive lipid mediator, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), is a potent agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), which modulates increased expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 that enables the regulation of feeding behaviour. Consumption of dietary fat rich in oleic acid activates taste receptors in the gut activating specific enzymes that lead to the formation of OEA. OEA further combines with PPAR-α to enable fat oxidation in the liver, resulting in enhanced energy production. Evidence suggests that sustained ingestion of a high-fat diet abolishes the anorexic signal of OEA. Additionally, malfunction of the enterocyte that transforms oleic acid produced during fat digestion into OEA might be responsible for reduced satiety and hyperphagia, resulting in overweight and obesity. Thus, OEA anorectic signalling may be an essential element of the physiology and metabolic system regulating dietary fat intake and obesity. The evidence reviewed in this article indicates that intake of oleic acid, and thereby the resulting OEA imparting anorexic properties, is dependent on CD36, PPAR-α, enterocyte fat sensory receptors, histamine, oxytocin and dopamine; leading to increased fat oxidation and enhanced energy expenditure to induce satiety and increase feeding latency; and that a disruption in any of these systems will cease/curb fat-induced satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - P J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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20
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Lkhagvasuren B, Oka T. The histaminergic system is involved in psychological stress-induced hyperthermia in rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/8/e13204. [PMID: 28438982 PMCID: PMC5408279 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The histaminergic system modulates numerous physiological functions such as wakefulness, circadian rhythm, feeding, and thermoregulation. However, it is not yet known if this system is also involved in psychological stress-induced hyperthermia (PSH) and, if so, which histamine (H) receptor subtype mediates the effect. Therefore, we investigated the effects of pretreatments with intraperitoneal injections of mepyramine (an H1 receptor inverse agonist), cimetidine (an H2 receptor antagonist), and ciproxifan (an H3 receptor inverse agonist) on cage-exchange stress-induced hyperthermia (a model of PSH) by monitoring core body temperature (Tc) during both light (10:00 am-12:00 pm) and dark (10:00 pm-12:00 am) phases in conscious, freely moving rats. We also investigated the effects of these drugs on stress-induced changes in locomotor activity (La) to rule out the possibility that effects on Tc are achieved secondary to altered La Cage-exchange stress increased Tc within 20 min followed by a gradual decrease back to baseline Tc during both phases. In the light phase, mepyramine and cimetidine markedly attenuated PSH, whereas ciproxifan did not affect it. In contrast, in the dark phase, mepyramine dropped Tc by 1°C without affecting cage-exchange stress-induced hyperthermia, whereas cimetidine and ciproxifan did not affect both postinjection Tc and PSH Cage-exchange stress induced an increase in La, especially in the light phase, but none of these drugs altered cage-exchange stress-induced La in either circadian rhythm phase. These results suggest that the histaminergic system is involved in the physiological mechanisms underlying PSH, particularly through H1 and H2 receptors, without influencing locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,The Neuroscience Cluster, Science and Technology Center, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Takakazu Oka
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Shikano K, Bessho Y, Kato M, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Taniuchi S, Furumitsu M, Tachibana T, Bentley GE, Kriegsfeld LJ, Ukena K. Localization and function of neurosecretory protein GM, a novel small secretory protein, in the chicken hypothalamus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:704. [PMID: 29335496 PMCID: PMC5768754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we discovered a novel cDNA encoding the precursor of a small secretory protein, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), in the hypothalamic infundibulum of chickens. NPGL plays an important role in the regulation of growth and feeding. A database search indicated that the NPGL gene has a paralogous gene: neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), also in chickens. We identified cDNA encoding the NPGM precursor in chickens. Morphological analysis showed that NPGM-containing cells are specifically localized in the medial mammillary nucleus (MM) and infundibular nucleus (IN) in the hypothalamus. In addition, we found that NPGM and NPGL are co-localized, especially in the MM. The expression levels of NPGM mRNA gradually decreased during post-hatch development, in contrast to those of NPGL mRNA. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between NPGM and other known factors. NPGM was found to be produced in histaminergic neurons in the MM. NPGM and histidine decarboxylase, a histamine-producing enzyme, displayed similar expression patterns during post-hatch development. Acute intracerebroventricular injection of NPGM decreased food intake, similar to the effect of histamine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the localization and function of NPGM in the brain of vertebrates. These results will further advance the understanding mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Shikano
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Bessho
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.,Department of Integrative Biology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Shusuke Taniuchi
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tachibana
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - George E Bentley
- Department of Integrative Biology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan. .,Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Stress affects core body temperature (Tc). Many kinds of stress induce transient, monophasic hyperthermia, which diminishes gradually if the stressor is terminated. Stronger stressors produce a longer-lasting effect. Repeated/chronic stress induces anticipatory hyperthermia, reduces diurnal changes in Tc, or slightly increases Tc throughout the day. Animals that are exposed to chronic stress or a cold environment exhibit an enhanced hyperthermic response to a novel stress. These changes persist for several days after cessation of stress exposure. In contrast, long-lasting inescapable stress sometimes induces hypothermia. In healthy humans, psychologic stress induces slight increases in Tc, which are within the normal range of Tc or just above it. Some individuals, however, develop extremely high Tc (up to 41°C) when they are exposed to emotional events or show persistent low-grade high Tc (37-38°C) during or after chronic stress situations. In addition to the nature of the stressor itself, such stress-induced thermal responses are modulated by sex, age, ambient temperature, cage mates, past stressful experiences and cold exposure, and coping. Stress-induced hyperthermia is driven by mechanisms distinct from infectious fever, which requires inflammatory mediators. However, both stress and infection activate the dorsomedial hypothalamus-rostral medullary raphe region-sympathetic nerve axis to increase Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Oka
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi-ken, Japan.
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23
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The rostromedial zona incerta is involved in attentional processes while adjacent LHA responds to arousal: c-Fos and anatomical evidence. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2507-2525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Blessing WW, Blessing EM, Mohammed M, Ootsuka Y. Clozapine, chlorpromazine and risperidone dose-dependently reduce emotional hyperthermia, a biological marker of salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3259-3269. [PMID: 28812124 PMCID: PMC5660844 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We recently introduced a new rat model of emotional hyperthermia in which a salient stimulus activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and tail artery constriction. Antipsychotic drugs, both classical and second generation, act to reduce excessive assignment of salience to objects and events in the external environment. The close association between salient occurrences and increases in body temperature suggests that antipsychotic drugs may also reduce emotional hyperthermia. OBJECTIVES We determined whether chlorpromazine, clozapine, and risperidone dose dependently reduce emotionally elicited increases in BAT thermogenesis, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and body temperature in rats. METHODS Rats, chronically instrumented for measurement of BAT and body temperature and tail artery blood flow, singly housed, were confronted with an intruder rat (confined within a small wire-mesh cage) after systemic pre-treatment of the resident rat with vehicle or antipsychotic agent. BAT and body temperatures, tail blood flow, and behavioral activity were continuously measured. RESULTS Clozapine (30 μg-2 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (0.1-5 mg/kg), and risperidone (6.25 μg-1 mg/kg) robustly and dose-relatedly reduced intruder-elicited BAT thermogenesis and tail artery vasoconstriction, with consequent dose-related reduction in emotional hyperthermia. CONCLUSIONS Chlorpromazine, a first-generation antipsychotic, as well as clozapine and risperidone, second-generation agents, dose-dependently reduce emotional hyperthermia. Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist properties of chlorpromazine do not contribute to thermoregulatory effects. Interactions with monoamine receptors are important, and these monoamine receptor interactions may also contribute to the therapeutic effects of all three antipsychotics. Thermoregulatory actions of putative antipsychotic agents may constitute a biological marker of their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Blessing
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Esther M Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mazher Mohammed
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Youichirou Ootsuka
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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25
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Bojanowska E, Ciosek J. Can We Selectively Reduce Appetite for Energy-Dense Foods? An Overview of Pharmacological Strategies for Modification of Food Preference Behavior. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:118-42. [PMID: 26549651 PMCID: PMC4825944 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151109103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of food, especially palatable and energy-dense carbohydrates and fats, is
largely responsible for the growing incidence of obesity worldwide. Although there are a number of
candidate antiobesity drugs, only a few of them have been proven able to inhibit appetite for palatable
foods without the concurrent reduction in regular food consumption. In this review, we discuss the
interrelationships between homeostatic and hedonic food intake control mechanisms in promoting
overeating with palatable foods and assess the potential usefulness of systemically administered pharmaceuticals that
impinge on the endogenous cannabinoid, opioid, aminergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic systems in the modification of
food preference behavior. Also, certain dietary supplements with the potency to reduce specifically palatable food intake
are presented. Based on human and animal studies, we indicate the most promising therapies and agents that influence the
effectiveness of appetite-modifying drugs. It should be stressed, however, that most of the data included in our review
come from preclinical studies; therefore, further investigations aimed at confirming the effectiveness and safety of the
aforementioned medications in the treatment of obese humans are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bojanowska
- Department of Behavioral Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, 60 Narutowicza Street, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
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26
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Santangelo A, Provensi G, Costa A, Blandina P, Ricca V, Crescimanno G, Casarrubea M, Passani MB. Brain histamine depletion enhances the behavioural sequences complexity of mice tested in the open-field: Partial reversal effect of the dopamine D2/D3 antagonist sulpiride. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:533-542. [PMID: 27833003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Markers of histaminergic dysregulation were found in several neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by repetitive behaviours, thoughts and stereotypies. We analysed the effect of acute histamine depletion by means of i. c.v. injections of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a blocker of histidine decarboxylase, on the temporal organization of motor sequences of CD1 mice behaviour in the open-field test. An ethogram encompassing 9 behavioural components was employed. Durations and frequencies were only slightly affected by treatments. However, as revealed by multivariate t-pattern analysis, histamine depletion was associated with a striking increase in the number of behavioural patterns. We found 42 patterns of different composition occurring, on average, 520.90 ± 50.23 times per mouse in the histamine depleted (HD) group, whereas controls showed 12 different patterns occurring on average 223.30 ± 20.64 times. Exploratory and grooming behaviours clustered separately, and the increased pattern complexity involved exclusively exploratory patterns. To test the hypothesis of a histamine-dopamine interplay on behavioural pattern phenotype, non-sedative doses of the D2/D3 antagonist sulpiride (12.5-25-50 mg/kg) were additionally administered to different groups of HD mice. Sulpiride counterbalanced the enhancement of exploratory patterns of different composition, but it did not affect the mean number of patterns at none of the doses used. Our results provide new insights on the role of histamine on repetitive behavioural sequences of freely moving mice. Histamine deficiency is correlated with a general enhancement of pattern complexity. This study supports a putative involvement of histamine in the pathophysiology of tics and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy; S.O.D. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy; S.O.D. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crescimanno
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarrubea
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Beatrice Passani
- Maria Beatrice Passani Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
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The effects of unilateral lesion of the tuberomammillary nucleus E2 sub-region on nocturnal feeding and related behaviors in mice. Life Sci 2016; 162:70-6. [PMID: 27515503 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bilateral lesions of the mesencephalic trigeminal sensory nucleus (Me5), which receives histaminergic neurons from the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), alter nocturnal feeding and related behaviors in mice, concomitant with a decrease in orexin mRNA level in the perifornical area (PFA) during the dark phase. Therefore, we investigated the neuronal input to the TMN from the Me5, as well as the effects of TMN lesions on the circadian profiles of feeding and related behaviors. MAIN METHODS We examined the presence of neurons projecting from the Me5 to the TMN by direct injection of a retrograde tracer, Fluorogold, into the TMN E2 sub-region (TMN-E2). We also assessed feeding, drinking, and locomotion for 24h using an automated feeding behavior measurement apparatus, and analyzed the hypothalamic orexin mRNA levels in both TMN-lesion and sham-operated mice. KEY FINDINGS The presence of neuronal projections from the Me5 to the TMN-E2 was confirmed. A decrease in food and water intake and locomotion during the latter half of the dark phase was delayed in TMN-lesion but not sham-operation mice. Further, orexin mRNA expression levels were higher in both the PFA and lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in TMN-E2-lesion mice relative to control mice, during the early half of the dark phase compared with the light phase. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that histaminergic neurons in the TMN-E2 receive signals from the Me5 that modulate a switch from dark to light phase feeding and related behaviors, which in turn may be regulated by orexin neurons in the PFA and/or LHA.
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Locus Coeruleus and Tuberomammillary Nuclei Ablations Attenuate Hypocretin/Orexin Antagonist-Mediated REM Sleep. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0018-16. [PMID: 27022631 PMCID: PMC4801942 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0018-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocretin 1 and 2 (Hcrts; also known as orexin A and B), excitatory neuropeptides synthesized in cells located in the tuberal hypothalamus, play a central role in the control of arousal. Hcrt inputs to the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC NE) system and the posterior hypothalamic histaminergic tuberomammillary nuclei (TMN HA) are important efferent pathways for Hcrt-induced wakefulness. The LC expresses Hcrt receptor 1 (HcrtR1), whereas HcrtR2 is found in the TMN. Although the dual Hcrt/orexin receptor antagonist almorexant (ALM) decreases wakefulness and increases NREM and REM sleep time, the neural circuitry that mediates these effects is currently unknown. To test the hypothesis that ALM induces sleep by selectively disfacilitating subcortical wake-promoting populations, we ablated LC NE neurons (LCx) or TMN HA neurons (TMNx) in rats using cell-type-specific saporin conjugates and evaluated sleep/wake following treatment with ALM and the GABAA receptor modulator zolpidem (ZOL). Both LCx and TMNx attenuated the promotion of REM sleep by ALM without affecting ALM-mediated increases in NREM sleep. Thus, eliminating either HcrtR1 signaling in the LC or HcrtR2 signaling in the TMN yields similar effects on ALM-induced REM sleep without affecting NREM sleep time. In contrast, neither lesion altered ZOL efficacy on any measure of sleep–wake regulation. These results contrast with those of a previous study in which ablation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons attenuated ALM-induced increases in NREM sleep time without affecting REM sleep, indicating that Hcrt neurotransmission influences distinct aspects of NREM and REM sleep at different locations in the sleep–wake regulatory network.
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Contreras M, Riveros ME, Quispe M, Sánchez C, Perdomo G, Torrealba F, Valdés JL. The Histaminergic Tuberomamillary Nucleus Is Involved in Appetite for Sex, Water and Amphetamine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148484. [PMID: 26845170 PMCID: PMC4743640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The histaminergic system is one component of the ascending arousal system which is involved in wakefulness, neuroendocrine control, cognition, psychiatric disorders and motivation. During the appetitive phase of motivated behaviors the arousal state rises to an optimal level, thus giving proper intensity to the behavior. Previous studies have demonstrated that the histaminergic neurons show an earlier activation during the appetitive phase of feeding, compared to other ascending arousal system nuclei, paralleled with a high increase in arousal state. Lesions restricted to the histaminergic neurons in rats reduced their motivation to get food even after 24 h of food deprivation, compared with intact or sham lesioned rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that the histaminergic system is important for appetitive behavior related to feeding. However, its role in other goal-directed behaviors remains unexplored. In the present work, male rats rendered motivated to obtain water, sex, or amphetamine showed an increase in Fos-ir of histaminergic neurons in appetitive behaviors directed to get those reinforcers. However, during appetitive tests to obtain sex, or drug in amphetamine-conditioned rats, Fos expression increased in most other ascending arousal system nuclei, including the orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus and laterodorsal tegmental neurons, but not in the ventral tegmental area, which showed no Fos-ir increase in any of the 3 conditions. Importantly, all these appetitive behaviors were drastically reduced after histaminergic cell-specific lesion, suggesting a critical contribution of histamine on the intensity component of several appetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contreras
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - María E. Riveros
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Fisiología Celular Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo. Santiago, Chile
| | - Maricel Quispe
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Sánchez
- Programa disciplinario de Fisiología y Biofísica, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, I.C.B.M., Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guayec Perdomo
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Torrealba
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Valdés
- Programa disciplinario de Fisiología y Biofísica, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, I.C.B.M., Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Appetitive behaviours occur in a state of behavioural and physiological activation that allows the optimal performance of these goal-directed behaviours. Here, we tested the hypothesis that histamine neurons under the command of the infralimbic cortex are important to provide behavioural activation. Extracellular histamine and serotonin were measured by microdialysis of the medial prefrontal cortex in behaving rats in parallel with a picrotoxin microinjection into the infralimbic cortex. The injection aroused the rats behaviourally, increased histamine release and decreased serotonin levels. Inhibition of the infralimbic cortex with muscimol produced the opposite effects on neurotransmitter release. The behavioural activation induced by motivating hungry rats with caged food was paralleled by an immediate histamine release, whereas awakening induced by tapping their microdialysis bowl increased serotonin, but not histamine levels. In conclusion, picrotoxin injection into the infralimbic cortex produces behavioural activation together with histamine release; in a similar manner, induction of an appetitive state produced histamine release, likely related to increased behavioural activation characteristic of an appetitive behaviour.
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The histaminergic system as a target for the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2015; 106:3-12. [PMID: 26164344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of food intake and body weight is very complex. Key factors driving eating behavior are hunger and satiety that are controlled by an interplay of several central and peripheral neuroendocrine systems, environmental factors, the behavioral state and circadian rhythm, which all concur to alter homeostatic aspects of appetite and energy expenditure. Brain histamine plays a fundamental role in eating behavior as it induces loss of appetite and has long been considered a satiety signal that is released during food intake (Sakata et al., 1997). Animal studies have shown that brain histamine is released during the appetitive phase to provide a high level of arousal preparatory to feeding, but also mediates satiety. Furthermore, histamine regulates peripheral mechanisms such as glucose uptake and insulin function. Preclinical research indicates that activation of H1 and H3 receptors is crucial for the regulation of the diurnal rhythm of food consumption; furthermore, these receptors have been specifically recognized as mediators of energy intake and expenditure. Despite encouraging preclinical data, though, no brain penetrating H1 receptor agonists have been identified that would have anti-obesity effects. The potential role of the H3 receptor as a target of anti-obesity therapeutics was explored in clinical trials that did not meet up to the expectations or were interrupted (clinicaltrials.gov). Nonetheless, interesting results are emerging from clinical trials that evaluated the attenuating effect of betahistine (an H1 agonist/H3 antagonist) on metabolic side effects associated with chronic antipsychotics treatment. Aim of this review is to summarize recent results that suggest the clinical relevance of the histaminergic system for the treatment of feeding disorders and provide an up-to-date summary of preclinical research. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
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32
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Histamine receptor signaling in energy homeostasis. Neuropharmacology 2015; 106:13-9. [PMID: 26107117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Histamine modulates several aspects of energy homeostasis. By activating histamine receptors in the hypothalamus the bioamine influences thermoregulation, its circadian rhythm, energy expenditure and feeding. These actions are brought about by activation of different histamine receptors and/or the recruitment of distinct neural pathways. In this review we describe the signaling mechanisms activated by histamine in the hypothalamus, the evidence for its role in modulating energy homeostasis as well as recent advances in the understanding of the cellular and neural network mechanisms involved. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
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Benetti F, Furini CRG, de Carvalho Myskiw J, Provensi G, Passani MB, Baldi E, Bucherelli C, Munari L, Izquierdo I, Blandina P. Histamine in the basolateral amygdala promotes inhibitory avoidance learning independently of hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2536-42. [PMID: 25918368 PMCID: PMC4434720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries demonstrated that recruitment of alternative brain circuits permits compensation of memory impairments following damage to brain regions specialized in integrating and/or storing specific memories, including both dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we first report that the integrity of the brain histaminergic system is necessary for long-term, but not for short-term memory of step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). Second, we found that phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive-element-binding protein, a crucial mediator in long-term memory formation, correlated anatomically and temporally with histamine-induced memory retrieval, showing the active involvement of histamine function in CA1 and BLA in different phases of memory consolidation. Third, we found that exogenous application of histamine in either hippocampal CA1 or BLA of brain histamine-depleted rats, hence amnesic, restored long-term memory; however, the time frame of memory rescue was different for the two brain structures, short lived (immediately posttraining) for BLA, long lasting (up to 6 h) for the CA1. Moreover, long-term memory was formed immediately after training restoring of histamine transmission only in the BLA. These findings reveal the essential role of histaminergic neurotransmission to provide the brain with the plasticity necessary to ensure memorization of emotionally salient events, through recruitment of alternative circuits. Hence, our findings indicate that the histaminergic system comprises parallel, coordinated pathways that provide compensatory plasticity when one brain structure is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Benetti
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Regina Guerino Furini
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jociane de Carvalho Myskiw
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Universitá di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy; and
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Universitá di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy; and
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universitá di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Corrado Bucherelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universitá di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Leonardo Munari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Universitá di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy; and
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Universitá di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy; and
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Fasting activated histaminergic neurons and enhanced arousal effect of caffeine in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 133:164-73. [PMID: 25895691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, a popular psychoactive compound, promotes wakefulness via blocking adenosine A2A receptors in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, which projects to the arousal histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). The TMN controls several behaviors such as wakefulness and feeding. Fasting has been reported to activate the TMN histaminergic neurons to increase arousal. Therefore, we propose that caffeine may promote greater arousal under fasting rather than normal feeding conditions. In the current study, locomotor activity recording, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram recording and c-Fos expression were used in wild type (WT) and histamine H1 receptor (H1R) knockout (KO) mice to investigate the arousal effects of caffeine under fasting conditions. Caffeine (15mg/kg) enhanced locomotor activity in fasted mice for 5h, but only did so for 3h in normally fed animals. Pretreatment with the H1R antagonist pyrilamine abolished caffeine-induced stimulation on locomotor activity in fasted mice. EEG recordings confirmed that caffeine-induced wakefulness for 3h in fed WT mice, and for 5h in fasted ones. A stimulatory effect of caffeine was not observed in fasted H1R KO mice. Furthermore, c-Fos expression was increased in the TMN under fasting conditions. These results indicate that caffeine had greater wakefulness-promoting effects in fasted mice through the mediation of H1R.
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A premammillary lateral hypothalamic nuclear complex responds to hedonic but not aversive tastes in the male rat. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:2183-208. [PMID: 25863939 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has two major roles: arousal/waking and food intake controls. Here, it is shown that a premammillary part of the LHA is neurochemically and cytoarchitectonically distinct from the tuberal LHA in male rats. This part contains nuclear masses, namely the parasubthalamic nucleus and the calbindin nucleus, involved in pathways that predict its participation in the control of food intake. Analyzing c-Fos expression in experiments related to feeding behavior, this region responded specifically to the ingestion of palatable nutriments.
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36
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Martin-Fairey CA, Ramanathan C, Stowie A, Walaszczyk E, Smale L, Nunez AA. Plastic oscillators and fixed rhythms: changes in the phase of clock-gene rhythms in the PVN are not reflected in the phase of the melatonin rhythm of grass rats. Neuroscience 2015; 288:178-86. [PMID: 25575946 PMCID: PMC4323925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The same clock-genes, including Period (PER) 1 and 2, that show rhythmic expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are also rhythmically expressed in other brain regions that serve as extra-SCN oscillators. Outside the hypothalamus, the phase of these extra-SCN oscillators appears to be reversed when diurnal and nocturnal mammals are compared. Based on mRNA data, PER1 protein is expected to peak in the late night in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of nocturnal laboratory rats, but comparable data are not available for a diurnal species. Here we use the diurnal grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) to describe rhythms of PER1 and 2 proteins in the PVN of animals that either show the species-typical day-active (DA) profile, or that adopt a night-active (NA) profile when given access to running wheels. For DA animals housed with or without wheels, significant rhythms of PER1 or PER2 protein expression featured peaks in the late morning; NA animals showed patterns similar to those expected from nocturnal laboratory rats. Since the PVN is part of the circuit that controls pineal rhythms, we also measured circulating levels of melatonin during the day and night in DA animals with and without wheels and in NA wheel runners. All three groups showed elevated levels of melatonin at night, with higher levels during both the day and night being associated with the levels of activity displayed by each group. The differential phase of rhythms in the clock-gene protein in the PVN of diurnal and nocturnal animals presents a possible mechanism for explaining species differences in the phase of autonomic rhythms controlled, in part, by the PVN. The present study suggests that the phase of the oscillator of the PVN does not determine that of the melatonin rhythm in diurnal and nocturnal species or in diurnal and nocturnal chronotypes within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martin-Fairey
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - C Ramanathan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - A Stowie
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - E Walaszczyk
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - L Smale
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - A A Nunez
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Gianlorenço ACL, Riboldi AM, Silva-Marques B, Mattioli R. Cerebellar vermis H₂ receptors mediate fear memory consolidation in mice. Neurosci Lett 2014; 587:57-61. [PMID: 25524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Histaminergic fibers are present in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum and have a high density in the vermis and flocullus. Evidence supports that the cerebellar histaminergic system is involved in memory consolidation. Our recent study showed that histamine injections facilitate the retention of an inhibitory avoidance task, which was abolished by pretreatment with an H2 receptor antagonist. In the present study, we investigated the effects of intracerebellar post training injections of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists as well as the selective H2 receptor agonist on fear memory consolidation. The cerebellar vermi of male mice were implanted with guide cannulae, and after three days of recovery, the inhibitory avoidance test was performed. Immediately after a training session, animals received a microinjection of the following histaminergic drugs: experiment 1, saline or chlorpheniramine (0.016, 0.052 or 0.16 nmol); experiment 2, saline or ranitidine (0.57, 2.85 or 5.07 nmol); and experiment 3, saline or dimaprit (1, 2 or 4 nmol). Twenty-four hours later, a retention test was performed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's tests. Animals microinjected with chlorpheniramine did not show any behavioral effects at the doses that we used. Intra-cerebellar injection of the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine inhibited, while the selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit facilitated, memory consolidation, suggesting that H2 receptors mediate memory consolidation in the inhibitory avoidance task in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Gianlorenço
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy Department, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
| | - A M Riboldi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy Department, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
| | - B Silva-Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy Department, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
| | - R Mattioli
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy Department, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
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Blancas A, González-García S, Rodríguez K, Escobar C. Progressive anticipation in behavior and brain activation of rats exposed to scheduled daily palatable food. Neuroscience 2014; 281:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Satiety factor oleoylethanolamide recruits the brain histaminergic system to inhibit food intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11527-32. [PMID: 25049422 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322016111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key factors driving eating behavior are hunger and satiety, which are controlled by a complex interplay of central neurotransmitter systems and peripheral stimuli. The lipid-derived messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is released by enterocytes in response to fat intake and indirectly signals satiety to hypothalamic nuclei. Brain histamine is released during the appetitive phase to provide a high level of arousal in anticipation of feeding, and mediates satiety. However, despite the possible functional overlap of satiety signals, it is not known whether histamine participates in OEA-induced hypophagia. Using different experimental settings and diets, we report that the anorexiant effect of OEA is significantly attenuated in mice deficient in the histamine-synthesizing enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC-KO) or acutely depleted of histamine via interocerebroventricular infusion of the HDC blocker α-fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH). α-FMH abolished OEA-induced early occurrence of satiety onset while increasing histamine release in the CNS with an H3 receptor antagonist-increased hypophagia. OEA augmented histamine release in the cortex of fasted mice within a time window compatible to its anorexic effects. OEA also increased c-Fos expression in the oxytocin neurons of the paraventricular nuclei of WT but not HDC-KO mice. The density of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons in other brain regions that receive histaminergic innervation and participate in the expression of feeding behavior was comparable in OEA-treated WT and HDC-KO mice. Our results demonstrate that OEA requires the integrity of the brain histamine system to fully exert its hypophagic effect and that the oxytocin neuron-rich nuclei are the likely hypothalamic area where brain histamine influences the central effects of OEA.
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Infralimbic cortex controls core body temperature in a histamine dependent manner. Physiol Behav 2014; 128:1-8. [PMID: 24480074 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An increase in body temperature accelerates biochemical reactions and behavioral and physiological responses. A mechanism to actively increase body temperature would be beneficial during motivated behaviors. The prefrontal cortex is implicated in organizing motivated behavior; the infralimbic cortex, a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex, has the necessary connectivity to serve the role of initiating such thermogenic mechanism at the beginning of the appetitive phase of motivated behavior; further, this cortex is active during motivated behavior and its disinhibition produces a marked behavioral and vegetative arousal increase, together with increases in histamine levels. We wanted to explore if this arousal was related to histaminergic activation after pharmacological infralimbic disinhibition and during the appetitive phase of motivated behavior. We measured core temperature and motor activity in response to picrotoxin injection in the infralimbic cortex, as well as during food-related appetitive behavior, evoked by enticing hungry rats with food. Pretreatment with the H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine decreased thermal response to picrotoxin and enticement and completely blunted motor response to enticement. Motor and temperature responses to enticement were also completely abolished by infralimbic cortex inhibition with muscimol. To assess if this histamine dependent temperature increase was produced by an active sympathetic mediated thermogenic mechanism or was just a consequence of increased locomotor activity, we injected propranolol (i.p.), a β adrenergic receptor blocker, before picrotoxin injection into the infralimbic cortex. Propranolol reduced the temperature increase without affecting locomotor activity. Altogether, these results suggest that infralimbic activation is necessary for appetitive behavior by inducing a motor and a vegetative arousal increase mediated by central histamine.
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Gianlorenço ACL, Canto-de-Souza A, Mattioli R. Intra-cerebellar microinjection of histamine enhances memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance learning in mice via H2 receptors. Neurosci Lett 2013; 557 Pt B:159-64. [PMID: 24161893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the relationship between the histaminergic system and the cerebellum, and we intend to investigate the role of the cerebellar histaminergic system on memory consolidation. This study investigated the effect of intra-cerebellar microinjection of histamine on memory retention of inhibitory avoidance in mice, and the role of H1 and H2 receptors in it. The cerebellar vermis of male mice were implanted with guide cannulae, and after three days of recovery, the inhibitory avoidance test was performed. Immediately after a training session, animals received a microinjection of histaminergic drugs: in the experiment 1, saline (SAL) or histamine (HA 0.54, 1.36, 2.72 or 4.07 nmol); experiment 2, SAL or 1.36 nmol HA 5 min after a pretreatment with 0.16 nmol chlorpheniramine (CPA) or SAL; and experiment 3, SAL or 1.36 nmol HA 5 min after a pretreatment with 2.85 nmol ranitidine (RA) or SAL. Twenty-four hours later, a retention test was performed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's tests. In experiment 1, animals microinjected with 1.36 nmol HA showed a higher latency to cross to the dark compartment compared to controls and to 2.72 and 4.07 nmol HA groups. In experiment 2, the combined infusions revealed difference between control (SAL+SAL) and SAL+HA and CPA+HA; while in the experiment 3 the analysis indicated differences in retention latency between mice injected with SAL+SAL and SAL+HA. The groups that received the H2 antagonist RA did not show difference compared to control. These results indicate that 1.36 nmol HA enhances memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance learning in mice and that the pretreatment with H2 antagonist RA was able to prevent this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Gianlorenço
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy Department, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
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Chikahisa S, Kodama T, Soya A, Sagawa Y, Ishimaru Y, Séi H, Nishino S. Histamine from brain resident MAST cells promotes wakefulness and modulates behavioral states. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78434. [PMID: 24205232 PMCID: PMC3800008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell activation and degranulation can result in the release of various chemical mediators, such as histamine and cytokines, which significantly affect sleep. Mast cells also exist in the central nervous system (CNS). Since up to 50% of histamine contents in the brain are from brain mast cells, mediators from brain mast cells may significantly influence sleep and other behaviors. In this study, we examined potential involvement of brain mast cells in sleep/wake regulations, focusing especially on the histaminergic system, using mast cell deficient (W/Wv) mice. No significant difference was found in the basal amount of sleep/wake between W/Wv mice and their wild-type littermates (WT), although W/Wv mice showed increased EEG delta power and attenuated rebound response after sleep deprivation. Intracerebroventricular injection of compound 48/80, a histamine releaser from mast cells, significantly increased histamine levels in the ventricular region and enhanced wakefulness in WT mice, while it had no effect in W/Wv mice. Injection of H1 antagonists (triprolidine and mepyramine) significantly increased the amounts of slow-wave sleep in WT mice, but not in W/Wv mice. Most strikingly, the food-seeking behavior observed in WT mice during food deprivation was completely abolished in W/Wv mice. W/Wv mice also exhibited higher anxiety and depression levels compared to WT mice. Our findings suggest that histamine released from brain mast cells is wake-promoting, and emphasizes the physiological and pharmacological importance of brain mast cells in the regulation of sleep and fundamental neurobehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Chikahisa
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tohru Kodama
- Department of Psychophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Soya
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Yohei Sagawa
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Yuji Ishimaru
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Histaminergic ligands injected into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis differentially affect fear conditioning consolidation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:575-82. [PMID: 22418001 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in fear conditioning encoding is well established. In the present report, we investigate the involvement of the NBM histaminergic system in consolidating fear memories. The NBM was injected bilaterally with ligands of histaminergic receptors immediately after contextual fear conditioning. Histaminergic compounds, either alone or in combination, were stereotaxically administered to different groups of adult male Wistar rats and memory was assessed as conditioned freezing duration 72 h after administration. This protocol prevents interference with NBM function during either acquisition or retrieval phases, hence restricting the effect of pharmacological manipulations to fear memory consolidation. The results presented here demonstrate that post-training H3 receptors (H3R) blockade with the antagonist/inverse agonist thioperamide or activation with immepip in the NBM potentiates or decreases, respectively, freezing response at retrieval. Thioperamide induced memory enhancement seems to depend on H2R, but not H1R activation, as the H2R antagonist zolantidine blocked the effect of thioperamide, whereas the H1R antagonist pyrilamine was ineffective. Furthermore, the H2R agonist ampthamine improved fear memory expression independently of the H3R agonist effect. Our results indicate that activation of post-synaptic H2R within the NBM by endogenous histamine is responsible for the potentiated expression of fear responses. The results are discussed in terms of activation of H3 auto- and heteroreceptors within the NBM and the differential effect of H3R ligands on fear memory consolidation in distinct brain regions.
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Torrealba F, Riveros ME, Contreras M, Valdes JL. Histamine and motivation. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:51. [PMID: 22783171 PMCID: PMC3389384 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain histamine may affect a variety of different behavioral and physiological functions; however, its role in promoting wakefulness has overshadowed its other important functions. Here, we review evidence indicating that brain histamine plays a central role in motivation and emphasize its differential involvement in the appetitive and consummatory phases of motivated behaviors. We discuss the inputs that control histaminergic neurons of the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus, which determine the distinct role of these neurons in appetitive behavior, sleep/wake cycles, and food anticipatory responses. Moreover, we review evidence supporting the dysfunction of histaminergic neurons and the cortical input of histamine in regulating specific forms of decreased motivation (apathy). In addition, we discuss the relationship between the histamine system and drug addiction in the context of motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torrealba
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Identification of a histaminergic circuit in the caudal hypothalamus: an evidence for functional heterogeneity of histaminergic neurons. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:942-7. [PMID: 22677810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that histaminergic neurons in the posterior hypothalamus make connections with whole brain areas and regulate several functions. Recent evidence indicates that histaminergic neurons are heterogeneous cell group and organized into distinct circuits. However, functional circuits of histaminergic neurons have not been fully mapped so far. To address this issue, we have investigated antihistamine-sensitive neuronal activation in the hypothalamus to determine the hypothalamic region primarily innervated by histaminergic neurons. Here we review our recent findings showing the existence of the heterogeneous subpopulations of histaminergic neurons in the TMN that innervated distinct regions to regulate particular functions. We have identified the caudal part of the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (cARC) as a target region of histaminergic neurons in food-restricted rats by assessing suppression of c-Fos expression by pretreatment with antihistamines. Histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) are morphologically subdivided into five groups (E1-E5). Among the subdivisions, the E3 group was found to be activated corresponding to the activation of cARC neurons. Our findings suggest that this subpopulation selectively innervate cARC neurons. Accumulating reports have also described c-Fos expression in other TMN subpopulations. Various stress challenge induced c-Fos expression primarily in E4 and E5 subpopulations. Motivation- and drug-induced arousal elicited in common activation of ventrolateral part of the TMN containing E1 and E2 subdivisions, which receive projections from wake-active orexin neurons and sleep-active GABA neurons. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that there are heterogeneous subpopulations in the TMN that innervated distinct regions to regulate particular functions.
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Ishizuka T, Yamatodani A. Integrative role of the histaminergic system in feeding and taste perception. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:44. [PMID: 22654740 PMCID: PMC3359529 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay of many endogenous substances, such as peptides and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Histamine is a neurotransmitter which expresses an anorectic effect on food intake via histamine H(1) receptors. The histaminergic system exists downstream of leptin, a satiety factor secreted from white adipose tissue. Because direct stimulation of the histaminergic system by histamine H(3)-inverse agonists or antagonists can normalize the obese phenotype in which animal models with exogenous leptin resistance, which resembles human obesity, the potential roles of histamine H(3) receptors as a therapeutic target now draw attention. Histaminergic activity is enhanced during feeding, and an oral somatic sensation is thought to affect histaminergic activity while blood glucose levels do not. In addition, gustatory information can modulate histaminergic activity by two mechanisms: by physiological excitation of the chorda tympani nerve, one of the taste nerves and by emotions elicited by taste perception, i.e., taste palatability. Particularly, aversive and hazardous taste stimuli tonically facilitate histaminergic activity, suggesting that the histaminergic system is involved in the response to harmful stimuli. Together with recent findings, it is postulated that the histaminergic system responds to both mechanical and chemical sensory input from the oral cavity during feeding and is exerted as a part of the danger response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University Osaka, Japan
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Bosman LWJ, Houweling AR, Owens CB, Tanke N, Shevchouk OT, Rahmati N, Teunissen WHT, Ju C, Gong W, Koekkoek SKE, De Zeeuw CI. Anatomical pathways involved in generating and sensing rhythmic whisker movements. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:53. [PMID: 22065951 PMCID: PMC3207327 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent whisker system is widely used as a model system for investigating sensorimotor integration, neural mechanisms of complex cognitive tasks, neural development, and robotics. The whisker pathways to the barrel cortex have received considerable attention. However, many subcortical structures are paramount to the whisker system. They contribute to important processes, like filtering out salient features, integration with other senses, and adaptation of the whisker system to the general behavioral state of the animal. We present here an overview of the brain regions and their connections involved in the whisker system. We do not only describe the anatomy and functional roles of the cerebral cortex, but also those of subcortical structures like the striatum, superior colliculus, cerebellum, pontomedullary reticular formation, zona incerta, and anterior pretectal nucleus as well as those of level setting systems like the cholinergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways. We conclude by discussing how these brain regions may affect each other and how they together may control the precise timing of whisker movements and coordinate whisker perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens W. J. Bosman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Cullen B. Owens
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nouk Tanke
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Chiheng Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdam, Netherlands
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Histamine receptors in the CNS as targets for therapeutic intervention. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:242-9. [PMID: 21324537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Histamine has long been known to trigger allergic reactions and gastric acid secretion. However, it was later discovered that, in the brain, histamine regulates basic homeostatic and higher functions, including cognition, arousal, circadian and feeding rhythms. The sole source of brain histamine is neurons localized in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nuclei. These neurons project axons to the whole brain, are organized into functionally distinct circuits influencing different brain regions and display selective control mechanisms. Although all histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R) are expressed in the brain, only the H3R has become a drug target for the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the pharmacological manipulation of H3Rs and the implications for H3R-related therapies for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The legacy of Sir James Black.
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Umehara H, Mizuguchi H, Mizukawa N, Matsumoto M, Takeda N, Senba E, Fukui H. Deprivation of anticipated food under scheduled feeding induces c-Fos expression in the caudal part of the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus through histamine H₁ receptors in rats: potential involvement of E3 subgroup of histaminergic neurons in tuberomammillary nucleus. Brain Res 2011; 1387:61-70. [PMID: 21320473 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that histaminergic neurons densely innervate the anterior hypothalamus and regulate several functions through histamine H(1) receptor (H1R). However, functional innervations of histaminergic neurons in the caudal hypothalamus have been poorly investigated. Recently, we have demonstrated that c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was significantly induced by food deprivation under scheduled feeding in H1R-expressing cells in the caudal part of the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (cARC) of rats and histaminergic neurons innervating this area. In this study, we have examined the functional involvement of histaminergic neurons in the food deprivation-induced c-Fos expression in the cARC under scheduled feeding. The c-Fos expression in the cARC by food deprivation was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with antihistamines. After food deprivation, the number of c-Fos-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) double-positive neurons was mostly increased in the E3 subdivision of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TM). Under the restricted feeding schedule, significant expressions of c-Fos were detected in the TM and cARC only when rats strongly anticipated feeding, compared with a slight c-Fos induction in both nuclei when they were satiated. These findings suggest that the histaminergic neurons in the E3 subdivision of the TM are selectively activated by deprivation of an anticipated food under scheduled feeding and functionally innervate the H1R-expressing neurons in the cARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Umehara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Passani MB, Blandina P, Torrealba F. The histamine H3 receptor and eating behavior. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:24-9. [PMID: 20864503 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the histaminergic system as a potential target for the treatment of feeding disorders is driven by the unsatisfactory history of the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Eating behavior is regulated by a complex interplay of central neurotransmitter systems, peripheral endocrine stimuli, the circadian rhythm, and environmental cues, all factors that change the behavioral state and alter homeostatic aspects of appetite and energy expenditure. Key factors driving eating behavior are appetite and satiety that are regulated through different mechanisms. Brain histamine has long been considered a satiety signal in the nervous system. Recent observations, however, indicate that histamine does not meet the criteria for being a satiety signal, because augmented histamine release accompanies the appetitive phase of feeding behavior rather than food consumption and satiety. The appetitive phase requires a high and yet optimal arousal state, and the histaminergic system is crucial for sustaining a high degree of arousal during motivated behavior. Histamine H(1) receptors in the brain are crucial for the regulation of the diurnal rhythm of food intake and the regulation of obesity; however, from a therapeutic standpoint, no brain-penetrating H(1) receptor agonists have been identified that would have antiobesity effects. Despite conflicting preclinical data, insights are emerging into the potential role of histamine H(3) receptors as a target of antiobesity therapeutics. The aim of this review is to outline the relevance of the histaminergic system in controlling feeding behavior and evaluate the potential therapeutic use of histaminergic ligands for the treatment of eating disorders.
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