1
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White S, Roller R. Herpes simplex virus type-1 cVAC formation in neuronal cells is mediated by dynein motor function and glycoprotein retrieval from the plasma membrane. J Virol 2024; 98:e0071324. [PMID: 38899931 PMCID: PMC11265375 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00713-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus assembly requires the cytoplasmic association of large macromolecular and membrane structures that derive from both the nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane systems. Results from the study of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in cells where it organizes a perinuclear cytoplasmic virus assembly compartment (cVAC) show a clear requirement for the minus-end-directed microtubule motor, dynein, for virus assembly. In contrast, the assembly of herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV-1) in epithelial cells where it forms multiple dispersed, peripheral assembly sites is only mildly inhibited by the microtubule-depolymerizing agent, nocodazole. Here, we make use of a neuronal cell line system in which HSV-1 forms a single cVAC and show that dynein and its co-factor dynactin localize to the cVAC, and dynactin is associated with membranes that contain the virion tegument protein pUL11. We also show that the virus membrane-associated structural proteins pUL51 and the viral envelope glycoprotein gE arrive at the cVAC by different routes. Specifically, gE arrives at the cVAC after retrieval from the plasma membrane, suggesting the need for an intact retrograde transport system. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of dynactin function profoundly inhibits cVAC formation and virus production during the cytoplasmic assembly phase of infection.IMPORTANCEMany viruses reorganize cytoplasmic membrane systems and macromolecular transport systems to promote the production of progeny virions. Clarifying the mechanisms by which they accomplish this may reveal novel therapeutic strategies and illustrate mechanisms that are critical for normal cellular organization. Here, we explore the mechanism by which HSV-1 moves macromolecular and membrane cargo to generate a virus assembly compartment in the infected cell. We find that the virus makes use of a well-characterized, microtubule-based transport system that is stabilized against drugs that disrupt microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard Roller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Pajenda S, Gerges DA, Freire R, Wagner L, Hevesi Z, Aiad M, Eder M, Schmidt A, Winnicki W, Eskandary FA. Acute Kidney Injury and BK Polyomavirus in Urine Sediment Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17511. [PMID: 38139342 PMCID: PMC10744141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are widespread, with BK viruses being most common in humans who require immunosuppression due to allotransplantation. Infection with BK polyomavirus (BKV) may manifest as BK virus-associated nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis. Established diagnostic methods include the detection of polyomavirus in urine and blood by PCR and in tissue biopsies via immunohistochemistry. In this study, 79 patients with pathological renal retention parameters and acute kidney injury (AKI) were screened for BK polyomavirus replication by RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and virus-specific qPCR in urine sediment cells. A short fragment of the VP2 coding region was the target of qPCR amplification; patients with (n = 31) and without (n = 48) a history of renal transplantation were included. Urine sediment cell immunofluorescence staining for VP1 BK polyomavirus protein was performed using confocal microscopy. In 22 patients with acute renal injury, urinary sediment cells from 11 participants with kidney transplantation (KTX) and from 11 non-kidney transplanted patients (nonKTX) were positive for BK virus replication. BK virus copies were found more frequently in patients with AKI stage III (n = 14). Higher copy numbers were detected in KTX patients having experienced BK polyoma-nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in the past or diagnosed recently by histology (5.6 × 109-3.1 × 1010). One patient developed BK viremia following delayed graft function (DGF) with BK virus-positive urine sediment. In nonKTX patients with BK copies, decoy cells were absent; however, positive staining of cells was found with epithelial morphology. Decoy cells were only found in KTX patients with BKPyVAN. In AKI, damage to the tubular epithelium itself may render the epithelial cells more permissive for polyoma replication. This non-invasive diagnostic approach to assess BK polyomavirus replication in urine sediment cells has the potential to identify KTX patients at risk for viremia and BKPyVAN during AKI. This method might serve as a valuable screening tool for close monitoring and tailored immunosuppression decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Pajenda
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Daniela Anna Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias (UFP-C), 35450 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Monika Aiad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Michael Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Alice Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Wolfgang Winnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
| | - Farsad Alexander Eskandary
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (L.W.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (W.W.); (F.A.E.)
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3
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Dabrowska A, Botwina P, Barreto-Duran E, Kubisiak A, Obloza M, Synowiec A, Szczepanski A, Targosz-Korecka M, Szczubialka K, Nowakowska M, Pyrc K. Reversible rearrangement of the cellular cytoskeleton: A key to the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of novel amphiphilic polymers. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100763. [PMID: 37600352 PMCID: PMC10433002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The battle against emerging viral infections has been uneven, as there is currently no broad-spectrum drug available to contain the spread of novel pathogens throughout the population. Consequently, the pandemic outbreak that occurred in early 2020 laid bare the almost empty state of the pandemic box. Therefore, the development of novel treatments with broad specificity has become a paramount concern in this post-pandemic era. Here, we propose copolymers of poly (sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (PAMPS) and poly (sodium 11-(acrylamido)undecanoate (AaU), both block (PAMPS75-b-PAaUn) and random (P(AMPSm-co-AaUn)) that show efficacy against a broad range of alpha and betacoronaviruses. Owing to their intricate architecture, these polymers exhibit a highly distinctive mode of action, modulating nano-mechanical properties of cells and thereby influencing viral replication. Through the employment of confocal and atomic force microscopy techniques, we discerned perturbations in actin and vimentin filaments, which correlated with modification of cellular elasticity and reduction of glycocalyx layer. Intriguingly, this process was reversible upon polymer removal from the cells. To ascertain the applicability of our findings, we assessed the efficacy and underlying mechanism of the inhibitors using fully differentiated human airway epithelial cultures, wherein near-complete abrogation of viral replication was documented. Given their mode of action, these polymers can be classified as biologically active nanomaterials that exploit a highly conserved molecular target-cellular plasticity-proffering the potential for truly broad-spectrum activity while concurrently for drug resistance development is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dabrowska
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Pawel Botwina
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Emilia Barreto-Duran
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Kubisiak
- Department of Physics of Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obloza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Synowiec
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Artur Szczepanski
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Targosz-Korecka
- Department of Physics of Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczubialka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
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4
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Weaver N, Hammonds J, Ding L, Lerner G, Dienger-Stambaugh K, Spearman P. KIF16B Mediates Anterograde Transport and Modulates Lysosomal Degradation of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0025523. [PMID: 37358446 PMCID: PMC10373548 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00255-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) is incorporated into virions at the site of particle assembly on the plasma membrane (PM). The route taken by Env to reach the site of assembly and particle incorporation remains incompletely understood. Following initial delivery to the PM through the secretory pathway, Env is rapidly endocytosed, suggesting that recycling is required for particle incorporation. Endosomes marked by the small GTPase Rab14 have been previously shown to play a role in Env trafficking. Here, we examined the role of KIF16B, the molecular motor protein that directs outward movement of Rab14-dependent cargo, in Env trafficking. Env colocalized extensively with KIF16B+ endosomes at the cellular periphery, while expression of a motor-deficient mutant of KIF16B redistributed Env to a perinuclear location. The half-life of Env labeled at the cell surface was markedly reduced in the absence of KIF16B, while a normal half-life was restored through inhibition of lysosomal degradation. In the absence of KIF16B, Env expression on the surface of cells was reduced, leading to a reduction in Env incorporation into particles and a corresponding reduction in particle infectivity. HIV-1 replication in KIF16B knockout cells was substantially reduced compared to that in wild-type cells. These results indicated that KIF16B regulates an outward sorting step involved in Env trafficking, thereby limiting lysosomal degradation and enhancing particle incorporation. IMPORTANCE The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is an essential component of HIV-1 particles. The cellular pathways that contribute to incorporation of envelope into particles are not fully understood. Here, we have identified KIF16B, a motor protein that directs movement from internal compartments toward the plasma membrane, as a host factor that prevents envelope degradation and enhances particle incorporation. This is the first host motor protein identified that contributes to HIV-1 envelope incorporation and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Weaver
- Immunobiology Division, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Hammonds
- Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lingmei Ding
- Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Grigoriy Lerner
- Immunobiology Division, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Krista Dienger-Stambaugh
- Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Spearman
- Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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5
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Xu A, Basant A, Schleich S, Newsome TP, Way M. Kinesin-1 transports morphologically distinct intracellular virions during vaccinia infection. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260175. [PMID: 36093836 PMCID: PMC9659004 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular mature viruses (IMVs) are the first and most abundant infectious form of vaccinia virus to assemble during its replication cycle. IMVs can undergo microtubule-based motility, but their directionality and the motor involved in their transport remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that IMVs, like intracellular enveloped viruses (IEVs), the second form of vaccinia that are wrapped in Golgi-derived membranes, recruit kinesin-1 and undergo anterograde transport. In vitro reconstitution of virion transport in infected cell extracts revealed that IMVs and IEVs move toward microtubule plus ends with respective velocities of 0.66 and 0.56 µm/s. Quantitative imaging established that IMVs and IEVs recruit an average of 139 and 320 kinesin-1 motor complexes, respectively. In the absence of kinesin-1, there was a near-complete loss of in vitro motility and reduction in the intracellular spread of both types of virions. Our observations demonstrate that kinesin-1 transports two morphologically distinct forms of vaccinia. Reconstitution of vaccinia-based microtubule motility in vitro provides a new model to elucidate how motor number and regulation impacts transport of a bona fide kinesin-1 cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus Xu
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Angika Basant
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sibylle Schleich
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Timothy P. Newsome
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
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6
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Río-Bergé C, Cong Y, Reggiori F. Getting on the right track: Interactions between viruses and the cytoskeletal motor proteins. Traffic 2023; 24:114-130. [PMID: 35146839 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is an essential component of the cell and it is involved in multiple physiological functions, including intracellular organization and transport. It is composed of three main families of proteinaceous filaments; microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments and their accessory proteins. Motor proteins, which comprise the dynein, kinesin and myosin superfamilies, are a remarkable group of accessory proteins that mainly mediate the intracellular transport of cargoes along with the cytoskeleton. Like other cellular structures and pathways, viruses can exploit the cytoskeleton to promote different steps of their life cycle through associations with motor proteins. The complexity of the cytoskeleton and the differences among viruses, however, has led to a wide diversity of interactions, which in most cases remain poorly understood. Unveiling the details of these interactions is necessary not only for a better comprehension of specific infections, but may also reveal new potential drug targets to fight dreadful diseases such as rabies disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we describe a few examples of the mechanisms that some human viruses, that is, rabies virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus and papillomavirus, have developed to hijack dyneins, kinesins and myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Río-Bergé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yingying Cong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Witt ASA, Trindade GDS, Souza FGD, Serafim MSM, da Costa AVB, Silva MVF, de Melo Iani FC, Rodrigues RAL, Kroon EG, Abrahão JS. Ultrastructural analysis of monkeypox virus replication in Vero cells. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28536. [PMID: 36708101 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In early May 2022, the first worldwide monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak was reported, with different clinical aspects from previously studied human monkeypox infections. Despite monkeypox medical importance, much of its biological aspects remain to be further investigated. In the present work, we evaluated ultrastructural aspects of MPXV asynchronous infections in Vero cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The viral strain was isolated from a male patient infected during the 2022 outbreak. TEM analysis showed: (i) adhered intracellular mature virus particles before entry of the host cell; (ii) a reorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae into the so-called "mini-nuclei" structure associated with genome replication; and (iii) noticeably different sites within the viral factory presenting granular or fibrillar aspects. We also observed viral crescents, different MPXV particle morphotypes, and cellular alterations induced by infection, such as changes in the cytoskeleton structure and multimembrane vesicles abundance. Taken together, to the best of our knowledge, these results revealed for the first-time ultrastructural aspects of different steps of the MPXV cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Stéphanie Arantes Witt
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gil de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Sá Magalhães Serafim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alana Vitor Barbosa da Costa
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Diretoria do Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira Silva
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Diretoria do Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Diretoria do Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Araújo Lima Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhang X, Li W, Cui Z. Single-Particle Tracking of Virus Entry in Live Cells. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:153-168. [PMID: 38159226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Novel imaging technologies such as single-particle tracking provide tools to study the intricate process of virus infection in host cells. In this chapter, we provide an overview of studies in which single-particle tracking technologies were applied for the analysis of the viral entry pathways in the context of the live host cell. Single-particle tracking techniques have been dependent on advances in the fluorescent labeling microscopy method and image analysis. The mechanistic and kinetic insights offered by this technique will provide a better understanding of virus entry and may lead to a rational design of antiviral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Goyal N, Barai A, Sen S, Kondabagil K. Amoebal Tubulin Cleavage Late during Infection Is a Characteristic Feature of Mimivirus but Not of Marseillevirus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0275322. [PMID: 36453900 PMCID: PMC9769910 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02753-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimivirus and Marseillevirus infections of Acanthamoeba castellanii, like most other viral infections, induce cytopathic effects (CPE). The details of how they bring about CPE and to what extent and how they modify the host cytoskeletal network are unclear. In this study, we compared the rearrangement of the host cytoskeletal network induced by Mimivirus and Marseillevirus upon infection. We show that while both Mimivirus and Marseillevirus infections of A. castellanii cells cause retraction of acanthopodia and depolymerization of the host actin filament network, the Mimivirus infection also results in characteristic cleavage of the host tubulin, a phenomenon not previously reported with any intracellular pathogens. Furthermore, we show that the amoebal tubulin cleavage during Mimivirus infection is a post-replicative event. Because time-lapse microscopy showed that Mimivirus infection leads to the bursting of cells, releasing the virus, we hypothesize that tubulin cleavage together with actin depolymerization during the later stages of Mimivirus assembly is essential for cell lysis due to apoptotic/necrotic cell death. We also characterize the Mimivirus-encoded gp560, a Zn metalloprotease, however, the purified gp560 protein was unable to cleave the commercially available porcine brain tubulin. While protein synthesis is essential for causing the morphological changes in the case of Mimivirus, the proteins which are packaged in the viral capsid along with the genome are sufficient to induce CPE in the case of Marseillevirus. IMPORTANCE In general, intracellular pathogens target the cytoskeletal network to enable their life cycle inside the host. Pathogen-induced changes in the host cell morphology usually accompany global changes in the cytoskeleton resulting in cytopathic effects. While viruses have been shown to use the host actin cytoskeleton for entry and transport during early infection, the role of microtubules in the viral life cycle is only beginning to emerge. Here, we show that the giant viruses Mimivirus and Marseillevirus both induce depolymerization of the actin filament, Mimivirus also causes a characteristic cleavage of tubulin not previously reported for any intracellular pathogen. Because tubulin cleavage occurs late during infection, we hypothesize that tubulin cleavage aids in cell death and lysis rather than establishing infection. The different strategies used by viruses with similar host niches may help them survive in competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Amlan Barai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Kondabagil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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10
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Wang H, Liu Y, Liu W, Wu K, Wang X. F-actin dynamics in midgut cells enables virus persistence in vector insects. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1671-1685. [PMID: 36073369 PMCID: PMC9562576 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemipteran insects that transmit plant viruses in a persistent circulative manner acquire, retain and transmit viruses for their entire life. The mechanism enabling this persistence has remained unclear for many years. Here, we determined how wheat dwarf virus (WDV) persists in its leafhopper vector Psammotettix alienus. We found that WDV caused the up-regulation of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) at the mRNA and protein levels in the midgut cells of leafhoppers after experiencing a WDV acquisition access period (AAP) of 6, 12 or 24 h. Experimental inhibition of F-actin depolymerization by jasplakinolide and dsRNA injection led to lower virus accumulation levels and transmission efficiencies, suggesting that depolymerization of F-actin regulated by ADF is essential for WDV invasion of midgut cells. Exogenous viral capsid protein (CP) inhibited ADF depolymerization of actin filaments in vitro and in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells because the CP competed with actin to bind ADF and then blocked actin filament disassembly. Interestingly, virions colocalized with ADF after a 24-h AAP, just as actin polymerization occurred, indicating that the binding of CP with ADF affects the ability of ADF to depolymerize F-actin, inhibiting WDV entry. Similarly, the luteovirus barley yellow dwarf virus also induced F-actin depolymerization and then polymerization in the gut cells of its vector Schizaphis graminum. Thus, F-actin dynamics are altered by nonpropagative viruses in midgut cells to enable virus persistence in vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Jeon H, Lim Y, Lee IG, Kim DI, Kim KP, Hong SH, Kim J, Jung YS, Seo YJ. Inhibition of KIF20A suppresses the replication of influenza A virus by inhibiting viral entry. J Microbiol 2022; 60:1113-1121. [PMID: 36318360 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) has caused several pandemics, and therefore there are many ongoing efforts to identify novel antiviral therapeutic strategies including vaccines and antiviral drugs. However, influenza viruses continuously undergo antigenic drift and shift, resulting in the emergence of mutated viruses. In turn, this decreases the efficiency of existing vaccines and antiviral drugs to control IAV infection. Therefore, this study sought to identify alternative therapeutic strategies targeting host cell factors rather than viruses to avoid infection by mutated viruses. Particularly, we investigated the role of KIF20A that is one of kinesin superfamily proteins in the replication of IAV. The KIF20A increased viral protein levels in IAV-infected cells by regulating the initial entry stage during viral infection. Furthermore, the KIF20A inhibitor significantly suppressed viral replication, which protected mice from morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that KIF20A is highly involved in the viral replication process and viral propagation both in vitro and in vivo, and could thus be used as a target for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyeon Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gu Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Stevens DA, Beierschmitt C, Mahesula S, Corley MR, Salogiannis J, Tsu BV, Cao B, Ryan AP, Hakozawki H, Reck-Peterson SL, Daugherty MD. Antiviral function and viral antagonism of the rapidly evolving dynein activating adaptor NINL. eLife 2022; 11:e81606. [PMID: 36222652 PMCID: PMC9651953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses interact with the intracellular transport machinery to promote viral replication. Such host-virus interactions can drive host gene adaptation, leaving signatures of pathogen-driven evolution in host genomes. Here, we leverage these genetic signatures to identify the dynein activating adaptor, ninein-like (NINL), as a critical component in the antiviral innate immune response and as a target of viral antagonism. Unique among genes encoding components of active dynein complexes, NINL has evolved under recurrent positive (diversifying) selection, particularly in its carboxy-terminal cargo-binding region. Consistent with a role for NINL in host immunity, we demonstrate that NINL knockout cells exhibit an impaired response to interferon, resulting in increased permissiveness to viral replication. Moreover, we show that proteases encoded by diverse picornaviruses and coronaviruses cleave and disrupt NINL function in a host- and virus-specific manner. Our work reveals the importance of NINL in the antiviral response and the utility of using signatures of host-virus genetic conflicts to uncover new components of antiviral immunity and targets of viral antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donté Alexander Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Swetha Mahesula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Miles R Corley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - John Salogiannis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Brian V Tsu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Bryant Cao
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Andrew P Ryan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozawki
- Nikon Imaging Center at UC San Diego, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Samara L Reck-Peterson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Matthew D Daugherty
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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13
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Meineke R, Stelz S, Busch M, Werlein C, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. FDA-Approved Inhibitors of RTK/Raf Signaling Potently Impair Multiple Steps of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Influenza A Virus Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:2058. [PMID: 36146864 PMCID: PMC9504178 DOI: 10.3390/v14092058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) infections pose a burden on global public health with significant morbidity and mortality. The limited range of currently licensed IV antiviral drugs is susceptible to the rapid rise of resistant viruses. In contrast, FDA-approved kinase inhibitors can be repurposed as fast-tracked host-targeted antivirals with a higher barrier of resistance. Extending our recent studies, we screened 21 FDA-approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) and identified seven candidates as potent inhibitors of pandemic and seasonal IV infections. These SMKIs were further validated in a biologically and clinically relevant ex vivo model of human precision-cut lung slices. We identified steps of the virus infection cycle affected by these inhibitors (entry, replication, egress) and found that most SMKIs affected both entry and egress. Based on defined and overlapping targets of these inhibitors, the candidate SMKIs target receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated activation of Raf/MEK/ERK pathways to limit influenza A virus infection. Our data and the established safety profiles of these SMKIs support further clinical investigations and repurposing of these SMKIs as host-targeted influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Stelz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Busch
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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14
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Hertzog J, Zhou W, Fowler G, Rigby RE, Bridgeman A, Blest HTW, Cursi C, Chauveau L, Davenne T, Warner BE, Kinchington PR, Kranzusch PJ, Rehwinkel J. Varicella-Zoster virus ORF9 is an antagonist of the DNA sensor cGAS. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109217. [PMID: 35670106 PMCID: PMC9289529 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles. Although the infection is associated with severe morbidity in some individuals, molecular mechanisms that determine innate immune responses remain poorly defined. We found that the cGAS/STING DNA sensing pathway was required for type I interferon (IFN) induction during VZV infection and that recognition of VZV by cGAS restricted its replication. Screening of a VZV ORF expression library identified the essential VZV tegument protein ORF9 as a cGAS antagonist. Ectopically or virally expressed ORF9 bound to endogenous cGAS leading to reduced type I IFN responses to transfected DNA. Confocal microscopy revealed co-localisation of cGAS and ORF9. ORF9 and cGAS also interacted directly in a cell-free system and phase-separated together with DNA. Furthermore, ORF9 inhibited cGAMP production by cGAS. Taken together, these results reveal the importance of the cGAS/STING DNA sensing pathway for VZV recognition and identify a VZV immune antagonist that partially but directly interferes with DNA sensing via cGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Hertzog
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Present address:
Clinical Cooperation Unit VirotherapyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of MicrobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Gerissa Fowler
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rachel E Rigby
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anne Bridgeman
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Henry TW Blest
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chiara Cursi
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lise Chauveau
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tamara Davenne
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Paul R Kinchington
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of MicrobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Parker Institute for Cancer ImmunotherapyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- MRC Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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15
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Zhang H, Zhang XQ, Huang LS, Fang X, Khan M, Xu Y, An J, Schooley RT, Huang Z. Synergistic inhibition of hepatitis C virus infection by a novel microtubule inhibitor in combination with daclatasvir. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101283. [PMID: 35647321 PMCID: PMC9136107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though substantial progress has been made in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, viral resistance and relapse still occur in some patients and additional therapeutic approaches may ultimately be needed should viral resistance become more prevalent. Microtubules play important roles in several HCV life cycle events, including cell attachment, entry, cellular transportation, morphogenesis and progeny secretion steps. Therefore, it was hypothesized that microtubular inhibition might be a novel approach for the treatment of HCV infection. Here, the inhibitory effects of our recently developed microtubule inhibitors were studied in the HCV replicon luciferase reporter system and the infectious system. In addition, the combination responses of microtubule inhibitors with daclatasvir, which is a clinically used HCV NS5A inhibitor, were also evaluated. Our results indicated that microtubule targeting had activity against HCV replication and showed synergistic effect with a current clinical drug. Microtubule inhibition affects HCV replication. Compound 9f displays time and concentration dependent inhibitory activities against HCV production. Combination of compound 9f with Daclatasvir shows modest synergistic effects against HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
| | - Lina S. Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
| | - Xiong Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jing An
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, California, USA
- Corresponding author.
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16
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The ACE2 Receptor for Coronavirus Entry Is Localized at Apical Cell—Cell Junctions of Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040627. [PMID: 35203278 PMCID: PMC8870730 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins of adherens and tight junctions are known targets for viruses and bacterial toxins. The coronavirus receptor ACE2 has been localized at the apical surface of epithelial cells, but it is not clear whether ACE2 is localized at apical Cell—Cell junctions and whether it associates with junctional proteins. Here we explored the expression and localization of ACE2 and its association with transmembrane and tight junction proteins in epithelial tissues and cultured cells by data mining, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. ACE2 mRNA is abundant in epithelial tissues, where its expression correlates with the expression of the tight junction proteins cingulin and occludin. In cultured epithelial cells ACE2 mRNA is upregulated upon differentiation and ACE2 protein is widely expressed and co-immunoprecipitates with the transmembrane proteins ADAM17 and CD9. We show by immunofluorescence microscopy that ACE2 colocalizes with ADAM17 and CD9 and the tight junction protein cingulin at apical junctions of intestinal (Caco-2), mammary (Eph4) and kidney (mCCD) epithelial cells. These observations identify ACE2, ADAM17 and CD9 as new epithelial junctional transmembrane proteins and suggest that the cytokine-enhanced endocytic internalization of junction-associated protein complexes comprising ACE2 may promote coronavirus entry.
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17
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Huang H, Li Y, Wang L, Song Y, Zhang G. Membrane proteomic analysis identifies the polarity protein PARD3 as a novel antiviral protein against PEDV infection. J Proteomics 2021; 253:104462. [PMID: 34954106 PMCID: PMC8695312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus causing lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets. PEDV could remodel host membrane structures for their replication, assembly and escape from host cells. However, little is known about the host membrane proteins of PEDV infection. In this study, we analyzed differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between PEDV infection group and control group and identified the polarity protein PARD3 as one of the most significantly DAPs. PARD3 is implicated in the formation of tight junctions at epithelial cell-cell contacts. Then, we found that PEDV infection promoted the degradation of PARD3 via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Moreover, knockdown of PARD3 promoted the proliferation of PEDV. Further study showed that the downregulation of PARD3 altered the normal morphology of the tight junction proteins and promoted apical and basolateral virus proliferation. Tight junctions enable epithelial cells to form physical barriers, which act as an innate immune mechanism that can impede viral infection and PEDV affected the barrier functions by causing degradation of PARD3. Taken together, this work is the first time to investigate the membrane protein profile of PEDV-infected cells using quantitative proteomics and suggests that PARD3 could be a potential novel antiviral protein against PEDV infection. Significance Membrane proteins are involved in various physiological and biochemical functions critical for cellular function. It is also dynamic in nature, where many proteins are changed during in response to environmental stress. However, membrane proteins are difficult to study because of their hydrophobicity. Membrane proteomic methods using mass spectrometry analysis have been developed and applied for the characterization of the plasma membrane and subcellular organelles of various virus infected cells. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric pathogen of importance to the swine industry, causing high mortality in neonatal piglets. Because PEDV infected Vero cells can lead to significant changes in cell membrane morphology and form syncytial lesions. Here, we isolated the membrane proteins of PEDV infected and control cells and applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantitatively identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in PEDV-infected Vero cells and confirmed the DAPs by performing RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Among these differential proteins, we focused on a down-regulated protein PARD3 which is important for cell tight junction and cell polarity. Loss of PARD3 can destroy the tight junction of cells and promote the proliferation of PEDV in the apical and basolateral sides. These findings will provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms underlying the host defense responses to PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No. 116, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yapeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No. 116, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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18
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Vijayakumar P, Raut AA, Chingtham S, Murugkar HV, Kulkarni DD, Sood R, Singh VP, Mishra A. Proteomic analysis of differential expression of lung proteins in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in chickens. Arch Virol 2021; 167:141-152. [PMID: 34786609 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis underlying virus-host interactions is important for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection in chickens. However, the pathogenesis of HPAI virus in chickens is not completely understood. To identify the intracellular signaling pathways and critical host proteins associated with influenza pathogenesis, we analyzed the lung proteome of a chicken infected with HPAI H5N1 virus (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011/Agartala). Mass spectrometry data sets were searched against the chicken UniProt reference database. At the local false discovery rate level of 5%, a total of 3313 proteins with the presence of at least one unique peptide were identified in the chicken lung proteome datasets. Differential expression analysis of these proteins showed that 247 and 1754 proteins were downregulated at 12 h and 48 h postinfection, respectively. We observed expression of proteins of the predominant signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and JAK-STAT signaling. Activation of these pathways is associated with the cytokine storm effect and thus may be the cause of the severity of HPAI H5N1 infection in chickens. We also observed the expression of myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKBKB), interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), RELA proto-oncogene NF-κB subunit (RELA), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), which are involved in critical signaling pathways, as well as other, less-commonly identified proteins such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (COPS5), cullin 1 (CUL1), breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), and the FYN proto-oncogene Src family tyrosine kinase (FYN) as main hub proteins that might play important roles in influenza pathogenesis in chickens. In summary, we identified the signaling pathways and the proteomic determinants associated with disease pathogenesis in chickens infected with HPAI H5N1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Orathanadu, 614625, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santhalembi Chingtham
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Harshad V Murugkar
- ICAR -National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Diwakar D Kulkarni
- ICAR -National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Sood
- ICAR -National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijendra Pal Singh
- ICAR -National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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19
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Dynactin 1 negatively regulates HIV-1 infection by sequestering the host cofactor CLIP170. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102884118. [PMID: 34686593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102884118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses directly engage and require the dynein-dynactin motor-adaptor complex in order to transport along microtubules (MTs) to the nucleus and initiate infection. HIV type 1 (HIV-1) exploits dynein, the dynein adaptor BICD2, and core dynactin subunits but unlike several other viruses, does not require dynactin-1 (DCTN1). The underlying reason for HIV-1's variant dynein engagement strategy and independence from DCTN1 remains unknown. Here, we reveal that DCTN1 actually inhibits early HIV-1 infection by interfering with the ability of viral cores to interact with critical host cofactors. Specifically, DCTN1 competes for binding to HIV-1 particles with cytoplasmic linker protein 170 (CLIP170), one of several MT plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) that regulate the stability of viral cores after entry into the cell. Outside of its function as a dynactin subunit, DCTN1 also functions as a +TIP that we find sequesters CLIP170 from incoming particles. Deletion of the Zinc knuckle (Zn) domain in CLIP170 that mediates its interactions with several proteins, including DCTN1, increased CLIP170 binding to virus particles but failed to promote infection, further suggesting that DCTN1 blocks a critical proviral function of CLIP170 mediated by its Zn domain. Our findings suggest that the unique manner in which HIV-1 binds and exploits +TIPs to regulate particle stability leaves them vulnerable to the negative effects of DCTN1 on +TIP availability and function, which may in turn have driven HIV-1 to evolve away from DCTN1 in favor of BICD2-based engagement of dynein during early infection.
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20
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Su S, Liu X, Tian RR, Qiao KX, Zheng CB, Gao WC, Yang LM, Kang QZ, Zheng YT. Cell membrane skeletal protein 4.1R participates in entry of Zika virus into cells. Virus Res 2021; 306:198593. [PMID: 34637814 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a typical mosquito-borne flavivirus known to cause severe fetal microcephaly and adult Guillain-Barré syndrome. Currently, there are no specific drugs or licensed vaccines available for ZIKV infection, and further research is required to identify host cell proteins involved in the virus's life cycle. Viruses are known to use host cell membrane skeletal proteins, such as actin and spectrin, to complete cell entry, transportation, and release. Here, based on immunoprecipitation, the Axl and ZIKV envelope (E) protein were shown to interact with the cell membrane skeleton protein 4.1R. Furthermore, deletion of 4.1R significantly reduced virus titer and viral protein synthesis. Our study showed that 4.1R is an important host cell protein during ZIKV infection and may be involved in the process of viral entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences /Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences /Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences /Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen-Cong Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences /Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qiao-Zhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences /Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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21
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Kutsch M, Coers J. Human guanylate binding proteins: nanomachines orchestrating host defense. FEBS J 2021; 288:5826-5849. [PMID: 33314740 PMCID: PMC8196077 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease-causing microorganisms not only breach anatomical barriers and invade tissues but also frequently enter host cells, nutrient-enriched environments amenable to support parasitic microbial growth. Protection from many infectious diseases is therefore reliant on the ability of individual host cells to combat intracellular infections through the execution of cell-autonomous defense programs. Central players in human cell-autonomous immunity are members of the family of dynamin-related guanylate binding proteins (GBPs). The importance of these interferon-inducible GTPases in host defense to viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens has been established for some time; only recently, cell biological and biochemical studies that largely focused on the prenylated paralogs GBP1, GBP2, and GBP5 have provided us with robust molecular frameworks for GBP-mediated immunity. Specifically, the recent characterization of GBP1 as a bona fide pattern recognition receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupting the integrity of bacterial outer membranes through LPS aggregation, the discovery of a link between hydrolysis-induced GMP production by GBP1 and inflammasome activation, and the classification of GBP2 and GBP5 as inhibitors of viral envelope glycoprotein processing via suppression of the host endoprotease furin have paved the way for a vastly improved conceptual understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which GBP nanomachines execute cell-autonomous immunity. The herein discussed models incorporate our current knowledge of the antimicrobial, proinflammatory, and biochemical properties of human GBPs and thereby provide testable hypotheses that will guide future studies into the intricacies of GBP-controlled host defense and their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710, USA
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22
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Naghavi MH. HIV-1 capsid exploitation of the host microtubule cytoskeleton during early infection. Retrovirology 2021; 18:19. [PMID: 34229718 PMCID: PMC8259435 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) form a filamentous array that provide both structural support and a coordinated system for the movement and organization of macromolecular cargos within the cell. As such, they play a critical role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, from cell shape and motility to cell polarization and division. The array is radial with filament minus-ends anchored at perinuclear MT-organizing centers and filament plus-ends continuously growing and shrinking to explore and adapt to the intracellular environment. In response to environmental cues, a small subset of these highly dynamic MTs can become stabilized, acquire post-translational modifications and act as specialized tracks for cargo trafficking. MT dynamics and stability are regulated by a subset of highly specialized MT plus-end tracking proteins, known as +TIPs. Central to this is the end-binding (EB) family of proteins which specifically recognize and track growing MT plus-ends to both regulate MT polymerization directly and to mediate the accumulation of a diverse array of other +TIPs at MT ends. Moreover, interaction of EB1 and +TIPs with actin-MT cross-linking factors coordinate changes in actin and MT dynamics at the cell periphery, as well as during the transition of cargos from one network to the other. The inherent structural polarity of MTs is sensed by specialized motor proteins. In general, dynein directs trafficking of cargos towards the minus-end while most kinesins direct movement toward the plus-end. As a pathogenic cargo, HIV-1 uses the actin cytoskeleton for short-range transport most frequently at the cell periphery during entry before transiting to MTs for long-range transport to reach the nucleus. While the fundamental importance of MT networks to HIV-1 replication has long been known, recent work has begun to reveal the underlying mechanistic details by which HIV-1 engages MTs after entry into the cell. This includes mimicry of EB1 by capsid (CA) and adaptor-mediated engagement of dynein and kinesin motors to elegantly coordinate early steps in infection that include MT stabilization, uncoating (conical CA disassembly) and virus transport toward the nucleus. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of how MT regulators and their associated motors are exploited by incoming HIV-1 capsid during early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Lim ZQ, Ng QY, Oo Y, Chu JJH, Ng SY, Sze SK, Alonso S. Enterovirus-A71 exploits peripherin and Rac1 to invade the central nervous system. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51777. [PMID: 33871166 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) has been associated with severe neurological forms of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). EV-A71 infects motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) to invade the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigate the role of peripherin (PRPH) during EV-A71 infection, a type III intermediate neurofilament involved in neurodegenerative conditions. In mice infected with EV-A71, PRPH co-localizes with viral particles in the muscles at NMJs and in the spinal cord. In motor neuron-like and neuroblastoma cell lines, surface-expressed PRPH facilitates viral entry, while intracellular PRPH influences viral genome replication through interactions with structural and non-structural viral components. Importantly, PRPH does not play a role during infection with coxsackievirus A16, another causative agent of HFMD rarely associated with neurological complications, suggesting that EV-A71 ability to exploit PRPH represents a unique attribute for successful CNS invasion. Finally, we show that EV-A71 also exploits some of the many PRPH-interacting partners. Of these, small GTP-binding protein Rac1 represents a potential druggable host target to limit neuroinvasion of EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin Lim
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Yong Ng
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukei Oo
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Services Core Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Wu J, Gu J, Shen L, Jia X, Yin Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Mao L. The role of host cell Rab GTPases in influenza A virus infections. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:445-452. [PMID: 33847136 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a crucial cause of respiratory infections in humans worldwide. Therefore, studies should clarify adaptation mechanisms of IAV and critical factors of the viral pathogenesis in human hosts. GTPases of the Rab family are the largest branch of the Ras-like small GTPase superfamily, and they regulate almost every step during vesicle-mediated trafficking. Evidence has shown that Rab proteins participate in the lifecycle of IAV. In this mini-review, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of different Rab proteins in the lifecycle of IAV. Understanding the role of Rab proteins in IAV infections is important to develop broad-spectrum host-targeted antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiqian Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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25
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26
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Zhang Y, Wen Z, Shi X, Liu YJ, Eriksson JE, Jiu Y. The diverse roles and dynamic rearrangement of vimentin during viral infection. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:134/5/jcs250597. [PMID: 33154171 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics caused by viral infections pose a significant global threat. Cytoskeletal vimentin is a major intermediate filament (IF) protein, and is involved in numerous functions, including cell signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, intracellular organization and cell migration. Vimentin has important roles for the life cycle of particular viruses; it can act as a co-receptor to enable effective virus invasion and guide efficient transport of the virus to the replication site. Furthermore, vimentin has been shown to rearrange into cage-like structures that facilitate virus replication, and to recruit viral components to the location of assembly and egress. Surprisingly, vimentin can also inhibit virus entry or egress, as well as participate in host-cell defense. Although vimentin can facilitate viral infection, how this function is regulated is still poorly understood. In particular, information is lacking on its interaction sites, regulation of expression, post-translational modifications and cooperation with other host factors. This Review recapitulates the different functions of vimentin in the virus life cycle and discusses how they influence host-cell tropism, virulence of the pathogens and the consequent pathological outcomes. These insights into vimentin-virus interactions emphasize the importance of cytoskeletal functions in viral cell biology and their potential for the identification of novel antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Schneider SM, Lee BH, Nicola AV. Viral entry and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13276. [PMID: 33037857 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses confiscate cellular components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to facilitate many aspects of the infectious cycle. The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent, multisubunit proteolytic machine present in all eukaryotic cells. The proteasome executes the controlled degradation of functional proteins, as well as the hydrolysis of aberrantly folded polypeptides. There is growing evidence for the role of the UPS in viral entry. The UPS assists in several steps of the initiation of infection, including endosomal escape of the entering virion, intracellular transport of incoming nucleocapsids and uncoating of the viral genome. Inhibitors of proteasome activity, including MG132, epoxomicin, lactacystin and bortezomib have been integral to developments in this area. Here, we review the mechanistic details of UPS involvement in the entry process of viruses from a multitude of families. The possibility of proteasome inhibitors as therapeutic antiviral agents is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Schneider
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Becky H Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony V Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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28
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S Mogre S, Brown AI, Koslover EF. Getting around the cell: physical transport in the intracellular world. Phys Biol 2020; 17:061003. [PMID: 32663814 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aba5e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells face the challenging task of transporting a variety of particles through the complex intracellular milieu in order to deliver, distribute, and mix the many components that support cell function. In this review, we explore the biological objectives and physical mechanisms of intracellular transport. Our focus is on cytoplasmic and intra-organelle transport at the whole-cell scale. We outline several key biological functions that depend on physically transporting components across the cell, including the delivery of secreted proteins, support of cell growth and repair, propagation of intracellular signals, establishment of organelle contacts, and spatial organization of metabolic gradients. We then review the three primary physical modes of transport in eukaryotic cells: diffusive motion, motor-driven transport, and advection by cytoplasmic flow. For each mechanism, we identify the main factors that determine speed and directionality. We also highlight the efficiency of each transport mode in fulfilling various key objectives of transport, such as particle mixing, directed delivery, and rapid target search. Taken together, the interplay of diffusion, molecular motors, and flows supports the intracellular transport needs that underlie a broad variety of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Mogre
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States of America
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29
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Li D, Zhang C, Tong Z, Su D, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhao H, Hu Z. Transcriptome response comparison between vector and non-vector aphids after feeding on virus-infected wheat plants. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:638. [PMID: 32933469 PMCID: PMC7493910 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant viruses maintain intricate interactions with their vector and non-vector insects and can impact the fitness of insects. However, the details of their molecular and cellular mechanisms have not been studied well. We compared the transcriptome-level responses in vector and non-vector aphids (Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi, respectively) after feeding on wheat plants with viral infections (Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), respectively). We conducted differentially expressed gene (DEG) annotation analyses and observed DEGs related to immune pathway, growth, development, and reproduction. And we conducted cloning and bioinformatic analyses of the key DEG involved in immune. RESULTS For all differentially expressed gene analyses, the numbers of DEGs related to immune, growth, development, reproduction and cuticle were higher in vector aphids than in non-vector aphids. STAT5B (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B), which is involved in the JAK-STAT pathway, was upregulated in R. padi exposed to WDV. The cloning and bioinformatic results indicated that the RpSTAT5B sequence contains a 2082 bp ORF encoding 693 amino acids. The protein molecular weight is 79.1 kD and pI is 8.13. Analysis indicated that RpSTAT5B is a non-transmembrane protein and a non-secreted protein. Homology and evolutionary analysis indicated that RpSTAT5B was closely related to R. maidis. CONCLUSIONS Unigene expression analysis showed that the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the vector aphids was higher than that in the non-vector aphids. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs related to immunity, growth and reproduction in vector aphids were higher than those in non-vector aphids, and the differentially expressed genes related to immune were up-regulated. This study provides a basis for the evaluation of the response mechanisms of vector/non-vector insects to plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zeqian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre/Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shize Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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30
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Hu J, Zhang L, Liu X. Role of Post-translational Modifications in Influenza A Virus Life Cycle and Host Innate Immune Response. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:517461. [PMID: 33013775 PMCID: PMC7498822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.517461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout various stages of its life cycle, influenza A virus relies heavily on host cellular machinery, including the post-translational modifications (PTMs) system. During infection, influenza virus interacts extensively with the cellular PTMs system to aid in its successful infection and dissemination. The complex interplay between viruses and the PTMs system induces global changes in PTMs of the host proteome as well as modifications of specific host or viral proteins. The most common PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, methylation, NEDDylation, and glycosylation. Many PTMs directly support influenza virus infection, whereas others contribute to modulating antiviral responses. In this review, we describe current knowledge regarding the role of PTMs in different stages of the influenza virus replication cycle. We also discuss the concerted role of PTMs in antagonizing host antiviral responses, with an emphasis on their impact on viral pathogenicity and host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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31
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Hao JH, Kong HJ, Yan MH, Shen CC, Xu GW, Zhang DJ, Zhang KS, Zheng HX, Liu XT. Inhibition of orf virus replication in goat skin fibroblast cells by the HSPA1B protein, as demonstrated by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome analysis. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2561-2587. [PMID: 32876795 PMCID: PMC7465882 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) infects sheep and goat tissues, resulting in severe proliferative lesions. To analyze cellular protein expression in ORFV-infected goat skin fibroblast (GSF) cells, we used two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The proteomics approach was used along with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect differentially expressed proteins in ORFV-infected GSF cells and mock-infected GSF cells. A total of 282 differentially expressed proteins were identified. It was found that 222 host proteins were upregulated and 60 were downregulated following viral infection. We confirmed that these proteins were differentially expressed and found that heat shock 70-kDa protein 1B (HSPA1B) was differentially expressed and localized in the cytoplasm. It was also noted that HSPA1B caused inhibition of viral proliferation, in the middle and late stages of viral infection. The differentially expressed proteins were associated with the biological processes of viral binding, cell structure, signal transduction, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Jin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 1, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Hoornweg TE, Bouma EM, van de Pol DP, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA, Smit JM. Chikungunya virus requires an intact microtubule network for efficient viral genome delivery. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008469. [PMID: 32764759 PMCID: PMC7413472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus, which has rapidly spread around the globe thereby causing millions of infections. CHIKV is an enveloped virus belonging to the Togaviridae family and enters its host cell primarily via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Upon internalization, the endocytic vesicle containing the virus particle moves through the cell and delivers the virus to early endosomes where membrane fusion is observed. Thereafter, the nucleocapsid dissociates and the viral RNA is translated into proteins. In this study, we examined the importance of the microtubule network during the early steps of infection and dissected the intracellular trafficking behavior of CHIKV particles during cell entry. We observed two distinct CHIKV intracellular trafficking patterns prior to membrane hemifusion. Whereas half of the CHIKV virions remained static during cell entry and fused in the cell periphery, the other half showed fast-directed microtubule-dependent movement prior to delivery to Rab5-positive early endosomes and predominantly fused in the perinuclear region of the cell. Disruption of the microtubule network reduced the number of infected cells. At these conditions, membrane hemifusion activity was not affected yet fusion was restricted to the cell periphery. Furthermore, follow-up experiments revealed that disruption of the microtubule network impairs the delivery of the viral genome to the cell cytosol. We therefore hypothesize that microtubules may direct the particle to a cellular location that is beneficial for establishing infection or aids in nucleocapsid uncoating. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. Disease symptoms can include fever, rash, myalgia, and long-lasting debilitating joint pains. Unfortunately, there is currently no licensed vaccine or antiviral treatment available to combat CHIKV. Understanding the virus:host interactions during the replication cycle of the virus is crucial for the development of effective antiviral therapies. In this study we elucidated the trafficking behavior of CHIKV particles early in infection. During cell entry, CHIKV virions require an intact microtubule network for efficient delivery of the viral genome into the host cell thereby increasing the chance to productively infect a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha E. Hoornweg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M. Bouma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise P.I. van de Pol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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33
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Bouhaddou M, Memon D, Meyer B, White KM, Rezelj VV, Correa Marrero M, Polacco BJ, Melnyk JE, Ulferts S, Kaake RM, Batra J, Richards AL, Stevenson E, Gordon DE, Rojc A, Obernier K, Fabius JM, Soucheray M, Miorin L, Moreno E, Koh C, Tran QD, Hardy A, Robinot R, Vallet T, Nilsson-Payant BE, Hernandez-Armenta C, Dunham A, Weigang S, Knerr J, Modak M, Quintero D, Zhou Y, Dugourd A, Valdeolivas A, Patil T, Li Q, Hüttenhain R, Cakir M, Muralidharan M, Kim M, Jang G, Tutuncuoglu B, Hiatt J, Guo JZ, Xu J, Bouhaddou S, Mathy CJP, Gaulton A, Manners EJ, Félix E, Shi Y, Goff M, Lim JK, McBride T, O'Neal MC, Cai Y, Chang JCJ, Broadhurst DJ, Klippsten S, De Wit E, Leach AR, Kortemme T, Shoichet B, Ott M, Saez-Rodriguez J, tenOever BR, Mullins RD, Fischer ER, Kochs G, Grosse R, García-Sastre A, Vignuzzi M, Johnson JR, Shokat KM, Swaney DL, Beltrao P, Krogan NJ. The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell 2020; 182:685-712.e19. [PMID: 32645325 PMCID: PMC7321036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected millions and killed hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, highlighting an urgent need to develop antiviral therapies. Here we present a quantitative mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells, revealing dramatic rewiring of phosphorylation on host and viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 infection promoted casein kinase II (CK2) and p38 MAPK activation, production of diverse cytokines, and shutdown of mitotic kinases, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Infection also stimulated a marked induction of CK2-containing filopodial protrusions possessing budding viral particles. Eighty-seven drugs and compounds were identified by mapping global phosphorylation profiles to dysregulated kinases and pathways. We found pharmacologic inhibition of the p38, CK2, CDK, AXL, and PIKFYVE kinases to possess antiviral efficacy, representing potential COVID-19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bouhaddou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danish Memon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bjoern Meyer
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Miguel Correa Marrero
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Polacco
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James E Melnyk
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Robyn M Kaake
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jyoti Batra
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David E Gordon
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ajda Rojc
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Fabius
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cassandra Koh
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Quang Dinh Tran
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandra Hardy
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Claudia Hernandez-Armenta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alistair Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Julian Knerr
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Maya Modak
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Diego Quintero
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alberto Valdeolivas
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Trupti Patil
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Merve Cakir
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Monita Muralidharan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Jang
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Beril Tutuncuoglu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey Z Guo
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiewei Xu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sophia Bouhaddou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christopher J P Mathy
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Gaulton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma J Manners
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eloy Félix
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ying Shi
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Marisa Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmie De Wit
- NIH/NIAID/Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Andrew R Leach
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Shoichet
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | | | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79008, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79008, Germany; Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
| | - Jeffery R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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34
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Zhang SZ, Zhu LB, Yu D, You LL, Wang J, Cao HH, Liu YX, Wang YL, Kong X, Toufeeq S, Xu JP. Identification and Functional Analysis of BmNPV-Interacting Proteins From Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) Larval Midgut Based on Subcellular Protein Levels. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1481. [PMID: 32695093 PMCID: PMC7338592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen causing severe economic loss. However, the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV and the interactions of this virus with the host during infection remain largely unclear. To explore the virus-binding proteins of silkworms, the midgut subcellular component proteins that may interact with BmNPV were analyzed in vitro based on one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and far-western blotting combined with mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 24 proteins were determined to be specifically bound to budded viruses (BVs) in two subcellular fractions (mitochondria and microsomes). These proteins were involved in viral transportation, energy metabolism, apoptosis and viral propagation, and they responded to BmNPV infection with different expression profiles in different resistant strains. In particular, almost all the identified proteins were downregulated in the A35 strain following BmNPV infection. Interestingly, there were no virus-binding proteins identified in the cytosolic fraction of the silkworm midgut. Two candidate proteins, RACK1 and VDAC2, interacted with BVs, as determined with far-western blotting and reverse far-western blotting. We speculated that the proteins interacting with the virus could either enhance or inhibit the infection of the virus. The data provide comprehensive useful information for further research on the interaction of the host with BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ling You
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Hua Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Xue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Shahzad Toufeeq
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
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Cho YB, Hong S, Kang KW, Kang JH, Lee SM, Seo YJ. Selective and ATP-competitive kinesin KIF18A inhibitor suppresses the replication of influenza A virus. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5463-5475. [PMID: 32253833 PMCID: PMC7214149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is one of the major public health threats. However, the development of efficient vaccines and therapeutic drugs to combat this virus is greatly limited by its frequent genetic mutations. Because of this, targeting the host factors required for influenza virus replication may be a more effective strategy for inhibiting a broader spectrum of variants. Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of a motor protein kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A) suppresses the replication of the influenza A virus (IAV). The expression of KIF18A in host cells was increased following IAV infection. Intriguingly, treatment with the selective and ATP‐competitive mitotic kinesin KIF18A inhibitor BTB‐1 substantially decreased the expression of viral RNAs and proteins, and the production of infectious viral particles, while overexpression of KIF18A enhanced the replication of IAV. Importantly, BTB‐1 treatment attenuated the activation of AKT, p38 MAPK, SAPK and Ran‐binding protein 3 (RanBP3), which led to the prevention of the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. Notably, administration of BTB‐1 greatly improved the viability of IAV‐infected mice. Collectively, our results unveiled a beneficial role of KIF18A in IAV replication, and thus, KIF18A could be a potential therapeutic target for the control of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Cho
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungguan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Kang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Microtubules in Influenza Virus Entry and Egress. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010117. [PMID: 31963544 PMCID: PMC7020094 DOI: 10.3390/v12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that represent a significant threat to public health, despite the large-scale implementation of vaccination programs. It is necessary to understand the detailed and complex interactions between influenza virus and its host cells in order to identify successful strategies for therapeutic intervention. During viral entry, the cellular microenvironment presents invading pathogens with a series of obstacles that must be overcome to infect permissive cells. Influenza hijacks numerous host cell proteins and associated biological pathways during its journey into the cell, responding to environmental cues in order to successfully replicate. The cellular cytoskeleton and its constituent microtubules represent a heavily exploited network during viral infection. Cytoskeletal filaments provide a dynamic scaffold for subcellular viral trafficking, as well as virus-host interactions with cellular machineries that are essential for efficient uncoating, replication, and egress. In addition, influenza virus infection results in structural changes in the microtubule network, which itself has consequences for viral replication. Microtubules, their functional roles in normal cell biology, and their exploitation by influenza viruses will be the focus of this review.
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Abstract
The human betaherpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV; species Human betaherpesvirus 5) and human herpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7 (HHV-6A, -6B, and -7; species Human betaherpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7) are highly prevalent and can cause severe disease in immune-compromised and immune-naive populations in well- and under-developed communities. Herpesvirus virion assembly is an intricate process that requires viral orchestration of host systems. In this review, we describe recent advances in some of the many cellular events relevant to assembly and egress of betaherpesvirus virions. These include modifications of host metabolic, immune, and autophagic/recycling systems. In addition, we discuss unique aspects of betaherpesvirus virion structure, virion assembly, and the cellular pathways employed during virion egress.
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38
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Singh BK, Pfaller CK, Cattaneo R, Sinn PL. Measles Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Rapidly Spread across Well-Differentiated Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells along F-Actin Rings. mBio 2019; 10:e02434-19. [PMID: 31772054 PMCID: PMC6879720 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02434-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious human pathogen that continues to be a worldwide health burden. One of the challenges for the study of MeV spread is the identification of model systems that accurately reflect how MeV behaves in humans. For our studies, we use unpassaged, well-differentiated primary cultures of airway epithelial cells from human donor lungs to examine MeV infection and spread. Here, we show that the main components of the MeV ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), the nucleocapsid and phosphoprotein, colocalize with the apical and circumapical F-actin networks. To better understand how MeV infections spread across the airway epithelium, we generated a recombinant virus incorporating chimeric fluorescent proteins in its RNP complex. By live cell imaging, we observed rapid movement of RNPs along the circumapical F-actin rings of newly infected cells. This strikingly rapid mechanism of horizontal trafficking across epithelia is consistent with the opening of pores between columnar cells by the viral membrane fusion apparatus. Our work provides mechanistic insights into how MeV rapidly spreads through airway epithelial cells, contributing to its extremely contagious nature.IMPORTANCE The ability of viral particles to directly spread cell to cell within the airways without particle release is considered to be highly advantageous to many respiratory viruses. Our previous studies in well-differentiated, primary human airway epithelial cells suggest that measles virus (MeV) spreads cell to cell by eliciting the formation of intercellular membrane pores. Based on a newly generated ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) "tracker" virus, we document by live-cell microscopy that MeV RNPs move along F-actin rings before entering a new cell. Thus, rather than diffusing through the cytoplasm of a newly infected columnar cell, RNPs take advantage of the cytoskeletal infrastructure to rapidly spread laterally across the human airway epithelium. This results in rapid horizontal spread through the epithelium that does not require particle release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh K Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Langen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick L Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Anderson SJ, Matsuda C, Garamella J, Peddireddy KR, Robertson-Anderson RM, McGorty R. Filament Rigidity Vies with Mesh Size in Determining Anomalous Diffusion in Cytoskeleton. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4380-4388. [PMID: 31687803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of microscopic particles through the cell, important to processes such as viral infection, gene delivery, and vesicle transport, is largely controlled by the complex cytoskeletal network, comprised of semiflexible actin filaments and rigid microtubules, that pervades the cytoplasm. By varying the relative concentrations of actin and microtubules, the cytoskeleton can display a host of different structural and dynamic properties that, in turn, impact the diffusion of particles through the composite network. Here, we couple single-particle tracking with differential dynamic microscopy to characterize the transport of microsphere tracers diffusing through composite in vitro networks with varying ratios of actin and microtubules. We analyze multiple complementary metrics for anomalous transport to show that particles exhibit anomalous subdiffusion in all networks, which our data suggest arises from caging by networks. Further, subdiffusive characteristics are markedly more pronounced in actin-rich networks, which exhibit similarly more prominent viscoelastic properties compared to microtubule-rich composites. While the smaller mesh size of actin-rich composites compared to microtubule-rich composites plays an important role in these results, the rigidity of the filaments comprising the network also influences the anomalous characteristics that we observe. Our results suggest that as microtubules in our composites are replaced with actin filaments, the decreasing filament rigidity competes with increasing network connectivity to drive anomalous transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylas J Anderson
- Department of Physics and Biophysics , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
| | - Christelle Matsuda
- Department of Physics and Biophysics , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
| | - Jonathan Garamella
- Department of Physics and Biophysics , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
| | - Karthik Reddy Peddireddy
- Department of Physics and Biophysics , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
| | - Rae M Robertson-Anderson
- Department of Physics and Biophysics , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
| | - Ryan McGorty
- Department of Physics and Biophysics , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
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40
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Li D, Su D, Tong Z, Zhang C, Zhang G, Zhao H, Hu Z. Virus-Dependent and -Independent Responses of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) Feeding on Wheat Infected by Transmitted and Nontransmitted Viruses at Transcriptomic Level. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2067-2076. [PMID: 31218343 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most plant viruses maintain complex interactions with their vector or nonvector insects and can indirectly (via host plants) or directly affect the fitness of insects. However, little is known about the genes involved in the interactions between insects and transmitted or nontransmitted viruses, particularly nontransmitted viruses. Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is a vector of barley yellow dwarf virus GAV strains (BYDV-GAV), but not a vector of wheat dwarf virus (WDV), which is transmitted by the leafhopper [Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom)]. In this study, S. avenae was utilized to determine the transcriptomic responses after feeding on wheat infected by each of the two viruses, respectively, using an Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform. The transcriptomic data presented 61,508 genes, of which 854 differentially expressed. Moreover, in addition to sharing 208 genes, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. avenae exposed to BYDV was higher (800) than that when exposed to WDV (262). The DEGs related to the immune system and fitness of S. avenae in response to BYDV-/WDV-infected plants were identified and analyzed using Gene Ontologies (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the number of related DEGs was lower as nonvector than as vector. This study provides the baseline information to further examine molecular mechanisms of how wheat viruses affect S. avenae fitness and immune response either as a vector for BYDV-GAV or as a nonvector for WDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeqian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre/Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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41
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Greber UF. Editorial: Physical Virology and the Nature of Virus Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1215:1-11. [PMID: 31317493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14741-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus particles, 'virions', range in size from nano-scale to micro-scale. They have many different shapes and are composed of proteins, sugars, nucleic acids, lipids, water and solutes. Virions are autonomous entities and affect all forms of life in a parasitic relationship. They infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The physical properties of virions are tuned to the way they interact with cells. When virions interact with cells, they gain huge complexity and give rise to an infected cell, also known as 'virus'. Virion-cell interactions entail the processes of entry, replication and assembly, as well as egress from the infected cell. Collectively, these steps can result in progeny virions, which is a productive infection, or in silencing of the virus, an abortive or latent infection. This book explores facets of the physical nature of virions and viruses and the impact of mechanical properties on infection processes at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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42
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Li F, Song X, Su G, Wang Y, Wang Z, Jia J, Qing S, Huang L, Wang Y, Zheng K, Wang Y. Amentoflavone Inhibits HSV-1 and ACV-Resistant Strain Infection by Suppressing Viral Early Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:E466. [PMID: 31121928 PMCID: PMC6563227 DOI: 10.3390/v11050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) induces severe clinical disorders, such as herpes simplex encephalitis and keratitis. Acyclovir (ACV) is the current therapeutic drug against viral infection and ACV-resistant strains have gradually emerged, leading to the requirement for novel antiviral agents. In this study, we exhibited the antiviral activity of amentoflavone, a naturally occurring biflavonoid, toward HSV-1 and ACV-resistant strains. Amentoflavone significantly inhibited infection of HSV-1 (F strain), as well as several ACV-resistant strains including HSV-1/106, HSV-1/153 and HSV-1/Blue at high concentrations. Time-of-drug-addition assay further revealed that amentoflavone mainly impaired HSV-1 early infection. More detailed study demonstrated that amentoflavone affected cofilin-mediated F-actin reorganization and reduced the intracellular transportation of HSV-1 from the cell membrane to the nucleus. In addition, amentoflavone substantially decreased transcription of viral immediate early genes. Collectively, amentoflavone showed strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 and ACV-resistant strains, and amentoflavone could be a promising therapeutic candidate for HSV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guifeng Su
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiaoyan Jia
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shurong Qing
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lianzhou Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Wang XY, Shao ZM, Chen QY, Xu JP, Sun X, Xu ZP, Li MW, Wu YC. Knockdown of BmTCP-1β Delays BmNPV Infection in vitro. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:578. [PMID: 30967853 PMCID: PMC6439466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection remains unclear. The chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) is essential for the folding of tubulin and actin to produce stable and functional competent protein conformation. However, little is known about this protein in silkworm. In the present study, a gene encoding the TCP-1β protein in silkworm was characterized, which has an open reading fragment of 1,611 bp encoding a predicted 536 amino acid residue-protein with a molecular weight of approximately 57.6 kDa containing a Cpn60_TCP1 functional domain. The sequence conservation is 81.52%. The highest level of BmTCP-1β mRNA expression was found in the midgut, while the lowest was in the hemolymph. To further study the function of BmTCP-1β, expression was knocked down with siRNA in vitro, resulting in significant downregulation of the selected cytoskeletal-related genes, actin and tubulin, which was also confirmed by overexpression of BmTCP-1β in BmN cells using the pIZT/V5-His-mCherry insect vector. Moreover, knockdown of BmTCP-1β significantly prolonged the infection process of BmNPV in BmN cells, which was also verified by overexpression of BmTCP-1β in BmN cells. Based on the results of the present study, we concluded that BmTCP-1β plays a vital role in BmNPV infection by regulating the expression of tubulin and actin. Taken together, our work provides valuable data for the clarification of the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zuo-Min Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian-Ying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Ping Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang-Chun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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The C Terminus of Rotavirus VP4 Protein Contains an Actin Binding Domain Which Requires Cooperation with the Coiled-Coil Domain for Actin Remodeling. J Virol 2018; 93:JVI.01598-18. [PMID: 30333172 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01598-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between viruses and actin cytoskeleton have been widely studied. We showed that rotaviruses remodel microfilaments in intestinal cells and demonstrated that this was due to the VP4 spike protein. Microfilaments mainly occur in the apical domain of infected polarized enterocytes and favor the polarized apical exit of viral progeny. The present work aims at the identification of molecular determinants of actin-VP4 interactions. We used various deletion mutants of VP4 that were transfected into Cos-7 cells and analyzed interactions by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. It has been established that the C-terminal part of VP4 is embedded within viral particles when rotavirus assembles. The use of specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that VP4 is expressed in different forms in infected cells: classically as spike on the outer layer of virus particles, but also as free soluble protein in the cytosol. The C terminus of free VP4 was identified as interacting with actin microfilaments. The VP4 actin binding domain is unable to promote microfilament remodeling by itself; the coiled-coil domain is also required in this process. This actin-binding domain was shown to dominate a previously identified peroxisomal targeting signal, located in the three last amino acids of VP4. The newly identified actin-binding domain is highly conserved in rotavirus strains from species A, B, and C, suggesting that actin binding and remodeling is a general strategy for rotavirus exit. This provides a novel mechanism of protein-protein interactions, not involving cell signaling pathways, to facilitate rotavirus exit.IMPORTANCE Rotaviruses are causal agents of acute infantile viral diarrhea. In intestinal cells, in vitro as well as in vivo, virus assembly and exit do not imply cell lysis but rely on an active process in which the cytoskeleton plays a major role. We describe here a novel molecular mechanism by which the rotavirus spike protein VP4 drives actin remodeling. This relies on the fact that VP4 occurs in different forms. Besides its structural function within the virion, a large proportion of VP4 is expressed as free protein. Here, we show that free VP4 possesses a functional actin-binding domain. This domain, in coordination with a coiled-coil domain, promotes actin cytoskeleton remodeling, thereby providing the capacity to destabilize the cell membrane and allow efficient rotavirus exit.
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Tang X, Li X, Zhai F, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Analysis and identification of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei infected with WSSV. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:84-91. [PMID: 30098445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in WSSV infection. In the present work, in order to further elucidate the potential role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. The expression variation of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in hemocytes of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after WSSV infection were examined by flow cytometric immunofluorescence assay (FCIFA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and results showed that the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in hemocytes fluctuated significantly after WSSV infection and exhibited two peaks at 6 and 24 h post infection (hpi). Meanwhile, tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in hemocytes after WSSV infection were also detected by cell immunofluorescence, and results showed that the fluorescence intensity in hemocytes was altered with the course of WSSV infection and showed stronger fluorescent signals at 6 and 24 hpi compared to other time points. Furthermore, two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and 2-DE western blotting were applied to identify the differentially expressed tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in hemocytes before and after WSSV infection. The result of 2-DE western blotting showed that there were nine tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in the hemocytes of healthy shrimp, whereas twenty-one tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were detected in the hemocytes of shrimp at 6hpi. Then, the differential tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (MS), and eight of them were identified to be sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha, ubiquitin/ribosomal L40 fusion protein, actin-D, phosphopyruvate hydratase, beta-actin, ATP synthase subunit beta, receptor for activated protein kinase c1 and protein disulfide-isomerase. Moreover, the expression levels of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha, ubiquitin/ribosomal L40 fusion protein, phosphopyruvate hydratase, ATP synthase subunit beta, receptor for activated protein kinase c1 and protein disulfide-isomerase were examined to be up-regulated post WSSV infection by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Taken together, these results demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphorylation was involved in the process of WSSV infection, which might play an important role in the immune response to WSSV infection in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoai Li
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fude Zhai
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Cuartas-López AM, Hernández-Cuellar CE, Gallego-Gómez JC. Disentangling the role of PI3K/Akt, Rho GTPase and the actin cytoskeleton on dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 256:153-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhou J, Scherer J, Yi J, Vallee RB. Role of kinesins in directed adenovirus transport and cytoplasmic exploration. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007055. [PMID: 29782552 PMCID: PMC5983873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses, including adenovirus, exhibit bidirectional transport along microtubules following cell entry. Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for microtubule minus end transport of adenovirus capsids after endosomal escape. However, the identity and roles of the opposing plus end-directed motor(s) remain unknown. We performed an RNAi screen of 38 kinesins, which implicated Kif5B (kinesin-1 family) and additional minor kinesins in adenovirus 5 (Ad5) capsid translocation. Kif5B RNAi markedly increased centrosome accumulation of incoming Ad5 capsids in human A549 pulmonary epithelial cells within the first 30 min post infection, an effect dramatically enhanced by blocking Ad5 nuclear pore targeting using leptomycin B. The Kif5B RNAi phenotype was rescued by expression of RNAi-resistant Kif5A, B, or C, and Kif4A. Kif5B RNAi also inhibited a novel form of microtubule-based “assisted-diffusion” behavior which was apparent between 30 and 60 min p.i. We found the major capsid protein penton base (PB) to recruit kinesin-1, distinct from the hexon role we previously identified for cytoplasmic dynein binding. We propose that adenovirus uses independently recruited kinesin and dynein for directed transport and for a more random microtubule-based assisted diffusion behavior to fully explore the cytoplasm before docking at the nucleus, a mechanism of potential importance for physiological cargoes as well. The role of plus-end directed microtubule motors in virus entry into host cells is a long-standing question. In this study, the authors identify the kinesins responsible for adenovirus plus end-directed transport along microtubules, the mechanism for kinesin recruitment, and both directed and motor-based exploratory movements involved in adenovirus’ search for the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Julian Scherer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Yi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Vallee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Witte R, Andriasyan V, Georgi F, Yakimovich A, Greber UF. Concepts in Light Microscopy of Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E202. [PMID: 29670029 PMCID: PMC5923496 DOI: 10.3390/v10040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses threaten humans, livestock, and plants, and are difficult to combat. Imaging of viruses by light microscopy is key to uncover the nature of known and emerging viruses in the quest for finding new ways to treat viral disease and deepening the understanding of virus–host interactions. Here, we provide an overview of recent technology for imaging cells and viruses by light microscopy, in particular fluorescence microscopy in static and live-cell modes. The review lays out guidelines for how novel fluorescent chemical probes and proteins can be used in light microscopy to illuminate cells, and how they can be used to study virus infections. We discuss advantages and opportunities of confocal and multi-photon microscopy, selective plane illumination microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy. We emphasize the prevalent concepts in image processing and data analyses, and provide an outlook into label-free digital holographic microscopy for virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Witte
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vardan Andriasyan
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Fanny Georgi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Artur Yakimovich
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mao F, Lei J, Enoch O, Wei M, Zhao C, Quan Y, Yu W. Quantitative proteomics of Bombyx mori after BmNPV challenge. J Proteomics 2018; 181:142-151. [PMID: 29674014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The domesticated silkworm is an ideal and economic insect model that plays crucial roles in sericulture and bioreactor. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is not only an infectious pathogen to B. mori, but also an efficient vector expressing recombinant proteins. Although, the proteomics of silkworm and BmN cell membrane lipid raft towards BmNPV infection had been investigated, proteome results of BmN cells upon BmNPV challenge currently remain ambiguous. In order to explore the interaction between silkworm and BmNPV, we analyzed several pivotal processes of BmNPV infected BmN cell by quantitative mass spectrometry. Our study indicated that a total of 4205 identified proteins, among which 4194 were with quantitative level. Concretely, during BmNPV infection, several transcription factors and epigenetically modified proteins showed substantially different abundance levels. Especially, proteins with binding activity, displayed significant changes in their molecular functions. Disabled non-homologous end joining by BmNPV reflects irreversible breakage of DNA. Nevertheless, highly abundant superoxide dismutase suggests that the cellular defense system is persistently functional in maintaining biochemical homeostasis. Our comparative and quantitative proteomics will be helpful to unravel the dynamics of B.mori after BmNPV infection and could provide new insights to decipher the mechanism of interaction between BmN cell and BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Mao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jihai Lei
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Obeng Enoch
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ming Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yanping Quan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040166. [PMID: 29614729 PMCID: PMC5923460 DOI: 10.3390/v10040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function.
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