1
|
Scieszka D, Bolt AM, McCormick MA, Brigman JL, Campen MJ. Aging, longevity, and the role of environmental stressors: a focus on wildfire smoke and air quality. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1267667. [PMID: 37900096 PMCID: PMC10600394 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1267667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple interacting mechanisms and is being increasingly linked to environmental exposures such as wildfire smoke. In this review, we detail the hallmarks of aging, emphasizing the role of telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, genomic instability, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while also exploring integrative hallmarks - altered intercellular communication and stem cell exhaustion. Within each hallmark of aging, our review explores how environmental disasters like wildfires, and their resultant inhaled toxicants, interact with these aging mechanisms. The intersection between aging and environmental exposures, especially high-concentration insults from wildfires, remains under-studied. Preliminary evidence, from our group and others, suggests that inhaled wildfire smoke can accelerate markers of neurological aging and reduce learning capabilities. This is likely mediated by the augmentation of circulatory factors that compromise vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity, induce chronic neuroinflammation, and promote age-associated proteinopathy-related outcomes. Moreover, wildfire smoke may induce a reduced metabolic, senescent cellular phenotype. Future interventions could potentially leverage combined anti-inflammatory and NAD + boosting compounds to counter these effects. This review underscores the critical need to study the intricate interplay between environmental factors and the biological mechanisms of aging to pave the way for effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mark A. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simoes EJ, Ramos LR. The Role of Healthy Diet and Lifestyle in Centenarians. Nutrients 2023; 15:4293. [PMID: 37836577 PMCID: PMC10574171 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy at birth (hereafter, life expectancy) and longevity are established indicators of population health [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. Simoes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics and Medical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Luiz R. Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dos Santos C, Shrestha S, Cottam M, Perkins G, Lev-Ram V, Roy B, Acree C, Kim KY, Deerinck T, Cutler M, Dean D, Cartailler JP, MacDonald PE, Hetzer M, Ellisman M, E Drigo RA. Caloric restriction promotes beta cell longevity and delays aging and senescence by enhancing cell identity and homeostasis mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554369. [PMID: 37662336 PMCID: PMC10473730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) extends organismal lifespan and health span by improving glucose homeostasis mechanisms. How CR affects organellar structure and function of pancreatic beta cells over the lifetime of the animal remains unknown. Here, we used single nucleus transcriptomics to show that CR increases the expression of genes for beta cell identity, protein processing, and organelle homeostasis. Gene regulatory network analysis link this transcriptional phenotype to transcription factors involved in beta cell identity (Mafa) and homeostasis (Atf6). Imaging metabolomics further demonstrates that CR beta cells are more energetically competent. In fact, high-resolution light and electron microscopy indicates that CR reduces beta cell mitophagy and increases mitochondria mass, increasing mitochondrial ATP generation. Finally, we show that long-term CR delays the onset of beta cell aging and senescence to promote longevity by reducing beta cell turnover. Therefore, CR could be a feasible approach to preserve compromised beta cells during aging and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Matthew Cottam
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Imaging and Microscopy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Varda Lev-Ram
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine. La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Birbickram Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christopher Acree
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Imaging and Microscopy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Thomas Deerinck
- National Center for Imaging and Microscopy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Melanie Cutler
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Danielle Dean
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Hetzer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Ellisman
- National Center for Imaging and Microscopy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maudsley S, Schrauwen C, Harputluoğlu İ, Walter D, Leysen H, McDonald P. GPR19 Coordinates Multiple Molecular Aspects of Stress Responses Associated with the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108499. [PMID: 37239845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a significant role in controlling biological paradigms such as aging and aging-related disease. We have previously identified receptor signaling systems that are specifically associated with controlling molecular pathologies associated with the aging process. Here, we have identified a pseudo-orphan GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor 19 (GPR19), that is sensitive to many molecular aspects of the aging process. Through an in-depth molecular investigation process that involved proteomic, molecular biological, and advanced informatic experimentation, this study found that the functionality of GPR19 is specifically linked to sensory, protective, and remedial signaling systems associated with aging-related pathology. This study suggests that the activity of this receptor may play a role in mitigating the effects of aging-related pathology by promoting protective and remedial signaling systems. GPR19 expression variation demonstrates variability in the molecular activity in this larger process. At low expression levels in HEK293 cells, GPR19 expression regulates signaling paradigms linked with stress responses and metabolic responses to these. At higher expression levels, GPR19 expression co-regulates systems involved in sensing and repairing DNA damage, while at the highest levels of GPR19 expression, a functional link to processes of cellular senescence is seen. In this manner, GPR19 may function as a coordinator of aging-associated metabolic dysfunction, stress response, DNA integrity management, and eventual senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Claudia Schrauwen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Metabolism & Physiology, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. Research & Development, 2445 Technology Forest, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Revelas M, Thalamuthu A, Zettergren A, Oldmeadow C, Najar J, Seidu NM, Armstrong NJ, Riveros C, Kwok JB, Schofield PR, Trollor JN, Waern M, Wright MJ, Zetterberg H, Ames D, Belnnow K, Brodaty H, Scott RJ, Skoog I, Attia JR, Sachdev PS, Mather KA. High polygenic risk score for exceptional longevity is associated with a healthy metabolic profile. GeroScience 2023; 45:399-413. [PMID: 35972662 PMCID: PMC9886704 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy metabolic measures in humans are associated with longevity. Dysregulation leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and negative health outcomes. Recent exceptional longevity (EL) genome wide association studies have facilitated estimation of an individual's polygenic risk score (PRS) for EL. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with high ELPRS have a low prevalence of MetS. Participants were from five cohorts of middle-aged to older adults. The primary analyses were performed in the UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 407,800, 40-69 years). Replication analyses were undertaken using three Australian studies: Hunter Community Study (n = 2122, 55-85 years), Older Australian Twins Study (n = 539, 65-90 years) and Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (n = 925, 70-90 years), as well as the Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (n = 2273, 70-93 years). MetS was defined using established criteria. Regressions and meta-analyses were performed with the ELPRS and MetS and its components. Generally, MetS prevalence (22-30%) was higher in the older cohorts. In the UKBB, high EL polygenic risk was associated with lower MetS prevalence (OR = 0.94, p = 1.84 × 10-42) and its components (p < 2.30 × 10-8). Meta-analyses of the replication cohorts showed nominal associations with MetS (p = 0.028) and 3 MetS components (p < 0.05). This work suggests individuals with a high polygenic risk for EL have a healthy metabolic profile promoting longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Revelas
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jenna Najar
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nazib M Seidu
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaj Belnnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balashova E, Trifonova O, Maslov D, Lichtenberg S, Lokhov P, Archakov A. Metabolome profiling in the study of aging processes. BIOMEDITSINSKAYA KHIMIYA 2022; 68:321-338. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226805321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging of a living organism is closely related to systemic metabolic changes. But due to the multilevel and network nature of metabolic pathways, it is difficult to understand these connections. Today, this problem is solved using one of the main approaches of metabolomics — untargeted metabolome profiling. The purpose of this publication is to systematize the results of metabolomic studies based on such profiling, both in animal models and in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.L. Maslov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - P.G. Lokhov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balashova EE, Maslov DL, Trifonova OP, Lokhov PG, Archakov AI. Metabolome Profiling in Aging Studies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1570. [PMID: 36358271 PMCID: PMC9687709 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Organism aging is closely related to systemic metabolic changes. However, due to the multilevel and network nature of metabolic pathways, it is difficult to understand these connections. Today, scientists are trying to solve this problem using one of the main approaches of metabolomics-untargeted metabolome profiling. The purpose of this publication is to review metabolomic studies based on such profiling, both in animal models and in humans. This review describes metabolites that vary significantly across age groups and include carbohydrates, amino acids, carnitines, biogenic amines, and lipids. Metabolic pathways associated with the aging process are also shown, including those associated with amino acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. The presented data reveal the mechanisms of aging and can be used as a basis for monitoring biological age and predicting age-related diseases in the early stages of their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Balashova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aliberti SM, Funk RHW, Schiavo L, Giudice A, Ciaglia E, Puca AA, Gonnella J, Capunzo M. Clinical Status, Nutritional Behavior, and Lifestyle, and Determinants of Community Well-Being of Patients from the Perspective of Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young Older Adults, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Salerno and Province, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173665. [PMID: 36079922 PMCID: PMC9459717 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society. Biomedical research has shown that aging is the major risk factor for many diseases, so to find the right answers to aging it is necessary to identify factors that can positively influence longevity. This study investigated the clinical status, nutritional behavior, lifestyle, and social and community determinants of the well-being of young older adults and nonagenarians/centenarians in Salerno and province through the judgment of their physicians. Data were collected through an online survey. Multivariate Poisson and logistic regression models were used to calculate significant predictors of the outcomes of interest. The interesting finding was that cardiovascular disease was a risk factor for young older adults, while it was a protective factor for nonagenarians/centenarians, meaning that as age increased, heart problems tended to decrease. Certain foods were found to be a significant protective factor for both young older adult and nonagenarian-centenarian patients. In addition, psychosomatic disorders were found to be determinant for the young older adults, while depression was a risk factor for the nonagenarians/centenarians because they were not always gratified by their long lives and often felt like a burden on the family. The protective significant variable among the determinants of community well-being for both young older adults and nonagenarians/centenarians was the retention of honorary achievement. Based on our results, we are able to support the hypothesis of a difference between the young older adults and the nonagenarians/centenarians in clinical status, nutritional behaviors, lifestyle, and determinants of community well-being. However, societies need more social and educational programs that are able to build "a new idea of old age" by improving and supporting the young older adults and the nonagenarians/centenarians, with the goal of intergenerational solidarity, well-being, and social inclusion, as well as preventive interventions on lifestyles and nutrition, which will allow us to provide a new key to understanding aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mirella Aliberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-965227
| | - Richard H. W. Funk
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Anatomy, University of Technology (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)—“Fond. G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph Gonnella
- Center for Medical Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Complex Operational Unit Health Hygiene, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genetic Susceptibility to Insulin Resistance and Its Association with Estimated Longevity in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071703. [PMID: 35885008 PMCID: PMC9313401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with a wide range of prevalence among different ethnic groups. Early recognition of pre-diabetes is important to prevent the development of the disease, its complications, co-morbidities, and consequently early death. Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a condition that precedes type 2 diabetes; thus, understanding its underlying causes (genetic and non-genetic factors) will bring us closer to preventing it. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic susceptibility to IR and its impact on estimated longevity in populations with different ethnic origins using randomly selected samples of 372 Hungarian general (HG, as a reference with Caucasian origin) and 334 Roma participants (largest ethnic minority in Europe, with a northern India origin). In the present study, we used the Homeostasis Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance (HOMA—IR) to identify people with IR (>3.63) at the population level. To investigate the genetic predisposition to IR, 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a systematic literature search were selected and genotyped in sample populations. In the analyses, the adjusted p < 0.0033 was considered significant. Of these 29 SNPs, the commutative effects of 15 SNPs showing the strongest association with HOMA—IR were used to calculate an optimized genetic risk score (oGRS). The oGRS was found nominally significantly (p = 0.019) higher in the Roma population compared to HG one, and it was more strongly correlated with HOMA—IR. Therefore, it can be considered as a stronger predictor of the presence of IR among the Roma (AUCRoma = 0.673 vs. AUCHG = 0.528). Furthermore, oGRS also showed a significant correlation with reduced estimated longevity in the Roma population (β = −0.724, 95% CI: −1.230−−0.218; p = 0.005), but not in the HG one (β = 0.065, 95% CI: −0.388−0.518; p = 0.779). Overall, IR shows a strong correlation with a genetic predisposition among Roma, but not in the HG population. Furthermore, the increased genetic risk of Roma is associated with shorter estimated longevity, whereas this association is not observed in the HG one. Increased genetic susceptibility of Roma to IR should be considered in preventive programs targeting the development of type 2 diabetes, which may also reduce the risk of preventable premature death among them.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ji SH, Dong C, Chen R, Shen CC, Xiao J, Gu YJ, Gao JL. Effects of Variability in Glycemic Indices on Longevity in Chinese Centenarians. Front Nutr 2022; 9:955101. [PMID: 35879983 PMCID: PMC9307500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.955101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large fluctuations in blood glucose levels greatly impact the health and life span of elderly individuals. This study describes the characteristics of variability in glycemic indices in centenarians with the aim of emphasizing the importance of glycemic variability in elderly people. Methods We recruited individuals from Rugao City, Jiangsu Province, China from April 2020 to May 2021. The study cohort included 60 centenarians and 60 first-generation offspring, as well as 20 randomly selected non-cohabitant control individuals aged 60–80 years. A FreeStyle Libre H (hospital version) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device (Abbott Ireland UK) was used to measure glycemic variability. The indices measured included the time in target glucose range (TIR), time below target glucose range (TBR), time above target glucose range (TAR), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences (MODD), coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), continuous overlapping net glycemic action (CONGA), glucose management indicator (GMI) and estimated glycated hemoglobin (eHbA1c). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between glycemic variability and longevity. Results Mean blood glucose (MBG), eHbA1c, GMI, mean fasting plasma glucose (M-FPG) and CONGA were lower in the centenarian group (p all < 0.05). PPGE-2 was higher in the control group than that measured in the centenarian and first-generation offspring groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in MAGE, MODD, MAG, or TIR (p > 0.05). The risk of not achieving longevity increased with each one unit increase in MBG by 126% [2.26 (1.05–4.91)], eHbA1c by 67% [1.67 (1.03–2.72)], GMI by 568% [6.68 (1.11–40.30)], M-FPG by 365% [4.65 (1.57–13.75)], M-PPG1h by 98% [1.98 (1.18–3.31)], CONGA1 by 102% [2.02 (1.01–4.06)], Li by 200% [3.00 (1.04–8.61)], and PPGE-2 by 150% [2.50 (1.39–4.50)]. However, the risk of achieving longevity decreased with each unit increase of LBGI by 53% [0.47 (0.28–0.80)], ADRR by 60% [0.40 (0.18–0.86)], and TBR by 11% [0.89 (0.80–0.98)]. Conclusion Fluctuation in blood glucose levels in centenarians is relatively small. Maintaining an average blood glucose level and keeping blood glucose fluctuations in the normal range is conducive to longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-han Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rou Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-chen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rugao Bo'ai Branch of Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-juan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Health Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-juan Gu
| | - Jian-lin Gao
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Jian-lin Gao
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miljkovic I, Cvejkus R, An P, Thyagarajan B, Christensen K, Wojczynski M, Schupf N, Zmuda JM. Low Risk for Developing Diabetes Among the Offspring of Individuals With Exceptional Longevity and Their Spouses. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:753986. [PMID: 36992755 PMCID: PMC10012150 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.753986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the offspring of individuals with exceptional longevity. We determined the incidence of and potential risk and protective factors for T2D among the offspring of probands and offspring’s spouses (mean age=60 years, range 32-88 years) in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), a multicenter cohort study of 583 two-generation families with a clustering of healthy aging and exceptional longevity. Incident T2D was defined as fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or HbA1c of ≥6.5%, or self-reported with doctor diagnosis of T2D, or the use of anti-diabetic medication during a mean follow-up 7.9 ± 1.1 years. Among offspring (n=1105) and spouses (n=328) aged 45-64 years without T2D at baseline visit, the annual incident rate of T2D was 3.6 and 3.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively, while among offspring (n=444) and spouses (n=153) aged 65+ years without T2D at baseline, the annual incident rate of T2D was 7.2 and 7.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. By comparison, the annual incident rate of T2D per 1000 person-years in the U.S. general population was 9.9 among those aged 45-64, and 8.8 among those aged 65+ years (2018 National Health Interview Survey). Baseline BMI, waist circumference, and fasting serum triglycerides were positively associated with incident T2D, whereas fasting serum HDL-C, adiponectin, and sex hormone binding globulin were protective against incident T2D among the offspring (all P<0.05). Similar associations were observed among their spouses (all P<0.05, except sex hormone binding globulin). In addition, we observed that among spouses, but not offspring, fasting serum interleukin 6 and insulin-like growth factor 1 were positively associated with incident T2D (P<0.05 for both). Our study suggests that both offspring of long-living individuals and their spouses, especially middle-aged, share a similar low risk for developing T2D as compared with the general population. Our findings also raise the possibility that distinct biological risk and protective factors may contribute to T2D risk among offspring of long-lived individuals when compared with their spouses. Future studies are needed to identify the mechanisms underlying low T2D risk among the offspring of individuals with exceptional longevity, and also among their spouses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Iva Miljkovic,
| | - Ryan Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mary Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang SP, Su Q, Zhang YR, Sun Y, Chai YR. Metformin ameliorates thymus degeneration of mice by regulating mitochondrial function. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108744. [PMID: 35395467 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the main lymphoid organ, the thymus degenerates with age. The loss of thymic epithelial cells is mainly related to thymus degeneration and reduced T cells development. As an insulin sensitizer, metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes and has been shown to prolong the lifespan of mice, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of metformin on thymus degeneration in the accelerated aging mice, which was established by intraperitoneal injection D-galactose (120 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Metformin was intragastrically given with 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight per day, respectively, for six weeks. Histological examination showed that metformin administration could alleviate thymus atrophy caused by D-galactose. In addition, metformin therapy increased mitochondrial membrane potential, with a reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, MDA and SOD levels, and restored mitochondrial balance through enhanced expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Furthermore, metformin altered T lymphocyte subsets and cellular senescent cells; the expression of FoxN1, Aire and Sox2 of thymic epithelial cells also increased. Thus, metformin presented a positive effect on thymic degeneration through improving mitochondrial function. Taken together, these findings revealed an unexpected complexity in the anti-aging of this widely used drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031499. [PMID: 35163422 PMCID: PMC8836117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Biology of aging is an active and rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Over the years, focus of work in this field has been gradually shifting from studying the effects and symptoms of aging to searching for mechanisms of the aging process. Progress of this work led to an additional shift from looking for “the mechanism” of aging and formulating the corresponding “theories of aging” to appreciation that aging represents a net result of multiple physiological changes and their intricate interactions. It was also shown that mechanisms of aging include nutrient-dependent signaling pathways which have been remarkably conserved in the course of the evolution. Another important development in this field is increased emphasis on searching for pharmacological and environmental interventions that can extend healthspan or influence other aspects of aging. Progress in understanding the key role of aging as a risk factor for chronic disease provides impetus for these studies. Data from the recent pandemic provided additional evidence for the impact of age on resilience. Progress of work in this area also was influenced by major analytical and technological advances, including greatly improved methods for the study of gene expression, protein, lipids, and metabolites profiles, enhanced ability to produce various genetic modifications and novel approaches to assessment of biological age. Progress in research on the biology of aging provides reasons for optimism about the chances that safe and widely applicable anti-aging interventions with significant benefits for both individual and public health will be developed in the not too distant future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St., P. O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62794-9628, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pietri P, Stefanadis C. Cardiovascular Aging and Longevity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:189-204. [PMID: 33446313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging and longevity are interrelated through many pathophysiological mechanisms. Many factors that promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are also implicated in the aging process and vice versa. Indeed, cardiometabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension share common pathophysiological mechanisms with aging and longevity. Moreover, genetic modulators of longevity have a significant impact on cardiovascular aging. The current knowledge of genetic, molecular, and biochemical pathways of aging may serve as a substrate to introduce interventions that might delay cardiovascular aging, thus approaching the goal of longevity. In the present review, the authors describe pathophysiological links between cardiovascular aging and longevity and translate these mechanisms into clinical data by reporting genetic, dietary, and environmental characteristics from long-living populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Pietri
- Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Research Institute for Longevity and Aging-related diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Stefanadis
- Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Research Institute for Longevity and Aging-related diseases, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gustafsson T, Ulfhake B. Sarcopenia: What Is the Origin of This Aging-Induced Disorder? Front Genet 2021; 12:688526. [PMID: 34276788 PMCID: PMC8285098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review the loss of muscle function and mass (sarcopenia) in the framework of human healthspan and lifespan, and mechanisms involved in aging. The rapidly changing composition of the human population will impact the incidence and the prevalence of aging-induced disorders such as sarcopenia and, henceforth, efforts to narrow the gap between healthspan and lifespan should have top priority. There are substantial knowledge gaps in our understanding of aging. Heritability is estimated to account for only 25% of lifespan length. However, as we push the expected lifespan at birth toward those that we consider long-lived, the genetics of aging may become increasingly important. Linkage studies of genetic polymorphisms to both the susceptibility and aggressiveness of sarcopenia are still missing. Such information is needed to shed light on the large variability in clinical outcomes between individuals and why some respond to interventions while others do not. We here make a case for the concept that sarcopenia has a neurogenic origin and that in manifest sarcopenia, nerve and myofibers enter into a vicious cycle that will escalate the disease progression. We point to gaps in knowledge, for example the crosstalk between the motor axon, terminal Schwann cell, and myofiber in the denervation processes that leads to a loss of motor units and muscle weakness. Further, we argue that the operational definition of sarcopenia should be complemented with dynamic metrics that, along with validated biomarkers, may facilitate early preclinical diagnosis of individuals vulnerable to develop advanced sarcopenia. We argue that preventive measures are likely to be more effective to counter act aging-induced disorders than efforts to treat manifest clinical conditions. To achieve compliance with a prescription of preventive measures that may be life-long, we need to identify reliable predictors to design rational and convincing interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saccon TD, Schneider A, Marinho CG, Nunes ADC, Noureddine S, Dhahbi J, Nunez Lopez YO, LeMunyan G, Salvatori R, Oliveira CRP, Oliveira‐Santos AA, Musi N, Bartke A, Aguiar‐Oliveira MH, Masternak MM. Circulating microRNA profile in humans and mice with congenital GH deficiency. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13420. [PMID: 34118183 PMCID: PMC8282278 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced inflammation, increased insulin sensitivity, and protection against cancer are shared between humans and mice with GH/IGF1 deficiency. Beyond hormone levels, miRNAs are important regulators of metabolic changes associated with healthy aging. We hypothesized that GH deficiency in humans alters the abundance of circulating miRNAs and that a subset of those miRNAs may overlap with those found in GH-deficient mice. In this study, subjects with untreated congenital isolated GH deficiency (IGHD; n = 23) and control subjects matched by age and sex (n = 23) were recruited and serum was collected for miRNA sequencing. Serum miRNAs from young (6 month) and old (22 month) Ames dwarf (df/df) mice with GH deficiency and their WT littermates (n = 5/age/genotype group) were used for comparison. We observed 14 miRNAs regulated with a genotype by age effect and 19 miRNAs regulated with a genotype effect independent of age in serum of IGHD subjects. These regulated miRNAs are known for targeting pathways associated with longevity such as mTOR, insulin signaling, and FoxO. The aging function was overrepresented in IGHD individuals, mediated by hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-30e, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-181b-2, hsa-miR-195, and hsa-miR-181b-1, which target the FoxO and mTOR pathways. Intriguingly, miR-181b-5p, miR-361-3p, miR-144-3p, and miR-155-5p were commonly regulated in the serum of humans and GH-deficient mice. In vitro assays confirmed target genes for the main up-regulated miRNAs, suggesting miRNAs regulated in IGHD individuals can regulate the expression of age-related genes. These findings indicate that systemic miRNAs regulated in IGHD individuals target pathways involved in aging in both humans and mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Saccon
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Cindi G. Marinho
- Division of Endocrinology Health Sciences Graduate Program Federal University of Sergipe Aracaju Brazil
| | - Allancer D. C. Nunes
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Sarah Noureddine
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Joseph Dhahbi
- Department of Medical Education School of Medicine California University of Science & Medicine San Bernardino CA USA
| | - Yury O. Nunez Lopez
- Advent Health Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes Orlando FL USA
| | - Gage LeMunyan
- Department of Medical Education School of Medicine California University of Science & Medicine San Bernardino CA USA
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Carla R. P. Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology Health Sciences Graduate Program Federal University of Sergipe Aracaju Brazil
| | - Alécia A. Oliveira‐Santos
- Division of Endocrinology Health Sciences Graduate Program Federal University of Sergipe Aracaju Brazil
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies Center for Healthy Aging University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio TX USA
- San Antonio Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio TX USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
| | - Manuel H. Aguiar‐Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology Health Sciences Graduate Program Federal University of Sergipe Aracaju Brazil
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang W, van Dijk KW, Wijsman CA, Rozing MP, Mooijaart SP, Beekman M, Slagboom PE, Jukema JW, Noordam R, van Heemst D. Differential insulin sensitivity of NMR-based metabolomic measures in a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:57. [PMID: 34106350 PMCID: PMC8190027 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is the key regulator of glucose metabolism, but it is difficult to dissect direct insulin from glucose-induced effects. We aimed to investigate the effects of hyperinsulemia on metabolomic measures under euglycemic conditions in nondiabetic participants. METHODS We assessed concentrations of 151 metabolomic measures throughout a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure. We included 24 participants (50% women, mean age = 62 [s.d. = 4.2] years) and metabolomic measures were assessed under baseline, low-dose (10 mU/m2/min) and high-dose (40 mU/m2/min) insulin conditions. The effects of low- and high-dose insulin infusion on metabolomic measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models for repeated measures. RESULTS After low-dose insulin infusion, 90 metabolomic measures changed in concentration (p < 1.34e-4), among which glycerol (beta [Confidence Interval] = - 1.41 [- 1.54, - 1.27] s.d., p = 1.28e-95) and three-hydroxybutyrate (- 1.22 [- 1.36, - 1.07] s.d., p = 1.44e-61) showed largest effect sizes. After high-dose insulin infusion, 121 metabolomic measures changed in concentration, among which branched-chain amino acids showed the largest additional decrease compared with low-dose insulin infusion (e.g., Leucine, - 1.78 [- 1.88, - 1.69] s.d., P = 2.7e-295). More specifically, after low- and high-dose insulin infusion, the distribution of the lipoproteins shifted towards more LDL-sized particles with decreased mean diameters. CONCLUSION Metabolomic measures are differentially insulin sensitive and may thus be differentially affected by the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, our data suggests insulin directly affects metabolomic measures previously associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A Wijsman
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P Rozing
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology on Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodríguez-Mañas L, Angulo J, Carnicero JA, El Assar M, García-García FJ, Sinclair AJ. Dual effects of insulin resistance on mortality and function in non-diabetic older adults: findings from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging. GeroScience 2021; 44:1095-1108. [PMID: 34075557 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signalling declines with increasing age and impacts skeletal muscle function and longevity in animal models. Our aim was to assess the relationships between insulin resistance (IR) and frailty and mortality in a unique community-dwelling cohort of older people. 991 non-diabetic subjects from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing (TSHA) cohort were included. IR was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) at baseline while frailty was determined by frailty phenotype (FP) and Frailty Trait Scale (FTS) at baseline and after 5-year follow-up. Deaths were also determined. Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the effects of HOMA-IR on outcomes. Age, gender, BMI, education level, cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease, glomerular filtration rate, and disability were included as potential confounding variables in progressive adjustment models. IR determined as increasing log HOMA-IR was inversely associated with risk of mortality. The association remained significant for all adjustment models (HR: 0.64-0.69). When we analyzed survival curves, the higher the HOMA-IR tertile, the lower the mortality rate (highest vs lowest tertile, p = 0.0082). In contrast, IR increased the risk of incident frailty determined by FP (OR 1.81 [1.14-2.87]) as well as deterioration of frailty status determined by worsening in FTS score (OR 1.28 [1.01-1.63]) at 5-year follow-up. In non-diabetic older subjects, IR significantly increases the risk for frailty and functional decline but decreased the risk of death at 5-year follow-up. This finding raises the need of assessing the effect of biomarkers on different outcomes before establishing their role as biomarkers of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Ctra de Toledo km 12,500, 28905, Getafe, Spain.
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Carnicero
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP) and King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dorling JL, van Vliet S, Huffman KM, Kraus WE, Bhapkar M, Pieper CF, Stewart T, Das SK, Racette SB, Roberts SB, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Martin CK. Effects of caloric restriction on human physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: highlights from CALERIE phase 2. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:98-113. [PMID: 32940695 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a strategy that attenuates aging in multiple nonhuman species. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trials are part of a research program aiming to test the effects of CR on aging and longevity biomarkers in humans. Building on CALERIE phase 1, CALERIE phase 2 (CALERIE 2) was the largest study to date to assess sustained CR in healthy humans without obesity. In a 24-month randomized controlled trial comprising 218 participants at baseline, CALERIE 2 showed that moderate CR, 11.9% on average, induced improvements in aging-related biomarkers without adversely affecting psychological or behavioral outcomes. The objectives of this report are to summarize and review the highlights of CALERIE 2 and report previously unpublished results on eating disorder symptoms and cognitive function. This article specifically summarizes the physiological, psychological, aging, behavioral, and safety results of the trial. Also provided are research directions beyond CALERIE 2 that highlight important opportunities to investigate the role of CR in aging, longevity, and health span in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Dorling
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiffany Stewart
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- US Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan B Racette
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- US Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ageing affects subtelomeric DNA methylation in blood cells from a large European population enrolled in the MARK-AGE study. GeroScience 2021; 43:1283-1302. [PMID: 33870444 PMCID: PMC8190237 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing leaves characteristic traces in the DNA methylation make-up of the genome. However, the importance of DNA methylation in ageing remains unclear. The study of subtelomeric regions could give promising insights into this issue. Previously reported associations between susceptibility to age-related diseases and epigenetic instability at subtelomeres suggest that the DNA methylation profile of subtelomeres undergoes remodelling during ageing. In the present work, this hypothesis has been tested in the context of the European large-scale project MARK-AGE. In this cross-sectional study, we profiled the DNA methylation of chromosomes 5 and 21 subtelomeres, in more than 2000 age-stratified women and men recruited in eight European countries. The study included individuals from the general population as well as the offspring of nonagenarians and Down syndrome subjects, who served as putative models of delayed and accelerated ageing, respectively. Significant linear changes of subtelomeric DNA methylation with increasing age were detected in the general population, indicating that subtelomeric DNA methylation changes are typical signs of ageing. Data also show that, compared to the general population, the dynamics of age-related DNA methylation changes are attenuated in the offspring of centenarian, while they accelerate in Down syndrome individuals. This result suggests that subtelomeric DNA methylation changes reflect the rate of ageing progression. We next attempted to trace the age-related changes of subtelomeric methylation back to the influence of diverse variables associated with methylation variations in the population, including demographics, dietary/health habits and clinical parameters. Results indicate that the effects of age on subtelomeric DNA methylation are mostly independent of all other variables evaluated.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Yang Y, Su J, Zheng X, Wang C, Chen S, Liu J, Lv Y, Fan S, Zhao A, Chen T, Jia W, Wang X. Age-related compositional changes and correlations of gut microbiome, serum metabolome, and immune factor in rats. GeroScience 2021; 43:709-725. [PMID: 32418021 PMCID: PMC8110635 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological process associated with degenerative disorder of metabolism and immune function, which contributes to the occurrence of senile diseases. The gut microbiota affects systemic inflammation in aging processes probably through metabolism, but their relationship is still unclear. In this study, 16S-rRNA-sequencing technology, gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS)-based metabolic profiling, and immune factor analysis combined with advanced differential and association analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between the microbiome, metabolome, and immune factors in male Wistar rats across lifespan. Our findings showed significant changes in the ileum microbiome and serum metabolome compositions across aging process. A two-level strategy was applied to demonstrate that key metabolites associated with age such as 4-hydroxyproline, proline, and lysine were clustered together and positively correlated with beneficial microbes including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia. Function analysis explored association between serum metabolite class and specific gut bacteria's metabolism pathways. Further correlation analysis on all the alteration patterns provided an interaction network of main immune factors such as IL-10, IgA, IgM, and IgG with key gut bacteria and serum metabolites. This study offers new insights into the relationship between immune factors, serum metabolome, and the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine(Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine(Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juan Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine(Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaoqiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine(Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yingfang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine(Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shihao Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine(Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sholl J. Can aging research generate a theory of health? HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:45. [PMID: 33768353 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While aging research and policy aim to promote 'health' at all ages, there remains no convincing explanation of what this 'health' is. In this paper, I investigate whether we can find, implicit within the sciences of aging, a way to know what health is and how to measure it, i.e. a theory of health. To answer this, I start from scientific descriptions of aging and its modulators and then try to develop some generalizations about 'health' implicit within this research. After discussing some of the core aspects of aging and the ways in which certain models describe spatial and temporal features specific to both aging and healthy phenotypes, I then extract, explicate, and evaluate one potential construct of health in these models. This suggests a theory of health based on the landscape of optimized phenotypic trajectories. I conclude by considering why it matters for more candidate theories to be proposed and evaluated by philosophers and scientists alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sholl
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological function leading to increase in the vulnerability to death. This deterioration process occurs in all living organisms and is the primary risk factor for pathological conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Most of the age-related diseases have been associated with impairment of action of an important hormone, namely insulin. It is well-known that this hormone is a critical mediator of metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation. Insulin action depends on two processes that determine its circulating levels, insulin secretion and clearance, and insulin sensitivity in its target tissues. Aging has deleterious effects on these three mechanisms, impairing insulin action, thereby increasing the risk for diseases and death. Thus, improving insulin action may be an important strategy to have a healthier and longer life.
Collapse
|
25
|
Komici K, Dello Iacono A, De Luca A, Perrotta F, Bencivenga L, Rengo G, Rocca A, Guerra G. Adiponectin and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:576619. [PMID: 33935962 PMCID: PMC8082154 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.576619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass whose pathophysiology has been proposed to possibly involve mechanisms of altered inflammatory status and endocrine function. Adiponectin has been shown to modulate inflammatory status and muscle metabolism. However, the possible association between adiponectin levels and sarcopenia is poorly understood. In order to fill this gap, in the present manuscript we aimed to summarize the current evidence with a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies reporting serum adiponectin levels in patients with sarcopenia compared to non-sarcopenic controls. METHODS An electronic search through Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct was performed till March 1, 2020. From the included papers, meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies comparing serum levels of adiponectin between patients with sarcopenia and controls was performed. RESULTS Out of 1,370 initial studies, seven studies were meta-analyzed. Sarcopenic participants had significantly higher levels of adiponectin Hedges' g with 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20 (0.19-2.22), p = 0.02 than controls. Subgroup analysis, performed in Asian population and focused on identification of the condition based on AWGS criteria, reported higher adiponectin levels in sarcopenic population (2.1 (0.17-4.03), p = 0.03 and I2 = 98.98%. Meta-regression analysis revealed female gender to significantly influence the results as demonstrated by beta = 0.14 (95% CI (0.010-0.280), p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis found evidence that sarcopenia is associated with higher adiponectin levels. However, caution is warranted on the interpretation of these findings, and future longitudinal research is required to disentangle and better understand the topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- *Correspondence: Klara Komici,
| | - Antonio Dello Iacono
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Type 2 diabetes subgroups and potential medication strategies in relation to effects on insulin resistance and beta-cell function: A step toward personalised diabetes treatment? Mol Metab 2020; 46:101158. [PMID: 33387681 PMCID: PMC8085543 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is a syndrome defined by hyperglycaemia that is the result of various degrees of pancreatic β-cell failure and reduced insulin sensitivity. Although diabetes can be caused by multiple metabolic dysfunctions, most patients are defined as having either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Recently, Ahlqvist and colleagues proposed a new method of classifying patients with adult-onset diabetes, considering the heterogenous metabolic phenotype of the disease. This new classification system could be useful for more personalised treatment based on the underlying metabolic disruption of the disease, although to date no prospective intervention studies have generated data to support such a claim. Scope of Review In this review, we first provide a short overview of the phenotype and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and discuss the current and new classification systems. We then review the effects of different anti-diabetic medication classes on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function and discuss future treatment strategies based on the subgroups proposed by Ahlqvist et al. Major Conclusions The proposed novel type 2 diabetes subgroups provide an interesting concept that could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the broad group of type 2 diabetes, paving the way for personalised treatment choices based on understanding the root cause of the disease. We conclude that the novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes would benefit from anti-diabetic medications that take into account the main pathophysiology of the disease and thereby prevent end-organ damage. However, we are only beginning to address the personalised treatment of type 2 diabetes, and studies investigating the effects of current and novel drugs in subgroups with different metabolic phenotypes are needed to develop personalised treatment of the syndrome Novel subgroups of type 2 diabetes provide a concept that could lead to a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Treatment strategies would benefit from anti-diabetic medications that influence the main pathophysiology of diabetes. Here, we review different anti-diabetic medications classes affecting insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. We suggest that future treatment strategies could benefit by taking into account subgroups provided by Ahlqvist et al.
Collapse
|
27
|
Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Olivieri F, Salvioli S, Giuliani C. The Contextualized Genetics of Human Longevity: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:968-979. [PMID: 32130932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetics of human longevity has long been studied, and in this regard, centenarians represent a very informative model. Centenarians are characterized by 2 main features: 1) the capability to avoid or postpone the major age-related diseases; and 2) a high level of heterogeneity of their phenotype. The first suggests that longevity and resistance to diseases are mediated by shared mechanisms, the latter that many strategies can be used to become long lived, likely as a result of variable genome-environment interactions. The authors suggest that the complexity of genome-environment interactions must be considered within an evolutionary and ecological perspective and that the concept of "risk allele" is highly context dependent, changing with age, time, and geography. Genes involved in both longevity and cardiovascular diseases, taken as a paradigmatic example of age-related diseases, as well as other emerging topics in genetics of longevity, such as micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) genetics, polygenic risk scores, environmental pollutants, and somatic mutations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Regenerative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Christensen K, Wojczynski MK, Pedersen JK, Larsen LA, Kløjgaard S, Skytthe A, McGue M, Vaupel JW, Province MA. Mechanisms underlying familial aggregation of exceptional health and survival: A three-generation cohort study. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13228. [PMID: 32886847 PMCID: PMC7576291 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The familial resemblance in length of adult life is very modest. Studies of parent-offspring and twins suggest that exceptional health and survival have a stronger genetic component than lifespan generally. To shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we collected information on Danish long-lived siblings (born 1886-1938) from 659 families, their 5379 offspring (born 1917-1982), and 10,398 grandchildren (born 1950-2010) and matched background population controls through the Danish 1916 Census, the Civil Registration System, the National Patient Register, and the Register of Causes of Death. Comparison with the background, population revealed consistently lower occurrence of almost all disease groups and causes of death in the offspring and the grandchildren. The expected incidence of hospitalization for mental and behavioral disorders was reduced by half in the offspring (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.62) and by one-third in the grandchildren (0.69, 0.61-0.78), while the numbers for tobacco-related cancer were 0.60 (0.51-0.70) and 0.71 (0.48-1.05), respectively. Within-family analyses showed a general, as opposed to specific, lowering of disease risk. Early parenthood and divorce were markedly less frequent in the longevity-enriched families, while economic and educational differences were small to moderate. The longevity-enriched families in this study have a general health advantage spanning three generations. The particularly low occurrence of mental and behavioral disorders and tobacco-related cancers together with indicators of family stability and only modest socioeconomic advantage implicate behavior as a key mechanism underlying familial aggregation of exceptional health and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public HealthDanish Aging Research CenterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Mary K. Wojczynski
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jacob K. Pedersen
- Department of Public HealthDanish Aging Research CenterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Lisbeth A. Larsen
- Department of Public HealthDanish Aging Research CenterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Susanne Kløjgaard
- Department of Public HealthDanish Aging Research CenterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Axel Skytthe
- Department of Public HealthDanish Aging Research CenterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Public HealthDanish Aging Research CenterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - James W. Vaupel
- Center on Population DynamicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Michael A. Province
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Metformin and Systemic Metabolism. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:868-881. [PMID: 32994049 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metformin can improve patients' hyperglycemia through significant suppression of hepatic glucose production. However, up to 300 times higher concentrations of metformin accumulate in the intestine than in the circulation, where it alters nutrient metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and microbiome, leading to increased lactate production. Hepatocytes use lactate to make glucose at the cost of energy expenditure, creating a futile intestine-liver cycle. Furthermore, metformin reduces blood lipopolysaccharides and its initiated low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative phosphorylation in liver and adipose tissues. These metformin effects result in the improvement of insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization in extrahepatic tissues. In this review, I discuss the current understanding of the impact of metformin on systemic metabolism and its molecular mechanisms of action in various tissues.
Collapse
|
30
|
Commentary on Camell et al., Aging Induces Nlrp3 Inflammasome Dependent Adipose B Cell Expansion to Impair Metabolic Homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2. [PMID: 32292596 PMCID: PMC7156147 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The burden of aging and obesity is urging extended investigation into the molecular mechanisms that underlie chronic adipose tissue inflammation. B cell-targeted therapies are emerging as novel tools to modulate the immune system and thereby mitigate aging and obesity-related metabolic complications.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bulgakova SV, Treneva EV, Zakharova NO, Gorelik SG. [Aging and growthhormone: assumptions and facts (review of literature).]. Klin Lab Diagn 2020; 64:708-715. [PMID: 32040893 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-12-708-715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone is a powerful metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects, which is positioned as a "source of youth". Somatotropin has various functions: stimulation of bone growth, regulation of carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism, metabolic function of the liver and energy balance. At the cellular level, somatotropic hormone regulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cytoskeleton reorganization. The review article presents the results of topical studies that reflect the relationship of growth hormone deficiency or resistance to it with the development of aging and diseases associated with age, as well as with an increase in life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Bulgakova
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| | - E V Treneva
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| | - N O Zakharova
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| | - S G Gorelik
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Effects of Age and Reproduction on the Lipidome of Caenorhabditis elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5768953. [PMID: 31249646 PMCID: PMC6532275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5768953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex life process, and a unified view is that metabolism plays key roles in all biological processes. Here, we determined the lipidomic profile of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Using a nontargeted approach, we detected approximately 3000 species. Analysis of the lipid metabolic profiles at young adult and ten-day-old ages among wild-type N2, glp-1 defective mutant, and double mutant daf-16;glp-1 uncovered significant age-related differences in the total amount of phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM), ceramides (Cer), diglycerides (DG), and triglycerides (TG). In addition, the age-associated lipid profiles were characterized by ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA) over monounsaturated (MUFA) lipid species. Lipid metabolism modulation plays an important role in reproduction-regulated aging; to identify the variations of lipid metabolites during germ line loss-induced longevity, we investigated the lipidomic profiles of long-lived glp-1/notch receptor mutants, which have reproductive deficiency when grown at nonpermissive temperature. The results showed that there was some age-related lipid variation, including TG 40:2, TG 40:1, and TG 41:1, which contributed to the long-life phenotype. The longevity of glp-1 mutant was daf-16-dependent; the lipidome analysis of daf-16;glp-1 double mutant revealed that the changes of some metabolites in the glp-1 mutant were daf-16-dependent, while other metabolites displayed more complex epistatic patterns. We first conducted a comprehensive lipidome analysis to provide novel insights into the relationships between longevity and lipid metabolism regulated by germ line signals in C. elegans.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wardelmann K, Blümel S, Rath M, Alfine E, Chudoba C, Schell M, Cai W, Hauffe R, Warnke K, Flore T, Ritter K, Weiß J, Kahn CR, Kleinridders A. Insulin action in the brain regulates mitochondrial stress responses and reduces diet-induced weight gain. Mol Metab 2019; 21:68-81. [PMID: 30670351 PMCID: PMC6407370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin action in the brain controls metabolism and brain function, which is linked to proper mitochondrial function. Conversely, brain insulin resistance associates with mitochondrial stress and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we aimed to decipher the impact of hypothalamic insulin action on mitochondrial stress responses, function and metabolism. METHODS To investigate the crosstalk of insulin action and mitochondrial stress responses (MSR), namely the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and integrated stress response (ISR), qPCR, western blotting, and mitochondrial activity assays were performed. These methods were used to analyze the hypothalamic cell line CLU183 treated with insulin in the presence or absence of the insulin receptor as well as in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for three days and STZ-treated mice without or with insulin therapy. Intranasal insulin treatment was used to investigate the effect of acute brain insulin action on metabolism and mitochondrial stress responses. RESULTS Acute HFD feeding reduces hypothalamic mitochondrial stress responsive gene expression of Atf4, Chop, Hsp60, Hsp10, ClpP, and Lonp1 in C57BL/6N mice. We show that insulin via ERK activation increases the expression of MSR genes in vitro as well as in the hypothalamus of streptozotocin-treated mice. This regulation propagates mitochondrial function by controlling mitochondrial proteostasis and prevents excessive autophagy under serum deprivation. Finally, short-term intranasal insulin treatment activates MSR gene expression in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice and reduces food intake and body weight development. CONCLUSIONS We define hypothalamic insulin action as a novel master regulator of MSR, ensuring proper mitochondrial function by controlling mitochondrial proteostasis and regulating metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wardelmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Blümel
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Rath
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Alfine
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Chudoba
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Schell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Weikang Cai
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert Hauffe
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Warnke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanina Flore
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weiß
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - André Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Central Regulation of Metabolism, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
van den Berg N, Rodríguez-Girondo M, van Dijk IK, Mourits RJ, Mandemakers K, Janssens AAPO, Beekman M, Smith KR, Slagboom PE. Longevity defined as top 10% survivors and beyond is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait. Nat Commun 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 30617297 PMCID: PMC6323124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival to extreme ages clusters within families. However, identifying genetic loci conferring longevity and low morbidity in such longevous families is challenging. There is debate concerning the survival percentile that best isolates the genetic component in longevity. Here, we use three-generational mortality data from two large datasets, UPDB (US) and LINKS (Netherlands). We study 20,360 unselected families containing index persons, their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, comprising 314,819 individuals. Our analyses provide strong evidence that longevity is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait among survivors up to the top 10% of their birth cohort. We subsequently show a survival advantage, mounting to 31%, for individuals with top 10% surviving first and second-degree relatives in both databases and across generations, even in the presence of non-longevous parents. To guide future genetic studies, we suggest to base case selection on top 10% survivors of their birth cohort with equally long-lived family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid K van Dijk
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick J Mourits
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Mandemakers
- International Institute of Social History, Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique A P O Janssens
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Arai Y, Kamide K, Hirose N. Adipokines and Aging: Findings From Centenarians and the Very Old. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:142. [PMID: 30923512 PMCID: PMC6426744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, which was once considered as a simple energy storage depot, is now recognized as an active endocrine organ that regulates the whole-body energy homeostasis by secreting hundreds of bioactive substances termed adipokines. Dysregulation of adipokines is a key feature of insulin resistance and a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance are also associated with energy-deprivation conditions, such as frailty in old age. Previous studies have demonstrated that preserved insulin sensitivity and low prevalence of diabetes are the metabolic peculiarities of centenarians, suggesting the possible role of adipokine homeostasis in healthy longevity. Among the numerous adipokines, adiponectin is regarded as unique and salutary, showing negative correlations with several age- and obesity-related metabolic disturbances and a positive correlation with longevity and insulin sensitivity among centenarians. However, large-scale epidemiological studies have implied the opposite aspect of this adipokine as a prognostic factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure or kidney disease. In this review, the clinical significance of adiponectin was comparatively addressed in centenarians and the very old, in terms of frailty, cardiovascular risk, and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Castro JP, Wardelmann K, Grune T, Kleinridders A. Mitochondrial Chaperones in the Brain: Safeguarding Brain Health and Metabolism? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:196. [PMID: 29755410 PMCID: PMC5932182 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain orchestrates organ function and regulates whole body metabolism by the concerted action of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system. To do so, the brain has tremendously high energy consumption and relies mainly on glucose utilization and mitochondrial function in order to exert its function. As a consequence of high rate metabolism, mitochondria in the brain accumulate errors over time, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species, and misfolded and aggregated proteins. Thus, mitochondria need to employ specific mechanisms to avoid or ameliorate the rise of damaged proteins that contribute to aberrant mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. To maintain mitochondria homeostasis (mitostasis), cells evolved molecular chaperones that shuttle, refold, or in coordination with proteolytic systems, help to maintain a low steady-state level of misfolded/aggregated proteins. Their importance is exemplified by the occurrence of various brain diseases which exhibit reduced action of chaperones. Chaperone loss (expression and/or function) has been observed during aging, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) or even Huntington's (HD) diseases, where the accumulation of damage proteins is evidenced. Within this perspective, we propose that proper brain function is maintained by the joint action of mitochondrial chaperones to ensure and maintain mitostasis contributing to brain health, and that upon failure, alter brain function which can cause metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: José Pedro Castro, ; André Kleinridders,
| | - Kristina Wardelmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- *Correspondence: José Pedro Castro, ; André Kleinridders,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Noordam R, Oudt CH, Deelen J, Slagboom PE, Beekman M, van Heemst D. Assessment of the contribution of APOE gene variants to metabolic phenotypes associated with familial longevity at middle age. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1790-801. [PMID: 27540764 PMCID: PMC5032696 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Offspring of long-lived families are characterized by beneficial metabolic phenotypes in glucose and lipid metabolism and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Although the genetic basis for human longevity remains largely unclear, the contribution of variation at the APOE locus has been repeatedly demonstrated. We aimed to assess whether ApoE isoforms mark the familial longevity status in middle age and subsequently to test to what extend this association is mediated by the metabolic characteristics marking this status. From the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS), we included offspring from nonagenarian siblings and partners as controls. Using the metabolic phenotypes of familial longevity as mediators, we investigated how APOE gene variants associated with LLS offspring/control status (in 1,515 LLS offspring and 715 controls). Within the LLS (mean age = 59.2 years), ApoE ε4 was not associated with a lower likelihood of being an LLS offspring, whereas ApoE ɛ2 was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being an LLS offspring (odds ratio = 1.43), but this difference was not mediated (p-values>0.05) by any of the investigated metabolic phenotypes (e.g., diabetes and glucose). Therefore, variation at the APOE locus may not influence familial longevity status in middle age significantly through any of the metabolic mechanisms investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte H Oudt
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tanaka T, Dutta A, Pilling LC, Xue L, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Bandinelli S, Wallace R, Melzer D, Ferrucci L. Genome-wide Association Study of Parental Life Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1407-1410. [PMID: 27816938 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Having longer lived parents has been shown to be an important predictor of health trajectories and life span. As such, parental life span is an important phenotype that may uncover genes that affect longevity. Methods A genome-wide association study of parental life span in participants of European and African ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study was conducted. Results A genome-wide significant association was observed for rs35715456 (log10BF = 6.3) on chromosome 18 for the dichotomous trait of having at least one long-lived parent versus not having any long-lived parent. This association was not replicated in an independent sample from the InCHIANTI and Framingham Heart Study. The most significant association among single nucleotide polymorphisms in longevity candidate genes (APOE, MINIPP1, FOXO3, EBF1, CAMKIV, and OTOL1) was observed in the EBF1 gene region (rs17056207, p = .0002). Conclusions A promising genetic signal for parental life span was identified but was not replicated in independent samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ambarish Dutta
- Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Luting Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eline Slagboom P, van den Berg N, Deelen J. Phenome and genome based studies into human ageing and longevity: An overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2742-2751. [PMID: 28951210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing is an extremely personal process leading across the life course of individuals to large population heterogeneity in the decline of functional capacity, health and lifespan. The extremes of this process are witnessed by the healthy vital 100-year-olds on one end and the 60-year-olds suffering from multiple morbid conditions on the other end of the spectrum. Molecular studies into the basis of this heterogeneity have focused on a range of endpoints and methodological approaches. The phenotype definitions most prominently investigated in these studies are either lifespan-related or biomarker based indices of the biological ageing rate of individuals and their tissues. Unlike for many complex, age-related diseases, consensus on the ultimate set of multi-biomarker ageing or lifespan-related phenotypes for genetic and genomic studies has not been reached yet. Comparable to animal models, hallmarks of age-related disease risk, healthy ageing and longevity include immune and metabolic pathways. Potentially novel genomic regions and pathways have been identified among many (epi)genomic studies into chronological age and studies into human lifespan regulation, with APOE and FOXO3A representing yet the most robust loci. Functional analysis of a handful of genes in cell-based and animal models is ongoing. The way forward in human ageing and longevity studies seems through improvements in the interpretation of the biology of the genome, in application of computational and systems biology, integration with animal models and by harmonization of repeated phenotypic and omics measures in longitudinal and intervention studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Model Systems of Aging - edited by "Houtkooper Riekelt".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Köln (Cologne), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The interrelationships of growth hormone (GH) actions and aging are complex and incompletely understood. The very pronounced age-related decline in GH secretion together with benefits of GH therapy in individuals with congenital or adult GH deficiency (GHD) prompted interest in GH as an anti-aging agent. However, the benefits of treatment of normal elderly subjects with GH appear to be marginal and counterbalanced by worrisome side effects. In laboratory mice, genetic GH deficiency or resistance leads to a remarkable extension of longevity accompanied by signs of delayed and/or slower aging. Mechanisms believed to contribute to extended longevity of GH-related mutants include improved anti-oxidant defenses, enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin levels, reduced inflammation and cell senescence, major shifts in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, and greater stress resistance. Negative association of the somatotropic signaling and GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-dependent traits with longevity has also been shown in other mammalian species. In humans, syndromes of GH resistance or deficiency have no consistent effect on longevity, but can provide striking protection from cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. More subtle alterations in various steps of GH and IGF-1 signaling are associated with reduced old-age mortality, particularly in women and with improved chances of attaining extremes of lifespan. Epidemiological studies raise a possibility that the relationship of IGF-1 and perhaps also GH levels with human healthy aging and longevity may be biphasic. However, the impact of somatotropic signaling on neoplastic disease is difficult to separate from its impact on aging, and IGF-1 levels exhibit opposite associations with different chronic, age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Justin Darcy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
van de Rest O, Schutte BAM, Deelen J, Stassen SAM, van den Akker EB, van Heemst D, Dibbets-Schneider P, van Dipten-van der Veen RA, Kelderman M, Hankemeier T, Mooijaart SP, van der Grond J, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Beekman M, Feskens EJM, Slagboom PE. Metabolic effects of a 13-weeks lifestyle intervention in older adults: The Growing Old Together Study. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:111-26. [PMID: 26824634 PMCID: PMC4761717 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For people in their 40s and 50s, lifestyle programs have been shown to improve metabolic health. For older adults, however, it is not clear whether these programs are equally healthy. In the Growing Old Together study, we applied a 13-weeks lifestyle program, with a target of 12.5% caloric restriction and 12.5% increase in energy expenditure through an increase in physical activity, in 164 older adults (mean age=63.2 years; BMI=23-35 kg/m2). Mean weight loss was 4.2% (SE=2.8%) of baseline weight, which is comparable to a previous study in younger adults. Fasting insulin levels, however, showed a much smaller decrease (0.30 mU/L (SE=3.21)) and a more heterogeneous response (range=2.0-29.6 mU/L). Many other parameters of metabolic health, such as blood pressure, and thyroid, glucose and lipid metabolism improved significantly. Many 1H-NMR metabolites changed in a direction previously associated with a low risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and partially independently of weight loss. In conclusion, 25% reduction in energy balance for 13 weeks induced a metabolic health benefit in older adults, monitored by traditional and novel metabolic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca A M Schutte
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie A M Stassen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Milou Kelderman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Association analysis of insulin-like growth factor-1 axis parameters with survival and functional status in nonagenarians of the Leiden Longevity Study. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:956-63. [PMID: 26568155 PMCID: PMC4694065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling has been associated with longevity in various model organisms. However, the role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling in human survival remains controversial. The aim of this study was to test whether circulating IGF-1 axis parameters associate with old age survival and functional status in nonagenarians from the Leiden Longevity Study. This study examined 858 Dutch nonagenarian (males≥89 years; females≥91 years) siblings from 409 families, without selection on health or demographic characteristics. Nonagenarians were divided over sex-specific strata according to their levels of IGF-1, IGF binding protein 3 and IGF-1/IGFBP3 molar ratio. We found that lower IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratios were associated with improved survival: nonagenarians in the quartile of the lowest ratio had a lower estimated hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.73 (0.59 – 0.91) compared to the quartile with the highest ratio (ptrend=0.002). Functional status was assessed by (Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living ((I)ADL) scales. Compared to those in the quartile with the highest IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio, nonagenarians in the lowest quartile had higher scores for ADL (ptrend=0.001) and IADL (ptrend=0.003). These findings suggest that IGF-1 axis parameters are associated with increased old age survival and better functional status in nonagenarians from the Leiden Longevity Study.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bartke A, List EO, Kopchick JJ. The somatotropic axis and aging: Benefits of endocrine defects. Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 27:41-45. [PMID: 26925766 PMCID: PMC4792645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reduced somatotropic [growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] action has been associated with delayed and slower aging, reduced risk of frailty, reduced age-related disease and functional decline, and with remarkably extended longevity. Recent studies have added to the evidence that these relationships discovered in laboratory populations of mice apply to other mammalian species. However, the relationship of the somatotropic signaling to human aging is less striking, complex and controversial. In mice, targeted deletion of GH receptors (GHR) in the liver, muscle or adipose tissue affected multiple metabolic parameters but failed to reproduce the effects of global GHR deletion on longevity. Continued search for mechanisms of extended longevity in animals with GH deficiency or resistance focused attention on different pathways of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), energy metabolism, regulation of local IGF-1 levels and resistance to high-fat diet (HFD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- SIU School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794-9628, United States.
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stijntjes M, Meskers CGM, de Craen AJM, van Lummel RC, Rispens SM, Slagboom PE, Maier AB. Effect of calendar age on physical performance: A comparison of standard clinical measures with instrumented measures in middle-aged to older adults. Gait Posture 2016; 45:12-8. [PMID: 26979876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decline in physical performance is highly prevalent during aging. Identification of sensitive markers of age-related changes in physical performance is important for early detection, development of therapeutic strategies and insight into underlying mechanisms. We studied the association of calendar age and familial longevity with standard clinical and instrumented measures of physical performance in a cohort of healthy middle-aged to older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis within the Leiden Longevity Study consisting of offspring of nonagenarian siblings and their partners (n=300, mean age (SD) 65.3 (6.7) years). Standard clinical measures were 25-meter walking speed and total duration of the chair stand test (CST). Instrumented measures were determined using a body fixed sensor. Dependence of physical performance on calendar age and familial longevity (offspring versus partner status) was analyzed using linear and logistic regression, respectively, adjusted for gender and height. RESULTS Higher calendar age was associated with slower walking speed and longer duration of the CST (standardized β (95% CI) -.024 (-.042; -.006) and .035 (.014;.056), respectively). Instrumented measures showed similar effect sizes with strongest associations for gait stability and symmetry in mediolateral direction and for the extension and flexion phase of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transfers, respectively. No differences were observed between offspring of nonagenarian siblings and their partners. CONCLUSIONS Standard clinical and instrumented measures of physical performance are associated with similar effect size to age-related changes in physical performance observable from middle age. The potential added value of instrumented measures for understanding underlying mechanisms requires further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Stijntjes
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - C G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - S M Rispens
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P E Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A B Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bartke A. Healthspan and longevity can be extended by suppression of growth hormone signaling. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:289-99. [PMID: 26909495 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Average and maximal lifespan are important biological characteristics of every species, but can be modified by mutations and by a variety of genetic, dietary, environmental, and pharmacological interventions. Mutations or disruption of genes required for biosynthesis or action of growth hormone (GH) produce remarkable extension of longevity in laboratory mice. Importantly, the long-lived GH-related mutants exhibit many symptoms of delayed and/or slower aging, including preservation of physical and cognitive functions and resistance to stress and age-related disease. These characteristics could be collectively described as "healthy aging" or extension of the healthspan. Extension of both the healthspan and lifespan in GH-deficient and GH-resistant mice appears to be due to multiple interrelated mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms have been linked to healthy aging and genetic predisposition to extended longevity in humans. Enhanced insulin sensitivity combined with reduced insulin levels, reduced adipose tissue, central nervous system inflammation, and increased levels of adiponectin represent such mechanisms. Further progress in elucidation of mechanisms that link reduced GH action to delayed and healthy aging should identify targets for lifestyle and pharmacological interventions that could benefit individuals as well as society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jansen SWM, van Heemst D, van der Grond J, Westendorp R, Oei NYL. Physiological responding to stress in middle-aged males enriched for longevity: a social stress study. Stress 2016; 19:28-36. [PMID: 26453529 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals enriched for familial longevity display a lower prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular- and metabolic diseases. Since these diseases are associated with stress and increased cortisol levels, one of the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to healthy longevity might be a more adaptive response to stress. To investigate this, male middle-aged offspring from long-lived families (n = 31) and male non-offspring (with no familial history of longevity) (n = 26) were randomly allocated to the Trier Social Stress Test or a control condition in an experimental design. Physiological (cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate) and subjective responses were measured during the entire procedure. The results showed that Offspring had lower overall cortisol levels compared to Non-offspring regardless of condition, and lower absolute cortisol output (AUCg) during stress compared to Non-Offspring, while the increase (AUCi) did not differ between groups. In addition, systolic blood pressure in Offspring was lower compared to Non-offspring during the entire procedure. At baseline, Offspring had significantly lower systolic blood pressure and reported less subjective stress than Non-offspring and showed a trend towards lower heart rate. Offspring from long-lived families might thus be less stressed prior to potentially stressful events and consequently show overall lower levels in physiological responses. Although attenuated physiological responding cannot be ruled out, lower starting points and a lower peak level in physiological responding when confronted with an actual stressor, might already limit damage due to stress over a lifetime. Lower physiological responding may also contribute to the lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and other stress-related diseases in healthy longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeroen van der Grond
- b Department of Radiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- a Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics and
- c Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nicole Y L Oei
- d Developmental Psychology (ADAPT-Lab), University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands , and
- e Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Oh E, Miller RA, Thurmond DC. Syntaxin 4 Overexpression Ameliorates Effects of Aging and High-Fat Diet on Glucose Control and Extends Lifespan. Cell Metab 2015; 22:499-507. [PMID: 26331606 PMCID: PMC4560841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Indirect evidence suggests that improved insulin sensitivity may contribute to improved lifespan of mice in which aging has been slowed by mutations, drugs, or dietary means, even in stocks of mice that do not show signs of late-life diabetes. Peripheral responses to insulin can be augmented by overexpression of Syntaxin 4 (Syn4), a plasma-membrane-localized SNARE protein. We show here that Syn4 transgenic (Tg) mice with high level expression of Syn4 had a significant extension of lifespan (33% increase in median) and showed increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, even at ages where controls exhibited age-related insulin resistance. Moreover, skeletal muscle GLUT4 and islet insulin granule exocytosis processes were fully protected in Syn4 Tg mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Hence, high-level expressing Syn4 Tg mice may exert better glycemic control, which slows multiple aspects of aging and extends lifespan, even in non-diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Characterization of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Axis in Familial Longevity under Resting Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133119. [PMID: 26193655 PMCID: PMC4508039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is the most important neuro-endocrine stress response system of our body which is of critical importance for survival. Disturbances in HPA-axis activity have been associated with adverse metabolic and cognitive changes. Humans enriched for longevity have less metabolic and cognitive disturbances and therefore diminished activity of the HPA axis may be a potential candidate mechanism underlying healthy familial longevity. Here, we compared 24-h plasma ACTH and serum cortisol concentration profiles and different aspects of the regulation of the HPA-axis in offspring from long-lived siblings, who are enriched for familial longevity and age-matched controls. Design Case-control study within the Leiden Longevity study cohort consisting of 20 middle-aged offspring of nonagenarian siblings (offspring) together with 18 partners (controls). Methods During 24 h, venous blood was sampled every 10 minutes for determination of circulatory ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Deconvolution analysis, cross approximate entropy analysis and ACTH-cortisol-dose response modeling were used to assess, respectively, ACTH and cortisol secretion parameters, feedforward and feedback synchrony and adrenal gland ACTH responsivity. Results Mean (95% Confidence Interval) basal ACTH secretion was higher in male offspring compared to male controls (645 (324-1286) ngl/L/24 h versus 240 (120-477) ng/L/24 h, P = 0.05). Other ACTH and cortisol secretion parameters did not differ between offspring and controls. In addition, no significant differences in feedforward and feedback synchrony and adrenal gland ACTH responsivity were observed between groups. Conclusions These results suggest that familial longevity is not associated with major differences in HPA-axis activity under resting conditions, although modest, sex-specific differences may exist between groups that might be clinically relevant.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sala ML, Röell B, van der Bijl N, van der Grond J, de Craen AJM, Slagboom EP, van der Geest R, de Roos A, Kroft LJM. Genetically determined prospect to become long-lived is associated with less abdominal fat and in particular less abdominal visceral fat in men. Age Ageing 2015; 44:713-7. [PMID: 25983277 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE familial longevity is marked by an exceptionally healthy metabolic profile and low prevalence of cardiometabolic disease observed already at middle age. We aim to investigate whether regional body fat distribution, which has previously shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk, is different in offspring of long-lived siblings compared with controls. METHODS our institutional review board approved the study, and all participants (n = 344, average age in years 65.6) gave written informed consent. Offspring (n = 175) of non-agenarian siblings were included. Their partners (n = 169) were enrolled as controls. For abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements, a single-slice 8.0 mm computed tomography (CT) acquisition was planned at the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra. In addition, participants underwent prospectively electrocardiography-triggered unenhanced volumetric CT of the heart. Abdominal VAT and SAT areas (cm(2)) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volumes (ml) were acquired by semi-automated segmentation techniques. Linear regression analysis was performed adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS total abdominal fat areas were smaller in male offspring compared with controls (353.0 versus 382.9 cm(2), P = 0.022). The association between low abdominal VAT areas in male offspring (149.7 versus 167.0 cm(2) in controls, P = 0.043) attenuated after additional adjustment for diabetes (P = 0.078). Differences were not observed for females. EAT volumes were similar between offspring of long-lived siblings and controls. CONCLUSION males who have genetically determined prospect to become long-lived have less abdominal fat and in particular less abdominal VAT compared with controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel L Sala
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Röell
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje van der Bijl
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Eline P Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van der Geest
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Albert de Roos
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia J M Kroft
- Department of Radiology, C3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Akintola AA, van den Berg A, van Buchem MA, Jansen SW, Slagboom EP, Westendorp RG, van der Grond J, van Heemst D. Associations between insulin action and integrity of brain microstructure differ with familial longevity and with age. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:92. [PMID: 26074813 PMCID: PMC4446544 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes have been associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and with structural and functional brain features. However, it is unclear whether these associations differ in individuals that differ in familial longevity or age. Here, we investigated the association between parameters of glucose metabolism and microstructural brain integrity in offspring of long-lived families (“offspring”) and controls; and age categories thereof. From the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS), 132 participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess glycemia [fasted glucose and glucose area-under-the-curve (AUC)], insulin resistance [fasted insulin, AUCinsulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], and pancreatic Beta cell secretory capacity (insulinogenic index). 3 Tesla MRI and Magnetization Transfer (MT) imaging MT-ratio (MTR) peak-height was used to quantify differences in microstructural brain parenchymal tissue homogeneity that remain invisible on conventional MRI. Analyses were performed in offspring and age-matched controls, with and without stratification for age. In the full offspring group only, reduced MTR peak-height in gray and white matter was inversely associated with AUCinsulin, fasted insulin, HOMA-IR and insulinogenic-index (all p < 0.01). When dichotomized for age (≤65 years and >65 years): in younger controls, significantly stronger inverse associations were observed between MTR peak-height and fasted glucose, AUCglucose, fasted insulin, AUCinsulin and HOMA-IR in gray matter; and for AUCglucose, fasted insulin and HOMA-IR in white matter (all P-interaction < 0.05). Although the strength of the associations tended to attenuate with age in the offspring group, the difference between age groups was not statistically significant. Thus, associations between impaired insulin action and reduced microstructural brain parenchymal tissue homogeneity were stronger in offspring compared to controls, and seemed to diminish with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola A Akintola
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands ; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden, Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Steffy W Jansen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eline P Slagboom
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudi G Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands ; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands ; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden, Netherlands ; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|