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Oh J, Kim B, Lee S. Effects of rifampin coadministration on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin: a real-world data approach. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2023; 31:148-153. [PMID: 37810625 PMCID: PMC10551748 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2023.31.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is commonly prescribed to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Because digoxin acts as a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), its blood concentration may be reduced by P-gp inducers such as rifampin. To assess the real-world implications of this drug-drug interaction, a retrospective analysis was carried out on the Clinical Data Warehouse at Seoul National University Hospital between 2012 and 2017. Eleven patients who received both digoxin and rifampin with satisfying the inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified. The Ctrough values of digoxin monotherapy were compared to those of the combination therapy with rifampin. Results demonstrated that the systemic exposure of orally administered digoxin decreased by 40% with the concurrent use of rifampin. Clinicians should be aware of potential drug interactions between digoxin and rifampin, as adjustments to digoxin dosage might be necessary for patients receiving rifampin or other P-gp inducer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungJin Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byungwook Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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2
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Identification of a Cardiac Glycoside Exhibiting Favorable Brain Bioavailability and Potency for Reducing Levels of the Cellular Prion Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314823. [PMID: 36499150 PMCID: PMC9736291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strands of investigation have established that a reduction in the levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a promising avenue for the treatment of prion diseases. We recently described an indirect approach for reducing PrPC levels that targets Na,K-ATPases (NKAs) with cardiac glycosides (CGs), causing cells to respond with the degradation of these pumps and nearby molecules, including PrPC. Because the therapeutic window of widely used CGs is narrow and their brain bioavailability is low, we set out to identify a CG with improved pharmacological properties for this indication. Starting with the CG known as oleandrin, we combined in silico modeling of CG binding poses within human NKA folds, CG structure-activity relationship (SAR) data, and predicted blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrance scores to identify CG derivatives with improved characteristics. Focusing on C4'-dehydro-oleandrin as a chemically accessible shortlisted CG derivative, we show that it reaches four times higher levels in the brain than in the heart one day after subcutaneous administration, exhibits promising pharmacological properties, and suppresses steady-state PrPC levels by 84% in immortalized human cells that have been differentiated to acquire neural or astrocytic characteristics. Finally, we validate that the mechanism of action of this approach for reducing cell surface PrPC levels requires C4'-dehydro-oleandrin to engage with its cognate binding pocket within the NKA α subunit. The improved brain bioavailability of C4'-dehydro-oleandrin, combined with its relatively low toxicity, make this compound an attractive lead for brain CG indications and recommends its further exploration for the treatment of prion diseases.
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Mohammadi S, Yang L, Bulbert M, Rowland HM. Defence mitigation by predators of chemically defended prey integrated over the predation sequence and across biological levels with a focus on cardiotonic steroids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220363. [PMID: 36133149 PMCID: PMC9449480 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions have long served as models for the investigation of adaptation and fitness in natural environments. Anti-predator defences such as mimicry and camouflage provide some of the best examples of evolution. Predators, in turn, have evolved sensory systems, cognitive abilities and physiological resistance to prey defences. In contrast to prey defences which have been reviewed extensively, the evolution of predator counter-strategies has received less attention. To gain a comprehensive view of how prey defences can influence the evolution of predator counter-strategies, it is essential to investigate how and when selection can operate. In this review we evaluate how predators overcome prey defences during (i) encounter, (ii) detection, (iii) identification, (iv) approach, (v) subjugation, and (vi) consumption. We focus on prey that are protected by cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-defensive compounds that are found in a wide range of taxa, and that have a specific physiological target. In this system, coevolution is well characterized between specialist insect herbivores and their host plants but evidence for coevolution between CTS-defended prey and their predators has received less attention. Using the predation sequence framework, we organize 574 studies reporting predators overcoming CTS defences, integrate these counter-strategies across biological levels of organization, and discuss the costs and benefits of attacking CTS-defended prey. We show that distinct lineages of predators have evolved dissecting behaviour, changes in perception of risk and of taste perception, and target-site insensitivity. We draw attention to biochemical, hormonal and microbiological strategies that have yet to be investigated as predator counter-adaptations to CTS defences. We show that the predation sequence framework will be useful for organizing future studies of chemically mediated systems and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohammadi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Institut für Zell- und Systembiologie der Tiere, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Lu Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Bulbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Oxford Brookes, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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4
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Mohammadi S, Yang L, Bulbert M, Rowland HM. Defence mitigation by predators of chemically defended prey integrated over the predation sequence and across biological levels with a focus on cardiotonic steroids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220363. [PMID: 36133149 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6168216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions have long served as models for the investigation of adaptation and fitness in natural environments. Anti-predator defences such as mimicry and camouflage provide some of the best examples of evolution. Predators, in turn, have evolved sensory systems, cognitive abilities and physiological resistance to prey defences. In contrast to prey defences which have been reviewed extensively, the evolution of predator counter-strategies has received less attention. To gain a comprehensive view of how prey defences can influence the evolution of predator counter-strategies, it is essential to investigate how and when selection can operate. In this review we evaluate how predators overcome prey defences during (i) encounter, (ii) detection, (iii) identification, (iv) approach, (v) subjugation, and (vi) consumption. We focus on prey that are protected by cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-defensive compounds that are found in a wide range of taxa, and that have a specific physiological target. In this system, coevolution is well characterized between specialist insect herbivores and their host plants but evidence for coevolution between CTS-defended prey and their predators has received less attention. Using the predation sequence framework, we organize 574 studies reporting predators overcoming CTS defences, integrate these counter-strategies across biological levels of organization, and discuss the costs and benefits of attacking CTS-defended prey. We show that distinct lineages of predators have evolved dissecting behaviour, changes in perception of risk and of taste perception, and target-site insensitivity. We draw attention to biochemical, hormonal and microbiological strategies that have yet to be investigated as predator counter-adaptations to CTS defences. We show that the predation sequence framework will be useful for organizing future studies of chemically mediated systems and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohammadi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Institut für Zell- und Systembiologie der Tiere, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Lu Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Bulbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Oxford Brookes, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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5
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Mehrabian M, Wang X, Eid S, Yan BQ, Grinberg M, Siegner M, Sackmann C, Sulman M, Zhao W, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G. Cardiac glycoside-mediated turnover of Na, K-ATPases as a rational approach to reducing cell surface levels of the cellular prion protein. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270915. [PMID: 35776750 PMCID: PMC9249225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely anticipated that a reduction of brain levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) can prolong survival in a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as prion diseases. To date, efforts to decrease steady-state PrPC levels by targeting this protein directly with small molecule drug-like compounds have largely been unsuccessful. Recently, we reported Na,K-ATPases to reside in immediate proximity to PrPC in the brain, unlocking an opportunity for an indirect PrPC targeting approach that capitalizes on the availability of potent cardiac glycosides (CGs). Here, we report that exposure of human co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes to non-toxic nanomolar levels of CGs causes profound reductions in PrPC levels. The mechanism of action underpinning this outcome relies primarily on a subset of CGs engaging the ATP1A1 isoform, one of three α subunits of Na,K-ATPases expressed in brain cells. Upon CG docking to ATP1A1, the ligand receptor complex, and PrPC along with it, is internalized by the cell. Subsequently, PrPC is channeled to the lysosomal compartment where it is digested in a manner that can be rescued by silencing the cysteine protease cathepsin B. These data signify that the repurposing of CGs may be beneficial for the treatment of prion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Mehrabian
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shehab Eid
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bei Qi Yan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murdock Siegner
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Sackmann
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Sulman
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenda Zhao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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6
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Lai Y, Chu X, Di L, Gao W, Guo Y, Liu X, Lu C, Mao J, Shen H, Tang H, Xia CQ, Zhang L, Ding X. Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2751-2777. [PMID: 35755285 PMCID: PMC9214059 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences. The nature of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and PK (pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade, not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME, target organ exposure, and toxicity, but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions. The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety, as well as the interplay with metabolic processes, has been increasingly recognized. Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and antibody-drug conjugates, necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties. In this review, we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade, and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yingying Guo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46221, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chuang Lu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Accent Therapeutics, Inc. Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jialin Mao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Huaping Tang
- Bioanalysis and Biomarkers, Glaxo Smith Kline, King of the Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Cindy Q. Xia
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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7
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Giroux P, Kyle PB, Tan C, Edwards JD, Nowicki MJ, Liu H. Evaluating the regulation of transporter proteins and P-glycoprotein in rats with cholestasis and its implication for digoxin clearance. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2022; 13:73-84. [PMID: 35720166 PMCID: PMC9157686 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v13.i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac and hepatic functionality are intertwined in a multifaceted relationship. Pathologic processes involving one may affect the other through a variety of mechanisms, including hemodynamic and membrane transport effects.
AIM To better understand the effect of extrahepatic cholestasis on regulations of membrane transporters involving digoxin and its implication for digoxin clearance.
METHODS Twelve adult rats were included in this study; baseline hepatic and renal laboratory values and digoxin pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were established before evenly dividing them into two groups to undergo bile duct ligation (BDL) or a sham procedure. After 7 d repeat digoxin PK studies were completed and tissue samples were taken to determine the expressions of cell membrane transport proteins by quantitative western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using SigmaStat 3.5. Means between pre-surgery and post-surgery in the same experimental group were compared by paired t-test, while independent t-test was employed to compare the means between sham and BDL groups.
RESULTS Digoxin clearance was decreased and liver function, but not renal function, was impaired in BDL rats. BDL resulted in significant up-regulation of multidrug resistance 1 expression in the liver and kidney and its down-regulation in the small intestine. Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP)1A4 was up-regulated in the liver but down-regulated in intestine after BDL. OATP4C1 expression was markedly increased in the kidney following BDL.
CONCLUSION The results suggest that cell membrane transporters of digoxin are regulated during extrahepatic cholestasis. These regulations are favorable for increasing digoxin excretion in the kidney and decreasing its absorption from the intestine to compensate for reduced digoxin clearance due to cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Giroux
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Patrick B Kyle
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, United States
| | - Joseph D Edwards
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Michael J Nowicki
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
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8
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He J, Biswas R, Bugde P, Li J, Liu DX, Li Y. Application of CRISPR-Cas9 System to Study Biological Barriers to Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050894. [PMID: 35631480 PMCID: PMC9147533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, sequence-specific clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems have been widely used in genome editing of various cell types and organisms. The most developed and broadly used CRISPR-Cas system, CRISPR-Cas9, has benefited from the proof-of-principle studies for a better understanding of the function of genes associated with drug absorption and disposition. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) screen study also facilitates the identification of novel genes in which loss alters drug permeability across biological membranes and thus modulates the efficacy and safety of drugs. Compared with conventional heterogeneous expression models or other genome editing technologies, CRISPR-Cas9 gene manipulation techniques possess significant advantages, including ease of design, cost-effectiveness, greater on-target DNA cleavage activity and multiplexing capabilities, which makes it possible to study the interactions between membrane proteins and drugs more accurately and efficiently. However, many mechanistic questions and challenges regarding CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing are yet to be addressed, ranging from off-target effects to large-scale genetic alterations. In this review, an overview of the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 in mammalian genome editing will be introduced, as well as the application of CRISPR-Cas9 in studying the barriers to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji He
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (J.L.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Riya Biswas
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (J.L.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Piyush Bugde
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (J.L.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (J.L.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (J.L.); (D.-X.L.)
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (J.L.); (D.-X.L.)
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9921-9999 (ext. 7109)
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9
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Kammala A, Benson M, Ganguly E, Richardson L, Menon R. Functional role and regulation of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the fetal membrane during drug transportation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13515. [PMID: 34873775 PMCID: PMC8776608 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Na+ /H+ exchange regulatory factor-1 (NHERF-1) is a class I PDZ (PSD95/Discs-large/ZO-1) binding protein involved in cell-surface expression and stabilization of transporter proteins, including permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in various cell types. P-gp, expressed in placental trophoblasts, is an efflux transporter protein that influences the pharmacokinetics of various drugs used during pregnancy. Previously we have reported that NHERF-1 regulates fetal membrane inflammation. However, the role of NHERF-1 in regulating P-gp in the fetal membrane during drug transportation remains unclear. This study determined the interplay between NHERF-1 and P-gp in human fetal membrane cells. METHODS Fetal membranes from normal, term cesareans were screened for P-gp by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Chorionic trophoblast (CTC), with the highest expression of P-gp among fetal membrane cells, was further used to test interactive properties between NHERF-1 and P-gp. BeWo (placental trophoblast cell line) cells were used as a control. Immunoprecipitation (IP) of CTC lysates using the P-gp antibody followed by western blot determined co-precipitation of NHERF-1. Silencing NHERF-1 using small interfering RNA further tested the relevance of NHERF-1 in P-gp expression and function in CTC and BeWo cells. NHERF-1 regulation of P-gp's efflux function (drug resistance) was further tested using the ENZOTM efflux dye kit. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry localized, and western blot confirmed P-gp in human fetal membranes, primarily in the CTC with limited expression in the amnion epithelial layer. P-gp expression in the membranes was similar to that seen in the placenta. IP data showed P-gp co-precipitating with NHERF1. Silencing of NHERF-1 resulted in significant drug resistance suggesting P-gp function mediated through NHERF1 in CTCs. CONCLUSION Proinflammatory mediator NHERF-1 regulates P-gp and control drug transportation across the fetal membranes. Our data suggest a novel functional role for fetal membranes during pregnancy. Besides the placenta, fetal membranes may also regulate efflux of materials at the feto-maternal interface and control drug transport during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ramkumar Menon
- Corresponding author: Ramkumar Menon, Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Director of the Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, USA
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10
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (Review of Literature). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111696. [PMID: 34769124 PMCID: PMC8584095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomic studies in epilepsy are justified by the high prevalence rate of this disease and the high cost of its treatment, frequent drug resistance, different response to the drug, the possibility of using reliable methods to assess the control of seizures and side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Candidate genes encode proteins involved in pharmacokinetic processes (drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes), pharmacodynamic processes (receptors, ion channels, enzymes, regulatory proteins, secondary messengers) and drug hypersensitivity (immune factors). This article provides an overview of the literature on the influence of genetic factors on treatment in epilepsy.
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11
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Pharmaceutical Formulations with P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Effect as Promising Approaches for Enhancing Oral Drug Absorption and Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071103. [PMID: 34371794 PMCID: PMC8309061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is crucial in the active transport of various substrates with diverse structures out of cells, resulting in poor intestinal permeation and limited bioavailability following oral administration. P-gp inhibitors, including small molecule drugs, natural constituents, and pharmaceutically inert excipients, have been exploited to overcome P-gp efflux and enhance the oral absorption and bioavailability of many P-gp substrates. The co-administration of small molecule P-gp inhibitors with P-gp substrates can result in drug–drug interactions and increased side effects due to the pharmacological activity of these molecules. On the other hand, pharmaceutically inert excipients, including polymers, surfactants, and lipid-based excipients, are safe, pharmaceutically acceptable, and are not absorbed from the gut. Notably, they can be incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug solubility, absorption, and bioavailability due to the formulation itself and the P-gp inhibitory effects of the excipients. Different formulations with inherent P-gp inhibitory activity have been developed. These include micelles, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, and solid dispersions. They can bypass P-gp by different mechanisms related to their properties. In this review, we briefly introduce P-gp and P-gp inhibitors, and we extensively summarize the current development of oral drug delivery systems that can bypass and inhibit P-gp to improve the oral absorption and bioavailability of P-gp substrates. Since many drugs are limited by P-gp-mediated efflux, this review is helpful for designing suitable formulations of P-gp substrates to enhance their oral absorption and bioavailability.
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12
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Zhang D, Wei C, Hop CECA, Wright MR, Hu M, Lai Y, Khojasteh SC, Humphreys WG. Intestinal Excretion, Intestinal Recirculation, and Renal Tubule Reabsorption Are Underappreciated Mechanisms That Drive the Distribution and Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Small Molecule Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7045-7059. [PMID: 34010555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug reabsorption following biliary excretion is well-known as enterohepatic recirculation (EHR). Renal tubular reabsorption (RTR) following renal excretion is also common but not easily assessed. Intestinal excretion (IE) and enteroenteric recirculation (EER) have not been recognized as common disposition mechanisms for metabolically stable and permeable drugs. IE and intestinal reabsorption (IR:EHR/EER), as well as RTR, are governed by dug concentration gradients, passive diffusion, active transport, and metabolism, and together they markedly impact disposition and pharmacokinetics (PK) of small molecule drugs. Disruption of IE, IR, or RTR through applications of active charcoal (AC), transporter knockout (KO), and transporter inhibitors can lead to changes in PK parameters. The impacts of intestinal and renal reabsorption on PK are under-appreciated. Although IE and EER/RTR can be an intrinsic drug property, there is no apparent strategy to optimize compounds based on this property. This review seeks to improve understanding and applications of IE, IR, and RTR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew R Wright
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ming Hu
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - W Griff Humphreys
- Aranmore Pharma Consulting, 11 Andrew Drive, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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13
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Asano S, Yoshitomo A, Hozuki S, Sato H, Kazuki Y, Hisaka A. A New Intestinal Model for Analysis of Drug Absorption and Interactions Considering Physiological Translocation of Contents. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:581-591. [PMID: 33962977 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise prediction of drug absorption is key to the success of new drug development and efficacious pharmacotherapy. In this study, we developed a new absorption model, the advanced translocation model (ATOM), by extending our previous model, the translocation model. ATOM reproduces the translocation of a substance in the intestinal lumen using a partial differential equation with variable dispersion and convection terms to describe natural flow and micromixing within the intestine under not only fasted but also fed conditions. In comparison with ATOM, it was suggested that a conventional absorption model, advanced compartmental absorption and transit model, tends to underestimate micromixing in the upper intestine, and it is difficult to adequately describe movements under the fasted and fed conditions. ATOM explains the observed nonlinear absorption of midazolam successfully, with a minimal number of scaling factors. Furthermore, ATOM considers the apical and basolateral membrane permeabilities of enterocytes separately and assumes compartmentation of the lamina propria, including blood vessels, to consider intestinal blood flow appropriately. ATOM estimates changes in the intestinal availability caused by drug interaction associated with inhibition of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in the intestine. Additionally, ATOM can estimate the drug absorption in the fed state considering delayed intestinal drug flow. Therefore, ATOM is a useful tool for the analysis of local pharmacokinetics in the gastrointestinal tract, especially for the estimation of nonlinear drug absorption, which may involve various interactions with intestinal contents or other drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The newly developed advanced translocation model precisely explains various movements of intestinal contents under fasted and fed conditions, which cannot be adequately described by the current physiological pharmacokinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Aoi Yoshitomo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hozuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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14
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Borst P. Looking back at multidrug resistance (MDR) research and ten mistakes to be avoided when writing about ABC transporters in MDR. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4001-4011. [PMID: 33111311 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a personal, selective, and sometimes critical retrospective of the history of ABC transporters in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, overrepresenting discoveries of some early pioneers, long forgotten, and highlights of research in Amsterdam, mainly focussing on discoveries made with disruptions of ABC genes in mice (KO mice) and on the role of ABC transporters in causing drug resistance in a mouse model of mammary cancer. The history is complemented by a list of erroneous concepts often found in papers and grant applications submitted anno 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Borst
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Rosa B. Equine Drug Transporters: A Mini-Review and Veterinary Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111064. [PMID: 33171593 PMCID: PMC7695171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic transport proteins play an important role in determining drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Our understanding of the role of these important proteins in humans and pre-clinical animal species has increased substantially over the past few decades, and has had an important impact on human medicine; however, veterinary medicine has not benefitted from the same quantity of research into drug transporters in species of veterinary interest. Differences in transporter expression cause difficulties in extrapolation of drug pharmacokinetic parameters between species, and lack of knowledge of species-specific transporter distribution and function can lead to drug–drug interactions and adverse effects. Horses are one species in which little is known about drug transport and transporter protein expression. The purpose of this mini-review is to stimulate interest in equine drug transport proteins and comparative transporter physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Rosa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, TRW 2D01, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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16
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Kowalski P, Baum M, Körten M, Donath A, Dobler S. ABCB transporters in a leaf beetle respond to sequestered plant toxins. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201311. [PMID: 32873204 PMCID: PMC7542790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects can tolerate and detoxify toxic compounds present in their host plants and have evolved intricate adaptations to this end. Some insects even sequester the toxins for their defence. This necessitates specific mechanisms, especially carrier proteins that regulate uptake and transport to specific storage sites or protect sensitive tissues from noxious compounds. We identified three ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporters from the transcriptome of the cardenolide-sequestering leaf beetle Chrysochus auratus and analysed their functional role in the sequestration process. These were heterologously expressed and tested for their ability to interact with various potential substrates: verapamil (standard ABCB substrate), the cardenolides digoxin (commonly used), cymarin (present in the species's host plant) and calotropin (present in the ancestral host plants). Verapamil stimulated all three ABCBs and each was activated by at least one cardenolide, however, they differed as to which they were activated by. While the expression of the most versatile transporter fits with a protective role in the blood-brain barrier, the one specific for cymarin shows an extreme abundance in the elytra, coinciding with the location of the defensive glands. Our data thus suggest a key role of ABCBs in the transport network needed for cardenolide sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kowalski
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Baum
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Körten
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Donath
- ZFMK, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Dobler
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Seo S, Kim H, Sung JH, Choi N, Lee K, Kim HN. Microphysiological systems for recapitulating physiology and function of blood-brain barrier. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119732. [PMID: 31901694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are emerging as a major issue in an aging society. Although extensive research has focused on the development of CNS drugs, the limited transport of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major challenge. Conventional two-dimensional culture dishes do not recapitulate in vivo physiology and real-time observations of molecular transport are not possible in animal models. Recent advances in engineering techniques have enabled the generation of more physiologically relevant in vitro BBB models, and their applications have expanded from fundamental biological research to practical applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we provide an overview of recent advances in the development of in vitro BBB models, with a particular focus on the recapitulation of BBB function. The development of biomimetic BBB models is postulated to revolutionize not only fundamental biological studies but also drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeong Seo
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwieun Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Utility of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Point-of-Care Decisions: An Example Using Digoxin Dosing in Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration. Ther Drug Monit 2019; 42:1-5. [PMID: 31593032 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a patient on continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and hypotension requiring vasopressor use, which warranted digoxin therapy. In the absence of guidelines specifying appropriate digoxin dosing in patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, anecdotal evidence-guided digoxin dosing was performed for this patient using plasma digoxin concentration-based therapeutic drug monitoring. We use this case to demonstrate the potential role of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in assisting therapeutic decision making.
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19
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Abstract
Background: A major concern for clinicians in prescribing medications to pregnant women and neonates is the possibility that drugs might have damaging effects, particularly on long-term brain development. Current understanding of drug permeability at placental and blood-brain barriers during development is poor. In adults, ABC transporters limit many drugs from entering the brain; however, little is known about their function during development. Methods: The transfer of clinically relevant doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen), digoxin and cimetidine into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was estimated using radiolabelled drugs in Sprague Dawley rats at three developmental stages: E19, P4 and adult. Drugs were applied intraperitoneally either acutely or following chronic exposure (for five days). Entry into brain, CSF and transfer across the placenta was measured and compared to three markers (L-glucose, sucrose, glycerol) that cross barriers by "passive diffusion". The expression of ABC transporters in the brain, choroid plexus and placenta was estimated using RT-qPCR. Results: All three drugs entered the developing brain and CSF in higher amounts than the adult brain and CSF. Comparisons with "passive" permeability markers suggested that this might be due to age-related differences in the functional capacity of ABC-efflux mechanisms. In adult animals, chronic treatment reduced digoxin (12% to 5%, p<0.01) and paracetamol (30% to 21%, p<0.05) entry compared to acute treatment, with the decrease in digoxin entry correlating with up-regulation of efflux transporter abcb1a (PGP). In fetal and newborn animals, no gene up-regulation or transfer decreases were observed. Instead, chronic paracetamol treatment resulted in increased transfer into the fetal brain (66% to 104%, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the developing brain may be more at risk from acute drug exposure than the adult brain due to reduced efflux capacity and at greater risk from chronic treatment due to a lack of efflux mechanism regulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Koehn
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Habgood
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Dziegielewska
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Norman Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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20
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Zhou X, Ma Y, Liu F, Gu C, Wang X, Xia H, Zhou G, Huang J, Luo X, Yang J. Melanocyte Chitosan/Gelatin Composite Fabrication with Human Outer Root Sheath-Derived Cells to Produce Pigment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5198. [PMID: 30914712 PMCID: PMC6435804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle serves as a melanocyte reservoir for both hair and skin pigmentation. Melanocyte stem cells (MelSCs) and melanocyte progenitors reside in the bulge/sub-bulge region of the lower permanent portion of the hair follicle and play a vital role for repigmentation in vitiligo. It would be beneficial to isolate MelSCs in order to further study their function in pigmentary disorders; however, due to the lack of specific molecular surface markers, this has not yet been successfully accomplished in human hair follicles (HuHF). One potential method for MelSCs isolation is the “side population” technique, which is frequently used to isolate hematopoietic and tumor stem cells. In the present study, we decided to isolate HuHF MelSCs using “side population” to investigate their melanotic function. By analyzing mRNA expression of TYR, SOX10, and MITF, melanosome structure, and immunofluorescence with melanocyte-specific markers, we revealed that the SP-fraction contained MelSCs with an admixture of differentiated melanocytes. Furthermore, our in vivo studies indicated that differentiated SP-fraction cells, when fabricated into a cell-chitosan/gelatin composite, could transiently repopulate immunologically compromised mice skin to regain pigmentation. In summary, the SP technique is capable of isolating HuHF MelSCs that can potentially be used to repopulate skin for pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Xinjiang Korla Bazhou People's Hospital, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huitang Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinny Huang
- Department of Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xusong Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Gessner A, König J, Fromm MF. Clinical Aspects of Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:1386-1394. [PMID: 30648735 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug transporters play an essential role in disposition and effects of multiple drugs. Plasma concentrations of the victim drug can be modified by drug-drug interactions occurring in enterocytes (e.g., P-glycoprotein), hepatocytes (e.g., organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)), and/or renal proximal tubular cells (e.g., organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)/multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 and 2-K (MATE1/MATE2-K)). In addition, transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions can cause altered local tissue concentrations and possibly altered effects/toxicity (e.g., in liver and kidneys). During drug development, there is now an intensive in vitro screening of new molecular entities as transporter substrates and inhibitors, followed if necessary by drug-drug interaction studies in healthy volunteers. Nevertheless, there are still unresolved issues, which will also be discussed in this review article (e.g., the clinical significance of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions of particular relevance to the elderly who are prescribed multiple drugs, with additional impaired liver or kidney function, and the extent to which medication safety in real life could be improved by a reduction of those interactions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Gessner
- 1Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- 1Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- 1Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Abstract
The transport of specific molecules across lipid membranes is an essential function of all living organisms. The processes are usually mediated by specific transporters. One of the largest transporter families is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family. More than 40 ABC transporters have been identified in human, which are divided into 7 subfamilies (ABCA to ABCG) based on their gene structure, amino acid sequence, domain organization, and phylogenetic analysis. Of them, at least 11 ABC transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-GP/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) development. These ABC transporters are expressed in various tissues such as the liver, intestine, kidney, and brain, playing important roles in absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. Some ABC transporters are also involved in diverse cellular processes such as maintenance of osmotic homeostasis, antigen processing, cell division, immunity, cholesterol, and lipid trafficking. Several human diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sitosterolemia, Tangier disease, intrahepatic cholestasis, and retinal degeneration are associated with mutations in corresponding transporters. This chapter will describe function and expression of several ABC transporters (such as P-GP, BCRP, and MRPs), their substrates and inhibitors, as well as their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Thiollier T, Wu C, Porras G, Bezard E, Li Q, Zhang J, Contamin H. Microdialysis in awake macaque monkeys for central nervous system pharmacokinetics. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:314-321. [PMID: 30891581 PMCID: PMC6388052 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain bioavailability of novel small molecules developed to address central nervous system disease is classically documented through ex vivo or in vivo analyses conducted in rodent models. Data acquired in rodent models are, however, not easily transferrable to human as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles of the species are quite different. METHODS Using drugs selected for their differential transport across the blood-brain barrier, we here demonstrate the feasibility of brain microdialysis in normal vigil macaque monkey by measuring brain extracellular fluid bioavailability of carbamazepine, digoxin, oxycodone, and quinidine. RESULTS All drugs, but digoxin, were found in dialysate samples. Drugs that are substrate of P-glycoprotein show a difference of bioavailability or brain pharmacokinetic parameters between rodents and primates. CONCLUSION Data suggest that brain microdialysis in vigil macaque monkey, the species of choice for classic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies could help predicting human brain bioavailability of a small molecule depending on the protein involved in the efflux transport from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Thiollier
- CynbioseMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de BordeauxInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
- CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de BordeauxInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
- CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
- Motac NeuroscienceManchesterUK
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChina Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing CityPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Motac NeuroscienceManchesterUK
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChina Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing CityPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Caldeira TG, Ruiz-Picazo A, Lozoya-Agullo I, Saúde-Guimarães DA, González-Álvarez M, de Souza J, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M. Determination of intestinal permeability using in situ perfusion model in rats: Challenges and advantages to BCS classification applied to digoxin. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:148-157. [PMID: 30218825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to describe the closed loop in situ perfusion method in rats and to compare the difficulties and advantages with other methods proposed by regulatory agencies for BCS classification and finally to illustrate its application to evaluate the permeability of digoxin at relevant clinical concentrations. Digoxin was evaluated at two concentration levels: 1.0 μg/ml (with and without sodium azide 65.0 μg/ml) and 6.0 μg/ml. These concentrations correspond to the ratio of the highest dose strength (0.25 mg) and the highest single dose administered (1.5 mg) and the 250 ml of water. In situ closed loop perfusion studies in rats were performed in the whole small intestine and also in duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments to evaluate the relevance of P-gp secretion in the overall permeability. A kinetic modelling approach involving passive permeation and efflux transport mechanism allowed the estimation of the passive diffusional component and the Michaelis-menten parameters. The estimated Km value demonstrated that at clinical luminal concentrations the efflux process is not saturated and then it could be inhibited by other drugs, excipients or food components leading to the already reported clinical drug-drug and drug-food interations. The present data confirms from a mechanistic point of view these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Guedes Caldeira
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Lozoya-Agullo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Mihajlica N, Betsholtz C, Hammarlund-Udenaes M. Pharmacokinetics of pericyte involvement in small-molecular drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Effects of Phytochemical P-Glycoprotein Modulators on the Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Doxorubicin in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020349. [PMID: 29414892 PMCID: PMC6017107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pungent spice constituents such as piperine, capsaicin and [6]-gingerol consumed via daily diet or traditional Chinese medicine, have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities. These dietary phytochemicals have also been reported to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro and act as an alternative to synthetic P-gp modulators. However, the in vivo effects on P-gp inhibition are currently unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that phytochemical P-gp inhibitors, i.e., piperine, capsaicin and [6]-gingerol, modulate the in vivo tissue distribution of doxorubicin, a representative P-gp substrate. Mice were divided into four groups and each group was pretreated with intraperitoneal injections of control vehicle, piperine, capsaicin, or [6]-gingerol and doxorubicin (1 mg/kg) was administered via the penile vein. The concentrations of the phytochemicals and doxorubicin in the plasma and tissues were determined by LC-MS/MS. The overall plasma concentration-time profiles of doxorubicin were not significantly affected by piperine, capsaicin, or [6]-gingerol. In contrast, doxorubicin accumulation was observed in tissues pretreated with piperine or capsaicin. The tissue to plasma partition coefficients, Kp, for the liver and kidney were higher in the piperine-pretreated group, while the Kp for kidney, brain and liver were higher in the capsaicin-pretreated group. [6]-Gingerol did not affect doxorubicin tissue distribution. The data demonstrated that the phytochemicals modulated doxorubicin tissue distribution, which suggested their potential to induce food-drug interactions and act as a strategy for the delivery of P-gp substrate drugs to target tissues and tumors.
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Ozgür B, Saaby L, Langthaler K, Brodin B. Characterization of the IPEC-J2 MDR1 (iP-gp) cell line as a tool for identification of P-gp substrates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:112-121. [PMID: 29146563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we transfected the porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2, with human P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1). The resulting cell line, iP-gp, has a high expression of functional human P-gp in the apical membrane, and a low expression of nonhuman ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The aim of the present work was to investigate the usability of iP-gp cell line for determining transepithelial transport kinetics of the prototypical P-gp substrates digoxin and rhodamine 123. The cell line generated tight monolayers after 16days of culture, reflected by high transepithelial electrical resistance values (TEER>15,000Ω·cm2), immunocytochemistry and low fluxes of the paracellular flux marker [14C]-mannitol. Monolayer integrity was not affected the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and ethanol in concentrations up to 2% (v/v). Transepithelial fluxes of [3H]-labeled digoxin and rhodamine 123 were measured at varying donor concentrations, and kinetic parameters were estimated. Km and Vmax of P-gp mediated basolateral-to-apical (B-A) flux of rhodamine 123 were estimated to 332±124μM and 111±16pmol·cm-2·min-1 (n=3, total N=6), respectively. Vmax and Km of digoxin B-A flux could not be estimated due to the low aqueous solubility of digoxin. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the selective P-gp inhibitor, zosuquidar (LY-335979), were estimated to 0.05±0.01μM (n=3, total N=6) and 0.04±0.01μM (n=3, total N=6) in transport experiments with digoxin and rhodamine 123 as substrates, respectively. Bidirectional fluxes of digoxin and rhodamine 123 were measured in transfected Madin Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK II MDR1) and compared with the fluxes obtained with the iP-gp cell monolayers. Efflux ratios were highest in the iP-gp cells, due to a tighter paracellular pathway. In conclusion, both digoxin and rhodamine 123 could be used to obtain IC50 values of inhibition, Ki values were only possible to obtain using rhodamine 123. The observed tightness, robustness towards solvents and the high efflux ratios confirmed that the iP-gp cell line may serve as a useful screening tool for investigations of substrate-P-gp interactions and modulation of P-gp function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Ozgür
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Saaby
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer-FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birger Brodin
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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A Critical View on In Vitro Analysis of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Transport Kinetics. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2257-2264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li Y, Revalde J, Paxton JW. The effects of dietary and herbal phytochemicals on drug transporters. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 116:45-62. [PMID: 27637455 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporter proteins (the ABC transporters and SLC transporters) play pivotal roles in drug absorption and disposition, and thus determine their efficacy and safety. Accumulating evidence suggests that the expression and activity of these transporters may be modulated by various phytochemicals (PCs) found in diets rich in plants and herbs. PC absorption and disposition are also subject to the function of membrane transporter and drug metabolizing enzymes. PC-drug interactions may involve multiple major drug transporters (and metabolizing enzymes) in the body, leading to alterations in the pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs, and thus their efficacy and toxicity. This review summarizes the reported in vitro and in vivo interactions between common dietary PCs and the major drug transporters. The oral absorption, distribution into pharmacological sanctuaries and excretion of substrate drugs and PCs are considered, along with their possible interactions with the ABC and SLC transporters which influence these processes.
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Qureshi-Baig K, Ullmann P, Haan S, Letellier E. Tumor-Initiating Cells: a criTICal review of isolation approaches and new challenges in targeting strategies. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:40. [PMID: 28209178 PMCID: PMC5314476 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers contain a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Targeting TICs may be essential to achieve cure, because of their self-renewal and tumorigenic properties as well as their resistance to conventional therapies. Despite significant advances in TIC biology, their isolation and identification remain largely disputed and incompletely established. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in isolation and culturing approaches of TICs, with focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). We feature recent findings on TIC-relevant signaling pathways and the metabolic identity of TICs, as well as their current clinical implications. Lastly, we highlight the influence of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity on TIC function and targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Qureshi-Baig
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pit Ullmann
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Petropoulos S, Kalabis GM, Gibb W, Matthews SG. Functional Changes of Mouse Placental Multidrug Resistance Phosphoglycoprotein (ABCB1) With Advancing Gestation and Regulation by Progesterone. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:321-8. [PMID: 17644804 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107303856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance phosphoglycoprotein (ABCB1) has been shown to limit maternal-fetal transfer by actively excluding ABCB1 substrates. The authors have previously demonstrated a marked decrease in placental ABCB1 expression in the human and mouse with advancing gestation. In the present study, it is hypothesized that the decrease in ABCB1 expression will result in increased transplacental transfer of ABCB1 substrates over the second half of gestation and that progesterone exhibits a regulatory role on placental ABCB1 expression and function. The authors demonstrate a significant increase in transplacental transfer of [(3)H]digoxin (an ABCB1 substrate) in late gestation (E18.5; P < .001) when compared to earlier embryonic days. Furthermore, maternal plasma progesterone levels did not influence expression or function of ABCB1. The authors conclude that the fetus is increasingly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous substrates of ABCB1 present in the maternal circulation with advancing gestation and that progesterone does not elicit a regulatory role on placental ABCB1 expression or function in vivo.
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Akazawa T, Uchida Y, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T. Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics of Transporters and Pharmacoproteomics-Based Reconstruction of P-Glycoprotein Function in Mouse Small Intestine. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2443-56. [PMID: 27276518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a pharmacokinetic model integrating in vitro mdr1a efflux activity (which we previously reported) with in vitro/in vivo differences in protein expression level can reconstruct intestinal mdr1a function. In situ intestinal permeability-surface area product ratio between wild-type and mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice is one of the parameters used to describe intestinal mdr1a function. The reconstructed ratios of six mdr1a substrates (dexamethasone, digoxin, loperamide, quinidine, verapamil, vinblastine) and one nonsubstrate (diazepam) were consistent with the observed values reported by Adachi et al. within 2.1-fold difference. Thus, intestinal mdr1a function can be reconstructed by our pharmacoproteomic modeling approach. Furthermore, we evaluated regional differences in protein expression levels of mouse intestinal transporters. Sixteen (mdr1a, mrp4, bcrp, abcg5, abcg8, glut1, 4f2hc, sglt1, lat2, pept1, mct1, slc22a18, ostβ, villin1, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, γ-gtp) out of 46 target molecules were detected by employing our established quantitative targeted absolute proteomics technique. The protein expression amounts of mdr1a and bcrp increased progressively from duodenum to ileum. Sglt1, lat2, and 4f2hc were highly expressed in jejunum and ileum. Mct1 and ostβ were highly expressed in ileum. The quantitative expression profiles established here should be helpful to understand and predict intestinal transporter functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Akazawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Wolking S, Schaeffeler E, Lerche H, Schwab M, Nies AT. Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms of ABCB1 (MDR1, P-Glycoprotein) on Drug Disposition and Potential Clinical Implications: Update of the Literature. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 54:709-35. [PMID: 25860377 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein; multidrug resistance protein 1) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux transporter located in the plasma membrane of many different cell types. Numerous structurally unrelated compounds, including drugs and environmental toxins, have been identified as substrates. ABCB1 limits the absorption of xenobiotics from the gut lumen, protects sensitive tissues (e.g. the brain, fetus and testes) from xenobiotics and is involved in biliary and renal secretion of its substrates. In recent years, a large number of polymorphisms of the ABCB1 [ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1] gene have been described. The variants 1236C>T (rs1128503, p.G412G), 2677G>T/A (rs2032582, p.A893S/T) and 3435C>T (rs1045642, p.I1145I) occur at high allele frequencies and create a common haplotype; therefore, they have been most widely studied. This review provides an overview of clinical studies published between 2002 and March 2015. In summary, the effect of ABCB1 variation on P-glycoprotein expression (messenger RNA and protein expression) and/or activity in various tissues (e.g. the liver, gut and heart) appears to be small. Although polymorphisms and haplotypes of ABCB1 have been associated with alterations in drug disposition and drug response, including adverse events with various ABCB1 substrates in different ethnic populations, the results have been majorly conflicting, with limited clinical relevance. Future research activities are warranted, considering a deep-sequencing approach, as well as well-designed clinical studies with appropriate sample sizes to elucidate the impact of rare ABCB1 variants and their potential consequences for effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Khalilieh S, Feng HP, Hulskotte EGJ, Wenning LA, Butterton JR. Clinical pharmacology profile of boceprevir, a hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitor: focus on drug-drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 54:599-614. [PMID: 25787025 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Boceprevir is a potent, orally administered ketoamide inhibitor that targets the active site of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural (NS) 3 protease. The addition of boceprevir to peginterferon plus ribavirin resulted in higher rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) than for peginterferon plus ribavirin alone in phase III studies in both previously treated and untreated patients with HCV infection. Because boceprevir is metabolized by metabolic routes common to many other drugs, and is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5, there is a high potential for drug-drug interactions when boceprevir is administered with other therapies, particularly when treating patients with chronic HCV infection who are often receiving other medications concomitantly. Boceprevir is no longer widely used in the US or EU due to the introduction of second-generation treatments for HCV infection. However, in many other geographic regions, first-generation protease inhibitors such as boceprevir continue to form an important treatment option for patients with HCV infection. This review summarizes the interactions between boceprevir and other therapeutic agents commonly used in this patient population, indicating dose adjustment requirements where needed. Most drug interactions do not affect boceprevir plasma concentrations to a clinically meaningful extent, and thus efficacy is likely to be maintained when boceprevir is coadministered with the majority of other therapeutics. Overall, the drug-drug interaction profile of boceprevir suggests that this agent is suitable for use in a wide range of HCV-infected patients receiving concomitant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauzanne Khalilieh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Merck & Co., 1 Merck Drive, Kenilworth, NJ, 08889, USA
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Renaud HJ, Klaassen CD, Csanaky IL. Calorie Restriction Increases P-Glycoprotein and Decreases Intestinal Absorption of Digoxin in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:366-9. [PMID: 26744253 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is wide variation in how patients respond to therapeutics. Factors that contribute to pharmacokinetic variations include disease, genetics, drugs, age, and diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calorie restriction on the expression of Abcb1a in the intestine and whether calorie restriction can alter the absorption of an Abcb1a substrate (i.e., digoxin) in mice. Ten-week-old C57BL/6 mice were given either an ad libitum diet or a 25% calorie-restricted diet for 3 weeks. To determine digoxin absorption, mice were administered [(3)H]-labeled digoxin by oral gavage. Blood and intestine with contents were collected at 1, 2, 4, and 12 hours after digoxin administration. Concentrations of [(3)H]-digoxin in plasma and tissues were determined by liquid scintillation. Calorie restriction decreased plasma digoxin concentrations (about 60%) at 1, 2, and 4 hours after administration. Additionally, digoxin concentrations in the small intestine of calorie-restricted mice were elevated at 4 and 12 hours after administration. Furthermore, calorie restriction increased Abcb1a transcripts in the duodenum (4.5-fold) and jejunum (12.5-fold). To confirm a role of Abcb1a in the altered digoxin pharmacokinetics induced by calorie restriction, the experiment was repeated in Abcb1a/b-null mice 4 hours after drug administration. No difference in intestine or plasma digoxin concentrations were observed between ad libitum-fed and calorie-restricted Abcb1a/b-null mice. Thus, these findings support the hypothesis that calorie restriction increases intestinal Abcb1a expression, leading to decreased absorption of digoxin in mice. Because Abcb1a transports a wide variety of therapeutics, these results may be of important clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Renaud
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Saaby L, Helms HCC, Brodin B. IPEC-J2 MDR1, a Novel High-Resistance Cell Line with Functional Expression of Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) for Drug Screening Studies. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:640-52. [PMID: 26651362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump has been shown to affect drug distribution and absorption in various organs and to cause drug resistance in cancer therapy. The aim of this work was to develop a cell line to serve as a screening system for potential substrates of P-gp. This requires a cell line with high paracellular tightness, low expression of nonhuman ABC transporters, and high expression of functional human P-gp (ABCB1). The porcine intestinal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2, was selected as a transfection host, due to its ability to form extremely high-resistance monolayers (>10,000 Ω·cm(2)) and its low endogenous expression of ABC-type efflux transporters. The IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with a plasmid that contained the sequence of the human MDR1 gene, which encodes P-gp, followed by a selection of successfully transfected cells with geneticin and puromycin. The resulting cell line, IPEC-J2 MDR1, retained its high transepithelilal resistance (>15,000 Ω·cm(2)), which translated into low permeability of the small hydrophilic tracer, mannitol (P < 10(-7) cm·s(-1)). The lipophilic compound, diazepam, displayed high permeability resulting in a dynamic range of 1500 (PDiazepam/Pmannitol) to separate high and low permeability compounds. Human P-gp was expressed predominantly in the apical membrane, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, Western blots, and a high efflux ratios (Pbasolateral-apical/Papical-basolateral) of known P-gp substrates. P-gp was demonstrated to be responsible for the efflux transport by substrate profiling, combined with application of P-gp and BCRP inhibitors. Furthermore, the compounds atenolol, citalopram, and mitoxantrone were identified as P-gp substrates. Functional P-gp expression was shown to be stable through at least 10 cell passages. In conclusion, the IPEC-J2 MDR1 cell line displays high paracellular tightness combined with high expression of human P-gp and low expression of porcine ABC transporters, and it may serve as a useful tool in drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Saaby
- Bioneer-FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Cederberg Helms
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Brodin
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Palande NV, Bhoyar RC, Biswas SP, Jadhao AG. Short-term exposure to L-type calcium channel blocker, verapamil, alters the expression pattern of calcium-binding proteins in the brain of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26215640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The influx of calcium ions (Ca(2+)) is responsible for various physiological events including neurotransmitter release and synaptic modulation. The L-type voltage dependent calcium channels (L-type VDCCs) transport Ca(2+) across the membrane. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) bind free cytosolic Ca(2+) and prevent excitotoxicity caused by sudden increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+). The present study was aimed to understand the regulation of expression of neuronal CaBPs, namely, calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) following blockade of L-type VDCCs in the CNS of Carassius auratus. Verapamil (VRP), a potent L-type VDCC blocker, selectively blocks Ca(2+) entry at the plasma membrane level. VRP present in the aquatic environment at a very low residual concentration has shown ecotoxicological effects on aquatic animals. Following acute exposure for 96h, median lethal concentration (LC50) for VRP was found to be 1.22mg/L for goldfish. At various doses of VRP, the behavioral alterations were observed in the form of respiratory difficulty and loss of body balance confirming the cardiovascular toxicity caused by VRP at higher doses. In addition to affecting the cardiovascular system, VRP also showed effects on the nervous system in the form of altered expression of PV. When compared with controls, the pattern of CR expression did not show any variations, while PV expression showed significant alterations in few neuronal populations such as the pretectal nucleus, inferior lobes, and the rostral corpus cerebellum. Our result suggests possible regulatory effect of calcium channel blockers on the expression of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul C Bhoyar
- Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Arun G Jadhao
- Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.
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Wang W, Kim MT, Sedykh A, Zhu H. Developing Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Models: Integrating External Bio-Assay Data in QSAR Modeling. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3055-65. [PMID: 25862462 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability models for drug molecules are expensive and time-consuming. As alternative methods, several traditional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models have been developed previously. In this study, we aimed to improve the predictivity of traditional QSAR BBB permeability models by employing relevant public bio-assay data in the modeling process. METHODS We compiled a BBB permeability database consisting of 439 unique compounds from various resources. The database was split into a modeling set of 341 compounds and a validation set of 98 compounds. Consensus QSAR modeling workflow was employed on the modeling set to develop various QSAR models. A five-fold cross-validation approach was used to validate the developed models, and the resulting models were used to predict the external validation set compounds. Furthermore, we used previously published membrane transporter models to generate relevant transporter profiles for target compounds. The transporter profiles were used as additional biological descriptors to develop hybrid QSAR BBB models. RESULTS The consensus QSAR models have R(2) = 0.638 for five-fold cross-validation and R(2) = 0.504 for external validation. The consensus model developed by pooling chemical and transporter descriptors showed better predictivity (R(2) = 0.646 for five-fold cross-validation and R(2) = 0.526 for external validation). Moreover, several external bio-assays that correlate with BBB permeability were identified using our automatic profiling tool. CONCLUSIONS The BBB permeability models developed in this study can be useful for early evaluation of new compounds (e.g., new drug candidates). The combination of chemical and biological descriptors shows a promising direction to improve the current traditional QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, New Jersey, 08102, USA
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Abstract
Vitamin E (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and -tocotrienol) is an essential factor in the human diet and regularly taken as a dietary supplement by many people, who act under the assumption that it may be good for their health and can do no harm. With the publication of meta-analyses reporting increased mortality in persons taking vitamin E supplements, the safety of the micronutrient was questioned and interactions with prescription drugs were suggested as one potentially underlying mechanism. Here, we review the evidence in the scientific literature for adverse vitamin E-drug interactions and discuss the potential of each of the eight vitamin E congeners to alter the activity of drugs. In summary, there is no evidence from animal models or randomised controlled human trials to suggest that the intake of tocopherols and tocotrienols at nutritionally relevant doses may cause adverse nutrient-drug interactions. Consumption of high-dose vitamin E supplements ( ≥ 300 mg/d), however, may lead to interactions with the drugs aspirin, warfarin, tamoxifen and cyclosporine A that may alter their activities. For the majority of drugs, however, interactions with vitamin E, even at high doses, have not been observed and are thus unlikely.
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Thomas S, Dimelow RJ. Prediction of Phosphoglycoprotein (
P‐gp
)‐Mediated Disposition in Early Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527673261.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Hwang SR, Kim K. Nano-enabled delivery systems across the blood–brain barrier. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:24-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nader AM, Foster DR. Suitability of digoxin as a P-glycoprotein probe: Implications of other transporters on sensitivity and specificity. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 54:3-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Nader
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Section; College of Pharmacy; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - David R. Foster
- Department of Pharmacy Practice; College of Pharmacy; Purdue University; Indianapolis and West Lafayette IN USA
- Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; Indiana University; Indianapolis IN USA
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Borst P, Schinkel AH. P-glycoprotein ABCB1: a major player in drug handling by mammals. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4131-3. [PMID: 24084745 DOI: 10.1172/jci70430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian P-glycoproteins are active drug efflux transporters located in the plasma membrane. In the early nineties, we generated knockouts of the three P-glycoprotein genes of mice, the Mdr1a, Mdr1b, and Mdr2 P-glycoproteins, now known as Abcb1a, Abcb1b, and Abcb4, respectively. In the JCI papers that are the subject of this Hindsight, we showed that loss of Mdr1a (Abcb1a) had a profound effect on the tissue distribution and especially the brain accumulation of a range of drugs frequently used in humans, including dexamethasone, digoxin, cyclosporin A, ondansetron, domperidone, and loperamide. All drugs were shown to be excellent substrates of the murine ABCB1A P-glycoprotein and its human counterpart, the MDR1 P-glycoprotein, ABCB1. We found that the ability of ABCB1 to prevent accumulation of some drugs in the brain is a prerequisite for their clinical use, as absence of the transporter led to severe toxicity or undesired CNS pharmacodynamic effects. Subsequent work has fully confirmed the profound effect of the drug-transporting ABCB1 P-glycoprotein on the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans. In fact, every new drug is now screened for transport by ABCB1, as this limits oral availability and penetration into sanctuaries protected by ABCB1, such as the brain.
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Kim HJ, Um JY, Kim YK. Association of a multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer in the Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-013-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Petschenka G, Fandrich S, Sander N, Wagschal V, Boppré M, Dobler S. STEPWISE EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE TO TOXIC CARDENOLIDES VIA GENETIC SUBSTITUTIONS IN THE NA+/K+-ATPASE OF MILKWEED BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: DANAINI). Evolution 2013; 67:2753-61. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petschenka
- Biozentrum Grindel; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Steffi Fandrich
- Biozentrum Grindel; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Nils Sander
- Biozentrum Grindel; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Vera Wagschal
- Biozentrum Grindel; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Michael Boppré
- Forstzoologisches Institut; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität; 79085; Freiburg; Germany
| | - Susanne Dobler
- Biozentrum Grindel; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
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Petschenka G, Pick C, Wagschal V, Dobler S. Functional evidence for physiological mechanisms to circumvent neurotoxicity of cardenolides in an adapted and a non-adapted hawk-moth species. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20123089. [PMID: 23516239 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Because cardenolides specifically inhibit the Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, insects feeding on cardenolide-containing plants need to circumvent this toxic effect. Some insects such as the monarch butterfly rely on target site insensitivity, yet other cardenolide-adapted lepidopterans such as the oleander hawk-moth, Daphnis nerii, possess highly sensitive Na(+)K(+)-ATPases. Nevertheless, larvae of this species and the related Manduca sexta are insensitive to injected cardenolides. By radioactive-binding assays with nerve cords of both species, we demonstrate that the perineurium surrounding the nervous tissue functions as a diffusion barrier for a polar cardenolide (ouabain). By contrast, for non-polar cardenolides such as digoxin an active efflux carrier limits the access to the nerve cord. This barrier can be abolished by metabolic inhibitors and by verapamil, a specific inhibitor of P-glycoproteins (PGPs). This supports that a PGP-like transporter is involved in the active cardenolide-barrier of the perineurium. Tissue specific RT-PCR demonstrated expression of three PGP-like genes in hornworm nerve cords, and immunohistochemistry further corroborated PGP expression in the perineurium. Our results thus suggest that the lepidopteran perineurium serves as a diffusion barrier for polar cardenolides and provides an active barrier for non-polar cardenolides. This may explain the high in vivo resistance to cardenolides observed in some lepidopteran larvae, despite their highly sensitive Na(+)K(+)-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petschenka
- Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Biozentrum Grindel, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Zhang D, Frost CE, He K, Rodrigues AD, Wang X, Wang L, Goosen TC, Humphreys WG. Investigating the Enteroenteric Recirculation of Apixaban, a Factor Xa Inhibitor: Administration of Activated Charcoal to Bile Duct-Cannulated Rats and Dogs Receiving an Intravenous Dose and Use of Drug Transporter Knockout Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:906-15. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Higashi K, Tanaka C, Imanishi K, Sawamoto K, Horikawa T, Ohkawa H, Matsushita R, Sai Y, Miyamoto KI. Influence of Long-term Enteral Nutrition on Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin in Rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:44-52. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Schinkel AH, Jonker JW. Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family: an overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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