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Chen S, Pan B, Lou X, Chen J, Zhang P. Effect of long-term serum sodium levels on the prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2314629. [PMID: 38369746 PMCID: PMC10878331 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2314629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal serum Na (SNa) levels are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There are relatively few studies on the effect of SNa indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). We aim to investigate the effect of long-term SNa levels on the survival and prognosis of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Newly entered HD patients in the registration system of Zhejiang Provincial Dialysis Quality Control Center between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included and followed up until December 31, 2020. Multiple sodium levels were collected from patients, defining long-term SNa as the mean of multiple SNa, according to which patients were grouped, with the prognostic differences between subgroups compared by Kaplan-Meier modeling and multifactorial Cox regression modeling. Finally, a total of 21,701 patients were included in this study and Cox regression showed that decreased SNa levels (Na < 135 mmol/L, HR = 1.704, 95% CI 1.408-2.063, p < 0.001; 135≦Na≦137.5 mmol/L, HR = 1.127,95% CI 1.016-1.250, p = 0.024) and elevated SNa levels (142.5 < Na≦145mmol/L, HR = 1.198, 95% CI 1.063-1.350, p = 0.003; Na > 145mmol/L, HR = 2.150, 95% CI 1.615-2.863, p < 0.001) were all independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Lou
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Chew EY, Burns SA, Abraham AG, Bakhoum MF, Beckman JA, Chui TYP, Finger RP, Frangi AF, Gottesman RF, Grant MB, Hanssen H, Lee CS, Meyer ML, Rizzoni D, Rudnicka AR, Schuman JS, Seidelmann SB, Tang WHW, Adhikari BB, Danthi N, Hong Y, Reid D, Shen GL, Oh YS. Standardization and clinical applications of retinal imaging biomarkers for cardiovascular disease: a Roadmap from an NHLBI workshop. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01060-8. [PMID: 39039178 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The accessibility of the retina with the use of non-invasive and relatively low-cost ophthalmic imaging techniques and analytics provides a unique opportunity to improve the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of systemic diseases. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute conducted a workshop in October 2022 to examine this concept. On the basis of the discussions at that workshop, this Roadmap describes current knowledge gaps and new research opportunities to evaluate the relationships between the eye (in particular, retinal biomarkers) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension and vascular dementia. Identified gaps include the need to simplify and standardize the capture of high-quality images of the eye by non-ophthalmic health workers and to conduct longitudinal studies using multidisciplinary networks of diverse at-risk populations with improved implementation and methods to protect participant and dataset privacy. Other gaps include improving the measurement of structural and functional retinal biomarkers, determining the relationship between microvascular and macrovascular risk factors, improving multimodal imaging 'pipelines', and integrating advanced imaging with 'omics', lifestyle factors, primary care data and radiological reports, by using artificial intelligence technology to improve the identification of individual-level risk. Future research on retinal microvascular disease and retinal biomarkers might additionally provide insights into the temporal development of microvascular disease across other systemic vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Stephen A Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mathieu F Bakhoum
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua A Beckman
- Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Toco Y P Chui
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science (School of Health Sciences), Department of Computer Science (School of Engineering), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Greenwich, CT, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bishow B Adhikari
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Narasimhan Danthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Reid
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace L Shen
- Retinal Diseases Program, Division of Extramural Science Programs, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Nemtsova V, Vischer AS, Burkard T. Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Narrative Review Series-Part 3: Vasculature, Biomarkers and the Matrix of Hypertensive Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 38256639 PMCID: PMC10816030 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research efforts have resulted in major advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This is the third part of a three-part review series. Here, we focus on the influence of high blood pressure on the micro- and macroalterations that occur in the vasculature in HHD. We also provide an overview of circulating cardiac biomarkers that may prove useful for a better understanding of the pathophysiology, development and progression of HHD, and may play a unique role in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with HHD, taking into account their properties showing as abnormal long before the onset of the disease. In the conclusion, we propose an updated definition of HHD and a matrix for clinical classification, which we suspect will be useful in practice, allowing an individual approach to HHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Nemtsova
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Internal Diseases and Family Medicine Department, Educational and Scientific Medical Institute of National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», 61000 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Annina S. Vischer
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Burkard
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Luik AL, Hannocks MJ, Loismann S, Kapupara K, Cerina M, van der Stoel M, Tsytsyura Y, Glyvuk N, Nordenvall C, Klingauf J, Huveneers S, Meuth S, Jakobsson L, Sorokin L. Endothelial basement membrane laminins - new players in mouse and human myoendothelial junctions and shear stress communication. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:56-73. [PMID: 37311512 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are critical but frequently ignored components of the vascular system. Using high-resolution confocal imaging of whole-mount-stained mesenteric arteries, we identify integrins, vinculin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and several BM proteins including laminins as novel components of myoendothelial junctions (MEJs), anatomical microdomains that are emerging as regulators of cross-talk between endothelium and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Electron microscopy revealed multiple layers of the endothelial BM that surround endothelial projections into the smooth muscle layer as structural characteristics of MEJs. The shear-responsive calcium channel TRPV4 is broadly distributed in endothelial cells and occurs in a proportion of MEJs where it localizes to the tips of the endothelial projections that are in contact with the underlying SMCs. In mice lacking the major endothelial laminin isoform, laminin 411 (Lama4-/-), which we have previously shown over-dilate in response to shear and exhibit a compensatory laminin 511 upregulation, localization of TRPV4 at the endothelial-SMC interface in MEJs was increased. Endothelial laminins do not affect TRPV4 expression, rather in vitro electrophysiology studies using human umbilical cord arterial endothelial cells revealed enhanced TRPV4 signalling upon culturing on an RGD-motif containing domain of laminin 511. Hence, integrin-mediated interactions with laminin 511 in MEJ structures unique to resistance arteries modulate TRPV4 localization at the endothelial-smooth muscle interface in MEJs and signalling over this shear-response molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Luik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre
| | - Melanie-Jane Hannocks
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre
| | - Sophie Loismann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre; Institute of Translational Neurology and Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Miesje van der Stoel
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Yaroslav Tsytsyura
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Nataliya Glyvuk
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Dept of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Meuth
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre; Institute of Translational Neurology and Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Germany; Neurology Clinic, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre.
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Jelinic M, Jackson KL, O'Sullivan K, Singh J, Giddy T, Deo M, Parry LJ, Ritchie RH, Woodman OL, Head GA, Leo CH, Qin CX. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in Schlager hypertensive (BPH/2J) mice by region-specific mechanisms in conductance and resistance arteries. Life Sci 2023; 320:121542. [PMID: 36871935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are hallmarks of hypertension, and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. BPH/2J (Schlager) mice are a genetic model of spontaneous hypertension, but little is known about the vascular pathophysiology of these mice and the region-specific differences between vascular beds. Therefore, this study compared the vascular function and structure of large conductance (aorta and femoral) and resistance (mesenteric) arteries of BPH/2J mice with their normotensive BPN/2J counterparts. MAIN METHODS Blood pressure was measured in BPH/2J and BPN/3J mice via pre-implanted radiotelemetry probes. At endpoint, vascular function and passive mechanical wall properties were assessed using wire and pressure myography, qPCR and histology. KEY FINDINGS Mean arterial blood pressure was elevated in BPH/2J mice compared to BPN/3J controls. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was attenuated in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries of BPH/2J mice, but through different mechanisms. In the aorta, hypertension reduced the contribution of prostanoids. Conversely, in the mesenteric arteries, hypertension reduced the contribution of both nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Hypertension reduced volume compliance in both femoral and mesenteric arteries, but hypertrophic inward remodelling was only observed in the mesenteric arteries of BPH/2J mice. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first comprehensive investigation of vascular function and structural remodelling in BPH/2J mice. Overall, hypertensive BPH/2J mice exhibited endothelial dysfunction and adverse vascular remodelling in the macro- and microvasculature, underpinned by distinct region-specific mechanisms. This highlights BPH/2J mice as a highly suitable model for evaluating novel therapeutics to treat hypertension-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly O'Sullivan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaideep Singh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Giddy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Science, Math and Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore.
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Li Z, Wang W, Sang F, Zhang Z, Li X. White matter changes underlie hypertension-related cognitive decline in older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103389. [PMID: 37004321 PMCID: PMC10102561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has been well recognized as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Although the underlying mechanisms of hypertension-affected cognitive deterioration are not fully understood, white matter changes (WMCs) seem to play an important role. WMCs include low microstructural integrity and subsequent white matter macrostructural lesions, which are common on brain imaging in hypertensive patients and are critical for multiple cognitive domains. This article provides an overview of the impact of hypertension on white matter microstructural and macrostructural changes and its link to cognitive dysfunction. Hypertension may induce microstructural changes in white matter, especially for the long-range fibers such as anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and then macrostructural abnormalities affecting different lobes, especially the periventricular area. Different regions' WMCs would further exert different effects to specific cognitive domains and accelerate brain aging. As a modifiable risk factor, hypertension might provide a new perspective for alleviating and delaying cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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7
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Zeng W, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Yang X, He S, Guo Z, Li J, Shen A, Peng J. Neferine ameliorates hypertensive vascular remodeling modulating multiple signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114203. [PMID: 36916429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension. However, the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling remains unexplored. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Total 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided randomly into five groups, including SHR, Neferine-L (2.5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-M (5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-H (10 mg/kg/day), and Valsartan (10 mg/kg/day) groups (n = 6 for each group). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were set as control group (n = 6). Noninvasive blood pressure system, ultrasound, hematoxylin and eosin staining, masson trichrome staining were used to detect the blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), pathological changes and collagen content in abdominal aortas of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analyses were used to identify and verify the differentially expressed transcripts and activation of associated signaling pathways in SHRs. RESULTS Various concentrations of neferine or valsartan treatment substantially reduced the elevation of blood pressure, PWV, and abdominal aortic thickening of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and KEGG analyses recognized 441 differentially expressed transcripts and several enriched pathways (including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways) after neferine treatment. Masson trichromatic staining and IHC analysis demonstrated that neferine treatment decreased the collagen content and down-regulated the protein expression of PCNA, collagen I & III, and fibronectin, as well as p-PI3K, p-AKT, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in abdominal aortic tissues of SHRs. CONCLUSION Neferine treatment exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension and reduces vascular remodeling, as well as suppresses the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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8
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Qi Z, Lu J, Liu P, Li T, Li A, Duan M. Nomogram Prediction Model of Hypernatremia on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:143-153. [PMID: 36636369 PMCID: PMC9831528 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of hypernatremia in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the risk prediction of mortality in severe patients. Methods Clinical data of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of Beijing Friendship Hospital, were collected for retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the influencing factors. Nomograms predicting the mortality were constructed with R software and validated with repeated sampling. Results A total of 442 cases were eligible for this study. Hypernatremia within 48 hours of ICU admission, change in sodium concentration (CNa+) within 48 hours, septic shock, APACHE II score, hyperlactatemia within 48 hours, use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) within 48 hours, and the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) within 48 hours of ICU admission were all identified as independent risk factors for death within 28 days of ICU admission. These predictors were included in a nomogram of 28-day mortality in severe patients, which was constructed using R software. Conclusion The nomogram could predict the individualized risk of 28-day mortality based on the above factors. The model has better discrimination and accuracy and has high clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ang Li, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ditan Hospital, 8 Jing Shun East Street, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Meili Duan, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10005, People’s Republic of China, Email
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9
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Sung Kim J, Bin Bae J, Won Han J, Jong Oh D, Wan Suh S, Hyoung Kim J, Woong Kim K. Association of estimated white matter hyperintensity age with cognition in elderly with controlled hypertension. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103323. [PMID: 36638599 PMCID: PMC9860510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is associated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and cognitive impairment. Further, WMH is associated with cognitive impairment including executive, attention and visuospatial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of controlled hypertension (cHT) and previously developed concept, 'WMH age' on cognitive function and the mediating role of WMH in the effect of cHT on cognitive impairment. METHODS We enrolled 855 Koreans without dementia aged 60 years or older, 326 of whom completed 2-year follow-up assessment. We measured their blood pressure thrice in a sitting position using an automated blood pressure monitoring device. We estimated 'WMH age' of every participant using previously developed WMH probability map of healthy older Koreans. We analyzed the mediating effect of WMH age in the association of cHT and cognitive function using the PROCESS Macro model. RESULTS Old WMH age was associated with a faster decline in the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE; p =.003), Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease total score (CERAD-TS; p =.003), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB; p =.007). Old WMH age showed an approximately-six times higher risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (OR = 6.47, 95 % CI = 1.37 - 9.50, p =.024) compared to young or normal WMH age over the 2-year follow-up period in the cHT group. WMH age mediated the effects of cHT on the MMSE, CERAD-TS, and FAB scores at baseline and two-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS WMH mediates the adverse effect of hypertension on cognitive function. Elders with cHT who have older WMH age may be at a higher risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Kim
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Dae Jong Oh
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Wan Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Sabharwal R, Chapleau MW, Gerhold TD, Baumbach GL, Faraci FM. Plasticity of cerebral microvascular structure and mechanics during hypertension and following recovery of arterial pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1108-H1117. [PMID: 36269650 PMCID: PMC9678426 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00292.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in vascular structure contribute to vascular events and loss of brain health. We examined changes in cerebral arterioles at the onset of hypertension and the hypothesis that alterations during hypertension would recover with the return of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to normal. MAP was measured with radiotelemetry in awake male C57BL/6J mice at baseline and during infusion of vehicle or angiotensin II (ANG II, 1.4 mg/kg/day using osmotic pumps) for 28 days, followed by a 28-day recovery. With ANG II treatment, MAP increased through day 28. On day 30, MAP began to recover, reaching levels not different from vehicle on day 37. We measured intravascular pressure, diameter, wall thickness (WT), wall:lumen ratio (W:L), cross-sectional area (CSA), and slope of the tangential elastic modulus (ET) in maximally dilated arterioles. Variables were similar in both groups at day 1, with no significant change with vehicle treatment. With ANG II treatment, CSA, WT, and W:L increased on days 7-28. Internal and external diameter was reduced at 14 and 28 days. ET versus wall stress was reduced on days 7-28. During recovery, the diameter remained at days 14 and 28 values, whereas other variables returned partly or completely to normal. Thus, CSA, WT, W:L, and ET versus wall stress changed rapidly during hypertension and recovered with MAP. In contrast, inward remodeling developed slowly and did not recover. This lack of recovery has mechanistic implications for the long-term impact of hypertension on vascular determinants of brain health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Changes in vascular structure contribute to vascular events and loss of brain health. We examined the inherent structural plasticity of cerebral arterioles during and after a period of hypertension. Arteriolar wall thickness, diameter, wall-to-lumen ratio, and biological stiffness changed rapidly during hypertension and recovered with blood pressure. In contrast, inward remodeling developed slowly and did not recover. This lack of recovery of arteriolar diameter has implications for the long-term impact of hypertension on vascular determinants of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasna Sabharwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas D Gerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gary L Baumbach
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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11
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Ibarrola DA, Arrua W, Gonzalez JE, Soverina Escobar MS, Centurión J, Campuzano Benitez AM, Ovando Soria FM, Rodas González EI, Arrúa KG, Acevedo Barrios MB, Heinichen OY, Montalbetti Y, Campuzano-Bublitz MA, Kennedy ML, Figueredo Thiel SJ, Alvarenga NL, Hellión-Ibarrola MC. The antihypertensive and diuretic effect of crude root extract and saponins from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., in L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115605. [PMID: 35973627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., is used in Paraguayan folk medicine claiming antihypertensive and diuretic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the influence of chronic oral administration of the crude root extract and saponins obtained from S. sisymbriifolium Lam., on the blood pressure of male and female rats with hypertension induced by L-NAME, and its consequences on diuresis, the body weight, blood glucose, and level of serum parameters of liver and kidney functionality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven male, and seven female groups (8 animals each), which received as 6-week pretreatment, 0.9% saline solution (two groups; 0.1mL/10 g of b.w.), L-arginine (100.0 mg/kg/day), enalapril (15.0 mg/kg/day), crude extract (CESs 100.0 mg/kg/day), and saponin purified fraction (1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day), and treated with L-NAME (20 mg/kg/day/i.p.) twice, 1, and 6 h after pre-treatment. The animals' body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure were recorded weekly, while serum, hepatic, renal, and histological parameters were analyzed at the end of 6-week of treatment. RESULTS A protective effect of CESs (100.0 mg/kg/day), and saponins (1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day) against hypertension induced by L-NAME was verified in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values, which were significantly lower than the positive L-NAME-hypertensive control group (male and female) at the end of the 6-week treatment. Also, pretreatment with enalapril (15.0 mg/kg/day) induced an efficient protective activity, which validates the method used. Likewise, the volume of urine, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and electrolyte excretion was enhanced at the end of 6-week of treatment in concordance with the reduction in serum level of the same parameters, compatible with the improvement of the diuretic activity. The glycemia, body weight, heart rate, and functional hepato-renal parameters were not modified after a 6-week of treatment, in comparison to the control group, indicating relatively acceptable harmless properties of CESs and saponins. Interestingly, the HDL level in females was increased in contrast to male rats by chronic saponins treatment when compared with the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that either the increment in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and median) or cardiorenal remodeling effects in male and female rats submitted to L-NAME-induced hypertensive condition, were prevented and well-preserved without a significant variation during a period of 6-week of pretreatment with CESs and saponins pretreatments. Likewise, an important diuretic effect was revealed after this period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ibarrola
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
| | - W Arrua
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J E Gonzalez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M S Soverina Escobar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J Centurión
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - A M Campuzano Benitez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - F M Ovando Soria
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - E I Rodas González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - K G Arrúa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M B Acevedo Barrios
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - O Y Heinichen
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Y Montalbetti
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M A Campuzano-Bublitz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M L Kennedy
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - S J Figueredo Thiel
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - N L Alvarenga
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M C Hellión-Ibarrola
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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Feasibility of Precision Medicine in Hypertension Management-Scope and Technological Aspects. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111861. [PMID: 36573720 PMCID: PMC9698650 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized management of diseases by considering relevant patient features enables optimal treatment, instead of management according to an average patient. Precision management of hypertension is important, because both susceptibility to complications and response to treatment vary between individuals. While the use of genomic and proteomic personal features for widespread precision hypertension management is not practical, other features, such as age, ethnicity, and cardiovascular diseases, have been utilized in guidelines for hypertension management. In precision medicine, more blood-pressure-related clinical and physiological characteristics in the patient's profile can be utilized for the determination of the threshold of hypertension and optimal treatment. Several non-invasive and simple-to-use techniques for the measurement of hypertension-related physiological features are suggested for use in precision management of hypertension. In order to provide precise management of hypertension, accurate measurement of blood pressure is required, but the available non-invasive blood pressure measurement techniques, auscultatory sphygmomanometry and oscillometry, have inherent significant inaccuracy-either functional or technological-limiting the precision of personalized management of hypertension. A novel photoplethysmography-based technique for the measurement of systolic blood pressure that was recently found to be more accurate than the two available techniques can be utilized for more precise and personalized hypertension management.
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13
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Xu J, Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation: Council on Hypertension Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2021. Hypertension 2022; 79:2127-2137. [PMID: 35912645 PMCID: PMC9458621 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome influences host physiology and pathophysiology through several pathways, one of which is microbial production of chemical metabolites which interact with host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of gut microbial metabolites known to activate multiple signaling pathways in the host. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is linked to blood pressure, that SCFAs modulate blood pressure regulation, and that delivery of exogenous SCFAs lowers blood pressure. Given that hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the examination of novel contributors to blood pressure regulation has the potential to lead to novel approaches or treatments. Thus, this review will discuss SCFAs with a focus on their host G protein-coupled receptors including GPR41 (G protein-coupled receptor 41), GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as OLFR78 (olfactory receptor 78) and OLFR558. This includes a discussion of the ligand profiles, G protein coupling, and tissue distribution of each receptor. We will also review phenotypes relevant to blood pressure regulation which have been reported to date for Gpr41, Gpr43, Gpr109a, and Olfr78 knockout mice. In addition, we will consider how SCFA signaling influences physiology at baseline, and, how SCFA signaling may contribute to blood pressure regulation in settings of hypertension. In sum, this review will integrate current knowledge regarding how SCFAs and their receptors regulate blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brittni N. Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer L. Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Li S, Zheng J, Dong X, Bi S, Duan L, Zheng W, Yan P. Association between high serum Nogo-B and hypertension in Chinese Han. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:248. [PMID: 35655131 PMCID: PMC9164481 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular and animal studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum protein B (Nogo-B) is associated with hypertension, but that association has not been fully studied in humans. Therefore, the expression levels of Nogo-B were investigated in hypertensive patients. Methods The plasma Nogo-B levels of 74 patients with hypertension and 67 non-hypertensive patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The plasma Nogo-B levels in the hypertensive group [523.43(411.41−746.79)] were higher than in the non-hypertensive group [380.29(281.57−462.13)] (P < 0.01). Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were linearly and positively correlated with plasma Nogo-B levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed based on sex, age, BMI, smoking history, drinking history, and levels of TC, TG, LDL, and HDL. The results indicated that the plasma Nogo-B levels were independently associated with hypertension (OR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.004–1.010, P < 0.01). Conclusions The present study suggests that hypertensive participants exhibited higher plasma Nogo-B levels than those without hypertension. Plasma Nogo-B levels are independently associated with hypertension.
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15
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Liu H, Cheng Y, Chu J, Wu M, Yan M, Wang D, Xie Q, Ali F, Fang Y, Wei L, Yang Y, Shen A, Peng J. Baicalin attenuates angiotensin II-induced blood pressure elevation and modulates MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112124. [PMID: 34492423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is an extensively used medicinal herb for the treatment of hypertension in traditional Chinese medicine. Baicalin, is an important flavonoid in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, which exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. Therefore, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of Baicalin on anti-hypertension. In vivo studies revealed that Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the elevation in blood pressure, the pulse propagation and thickening of the abdominal aortic wall in C57BL/6 mice infused with Angiotensin II (Ang II). Moreover, RNA-sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses identified 537 differentially expressed transcripts and multiple enriched signaling pathways (including vascular smooth muscle contraction and calcium signaling pathway). Consistently, we found that Baicalin pretreatment significantly alleviated the Ang II induced constriction of abdominal aortic ring, while promoted NE pre-contracted vasodilation of abdominal aortic ring at least partly dependent on L-type calcium channel. In addition, Ang II stimulation significantly increased cell viability and PCNA expression, while were attenuated after Baicalin treatment. Moreover, Baicalin pretreatment attenuated Ang II-induced intracellular Ca2+ release, Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression and activation of MLCK/p-MLC pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present work further addressed the pharmacological and mechanistic insights on anti-hypertension of Baicalin, which may help better understand the therapeutic effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on anti-hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/enzymology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Wistar
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Mengchao Yan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Di Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Farman Ali
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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The Role of Obesity-Induced Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Dysfunction in Vascular Homeostasis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113843. [PMID: 34836100 PMCID: PMC8621306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional special type of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels. Under physiological conditions, PVAT plays a significant role in regulation of vascular tone, intravascular thermoregulation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. PVAT is responsible for releasing adipocytes-derived relaxing factors (ADRF) and perivascular-derived relaxing factors (PDRF), which have anticontractile properties. Obesity induces increased oxidative stress, an inflammatory state, and hypoxia, which contribute to PVAT dysfunction. The exact mechanism of vascular dysfunction in obesity is still not well clarified; however, there are some pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) disorders and PVAT-derived factor dysregulation, which are involved in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction development. Physical activity has a beneficial effect on PVAT function among obese patients by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory state. Diet, which is the second most beneficial non-invasive strategy in obesity treatment, may have a positive impact on PVAT-derived factors and may restore the balance in their concentration.
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17
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Maasakkers CM, Thijssen DH, Knight SP, Newman L, O'Connor JD, Scarlett S, Carey D, Buckley A, McMorrow JP, Leidhin CN, Feeney J, Melis RJ, Kenny RA, Claassen JA, Looze CD. Hemodynamic and structural brain measures in high and low sedentary older adults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2607-2616. [PMID: 33866848 PMCID: PMC8504407 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211009382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to its cardiovascular effects sedentary behaviour might impact cerebrovascular function in the long term, affecting cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms and perfusion levels. Consequently this could underly potential structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitive decline. We therefore assessed the association between sedentary behaviour and brain measures of cerebrovascular perfusion and structural abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. Using accelerometery (GENEActiv) data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) we categorised individuals by low- and high-sedentary behaviour (≤8 vs >8 hours/day). We examined prefrontal haemoglobin oxygenation levels using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during rest and after an orthostatic challenge in 718 individuals (66 ± 8 years, 52% female). Global grey matter cerebral blood flow, total grey and white matter volume, total and subfield hippocampal volumes, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensities were measured using arterial spin labelling, T1, and FLAIR MRI in 86 individuals (72 ± 6 years, 55% female). While no differences in prefrontal or global cerebral hemodynamics were found between groups, high-sedentary individuals showed lower hippocampal volumes and increased white matter hyperintensities compared to their low-sedentary counterparts. Since these structural cerebral abnormalities are associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, future work exploring the causal pathways underlying these differences is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn M Maasakkers
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dick Hj Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John D O'Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Scarlett
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Carey
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Buckley
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason P McMorrow
- The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoilfhionn Ní Leidhin
- The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - René Jf Melis
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Gerontology, Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jurgen Ahr Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Bell JS, Adio AO, Pitt A, Hayman L, Thorn CE, Shore AC, Whatmore JL, Winlove CP. Microstructural Characterization of Resistance Artery Remodelling in Diabetes Mellitus. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:50-60. [PMID: 34544081 DOI: 10.1159/000517856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microvascular remodelling is a symptom of cardiovascular disease. Despite the mechanical environment being recognized as a major contributor to the remodelling process, it is currently only understood in a rudimentary way. OBJECTIVE A morphological and mechanical evaluation of the resistance vasculature in health and diabetes mellitus. METHODS The cells and extracellular matrix of human subcutaneous resistance arteries from abdominal fat biopsies were imaged using two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation at varying transmural pressure. The results informed a two-layer mechanical model. RESULTS Diabetic resistance arteries reduced in wall area as pressure was increased. This was attributed to the presence of thick, straight collagen fibre bundles that braced the outer wall. The abnormal mechanical environment caused the internal elastic lamina and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell arrangements to twist. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest diabetic microvascular remodelling is likely to be stress-driven, comprising at least 2 stages: (1) Laying down of adventitial bracing fibres that limit outward distension, and (2) Deposition of additional collagen in the media, likely due to the significantly altered mechanical environment. This work represents a step towards elucidating the local stress environment of cells, which is crucial to build accurate models of mechanotransduction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Bell
- Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aminat O Adio
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pitt
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Hayman
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Thorn
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline L Whatmore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - C Peter Winlove
- Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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19
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De Silva TM, Modrick ML, Grobe JL, Faraci FM. Activation of the Central Renin-Angiotensin System Causes Local Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. Stroke 2021; 52:2404-2413. [PMID: 34107734 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michael De Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.D.S., M.L.M., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology (T.M.D.S.), School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary L Modrick
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.D.S., M.L.M., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (J.L.G., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (J.L.G.), Cardiovascular Center, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.D.S., M.L.M., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (J.L.G., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
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20
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Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Harasim-Symbor E, Biernacki M, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Beneficial Changes in Rat Vascular Endocannabinoid System in Primary Hypertension and under Treatment with Chronic Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by URB597. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4833. [PMID: 34063297 PMCID: PMC8125657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the effects of hypertension and the chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on vascular function and the endocannabinoid system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Functional studies were performed on small mesenteric G3 arteries (sMA) and aortas isolated from SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) treated with URB597 (1 mg/kg; twice daily for 14 days). In the aortas and sMA of SHR, endocannabinoid levels and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression were elevated. The CB1R antagonist AM251 diminished the methanandamide-evoked relaxation only in the sMA of SHR and enhanced the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the thromboxane analog U46619 in sMA in SHR and WKY. In the sMA of SHR, URB597 elevated anandamide levels, improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and in the presence of AM251 reduced the vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and enhanced the vasodilatation to methanandamide, and tended to reduce hypertrophy. In the aortas, URB597 elevated endocannabinoid levels improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and decreased CB1R expression. Our study showed that hypertension and chronic administration of URB597 caused local, resistance artery-specific beneficial alterations in the vascular endocannabinoid system, which may bring further advantages for therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibition of FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
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21
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Liu ZZ, Jose PA, Yang J, Zeng C. Importance of extracellular vesicles in hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:342-353. [PMID: 33517775 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220974600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately 1.13 billion adults worldwide and is the leading global risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles participate in the development and progression of hypertension. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed structures released from nearly all types of eukaryotic cells. During their formation, extracellular vesicles incorporate various parent cell components, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that can be transferred to recipient cells. Extracellular vesicles mediate cell-to-cell communication in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Therefore, studying the role of circulating and urinary extracellular vesicles in hypertension has the potential to identify novel noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets of different hypertension phenotypes. This review discusses the classification and biogenesis of three EV subcategories (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) and provides a summary of recent discoveries in the potential impact of extracellular vesicles on hypertension with a specific focus on their role in the blood pressure regulation by organs-artery and kidney, as well as renin-angiotensin-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Z Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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22
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Xing X, Yang L, Xu M, Cao C, Wang R, Li W, Niu X, Gao D. The antagonistic effects and mechanisms of microRNA-26a action in hypertensive vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1037-1054. [PMID: 33305374 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertensive vascular remodelling is responsible for end-organ damage and is the result of increased extracellular matrix accumulation and excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a), a non-coding small RNA, is involved in several cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to validate the effect and mechanisms of miR-26a in hypertensive vascular remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were injected intravenously with recombinant adeno-associated virus-miR-26a. Samples of thoracic aorta were examined histologically with H&E staining. In vitro, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced VSMCs cultured from thoracic aortae of female Sprague-Dawley rats, were transfected with miR-26a mimic or inhibitor. Western blots, qRT-PCR and immunohistological methods were used, along with chromatin-immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Specific siRNAs were used to silence Smad production in VSMCs KEY RESULTS: Levels of miR-26a were lower in the thoracic aorta and plasma of SHRs than in WKY rats. Overexpression of miR-26a inhibited extracellular matrix deposition by targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and decreased VSMC proliferation by regulating the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2)/p21 pathway both in vitro and in vivo. AngII-mediated Smad3 activation suppressed miR-26a expression, which in turn promoted Smad3 activation via targeted regulation of Smad4, leading to further down-regulation of miR-26a. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that AngII stimulated a Smads/miR-26a positive feedback loop, which further reduced expression of miR-26a, leading to collagen production and VSMC proliferation and consequently vascular remodelling. MiR-26a has an antagonistic effect on hypertensive vascular remodelling and can be a strategy for treating hypertensive vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Qiaozhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Meishan Branch of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Yanan University School of Medical, Meishan, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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23
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Barreto da Silva L, Camargo SB, Moraes RDA, Medeiros CF, Jesus ADM, Evangelista A, Villarreal CF, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Silva DF. Antihypertensive effect of carvacrol is improved after incorporation in β-cyclodextrin as a drug delivery system. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1798-1807. [PMID: 32568422 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol (CARV), has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the antihypertensive effect of the CARV free and encapsulation of CARV in β-cyclodextrin (CARV/β-CD), and whether CARV/β-CD is able to improve the antihypertensive effects of CARV free in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each treated daily for 21 days and the mean arterial pressure and heart rate was measured every 5 days: group 1, Wistar-vehicle solution; group 2, SHR-vehicle; group 3, SHR-CARV 50 mg/kg/d; and group 4, CARV/β-CD 50 mg/kg/d. After 21 days of treatment, the mesenteric artery from treated animals was tested for phenylephrine (Phe) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) sensitivity. In addition, administration of CARV/β-CD induced important antihypertensive activity when compared with the uncomplexed form, reducing the progression of arterial hypertension in SHR. Moreover, pharmacological potency to Phe in the SHR-CARV and CARV/β-CD groups was increased, approaching values expressed in the Wistar-vehicle. Furthermore, CARV/β-CD reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator, IL-1β, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Together, these results produced evidence that the encapsulation of CARV in β-CD can improve cardiovascular activity, showing potential anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Barreto da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Samuel Barbosa Camargo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Raiana Dos Anjos Moraes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carla Fiama Medeiros
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Melo Jesus
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Darízy Flávia Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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24
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Galán M, Jiménez-Altayó F. Small Resistance Artery Disease and ACE2 in Hypertension: A New Paradigm in the Context of COVID-19. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:588692. [PMID: 33195477 PMCID: PMC7661633 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.588692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease causes almost one third of deaths worldwide, and more than half are related to primary arterial hypertension (PAH). The occurrence of several deleterious events, such as hyperactivation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), and oxidative and inflammatory stress, contributes to the development of small vessel disease in PAH. Small resistance arteries are found at various points through the arterial tree, act as the major site of vascular resistance, and actively regulate local tissue perfusion. Experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that alterations in small resistance artery properties are important features of PAH pathophysiology. Diseased small vessels in PAH show decreased lumens, thicker walls, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and inflammation. These events may lead to altered blood flow supply to tissues and organs, and can increase the risk of thrombosis. Notably, PAH is prevalent among patients diagnosed with COVID-19, in whom evidence of small vessel disease leading to cardiovascular pathology is reported. The SARS-Cov2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, achieves cell entry through an S (spike) high-affinity protein binding to the catalytic domain of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a negative regulator of the RAS pathway. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the relationship between small resistance artery disease, ACE2, and PAH, to understand COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The scope of the present review is to briefly summarize available knowledge on the role of small resistance artery disease and ACE2 in PAH, and critically discuss their clinical relevance in the context of cardiovascular pathology associated to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Galán
- Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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25
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Gutiérrez-Arzapalo PY, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B, de Pablo ÁLL, González MDC, Arribas SM. Fetal Undernutrition Induces Resistance Artery Remodeling and Stiffness in Male and Female Rats Independent of Hypertension. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100424. [PMID: 33081182 PMCID: PMC7602844 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal undernutrition programs hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and resistance artery remodeling may be a contributing factor. We aimed to assess if fetal undernutrition induces resistance artery remodeling and the relationship with hypertension. Sprague–Dawley dams were fed ad libitum (Control) or with 50% of control intake between days 11 and 21 of gestation (maternal undernutrition, MUN). In six-month-old male and female offspring we assessed blood pressure (anesthetized and tail-cuff); mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) structure and mechanics (pressure myography), cellular and internal elastic lamina (IEL) organization (confocal microscopy) and plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity (zymography). Systolic blood pressure (SBP, tail-cuff) and plasma MMP activity were assessed in 18-month-old rats. At the age of six months MUN males exhibited significantly higher blood pressure (anesthetized or tail-cuff) and plasma MMP-9 activity, while MUN females did not exhibit significant differences, compared to sex-matched controls. MRA from 6-month-old MUN males and females showed a smaller diameter, reduced adventitial, smooth muscle cell density and IEL fenestra area, and a leftward shift of stress-strain curves. At the age of eighteen months SBP and MMP-9 activity were higher in both MUN males and females, compared to sex-matched controls. These data suggest that fetal undernutrition induces MRA inward eutrophic remodeling and stiffness in both sexes, independent of blood pressure level. Resistance artery structural and mechanical alterations can participate in the development of hypertension in aged females and may contribute to adverse cardiovascular events associated with low birth weight in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Y. Gutiérrez-Arzapalo
- Center of Research and Teaching in Health Sciences (CIDOCS), Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Av. Cedros y calle Sauces s/n, Culiacán 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (Á.L.L.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.)
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (Á.L.L.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.)
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (Á.L.L.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, C/Julián Romea, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-O.); (B.S.)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, C/Julián Romea, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-O.); (B.S.)
| | - Ángel Luis López de Pablo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (Á.L.L.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.)
| | - Maria del Carmen González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (Á.L.L.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.)
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (Á.L.L.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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De Munck DG, De Moudt S, Roth L, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Fransen P. Defective Autophagy in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Alters Vascular Reactivity of the Mouse Femoral Artery. Front Physiol 2020; 11:548943. [PMID: 33071811 PMCID: PMC7538838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.548943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important cellular survival process that enables degradation and recycling of defective organelles and proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. Hence, defective autophagy plays a role in many age-associated diseases, such as atherosclerosis, arterial stiffening and hypertension. Recently, we showed in mice that autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of large elastic arteries such as the aorta is important for Ca2+ mobilization and vascular reactivity. Whether autophagy plays a role in the smaller muscular arteries, such as the femoral artery, and thereby contributes to for example, blood pressure regulation is currently unknown. Therefore, we determined vascular reactivity of femoral artery segments of mice containing a VSMC specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 (Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+) and compared them to femoral artery segments of corresponding control mice (Atg7+/+ SM22α-Cre+). Our results indicate that similar to the aorta, femoral artery segments showed enhanced contractility. Specifically, femoral artery segments of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice showed an increase in phasic phenylephrine (PE) induced contractions, together with an enhanced sensitivity to depolarization induced contractions. In addition, and importantly, VSMC sensitivity to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) was significantly increased in femoral artery segments of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice. Notwithstanding the fact that small artery contractility is a significant pathophysiological determinant for the development of hypertension, 7 days of treatment with angiotensin II (AngII), which increased systolic blood pressure in control mice, was ineffective in Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice. It is likely that this was due to the increased sensitivity of VSMCs to NO in the femoral artery, although changes in the heart upon AngII treatment were also present, which could also be (partially) accountable for the lack of an AngII-induced rise in blood pressure in Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice. Overall, our study indicates that apart from previously shown effects on large elastic arteries, VSMC autophagy also plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the contractile and relaxing properties of the smaller muscular arteries. This may suggest a role for autophagy in vascular pathologies, such as hypertension and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien G De Munck
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Yu N, Shen A, Chu J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Lin S, Cai Q, Sankararaman S, Sferra TJ, Chen Y, Peng J. Qingda granule inhibits angiotensin Ⅱ induced VSMCs proliferation through MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112767. [PMID: 32199989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The abnormal increase in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is widely accepted as the pivotal process in the vascular remodeling of hypertension. Qingda granule (QDG) is simplified from Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction (QXJYD) which has been in usage for a long time as a traditional Chinese medicine formula to treat hypertension based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of QDG in the attenuation of elevation of blood pressure and proliferation of VSMCs in vivo and in vitro and explore its possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, we established an angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-mediated hypertension model in C57BL/6 mice and orally administered 1.145 g/kg/day of QDG. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of all mice were measured at the end of the treatment by using the tail-cuff plethysmograph method and CODA™ noninvasive blood pressure system. VSMC proliferation within the aorta was determined by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, primary rat VSMCs were cultured to further verify the effects of QDG on Ang Ⅱ induced VSMC proliferation. Cell proliferation was investigated using cell counting and MTT assays. The protein expression was determined by western blotting. RESULTS We found that oral administration of QDG significantly attenuated the elevation of blood pressure and proliferation of VSMCs in Ang Ⅱ-induced hypertensive mice. Moreover, QDG remarkably inhibited Ang Ⅱ-induced primary rat VSMCs proliferation and decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT activity by attenuating the expression of phospho-extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2, phospho-p38, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phospho-protein kinase B. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that QDG attenuates Ang Ⅱ-induced elevation of blood pressure and proliferation of VSMCs through a decrease in the activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Based on this study, we postulate this could be one of the mechanisms whereby QDG effectively controls hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Qiaoyan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Youqin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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28
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Maasakkers CM, Melis RJF, Kessels RPC, Gardiner PA, Olde Rikkert MGM, Thijssen DHJ, Claassen JAHR. The short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performance in older adults: a cross-over design on the potential impact of mental and/or physical activity. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:76. [PMID: 32571399 PMCID: PMC7310280 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour might be a potential risk factor for cognitive decline. However, the short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on (cerebro) vascular and cognitive performance in older people are unknown. METHODS We used a cross-over design with 22 older adults (78 years, 9 females) to assess the short-term hemodynamic and cognitive effects of three hours uninterrupted sitting and explored if these effects can be counteracted with regular (every 30 min) two-minute walking breaks. In addition, we investigated if low versus high mental activity during the three hours of sitting modified these effects. Before and after each condition, alertness, executive functioning, and working memory were assessed with the Test of Attentional Performance battery. Additionally, cerebral blood flow velocity (Transcranial Doppler) and blood pressure (Finapres) were measured in rest, and during sit-to-stand and CO2 challenges to assess baroreflex sensitivity, cerebral autoregulation, and cerebral vasomotor reactivity. RESULTS No short-term differences were observed in cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow velocity, baroreflex sensitivity, cerebral autoregulation, or cerebral vasomotor reactivity across time, or between conditions. Blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance increased over time (8.6 mmHg (5.0;12.1), p < 0.001), and 0.23 in resistance (0.01;0.45), p = 0.04). However, these effects were not mitigated by mental activity or by short walking breaks to interrupt sitting. CONCLUSIONS In older individuals, three hours of sitting did not influence cognitive performance or cerebral perfusion. However, the sitting period increased blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance, which are known to negatively impact brain health in the long-term. Importantly, we found that these effects in older individuals cannot be mitigated by higher mental activity and/or regular walking breaks. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration URL: https://www.toetsingonline.nl/. Unique identifier: NL64309.091.17. Date of registration: 06-02-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn M Maasakkers
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology/Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Norsk P. Adaptation of the cardiovascular system to weightlessness: Surprises, paradoxes and implications for deep space missions. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13434. [PMID: 31872965 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Weightlessness in space induces a fluid shift from the dependent to the cephalad parts of the body leading to distension of the cardiac chambers and an accumulation of blood in the veins of the head and neck. Surprisingly, central venous pressure (CVP) during the initial hours of spaceflight decreases compared to being horizontal supine on the ground. The explanation is that the thorax is expanded by weightlessness leading to a decrease in inter-pleural pressure (IPP), which exceeds the measured decrease in CVP. Thus, transmural CVP (TCVP = CVP - IPP) is increased indicating an augmented cardiac preload. Simultaneously, stroke volume and cardiac output (CO) are increased by 18%-26% within the initial weeks and more so by 35%-56% during the subsequent months of flight relative to in the upright posture on the ground. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is decreased indicating a lower systemic vascular resistance (MAP/CO). It is therefore a surprise that sympathetic nerve activity is not suppressed in space and thus cannot be a mechanism for the systemic vasodilation, which still needs to be explored. Recent observations indicate that the fluid shift during long duration (months) flights is associated with increased retinal thickness that sometimes leads to optical disc oedema. Ocular and cerebral structural changes, increases in left atrial size and decreased flows with thrombi formation in the left internal jugular vein have also been observed. This is of concern for future long duration deep space missions because the health implications are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Norsk
- Center for Space Medicine & Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
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30
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Looft-Wilson RC, Billig JE, Sessa WC. Shear Stress Attenuates Inward Remodeling in Cultured Mouse Thoracodorsal Arteries in an eNOS-Dependent, but Not Hemodynamic Manner, and Increases Cx37 Expression. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:284-295. [PMID: 31574503 PMCID: PMC6908748 DOI: 10.1159/000502690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteries chronically constricted in culture remodel to smaller diameters. Conversely, elevated luminal shear stress (SS) promotes outward remodeling of arteries in vivo and prevents inward remodeling in culture in a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent manner. OBJECTIVES To determine whether SS-induced prevention of inward remodeling in cultured arteries is specifically eNOS-dependent and requires dilation, and whether SS alters the expression of eNOS and other genes potentially involved in remodeling. METHODS Female mouse thoracodorsal arteries were cannulated, pressurized to 80 mm Hg, and cultured for 2 days with low SS (<7 dyn/cm2), high SS (≥15 dyn/cm2), high SS + L-NAME (NOS inhibitor, 10-4 M), or high SS in arteries from eNOS-/- mice. In separate arteries cultured 1 day with low or high SS, eNOS and connexin (Cx) 37, Cx40, and Cx43 mRNA were assessed with real-time PCR. RESULTS High SS caused little change in passive diameters after culture (-4.7 ± 2.0%), which was less than low SS (-18.9 ± 1.4%; p < 0.0001), high SS eNOS-/- (-18.0 ± 1.5; p < 0.001), or high SS + L-NAME (-12.0 ± 0.6%; nonsignificant) despite similar constriction during culture. Cx37 mRNA expression was increased (p < 0.05) with high SS, but other gene levels were not different. CONCLUSIONS eNOS is involved in SS-induced prevention of inward remodeling in cultured small arteries. This effect does not require NO-mediated dilation. SS increased Cx37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Looft-Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
- Department of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA,
| | - Janelle E Billig
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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31
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Wilson C, Zhang X, Buckley C, Heathcote HR, Lee MD, McCarron JG. Increased Vascular Contractility in Hypertension Results From Impaired Endothelial Calcium Signaling. Hypertension 2019; 74:1200-1214. [PMID: 31542964 PMCID: PMC6791503 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Endothelial cells line all blood vessels and are critical regulators of vascular tone. In hypertension, disruption of endothelial function alters the release of endothelial-derived vasoactive factors and results in increased vascular tone. Although the release of endothelial-derived vasodilators occurs in a Ca2+-dependent manner, little is known on how Ca2+ signaling is altered in hypertension. A key element to endothelial control of vascular tone is Ca2+ signals at specialized regions (myoendothelial projections) that connect endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. This work describes disruption in the operation of this key Ca2+ signaling pathway in hypertension. We show that vascular reactivity to phenylephrine is increased in hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive rat) when compared with normotensive (Wistar Kyoto) rats. Basal endothelial Ca2+ activity limits vascular contraction, but that Ca2+-dependent control is impaired in hypertension. When changes in endothelial Ca2+ levels are buffered, vascular contraction to phenylephrine increased, resulting in similar responses in normotension and hypertension. Local endothelial IP3(inositol trisphosphate)-mediated Ca2+ signals are smaller in amplitude, shorter in duration, occur less frequently, and arise from fewer sites in hypertension. Spatial control of endothelial Ca2+ signaling is also disrupted in hypertension: local Ca2+ signals occur further from myoendothelial projections in hypertension. The results demonstrate that the organization of local Ca2+ signaling circuits occurring at myoendothelial projections is disrupted in hypertension, giving rise to increased contractile responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Xun Zhang
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Heathcote
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Lee
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John G McCarron
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Brown IAM, Diederich L, Good ME, DeLalio LJ, Murphy SA, Cortese-Krott MM, Hall JL, Le TH, Isakson BE. Vascular Smooth Muscle Remodeling in Conductive and Resistance Arteries in Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1969-1985. [PMID: 30354262 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and accounts for >17.3 million deaths per year, with an estimated increase in incidence to 23.6 million by 2030. 1 Cardiovascular death represents 31% of all global deaths 2 -with stroke, heart attack, and ruptured aneurysms predominantly contributing to these high mortality rates. A key risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Although treatment or reduction in hypertension can prevent the onset of cardiovascular events, existing therapies are only partially effective. A key pathological hallmark of hypertension is increased peripheral vascular resistance because of structural and functional changes in large (conductive) and small (resistance) arteries. In this review, we discuss the clinical implications of vascular remodeling, compare the differences between vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling in conductive and resistance arteries, discuss the genetic factors associated with vascular smooth muscle cell function in hypertensive patients, and provide a prospective assessment of current and future research and pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isola A M Brown
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
| | - Lukas Diederich
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (L.D., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Miranda E Good
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.).,Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.)
| | - Sara A Murphy
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (L.D., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute (J.L.H.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.L.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (J.L.H.)
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (T.H.L.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.).,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
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Mejía-Rentería H, Matias-Guiu JA, Lauri F, Yus M, Escaned J. Microcirculatory dysfunction in the heart and the brain. Minerva Cardioangiol 2019; 67:318-329. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.18.04701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Hadjadj L, Pál É, Monori-Kiss A, Sziva RE, Korsós-Novák Á, Mária Horváth E, Benkő R, Magyar A, Magyar P, Benyó Z, Nádasy GL, Várbíró S. Vitamin D deficiency and androgen excess result eutrophic remodeling and reduced myogenic adaptation in small cerebral arterioles in female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:529-534. [PMID: 30623742 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1554037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vitD) insufficiency affects 1 billion people worldwide. Androgen excess (AE) occurs in 8% of fertile females. There are few data about the combined effect of vitD deficiency and AE on the early biomechanical changes of cerebral arterioles in fertile-aged female. Forty-six adolescent female Wistar rats (21-28 day-old, weighing 90-110 g) were grouped randomly in four groups: vitD supplemented groups with and without transdermal testosterone (T) treatment, as well as vitD deficient groups also with and without transdermal T (n = 11 or 12, in all cases). After 8 weeks of treatment, anterior cerebral arterioles (in vivo diameter of 90-130 µm) were obtained and cylindrical segments were examined by pressure arteriography. Myogenic tone, tangential stress and incremental elastic moduli were computed and statistically analyzed. Elastic density was studied on resorcin-fuchsin-stained histological section. VitD deficiency with T treatment resulted in significantly lower inner radii and higher wall thickness values with reduced tangential stress and increased elastic fiber density. VitD deficiency reduced myogenic tone at higher intraluminar pressures (>110 mmHg). Our conclusion is that plasma vitD level is an important factor in the control of myogenic tone in cerebral resistance arteries. AE and vitD deficiency acting parallel induce remodeling of their wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hadjadj
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva Pál
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Réka Eszter Sziva
- b 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ágnes Korsós-Novák
- c Department of Pathology , Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Hetényi Géza Regional Hospital , Szolnok , Hungary
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Rita Benkő
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Attila Magyar
- e Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Péter Magyar
- f Department of Radiology , Semmelweis University , Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - György L Nádasy
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- b 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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Jiménez-Altayó F, Sánchez-Ventura J, Vila E, Giménez-Llort L. Crosstalk between Peripheral Small Vessel Properties and Anxious-like Profiles: Sex, Genotype, and Interaction Effects in Mice with Normal Aging and 3×Tg-AD mice at Advanced Stages of Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1531-1538. [PMID: 29504535 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease. This brief report provides the first evidence of compromised small peripheral mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) properties in 15-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Females showed worse physiologically relevant MRA structural (increased passive external and internal diameters, cross sectional area) and functional (increased active internal diameters) alterations suggesting sex-dependent dysfunctions. At both physiological and high intraluminal pressures, vascular alterations correlated with the anxious-like behavioral profile, in a sex-dependent manner. Finally, the results unveil a crosstalk between peripheral small vessel properties and behavior in both 3xTg-AD mice and age-matched counterparts with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Sánchez-Ventura
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Feng X, Li X, Yang C, Ren Q, Zhang W, Li N, Zhang M, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhou X, Xu Z. Maternal High-Sucrose Diet Accelerates Vascular Stiffness in Aged Offspring via Suppressing Ca v 1.2 and Contractile Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900022. [PMID: 31067604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The fetal programming in response to over-nutrition during pregnancy is involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases later in life. The authors' previous work reported that prenatal high-sucrose (HS) diet impaired functions of large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (BK) in mesenteric arteries in the adolescent offspring rats. This study determines whether prenatal HS has a long-term impact on resistance vasculature in the aged offspring rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant rats are fed with a high-sucrose diet until delivery. Aged offspring from prenatal HS exhibit elevated fasting insulin level, insulin resistance index, and diastolic pressure. Both pressure-induced myogenic responses and phenylephrine-stimulated contraction of mesenteric arteries in HS are weakened. Electrophysiological tests and western blot indicate that BK and L-type calcium channels (Cav 1.2) are impaired in HS group. On the other hand, expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 of mesenteric arteries is reduced in HS group while expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase is increased, indicating that extra cellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled. Furthermore, expression of α-smooth muscle actin is decreased, and insulin/insulin receptor/phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is downregulated. CONCLUSION The results suggest that prenatal HS induced stiffness of mesenteric arteries in aged offspring by inhibiting Cav 1.2 function and PI3K-associated contractile phenotype of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qinggui Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Arterial Hypertension and Interleukins: Potential Therapeutic Target or Future Diagnostic Marker? Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:3159283. [PMID: 31186952 PMCID: PMC6521461 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension as a multifactorial pathology is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors, affecting up to 30-40% of the general population. Complex immune responses are involved in the inflammatory mechanism of hypertension, with evidence pointing to increased inflammatory mediators even in prehypertensive patients. Increased vascular permeability, thrombogenesis, and fibrosis, effects that are associated with sustained hypertension, could be attributed to chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation triggers endothelial dysfunction via increased production of ROS through proinflammatory cytokines. Increased serum level of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, TGFβ, and TNFα in hypertensive patients has been associated with either increased blood pressure values and/or end-organ damage. Moreover, some cytokines (i.e., IL-6) seem to determine a hypertensive response to angiotensin II, regardless of blood pressure values. Understanding hypertension as an inflammatory-based pathology gives way to new therapeutic targets. As such, conventional cardiovascular drugs (statins, calcium channels blockers, and ACEIs/ARBs) have shown additional anti-inflammatory effects that could be linked to their blood pressure lowering properties. Moreover, anti-inflammatory drugs (mycophenolate mofetil) have been shown to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive patients or prevent its development in normotensive individuals. Further research is needed to evaluate whether drugs targeting hypertensive-linked proinflammatory cytokines, such as monoclonal antibodies, could become a new therapeutic option in treating arterial hypertension.
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38
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Belikov AV. Age-related diseases as vicious cycles. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:11-26. [PMID: 30458244 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mortality rates of age-related diseases (ARDs) increase exponentially with age. Processes described by the exponential growth function typically involve a branching chain reaction or, more generally, a positive feedback loop. Here I propose that each ARD is mediated by one or several positive feedback loops (vicious cycles). I then identify critical vicious cycles in five major ARDs: atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. I also propose that the progression of ARDs can be halted by selectively interrupting the vicious cycles and suggest the most promising targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Belikov
- Laboratory of Innovative Medicine, School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
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39
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Neurogenic Mechanisms in Prehypertension and Pharmacologic Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension: Highlights of Professor Stevo Julius’ Scientific Contributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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40
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Abstract
The causes of essential hypertension remain an enigma. Interactions between genetic and external factors are generally recognized to act as aetiological mechanisms that trigger the pathogenesis of high blood pressure. However, the questions of which genes and factors are involved, and when and where such interactions occur, remain unresolved. Emerging evidence indicates that the hypertensive response to pressor stimuli, like many other physiological and behavioural adaptations, can become sensitized to particular stimuli. Studies in animal models show that, similarly to other response systems controlled by the brain, hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) is mediated by neuroplasticity. The brain circuitry involved in HTRS controls the sympathetic nervous system. This Review outlines evidence supporting the phenomenon of HTRS and describes the range of physiological and psychosocial stressors that can produce a sensitized hypertensive state. Also discussed are the cellular and molecular changes in the brain neural network controlling sympathetic tone involved in long-term storage of information relating to stressors, which could serve to maintain a sensitized state. Finally, this Review concludes with a discussion of why a sensitized hypertensive response might previously have been beneficial and increased biological fitness under some environmental conditions and why today it has become a health-related liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Baojian Xue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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41
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Martinez-Quinones P, McCarthy CG, Watts SW, Klee NS, Komic A, Calmasini FB, Priviero F, Warner A, Chenghao Y, Wenceslau CF. Hypertension Induced Morphological and Physiological Changes in Cells of the Arterial Wall. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1067-1078. [PMID: 29788246 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological and physiological changes in the vasculature have been described in the evolution and maintenance of hypertension. Hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction may present itself as a contributing, or consequential factor, to vascular remodeling caused by chronically elevated systemic arterial blood pressure. Changes in all vessel layers, from the endothelium to the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), have been described. This mini-review focuses on the current knowledge of the structure and function of the vessel layers, specifically muscular arteries: intima, media, adventitia, PVAT, and the cell types harbored within each vessel layer. The contributions of each cell type to vessel homeostasis and pathophysiological development of hypertension will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martinez-Quinones
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole S Klee
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amel Komic
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Alexander Warner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yu Chenghao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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42
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Nunes DO, Marques VB, Almenara CCP, Marcarini WD, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Padilha AS. Linoleic acid reduces vascular reactivity and improves the vascular dysfunction of the small mesentery in hypertension. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:18-27. [PMID: 30218979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of linoleic acid (LA) treatment on the blood pressure and function of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR were treated daily with LA (15 mg/kg) or vehicle (control) for 15 days. Compared with controls, LA treatment decreased blood pressure and showed the following in MRA: (1) increased lumen and external diameter, (2) decreased wall:lumen ratio and wall thickness, (3) decreased stiffness and (4) less collagen deposition. LA treatment reduced the contractile response to phenylephrine, although there were no changes observed in MRA in regard to the acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside responses. Incubation with L-NAME left-shifted the reactivity to phenylephrine only in the MRA treated group, suggesting that LA treatment can improve NO bioavailability. This result was accompanied by an increase "in situ" NO production. Incubation with tiron decreased vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in MRA in LA rats, which was accompanied by decreased superoxide anion production. Moreover, incubation with indomethacin (non-selective COX inhibitor, 10 μM), NS 398 (COX-2 specific inhibitor, 1 μM), furegrelate (TXA2 synthase inhibitor, 1 μM), SQ 29.548 (TP receptor antagonist, 1 μM) and SC 19220 (EP1 receptor antagonist, 10 μM) reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine in MRA in the treated group. These results were accompanied by a reduction in COX-2 protein expression. In conclusion, these findings show that LA treatment decreases blood pressure. In addition, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and structural changes in this hypertension model may be responsible for the reduction in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieli Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wena Dantas Marcarini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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43
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Klein A, Joseph PD, Christensen VG, Jensen LJ, Jacobsen JCB. Lack of tone in mouse small mesenteric arteries leads to outward remodeling, which can be prevented by prolonged agonist-induced vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H644-H657. [PMID: 29775408 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00111.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inward remodeling of resistance vessels is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Thus far, the remodeling process remains incompletely elucidated, but the activation level of the vascular smooth muscle cell appears to play a central role. Accordingly, previous data have suggested that an antagonistic and supposedly beneficial response, outward remodeling, may follow prolonged vasodilatation. The present study aimed to determine whether 1) outward remodeling follows 3 days of vessel culture without tone, 2) a similar response can be elicited in a much shorter 4-h timeframe, and, finally, 3) whether a 4-h response can be prevented or reversed by the presence of vasoconstrictors in the medium. Cannulated mouse small mesenteric arteries were organocultured for 3 days in the absence of tone, leading to outward remodeling that continued throughout the culture period. In more acute experiments in which cannulated small mesenteric arteries were maintained in physiological saline without tone for 4 h, we detected a similar outward remodeling that proceeded at a rate several times faster. In the 4-h experimental setting, continuous vasoconstriction to ~50% tone by abluminal application of UTP or norepinephrine + neuropeptide Y prevented outward remodeling but did not cause inward remodeling. Computational modeling was used to simulate and interpret these findings and to derive time constants of the remodeling processes. It is suggested that depriving resistance arteries of activation will lead to eutrophic outward remodeling, which can be prevented by vascular smooth muscle cell activation induced by prolonged vasoconstrictor exposure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have established an effective 4-h method for studying outward remodeling in pressurized mouse resistance vessels ex vivo and have determined conditions that block the remodeling response. This allows for investigating the subtle but clinically highly relevant phenomenon of outward remodeling while avoiding both laborious 3-day organoid culture of cannulated vessels and in vivo experiments lasting several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Klein
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Philomeena Daphne Joseph
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Vibeke Grøsfjeld Christensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Brings Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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44
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Camargo SB, Simões LO, Medeiros CFDA, de Melo Jesus A, Fregoneze JB, Evangelista A, Villarreal CF, Araújo AADS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Silva DF. Antihypertensive potential of linalool and linalool complexed with β-cyclodextrin: Effects of subchronic treatment on blood pressure and vascular reactivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Favero G, Paini A, De Ciuceis C, Rodella LF, Moretti E, Porteri E, Rossini C, Ministrini S, Solaini L, Stefano C, Coschignano MA, Brami V, Petelca A, Nardin M, Valli I, Tiberio GAM, Bonomini F, Agabiti Rosei C, Portolani N, Rizzoni D, Rezzani R. Changes in extracellular matrix in subcutaneous small resistance arteries of patients with essential hypertension. Blood Press 2018. [PMID: 29523048 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1448256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the development of hypertensive microvascular remodeling, a relevant role may be played by changes in extracellular matrix proteins. Aim of this study was the to evaluate some extracellular matrix components within the tunica media of subcutaneous small arteries in 9 normotensive subjects and 12 essential hypertensive patients, submitted to a biopsy of subcutaneous fat from the gluteal or the anterior abdominal region. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subcutaneous small resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on an isometric myograph, and the tunica media to internal lumen ratio was measured. In addition, fibronectin, laminin, transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1) and emilin-1 contents within the tunica media were evaluated by immunofluorescence and relative immunomorphometrical analysis (immunopositivity % of area). The total collagen content and collagen subtypes within the tunica media were evaluated using both Sirius red staining (under polarized light) and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Normotensive controls had less total and type III collagen in respect with hypertensive patients. Fibronectin and TGF-β1 tunica media content was significantly greater in essential hypertensive patients, compared with normotensive controls, while laminin and emilin-1 tunica media content was lesser in essential hypertensive patients, compared with normotensive controls. A significant correlation was observed between fibronectin tunica media content and media to lumen ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that, in small resistance arteries of patients with essential hypertension, a relevant fibrosis may be detected; fibronectin and TGF-β1 tunica media content is increased, while laminin and emilin-1 content is decreased; these changes might be involved in the development of small resistance artery remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Anna Paini
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,c Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Enrico Moretti
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Enzo Porteri
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Claudia Rossini
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Silvia Ministrini
- d Clinica Chirurgica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- d Clinica Chirurgica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Caletti Stefano
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | | | - Valeria Brami
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alina Petelca
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Matteo Nardin
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Ilenia Valli
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Guido A M Tiberio
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,c Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Claudia Agabiti Rosei
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Nazario Portolani
- d Clinica Chirurgica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,e Division of Medicine , Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,c Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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46
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Relationships between blood pressure variability and silent cerebral infarction in patients with primary hypertension. Artery Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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47
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Rizzoni D, Agabiti-Rosei C, Agabiti-Rosei E. Hemodynamic Consequences of Changes in Microvascular Structure. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:939-946. [PMID: 28338956 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In hypertension, an increased media-to-lumen ratio of small resistance arteries might play an important role in the increase of vascular resistance, and may also be an adaptive response to the increased hemodynamic load. The presence of morphological alteration in the microvasculature may be associated to an impaired tissue perfusion and/or to the development of target organ damage. Structural alterations in the microcirculation might represent a predictor of the onset of cardio-cerebrovascular events and hypertension complications. A cross-talk between the small and large artery may exaggerate arterial damage, following a vicious circle. Therefore, in the present review, possible hemodynamic consequences of the presence of microvascular structural alterations will be considered, in terms of their time of onset, role in the development and/or maintenance of high blood pressure values, and interrelationships with structural/mechanical alterations of large conductance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzoni
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Division of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Agabiti-Rosei
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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48
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Little R, Zi M, Hammad SK, Nguyen L, Njegic A, Kurusamy S, Prehar S, Armesilla AL, Neyses L, Austin C, Cartwright EJ. Reduced expression of PMCA1 is associated with increased blood pressure with age which is preceded by remodelling of resistance arteries. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1104-1113. [PMID: 28795531 PMCID: PMC5595685 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a well‐established risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events, and older age is a risk factor for the development of hypertension. Genomewide association studies have linked ATP2B1, the gene for the plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1), to blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Here, we present the effects of reduction in the expression of PMCA1 on BP and small artery structure and function when combined with advancing age. Heterozygous PMCA1 null mice (PMCA1Ht) were generated and conscious BP was measured at 6 to 18 months of age. Passive and active properties of isolated small mesenteric arteries were examined by pressure myography. PMCA1Ht mice exhibited normal BP at 6 and 9 months of age but developed significantly elevated BP when compared to age‐matched wild‐type controls at ≥12 months of age. Decreased lumen diameter, increased wall thickness and increased wall:lumen ratio were observed in small mesenteric arteries from animals 9 months of age and older, indicative of eutrophic remodelling. Increases in mesenteric artery intrinsic tone and global intracellular calcium were evident in animals at both 6 and 18 months of age. Thus, decreased expression of PMCA1 is associated with increased BP when combined with advancing age. Changes in arterial structure precede the elevation of BP. Pathways involving PMCA1 may be a novel target for BP regulation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Little
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition; The University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Min Zi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Sally K. Hammad
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Zagazig University; Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Sathishkumar Kurusamy
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science; School of Pharmacy; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Angel L. Armesilla
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science; School of Pharmacy; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- University of Luxembourg; Avenue de l'Universite Esch-sur-Alzette L-4365 Luxembourg
| | - Clare Austin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Faculty of Health and Social Care; Edge Hill University; Lancashire L39 4QP UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
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49
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Bloksgaard M, Leurgans TM, Spronck B, Heusinkveld MHG, Thorsted B, Rosenstand K, Nissen I, Hansen UM, Brewer JR, Bagatolli LA, Rasmussen LM, Irmukhamedov A, Reesink KD, De Mey JGR. Imaging and modeling of acute pressure-induced changes of collagen and elastin microarchitectures in pig and human resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H164-H178. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of disease-related changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the mechanical properties of human resistance arteries largely remains to be established. Resistance arteries from both pig and human parietal pericardium (PRA) display a different ECM microarchitecture compared with frequently used rodent mesenteric arteries. We hypothesized that the biaxial mechanics of PRA mirror pressure-induced changes in the ECM microarchitecture. This was tested using isolated pig PRA as a model system, integrating vital imaging, pressure myography, and mathematical modeling. Collagenase and elastase digestions were applied to evaluate the load-bearing roles of collagen and elastin, respectively. The incremental elastic modulus linearly related to the straightness of adventitial collagen fibers circumferentially and longitudinally (both R2 ≥ 0.99), whereas there was a nonlinear relationship to the internal elastic lamina elastin fiber branching angles. Mathematical modeling suggested a collagen recruitment strain (means ± SE) of 1.1 ± 0.2 circumferentially and 0.20 ± 0.01 longitudinally, corresponding to a pressure of ~40 mmHg, a finding supported by the vital imaging. The integrated method was tested on human PRA to confirm its validity. These showed limited circumferential distensibility and elongation and a collagen recruitment strain of 0.8 ± 0.1 circumferentially and 0.06 ± 0.02 longitudinally, reached at a distending pressure below 20 mmHg. This was confirmed by vital imaging showing negligible microarchitectural changes of elastin and collagen upon pressurization. In conclusion, we show here, for the first time in resistance arteries, a quantitative relationship between pressure-induced changes in the extracellular matrix and the arterial wall mechanics. The strength of the integrated methods invites for future detailed studies of microvascular pathologies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to quantitatively relate pressure-induced microstructural changes in resistance arteries to the mechanics of their wall. Principal findings using a pig model system were confirmed in human arteries. The combined methods provide a strong tool for future hypothesis-driven studies of microvascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Leurgans
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. G. Heusinkveld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Thorsted
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Rosenstand
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inger Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla M. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R. Brewer
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Luis A. Bagatolli
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jo G. R. De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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50
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Mejía-Rentería H, van der Hoeven N, van de Hoef TP, Heemelaar J, Ryan N, Lerman A, van Royen N, Escaned J. Targeting the dominant mechanism of coronary microvascular dysfunction with intracoronary physiology tests. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:1041-1059. [PMID: 28501910 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The coronary microcirculation plays a key role in modulating blood supply to the myocardium. Several factors like myocardial oxygen demands, endothelial and neurogenic conditions determine its function. Although there is available evidence supporting microvascular dysfunction as an important cause of myocardial ischaemia, with both prognostic and symptomatic implications, its diagnosis and management in clinical practice is still relegated to a second plane. Both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are hampered by the broadness of the concept of microvascular dysfunction, which fails addressing the plurality of mechanisms leading to dysfunction. Normal microcirculatory function requires both structural integrity of the microcirculatory vascular network and preserved signalling pathways ensuring adequate and brisk arteriolar resistance shifts in response to myocardial oxygen demands. Pathological mechanisms affecting these requirements include structural remodelling of microvessels, intraluminal plugging, extravascular compression or vasomotor dysregulation. Importantly, not every diagnostic technique provides evidence on which of these pathophysiological mechanisms is present or predominates in the microcirculation. In this paper we discuss the mechanisms of coronary microvascular dysfunction and the intracoronary tools currently available to detect it, as well as the potential role of each one to unmask the main underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mejía-Rentería
- Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tim P van de Hoef
- AMC Heart Centre, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Ryan
- Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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