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Malboeuf-Hurtubise C, Taylor G, Lambert D, Paradis PO, Léger-Goodes T, Mageau GA, Labbé G, Smith J, Joussemet M. Impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on well-being and mental health of elementary school children: results from a randomized cluster trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15894. [PMID: 38987618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prevention programs, such as mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), are often implemented in schools to prevent psychological disorders from emerging in children and to support their mental health. This study used a randomized cluster design to evaluate the impact of a MBI, called Mission Méditation, on the well-being and the mental health of elementary school children's. 13 classrooms of an elementary school were randomly allocated to the experimental condition (7 classrooms, n = 127 students) or the waitlist control condition (6 classrooms, n = 104 students). Participants in the experimental condition received a 10-week MBI. Regression analyses revealed significant differences between conditions for inattention. Participants in the MBI condition reported no change in pre- to post-intervention, whereas participants in the control condition reported pre- to post-intervention increases. Results also showed significant differences in perceived competence. Participants in the MBI condition reported a non-significant decrease in perceive competence, whereas participants in the control condition reported significantly higher perceive competence scores from pre- to post-intervention. Results do not indicate that the MBI had a significant impact on participant's well-being and mental health. This suggests that MBIs may not have an added value when compared to other preventive interventions geared towards well-being and mental health promotion in school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Malboeuf-Hurtubise
- Psychology Department, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Canada.
- Psychology Department, CHUS Research Center, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Taylor
- Department of Education and Pedagogy, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danika Lambert
- Psychology Department, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Terra Léger-Goodes
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Gabrielle Labbé
- Department of Social Work, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smith
- Department of Preschool and Primary Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Kumari V, Tailor U, Saifullah A, Pandey R, Antonova E. Non-dual awareness and sensory processing in meditators: Insights from startle reflex modulation. Conscious Cogn 2024; 123:103722. [PMID: 38981366 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Startle modulation paradigms, namely habituation and prepulse inhibition (PPI), can offer insight into the brain's early information processing mechanisms that might be impacted by regular meditation practice. Habituation refers to decreasing response to a repeatedly-presented startle stimulus, reflecting its redundancy. PPI refers to response reduction when a startling stimulus "pulse" is preceded by a weaker sensory stimulus "prepulse" and provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. Here, we examined habituation and PPI of the acoustic startle response in regular meditators (n = 32), relative to meditation-naïve individuals (n = 36). Overall, there was no significant difference between meditators and non-meditators in habituation or PPI, but there was significantly greater PPI in meditators who self-reported being able to enter and sustain non-dual awareness during their meditation practice (n = 18) relative to those who could not (n = 14). Together, these findings suggest that subjective differences in meditation experience may be associated with differential sensory processing characteristics in meditators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kumari
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK.
| | - Umisha Tailor
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anam Saifullah
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - Elena Antonova
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
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Lan L, Liu W, Liu C, Wang H, Wang M, Abbey C, Singh MK, Rozelle S, She X, Tong L. Effects of Mindfulness and Life-Skills Training on Emotion Regulation and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00260-X. [PMID: 38970607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE China's rapid urbanization has been associated with increased mental health challenges, especially in rural-to-urban migrant children. This study evaluates the effects of mindfulness and life-skills (LS) training on emotional regulation and anxiety symptoms from a randomized controlled trial aimed at improving the mental health of Chinese migrant children. METHODS Two intervention arms-mindfulness training (MT) and MT plus LS mentorship (MT + LS)-were compared to a waitlist control group of 368 migrant children aged 9-17 years. Volunteers were trained to deliver interventions to 285 migrant children in small groups of 15 for eight weeks weekly. Social integration varied: migrant children mixed with local children at public schools were considered highly integrated, those in migrant-only classrooms at public schools had intermediate levels of integration, and children in private migrant schools had low integration. Emotion regulation and anxiety symptoms were assessed preintervention, postintervention, and three months postintervention. RESULTS Postintervention and compared to the control group, children with high social integration in the MT arm showed increased cognitive reappraisal ability (p < .05) but higher physical anxiety (p < .01). Children with high social integration in the MT + LS arm had lower anxiety symptoms of harm avoidance (p < .01) and physical anxiety (p < .05). Children with low social integration in the MT + LS arm showed lower cognitive reappraisal (p < .01) and poorer overall emotion regulation abilities (p < .01). Three months later, children with intermediate integration in the MT + LS arm had lower separation anxiety (p < .05) and harm avoidance anxiety (p < .05). No other groups showed significant improvements in emotion regulation or reducing in anxiety symptoms three months postintervention. DISCUSSION Mindfulness and LS training may benefit Chinese migrant children who have higher levels of social integration but increase anxiety in those with lower social integration. Future research should consider the sociocultural context in which a treatment is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwan Lan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, California
| | - Min Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, California
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, California
| | | | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, California
| | - Xinshu She
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Lian Tong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Iacono G, Elsaesser C, Dominique Courts CL. "My resistance melts away": The role of mindfulness in supporting participatory researchers' efforts to share power with youth co-researchers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38959292 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Youth participatory action research (YPAR) is an approach widely utilized in various social science disciplines (e.g., community psychology, social work, public health), which requires researchers to share power with youth co-researchers and to collaborate across identities to work equitably. Understanding what approaches and practices support YPAR adult facilitators' ability to share power is a vital area of knowledge that can support greater freedom in how researchers approach YPAR. Mindfulness offers a powerful set of tools for adult researchers to track their reactions and equitably collaborate with youth co-researchers. Drawing on insights from our youth participatory research, the present study employed a collaborative autoethnography to integrate our unique experiences as YPAR facilitators. We reflected on a core research question: How does mindfulness inform and support our YPAR work? Two major themes emerged that relate to power-sharing in YPAR: (1) Mindfulness supports our ability to overcome barriers to being present in facilitating YPAR groups; (2) Facilitator presence fosters deeper connection with youth co-researchers and stronger collaboration. Mindfulness can provide researchers a holistic, strengths-based approach in youth collaboration, and may also provide skillful tools for researchers to counter the pressures of White supremacy culture in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gio Iacono
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caitlin Elsaesser
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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Rettew DC, Biel MG. Widening Our Lane: How Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists Can Embrace the Full Spectrum of Mental Health. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2024; 33:293-306. [PMID: 38823804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The majority of a psychiatrist's training and clinical attention is devoted to mental illness rather than mental health. This article suggests a broader understanding and application of mental well-being that can benefit both those already struggling with mental health challenges and those trying to stay well. Recommendations for being a well-being-oriented psychiatrist include increasing one's knowledge about well-being and health promotion and adjusting one's practice to incorporate these principles. Recommendations at the level of the field of psychiatry include revising the definition of a psychiatrist, increasing research on well-being and health promotion, improving financial incentives, expanding efforts in schools and community settings, and providing additional training.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Rettew
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Lane County Behavioral Health, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Matthew G Biel
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Lupini F, Basch M, Cooke F, Vagadori J, Gutierrez-Colina A, Kelly KP, Streisand R, Shomaker L, Mackey ER. BREATHE-T1D: Using iterative mixed methods to adapt a mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Design and development. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 142:107551. [PMID: 38692428 PMCID: PMC11180588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative affect is prevalent among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may impact diabetes self-management and outcomes through stress-related behaviors such as disordered eating. METHODS We describe the development of and design for the adaptation of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for adolescents with T1D and negative affect. BREATHE-T1D is an MBI designed to target negative affect that has been tailored to address the unique lived experiences of adolescents with T1D. Qualitative interviews with stakeholders and participants were used to inform iterative adaptations to the intervention and control curricula over the course of the study. The primary aim of this paper is to describe the design, development, and protocol of the present pilot feasibility trial. CONCLUSIONS Iterative, qualitative methodology throughout the adaptation of an intervention is important for ensuring the resulting intervention is relevant and meaningful for the target population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05268393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lupini
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America.
| | - Molly Basch
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Frances Cooke
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America.
| | - Jack Vagadori
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America.
| | - Ana Gutierrez-Colina
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Patterson Kelly
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Randi Streisand
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Lauren Shomaker
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Eleanor R Mackey
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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Qi Y, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Wu D. Surgical failure guided by DISE in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:3333-3343. [PMID: 38324055 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The failure rate and risk factors of upper airway surgery with drug induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) remain unknown in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This review aims to analyze the failure rate of upper airway surgery with DISE and identify obstruction sites for surgical failure. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until May 20th, 2023. We included studies that used DISE to assess obstructive sites before upper airway surgery and reported surgical failure rates and outcomes in patients with OSA. RESULTS 25 studies with a total of 1522 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Upper airway surgery guided by DISE had a relatively low failure rate of 37% (95% CI 0.31-0.44) in the random effects model (I2 = 85.97%, P < 0.001). According to the velum, oropharynx, tongue base, and epiglottis (VOTE) scoring system, major risk factors for surgical failure included circumferential collapse at the velum, lateral wall collapse and small tonsils at the oropharynx, anterior-posterior lingual collapse and complete collapse at the tongue base. High body mass index and large preoperative apnea hypopnea index were also risk factors for OSA surgical failure. CONCLUSIONS Upper airway surgery guided by DISE in patients with OSA had a low failure rate of 37%. DISE can identify obstruction sites associated with surgical failure and guide single-level and multi-level surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Lyzwinski L, Mcdonald S, Zwicker J, Tough S. Digital and Hybrid Pediatric and Youth Mental Health Program Implementation Challenges During the Pandemic: Literature Review With a Knowledge Translation and Theoretical Lens Analysis. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e55100. [PMID: 38916946 PMCID: PMC11234057 DOI: 10.2196/55100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic brought unprecedented challenges for child and youth mental health. There was a rise in depression, anxiety, and symptoms of suicidal ideation. OBJECTIVE The aims of this knowledge synthesis were to gain a deeper understanding of what types of mental health knowledge translation (KT) programs, mental health first aid training, and positive psychology interventions were developed and evaluated for youth mental health. METHODS We undertook a literature review of PubMed and MEDLINE for relevant studies on youth mental health including digital and hybrid programs undertaken during the pandemic (2020-2022). RESULTS A total of 60 studies were included in this review. A few KT programs were identified that engaged with a wide range of stakeholders during the pandemic, and a few were informed by KT theories. Key challenges during the implementation of mental health programs for youth included lack of access to technology and privacy concerns. Hybrid web-based and face-to-face KT and mental health care were recommended. Providers required adequate training in using telehealth and space. CONCLUSIONS There is an opportunity to reduce the barriers to implementing tele-mental health in youth by providing adequate technological access, Wi-Fi and stationary internet connectivity, and privacy protection. Staff gained new knowledge and training from the pandemic experience of using telehealth, which will serve as a useful foundation for the future. Future research should aim to maximize the benefits of hybrid models of tele-mental health and face-to-face sessions while working on minimizing the potential barriers that were identified. In addition, future programs could consider combining mental health first aid training with hybrid digital and face-to-face mental health program delivery along with mindfulness and resilience building in a unified model of care, knowledge dissemination, and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Lyzwinski
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sheila Mcdonald
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zwicker
- The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Yılmazer E, Hamamci Z, Türk F. Effects of mindfulness on test anxiety: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1401467. [PMID: 38993347 PMCID: PMC11238660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on test anxiety across diverse age groups and intervention modalities. Methods Rigorous inclusion criteria were applied to select studies focusing on MBIs as the independent variable, with test anxiety as the outcome. A comprehensive search across multiple databases yielded 18 primary studies, contributing 20 comparisons. Data were extracted on study characteristics, sample sizes, and intervention details, and were analyzed using a random-effects model. Results The analyses incorporated 1,275 participants, with MBIs demonstrating a moderate to large negative effect on test anxiety (effect size = -0.716; 95% CI: -1.383 to -0.049). Moderation analysis indicated that mean age, number of sessions, and intervention delivery mode did not significantly influence effect sizes. Publication bias assessment suggested the presence of bias via Egger's regression (p = 0.025), though Begg and Mazumdar's test and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill method indicated no missing studies. Conclusion MBIs are effective in reducing test anxiety, though results should be interpreted with caution due to potential publication bias and unexplained heterogeneity. The impact of MBIs did not vary significantly with participant age, number of sessions, or delivery mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Yılmazer
- Department of Psychology, Beykoz University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Hamamci
- Department of Psychology, Beykoz University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fulya Türk
- Department of Psychology, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Mindfulness enhances cognitive functioning: a meta-analysis of 111 randomized controlled trials. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:369-395. [PMID: 37578065 PMCID: PMC10902202 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2248222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently no comprehensive meta-analysis of MBI efficacy on global and unique cognitive subdomains exist. METHOD Examined the effects of MBIs on global cognition and 15 cognitive subdomains. Inclusion criteria: meditation naïve participants; randomized controlled trial; outcome included one objective or subjective cognitive functioning measure; primary focus was teaching mindfulness skills. Exclusion criteria: inadequate data; one-session ; control condition contained any MBI component. Robust variance estimation and moderator analyses controlling for presence of treatment fidelity were conducted. RESULTS One-hundred-and-eleven RCTs (n = 9,538) met eligibility criteria. MBIs had small-to-moderate significant effects on global cognition, executive attention, working memory accuracy, inhibition accuracy, shifting accuracy, sustained attention, and subjective cognitive functioning (vs. waitlist/no-treatment, g = 0.257-0.643; vs. active controls, g = 0.192-0.394). MBIs did not impact executive functioning (EF) latency indices, verbal fluency, processing speed, episodic memory, and cognitive error. Treatment effects were stronger for those with elevated psychiatric symptoms vs. healthy controls, and medical samples, studies with complete-case (vs. intention-to-treat) analysis, face-to-face (vs. self-guided) delivery, and non-standard (vs. standard MBI). CONCLUSION MBIs consistently yielded small-to-moderate yet practically meaningful effect sizes on global cognition and six cognitive subdomains that captured accuracy vs. latency-based indices of EF and sustained accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Braun SS, Greenberg MT, Roeser RW, Taylor LJ, Montero-Marin J, Crane C, Williams JMG, Sonley A, Lord L, Ford T, Kuyken W. Teachers' stress and training in a school-based mindfulness program: Implementation results from a cluster randomized controlled trial. J Sch Psychol 2024; 104:101288. [PMID: 38871412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
School-based mindfulness trainings (SBMT) are a contemporary approach for intervening to promote students' social and emotional skills and well-being. Despite evidence from the larger field of evidence-based social and emotional learning programs demonstrating the importance of high-quality implementation, few studies have investigated factors impacting the implementation of SBMTs, particularly teacher-level influences. The present study addressed this issue by investigating whether teachers' stress, trust in their fellow teachers and principal, and expectations about the program at baseline predicted the quality of their implementation of a SBMT for students. In addition, we examined whether teachers' stress at baseline moderated the effect of training condition on implementation quality. Implementation quality was assessed via observations and teacher self-reports. Results from a sample of British secondary (middle-high) school educators (N = 81) indicated that teachers who felt more supported by their principals at baseline were later observed to implement the SBMT with greater quality, whereas teachers who had more positive expectations about the program felt more confident teaching the course in the future. Teachers' baseline stress moderated the effect of training condition on all measures of implementation quality; among teachers experiencing high stress at baseline, more intensive training led to higher quality implementation. Implications for practitioners and prevention researchers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer S Braun
- Department of Psychology and Center for Youth Development and Intervention, The University of Alabama, McMillan Building, P.O. Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, USA
| | - Mark T Greenberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Robert W Roeser
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Laura J Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark G Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sonley
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Lord
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House 18b, Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
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Sanchez N, Chen M, Ho S, Spinner H, Vagadori J, Neiser A, Padilla K, Bristol M, Winfield E, Thorstad I, Gulley LD, Lucas-Thompson RG, Pyle L, Thompson T, Estrada DE, Basch M, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Kelsey MM, Mackey ER, Shomaker LB. Mindfulness-based intervention for depression and insulin resistance in adolescents: Protocol for BREATHE, a multisite, pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 141:107522. [PMID: 38580104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated depression symptoms have been associated with higher insulin resistance in adolescents, and consequently, greater risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may be suited for adolescents at risk for T2D given its potential to decrease depression and improve stress-related behavior/physiology underpinning insulin resistance. To prepare for a future multisite efficacy randomized controlled trial, a rigorous, multisite, pilot and feasibility study is needed to test this approach. The current paper describes the design and protocol for a multisite, pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial of six-week MBI, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and health education (HealthEd) group interventions, to assess multisite fidelity, feasibility, and acceptability. METHODS Participants are N = 120 adolescents ages 12-17, with body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile, elevated depression symptoms (20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale total score > 20), and family history of diabetes. Enrollment occurs across four United States (US) sites, two in Colorado, one in Washington, D·C., and one in Maryland. Group interventions are delivered virtually by trained psychologists and co-facilitators. Assessments occur at baseline, six-week follow-up, and one-year follow-up. RESULTS Primary outcomes are intervention implementation fidelity, based upon expert ratings of audio-recorded sessions (≥80% adherence/competence), and recruitment feasibility, based upon percentage enrollment of eligible youth (≥80%). Secondary outcomes are intervention training fidelity/feasibility/acceptability, recruitment timeframe, and retention/assessment feasibility. CONCLUSION Findings will inform optimization of training, recruitment, intervention delivery, retention, and assessment protocols for a multisite, efficacy randomized controlled trial evaluating MBI for decreasing depression and improving insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sanchez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA.
| | - Michele Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Sally Ho
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Holly Spinner
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, USA
| | - Jack Vagadori
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Abigail Neiser
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Kimberly Padilla
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Madison Bristol
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Elijah Winfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Isabel Thorstad
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, USA
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Talia Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Doris E Estrada
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Molly Basch
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, USA
| | - Megan M Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Eleanor R Mackey
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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13
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Fan XF, Peng JY, Zhang L, Hu YL, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhang TM. The impact of mindfulness therapy combined with mentalization-based family therapy on suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder: randomized intervention study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38720347 PMCID: PMC11080205 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with depression who engage in non-suicidal self harming behaviors are more likely to adopt negative coping strategies when faced with negative events. Therefore, these patients should be introduced to positive coping strategies. Evidences have showed that mindfulness-based interventions can positively impact the psychology of patients with mental disorders. This study was to explore the impact of a combination of mindfulness therapy and mentalization-based family therapy (MBFT) on suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder. METHODS Eighty adolescent patients with depression and suicidal ideation admitted to our hospital from September 2021 to February 2022 were selected as subjects. They were divided into a control group and a study group using the random number table method, with each group comprising 40 subjects. The control group received MBFT, whereas the study group received both mindfulness therapy and MBFT. The psychological status and suicidal ideations of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention. RESULTS The psychological health scores of both groups of patients were lower after the intervention, with the scores of the study group being lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The scores on the suicidal ideation scales for both groups were lower after intervention, and the study group scored lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The absolute values of the differences in psychological health scale scores and suicidal ideation scale scores before and after the intervention were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of mindfulness therapy and MBFT can improve the psychological condition of adolescents with depression, reduce their suicidal ideations, and help them develop a healthy and positive outlook toward life, making this method worthy of clinical recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen Fan
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ju-Yi Peng
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ya-Li Hu
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Tian-Mei Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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14
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Fong Yan A, Nicholson LL, Ward RE, Hiller CE, Dovey K, Parker HM, Low LF, Moyle G, Chan C. The Effectiveness of Dance Interventions on Psychological and Cognitive Health Outcomes Compared with Other Forms of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:1179-1205. [PMID: 38270792 PMCID: PMC11127814 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is known to improve psychological and cognitive outcomes. Learning dance sequences may challenge cognition, partnered or group dance may benefit social interactions, and the artistic aspect may improve psychological wellbeing. Dance is an equally effective form of physical activity compared with other structured physical activities to improve physical health, but it is unclear how effective dance could be for psychological and cognitive outcome measures. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of structured dance interventions, compared with structured exercise programmes, on psychological and cognitive outcomes across the lifespan. METHODS Eight databases were searched from earliest records to July 2022. Studies investigating a dance intervention lasting ≥ 4 weeks, including psychological and/or cognitive health outcomes, and having a structured exercise comparison group were included. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers at all stages. All reviewer disagreements were resolved by the primary author. Where appropriate, meta-analysis was performed, or an effect size estimate generated. RESULTS Of 21,737 records identified, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Total sample size of included studies was 1392 (944 females, 418 males, 30 unreported). Dance was equally as effective as other physical activity interventions in improving quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease [mean difference 3.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.13 to 8.30; p = 0.25], reducing anxiety (standardised mean difference 2.26; 95% CI - 2.37 to 6.90; p = 0.34), and improving depressive symptoms (standardised mean difference 0.78; 95% CI - 0.92 to 2.48; p = 0.37). Preliminary evidence found dance to be superior to other physical activity interventions to improve motivation, aspects of memory, and social cognition and to reduce distress. Preliminary evidence found dance to be inferior to other physical activity interventions to improve stress, self-efficacy and language fluency. CONCLUSION Undertaking structured dance of any genre is generally equally and occasionally more effective than other types of structured exercise for improving a range of psychological and cognitive outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42018099637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia Fong Yan
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leslie L Nicholson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel E Ward
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire E Hiller
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Dovey
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M Parker
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gene Moyle
- Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cliffton Chan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Barone M, De Bernardis R, Salzillo R, Persichetti P. Eating Disorders and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04020-2. [PMID: 38671244 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating disorders (ED) and plastic surgery are two areas of healthcare that have gained significant attention in recent years. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the existing literature concerning the interplay between ED and aesthetic surgery, identifying existing questionnaires and providing suggestions for the future research on the psychological aspects of these group of patients. METHODS We conducted a systematic review on PubMed. We included studies that examined the type of ED, surgical procedure, outcome measures used, patients' motivations as well as physical and psychological outcomes of individuals with ED seeking or undergoing aesthetic surgery. Three independent reviewers examined each potential study. RESULTS Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies involved 5510 patients, addressing a spectrum of ED such as Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, and Binge eating. The primary focus was on body contouring procedures like liposuction, breast surgery, and abdominoplasty. The assessment tools employed in these studies for evaluating ED included the Eating Attitude Test (EAT), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Eating Disturbance Scale (EDS), Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-Eating Disorder (SATAQ-ED), and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS There is a complex interplay between ED and aesthetic surgery, underscoring the significance of comprehending and dealing with the psychological and sociocultural factors that impact patients in this context. The optimal management for these patients and the most effective tool for plastic surgeons to assess their psychological condition remain unclear. It is, therefore, crucial to standardize the evaluation and approach to this patient subgroup, closely aligned with psychological support, to achieve the best outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Barone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Bernardis
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Salzillo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Persichetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
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16
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Ledoux AA, Zemek R, Cairncross M, Silverberg N, Sicard V, Barrowman N, Goldfield G, Gray C, Harris AD, Jaworska N, Reed N, Saab BJ, Smith A, Walker L. Smartphone App-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e57226. [PMID: 38602770 PMCID: PMC11046387 DOI: 10.2196/57226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion in children and adolescents is a significant public health concern, with 30% to 35% of patients at risk for prolonged emotional, cognitive, sleep, or physical symptoms. These symptoms negatively impact a child's quality of life while interfering with their participation in important neurodevelopmental activities such as schoolwork, socializing, and sports. Early psychological intervention following a concussion may improve the ability to regulate emotions and adapt to postinjury symptoms, resulting in the greater acceptance of change; reduced stress; and recovery of somatic, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a parallel-group (1:1) randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a digital therapeutics (DTx) mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in adolescents aged 12 to <18 years. The attention-matched comparator intervention (a math game also used in previous RCTs) will be delivered on the same DTx platform. Both groups will be provided with the standard of care guidelines. The secondary objective is to examine intervention trends for quality of life; resilience; self-efficacy; cognition such as attention, working memory, and executive functioning; symptom burden; and anxiety and depression scores at 4 weeks after concussion, which will inform a more definitive RCT. A subsample will be used to examine whether those randomized to the experimental intervention group have different brain-based imaging patterns compared with those randomized to the control group. METHODS This study is a double-blind Health Canada-regulated trial. A total of 70 participants will be enrolled within 7 days of concussion and randomly assigned to receive the 4-week DTx MBI (experimental group) or comparator intervention. Feasibility will be assessed based on the recruitment rate, treatment adherence to both interventions, and retention. All outcome measures will be evaluated before the intervention (within 7 days after injury) and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the injury. A subset of 60 participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging within 72 hours and at 4 weeks after recruitment to identify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the potential benefits from MBI training in adolescents following a concussion. RESULTS The recruitment began in October 2022, and the data collection is expected to be completed by September 2024. Data collection and management is still in progress; therefore, data analysis is yet to be conducted. CONCLUSIONS This trial will confirm the feasibility and resolve uncertainties to inform a future definitive multicenter efficacy RCT. If proven effective, a smartphone-based MBI has the potential to be an accessible and low-risk preventive treatment for youth at risk of experiencing prolonged postconcussion symptoms and complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05105802; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05105802. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/57226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah Silverberg
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Barrowman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Gray
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Walker
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Badia-Aguarón T, Royuela-Colomer E, Pera-Guardiola V, Vergés-Balasch P, Cebolla A, Luciano JV, Soler J, Feliu-Soler A, Huguet Miguel A. Combining mindfulness and cognitive training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: study protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial (the NeuroMind study). Front Psychol 2024; 15:1291198. [PMID: 38384348 PMCID: PMC10879620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1291198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a global mean prevalence of 5%. Cognitive Training (CT) and Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have shown promising results in managing ADHD symptoms, but they are not its Treatment-As-Usual (TAU). The NeuroMind Study aims to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of three interventions: Mindfulness for Health (M4H), CT using the NeuronUP® platform (CT), and a combination of both, Mindfulness Cognitive Training (MCT). There is empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of the M4H and NeuronUP® platform; however, this study explores for the first time the effectiveness of MCT and CT, as well as the integration of M4H into TAU. The objectives of this 5-month Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) are: (1) To analyze the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of M4H, CT or a combination of both (MCT) added to TAU for children with ADHD; (2) To evaluate the role of psychological process variables (mindfulness and emotional regulation) as mediators of 5-month follow-up clinical outcomes; (3) To preliminarily explore whether specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics can predict the short-and medium-term clinical response to the specific treatments. Methods and analysis Participants will be 120 children (7 to 12 years) with ADHD recruited at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) Sant Joan de Déu Terres de Lleida (Spain) randomly allocated to one of the four study arms: TAU vs. TAU + CT vs. TAU + M4H vs. TAU + MCT. An assessment to collect ADHD symptoms, Executive Functions (EF), comorbid symptoms and global functioning will be conducted pre-intervention, post-intervention (2 months after baseline) and at the 5-month follow-up. Linear mixed models and mediational models will be computed. Discussion If the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of the MCT are demonstrated, this study could be a preliminary basis to do a full RCT with a larger sample to definitively validate the intervention. The MCT could be applied in clinical practice if it is definitively validated.Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier, NCT05937347. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05937347?locStr=Spain&country=Spain&cond=ADHD&intr=Mindfulness&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Badia-Aguarón
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer
- Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain (AGORA Research Group), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Pera-Guardiola
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Sant Joan de Déu Terres de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pere Vergés-Balasch
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Sant Joan de Déu Terres de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan V. Luciano
- Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain (AGORA Research Group), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Feliu-Soler
- Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain (AGORA Research Group), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Huguet Miguel
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Sant Joan de Déu Terres de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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18
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Kander TN, Lawrence D, Fox A, Houghton S, Becerra R. Mindfulness-based interventions for preadolescent children: A comprehensive meta-analysis. J Sch Psychol 2024; 102:101261. [PMID: 38143094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Among the many social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions available, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have become increasingly popular, particularly for preadolescent children who were once thought to not possess the metacognitive abilities or cognitive resources to benefit from such training. Although previous research syntheses indicate that MBIs show promise in promoting positive outcomes across a range of domains, the effectiveness of MBIs for preadolescent children may be masked by the effects of older children who have comprised the majority of samples in past meta-analyses. Hence, to better understand the impact of mindfulness-based training on preadolescent children (ages 6-12 years), the present study reviewed treatment effect estimates across a range of outcomes, including mindfulness, attention, metacognition and cognitive flexibility, emotional and behavioral regulation, academic achievement and school functioning, positive emotion and self-appraisal, negative emotion and subjective distress, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, social competence and prosocial behavior, and physical health. Thirty-two studies (nparticipants = 3640) were identified and included in a random-effects meta-analyses. The results from multiple meta-analytical analyses conducted in the present study suggest that preadolescents have experienced significant benefits across attention, emotional and behavioral regulation, positive emotion and self-appraisal, and social competence and prosocial behavior (g = 0.19 to 0.39). However, the overall effect was deemed small (g = 0.34). Due to the lack of comparison studies with SEL interventions, it remains unclear whether MBIs are as effective as traditional approaches in promoting healthy development and academic achievement for preadolescent children. Additionally, results from the present meta-analysis suggest various recommendations for future studies to ensure a continued growth in understanding how MBIs can be used with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharen N Kander
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Allison Fox
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Stephen Houghton
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Rodrigo Becerra
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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Vo DX, Tabi K, Bhullar M, Johnson A, Locke J, Wang S, Stewart SE, Marshall SK. Mindful awareness and resilience skills for adolescents (MARS-A): a mixed-methods study of a mindfulness-based intervention for a heterogeneous adolescent clinical population. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:25-35. [PMID: 38298033 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mindful Awareness and Resilience Skills for Adolescents (MARS-A) is a mindfulness-based intervention adapted for the adolescent population. While previous studies have explored the benefits of MARS-A in various single-diagnosis populations, the aim of this study was to assess MARS-A for a heterogenous clinical adolescent population with mental health and/or chronic diagnoses, focusing on the underlying suffering present in all these conditions rather than its effects on a single diagnosis itself. METHODS Qualitative data was collected through interviews to understand post-intervention participant perspectives and experiences. Quantitative data was collected through measures to investigate preliminary secondary outcomes. RESULTS After participating in MARS-A, participants reported qualitative benefits in enhanced well-being, including coping with difficult emotions and managing sleep and/or pain. Quantitative results showed a reduction in functional disability, psychological distress, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms; increase in positive affect; and benefit in coping with pain and chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS MARS-A shows great potential in a heterogeneous clinical adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzung X Vo
- Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katarina Tabi
- Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manreet Bhullar
- Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrea Johnson
- School of Social Work, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jake Locke
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sophia Wang
- Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Centre for Mindfulness, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sheila K Marshall
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Social Work, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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20
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Arnaud N, Wartberg L, Simon-Kutscher K, Thomasius R. Prevalence of substance use disorders and associations with mindfulness, impulsive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:451-465. [PMID: 36853515 PMCID: PMC9972301 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical phase for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). For Europe and Germany, there are limited data on problematic substance use from representative youth samples. Trait mindfulness is relevant in buffering against substance use-related problems and associated deficits in self-regulatory control. The objective of this study is to estimate 12-month prevalence rates for SUDs in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany and to examine associations with mindfulness and related factors such as stress, impulsivity, sensation seeking and symptoms of psychopathology. A sample of 4001 adolescents aged 12-18 years from Germany was surveyed based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for SUDs. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with mindfulness-related variables. Criteria of at least one of the assessed SUDs were endorsed by 11.2% of the adolescents. Alcohol use disorders had the highest prevalence rate (10.1%) followed by cannabis use disorders (2.6%). For both substances, the criteria for abuse were met about twice as often as those for dependence. The prevalence of cigarette dependence was 1.7%, while the prevalence for e-cigarette dependence was only 0.1%. Prevalence rates were higher for male youth and increasing with age. SUD prevalence was also related to mindfulness, impulsivity and sensation seeking and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology. The statistically significant associations varied across different SUDs. SUDs appear highly prevalent among German adolescents. The results have public health implications with regard to treatment needs and prevention measures in the youth population in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Simon-Kutscher
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Vuijk P, Bul K, Buil M, Rauws M, Curie K, Amesz C, Weerheijm R, Riper H. Effectiveness of a blended school-based mindfulness program for the prevention of co-rumination and internalizing problems in Dutch secondary school girls: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:40. [PMID: 38212820 PMCID: PMC10785508 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates that adolescent girls who talk with close friends about interpersonal problems or worries in an excessive, speculative way, and with an intense focus on distress (i.e., co-rumination) are at heightened risk for developing internalizing symptoms and disorders as well as reduced friendship quality. However, to date, there are no prevention programs available that target high levels of co-rumination between adolescent girls. As such, we developed the blended school-based mindfulness prevention program Happy Friends, Positive Minds (HFPM) that targets co-rumination at the dyadic level, i.e., between two close female friends. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of HFPM to reduce co-rumination and internalizing problems and to enhance wellbeing and social-emotional behavior in Dutch adolescent girls. METHODS A cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (cRCT) will be conducted to evaluate HFPM effectiveness. We will recruit 160 female friendship dyads (n = 320 girls) aged 13 to 15 years who will be characterized by high levels of self-reported co-rumination. The cRCT has two arms: (1) an intervention condition in which 160 girls (80 friendship dyads) will receive the 14-week HFPM program in two consecutive cohorts (cohort 1 in academic year 2023/2024 and cohort 2 in academic year 2024/2025, and (2) a control condition in which 160 girls (80 dyads) will receive care-as-usual (CAU) in two consecutive cohorts (cohort 1 in academic year 2023/2024 and cohort 2 in academic year 2024/2025). Data will be collected at baseline (T0), during the program (T1;T2; T3), immediately after the program (T4), and at 1-year follow-up (T5). Participant-level self-reported risk for (early onset) depression and anxiety, self-reported and observed co-rumination, self- and friend-reported friendship quality, self-reported positive and negative affect, self-reported interpersonal responses to positive affect, and self-reported anhedonia symptoms will be the outcome variables. DISCUSSION This study will provide insights into the short-term and long-term effects of the HFPM program on girls' internalizing problems, wellbeing, and social-emotional behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials, identifier: ISRCTN54246670. Registered on 27 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vuijk
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kim Bul
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Marieke Buil
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, section Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Rauws
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Keshia Curie
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Amesz
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Weerheijm
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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van Rooij SJH, Powers A. Maternal Stress and Vulnerability in Offspring: Hippocampal Mechanisms of Resilience. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:3-5. [PMID: 38030307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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Mitsea E, Drigas A, Skianis C. Digitally Assisted Mindfulness in Training Self-Regulation Skills for Sustainable Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1008. [PMID: 38131865 PMCID: PMC10740653 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased demand for mental health interventions, with a special focus on digitally assisted ones. Self-regulation describes a set of meta-skills that enable one to take control over his/her mental health and it is recognized as a vital indicator of well-being. Mindfulness training is a promising training strategy for promoting self-regulation, behavioral change, and mental well-being. A growing body of research outlines that smart technologies are ready to revolutionize the way mental health training programs take place. Artificial intelligence (AI); extended reality (XR) including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR); as well as the advancements in brain computer interfaces (BCIs) are ready to transform these mental health training programs. Mindfulness-based interventions assisted by smart technologies for mental, emotional, and behavioral regulation seem to be a crucial yet under-investigated issue. The current systematic review paper aims to explore whether and how smart technologies can assist mindfulness training for the development of self-regulation skills among people at risk of mental health issues as well as populations with various clinical characteristics. The PRISMA 2020 methodology was utilized to respond to the objectives and research questions using a total of sixty-six experimental studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that digitally assisted mindfulness interventions supported by smart technologies, including AI-based applications, chatbots, virtual coaches, immersive technologies, and brain-sensing headbands, can effectively assist trainees in developing a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral self-regulation skills, leading to a greater satisfaction of their psychological needs, and thus mental wellness. These results may provide positive feedback for developing smarter and more inclusive training environments, with a special focus on people with special training needs or disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mitsea
- Net Media Lab & Mind & Brain R&D, Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’ Athens, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of Aegean, 82300 Mytilene, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Drigas
- Net Media Lab & Mind & Brain R&D, Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’ Athens, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | - Charalabos Skianis
- Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of Aegean, 82300 Mytilene, Greece;
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24
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Hughes Z, Ball LJ, Richardson C, Judge J. A meta-analytical review of the impact of mindfulness on creativity: Framing current lines of research and defining moderator variables. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:2155-2186. [PMID: 37442873 PMCID: PMC10728263 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Findings relating to the impact of mindfulness interventions on creative performance remain inconsistent, perhaps because of discrepancies between study designs, including variability in the length of mindfulness interventions, the absence of control groups or the tendencies to explore creativity as one unitary construct. To derive a clearer understanding of the impact that mindfulness interventions may exert on creative performance, two meta-analytical reviews were conducted, drawing respectively on studies using a control group design (n = 20) and studies using a pretest-posttest design (n = 17). A positive effect was identified between mindfulness and creativity, both for control group designs (d = 0.42, 95% CIs [0.29, 0.54]) and pretest-posttest designs (d = 0.59, 95% CIs [0.38, 0.81]). Subgroup analysis revealed that intervention length, creativity task (i.e., divergent vs. convergent thinking tasks) and control group type, were significant moderators for control group studies, whereas only intervention length was a significant moderator for pretest-posttest studies. Overall, the findings support the use of mindfulness as a tool to enhance creative performance, with more advantageous outcomes for convergent as opposed to divergent thinking tasks. We discuss the implications of study design and intervention length as key factors of relevance to future research aimed at advancing theoretical accounts of the relationship between mindfulness and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hughes
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Linden J Ball
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Cassandra Richardson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, UK
| | - Jeannie Judge
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
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25
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Yüksel Doğan R, Demir E, Öz S, Demircioğlu H. A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Psychol Rep 2023:332941231212844. [PMID: 37988752 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231212844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
We carried out the present meta-analysis study to secure the reliability generalization of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Scale (CAMM) based on its reliability findings in different studies. The study only considered full-text papers in English that were indexed in Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus and presented a Cronbach's alpha value of the measurements with the CAMM (209 alpha values out of 155 papers). Using the random effects model and the Bonnet transformation, the relevant analyses yielded the transformed Cronbach's alpha value of the CAMM to be 0.80 (CI = 0.79-0.81). The present meta-analysis study concluded that the CAMM is rather reliable to be utilized in child and adolescent populations. Besides, moderator analyses to scrutinize the alpha values yielded significant differences in favor of the origin continent of the research and the CAMM-short version (25-item/10-item). Yet, it was not the case with the publication type and the adaptation status of the scale. In a nutshell, future research may confidently employ the 10-item short form of the CAMM to assess mindfulness among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Yüksel Doğan
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Demir
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - Sena Öz
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haktan Demircioğlu
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Krause JT, Brown SM. Mindfulness Intervention Improves Coping and Perceptions of Children's Behavior among Families with Elevated Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7092. [PMID: 38063522 PMCID: PMC10706069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-informed interventions (MIIs) are increasingly common but have not been extensively studied among families with elevated levels of risk (e.g., those involved in child protective services and/or receiving financial assistance). These families often experience high rates of stressors that can impact coping strategies, interpersonal dynamics, and relationships. Given that mindfulness has been shown to promote health and wellbeing, this study used a sample from two pilot randomized controlled trials to test the extent to which a mindfulness-informed intervention improved coping strategies and perceptions of children's behavior among 53 families with elevated risk. A principal components analysis with a direct oblimin rotation revealed that cognitive-emotion coping strategies could be characterized by three factors: positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated significant group by time differences, with intervention participants demonstrating improvements in positive refocusing coping, positive adaptation coping, and perceptions of children's behavior problems compared to participants in the waitlist control group. No significant differences were found for negative adaptation coping strategies. Findings provide preliminary support for the benefits of mindfulness training in a sample generally underrepresented in the mindfulness intervention literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill T. Krause
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570, USA
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27
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Andreu CI, García-Rubio C, Melcón M, Schonert-Reichl KA, Albert J. The effectiveness of a school mindfulness-based intervention on the neural correlates of inhibitory control in children at risk: A randomized control trial. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13403. [PMID: 37096316 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the applications of mindfulness practice in education is growing in the scientific community. Recent research has shown that mindfulness practice in schools may be beneficial for executive functions (EFs) which are abilities crucial for healthy development. The study of the effects of mindfulness practices on children's neural correlates of EFs, particularly inhibitory control, may provide relevant information about the impact and mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a MBI in elementary school children on the neural correlates of inhibitory control via a randomized controlled trial. Children from two 4th grade classrooms and two 5th grade classrooms located in a school identified as having low socioeconomic status in Santiago de Chile were randomly assigned to either receive a MBI or serve as active controls and receive a social skills program. Both before and after the interventions, electroencephalographic activity was recorded during a modified version of the Go/Nogo task in a subsample of children in each group. Additionally, teachers completed questionnaires of students' EFs and students completed self-report measures. Results revealed increases in EFs assessed by questionnaires together with improved P3 amplitude associated with successful response inhibition in children who received the MBI compared to active controls. These results contribute to the understanding of the ways in which mindfulness practices can promote the development of inhibitory control together with EF improvement, factors identified as critical for children's social and emotional development and positive mental health. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in children from a low socioeconomic status school on neural correlates of EFs. Children performed a Go/Nogo task while electroencephalographic activity was recorded and completed questionnaires before and after a MBI or an active control program. Improvements in EFs assessed by questionnaires together with an increased Nogo-P3 activity associated with successful inhibition in children who received the MBI were found. The results could contribute to understand how mindfulness practice can promote the development of inhibitory control in children from vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Andreu
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- Polibienestar Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Rubio
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nirakara Lab, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Melcón
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jacobo Albert
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Owens M, Bunce H. The effect of brief exposure to virtual nature on mental wellbeing in adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17769. [PMID: 37853074 PMCID: PMC10584913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of multiple transitions and a vulnerability period for mental health difficulties. There are many barriers to the treatment of mental health conditions which is one reason for developing alternatives to help improve efficacy in treatment and prevention. One approach is to use nature-based interventions (NBIs) to improve mental wellbeing. In this experimental proof-of-principle intervention study, we randomly allocated a sample of adolescents to brief exposure (6 min) to either a virtual woodland nature video or a busy train journey and tested the effect on mental wellbeing. Results showed beneficial effects in the nature condition on several self-reported outcomes including stress, relaxation, affect, mood, attention, nature connection and nature spirituality. The intervention was mainly acceptable and feasible to do suggesting that overall brief virtual nature interventions may have utility in a range of mental health contexts for adolescents including as self-help universal or targeted prevention strategies, adjunct to psychological therapy and as preparation for more intensive NBIs. Additionally, brief virtual nature interventions support accessibility for those who may be limited on time, unable to access real-life nature or who may be more biophobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Owens
- Department of Psychology, The Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QQ, UK.
- The ROWAN Group, Exeter, UK.
| | - Hannah Bunce
- The ROWAN Group, Exeter, UK
- Somerset Foundation Trust NHS, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK
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29
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Chen T, Reed H, Parra-Mujica F, Johnson EA, Johnson M, O'Flaherty M, Collins B, Kypridemos C. Quantifying the mental health and economic impacts of prospective Universal Basic Income schemes among young people in the UK: a microsimulation modelling study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075831. [PMID: 37793925 PMCID: PMC10551934 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Universal Basic Income (UBI)-a largely unconditional, regular payment to all adults to support basic needs-has been proposed as a policy to increase the size and security of household incomes and promote mental health. We aimed to quantify its long-term impact on mental health among young people in England. METHODS We produced a discrete-time dynamic stochastic microsimulation that models a close-to-reality open cohort of synthetic individuals (2010-2030) based on data from Office for National Statistics and Understanding Society. Three UBI scheme scenarios were simulated: Scheme 1-Starter (per week): £41 per child; £63 per adult over 18 and under 65; £190 per adult aged 65+; Scheme 2-Intermediate (per week): £63 per child; £145 per adult under 65; £190 per adult aged 65+; Scheme 3-Minimum Income Standard level (per week): £95 per child; £230 per adult under 65; £230 per adult aged 65+. We reported cases of anxiety and depression prevented or postponed and cost savings. Estimates are rounded to the second significant digit. RESULTS Scheme 1 could prevent or postpone 200 000 (95% uncertainty interval: 180 000 to 210 000) cases of anxiety and depression from 2010 to 2030. This would increase to 420 000(400 000 to 440 000) for Scheme 2 and 550 000(520 000 to 570 000) for Scheme 3. Assuming that 50% of the cases are diagnosed and treated, Scheme 1 could save £330 million (£280 million to £390 million) to National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS), over the same period, with Scheme 2 (£710 million (£640 million to £790 million)) or Scheme 3 (£930 million (£850 million to £1000 million)) producing more considerable savings. Overall, total cost savings (including NHS, PSS and patients' related costs) would range from £1.5 billion (£1.2 billion to £1.8 billion) for Scheme 1 to £4.2 billion (£3.7 billion to £4.6 billion) for Scheme 3. CONCLUSION Our modelling suggests that UBI could substantially benefit young people's mental health, producing substantial health-related cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Center for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Howard Reed
- Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Landman Economics Ltd, Colchester, UK
| | - Fiorella Parra-Mujica
- School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elliott Aidan Johnson
- Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brendan Collins
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris Kypridemos
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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30
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Lo CC, Chen IC, Ho WS, Cheng YC. A sequential mediation model of perceived social support, mindfulness, perceived hope, and mental health literacy: An empirical study on Taiwanese university students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104016. [PMID: 37729828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the mediation of mindfulness and perceived hope between perceived social support and mental health literacy in university students. Of 568 students (205 males, 363 females, average age 20.97) from 70 Taiwanese universities, tools like the Perceived Social Support Scale, General Health Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and State Hope Scale were used, adapted to Traditional Chinese through back-translation. Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed model validity. Hayes' PROCESS Model 6 analyzed the data. The results showed an indirect effect of social support on mental health literacy via mindfulness and hope (B = 0.091, 95 % CI: 0.0613 to 0.1258). Three mediation paths were: (1) mindfulness (B = 0.035); (2) hope (B = 0.052); and (3) a combined effect (B = 0.003). A direct effect of social support on mental health literacy was significant (B = 0.120). The model explained 33.9 % of the variance in mental health literacy. The research underscores the link between social support, mindfulness, hope, and mental health literacy, identifying mindfulness and hope as mediators. It stresses the mediation impact and suggests strategies to boost mental health literacy in university students. Future research should expand to cross-cultural studies, further examine the evolving dynamics of social support, and incorporate both qualitative and experimental methodologies. The inclusion of factors such as alienation, well-being, and resilience can enrich the theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lo
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Clothing Making, National Yuanlin Home-Economics and Commercial Vocational Senior High School, No. 56, Zhongzheng Rd., Changhua County, Yuanlin City 510005, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Sho Ho
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC; NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua County, Changhua City 500207, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yao-Chung Cheng
- Center for Teacher Education, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC; Alumni Service Center, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua County, Changhua City 500207, Taiwan, ROC.
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Robe A, Dobrean A. The effectiveness of a single session of mindfulness-based cognitive training on cardiac vagal control and core symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1863-1872. [PMID: 35608666 PMCID: PMC9128328 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on Conners' continuous performance test scores (CPTs), cardiac vagal control (CVC) assessed by vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV), and mood in children and adolescents with ADHD. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) recruiting 70 children and adolescents (M age 11.03, SD 2.78) with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, which were allocated to either 1 session of mindfulness cognitive training, or an active control condition and were examined at baseline, post-treatment and 4-week follow-up. See clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04316832. There was a significant main effect of time on the primary outcomes measured by CPT scores of attention-related problems (omission errors, reaction time) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (commission errors). However, time-by-group interaction did not achieve statistical significance for commission errors and hit RT, indicating that the changes over time in these outcomes were not significantly different between the MBI and Control conditions. In addition, there was a significant time-by-group interaction for omission errors. Relative to control, MBI resulted in a small (d = 0.011) non-statistically significant reduction in omission errors post-treatment. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in detectability. Secondary outcomes were CVC and mood. A small treatment effect on CVC (d = 0.37) was observed; there was a slight increase in vagally mediated HRV measure post-treatment. There were no significant differences in mood improvement over time between conditions. One brief session of MBI effectively enhances CVC but does not significantly improve CPT scores of attention-related problems and hyperactivity-impulsivity or mood in children with ADHD.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04316832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Robe
- Doctoral School "Evidence-Based Assessment and Psychological Interventions, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dobrean
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Republicii Street 37, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Osborne EL, Ainsworth B, Hooper N, Atkinson MJ. Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44220. [PMID: 37768709 PMCID: PMC10570895 DOI: 10.2196/44220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are a promising approach to deliver accessible and scalable mindfulness training and have been shown to improve a range of health outcomes. However, the success of digital MBIs is reliant on adequate engagement, which remains a crucial challenge. Understanding people's experiences of using digital MBIs and identifying the core factors that facilitate or act as barriers to engagement is essential to inform intervention development and maximize engagement and outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically map the literature on people's experiences of using digital MBIs that target psychosocial variables (eg, anxiety, depression, distress, and well-being) and identify key barriers to and facilitators of engagement. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to synthesize empirical qualitative research on people's experiences of using digital MBIs. We adopted a streamlined approach to ensure that the evidence could be incorporated into the early stages of intervention development. The search strategy identified articles with at least one keyword related to mindfulness, digital, user experience, and psychosocial variables in their title or abstract. Inclusion criteria specified that articles must have a qualitative component, report on participants' experiences of using a digital MBI designed to improve psychosocial variables, and have a sample age range that at least partially overlapped with 16 to 35 years. Qualitative data on user experience were charted and analyzed using inductive thematic synthesis to generate understandings that go beyond the content of the original studies. We used the Quality of Reporting Tool to critically appraise the included sources of evidence. RESULTS The search identified 530 studies, 22 (4.2%) of which met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the samples were approximately 78% female and 79% White; participants were aged between 16 and 69 years; and the most used measures in intervention studies were mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and variables related to mental health (including depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being). All studies were judged to be adequately reported. We identified 3 themes characterizing barriers to and facilitators of engagement: responses to own practice (ie, negative reactions to one's own practice are common and can deplete motivation), making mindfulness a habit (ie, creating a consistent training routine is essential yet challenging), and leaning on others (ie, those engaging depend on someone else for support). CONCLUSIONS The themes identified in this review provide crucial insights as to why people frequently stop engaging with digital MBIs. Researchers and developers should consider using person-based coparticipatory methods to improve acceptability of and engagement with digital MBIs, increase their effectiveness, and support their translation to real-world use. Such strategies must be grounded in relevant literature and meet the priorities and needs of the individuals who will use the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Ainsworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nic Hooper
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Yang JM, Ye H, Long Y, Zhu Q, Huang H, Zhong YB, Luo Y, Yang L, Wang MY. Effects of Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44000. [PMID: 37527546 PMCID: PMC10467633 DOI: 10.2196/44000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has spread around the world, and health care workers, as frontline workers, have faced tremendous psychological stress. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore whether web-based mindfulness-based interventions continue to have a positive impact on anxiety, depression, and stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants were frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) the experimental group was a web-based mindfulness-based intervention; (3) the control group used either general psychological intervention or no intervention; (4) outcome indicators included scales to assess anxiety, depression, and stress; and (5) the study type was a randomized controlled study. Studies that did not meet the above requirements were excluded. We searched 9 databases, including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database, for randomized controlled studies on the effects of web-based mindfulness-based interventions on common mental disorder symptoms among health care workers from January 1, 2020, to October 20, 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Subgroup analysis was used to look for sources of heterogeneity and to explore whether the results were the same for subgroups under different conditions. Sensitivity analysis was used to verify the stability of the pooled results. RESULTS A total of 10 randomized controlled studies with 1311 participants were included. The results showed that web-based mindfulness-based interventions were effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety (standard mean difference [SMD]=-0.63, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.31, P<.001, I2=87%), depression (SMD=-0.52, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.26, P<.001, I2=75%), and stress (SMD=-0.20, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.05, P=.01, I2=58%) among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, but with wide CIs and high heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Web-based mindfulness-based interventions may be effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress among frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this effect is relatively mild and needs to be further explored by better studies in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022343727; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=343727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi Long
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan-Biao Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Intelligent Rehabilitation Technology Innovation Center, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Institute of Geriatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Mao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou, China
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Galante J, Friedrich C, Dalgleish T, Jones PB, White IR. Individual participant data systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessing adult mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in non-clinical settings. NATURE. MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 1:462-476. [PMID: 37867573 PMCID: PMC7615230 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-023-00081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are widely used to prevent mental ill-health that is becoming the leading global cause of morbidity. Evidence suggests beneficial average effects but wide variability. We aimed to confirm the effect of MBPs on psychological distress, and to understand whether and how baseline distress, gender, age, education, and dispositional mindfulness modify the effect of MBPs on distress among adults in non-clinical settings. Methods We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42020200117). Thirteen databases were searched in December 2020 for randomised controlled trials satisfying a quality threshold and comparing in-person, expert-defined MBPs in non-clinical settings with passive control groups. Two researchers independently selected, extracted, and appraised trials using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool (RoB2). Anonymised IPD of eligible trials were sought from collaborating authors. The primary outcome was psychological distress (unpleasant mental or emotional experiences including anxiety and depression) at 1 to 6 months after programme completion. Data were checked and imputed if missing. Pairwise, random-effects, two-stage IPD meta-analyses were conducted. Effect modification analyses followed a within-studies approach. Public and professional stakeholders were involved in the planning, conduct and dissemination of this study. Results Fifteen trials were eligible, 13 trialists shared IPD (2,371 participants representing 8 countries, median age 34 years-old, 71% women, moderately distressed on average, 20% missing outcome data). In comparison with passive control groups, MBPs reduced average distress between one- and six-months post-intervention with a small to moderate effect size (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.41 to -0.24; p-value < 0.001; 95% prediction interval (PI) -0.41 to -0.24 (no heterogeneity)). Results were robust to sensitivity analyses, and similar for the other psychological distress time point ranges. Confidence in the primary outcome result is high. We found no clear indication that this effect is modified by baseline psychological distress, gender, age, education level, or dispositional mindfulness. Conclusions Group-based teacher-led MBPs generally reduce psychological distress among community adults who volunteer to receive this type of intervention. More research is needed to identify sources of variability in outcomes at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Galante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Contemplative Studies Centre, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Friedrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian R. White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Miller E, Crane C, Medlicott E, Robson J, Taylor L. Non-Positive Experiences Encountered by Pupils During Participation in a Mindfulness-Informed School-Based Intervention. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 15:851-872. [PMID: 37720164 PMCID: PMC10504121 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-023-09591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-informed school-based mental health curricula show much promise in cultivating a positive school climate which supports the well-being and mental health of pupils and staff. However, non-positive pupil outcomes and experiences of school-based mental health interventions are often under-recognised and under-reported. This study sought to capture non-positive pupil experiences of a popular mindfulness-informed curriculum. Some pupils across all schools in the study described non-positive experiences, including having troubling thoughts and emotions, and not finding the programme effective. Contexts surrounding these experiences are explored and linked to existing literature, and subsequent recommendations for improvements are made, including the importance of having clear programme structure, definitions and aims, acknowledging and accommodating fidelity issues as best as possible, and better highlighting the potential for non-positive experiences and how they may be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.J. Miller
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C. Crane
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- OxfordHealth NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Klimek M, Entringer S, Matras A, Blukacz M, Nenko I, Galbarczyk A, Jasienska G. Early-life adversities and later-life reproductive patterns in women with fully traced reproductive history. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9328. [PMID: 37291139 PMCID: PMC10250381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most crucial determinants of early-life development is the experience of childhood adversities. However, limited evidence is available for how these experiences shape later-life reproductive outcomes in women. Here we test the association between early-life adversities and reproductive parameters in women. Post-reproductive women (N = 105; mean age = 59.7; SD = 10.09) were recruited at the Mogielica Human Ecology Study Site in Poland within a traditional population with a low prevalence of birth control usage and fully traced reproductive histories. Reproductive parameters, as well as exposure to early-life abuse and neglect, were assessed using questionnaires. Childhood adversity was associated negatively with age at menarche (p = 0.009). Analyses on specific subtypes revealed that compared to women who did not experience any kind of early-life adversities in childhood, those who were exposed to emotional (p = 0.007) and physical (p = 0.023) neglect had an earlier age at menarche, those who experienced emotional abuse reported an earlier age at first birth (p = 0.035), and those who were exposed to physical abuse gave birth to fewer number of sons (p = 0.010). Our results suggest that women exposed to childhood adversities experience earlier physiological reproductive readiness and timing of the first birth, but their overall biological condition might be impaired as they bear fewer sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Klimek
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Matras
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Blukacz
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ilona Nenko
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Lucas-Thompson RG, Moran MJ. Advancing the Study of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Relation to Psychological Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085473. [PMID: 37107755 PMCID: PMC10138894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Since 2006, there has been exponential growth in the number of publications on mindfulness [...].
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García-Campayo J, Hijar-Aguinaga R, López-Del-Hoyo Y, Magallón-Botaya R, Fernández-Martínez S, Barceló-Soler A, Soler-Ribaudi J, Montero-Marin J. Effectiveness of four deconstructive meditative practices on well-being and self-deconstruction: study protocol for an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:125. [PMID: 36805694 PMCID: PMC9942324 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of interventions based on mindfulness and compassion has been demonstrated in both clinical and general population, and in different social contexts. These interventions include so-called attentional and constructive meditation practices, respectively. However, there is a third group, known as deconstructive meditation practices, which has not been scientifically studied. Deconstructive practices aim to undo maladaptive cognitive patterns and generate knowledge about internal models of oneself, others and the world. Although there are theoretical and philosophical studies on the origin of addiction to the self or on the mechanisms of action associated with the deconstruction of the self, there are no randomized controlled trials evaluating these techniques in either a healthy population or clinical samples. This study aims to evaluate the effect of three deconstructive techniques by comparing them to mindfulness in the general population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted with about 240 participants allocated to four groups: (a) mindful breathing, (b) prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition; (c) the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition; and (d) the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition. The primary outcome will be the qualities of the non-dual experience and spiritual awakening, measured by the Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory, assessed at pre- and post-treatment and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Other outcomes will be mindfulness, happiness, compassion, affectivity and altered state of consciousness. Quantitative data will be compared using mixed-effects linear regression models, and qualitative data will be analysed through thematic analysis and using the constant comparative method from grounded theory. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Aragon, Spain. The results will be submitted to peer-reviewed specialized journals, and brief reports will be sent to participants on request. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05317754. Registered on August 2,2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Campayo
- grid.488737.70000000463436020Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Saragossa, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Rinchen Hijar-Aguinaga
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Saragossa, Spain. .,Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain. .,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- grid.488737.70000000463436020Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Saragossa, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain ,Arrabal Primary Care Health Center, Aragon Health Service, Saragossa, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- grid.488737.70000000463436020Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Saragossa, Spain ,Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler-Ribaudi
- grid.413396.a0000 0004 1768 8905Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX UK ,Teaching, Reseach and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Madrid, 28029 Spain
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Portele C, Jansen P. The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Training in an Elementary School in Germany. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:830-840. [PMID: 36778650 PMCID: PMC9902837 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-023-02084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The primary goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the Mindfulness Education Workbook, a 6-week mindfulness-based tool, on emotion regulation, inhibition, physical self-concept, resources, and connectedness to nature. Furthermore, we explored whether a difference in number of hours of mindfulness practice would affect the outcomes. Method Ninety-one children from a public elementary school (M age = 9.74 years, SD = 0.76) participated in the study and were divided into three groups according to their respective school classes. The intervention group was divided into two groups that varied by number of hours of mindfulness practice: (a) mindfulness-plus and (b) mindfulness. In addition to biweekly training, the mindfulness-plus group also repeated a daily exercise. The passive control group received the standard school day instruction. The five concepts of emotion regulation, inhibition, physical self-concept, resources, and connectedness to nature were measured before and after the mindfulness intervention. Results For the measurement of emotion regulation, there was a significant effect in favor of the two mindfulness groups compared with the control group for the adaptive strategies in total as well as for their comprising emotions, anger, fear, and sadness, separately. Solely for the subscale mood elevation, the mindfulness-plus group showed significantly higher scores compared to the control group. Both mindfulness-plus and mindfulness groups varied from the control group on the measure of emotion regulation strategies, however not on the other four domains that were assessed (self-reports of resources, physical self-concept, and connectedness to nature as well as a mental task assessing inhibition). There was no evidence that the additional practice in the mindfulness-plus group significantly added to the intervention's effectiveness. Conclusions The Mindfulness Education Workbook is a promising tool for elementary schools. Follow-up studies may provide further insights into the various effects of offering mindfulness training in schools. Further research with objective markers may also allow individual aspects under the umbrella term mindfulness to be investigated in more detail. Preregistration This study was not preregistered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-023-02084-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Portele
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Faculty of Human Science, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Jansen
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Faculty of Human Science, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Cavanna AE, Purpura G, Riva A, Nacinovich R, Seri S. The Western origins of mindfulness therapy in ancient Rome. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1861-1869. [PMID: 36729187 PMCID: PMC10175387 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stoic philosophy has multiple parallels with cognitive behavioural therapy interventions. In their ancient texts, the Roman Stoics present a set of theoretical principles and behavioural strategies that are directly relevant to the clinical care of patients with a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Mindfulness is a key component of the 'third wave' of modern psychotherapy that closely resembles the ancient Stoic practice of attention or 'concentration on the present moment'. Stoic mindfulness draws attention to one of the main principles driving both Stoicism and modern psychotherapy: the assumption that cognitive activity (reasoning) mediates emotions and behaviours. This principle can be traced back to Epictetus' Enchiridion, where he recognises that 'men are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of things'. It has been shown that cognitive behavioural therapies and mindfulness-based interventions directed at patients with neuropsychiatric disorders were originally developed as Stoic-inspired treatment interventions. Both Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck (the founders of rational emotive behaviour therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy, respectively) explicitly acknowledged the role of Stoicism as the philosophical precursor of their treatment approaches. The effective implementation of evidence-based guidelines would benefit from an increased awareness of the influence of the Stoic tradition of philosophical therapy on the treatment approaches currently in use in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cavanna
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology and University College London, London, UK. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. .,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Centre for Mental Health, 25 Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2FG, UK.
| | - Giulia Purpura
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Seri
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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41
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Rice LC, Deronda AC, Kiran S, Seidl K, Brown K, Rosch KS, James M, Mostofsky SH. Mindful Movement Intervention Applied to at Risk Urban School Children for Improving Motor, Cognitive, and Emotional-Behavioral Regulation. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:637-647. [PMID: 36744072 PMCID: PMC9887233 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Preliminary evidence has supported the notion that mindful movement-based practices may offer benefits for self-regulation, particularly for vulnerable children. However, this evidence has principally stemmed from subjective assessments of behavioral change, leaving the underlying mechanisms undetermined. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an in-school mindful movement intervention (MMI) for at-risk children within an urban public school for enhancing motor, cognitive, and emotional-behavioral regulation, including control of disruptive and inattentive behaviors characteristic of ADHD. Method Participants included 38 (age 7-8 years) children who received twice weekly, in-school MMI, including a modified Tai Chi sequence, yoga and biomechanical warm-ups, imaginative play, and reflection. Parent and teacher ratings of disruptive behaviors, and objective measures of motor and cognitive control, were collected at baseline and after 5 months of MMI. Results Significant improvements in teacher ratings of inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, oppositional, and other disruptive behaviors were observed. Significant improvements were also observed for objective measures of both cognitive control and motor control with particular reductions in both right and left dysrhythmia. Conclusions MMI was associated with improvements across objective and subjective assessments of motor, cognitive, and behavioral control. This proof-of-principle investigation provides preliminary support for the efficacy and feasibility of a novel MMI implemented as part of the school day in an urban school setting with 7-8-year-old children to augment development of at-risk youth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-02063-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Rice
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alyssa C Deronda
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sylee Kiran
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kate Seidl
- City Neighbors Charter School, Baltimore, MD 21206 USA
| | - Kerianne Brown
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Keri S Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Martha James
- School of Education and Urban Studies, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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42
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Iruegas Herrera MF, González Ramírez MT. Terapia integrativa para la reducción del estrés infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19. PSICUMEX 2023. [DOI: 10.36793/psicumex.v13i1.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
El presente estudio propone analizar la eficacia de la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo conductual y el centrado en soluciones para reducir el estrés infantil ocasionado por el COVID-19. La modalidad empleada fue mediante un taller en línea, el cual consistió en 5 sesiones semanales, en dónde se aplicaron las estrategias de reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, solución de problemas, adiestramiento en autoinstrucciones, mindfulness, pregunta escala y excepciones. Se contó con la asistencia de siete personas (cinco niñas y dos niños) de entre 9 y 12 años, quienes mediante la evaluación del inventario de estrés cotidiano infantil demostraron una disminución en el estrés percibido; y, en el Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, un aumento en habilidades de relajación y atención plena. La prueba no paramétrica de rangos Wilcoxon indicó cambios significativos y con el tamaño de efecto encontrado se puede concluir que el taller en línea, diseñado con técnicas cognitivo conductuales y centrada en soluciones, es una buena opción para tratar temas de estrés en la población infantil.
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43
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Beck MS, Juul L, Frydenberg M, Fjorback LO. On Top of Everything: a study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial testing a teacher training programme to teach mindfulness among students in Danish upper secondary schools and schools of health and social care. Trials 2023; 24:17. [PMID: 36609335 PMCID: PMC9824979 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is decreasing among young people in Denmark. Our primary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher training programme to teach mindfulness as part of regular classroom teaching in Danish upper secondary schools and schools of health and social care on students' self-reported mental well-being 6 months from baseline. Secondary aims are (1) to evaluate the effectiveness in a vulnerable subgroup as well as in the total population of students 3 and 6 months from baseline using other outcome measures on mental health and (2) to investigate the facilitators and barriers among teachers to implement mindfulness in schools. METHODS This pragmatic cluster-randomised two-arm superiority trial includes 30 upper secondary schools, 13 schools of health and social care, 76 teachers, and approximately 1100 students aged 16 to 24 years. Our intervention is multi-level and consists of (a) a teacher training programme and (b) a mindfulness programme delivered to students. Students in control schools receive education as usual. Our primary study population is the total population of students. The primary outcome is changes in the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS). We also evaluate the effectiveness in a vulnerable subgroup (the 15% with the lowest SWEMWBS score), as well as in the total population of students 3 and 6 months from baseline using other outcome measures on mental health. Data will be analysed using repeated measurement models taking clusters into account. Facilitators and barriers among teachers to implement mindfulness in schools will be investigated through qualitative focus group interviews. DISCUSSION The trial will estimate the effectiveness of a population-based strategy on mental health in Danish young people enrolled in education. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04610333 . Registered on October 10 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sand Beck
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Mindfulness, Aarhus University, Hack Kampmanns Plads 1-3, 4Th Floor, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lise Juul
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Mindfulness, Aarhus University, Hack Kampmanns Plads 1-3, 4Th Floor, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Overby Fjorback
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Mindfulness, Aarhus University, Hack Kampmanns Plads 1-3, 4Th Floor, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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44
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Carro N, Ibar C, D'Adamo P, Gonzalez D, Berg G, Fabre B, Lozada M. Hair cortisol reduction and social integration enhancement after a mindfulness-based intervention in children. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:73-79. [PMID: 35312189 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, chronic stress at an early age has become a worrying health problem in children. We seek to evaluate an intervention involving mindfulness-based practices and prosocial activities in 7- to 8-year-old children. METHODS Stress levels were determined using hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and social integration was measured by means of a sociogram. The program had previously proven to be effective in decreasing salivary cortisol levels and in favouring social integration in children. A total of 35 children participated in the study: 18 constituted the intervention group and 17 the wait-list group. In both groups, HCC and social integration were evaluated before and after the intervention conducted throughout an entire school year. RESULTS The experimental group showed a significant reduction in HCC, as well as significant enhancement of social integration levels, whereas no changes were observed in the wait-list group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first research to show that HCC, a reliable neuroendocrine indicator, decreased as a result of a mindfulness-based program. This successful outcome adds new evidence to previous findings regarding the reduction of chronic stress in children following participation in this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carro
- INIBIOMA-CONICET, National University of Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carolina Ibar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola D'Adamo
- CyC IPEHCS-CONICET, National University of Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Diego Gonzalez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry Department, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Fabre
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lozada
- INIBIOMA-CONICET, National University of Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
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45
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Palacios AM, Bender SL, Berry DJ. Characteristics of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Schools: a Systematic Review in School Psychology Journals. CONTEMPORARY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 27:182-197. [PMID: 36274976 PMCID: PMC9575630 DOI: 10.1007/s40688-022-00432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been evaluated in terms of efficacy; however, little is known about implementation factors of MBIs in schools. The purpose of the current study was to systematically review MBI studies published in school psychology journals. This systematic review examined peer-reviewed MBI literature in nine school psychology journals from 2006 to 2020 to examine prevalence of MBI intervention studies, specific techniques taught in MBIs, if and how fidelity of MBI implementation was evaluated, and how mindfulness skills were measured for youth participating in MBIs. A total of 46 articles (out of 4415) were related to mindfulness and 23 articles (0.52%) focused on the implementation of MBIs in schools. Nine different mindfulness techniques were implemented as part of MBIs in studies with some of the most common including awareness, breathing, and meditation. This study also found scarce evidence of implementation fidelity, and limited use of mindfulness measures within MBI studies. Future research and limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacy L. Bender
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA
| | - Danielle J. Berry
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA
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46
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Leung JT, Piera Pi‐Sunyer B, Ahmed SP, Foulkes L, Griffin C, Sakhardande A, Bennett M, Dunning DL, Griffiths K, Parker J, Kuyken W, Williams JMG, Dalgleish T, Blakemore S. Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence following mindfulness training. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023; 32:e2386. [PMID: 37035539 PMCID: PMC10078582 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness training programmes have shown to encourage prosocial behaviours and reduce antisocial tendencies in adolescents. However, less is known about whether training affects susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. The current study investigated the effect of mindfulness training (compared with an active control) on self-reported prosocial and antisocial tendencies and susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. 465 adolescents aged 11-16 years were randomly allocated to one of two training programmes. Pre- and post-training, participants completed a social influence task. Self-reported likelihood of engaging in prosocial and antisocial behaviours did not change post-training, and regardless of training group, participants showed a higher propensity for prosocial influence than for antisocial influence. Finally, participants were less influenced by antisocial ratings following both training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita T. Leung
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Saz P. Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Cait Griffin
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ashok Sakhardande
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marc Bennett
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Darren L. Dunning
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Kirsty Griffiths
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jenna Parker
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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47
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Zelazo PD, Carlson SM. Reconciling the Context-Dependency and Domain-Generality of Executive Function Skills from a Developmental Systems Perspective. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2022.2156515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Garbers S, Umar NQ, Hand RE, Usseglio J, Gold MA, Bruzzese JM. Mind-Body Integrative Health (MBIH) Interventions for Sleep among Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Implementation, Participation and Outcomes. ADOLESCENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2022; 7:565-589. [PMID: 36619475 PMCID: PMC9815202 DOI: 10.1007/s40894-021-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents get insufficient sleep, adversely affecting health. Mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents have been shown to reduce stress, a barrier to good sleep. This scoping review aimed to synthesize mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents, how interventions were implemented, who was reached. A systematic search of four online databases was conducted. Randomized, quasi-experimental, and single-group designs with participants ages 10-24 years were included. Twelve studies covering 10 interventions using mindfulness, qigong, aromatherapy, or yoga were identified. Participants were predominantly female; only one study reported participants' race or ethnicity (81% non-Hispanic white). Most (n=6) interventions were delivered in groups, and half reported significant improvements in subjective sleep quality. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were the most commonly used modalities, with reported impact on sleep outcomes measured objectively. The two interventions that found statistically significant, moderate improvements in objectively-measured sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were of higher intensity and used mindfulness. Four interventions were self-directed; participants in these struggled with adherence; significant impacts on sleep were not found. While findings were mixed, stemming in part from the quality of the underlying studies, this review identified several promising features of interventions, including using mindfulness, ensuring sufficient intervention dose, and targeting interventions towards adolescents with poor sleep at baseline (rather than a general population of adolescents). The findings suggests that sleep interventions for adolescents may improve psychological well-being as an intermediate effect, as sleep improvements were observed mostly among participants with poor sleep quality or anxiety symptoms at baseline. This review identified several gaps in the literature. Despite documented racial and ethnic disparities in sleep quality among adolescents, published evidence of mind-body integrative health-based sleep interventions among Black and Latinx adolescents is lacking. None of the studies in this review assessed developmental stage or age differences, despite documented differences in sleep across age groups of adolescents. These two gaps in the evidence should be addressed in future intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Garbers
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nawal Q. Umar
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Rachel E. Hand
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melanie A. Gold
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, New York, NY
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, New York, NY
- New York-Presbyterian, School-Based Health Centers, New York, NY
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49
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Moyes E, Nutman G, Mirman JH. The Efficacy of Targeted Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Improving Mental Health and Cognition Among Youth and Adults with ACE Histories: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1165-1177. [PMID: 36439656 PMCID: PMC9684378 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are associated with increased psychological wellbeing. The literature suggests that individuals exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may benefit greatly from MBIs. However, research has tended to focus on universal MBIs for this population with less attention on the effectiveness of targeted approaches. Moreover, there is growing concern regarding the methodological rigor of MBI research. This systematic mixed studies review (SMRS) reports the effectiveness of MBIs for improving mental health and cognition among individuals with ACE histories. Additionally, the review reports the quality and rigor of the included research. Systematic searches of PsycInfo, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, ProQuest Social Science database and the Child Development and Adolescent Studies database were conducted. Results were screened and data were extracted then synthesized using a data-based convergent synthesis design. Thirteen studies were included in the final review. Six prominent themes emerged. Themes indicated that MBIs were effective for improving mental health and cognition for individuals with ACEs. For example, improvements in mood and anxieties, as well as a better ability to manage emotions. Shortcomings in the quality of MBI research included lack of reporting of methodological details (e.g., randomization procedures) and not systematically reporting adverse event evaluations. Recommendations are made for future research to strengthen the evidence base for MBIs for individuals with ACEs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-022-00454-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Moyes
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - George Nutman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jessica Hafetz Mirman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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50
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Treves IN, Li CE, Wang KL, Ozernov-Palchik O, Olson HA, Gabrieli JDE. Mindfulness supports emotional resilience in children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.11.18.22282510. [PMID: 36415463 PMCID: PMC9681054 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.18.22282510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect of mental health in children is emotional resilience, the capacity to adapt to, and recover from, stressors and emotional challenges. Variation in trait mindfulness, one’s disposition to attend to experiences with an open and nonjudgmental attitude, may be an important individual difference in children that supports emotional resilience. In this study, we investigated whether trait mindfulness was related to emotional resilience in response to stressful changes in education and home-life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We conducted a correlational study examining self-report data from July 2020 to February 2021, from 163 eight-to-ten-year-old children living in the US. Higher trait mindfulness scores correlated with less stress, anxiety, depression, and negative affect in children, and lower ratings of COVID-19 impact on their lives. Mindfulness moderated the relationship between COVID-19 child impact and negative affect. Children scoring high on mindfulness showed no correlation between rated COVID-19 impact and negative affect, whereas those who scored low on mindfulness showed a positive correlation between child COVID-19 impact and negative affect. Higher levels of trait mindfulness may have helped children to better cope with a wide range of COVID-19 stressors. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms by which trait mindfulness supports emotional resilience in children.
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