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Kim JT, Song K, Han SW, Youn DH, Jung H, Kim KS, Lee HJ, Hong JY, Cho YJ, Kang SM, Jeon JP. Modeling of the brain-lung axis using organoids in traumatic brain injury: an updated review. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:83. [PMID: 38909262 PMCID: PMC11193205 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated conditions of other organs, especially lungs as well as degree of brain injury. Even if there is no direct lung damage, severe brain injury can enhance sympathetic tones on blood vessels and vascular resistance, resulting in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Conversely, lung damage can worsen brain damage by dysregulating immunity. These findings suggest the importance of brain-lung axis interactions in TBI. However, little research has been conducted on the topic. An advanced disease model using stem cell technology may be an alternative for investigating the brain and lungs simultaneously but separately, as they can be potential candidates for improving the clinical outcomes of TBI.In this review, we describe the importance of brain-lung axis interactions in TBI by focusing on the concepts and reproducibility of brain and lung organoids in vitro. We also summarize recent research using pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids and their preclinical applications in various brain disease conditions and explore how they mimic the brain-lung axis. Reviewing the current status and discussing the limitations and potential perspectives in organoid research may offer a better understanding of pathophysiological interactions between the brain and lung after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tae Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Song
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Suh Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Castelli L, Vasta R, Allen SP, Waller R, Chiò A, Traynor BJ, Kirby J. From use of omics to systems biology: Identifying therapeutic targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:209-268. [PMID: 38802176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disorder with available treatments such as riluzole and edaravone extending survival by an average of 3-6 months. The lack of highly effective, widely available therapies reflects the complexity of ALS. Omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomic and proteomics have contributed to the identification of biological pathways dysregulated and targeted by therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical trials. Integrating clinical, environmental and neuroimaging information with omics data and applying a systems biology approach can further improve our understanding of the disease with the potential to stratify patients and provide more personalised medicine. This chapter will review the omics technologies that contribute to a systems biology approach and how these components have assisted in identifying therapeutic targets. Current strategies, including the use of genetic screening and biosampling in clinical trials, as well as the future application of additional technological advances, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Vasta
- ALS Expert Center,'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Scott P Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Waller
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Expert Center,'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neurology 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology,University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Lockerman LZ. Disclosure orthodontic and TMD - new study. Evid Based Dent 2024:10.1038/s41432-024-00991-y. [PMID: 38418641 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-00991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
DESIGN Cooperative analysis of participants and controls. DATA SOURCE Wiley Online Library, National Institute of Health, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION Human clinical trials age 18-30 years old, a case-control study included 291 individuals, 192 TMDs and 99 controls. All patients underwent assessment based on a questionnaire and a clinical examination according to Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Patients who underwent orthodontic treatment were compared to those who did not, regarding their trauma history, bruxism, aggressive teeth brushing, level of oral hygiene, pain scores, muscle tenderness scores and subjective sleep quality. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Medical and/or dental emergencies, subjects with a history of drug, alcohol or medication abuse, fibromyalgia, being pregnant or lactating, having a coexisting mental, psychiatric, or physical disability, cancerous or significant medical problems and the consumption of drugs and/or medications that affect the nervous system including narcotics, TCA (tricyclic antidepressants), anticonvulsant, muscle relaxants and medication overuse headache. DATA EXTRACTION SYNTHESIS To identify differences between groups, categorical independent variables were analysed using the chi-square test or likelihood ratio, while numeric independent variables were analysed using independent t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A two-tailed level of statistical significance (α) was established at 0.05. Analysis of multicollinearity was performed following the univariate analyses to examine the collinearity among the independent variables and select independent variables with minimal correlation. Among the highly correlated variables, only one was selected for inclusion in the multivariate model, with the specific variable chosen based on contextual considerations. RESULTS The research comprised a total of 291 individuals, consisting of two distinct groups: the TMD group (192 participants, 66%) and the control group (99 participants, 34%). Within the TMD group, further subcategorization was conducted, including MMP (masticatory muscle pain) with 44 individuals (15%); TMJD with 26 individuals (9%); and TMP (both MMP and TMJ) with 122 individuals (42%). CONCLUSIONS Using a "holistic" and a "collinearity statistical approach and the utilization of a multivariate model" the conclusion is that TMD is not associated with orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Z Lockerman
- Clinical Instructor Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine, Maxillofacial Imaging, Tel Aviv University School Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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McGuinness AJ, Loughman A, Foster JA, Jacka F. Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:319-328. [PMID: 37661007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has revolutionized the field of psychiatry. It is now well recognized that the gut bacteriome is associated with, and likely influences, the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. However, while substantial advances in the field of microbiome science have been made, we have likely only scratched the surface in our understanding of how these ecosystems might contribute to mental disorder pathophysiology. Beyond the gut bacteriome, research into lesser explored components of the gut microbiome, including the gut virome, mycobiome, archaeome, and parasitome, is increasingly suggesting relevance in psychiatry. The contribution of microbiomes beyond the gut, including the oral, lung, and small intestinal microbiomes, to human health and pathology should not be overlooked. Increasing both our awareness and understanding of these less traversed fields of research are critical to improving the therapeutic benefits of treatments targeting the gut microbiome, including fecal microbiome transplantation, postbiotics and biogenics, and dietary intervention. Interdisciplinary collaborations integrating systems biology approaches are required to fully elucidate how these different microbial components and distinct microbial niches interact with each other and their human hosts. Excitingly, we may be at the start of the next microbiome revolution and thus one step closer to informing the field of precision psychiatry to improve outcomes for those living with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J McGuinness
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Amy Loughman
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane A Foster
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Felice Jacka
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Garg K, Mohajeri MH. Potential effects of the most prescribed drugs on the microbiota-gut-brain-axis: A review. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110883. [PMID: 38244807 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The link between drug-induced dysbiosis and its influence on brain diseases through gut-residing bacteria and their metabolites, named the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), remains largely unexplored. This review investigates the effects of commonly prescribed drugs (metformin, statins, proton-pump-inhibitors, NSAIDs, and anti-depressants) on the gut microbiota, comparing the findings with altered bacterial populations in major brain diseases (depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's). The report aims to explore whether drugs can influence the development and progression of brain diseases via the MGBA. Central findings indicate that all explored drugs induce dysbiosis. These dysbiosis patterns were associated with brain disorders. The influence on brain diseases varied across different bacterial taxa, possibly mediated by direct effects or through bacterial metabolites. Each drug induced both positive and negative changes in the abundance of bacteria, indicating a counterbalancing effect. Moreover, the above-mentioned drugs exhibited similar effects, suggesting that they may counteract or enhance each other's effects on brain diseases when taken together by comorbid patients. In conclusion, the interplay of bacterial species and their abundances may have a greater impact on brain diseases than individual drugs or bacterial strains. Future research is needed to better understand drug-induced dysbiosis and the implications for brain disease pathogenesis, with the potential to develop more effective therapeutic options for patients with brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Garg
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Liu K, Guo Q, Ding Y, Luo L, Huang J, Zhang Q. Alterations in nasal microbiota of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:162-171. [PMID: 37482646 PMCID: PMC10798702 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Links between alterations in gut microbiota composition and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have previously been reported. This study aimed to examine the microbiota in the nasal cavity of ALS. METHODS Sixty-six ALS patients and 40 healthy caregivers who live in close proximity with patients were enrolled. High throughput metagenomic sequencing of the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) gene V3-V4 region of nasal microbiota was used to characterize the alpha and beta diversity and relative abundance of bacterial taxa, predict function, and conduct correlation analysis between specific taxa and clinical features. RESULTS The nasal microbiome of ALS patients showed lower alpha diversity than that of corresponding healthy family members. Genera Gaiella , Sphingomonas , Polaribacter _1, Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136_group, Klebsiella , and Alistipes were differentially enriched in ALS patients compared to controls. Nasal microbiota composition in ALS patients significantly differed from that in healthy subjects (unweighted UniFrac P = 0.001), while Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated healthy nasal communities at the phylum level, whereas Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum and Thermoleophilia was the predominant class in ALS patients. Genus Faecalibacterium and Alistipes were positively correlated with ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R; rs = 0.349, P = 0.020 and rs = 0.393, P = 0.008), while Prevotella -9 and Bacteroides operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were positively associated with lung function (FVC) in ALS patients ( rs = 0.304, P = 0.045, and rs = 0.300, P = 0.048, respectively). Prevotella -1 was positively correlated with white blood cell counts (WBC, rs = 0.347, P = 0.021), neutrophil percentage (Neu%, rs = 0.428, P = 0.004), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, rs = 0.411, P = 0.006), but negatively correlated with lymphocyte percentage (Lym%, rs = -0.408, P = 0.006). In contrast, Streptococcus was negatively associated with Neu% ( rs = -0.445, P = 0.003) and NLR ( rs = -0.436, P = 0.003), while positively associated with Lym% ( rs = 0.437, P = 0.003). No significant differences in nasal microbiota richness and evenness were detected among the severe and mild ALS patients. CONCLUSIONS ALS is accompanied by altered nasal microbial community composition and diversity. The findings presented here highlight the need to understand how dysbiosis of nasal microbiota may contribute to the development of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
| | - Qifu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
| | - Jianchai Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
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Ma Q, Yao C, Wu Y, Wang H, Fan Q, Yang Q, Xu J, Dai H, Zhang Y, Xu F, Lu T, Dowling JK, Wang C. Neurological disorders after severe pneumonia are associated with translocation of endogenous bacteria from the lung to the brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi0699. [PMID: 37851811 PMCID: PMC10584344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a common feature in patients who recover from severe acute pneumonia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the neurological syndromes after severe acute pneumonia are partly attributed to the translocation of endogenous bacteria from the lung to the brain during pneumonia. Using principal components analysis, similarities were found between the brain's flora species and those of the lungs, indicating that the bacteria detected in the brain may originate from the lungs. We also observed impairment of both the lung-blood and brain-blood barriers, allowing endogenous lung bacteria to invade the brain during pneumonia. An elevated microglia and astrocyte activation signature via bacterial infection-related pathways was observed, indicating a bacterial-induced disruption of brain homeostasis. Collectively, we identify endogenous lung bacteria that play a role in altering brain homeostasis, which provides insight into the mechanism of neurological syndromes after severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingle Ma
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disease, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jennifer K. Dowling
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medical and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Xiang G, Xu K, Jian Y, He L, Shen Z, Li M, Liu Q. Prolonged mask wearing changed nasal microbial characterization of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266941. [PMID: 37908346 PMCID: PMC10614009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Face masks have become a common sight during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in many countries. However, the impact of prolonged face mask wearing on nasal microbiota of healthy people is not fully understood. Methods In this study, we compared the nasal microbiota of 82 young adults who wore face masks for an extended period of time to 172 mask-free peers from the same school recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Diversity, composition, and function of nasal microbiota between the two groups were analyzed. Prevalence of commensal bacteria colonized in the nasal cavity was determined by culture-based analysis. Results We observed that prolonged face mask wearers had significantly different nasal microbial characterization and metabolic function compared to mask-free controls from 2018. Specifically, the nasal microbiota of the prolonged mask wearers displayed increased abundance of Staphylococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, Corynebacterium, etc. Meanwhile, the abundance of several genera including Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Agathobacter was decreased. Moreover, we observed that COVID-19 infection history did not affect the composition of nasal microbiota significantly. Additionally, the culture-based analysis revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium accolens increased, and Staphylococcus epidermidis decreased in the nasal cavity of prolonged mask wearers. Conclusions Overall, our study suggests that prolonged face mask wearing can significantly alter the nasal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiu Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hashimoto K. Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3625-3637. [PMID: 37845499 PMCID: PMC10730413 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on the potential association between the microbiota and various neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota resides in various parts of the body, such as the oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, and vagina. The gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance and its potential role in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the microbiota presents in other body tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial role in immune system and human homeostasis, thus influencing the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. For example, oral microbiota imbalance and associated periodontitis might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, studies using the postmortem brain samples have detected the widespread presence of oral bacteria in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article provides an overview of the emerging role of the host microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses future directions, such as underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers associated with the host microbiota, and microbiota-targeted interventions, for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Bakonyi P, Kolonics A, Aczel D, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Molnár K, László L, Kutasi B, Tanisawa K, Park J, Gu Y, Pinho RA, Radak Z. Voluntary exercise does not increase gastrointestinal motility but increases spatial memory, intestinal eNOS, Akt levels, and Bifidobacteria abundance in the microbiome. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1173636. [PMID: 37664431 PMCID: PMC10468588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1173636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut and brain is a great puzzle since it is mediated by very complex mechanisms. Therefore, the possible interactions of the brain-exercise-intestine-microbiome axis were investigated in a control (C, N = 6) and voluntarily exercised (VE, N = 8) middle-aged rats. The endurance capacity was assessed by VO2max on the treadmill, spatial memory by the Morris maze test, gastrointestinal motility by EMG, the microbiome by 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing, caveolae by electron microscopy, and biochemical assays were used to measure protein levels and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Eight weeks of voluntary running increased VO2max, and spatial memory was assessed by the Morris maze test but did not significantly change the motility of the gastrointestinal tract or production of ROS in the intestine. The protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels significantly increased in the intestine, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NFR1), SIRT1, SIRT3, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) did not change. On the other hand, voluntary exercise increased the number of caveolae in the smooth muscles of the intestine and relative abundance of Bifidobacteria in the microbiome, which correlated with the Akt levels in the intestine. Voluntary exercise has systemic effects and the relationship between intestinal Akt and the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract could be an important adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bakonyi
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Aczel
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos László
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Kutasi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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11
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Graham AS, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ, Torre P, Senekal M, Laughton B, van der Kouwe A, Jankiewicz M, Kaba M, Holmes MJ. A review of the auditory-gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1183694. [PMID: 37600010 PMCID: PMC10435389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1183694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss places a substantial burden on medical resources across the world and impacts quality of life for those affected. Further, it can occur peripherally and/or centrally. With many possible causes of hearing loss, there is scope for investigating the underlying mechanisms involved. Various signaling pathways connecting gut microbes and the brain (the gut-brain axis) have been identified and well established in a variety of diseases and disorders. However, the role of these pathways in providing links to other parts of the body has not been explored in much depth. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore potential underlying mechanisms that connect the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. Using select keywords in PubMed, and additional hand-searching in google scholar, relevant studies were identified. In this review we summarize the key players in the auditory-gut-brain axis under four subheadings: anatomical, extracellular, immune and dietary. Firstly, we identify important anatomical structures in the auditory-gut-brain axis, particularly highlighting a direct connection provided by the vagus nerve. Leading on from this we discuss several extracellular signaling pathways which might connect the ear, gut and brain. A link is established between inflammatory responses in the ear and gut microbiome-altering interventions, highlighting a contribution of the immune system. Finally, we discuss the contribution of diet to the auditory-gut-brain axis. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose numerous possible key players connecting the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. In the future, a more thorough investigation of these key players in animal models and human research may provide insight and assist in developing effective interventions for treating hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Graham
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Torre
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Family Clinical Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha J. Holmes
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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12
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Almarhoumi R, Alvarez C, Harris T, Tognoni CM, Paster BJ, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A, Kantarci A. Microglial cell response to experimental periodontal disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:142. [PMID: 37316834 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microglial activation is critical for modulating the neuroinflammatory process and the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are involved in forming barriers around extracellular neuritic plaques and the phagocytosis of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that periodontal disease (PD) as a source of infection alters inflammatory activation and Aβ phagocytosis by the microglial cells. METHODS Experimental PD was induced using ligatures in C57BL/6 mice for 1, 10, 20, and 30 days to assess the progression of PD. Animals without ligatures were used as controls. Maxillary bone loss and local periodontal tissue inflammation associated with the development of PD were confirmed by morphometric bone analysis and cytokine expression, respectively. The frequency and the total number of activated microglia (CD45+ CD11b+ MHCII+) in the brain were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mouse microglial cells (1 × 105) were incubated with heat-inactivated bacterial biofilm isolated from the ligatures retrieved from the teeth or with Klebsiella variicola, a relevant PD-associated bacteria in mice. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors (TLR), and receptors for phagocytosis was measured by quantitative PCR. The phagocytic capacity of microglia to uptake β-amyloid was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Ligature placement caused progressive periodontal disease and bone resorption that was already significant on day 1 post-ligation (p < 0.05) and continued to increase until day 30 (p < 0.0001). The severity of periodontal disease increased the frequency of activated microglia in the brains on day 30 by 36%. In parallel, heat-inactivated PD-associated total bacteria and Klebsiella variicola increased the expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR2, and TLR9 in microglial cells (1.6-, 83-, 3.2-, 1.5-, 1.5-fold, respectively p < 0.01). Incubation of microglia with Klebsiella variicola increased the Aβ-phagocytosis by 394% and the expression of the phagocytic receptor MSR1 by 33-fold compared to the non-activated cells (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We showed that inducing PD in mice results in microglia activation in vivo and that PD-associated bacteria directly promote a pro-inflammatory and phagocytic phenotype in microglia. These results support a direct role of PD-associated pathogens in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Almarhoumi
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Theodore Harris
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christina M Tognoni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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13
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Weber C, Dilthey A, Finzer P. The role of microbiome-host interactions in the development of Alzheimer´s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151021. [PMID: 37333848 PMCID: PMC10272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is often assumed that AD is caused by an aggregation of extracellular beta-amyloid and intracellular tau-protein, supported by a recent study showing reduced brain amyloid levels and reduced cognitive decline under treatment with a beta-amyloid-binding antibody. Confirmation of the importance of amyloid as a therapeutic target notwithstanding, the underlying causes of beta-amyloid aggregation in the human brain, however, remain to be elucidated. Multiple lines of evidence point towards an important role of infectious agents and/or inflammatory conditions in the etiology of AD. Various microorganisms have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of AD-patients and have thus been hypothesized to be linked to the development of AD, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Spirochaetes. Intriguingly, these microorganisms are also found in the oral cavity under normal physiological conditions, which is often affected by multiple pathologies like caries or tooth loss in AD patients. Oral cavity pathologies are mostly accompanied by a compositional shift in the community of oral microbiota, mainly affecting commensal microorganisms and referred to as 'dysbiosis'. Oral dysbiosis seems to be at least partly mediated by key pathogens such as PG, and it is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that promotes the destruction of connective tissue in the mouth, possibly enabling the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the oral cavity to the nervous system. It has therefore been hypothesized that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to the development of AD. In this review, we discuss the infectious hypothesis of AD in the light of the oral microbiome and microbiome-host interactions, which may contribute to or even cause the development of AD. We discuss technical challenges relating to the detection of microorganisms in relevant body fluids and approaches for avoiding false-positives, and introduce the antibacterial protein lactoferrin as a potential link between the dysbiotic microbiome and the host inflammatory reaction.
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14
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Functional Two-Way Crosstalk Between Brain and Lung: The Brain-Lung Axis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:991-1003. [PMID: 35678887 PMCID: PMC9178545 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The brain has many connections with various organs. Recent advances have demonstrated the existence of a bidirectional central nervous system (CNS) and intestinal tract, that is, the brain-gut axis. Although studies have suggested that the brain and lung can communicate with each other through many pathways, whether there is a brain-lung axis remains still unknown. Based on previous findings, we put forward a hypothesis: there is a cross-talk between the central nervous system and the lung via neuroanatomical pathway, endocrine pathway, immune pathway, metabolites and microorganism pathway, gas pathway, that is, the brain-lung axis. Beyond the regulation of the physiological state in the body, bi-directional communication between the lung and the brain is associated with a variety of disease states, including lung diseases and CNS diseases. Exploring the brain-lung axis not only helps us to understand the development of the disease from different aspects, but also provides an important target for treatment strategies.
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15
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Nadvornik C, Kallab M, Hommer N, Schlatter A, Stengel T, Garhöfer G, Zeitlinger M, Eberl S, Klymiuk I, Trajanoski S, Nehr M, Makristathis A, Schmidl D, Nussbaumer-Proell A. Effect of Antibiotic Eye Drops on the Nasal Microbiome in Healthy Subjects—A Pilot Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030517. [PMID: 36978384 PMCID: PMC10044076 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic eye drops are frequently used in clinical practice. Due to the anatomical connection via the nasolacrimal duct, it seems possible that they have an influence on the nasal/pharyngeal microbiome. This was investigated by using two different commonly used antibiotic eye drops. Methods: 20 subjects were randomized to four groups of five subjects receiving eye drops containing gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, or, as controls, unpreserved povidone or benzalkonium chloride-preserved povidone. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were performed before and after the instillation period. Swabs were analyzed by Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 16S rRNA analysis. Bacterial culture was performed on solid media, and bacterial isolates were identified to the species level by MALDI-TOF MS. Species-dependent antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using single isolates and pools of isolates. Results: Bacterial richness in the nose increased numerically from 163 ± 30 to 243 ± 100 OTUs (gentamicin) and from 114 ± 17 to 144 ± 45 OTUs (ciprofloxacin). Phylogenetic diversity index (pd) of different bacterial strains in the nasal microbiome increased from 12.4 ± 1.0 to 16.9 ± 5.6 pd (gentamicin) and from 10.2 ± 1.4 to 11.8 ± 3.1 pd (ciprofloxacin). Unpreserved povidone eye drops resulted in minimal changes in bacterial counts. Preservative-containing povidone eye drops resulted in no change. A minor increase (1–2-fold) in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed in single streptococcal isolates. Conclusions: Antibiotic eye drops could affect the nasal microbiome. After an instillation period of seven days, an increase in the diversity and richness of bacterial strains in the nasal microbiome was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Nadvornik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Kallab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Hommer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schlatter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Stengel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Eberl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marion Nehr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Nussbaumer-Proell
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)1-40400-29810
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16
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Ashraf H, Cossu D, Ruberto S, Noli M, Jasemi S, Simula ER, Sechi LA. Latent Potential of Multifunctional Selenium Nanoparticles in Neurological Diseases and Altered Gut Microbiota. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:699. [PMID: 36676436 PMCID: PMC9862321 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases remain a major concern due to the high world mortality rate and the absence of appropriate therapies to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the major focus is on the development of such strategies that not only enhance the efficacy of drugs but also increase their permeability in the BBB. Currently, nano-scale materials seem to be an appropriate approach to treating neurological diseases based on their drug-loading capacity, reduced toxicity, targeted delivery, and enhanced therapeutic effect. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient and has been of remarkable interest owing to its essential role in the physiological activity of the nervous system, i.e., signal transmission, memory, coordination, and locomotor activity. A deficiency of Se leads to various neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, owing to the neuroprotective role of Se (selenium) nanoparticles (SeNPs) are of particular interest to treat neurological diseases. To date, many studies investigate the role of altered microbiota with neurological diseases; thus, the current review focused not only on the recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology, considering SeNPs to cure neurological diseases, but also on investigating the potential role of SeNPs in altered microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruberto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Rita Simula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Complex Structure of Microbiology and Virology, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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17
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Ballesteros-Álvarez J, Nguyen W, Sivapatham R, Rane A, Andersen JK. Urolithin A reduces amyloid-beta load and improves cognitive deficits uncorrelated with plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 45:1095-1113. [PMID: 36576642 PMCID: PMC9886708 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of urolithin A (UA), a metabolite generated from ellagic acid via its metabolism by gut bacteria, as an autophagy activator with potential neuroprotective activity. WT and 3xTg-AD mice were administered long-term intermittent dietary supplementation with UA. UA was found to prevent deficits in spatial memory, cued fear response, and exploratory behavior in this model. It also decreased the Aβ plaque burden in areas of the hippocampus where these protein deposits are prominent in the model. Interestingly, correlation analyses demonstrate that Aβ plaque burden positively correlates with enhanced spatial memory in 3xTg-AD mice on a control diet but not in those supplemented with UA. In contrast, Aβ42 abundance in cortical and hippocampal homogenates negatively correlate with spatial memory in UA-fed mice. Our data suggest that plaque formation may be a protective mechanism against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline and that targeting the generation of proteotoxic Aβ species might be a more successful approach in halting disease progression. UA was also found to extend lifespan in normal aging mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that UA is able to induce autophagy and to increase Aβ clearance in neuronal cell lines. In summary, our studies reveal UA, likely via its actions as a autophagy inducer, is capable of removing Aβ from neurons and its dietary administration prevents the onset of cognitive deficits associated with pathological Aβ deposition in the 3xTg-AD mouse model as well as extending lifespan in normal aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wynnie Nguyen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | | | - Anand Rane
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
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18
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Wong YS, Osborne NJ. Biodiversity Effects on Human Mental Health via Microbiota Alterations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11882. [PMID: 36231182 PMCID: PMC9565733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biodiversity hypothesis postulates that the natural environment positively affects human physical and mental health. We evaluate the latest evidence and propose new tools to examine the halobiont environment. We chose to target our review at neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, autism, dementia, multiple sclerosis, etc. because a green prescription (exposure to green spaces) was shown to benefit patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Specifically, our review consists of three mini reviews on the associations exploring: (1) ecological biodiversity and human microbiota; (2) human microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders; (3) ecological biodiversity and neuropsychiatric disorders. We conclude that the environment could directly transfer microbes to humans and that human studies support the gut microbiota as part of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Overall, the results from the three mini reviews consistently support the biodiversity hypothesis. These findings demonstrated the plausibility of biodiversity exerting mental health effects through biophysiological mechanisms instead of psychological mechanisms alone. The idea can be further tested with novel biodiversity measurements and research on the effects of a green prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Sang Wong
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Nicholas John Osborne
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, UK
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19
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Mou T, Jing W, Chen J, Hao W, Gu S, Cui M, Sun Y, Wei B. Schisandrin alleviates the cognitive impairment in rats with Alzheimer’s disease by altering the gut microbiota composition to modulate the levels of endogenous metabolites in the plasma, brain, and feces. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888726. [PMID: 36176456 PMCID: PMC9514097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin is one of the main active compounds isolated from the fruit of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus, which is scientifically proven to have beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment at the cellular and whole organism level. However, the oral availability of schisandrin is very low, thus implying that the underlying mechanism of therapeutic effect on AD treatment is yet to be clarified fully. Therefore, we speculated that the therapeutic effect of schisandrin on AD is mainly by regulating the imbalance of the gut microbiota (GM). In this study, behavioral experiments and H&E staining were used to confirm the pharmacological effects of schisandrin on rats with AD. 16S rDNA gene sequencing and feces, plasma, and brain metabolomics techniques were utilized to investigate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of schisandrin on cognitive impairment in rats with AD. The results indicated that schisandrin improved cognitive impairment and hippocampal cell loss in rats. The UPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics studies of the feces, plasma, and brain revealed that 44, 96, and 40 potential biomarkers, respectively, were involved in the treatment mechanism of schisandrin. Schisandrin improved the metabolic imbalance in rats with AD, and the metabolic changes mainly affected the primary bile acid biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Schisandrin can improve the GM structure disorder and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut of rats with AD. The predictive metagenomics analysis indicated that the altered GM was mainly involved in lipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between affected bacteria and metabolites in various metabolic pathways. Overall, the data underline that schisandrin improves the cognitive impairment in rats with AD by affecting the composition of the GM community, thus suggesting the potential therapeutic effect of schisandrin on the brain–gut axis in rats with AD at the metabolic level.
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20
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Jia J. Exploration on neurobiological mechanisms of the central–peripheral–central closed-loop rehabilitation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:982881. [PMID: 36119128 PMCID: PMC9479450 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.982881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central and peripheral interventions for brain injury rehabilitation have been widely employed. However, as patients’ requirements and expectations for stroke rehabilitation have gradually increased, the limitations of simple central intervention or peripheral intervention in the rehabilitation application of stroke patients’ function have gradually emerged. Studies have suggested that central intervention promotes the activation of functional brain regions and improves neural plasticity, whereas peripheral intervention enhances the positive feedback and input of sensory and motor control modes to the central nervous system, thereby promoting the remodeling of brain function. Based on the model of a central–peripheral–central (CPC) closed loop, the integration of center and peripheral interventions was effectively completed to form “closed-loop” information feedback, which could be applied to specific brain areas or function-related brain regions of patients. Notably, the closed loop can also be extended to central and peripheral immune systems as well as central and peripheral organs such as the brain–gut axis and lung–brain axis. In this review article, the model of CPC closed-loop rehabilitation and the potential neuroimmunological mechanisms of a closed-loop approach will be discussed. Further, we highlight critical questions about the neuroimmunological aspects of the closed-loop technique that merit future research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Fujian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Jia,
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21
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Nasal Microbiota, Olfactory Health, Neurological Disorders and Aging—A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071405. [PMID: 35889124 PMCID: PMC9320618 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal region is one of the distinct environments for the survival of various microbiota. The human microbial niche begins to inhabit the human body right from birth, and the microbiota survive as commensals or opportunistic pathogens throughout the life of humans in their bodies in various habitats. These microbial communities help to maintain a healthy microenvironment by preventing the attack of pathogens and being involved in immune regulation. Any dysbiosis of microbiota residing in the mucosal surfaces, such as the nasal passages, guts, and genital regions, causes immune modulation and severe infections. The coexistence of microorganisms in the mucosal layers of respiratory passage, resulting in infections due to their co-abundance and interactions, and the background molecular mechanisms responsible for such interactions, need to be considered for investigation. Additional clinical evaluations can explain the interactions among the nasal microbiota, nasal dysbiosis and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The respiratory airways usually act as a substratum place for the microbes and can act as the base for respiratory tract infections. The microbial metabolites and the microbes can cross the blood–brain barrier and may cause NDs, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The scientific investigations on the potential role of the nasal microbiota in olfactory functions and the relationship between their dysfunction and neurological diseases are limited. Recently, the consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with neurological diseases are under exploration. The crosstalk between the gut and the nasal microbiota is highly influential, because their mucosal regions are the prominent microbial niche and are connected to the olfaction, immune regulation, and homeostasis of the central nervous system. Diet is one of the major factors, which strongly influences the mucosal membranes of the airways, gut, and lung. Unhealthy diet practices cause dysbiosis in gut microbiota and the mucosal barrier. The current review summarizes the interrelationship between the nasal microbiota dysbiosis, resulting olfactory dysfunctions, and the progression of NDs during aging and the involvement of coronavirus disease 2019 in provoking the NDs.
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22
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Oral and gut dysbiosis leads to functional alterations in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:87. [PMID: 35798742 PMCID: PMC9262988 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have identified a distinct gut microbial composition in Parkinson's disease (PD), few studies have investigated the oral microbiome or functional alteration of the microbiome in PD. We aimed to investigate the connection between the oral and gut microbiome and the functional changes in the PD-specific gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The taxonomic composition of the oral and gut microbiome was significantly different between PD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Oral Lactobacillus was more abundant in PD patients and was associated with opportunistic pathogens in the gut (FDR-adjusted P < 0.038). Functional analysis revealed that microbial gene markers for glutamate and arginine biosynthesis were downregulated, while antimicrobial resistance gene markers were upregulated in PD patients than healthy controls (all P < 0.001). We identified a connection between the oral and gut microbiota in PD, which might lead to functional alteration of the microbiome in PD.
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Liu X, Vigorito M, Huang W, Khan MAS, Chang SL. The Impact of Alcohol-Induced Dysbiosis on Diseases and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:131-151. [PMID: 34843074 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract contains a diverse and abundant microbiota that is important for health. Excessive alcohol use can disrupt the balance of these microbes (known as dysbiosis), leading to elevated blood endotoxin levels and systemic inflammation. Using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics tool, we have confirmed that peripheral endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) mediates various cytokines to enhance the neuroinflammation signaling pathway. The literature has identified alcohol-mediated neuroinflammation as a possible risk factor for the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and psychiatric disorders such as addiction to alcohol and other drugs. In this review, we discuss alcohol-use-induced dysbiosis in the gut and other body parts as a causal factor in the progression of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative disease and possibly alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Liu
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Michael Vigorito
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
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24
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Adebayo OG, Asiwe JN, Ben-Azu B, Aduema W, Onyeleonu I, Akpotu AE, Wopara I, Kolawole TA, Umoren EB, Igbokwe V, Buduburisi BR, Onwuka FC, Brown PI. Ginkgo biloba protects striatal neurodegeneration and gut phagoinflammatory damage in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease: Role of executioner caspase-3/Nrf2/ARE signaling. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14253. [PMID: 35608987 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic and early clinical stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked with comorbid non-motor symptoms including dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Notwithstanding, neuroprotective and gastroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba supplements (GBS) have been investigated independently. Hence, whether GBS-mediated GIT-protective capacity could be helpful in PD via gut-brain anti-inflammatory signaling still remains unknown. Treatment with GBS significantly repressed the motor behavioral and neuromuscular deficits and prevented loss of striatal dopaminergic loss by improving the level of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme and suppressing synucleinopathy development. Striatal neurons and ileal epithelial injury following intraperitoneal rotenone administration were accompanied with oxidoinflammatory/nitroinflammatory stress and marked inhibition of cholinergic transmission. Moreover, there was increased striatal executioner caspase-3 and decreased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) immunoexpression, loss of striatal pyramidal neuron with a marked decrease in length and width of the dendritic spines as well as significant hyperplasia of cryptal cells in the ileal epithelial tissues, all which were reversed by the pretreatment + concurrent (Pre-CONC) and concurrent (CONC) GBS treatment pattern. In sum, we proved the potential dual effects of GBS in preventing both dopaminergic neural-related impairments and gut wall abnormalities linked with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jerome N Asiwe
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Onyeleonu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ajirioghene E Akpotu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Iheanyichukwu Wopara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Tolunigba A Kolawole
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth B Umoren
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Igbokwe
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Buduchim R Buduburisi
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Favour C Onwuka
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Providence I Brown
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
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25
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Aczel D, Gyorgy B, Bakonyi P, BukhAri R, Pinho R, Boldogh I, Yaodong G, Radak Z. The Systemic Effects of Exercise on the Systemic Effects of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051028. [PMID: 35624892 PMCID: PMC9137920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, including an increased oxidative state, deposition of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein. The formation of amyloid plaques is considered one of the first signs of the illness, but only in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, results indicate that AD is not just localized in the brain but is also found in organs distant from the brain, such as the cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, liver, testes, and kidney. These observations make AD a complex systemic disorder. Still, no effective medications have been found, but regular physical activity has been considered to have a positive impact on this challenging disease. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on AD development in the CNS, its peripheral effects have not been discussed in detail. The provocative question arising is the following: is it possible that the beneficial effects of regular exercise on AD are due to the systemic impact of training, rather than just the effects of exercise on the brain? If so, does this mean that the level of fitness of these peripheral organs can directly or indirectly influence the incidence or progress of AD? Therefore, the present paper aims to summarize the systemic effects of both regular exercise and AD and point out how common exercise-induced adaptation via peripheral organs can decrease the incidence of AD or attenuate the progress of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Aczel
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernadett Gyorgy
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Peter Bakonyi
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - RehAn BukhAri
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Gu Yaodong
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-3565764; Fax: +36-1-3566337
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26
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Bonnechère B, Amin N, van Duijn C. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuropsychiatric Diseases – Creation of An Atlas-Based on Quantified Evidence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:831666. [PMID: 35360098 PMCID: PMC8964285 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the significant role of gut microbiota in various pathologies. We performed a systematic review to review the different microbiota involved in neuropsychiatric diseases. 50 studies (23 studies for autism spectrum disorders, 18 for major depression, and 9 for schizophrenia), representing 2,137 patients and 2,844 controls. Concerning the microbiota, the genera Prevotella, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Megamonas, and Faecalbacterium were the ones detected with the most frequent variation of their relatives abundance. We also assess the overlap between the different pathologies. This study provides new insights into the complex relationship between the brain and the gut and the implications in neuropsychiatric pathologies. The identification of unique signatures in neuropsychiatric diseases suggests new possibilities in targeted anti or probiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Najaf Amin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Cornelia van Duijn,
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27
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Xie J, Tian S, Liu J, Cao R, Yue P, Cai X, Shang Q, Yang M, Han L, Zhang DK. Dual role of the nasal microbiota in neurological diseases—An unignorable risk factor or a potential therapy carrier. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Schütte K, Schulz C, Vilchez-Vargas R, Vasapolli R, Palm F, Simon B, Schomburg D, Lux A, Geffers R, Pieper DH, Link A, Malfertheiner P. Impact of healthy aging on active bacterial assemblages throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1966261. [PMID: 34455919 PMCID: PMC8409759 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1966261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaption of gut microbiota (GM) throughout human life is a key factor in maintaining health. Interventions to restore a healthy GM composition may have the potential to improve health and disease outcomes in the elderly. We performed a comprehensive characterization of changes in the luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota composition in elderly compared with younger healthy individuals. Samples from saliva and feces, and biopsies from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (UGIT, LGIT), were collected from 59 asymptomatic individuals grouped by age: 40-55, 56-70, and 71-85 years). All underwent anthropometric, geriatric, and nutritional assessment. RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA; the V1-V2 regions of 16S ribosomal RNA genes were amplified and sequenced. Abundances of the taxa in all taxonomic ranks in each sample type were used to construct sample-similarity matrices by the Bray-Curtis algorithm. Significant differences between defined groups were assessed by analysis of similarity. The bacterial community showed strong interindividual variations and a clear distinction between samples from UGIT, LGIT, and feces. While in saliva some taxa were affected by aging, this number was considerably greater in UGIT and was subsequently higher in LGIT. Unexpectedly, aging scarcely influenced the bacterial community of feces over the age range of 40-85 years. The development of interventions to preserve and restore human health with increased age by establishing a healthy gut microbiome should not rely solely on data from fecal analysis, as the intestinal mucosa is affected by more significant changes, which differ from those observed in fecal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schütte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital Osnabrück, Bischofsstr. 1, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Vasapolli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederike Palm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital Osnabrück, Bischofsstr. 1, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Dirk Schomburg
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Lux
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- GMAK Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H. Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP) Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital, Munich, Germany,CONTACT Peter Malfertheiner Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, 39120Magdeburg, Germany
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29
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Li Z, Lu G, Luo E, Wu B, Li Z, Guo J, Xia Z, Zheng C, Su Q, Zeng Y, Yee Chan W, Su X, Qiu X, Zheng X, Cai Q, Xu Y, Chen Y, Fan Y, Chen W, Yu Z, Chen X, Zheng C, Wang M, Sang Poon W, Luo X. Oral, Nasal, and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2021; 480:65-78. [PMID: 34695538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between microbiota composition in important mucosal interfaces (oral, nasal, and intestinal) and PD. Sequencing was undertaken of the V4-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the microbiome from the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and gut of 91 PD patients and 91 healthy controls. Significant differences were found in microbiota composition in the oral cavity and gut, but not the nasal cavity, between PD patients and healthy controls after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). More genera in the oral cavity were significantly positively correlated with clinical characteristics, such as the HAMA and HAMD rating scales. The taxa c_Clostridia, o_Clostridiales, and f_Ruminococcaceae in the gut microbiota were associated with weight and MMSE score. Furthermore, as a result of dysbiosis, there was an enrichment of ion channel-, oxidative phosphorylation-, and carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways in the oral cavity and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis- and propanoate metabolism-related pathways in the intestine. Changes in these pathways can influence metabolism and inflammation, thereby contributing to PD pathogenesis. In addition, several subnetworks containing differentially abundant microbiota in the oral cavity and gut samples from PD patients may regulate microbial composition and function in PD. Overall, our results indicate that oral and gut dysbiosis may affect PD progression and provide a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of PD and identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Genetic Testing Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enli Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Genetic Testing Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China; Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Chunye Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Qiaozhen Su
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianwei Su
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinmin Qiu
- Genetic Testing Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xirun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Qiaodi Cai
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yanjuan Xu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zecheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Chunying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510370, China.
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30
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Peace O, Rachakonda K, Kress M, Villalta F, Rachakonda G. Respiratory and Neurological Disease across Different Ethnic Groups Is Influenced by the Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1965. [PMID: 34576860 PMCID: PMC8468464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic upper respiratory illnesses such as asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR) have been linked to the presence of microorganisms in the nose. Microorganisms can exist in symbiotic or commensal relationships with the human body. However, in certain cases, opportunistic pathogens can take over, leading to altered states (dysbiosis) and causing disease. Thus, the microflora present in a host can be useful to reflect health status. The human body contains 10 trillion to 100 trillion microorganisms. Of these populations, certain pathogens have been identified to promote or undermine wellbeing. Therefore, knowledge of the microbiome is potentially helpful as a diagnostic tool for many diseases. Variations have been recognized in the types of microbes that inhabit various populations based on geography, diet, and lifestyle choices and various microbiota have been shown to modulate immune responses in allergic disease. Interestingly, the diseases affected by these changes are prevalent in certain racial or ethnic populations. These prevalent microbiome variations in these groups suggest that the presence of these microorganisms may be significantly associated with health disparities. We review current research in the search for correlations between ethnic diversity, microbiome communities in the nasal cavity and health outcomes in neurological and respiratory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odiase Peace
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Kartik Rachakonda
- School of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Miller Kress
- División of Molecular Diagnosticas, Phase2Labs, Nashville, TN 37217, USA;
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Girish Rachakonda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.P.); (F.V.)
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31
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Abstract
The appreciation of human microbiome is gaining strong grounds in biomedical research. In addition to gut-brain axis, is the lung-brain axis, which is hypothesised to link pulmonary microbes to neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural changes. There is a need for analysis based on emerging studies to map out the prospects for lung-brain axis. In this review, relevant English literature and researches in the field of 'lung-brain axis' is reported. We recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated with an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units, while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data. The overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. Aetiological paths and experimental recommendations as per prospective studies in this review will be an important guideline to develop effective treatments for any lung induced neurodegenerative diseases. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could help treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. The timely prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases requires paradigm shift of the aetiology and more innovative experimentation.Impact statementThe overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could confer treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. Based on this review, we recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated and be given an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units; while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Lucette Simbilyabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John Jabang
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Saleem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
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Characteristics of the bacterial microbiota in the upper respiratory tract of children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1081-1089. [PMID: 34304297 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The respiratory tract microbiota are deemed as the gatekeeper to health. Consequently, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to the development of diseases. To identify the exact origins of the localized pathogenic bacteria, we investigated bacterial composition in the upper airway tract. METHODS Separate mucosal swabs were collected from nostril or oropharynx of each participant. Meanwhile, the lymphoid tissues including adenoids and tonsils were collected during operation. DNAs were exacted from all the samples for the following 16S rRNA analysis. RESULTS At the phylum level, the basic bacterial structures in the adenoids, tonsils, oropharynx, and nostrils were generally similar: five main phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria form the majority of the microbiota. However, across these four sites, the microbiota composition differed. More specifically, the bacterial composition in the nostrils was unique. There, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, while Bacteroides and Fusobacteria were the least abundant. At the genus level, Staphylococcus, Dolosigranulum, Corynebacterium, and Moraxella were the most plentiful, while Fusobacteria was the least ample. Across all sites, Streptococcus displayed similar abundances. Fusobacteria exhibited higher abundances in the lymphoid tissues and oropharynx. Haemophilus and Neisseria were more plentiful in the tonsils and oropharynx. Notably, Klebsiella, which is normally localized to the gut, was abundant in the adenoids and tonsils. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that promising pathogenic bacteria originate from all sites in the upper airway. The upper tract lymphoid tissues, normally considered as immune organs, may also serve as reservoirs for pathogenic bacteria.
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Lee KA, Luong MK, Shaw H, Nathan P, Bataille V, Spector TD. The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1197-1209. [PMID: 34262150 PMCID: PMC8548300 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support the effects of the GM on the development of some malignancies but also on responses to cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating the GM including dietary modification, probiotics and faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) are in development. Current understandings of the many complex interrelationships between the GM, cancer, the immune system, nutrition and medication are ultimately based on a combination of short‐term clinical trials and observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding of cancer biology. The next generation of personalised cancer therapies focusses on molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution and immune status; it is distinctly possible that the GM will become an increasingly central focus amongst them. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of microbiome science and our current understanding of the role the GM plays in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK. .,Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden, London, UK.
| | - M K Luong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK.,Early Phase Trial Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - V Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - T D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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34
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Auffret M, Meuric V, Boyer E, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Vérin M. Oral Health Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: More than Meets the Eye. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1507-1535. [PMID: 34250950 PMCID: PMC8609694 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite clinical evidence of poor oral health and hygiene in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, the mouth is often overlooked by both patients and the medical community, who generally focus on motor or psychiatric disorders considered more burdensome. Yet, oral health is in a two-way relationship with overall health—a weakened status triggering a decline in the quality of life. Here, we aim at giving a comprehensive overview of oral health disorders in PD, while identifying their etiologies and consequences. The physical (abnormal posture, muscle tone, tremor, and dyskinesia), behavioral (cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders), and iatrogenic patterns associated with PD have an overall detrimental effect on patients’ oral health, putting them at risk for other disorders (infections, aspiration, pain, malnutrition), reducing their quality of life and increasing their isolation (anxiety, depression, communication issues). Interdisciplinary cooperation for prevention, management and follow-up strategies need to be implemented at an early stage to maintain and improve patients’ overall comfort and condition. Recommendations for practice, including (non-)pharmacological management strategies are discussed, with an emphasis on the neurologists’ role. Of interest, the oral cavity may become a valuable tool for diagnosis and prognosis in the near future (biomarkers). This overlooked but critical issue requires further attention and interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auffret
- Behavior & Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Meuric
- INSERM, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Emile Boyer
- INSERM, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- INSERM, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Vérin
- Behavior & Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Rennes, France.,Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
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Dionizio A, Uyghurturk DA, Melo CGS, Sabino-Arias IT, Araujo TT, Ventura TMS, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, Den Besten P, Buzalaf MAR. Intestinal changes associated with fluoride exposure in rats: Integrative morphological, proteomic and microbiome analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129607. [PMID: 33508686 PMCID: PMC8076095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are the first signs of toxicity due to exposure to fluoride (F). This suggests the possibility that lower levels of subchronic F exposure may affect the gut. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the morphology, proteome and microbiome of the ileum of rats, after subchronic exposure to F. Male rats ingested water with 0, 10, or 50 mgF/L for thirty days. Treatment with F, regardless of the dose, significantly decreased the density of HuC/D-IR neurons, whereas CGRP-IR and SP-IR varicosities were significantly increased compared to the control group. Increased VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased only in the group treated with 50 mgF/L. A significant increase in thickness of the tunica muscularis, as well as in the total thickness of the ileum wall was observed at both F doses when compared to controls. In proteomics analysis, myosin isoforms were increased, and Gastrotopin was decreased in F-exposed mice. In the microbiome metagenomics analysis, Class Clostridia was significantly reduced upon exposure to 10 mgF/L. At the higher F dose of 50 mg/L, genus Ureaplasma was significantly reduced in comparison with controls. Morphological and proteomics alterations induced by F were marked by changes associated with inflammation, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Further studies are needed to determine whether F exposure increases inflammation with secondary effects of the gut microbiome, and/or whether primary effects of F on the gut microbiome enhance changes associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Kamer AR, Pushalkar S, Gulivindala D, Butler T, Li Y, Annam KRC, Glodzik L, Ballman KV, Corby PM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Saxena D, de Leon MJ. Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12172. [PMID: 33869725 PMCID: PMC8040436 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory bacterial dysbiosis that is associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome. METHODS A total of 48 elderly cognitively normal subjects were evaluated for differences in subgingival periodontal bacteria (assayed by 16S rRNA sequencing) between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker groups of amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology. A dysbiotic index (DI) was defined at the genus level as the abundance ratio of known periodontal bacteria to healthy bacteria. Analysis of variance/analysis of covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA), linear discriminant effect-size analyses (LEfSe) were used to determine the bacterial genera and species differences between the CSF biomarker groups. RESULTS At genera and species levels, higher subgingival periodontal dysbiosis was associated with reduced CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42 (P = 0.02 and 0.01) but not with P-tau. DISCUSSION We show a selective relationship between periodontal disease bacterial dysbiosis and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis, but not for tau. Further modeling is needed to establish the direct link between oral bacteria and Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Deepthi Gulivindala
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Tracy Butler
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Karla V. Ballman
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Population Health SciencesWeill Medical CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUSA
| | - Patricia M. Corby
- Department of Oral MedicineSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
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Li C, Hou Y, Wang X, Li YX, Li F, Zhang C, Li WG. Impact of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Hyposmia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Is Influenced by Constipation and Dysbiosis of Microbiota. Front Neurol 2021; 12:653833. [PMID: 33889128 PMCID: PMC8056012 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.653833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-motor symptoms in PD usually arise at very early stage and vary during the whole disease progression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as a highly efficient treatment option for PD's motor function. However, the effect of DBS on NMS, especially hyposmia, has not been fully understood and the deep connection between different NMS such as hyposmia and constipation is still unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DBS on hyposmia in PD patients with or without constipation and find potential factors which might influence the efficacy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 65 PD patients accepted STN-DBS operation in Qilu Hospital during 2019-2020 were conducted to evaluate the exact therapeutic effect of DBS on hyposmia in PD. Sub-group analyses about the relationship between hyposmia and constipation were carried out. Analysis of flora in nasal mucosa was also conducted to evaluate the abundance and variety in different PD groups. Results: Our study showed that DBS had clearly improved olfactory function in Parkinson patients (P = 0.012) and subgroup analysis found that PD patients with constipation have lower olfactory function scores (25.27 ± 3.44 vs. 33.90 ± 6.633, p = 0.014) and worse improvement after DBS operation (ΔTDI 12.11 ± 3.2 vs. 8.78 ± 2.91, p = 0.0072). Analysis of flora indicated the obvious discrepancy on olfactory function scores and degree of improvement might be related to the abundance and dysbiosis of microbiota. Conclusion: In summary, this article presents a study on PD with hyposmia and constipation after DBS operation, explored the relationship between different NMS and offer a potential explanation on why PD patients with constipation usually have worse olfactory function for the less abundance and variety of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Xuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Scientists have invested considerable resources in the study of the microbiota of the human body. These microorganisms play pivotal roles in immunity and disease. Of which, probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that keep your intestinal or lung microbiota healthy, and occupy a special role in combating the infections. Thus, it is critical to understand their contributions to these processes. Technology can facilitate advanced studies of the microbiota, including how it develops and its positive and negatives effects on the immune system. This paper investigates how several factors (e.g. birth delivery mode, metabolic activities, types of microorganisms, and immune system interactions) affect the microbiota, particularly in early life. The paper also discusses how gastrointestinal microbes in particular may be associated with certain disease processes, such as those related to schizophrenia, autism, and diabetes. Clinical studies show that certain probiotic strains, like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis help to prevent infection of pathogenic organisms (both bacterial and viral). This research may yield crucial contributions to disease prevention and public health. The dysbiosis may result in changes in the acquired immunity later on. The probiotic strains can prevent viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 infection by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. There has been much interest into the intestinal flora as proposed by the diversity, volume, and proposed role in disease. Future research in the field of microbiome should be done in order to uncover their association to gut virome by noting both their influence on each other and relevant health and disease.
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Mishima Y, Osaki T, Shimada A, Kamiya S, Hasegawa-Ishii S. Sex-dependent differences in the gut microbiota following chronic nasal inflammation in adult mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4640. [PMID: 33633180 PMCID: PMC7907122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Our previous studies indicated that chronic nasal inflammation caused loss of olfactory sensory neurons and gross atrophy of the olfactory bulb, which may lead to olfactory dysfunction. Simultaneously, increasing numbers of reports have elucidated the importance of gut microbiota to maintain brain function and that dysbiosis may be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we examined whether chronic nasal inflammation perturbed gut microbiota and whether there were sex differences in this pattern. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice repeatedly received bilateral nasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times/week to cause chronic nasal inflammation or saline as a control. At 9 weeks, cecal feces were used for 16S metagenomic analysis and whole blood and fresh tissue of spleen were used for ELISA analyses. Microbiome analysis demonstrated a remarkable change of the gut microbiota in male mice with chronic nasal inflammation which was different from that in female mice. In both mice, systemic inflammation did not occur. This has shown for the first time that chronic nasal inflammation correlates with sex-dependent changes in the gut microbiota. The detailed mechanism and potential alteration to brain functions await further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mishima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
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Boddy SL, Giovannelli I, Sassani M, Cooper-Knock J, Snyder MP, Segal E, Elinav E, Barker LA, Shaw PJ, McDermott CJ. The gut microbiome: a key player in the complexity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). BMC Med 2021; 19:13. [PMID: 33468103 PMCID: PMC7816375 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much progress has been made in mapping genetic abnormalities linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the majority of cases still present with no known underlying cause. Furthermore, even in families with a shared genetic abnormality there is significant phenotypic variability, suggesting that non-genetic elements may modify pathogenesis. Identification of such disease-modifiers is important as they might represent new therapeutic targets. A growing body of research has begun to shed light on the role played by the gut microbiome in health and disease with a number of studies linking abnormalities to ALS. MAIN BODY The microbiome refers to the genes belonging to the myriad different microorganisms that live within and upon us, collectively known as the microbiota. Most of these microbes are found in the intestines, where they play important roles in digestion and the generation of key metabolites including neurotransmitters. The gut microbiota is an important aspect of the environment in which our bodies operate and inter-individual differences may be key to explaining the different disease outcomes seen in ALS. Work has begun to investigate animal models of the disease, and the gut microbiomes of people living with ALS, revealing changes in the microbial communities of these groups. The current body of knowledge will be summarised in this review. Advances in microbiome sequencing methods will be highlighted, as their improved resolution now enables researchers to further explore differences at a functional level. Proposed mechanisms connecting the gut microbiome to neurodegeneration will also be considered, including direct effects via metabolites released into the host circulation and indirect effects on bioavailability of nutrients and even medications. CONCLUSION Profiling of the gut microbiome has the potential to add an environmental component to rapidly advancing studies of ALS genetics and move research a step further towards personalised medicine for this disease. Moreover, should compelling evidence of upstream neurotoxicity or neuroprotection initiated by gut microbiota emerge, modification of the microbiome will represent a potential new avenue for disease modifying therapies. For an intractable condition with few current therapeutic options, further research into the ALS microbiome is of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Boddy
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ilaria Giovannelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matilde Sassani
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Division of Cancer-Microbiome Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lynne A Barker
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kozhieva M, Naumova N, Alikina T, Boyko A, Vlassov V, Kabilov MR. The Core of Gut Life: Firmicutes Profile in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010055. [PMID: 33466726 PMCID: PMC7828771 DOI: 10.3390/life11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been increasing in Russia, but the information about the gut bacteriobiome in the MS-afflicted patients is scarce. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we aimed to analyze the Firmicutes phylum and its taxa in a cohort of Moscow patients with relapsing-remitting MS, assessing the effects of age, BMI, disease modifying therapy (DMT), disability (EDSS), and gender. Among 1252 identified bacterial OTUs, 857 represented Firmicutes. The phylum was the most abundant also in sequence reads, overall averaging 74 ± 13%. The general linear model (GLM) analysis implicated Firmicutes/Clostridia/Clostridiales/Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with BMI, and only Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with age. A marked DMT-related decrease in Firmicutes was observed in females at the phylum, class (Clostridia), and order (Clostridiales) levels. The results of our study implicate DMT and gender as factors shaping the fecal Firmicutes assemblages. Together with the gender-dependent differential MS incidence growth rate in the country, the results suggest the likely involvement of gender-specific pathoecological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of the disease, switching between its phenotypes and response to disease-modifying therapies. Overall, the presented profile of Firmicutes can be used as a reference for more detailed research aimed at elucidating the contribution of this core phylum and its lower taxa into the etiology and progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Kozhieva
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of the Pirogov Medical University, 117513 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Tatiana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology of the Federal Center of CVPI, 117513 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Marsel R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
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Monaco AP. An epigenetic, transgenerational model of increased mental health disorders in children, adolescents and young adults. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 29:387-395. [PMID: 32948849 PMCID: PMC7940651 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence rates of mental health disorders in children and adolescents have increased two to threefold from the 1990s to 2016. Some increase in prevalence may stem from changing environmental conditions in the current generation which interact with genes and inherited genetic variants. Current measured genetic variant effects do not explain fully the familial clustering and high heritability estimates in the population. Another model considers environmental conditions shifting in the previous generation, which altered brain circuits epigenetically and were transmitted to offspring via non-DNA-based mechanisms (intergenerational and transgenerational effects). Parental substance use, poor diet and obesity are environmental factors with known epigenetic intergenerational and transgenerational effects, that regulate set points in brain pathways integrating sensory-motor, reward and feeding behaviors. Using summary statistics for eleven neuropsychiatric and three metabolic disorders from 128,989 families, an epigenetic effect explains more of the estimated heritability when a portion of parental environmental effects are transmitted to offspring alongside additive genetic variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Monaco
- Office of the President, Ballou Hall, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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43
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Laabei M, Colineau L, Bettoni S, Maziarz K, Ermert D, Riesbeck K, Ram S, Blom AM. Antibacterial Fusion Proteins Enhance Moraxella catarrhalis Killing. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2122. [PMID: 32983170 PMCID: PMC7492680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific commensal of the respiratory tract and an opportunistic pathogen. It is one of the leading cause of otitis media in children and of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, resulting in significant morbidity and economic burden. Vaccines and new immunotherapeutic strategies to treat this emerging pathogen are needed. Complement is a key component of innate immunity that mediates the detection, response, and subsequent elimination of invading pathogens. Many pathogens including M. catarrhalis have evolved complement evasion mechanisms, which include the binding of human complement inhibitors such as C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and Factor H (FH). Inhibiting C4BP and FH acquisition by M. catarrhalis may provide a novel therapeutic avenue to treat infections. To achieve this, we created two chimeric proteins that combined the Moraxella-binding domains of C4BP and FH fused to human immunoglobulin Fcs: C4BP domains 1 and 2 and FH domains 6 and 7 fused to IgM and IgG Fc, respectively. As expected, FH6-7/IgG displaced FH from the bacterial surface while simultaneously activating complement via Fc-C1q interactions, together increasing pathogen elimination. C4BP1-2/IgM also increased serum killing of the bacteria through enhanced complement deposition, but did not displace C4BP from the surface of M. catarrhalis. These Fc fusion proteins could act as anti-infective immunotherapies. Many microbes bind the complement inhibitors C4BP and FH through the same domains as M. catarrhalis, therefore these Fc fusion proteins may be promising candidates as adjunctive therapy against many different drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisem Laabei
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Colineau
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karolina Maziarz
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Ermert
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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44
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Ragusa M, Santagati M, Mirabella F, Lauretta G, Cirnigliaro M, Brex D, Barbagallo C, Domini CN, Gulisano M, Barone R, Trovato L, Oliveri S, Mongelli G, Spitale A, Barbagallo D, Di Pietro C, Stefani S, Rizzo R, Purrello M. Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176203. [PMID: 32867322 PMCID: PMC7504581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that salivary molecules, as well as bacterial populations, can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including neuro-psychiatric diseases. This relationship between brain functionality and saliva composition could be exploited to unveil new pathological mechanisms of elusive diseases, such as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We performed a combined approach of miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology, followed by validation experiments in qPCR, and 16S rRNA microbiome analysis on saliva from 53 ASD and 27 neurologically unaffected control (NUC) children. MiR-29a-3p and miR-141-3p were upregulated, while miR-16-5p, let-7b-5p, and miR-451a were downregulated in ASD compared to NUCs. Microbiome analysis on the same subjects revealed that Rothia, Filifactor, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Ralstonia, Pasteurellaceae, and Aggregatibacter increased their abundance in ASD patients, while Tannerella, Moryella and TM7-3 decreased. Variations of both miRNAs and microbes were statistically associated to different neuropsychological scores related to anomalies in social interaction and communication. Among miRNA/bacteria associations, the most relevant was the negative correlation between salivary miR-141-3p expression and Tannerella abundance. MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects. Furthermore, a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Giovanni Lauretta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Duilia Brex
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Carla Noemi Domini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Rita Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Laura Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Oliveri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gino Mongelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Bio-nanotech Research and Innovation Tower (BRIT), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ambra Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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45
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Téglás T, Ábrahám D, Jókai M, Kondo S, Mohammadi R, Fehér J, Szabó D, Wilhelm M, Radák Z. Exercise combined with a probiotics treatment alters the microbiome, but moderately affects signalling pathways in the liver of male APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Biogerontology 2020; 21:807-815. [PMID: 32812166 PMCID: PMC7541368 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that physical exercise and probiotic supplementation delay the progress of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in male APP/PS1TG mice. However, it has also been suggested that both exercise and AD have systemic effects. We have studied the effects of exercise training and probiotic treatment on microbiome and biochemical signalling proteins in the liver. The results suggest that liver is under oxidative stress, since SOD2 levels of APP/PS1 mice were decreased when compared to a wild type of mice. Exercise training prevented this decrease. We did not find significant changes in COX4, SIRT3, PGC-1a or GLUT4 levels, while the changes in pAMPK/AMPK, pmTOR/mTOR, pS6/S6 and NRF2 levels were randomly modulated. The data suggest that exercise and probiotics-induced changes in microbiome do not strongly affect mitochondrial density or protein synthesis-related AMPK/mTOR/S6 pathways in the liver of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Téglás
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ábrahám
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Jókai
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Saki Kondo
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Rezieh Mohammadi
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - János Fehér
- Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, Pecs, 2020, Hungary.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary. .,Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, Pecs, 2020, Hungary. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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46
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Fülöp T, Munawara U, Larbi A, Desroches M, Rodrigues S, Catanzaro M, Guidolin A, Khalil A, Bernier F, Barron AE, Hirokawa K, Beauregard PB, Dumoulin D, Bellenger JP, Witkowski JM, Frost E. Targeting Infectious Agents as a Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:673-695. [PMID: 32458360 PMCID: PMC9020372 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia in the world. Its cause(s) are presently largely unknown. The most common explanation for AD, now, is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which states that the cause of AD is senile plaque formation by the amyloid β peptide, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by hyperphosphorylated tau. A second, burgeoning theory by which to explain AD is based on the infection hypothesis. Much experimental and epidemiological data support the involvement of infections in the development of dementia. According to this mechanism, the infection either directly or via microbial virulence factors precedes the formation of amyloid β plaques. The amyloid β peptide, possessing antimicrobial properties, may be beneficial at an early stage of AD, but becomes detrimental with the progression of the disease, concomitantly with alterations to the innate immune system at both the peripheral and central levels. Infection results in neuroinflammation, leading to, and sustained by, systemic inflammation, causing eventual neurodegeneration, and the senescence of the immune cells. The sources of AD-involved microbes are various body microbiome communities from the gut, mouth, nose, and skin. The infection hypothesis of AD opens a vista to new therapeutic approaches, either by treating the infection itself or modulating the immune system, its senescence, or the body's metabolism, either separately, in parallel, or in a multi-step way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamàs Fülöp
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Usma Munawara
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- BCAM, The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michele Catanzaro
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Guidolin
- BCAM, The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François Bernier
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo and Nito-memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Tokyo Med. Dent. University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pascale B Beauregard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Dumoulin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Eric Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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47
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Costa LG, Cole TB, Dao K, Chang YC, Coburn J, Garrick JM. Effects of air pollution on the nervous system and its possible role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107523. [PMID: 32165138 PMCID: PMC7245732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent extensive evidence indicates that air pollution, in addition to causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, may also negatively affect the brain and contribute to central nervous system diseases. Air pollution is comprised of ambient particulate matter (PM) of different sizes, gases, organic compounds, and metals. An important contributor to PM is represented by traffic-related air pollution, mostly ascribed to diesel exhaust (DE). Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that exposure to air pollution may be associated with multiple adverse effects on the central nervous system. In addition to a variety of behavioral abnormalities, the most prominent effects caused by air pollution are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, which are seen in both humans and animals, and are supported by in vitro studies. Among factors which can affect neurotoxic outcomes, age is considered most relevant. Human and animal studies suggest that air pollution may cause developmental neurotoxicity, and may contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. In addition, air pollution exposure has been associated with increased expression of markers of neurodegenerative disease pathologies, such as alpha-synuclein or beta-amyloid, and may thus contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept. of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
| | - Toby B Cole
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacki Coburn
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Garrick
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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48
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Oppo V, Melis M, Melis M, Tomassini Barbarossa I, Cossu G. "Smelling and Tasting" Parkinson's Disease: Using Senses to Improve the Knowledge of the Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:43. [PMID: 32161534 PMCID: PMC7052524 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Among non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's Disease (PD), peripheral, sensory symptoms are particularly relevant. Smell dysfunction starts very early and frequently precedes the PD motor symptoms by years (being often a cue to the diagnosis). Moreover, olfactory system could be, together with gut, one of those peripheral sites where PD pathology first develops. Unlike smell loss, the relationship between PD and taste impairment is far less established. It can start early in the course of the disease but more frequently appears in advanced stages, in parallel with the advent of MCI, likely reflecting cortical involvement. Among PD patients has been demonstrated an increase in the frequency of the non-tasters for PROP (prototypical gustatory stimulus, 6- n-propylthiouracil), a genetically determined bitter taste which is mediated by TAS2RS38 receptor, and a significant increase of the recessive non-testing variant of this receptor. TAS2R38 receptors are expressed also in other tissues, such as in the epithelia of the gut and nasal cavities, where they can influence epithelial immunity ad its interaction with microbiota. Those pieces of evidence suggest that not only systematic assessment of taste and smell can be of a remarkable help for clinicians in the early diagnosis, but also that understanding the mechanisms of sensory involvement in PD could increase the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oppo
- Department of Neuroscience, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Melis
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cossu
- Department of Neuroscience, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
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Kozhieva M, Naumova N, Alikina T, Boyko A, Vlassov V, Kabilov MR. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a Russian cohort: relationship with gut bacterial diversity. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:309. [PMID: 31888483 PMCID: PMC6937728 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota has been increasingly acknowledged to shape significantly human health, contributing to various autoimmune diseases, both intestinal and non-intestinal, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Gut microbiota studies in patients with relapsing remitting MS strongly suggested its possible role in immunoregulation; however, the profile and potential of gut microbiota involvement in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients has received much less attention due to the rarity of this disease form. We compared the composition and structure of faecal bacterial assemblage using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes amplicons in patients with primary progressive MS and in the healthy controls. Results Over all samples 12 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 21 classes, 25 orders, 54 families, 174 genera and 1256 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The Firmicutes phylum was found to be ultimately dominating both in OTUs richness (68% of the total bacterial OTU number) and in abundance (71% of the total number of sequence reads), followed by Bacteroidetes (12 and 16%, resp.) and Actinobacteria (7 and 6%, resp.). Summarily in all samples the number of dominant OTUs, i.e. OTUs with ≥1% relative abundance, was 13, representing much less taxonomic richness (three phyla, three classes, four orders, six families and twelve genera) as compared to the total list of identified OTUs and accounting for 30% of the sequence reads number in the healthy cohort and for 23% in the PPMS cohort. Human faecal bacterial diversity profiles were found to differ between PPMS and healthy cohorts at different taxonomic levels in minor or rare taxa. Marked PPMS-associated increase was found in the relative abundance of two dominant OTUs (Gemmiger sp. and an unclassified Ruminococcaceae). The MS-related differences were also found at the level of minor and rare OTUs (101 OTUs). These changes in OTUs’ abundance translated into increased bacterial assemblage diversity in patients. Conclusion The findings are important for constructing a more detailed global picture of the primary progressive MS-associated gut microbiota, contributing to better understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Kozhieva
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of the Pirogov Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, 117513, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of the Pirogov Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, 117513, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neuroimmunology of the Federal Center of CVPI, Ostrovitianova 1 str 10, 117513, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Marsel R Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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50
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Dominant Role of the Gut Microbiota in Chemotherapy Induced Neuropathic Pain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20324. [PMID: 31889131 PMCID: PMC6937259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a toxic side effect of some cancer treatments, negatively impacts patient outcomes and drastically reduces survivor’s quality of life (QOL). Uncovering the mechanisms driving chemotherapy-induced CIPN is urgently needed to facilitate the development of effective treatments, as currently there are none. Observing that C57BL/6 (B6) and 129SvEv (129) mice are respectively sensitive and resistant to Paclitaxel-induced pain, we investigated the involvement of the gut microbiota in this extreme phenotypic response. Reciprocal gut microbiota transfers between B6 and 129 mice as well as antibiotic depletion causally linked gut microbes to Paclitaxel-induced pain sensitivity and resistance. Microglia proliferated in the spinal cords of Paclitaxel treated mice harboring the pain-sensitive B6 microbiota but not the pain-resistant 129 microbiota, which exhibited a notable absence of infiltrating immune cells. Paclitaxel decreased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, which could compromise barrier integrity resulting in systemic exposure to bacterial metabolites and products – that acting via the gut-immune-brain axis – could result in altered brain function. Other bacterial taxa that consistently associated with both bacteria and pain as well as microglia and pain were identified, lending support to our hypothesis that microglia are causally involved in CIPN, and that gut bacteria are drivers of this phenotype.
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