1
|
Matallana-Puerto CA, Duarte MO, Aguilar Fachin D, Poloni Guilherme C, Oliveira PE, Cardoso JCF. First evidence of late-acting self-incompatibility in the Aristolochiaceae. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:612-620. [PMID: 38634401 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Most Aristolochiaceae species studied so far are from temperate regions, bearing self-compatible protogynous trap flowers. Although self-incompatibility has been suggested for tropical species, the causes of self-sterility in this family remain unknown. To fill this gap, we studied the pollination of the tropical Aristolochia esperanzae, including the physical and physiological anti-selfing mechanisms. Floral visitors trapped inside flowers were collected to determine the pollinators. Protogyny was characterized by observing the temporal expression of sexual phases and stigmatic receptivity tests. The breeding system was investigated using hand-pollination treatments. Pollen tube growth was observed using epifluorescence to identify the self-incompatibility mechanism. Flies were the most frequent visitors found inside A. esperanzae trap flowers, with individuals from the family Ulidiidae being potential pollinators since they carried pollen. The characteristic flower odour and presence of larvae indicate that A. esperanzae deceives flies through oviposition-site mimicry. Although this species showed incomplete protogyny, stigmatic receptivity decreased during the male phase, avoiding self-pollination. Fruits developed only after cross- and open pollination, indicating that the population is non-autonomous, non-apomictic, and self-sterile. This occurred through a delay in the growth of geitonogamous pollen tubes to the ovary and lower ovule penetration, indicating a late-acting self-incompatibility mechanism. Our findings expand the number of families in which late-acting self-incompatibility has been reported, demonstrating that it is more widespread than previously thought, especially when considering less-studied tropical species among the basal angiosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Matallana-Puerto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M O Duarte
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D Aguilar Fachin
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - C Poloni Guilherme
- Laboratório de Evolução e Morfologia de Diptera, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P E Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J C F Cardoso
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cohen DH, Fant JB, Skogen KA. Conservation genomics assessment of Tharp's bluestar ( Amsonia tharpii) with comparisons to widespread ( A. longilora) and narrowly endemic ( A. fugatei) congeners. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13736. [PMID: 38903246 PMCID: PMC11186748 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Land-use change and habitat fragmentation are threats to biodiversity. The decrease in available habitat, increase in isolation, and mating within populations can lead to elevated inbreeding, lower genetic diversity, and poor fitness. Here we investigate the genetics of two rare and threatened plant species, Amsonia tharpii and A. fugatei, and we compare them to a widespread congener A. longiflora. We also report the first phylogenetic study of the genus Amsonia (Apocynaceae), including 10 of the 17 taxa and multiple sampling locations, to understand species relationships. We used a double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) approach to investigate the genetic diversity and gene flow of each species and to create a maximum likelihood phylogeny. The ddRADseq data was mapped to a reference genome to separate out the chloroplast and nuclear markers for population genetic analysis. Our results show that genetic diversity and inbreeding were low across all three species. The chloroplast and nuclear dataset in A. tharpii were highly structured, whereas they showed no structure for A. fugatei, while A. longiflora lacked structure for nuclear data but not chloroplast. Phylogenetic results revealed that A. tharpii is distinct and sister to A. fugatei, and together they are distantly related to A. longiflora. Our results demonstrated that evolutionary history and contemporary ecological processes largely influences genetic diversity within Amsonia. Interestingly, we show that in A. tharpii there was significant structure despite being pollinated by large, bodied hawkmoths that are known to be able to carry pollen long distances, suggesting that other factors are contributing to the structure observed among A. tharpii populations. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting all of the A. tharpii populations, as they contain unique genetic diversity, and a protection plan for A. fugatei needs to be established due to its limited distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H. Cohen
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Jeremie B. Fant
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Krissa A. Skogen
- Department of Biological SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Larue C, Petit RJ. Harmful self-pollination drives gynodioecy in European chestnut, a self-incompatible tree. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16329. [PMID: 38708705 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Gynodioecy is a rare sexual system in which two genders (sensu Lloyd, 1980), cosexuals and females, coexist. To survive, female plants must compensate for their lack of siring capacity and male attractiveness. In European chestnut (Castanea sativa), an outcrossing tree, self-pollination reduces fruit set in cosexual individuals because of late-acting self-incompatibility and early inbreeding depression. Could this negative sexual interaction explain the presence of females in this species? METHODS We studied gender variation in wild populations of European chestnut. In addition, we compared fruit set (the proportion of flowers giving fruits) and other key female fitness components as well as reproductive allocation between genders. We then performed emasculation experiments in cosexual trees, by removing nectar-producing fertile male inflorescences. We also removed sterile but nectar-producing male inflorescences from female trees, as a control. RESULTS We found a highly variable proportion of male-sterile individuals in the wild in European chestnut. In the experimental plot, trees from each gender had similar size, flower density, and burr set, but different fruit set. Removing nectar-producing male inflorescences from branches or entire trees increased fruit set in cosexual but not in female trees. CONCLUSIONS These results show that self-pollination impairs fruit set in cosexual trees. Female trees avoid these problems as they do not produce pollen but continue to attract pollinators thanks to their rewarding male-sterile inflorescences, resulting in a much higher fruit set than in cosexuals. This demonstrates that even outcrossed plants can benefit from the cessation of self-pollination, to the point that unisexuality can evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Larue
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biogeco, Cestas, 33610, France
- INVENIO, Maison Jeannette, Douville, 24140, France
| | - Rémy J Petit
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biogeco, Cestas, 33610, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brandvain Y, Thomson L, Pyhäjärvi T. Early-acting inbreeding depression can evolve as an inbreeding avoidance mechanism. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232467. [PMID: 38444336 PMCID: PMC10921365 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential for mechanical, developmental and/or chemical mechanisms to prevent self-fertilization, incidental self-fertilization is inevitable in many predominantly outcrossing species. In such cases, inbreeding can compromise individual fitness. Unquestionably, much of this inbreeding depression is maladaptive. However, we show that when reproductive compensation allows for the replacement of inviable embryos lost early in development, selection can favour deleterious recessive variants that induce 'self-sacrificial' death of inbred embryos. Our theoretical results provide numerous testable predictions which could challenge the assumption that inbreeding depression is always maladaptive. Our work is applicable any species that cannot fully avoid inbreeding, exhibits substantial inbreeding depression, and has the potential to compensate embryos lost early in development. In addition to its general applicability, our theory suggests that self-sacrificial variants might be responsible for the remarkably low realized selfing rates of gymnosperms with high primary selfing rates, as gymnosperms exhibit strong inbreeding depression, have effective reproductive compensation mechanisms, and cannot evolve chemical self-incompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant amd Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lia Thomson
- Department of Plant amd Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang D, Li YY, Zhao X, Zhang C, Liu DK, Lan S, Yin W, Liu ZJ. Molecular insights into self-incompatibility systems: From evolution to breeding. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100719. [PMID: 37718509 PMCID: PMC10873884 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse self-incompatibility (SI) systems for outcrossing. Since Darwin's time, considerable progress has been made toward elucidating this unrivaled reproductive innovation. Recent advances in interdisciplinary studies and applications of biotechnology have given rise to major breakthroughs in understanding the molecular pathways that lead to SI, particularly the strikingly different SI mechanisms that operate in Solanaceae, Papaveraceae, Brassicaceae, and Primulaceae. These best-understood SI systems, together with discoveries in other "nonmodel" SI taxa such as Poaceae, suggest a complex evolutionary trajectory of SI, with multiple independent origins and frequent and irreversible losses. Extensive exploration of self-/nonself-discrimination signaling cascades has revealed a comprehensive catalog of male and female identity genes and modifier factors that control SI. These findings also enable the characterization, validation, and manipulation of SI-related factors for crop improvement, helping to address the challenges associated with development of inbred lines. Here, we review current knowledge about the evolution of SI systems, summarize key achievements in the molecular basis of pollen‒pistil interactions, discuss potential prospects for breeding of SI crops, and raise several unresolved questions that require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weilun Yin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Long C, Liu H, Pan L, Yang S, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Bei X. Comparative physiochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals the influences of cross-pollination on ovary and fruit development in pummelo (Citrus maxima). Sci Rep 2023; 13:19081. [PMID: 37925539 PMCID: PMC10625566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
'Shuijingmiyou' pummelo (SJ), one of the most popular fruits in Yunnan province of China, is of relatively low fruit shape (FS) quality. In this study, we compared the FS promoting effects of cross pollinations using pollens from seven pummelo varieties, and found that 'Guanximiyou' pummelo (GX) cross-pollination showed the best FS promoting effects on SJ fruits by shortening its fruit neck. To explore the underlying mechanism, physiochemical and transcriptomic differences between self- and cross-pollinated SJ ovaries (SJO and GXO) were investigated. Higher salicylic acid, gibberellin and indole acetic acid contents and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities, and lower polyphenol oxidase activity were determined in GXO compared with SJO. Enrichment analysis of the identified 578 differentially expressed genes (123 up-regulated and 455 down-regulated) in GXO showed that genes involved in solute transport, RNA biosynthesis, phytohormone action and cell wall organization were significantly enriched. The results obtained in this study will be helpful in understanding the influences of cross-pollination on pummelo ovary and fruit development, and can provide the basis for clarifying the underlying mechanism of cross-pollination improved fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Chunrui Long
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hongming Liu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Li Pan
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Shizao Yang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Xuejun Bei
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bala M, Rehana S, Singh MP. Self-incompatibility: a targeted, unexplored pre-fertilization barrier in flower crops of Asteraceae. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:587-612. [PMID: 37452973 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asteraceae (synonym as Compositae) is one of the largest angiosperm families among flowering plants comprising one-tenth of all agri-horticultural species grown across various habitats except in Antarctica. These are commercially utilized as cut and loose flowers as well as pot and bedding plants in landscape gardens due to their unique floral traits. Consequently, ineffective seed setting and presence of an intraspecific reproductive barrier known as self-incompatibility (SI) severely reduces the effectiveness of hybridization and self-fertilization by traditional crossing. There have been very few detailed studies of pollen-stigma interactions in this family. Moreover, about 63% of Aster species can barely self-fertilize due to self-incompatibility (SI). The chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) is one of the most economically important ornamental plants in the Asteraceae family which hugely shows incompatibility. Reasons for the low fertility and reproductive capacity of species are still indefinite or not clear. Hence, the temporal pattern of inheritance of self-incompatibility and its effect on reproductive biology needs to be investigated further to improve the breeding efficiency. This review highlights the self-incompatible (SI) system operating in important Astraceous (ornamental) crops which are adversely affected by this mechanism along with different physiological and molecular techniques involved in breaking down self-incompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India.
| | - Shaik Rehana
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee S, Enciso-Rodriguez FE, Behling W, Jayakody T, Panicucci K, Zarka D, Nadakuduti SS, Buell CR, Manrique-Carpintero NC, Douches DS. HT-B and S-RNase CRISPR-Cas9 double knockouts show enhanced self-fertility in diploid Solanum tuberosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1151347. [PMID: 37324668 PMCID: PMC10264808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1151347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) system in diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) poses a substantial barrier in diploid potato breeding by hindering the generation of inbred lines. One solution is gene editing to generate self-compatible diploid potatoes which will allow for the generation of elite inbred lines with fixed favorable alleles and heterotic potential. The S-RNase and HT genes have been shown previously to contribute to GSI in the Solanaceae family and self-compatible S. tuberosum lines have been generated by knocking out S-RNase gene with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. This study employed CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout HT-B either individually or in concert with S-RNase in the diploid self-incompatible S. tuberosum clone DRH-195. Using mature seed formation from self-pollinated fruit as the defining characteristic of self-compatibility, HT-B-only knockouts produced little or no seed. In contrast, double knockout lines of HT-B and S-RNase displayed levels of seed production that were up to three times higher than observed in the S-RNase-only knockout, indicating a synergistic effect between HT-B and S-RNase in self-compatibility in diploid potato. This contrasts with compatible cross-pollinations, where S-RNase and HT-B did not have a significant effect on seed set. Contradictory to the traditional GSI model, self-incompatible lines displayed pollen tube growth reaching the ovary, yet ovules failed to develop into seeds indicating a potential late-acting self-incompatibility in DRH-195. Germplasm generated from this study will serve as a valuable resource for diploid potato breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lee
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - William Behling
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Thilani Jayakody
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kaela Panicucci
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Zarka
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - C. Robin Buell
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero
- Alliance of Bioversity International and The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - David S. Douches
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li C, Lu M, Zhou J, Wang S, Long Y, Xu Y, Tan X. Transcriptome Analysis of the Late-Acting Self-Incompatibility Associated with RNase T2 Family in Camellia oleifera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1932. [PMID: 37653852 PMCID: PMC10223774 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The Camellia oil tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is an important nonwood forest species in China, and the majority of its cultivars are late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) types. Although several studies have examined the mechanism of LSI, the process is quite complicated and unclear. In this study, pollen tube growth and fruit setting of two Camellia oil tree cultivars Huashuo (HS) and Huajin (HJ) were investigated after non and self-pollination, and transcriptomic analysis of the ovaries was performed 48 h after self-pollination to identify the potential genes implicated in the LSI of Camellia oil trees. The results showed that the fruit set of HS was significantly higher than that of HJ after self-pollination. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and Ca2+ signaling were mainly contributed in the LSI of reaction of Camellia oil tree. Moreover, nine RNase T2 genes were identified from the transcriptome analysis, which also showed that CoRNase7 participated in the self-incompatibility reaction in HS. Based on phylogenetic analysis, CoRNase6 was closely related to S-RNase from coffee, and CoRNase7 and CoRNase8 were closely related to S-RNase from Camellia sinensis. The 9 RNase T2 genes successfully produced proteins in prokaryotes. Subcellular localization indicated that CoRNase1 and CoRNase5 were cytoplasmic proteins, while CoRNase7 was a plasma membrane protein. These results screened the main metabolic pathways closely related to LSI in Camellia oil tree, and SI signal transduction might be regulated by a large molecular regulatory network. The discovery of T2 RNases provided evidence that Camellia oil tree might be under RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Junqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center for Tropical Arid Nonwood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yi Long
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410004, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Larue C, Klein EK, Petit RJ. Sexual interference revealed by joint study of male and female pollination success in chestnut. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1211-1228. [PMID: 36484548 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most seed plants produce both pollen and ovules. In principle, pollen export could interfere with pollen import through self-pollination, resulting in ovule usurpation and reduced fruit set. Evidence for such interference exists under experimental settings but its importance under natural conditions is unknown. To test for sexual interference in nature, it is necessary to study together mating system, through paternity analyses, and fruit set, the proportion of flowers giving seeds or fruits. We developed a new model combining both processes, using chestnut (Castanea) as case study. We carried out a paternity analysis in an intensively studied plot of 273 trees belonging to three interfertile chestnut species and including a range of individuals with more or less functional stamens, resulting in a large data set of 1924 mating events. We then measured fruit set on 216 of these trees. Fruit set of male-fertile trees was much lower than that of male-sterile trees. Our process-based model shows that pollen is not limiting in the study site and hence cannot account for reduced fruit set. It also indicates that self-pollination is high (74%) but selfing rate is low (4%). Self-pollen is less competitive than cross-pollen, reducing sexual interference, but not sufficiently, as many ovules end up being self-fertilized, 95% of which abort before fruit formation, resulting in the loss of 46% of the fruit crop. These results suggest that the main cause of reduced reproductive potential in chestnut is sexual interference by self-pollen, raising questions on its evolutionary origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Larue
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France.,INVENIO, Maison Jeannette, Douville, France
| | | | - Rémy J Petit
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DeVetter LW, Chabert S, Milbrath MO, Mallinger RE, Walters J, Isaacs R, Galinato SP, Kogan C, Brouwer K, Melathopoulos A, Eeraerts M. Toward evidence-based decision support systems to optimize pollination and yields in highbush blueberry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1006201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is a globally important fruit crop that depends on insect-mediated pollination to produce quality fruit and commercially viable yields. Pollination success in blueberry is complex and impacted by multiple interacting factors including flower density, bee diversity and abundance, and weather conditions. Other factors, including floral traits, bee traits, and economics also contribute to pollination success at the farm level but are less well understood. As blueberry production continues to expand globally, decision-aid technologies are needed to optimize and enhance the sustainability of pollination strategies. The objective of this review is to highlight our current knowledge about blueberry pollination, where current research efforts are focused, and where future research should be directed to successfully implement a comprehensive blueberry pollination decision-making framework for modern production systems. Important knowledge gaps remain, including how to integrate wild and managed pollinators to optimize pollination, and how to provide predictable and stable crop pollination across variable environmental conditions. In addition, continued advances in pesticide stewardship are required to optimize pollinator health and crop outcomes. Integration of on- and off-farm data, statistical models, and software tools could distill complex scientific information into decision-aid systems that support sustainable, evidence-based pollination decisions at the farm level. Utility of these tools will require multi-disciplinary research and strategic deployment through effective extension and information-sharing networks of growers, beekeepers, and extension/crop advisors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Incompatible pollen abortion and late-acting self-incompatibility in Schima superba. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15598. [PMID: 36114363 PMCID: PMC9481619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, self-incompatibility (SI) is a common and widespread mechanism for plant prevention of inbreeding, and late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) may be ancestral in the group. In this work, we studied Schima superba, a species in Theaceae that is a commercially important timer and fire-resistant tree, and revealed its LSI mechanism. Hormones, enzymes, transcriptomes, and proteins were compared between self-pollination (SP) and outcross pollination (OP) in the styles and ovaries from 0 to 120 h after pollination. The self-pollen tubes grew to the bottom of the style and entered the ovary within 48 h but failed to penetrate the ovule. Meanwhile, the hormone and peroxidase levels dramatically changed. Transcriptome and proteome analyses explored the molecular mechanisms of LSI and candidate genes related to LSI in S. superba. Overall, 586.71 million reads were obtained, and 79,642 (39.08%) unigenes were annotated. KEGG and GO analysis showed that there were 4531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 82 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 48 h in self- (SP) versus outcross pollination (OP). Among these, 160 DEGs and 33 DEPs were involved in pollen–pistil interactions. “Pollen–pistil interaction,” “signal recognition,” and “component of membrane” were downregulated in SP, whereas “cell wall and membrane biosynthetic process,” and “oxidoreductase activity” were upregulated. The DEGs involved with S-RNases and SCF during SP suggested that the LSI occurred at 48 h in the ovary and that the LSI in S. superba was under gametophyte control. Calcium ion increase and release, mitochondrial function loss, and ROS disruption further aggravated PCD progress and cell death. The LSI of S. superba, which happened 48 h after pollination, was a key time point. The incompatibility PT ceased growth in the ovary because of S-RNase recognition and PCD in this organ. This study highlights the LSI molecular mechanism in S. superba and provides a reference to other species in Theaceae.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kämper W, Dung CD, Ogbourne SM, Wallace HM, Trueman SJ. High self-paternity levels and effects of fertilised-seed number on size of strawberry fruit. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273457. [PMID: 36099262 PMCID: PMC9469984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-pollination can increase fruit production in both self-incompatible and self-compatible fruit crops. However, it is often unclear what proportions of the fruit crop result from cross-pollination. We quantified the proportion of cross-pollinated seeds and the proportion of fertilised seeds in two strawberry cultivars, Red Rhapsody and Sundrench, at increasing distances from a cross-pollen source. We assessed whether fully self-pollinated fruit and partly cross-pollinated fruit differed in fruit size, colour, firmness, Brix and acidity. We also assessed whether fruit size and quality were affected by the number or percentage of fertilised seeds. Almost all seeds of both cultivars resulted from self-pollination (~98%), even at only 1 m from a cross-pollen source. Distance from a cross-pollen source did not affect the proportion of partly cross-pollinated fruit or the proportion of cross-pollinated seeds per fruit. The mass and diameter of fully self-pollinated Sundrench fruit, and the redness and Brix of fully self-pollinated Red Rhapsody fruit, were higher than partly cross-pollinated fruit. Fruit mass, length and diameter increased, and acidity decreased, with increasing numbers of fertilised seeds in both cultivars. Fruit mass also increased with the percentage of fertilised seeds. Our results show that cross-pollination was not required for Red Rhapsody and Sundrench fruit production, and that cross-pollination was a rare occurrence even close to cross pollen source. Self-pollen deposition on stigmas is required to maximise the number of fertilised seeds, and consequently fruit size and quality. Our research indicates that bees improve strawberry fruit size by increasing the number of stigmas that receive pollen. Our results suggest that placing bee hives on strawberry farms during flowering and establishing nearby pollinator habitat to support wild pollinators could improve strawberry yield and fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Kämper
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Cao Dinh Dung
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Helen M. Wallace
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Trueman
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang CH, Zou TT, Liu WQ, Wang XF. The influence of self-pollen deposition on female reproductive success in a self-incompatible plant, Akebia quinata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935217. [PMID: 36035715 PMCID: PMC9399832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Geitonogamy is inevitable in hermaphrodite and monecious. Even for self-incompatible species, the negative effects of self-pollen are unavoidable when geitonogamous or self-mating occurs. However, the influence of self-pollen on consecutive development of flowers (e.g., fruiting and seeding) was seldom evaluated. Here, the self-incompatible monecious species, Akebia quinata, was used to estimate the influence of self-pollen deposition. We evaluated the extent of pollen limitation and geitonogamous mating under natural conditions by count of stigmatic pollen load and pollen tracking experiment. Hand pollination with different amount and combinations of self vs. cross pollen grains was applied to detect the response of fruit and seed set. The results showed that geitonogamy and pollen limitation occurred under natural conditions in A. quinata. Carpel numbers, ratio of self- and cross-pollen, and the interactive effect of ratio of self- and cross-pollen and total mixed pollen numbers, and not total pollen grain number, determined the effect of self-pollen on female reproductive success. The effect of self-pollen depended on its intensity. In general, the transfer of self-pollen significantly affected young fruit set. However, a little self-pollen together with cross-pollen did not reduce young fruit production. Although self-incompatible plants have evolved physiological mechanisms that reduce self-fertilization, our results provide new insights into the effects of self-pollen and the adaptive significance of self-incompatible monecious species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Qi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gong W, Xiao S, Wang L, Liao Z, Chang Y, Mo W, Hu G, Li W, Zhao G, Zhu H, Hu X, Ji K, Xiang X, Song Q, Yuan D, Jin S, Zhang L. Chromosome-level genome of Camellia lanceoleosa provides a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution and self-incompatibility. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:881-898. [PMID: 35306701 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The section Oleifera (Theaceae) has attracted attention for the high levels of unsaturated fatty acids found in its seeds. Here, we report the chromosome-scale genome of the sect. Oleifera using diploid wild Camellia lanceoleosa with a final size of 3.00 Gb and an N50 scaffold size of 186.43 Mb. Repetitive sequences accounted for 80.63% and were distributed unevenly across the genome. Camellia lanceoleosa underwent a whole-genome duplication event approximately 65 million years ago (65 Mya), prior to the divergence of C. lanceoleosa and Camellia sinensis (approx. 6-7 Mya). Syntenic comparisons of these two species elucidated the genomic rearrangement, appearing to be driven in part by the activity of transposable elements. The expanded and positively selected genes in C. lanceoleosa were significantly enriched in oil biosynthesis, and the expansion of homomeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) genes and the seed-biased expression of genes encoding heteromeric ACCase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and stearoyl-ACP desaturase could be of primary importance for the high oil and oleic acid content found in C. lanceoleosa. Theanine and catechins were present in the leaves of C. lanceoleosa. However, caffeine can not be dectected in the leaves but was abundant in the seeds and roots. The functional and transcriptional divergence of genes encoding SAM-dependent N-methyltransferases may be associated with caffeine accumulation and distribution. Gene expression profiles, structural composition and chromosomal location suggest that the late-acting self-incompatibility of C. lanceoleosa is likely to have favoured a novel mechanism co-occurring with gametophytic self-incompatibility. This study provides valuable resources for quantitative and qualitative improvements and genome assembly of polyploid plants in sect. Oleifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Shixin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Linkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Zhenyang Liao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yihong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Wenjuan Mo
- Experiment Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Permanent Scientific Research Base for Warm Temperate Zone Forestry of Jiu Long Mountain in Beijing, Beijing, 102300, China
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Guanxing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Huaguo Zhu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Qiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of the Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hou S, Zhao T, Yang Z, Liang L, Ma W, Wang G, Ma Q. Stigmatic Transcriptome Analysis of Self-Incompatible and Compatible Pollination in Corylus heterophylla Fisch. × Corylus avellana L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:800768. [PMID: 35300011 PMCID: PMC8921776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.800768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) protects plants from inbreeding depression due to self-pollination and promotes the outcrossing process to maintain a high degree of heterozygosity during evolution. Corylus is an important woody oil and nut species that shows sporophytic SI (SSI). Yet the molecular mechanism of SI in Corylus remains largely unknown. Here we conducted self- ("Dawei" × "Dawei") and cross-pollination ("Dawei" × "Liaozhen No. 7") experiments and then performed an RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the mechanism of pollen-stigma interactions and identify those genes that may be responsible for SSI in Corylus. We uncovered 19,163 up- and 13,314 downregulated genes from the comparison of different pollination treatments. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway-plant. We found many notable genes potentially involved in pollen-stigma interactions and SSI mechanisms, including genes encoding receptor-like protein kinases (RLK), calcium-related genes, disease-resistance genes, and WRKY transcription factors. Four upregulated and five downregulated DEGs were consistently identified in those comparison groups involving self-incompatible pollination, suggesting they had important roles in pollen-pistil interactions. We further identified the S-locus region of the Corylus heterophylla genome based on molecular marker location. This predicted S-locus contains 38 genes, of which 8 share the same functional annotation as the S-locus genes of Corylus avellana: two PIX7 homologous genes (EVM0002129 and EVM0025536), three MIK2 homologous genes (EVM0002422, EVM0005666, and EVM0009820), one aldose 1-epimerase (EVM0002095), one 3-dehydroquinate synthase II (EVM0021283), and one At3g28850 homologous gene (EVM0016149). By characterizing the pistil process during the early postpollination phase via transcriptomic analysis, this study provides new knowledge and lays the foundation for subsequent analyses of pollen-pistil interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Self- and Cross-Pollination in Argane Tree and their Implications on Breeding Programs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050828. [PMID: 35269450 PMCID: PMC8909186 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The argane tree (Argania spinosa L.) is a mostly self-incompatible species that must be cross-pollination. However, the cross-pollination is often insufficient to obtain a desirable fruit yield in the absence of compatibility between the orchard’s argane trees. Proper pollination design is therefore essential to ensure a supply of compatible pollen. In this study, pollen germination and pollen development following cross- and self-pollination were investigated in A. spinosa. The choice of compatible parents or a pollinizer is currently a new research topic for the production of argane fruits in the framework of argane farming programs. Different pollination experiments were designed with two main objectives: (i) to study cross/self-(in)compatibility in the argane tree, and (ii) to determine the degree of compatibility between selected superior genotypes for pollination strategies to improve fruit set in argane orchards. Thus, to determine if a pollination deficit exists, experiments were carried out on 14 genotypes, and 5421 flowers served as sampling. The germination rate of pollen was lower than 50% for three genotypes, and only four genotypes bloom twice a year. From cross-pollination trials, traits related to the mother trees, such as the shape of the fruit and fruit ripening duration, are not influenced by the gene flow transmitted by pollens. Self-pollination was very low (0.2%) for both hand- and free self-pollination but the highest fruit set rate observed was 5.3%. Based on the pollen effect study results, it can be concluded that different pollen sources affected the fruit set. Thus, the choice of an efficient pollinizer genotype must be inter-compatible with the main variety, bloom at the same time, and be regular (no alternation). This is the first time that a pollinizer tree was reported and studied for argane. To meet future argane farming requirements, the number and location of compatible pollinizers is very important in the argane orchard design. This design of pollination remains to be checked by alternately planting a row of pollinizer trees or inter-rows with main varieties.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abrahamczyk S, Weigend M, Becker K, Dannenberg LS, Eberz J, Atella‐Hödtke N, Steudel B. Influence of plant reproductive systems on the evolution of hummingbird pollination. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8621. [PMID: 35222976 PMCID: PMC8853967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many hummingbird‐pollinated plant species evolved from bee‐pollinated ancestors independently in many different habitats in North and South America. The mechanisms leading to these transitions are not completely understood. We conducted pollination and germination experiments and analyzed additional reproductive traits in three sister species pairs of which one species is bee‐ and the other hummingbird‐pollinated. All hummingbird‐pollinated species showed higher seed set and germination rates in cross‐pollinated than in self‐pollinated flowers. In the self‐compatible, bee‐pollinated sister species this difference did not exist. As expected, seed set and germination rate were higher after cross‐pollination in the largely self‐incompatible genus Penstemon independently of the pollination syndrome. However, the bird‐pollinated species produce only half of the amount of ovules and pollen grains per flower compared to the bee‐pollinated sister species. This indicates that hummingbird pollination is much more efficient in self‐incompatible populations because hummingbirds waste less pollen and provide higher outcrossing rates. Therefore, hummingbird pollination is less resource costly. Overall, we suggest that hummingbirds may increase the reproductive success compared to bees, influencing the evolution of hummingbird pollination in ecosystems with diverse bee assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigend
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Katrin Becker
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Judith Eberz
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Bastian Steudel
- Health and Environmental Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool University Suzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou S, Zhao T, Yang Z, Yang D, Li Q, Liang L, Wang G, Ma Q. Molecular cloning and yeast two-hybrid provide new evidence for unique sporophytic self-incompatibility system of Corylus. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:104-116. [PMID: 34724309 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Corylus genus contains several important nut producing species and exhibits sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SSI in Corylus remain largely unknown. To clarify whether Corylus and Brassica share the same SSI molecular mechanism. We cloned ChaTHL1/2, ChaMLPK, ChaARC1, ChaEX70A1 genes from Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut using RACE techniques and tested the interaction between the ChaARC1 and ChaSRK1/2. We also examined the pistil-pollen interactions using scanning electron microscopy. We found no differences in the stigma surface within 1 h after compatible or incompatible pollination. Compatible pollen tubes penetrated the stigma surface, while incompatible pollen did not penetrate the stigma 4 h after pollination. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ChaTHL1/2, ChaMLPK, ChaARC1 and ChaEX70A1 have corresponding functional domains. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that ChaTHL1/2, ChaMLPK, ChaARC1 and ChaEX70A1 were not regularly expressed in compatible or incompatible pollination. Furthermore, the expression patterns of ARC1, THL1/2, MLPK and Exo70A1 were quite distinct between Corylus and Brassica. According to yeast two-hybrid assays, ChaSRK1/2 did not interact with ChaARC1, confirming that the SRK-ARC1 signalling pathway implicated in the SSI response of Brassica was not conserved in Corylus. These results further reinforce the conclusion that, notwithstanding the similarity of the genetic basis, the SSI mechanism of Corylus does not conform in many respects with that of Brassica. Our findings could be helpful to better explore the potential mechanism of SSI system in Corylus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - D Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Q Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - L Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - G Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| | - Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A Dual-Successive-Screen Model at Pollen/Stigma and Pollen Tube/Ovary Explaining Paradoxical Self-Incompatibility Diagnosis in the Olive Tree—An Interpretative Update of the Literature. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091938. [PMID: 34579470 PMCID: PMC8466169 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ‘pollen test’ and ‘fruit set test’ following controlled crossing combinations of parents are the most commonly used methods for pollination incompatibility studies in Olea europaea L. Self-incompatibility (SI), with diagnoses based on the pollen test and pollen germination, indicating self-compatibility, is not always followed by fruit set in this species. To solve this dispute, we have reconciled all observations into a new model. Mismatches between field and laboratory data and between methods are resolved by the dual-successive-screen model (DSSM) supposing two different loci for the expression of the two SI mechanisms. Pollen/stigma is controlled by diallelic SI, or DSI, inferring two G1 and G2 compatibility/incompatibility (C/I) groups for varieties, whereas pollen tubes in ovaries are controlled by poly-allelic SI or PASI with twenty C/I groups. To explain the selfing of varieties, we have suggested that some determinants in the pollen tube and stigma are unstable and degrade (DS-D for degradation of S-determinant) after three to five days, enabling some pollen tubes to avoid being rejected, hence reaching ovules. DSI and PASI in the DSSM and DS-D mechanisms, plus the andromonoecy of the olive tree, complexify SI studies. Inferences from DSSM and DS-D mechanisms in olive orchard practice are detailed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kämper W, Trueman SJ, Ogbourne SM, Wallace HM. Pollination services in a macadamia cultivar depend on across‐orchard transport of cross pollen. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Kämper
- Food Futures Platform Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan Qld Australia
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
- Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
| | - Stephen J. Trueman
- Food Futures Platform Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan Qld Australia
- Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
| | - Helen M. Wallace
- Food Futures Platform Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan Qld Australia
- Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yomai VMH, Williams JH. Breeding systems of naturalized versus indigenous species provide support for Baker's law on Pohnpei island. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab038. [PMID: 34336178 PMCID: PMC8317631 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The factors that facilitate successful colonization of islands should be especially evident where the establishment filter is strongest. Colonizers of small, remote oceanic islands should be initially rare, extremely mate-limited and often without pollinators. Hence, plant communities on such islands should reflect an establishment history in which young 'naturalized' species are most likely to display self-compatibility and autonomous selfing, whereas 'indigenous' species may exhibit more diverse reproductive strategies. To test this prediction, we characterized breeding systems of 28 species on Pohnpei, in the Federated States of Micronesia, a group of remote Pacific islands that are considered a global biodiversity hotspot. Three families with both naturalized and indigenous species were selected-Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Melastomataceae. Measurements included field observations of dichogamy/herkogamy and floral attraction traits, pollen:ovule (P:O) ratios and experimental hand-pollinations for self-compatibility and pollen limitation. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses tested for trait correlations between naturalized and indigenous species. Flowers of all 28 species were bisexual, and pollinator attraction features were common. Pollen:ovule ratios ranged from 9 to 557 (median = 87), and all 11 hand-pollinated species were self-compatible. All species had >5 ovules and <3500 pollen grains per flower. Indigenous species did not differ significantly from naturalized species for any trait. There is a dearth of data from remote islands bearing on the question of establishment history. In this study, we inferred all species to have some degree of autogamy and indigenous species were no more likely than naturalized species to display outcrossing mechanisms. On Pohnpei, high ovule numbers, and the inaccessibility of wind pollination and obligate outcrossing strategies, reflect the importance of retaining reproductive assurance mechanisms in the face of pollinator uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hill Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Pollen-pistil interactions serve as important prezygotic reproductive barriers that play a critical role in mate selection in plants. Here, we highlight recent progress toward understanding the molecular basis of pollen-pistil interactions as reproductive isolating barriers. These barriers can be active systems of pollen rejection, or they can result from a mismatch of required male and female factors. In some cases, the barriers are mechanistically linked to self-incompatibility systems, while others represent completely independent processes. Pollen-pistil reproductive barriers can act as soon as pollen is deposited on a stigma, where penetration of heterospecific pollen tubes is blocked by the stigma papillae. As pollen tubes extend, the female transmitting tissue can selectively limit growth by producing cell wall-modifying enzymes and cytotoxins that interact with the growing pollen tube. At ovules, differential pollen tube attraction and inhibition of sperm cell release can act as barriers to heterospecific pollen tubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Broz
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878, USA; ,
| | - Patricia A Bedinger
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tropical fruit production depends on wild insect communities: bees and lychees in Thailand. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe importance of wild insects as pollinators of tropical tree crops has rarely been tested. Across 18 small-scale lychee orchards in northern Thailand, we evaluated the roles of different wild insects as pollinators and predators of pests in fruit production. Quantitative assessments showed that bees (Family Apidae) were strongly dominant (83%) among insect flower visitors, comprising four species in tribes Apini and four in Meliponini. Experimental manipulations of inflorescences showed that fruit production in these orchards was: (1) dependent on flower visits by wild insects because enclosure of inflorescences in mesh bags decreased fruit set (to one-fifth) and (2) not greatly limited by pollinator deficiencies, because hand pollination of unbagged flowers did not enhance fruit set. Pollination success, as indicated by the proportion of unmanipulated flowers setting fruit, correlated positively across orchards with the abundance of large-bodied Apidae (>7 mm; most were Apis species) and of Apini, and negatively with abundance of small-bodied Apidae and of all Meliponini, despite the latter being the commonest flower visitors. We conclude that larger-bodied bees are most likely to travel sufficiently far to import genetically diverse pollen, in this landscape-scale mosaic where non-orchard habitats (both agriculture and treed patches) were sufficient to sustain wild pollinators.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bianchi MB, Meagher TR, Gibbs PE. Do s genes or deleterious recessives control late-acting self-incompatibility in Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae)? A diallel study with four full-sib progeny arrays. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:723-736. [PMID: 33619532 PMCID: PMC8103807 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetically controlled self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms constrain selfing and thus have contributed to the evolutionary diversity of flowering plants. In homomorphic gametophytic SI (GSI) and homomorphic sporophytic SI (SSI), genetic control is usually by the single multi-allelic locus S. Both GSI and SSI prevent self pollen tubes reaching the ovary and so are pre-zygotic in action. In contrast, in taxa with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), rejection is often post-zygotic, since self pollen tubes grow to the ovary, where fertilization may occur prior to floral abscission. Alternatively, lack of self fruit set could be due to early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms underlying the lack of selfed fruit set in Handroanthus heptaphyllus in order to assess the likelihood of LSI versus EID. METHODS We employed four full-sib diallels to study the genetic control of LSI in H. heptaphyllus using a precociously flowering variant. We also used fluorescence microscopy to study the incidence of ovule penetration by pollen tubes in pistils that abscised following pollination or initiated fruits. KEY RESULTS All diallels showed reciprocally cross-incompatible full sibs (RCIs), reciprocally cross-compatible full sibs (RCCs) and non-reciprocally compatible full sibs (NRCs) in almost equal proportions. There was no significant difference between the incidences of ovule penetrations in abscised pistils following self- and cross-incompatible pollinations, but those in successful cross-pollinations were around 2-fold greater. CONCLUSIONS A genetic model postulating a single S locus with four S alleles, one of which, in the maternal parent, is dominant to the other three, will produce RCI, RCC and NRC full sib situations each at 33 %, consistent with our diallel results. We favour this simple genetic control over an EID explanation since none of our pollinations, successful or unsuccessful, resulted in partial embryo development, as would be expected under a whole-genome EID effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Bianchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla (SF), Argentina
- CIUNR, Consejo de Investigaciones de la UNR, Rosario (SF), Argentina
| | - Thomas R Meagher
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Peter E Gibbs
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Takou M, Hämälä T, Koch EM, Steige KA, Dittberner H, Yant L, Genete M, Sunyaev S, Castric V, Vekemans X, Savolainen O, de Meaux J. Maintenance of Adaptive Dynamics and No Detectable Load in a Range-Edge Outcrossing Plant Population. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1820-1836. [PMID: 33480994 PMCID: PMC8097302 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During range expansion, edge populations are expected to face increased genetic drift, which in turn can alter and potentially compromise adaptive dynamics, preventing the removal of deleterious mutations and slowing down adaptation. Here, we contrast populations of the European subspecies Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea, which expanded its Northern range after the last glaciation. We document a sharp decline in effective population size in the range-edge population and observe that nonsynonymous variants segregate at higher frequencies. We detect a 4.9% excess of derived nonsynonymous variants per individual in the range-edge population, suggesting an increase of the genomic burden of deleterious mutations. Inference of the fitness effects of mutations and modeling of allele frequencies under the explicit demographic history of each population predicts a depletion of rare deleterious variants in the range-edge population, but an enrichment for fixed ones, consistent with the bottleneck effect. However, the demographic history of the range-edge population predicts a small net decrease in per-individual fitness. Consistent with this prediction, the range-edge population is not impaired in its growth and survival measured in a common garden experiment. We further observe that the allelic diversity at the self-incompatibility locus, which ensures strict outcrossing and evolves under negative frequency-dependent selection, has remained unchanged. Genomic footprints indicative of selective sweeps are broader in the Northern population but not less frequent. We conclude that the outcrossing species A. lyrata ssp. petraea shows a strong resilience to the effect of range expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Takou
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tuomas Hämälä
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Evan M Koch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim A Steige
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Genete
- CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo-Eco-Paleo, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shamil Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Castric
- CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo-Eco-Paleo, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Vekemans
- CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo-Eco-Paleo, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Outi Savolainen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Portillo Lemus LO, Bozec M, Harang M, Coudreuse J, Haury J, Stoeckel S, Barloy D. Self-incompatibility limits sexual reproduction rather than environmental conditions in an invasive water primrose. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:74-86. [PMID: 37284282 PMCID: PMC10168087 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit-set and seed-set depend on environmental conditions and reproductive systems. They are important components of sexual reproductive success in plants. They also control the ecological success and adaptation of invasive plants within their non-native ecosystems. We studied which factors bring about fruit-set and seed-set in invasive populations of the aquatic plant Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala. We analyzed fruit set and seed set in 37 populations growing under variable climatic conditions in Western Europe. Sub-samples of seven fruitful and fruitless populations were grown in common controlled conditions. We carried out self- and cross-pollinations, and measured the floral morphometry. Environmental conditions did not affect fruit-set and seed-set in-situ and in common controlled environments. Hand-pollinations showed that individuals from fruitful populations exhibited fruit and seed production whatever the pollen donor, whereas individuals from fruitless populations only did so when pollen came from fruitful populations. Floral morphometry evidenced the existence of two floral morphs that fully overlapped with fruitfulness, and individual incompatibility. Our results rebutted the hypothesis that environmental variations control fruit set and seed set in these invasive populations. We instead showed that fruit set and seed set were controlled by a heteromorphic reproductive system involving a self-incompatible and inter-morph compatible morph (long-styled morph), and a self- and inter-morph compatible reverse morph (short-styled morph). We collected morphs and fruit set records of this species worldwide and found the same relationship: fruitless populations were all composed only of individuals with long-styled floral morph. Our study constitutes the first evidence of a heteromorphic self-incompatible system in Ludwigia genus and Onagraceae family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Bozec
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | - Marilyne Harang
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | - Julie Coudreuse
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | - Jacques Haury
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li C, Ohadi S, Mesgaran MB. Asymmetry in fitness-related traits of later-generation hybrids between two invasive species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:51-62. [PMID: 33316089 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The importance of hybridization to invasion has been frequently discussed, with most studies focusing on the comparison of fitness-related traits between F1 hybrids and their parents and the consequences of such fitness differences. However, relatively little attention has been given to late-generation hybrids. Different fitness landscapes could emerge in later generations after hybrids cross with each other or backcross with their parents, which may play an important role in plant invasion and subsequent speciation. METHODS In this study, artificial crosses were conducted to generate multiple generations, including F1, F2, and backcrosses between two invasive species: Cakile edentula (self-compatible) and C. maritima (self-incompatible). Putative hybrids were also collected in the sympatric zone and compared with their co-occurring parents for phenotypic and genetic differences. RESULTS Genetic data provided evidence of hybridization happening in the wild, and phenotypic comparisons showed that natural hybrids had intermediate traits between the two species but showed more similarity to C. maritima than to C. edentula. The asymmetry was further identified in artificial generations for several phenotypic characters. Furthermore, backcrosses exhibited different patterns of variation, with backcrosses to C. maritima having higher reproductive output than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hybridization and introgression (backcrossing) in Cakile species is asymmetric and most likely to favor the proliferation of C. maritima genes in the mixed population and thus help its establishment, a finding that could not be predicted by characterizing F1 hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of BioSciences, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sara Ohadi
- School of BioSciences, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohsen B Mesgaran
- School of BioSciences, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Two Self-Incompatibility Sites Occur Simultaneously in the Same Acianthera Species (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121758. [PMID: 33322562 PMCID: PMC7763335 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In most species of Pleurothallidinae, the self-incompatibility site occurs in the stylar canal inside the column, which is typical of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). However, in some species of Acianthera, incompatible pollen tubes with anomalous morphology reach the ovary, as those are obstructed in the column. We investigated if a distinct self-incompatibility (SI) system is acting on the ovary of A. johannensis, which is a species with partial self-incompatibility, contrasting with a full SI species, A. fabiobarrosii. We analyzed the morphology and development of pollen tubes in the column, ovary, and fruit using light, epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that the main reaction site in A. johannensis is in the stylar canal inside the column, which was also recorded in A. fabiobarrosii. Morphological and cytological characteristics of the pollen tubes with obstructed growth in the column indicated a process of programmed cell death in these tubes, showing a possible GSI reaction. In addition, partially self-incompatible individuals of A. johannensis exhibit a second SI site in the ovary. We suggest that this self-incompatibility site in the ovary is only an extension of GSI that acts in the column, differing from the typical late-acting self-incompatibility system recorded in other plant groups.
Collapse
|
30
|
Karbstein K, Rahmsdorf E, Tomasello S, Hodač L, Hörandl E. Breeding system of diploid sexuals within the Ranunculus auricomus complex and its role in a geographical parthenogenesis scenario. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14435-14450. [PMID: 33391726 PMCID: PMC7771175 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The larger distribution area of asexuals compared with their sexual relatives in geographical parthenogenesis (GP) scenarios has been widely attributed to the advantages of uniparental reproduction and polyploidy. However, potential disadvantages of sexuals due to their breeding system have received little attention so far. Here, we study the breeding system of five narrowly distributed sexual lineages of Ranunculus notabilis s.l. (R. auricomus complex) and its effects on outcrossing, inbreeding, female fitness, and heterozygosity. We performed selfing and intra- and interlineage crossings by bagging 481 flowers (59 garden individuals) followed by germination experiments. We compared seed set and germination rates, and related them to genetic distance and genome-wide heterozygosity (thousands of RADseq loci). Selfings (2.5%) unveiled a significantly lower seed set compared with intra- (69.0%) and interlineage crossings (69.5%). Seed set of intra- (65%) compared to interpopulation crossings (78%) was significantly lower. In contrast, all treatments showed comparable germination rates (32%-43%). Generalized linear regressions between seed set and genetic distance revealed positive relationships in general and between lineages, and a negative one within lineages. Seed set was the main decisive factor for female fitness. Germination rates were not related to genetic distance at any level, but were positively associated with heterozygosity in interlineage crossings. Experiments confirmed full crossability and predominant outcrossing among sexual R. notabilis s.l. lineages. However, up to 5% (outliers 15%-31%) of seeds were formed by selfing, probably due to semi-self-compatibility in a multi-locus gametophytic SI system. Less seed set in intrapopulation crossings, and higher seed set and germination rates from crossings of genetically more distant and heterozygous lineages (interlineage) indicate negative inbreeding and positive outbreeding effects. In GP scenarios, sexual species with small and/or isolated populations can suffer from decreased female fitness due to their breeding system. This factor, among others, probably limits range expansion of sexuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Karbstein
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Georg‐August University School of Science (GAUSS)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Rahmsdorf
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Salvatore Tomasello
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ladislav Hodač
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Coetzee A, Spottiswoode CN, Seymour CL. Post-pollination barriers enable coexistence of pollinator-sharing ornithophilous Erica species. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:873-881. [PMID: 32997284 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some evolutionary radiations produce a number of closely-related species that continue to coexist. In such plant systems, when pre-pollination barriers are weak, relatively strong post-pollination reproductive barriers are required to maintain species boundaries. Even when post-pollination barriers are in place, however, reproductive interference and pollinator dependence may strengthen selection for pre-pollination barriers. We assessed whether coexistence of species from the unusually speciose Erica genus in the fynbos biome, South Africa, is enabled through pre-pollination or post-pollination barriers. We also tested for reproductive interference and pollinator dependence. We investigated this in natural populations of three bird-pollinated Erica species (Erica plukenetii, E. curviflora and E. coccinea), which form part of a large guild of congeneric species that co-flower and share a single pollinator species (Orange-breasted Sunbird Anthobaphes violacea). At least two of the three pre-pollination barriers assessed (distribution ranges, flowering phenology and flower morphology) were weak in each species pair. Hand-pollination experiments revealed that seed set from heterospecific pollination (average 8%) was significantly lower than seed set from outcross pollination (average 50%), supporting the hypothesis that species boundaries are maintained through post-pollination barriers. Reproductive interference, assessed in one population by applying outcross pollen three hours after applying heterospecific pollen, significantly reduced seed set compared to outcross pollen alone. This may drive selection for traits that enhance pre-pollination barriers, particularly given that two of the three species were self-sterile, and therefore pollinator dependent. This study suggests that post-pollination reproductive barriers could facilitate the coexistence of congeneric species, in a recent radiation with weak pre-pollination reproductive barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anina Coetzee
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Claire N Spottiswoode
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Colleen L Seymour
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, 7753, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stavert JR, Bailey C, Kirkland L, Rader R. Pollen tube growth from multiple pollinator visits more accurately quantifies pollinator performance and plant reproduction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16958. [PMID: 33046738 PMCID: PMC7552416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollination services from animals are critical for both crop production and reproduction in wild plant species. Accurately measuring the relative contributions of different animal taxa to pollination service delivery is essential for identifying key pollinators. However, widely used measures of pollinator effectiveness (e.g., single visit pollen deposition) may be inaccurate where plant reproduction is strongly constrained by pollen quality. Here, we test the efficacy of single and multiple pollinator visits for measuring pollinator performance in a model plant species (apple, Malus domestica Borkh) that is strongly limited by pollen quality. We determined pollination success using a suite of measures (pollen deposition, pollen tube growth, fruit and seed set) from single and multiple pollinator visits. We found that pollen deposition from a single pollinator visit seldom resulted in the growth of pollen tubes capable of eliciting ovule fertilisation and never resulted in fruit or seed production. In contrast, multiple pollinator visits frequently initiated the growth of pollen tubes capable of ovule fertilisation and often led to fruit and seed production. Our findings suggest that single visit pollen deposition may provide a poor measure of pollinator performance when linked to reproductive success of plant species that are constrain by pollen quality. Alternatively, pollen tube growth from single and multiple pollinator visits can provide a measure of pollinator performance that is more closely linked to plant reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Stavert
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England (UNE), Armidale, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Conservation
- Te Papa Atawhai, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Charlie Bailey
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England (UNE), Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsey Kirkland
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England (UNE), Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England (UNE), Armidale, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Smith GR, Ganley BJ, Chagné D, Nadarajan J, Pathirana RN, Ryan J, Arnst EA, Sutherland R, Soewarto J, Houliston G, Marsh AT, Koot E, Carnegie AJ, Menzies T, Lee DJ, Shuey LS, Pegg GS. Resistance of New Zealand Provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, Kunzea linearis, and Metrosideros excelsa to Austropuccinia psidii. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1771-1780. [PMID: 32272027 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2302-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to the pandemic strain of Austropuccinia psidii was identified in New Zealand provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, and K. linearis plants. Only 1 Metrosideros excelsa-resistant plant was found (of the 570 tested) and no resistant plants of either Lophomyrtus bullata or L. obcordata were found. Three types of resistance were identified in Leptospermum scoparium. The first two, a putative immune response and a hypersensitive response, are leaf resistance mechanisms found in other myrtaceous species while on the lateral and main stems a putative immune stem resistance was also observed. Both leaf and stem infection were found on K. robusta and K. linearis plants as well as branch tip dieback that developed on almost 50% of the plants. L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis are the first myrtaceous species where consistent infection of stems has been observed in artificial inoculation trials. This new finding and the first observation of significant branch tip dieback of plants of the two Kunzea spp. resulted in the development of two new myrtle rust disease severity assessment scales. Significant seed family and provenance effects were found in L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis: some families produced significantly more plants with leaf, stem, and (in Kunzea spp.) branch tip dieback resistance, and provenances provided different percentages of resistant families and plants. The distribution of the disease symptoms on plants from the same seed family, and between plants from different seed families, suggested that the leaf, stem, and branch tip dieback resistances were the result of independent disease resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Smith
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Beccy J Ganley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Jayanthi Nadarajan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Ranjith N Pathirana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Julie Ryan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Elise A Arnst
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Gary Houliston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Alby T Marsh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Emily Koot
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Angus J Carnegie
- Forest Science, Department of Primary Industries-Forestry, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Australia
| | - Tracey Menzies
- The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - David J Lee
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Louise S Shuey
- The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Geoff S Pegg
- The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
He Y, Song Q, Wu Y, Ye S, Chen S, Chen H. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Crucial Biological Pathways Involved in Self-Incompatibility Responses in Camellia oleifera. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061987. [PMID: 32183315 PMCID: PMC7139391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a valuable woody oil plant belonging to the Theaceae, Camellia oil extracted from the seed is an excellent edible oil source. Self-incompatibility (SI) in C. oleifera results in low fruit set, and our knowledge about the mechanism remains limited. In the present study, the Tandem mass tag (TMT) based quantitative proteomics was employed to analyze the dynamic change of proteins response to self- and cross-pollinated in C. oleifera. A total of 6,616 quantified proteins were detected, and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) analysis identified a large number of proteins. Combined analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DAPs of self- and cross-pollinated pistils based on transcriptome and proteome data revealed that several candidate genes or proteins involved in SI of C. oleifera, including polygalacturonase inhibitor, UDP-glycosyltransferase 92A1-like, beta-D-galactosidase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, ABC transporter G family member 36-like, and flavonol synthase. Venn diagram analysis identified 11 proteins that may participate in pollen tube growth in C. oleifera. Our data also revealed that the abundance of proteins related to peroxisome was altered in responses to SI in C. oleifera. Moreover, the pathway of lipid metabolism-related, flavonoid biosynthesis and splicesome were reduced in self-pollinated pistils by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. In summary, the results of the present study lay the foundation for learning the regulatory mechanism underlying SI responses as well as provides valuable protein resources for the construction of self-compatibility C. oleifera through genetic engineering in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan He
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (Y.H.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (S.C.)
- Forestry College, Oil Tea Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qianqian Song
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (Y.H.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (S.C.)
- Forestry College, Oil Tea Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuefeng Wu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (Y.H.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (S.C.)
- Forestry College, Oil Tea Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shutao Ye
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (Y.H.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (S.C.)
- Forestry College, Oil Tea Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shipin Chen
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (Y.H.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (S.C.)
- Forestry College, Oil Tea Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (Y.H.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (S.C.)
- Forestry College, Oil Tea Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5034-3791
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou J, Lu M, Yu S, Liu Y, Yang J, Tan X. In-depth Understanding of Camellia oleifera Self-incompatibility by Comparative Transcriptome, Proteome and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1600. [PMID: 32111089 PMCID: PMC7084461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil-tea tree (Camellia oleifera) is the most important edible oil tree species in China with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) properties. The mechanism of LSI is uncertain, which seriously hinders the research on its genetic characteristics, construction of genetic map, selection of cross breeding parents and cultivar arrangement. To gain insights into the LSI mechanism, we performed cytological, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies on self- and cross-pollinated pistils. The studies identified 166,591 transcripts, 6851 proteins and 6455 metabolites. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1197 differentially expressed transcripts between self- and cross-pollinated pistils and 47 programmed cell death (PCD)-control transcripts. Trend analysis by Pearson correlation categorized nine trend graphs linked to 226 differentially expressed proteins and 38 differentially expressed metabolites. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the LSI was closely associated with PCD-related genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These particular trends in transcripts, proteins and metabolites suggested the involvement of PCD in LSI. The results provide a solid genetic foundation for elucidating the regulatory network of PCD-mediated self-incompatibility in C. oleifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410001, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Brom T, Castric V, Billiard S. Breakdown of gametophytic self-incompatibility in subdivided populations. Evolution 2020; 74:270-282. [PMID: 31845323 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In many hermaphroditic flowering plants, self-fertilization is prevented by self-incompatibility (SI), often controlled by a single locus, the S-locus. In single isolated populations, the maintenance of SI depends chiefly on inbreeding depression and the number of SI alleles at the S-locus. In subdivided populations, however, population subdivision has complicated effects on both the number of SI alleles and the level of inbreeding depression, rendering the maintenance of SI difficult to predict. Here, we explore the conditions for the invasion of a self-compatible mutant in a structured population. We find that the maintenance of SI is strongly compromised when a population becomes subdivided. We show that this effect is mainly caused by the decrease in the local diversity of SI alleles rather than by a change in the dynamics of inbreeding depression. Strikingly, we also find that the diversity of SI alleles at the whole population level is a poor predictor of the maintenance of SI. We discuss the implications of our results for the interpretation of empirical data on the loss of SI in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brom
- University Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8198, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Castric
- University Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8198, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Billiard
- University Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8198, F-59000, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Johnson SD, Butler HC, Robertson AW. Breeding systems in Cyrtanthus (Amaryllidaceae): variation in self-sterility and potential for ovule discounting. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:1008-1015. [PMID: 31271495 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breeding systems of plants determine their reliance on pollinators and ability to produce seeds following self-pollination. Self-sterility, where ovules that are penetrated by self-pollen tubes that do not develop into seeds, is usually considered to represent either a system of late-acting self-incompatibility or strong early inbreeding depression. Importantly, it can lead to impaired female function through ovule or seed discounting when stigmas receive mixtures of self and cross pollen, unless cross pollen is able to reach the ovary ahead of self pollen ('prepotency'). Self-sterility associated with ovule penetration by self-pollen tubes appears to be widespread among the Amaryllidaceae. We tested for self-sterility in three Cyrtanthus species - C. contractus, C. ventricosus and C. mackenii - by means of controlled hand-pollination experiments. To determine the growth rates and frequency of ovule penetration by self- versus cross-pollen tubes, we used fluorescence microscopy to examine flowers of C. contractus harvested 24, 48 and 72 h after pollination, in conjunction with a novel method of processing these images digitally. To test the potential for ovule discounting (loss of cross-fertilisation opportunities when ovules are disabled by self-pollination), we pollinated flowers of C. contractus and C. mackenii with mixtures of self- and cross pollen. We recorded full self-sterility for C. contractus and C. ventricosus, and partial self-sterility for C. mackenii. In C. contractus, we found no differences in the growth rates of self- and cross-pollen tubes, nor in the proportions of ovules penetrated by self- and cross-pollen tubes. In this species, seed set was depressed (relative to cross-pollinated controls) when flowers received a mixture of self and cross pollen, but this was not the case for C. mackenii. These results reveal variation in breeding systems among Cyrtanthus species and highlight the potential for gender conflict in self-sterile species in which ovules are penetrated and disabled by pollen tubes from self pollen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Johnson
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - H C Butler
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - A W Robertson
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Losada JM, Herrero M. Arabinogalactan proteins mediate intercellular crosstalk in the ovule of apple flowers. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:291-305. [PMID: 31049682 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AGP-rich glycoproteins mediate pollen-ovule interactions and cell patterning in the embryo sac of apple before and after fertilization. Glycoproteins are significant players in the dialog that takes place between growing pollen tubes and the stigma and style in the angiosperms. Yet, information is scarce on their possible involvement in the ovule, a sporophytic organ that hosts the female gametophyte. Apple flowers have a prolonged lapse of time between pollination and fertilization, offering a great system to study the developmental basis of glycoprotein secretion and their putative role during the last stages of the progamic phase and early seed initiation. For this purpose, the sequential pollen tube elongation within the ovary was examined in relation to changes in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the tissues of the ovule before and after fertilization. To evaluate what of these changes are developmentally regulated, unpollinated and pollinated flowers were compared. AGPs paved the pollen tube pathway in the ovules along the micropylar canal, and the nucellus entrance toward the synergids, which also developmentally accumulated AGPs at the filiform apparatus. Glycoproteins vanished from all these tissues following pollen tube passage, strongly suggesting a role in pollen-ovule interaction. In addition, AGPs marked the primary cell walls of the haploid cells of the female gametophyte, and they further built up in the cell walls of the embryo sac and developing embryo, layering the interactive walls of the three generations hosted in the ovule, the maternal sporophytic tissues, the female gametophyte, and the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain.
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre St., Boston, MA, 02131, USA.
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora-CSIC-UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Herrero
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reese JB, Williams JH. How does genome size affect the evolution of pollen tube growth rate, a haploid performance trait? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1011-1020. [PMID: 31294836 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Male gametophytes of most seed plants deliver sperm to eggs via a pollen tube. Pollen tube growth rates (PTGRs) of angiosperms are exceptionally rapid, a pattern attributed to more effective haploid selection under stronger pollen competition. Paradoxically, whole genome duplication (WGD) has been common in angiosperms but rare in gymnosperms. Pollen tube polyploidy should initially accelerate PTGR because increased heterozygosity and gene dosage should increase metabolic rates. However, polyploidy should also independently increase tube cell size, causing more work which should decelerate growth. We asked how genome size changes have affected the evolution of seed plant PTGRs. METHODS We assembled a phylogenetic tree of 451 species with known PTGRs. We then used comparative phylogenetic methods to detect effects of neo-polyploidy (within-genus origins), DNA content, and WGD history on PTGR, and correlated evolution of PTGR and DNA content. RESULTS Gymnosperms had significantly higher DNA content and slower PTGR optima than angiosperms, and their PTGR and DNA content were negatively correlated. For angiosperms, 89% of model weight favored Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models with a faster PTGR optimum for neo-polyploids, whereas PTGR and DNA content were not correlated. For within-genus and intraspecific-cytotype pairs, PTGRs of neo-polyploids < paleo-polyploids. CONCLUSIONS Genome size increases should negatively affect PTGR when genetic consequences of WGDs are minimized, as found in intra-specific autopolyploids (low heterosis) and gymnosperms (few WGDs). But in angiosperms, the higher PTGR optimum of neo-polyploids and non-negative PTGR-DNA content correlation suggest that recurrent WGDs have caused substantial PTGR evolution in a non-haploid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B Reese
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U.S.A
| | - Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manrique S, Friel J, Gramazio P, Hasing T, Ezquer I, Bombarely A. Genetic insights into the modification of the pre-fertilization mechanisms during plant domestication. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3007-3019. [PMID: 31152173 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant domestication is the process of adapting plants to human use by selecting specific traits. The selection process often involves the modification of some components of the plant reproductive mechanisms. Allelic variants of genes associated with flowering time, vernalization, and the circadian clock are responsible for the adaptation of crops, such as rice, maize, barley, wheat, and tomato, to non-native latitudes. Modifications in the plant architecture and branching have been selected for higher yields and easier harvests. These phenotypes are often produced by alterations in the regulation of the transition of shoot apical meristems to inflorescences, and then to floral meristems. Floral homeotic mutants are responsible for popular double-flower phenotypes in Japanese cherries, roses, camellias, and lilies. The rise of peloric flowers in ornamentals such as snapdragon and florists' gloxinia is associated with non-functional alleles that control the relative expansion of lateral and ventral petals. Mechanisms to force outcrossing such as self-incompatibility have been removed in some tree crops cultivars such as almonds and peaches. In this review, we revisit some of these important concepts from the plant domestication perspective, focusing on four topics related to the pre-fertilization mechanisms: flowering time, inflorescence architecture, flower development, and pre-fertilization self-incompatibility mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manrique
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - James Friel
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBioscience Research Center (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomas Hasing
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Global Transcriptional Insights of Pollen-Pistil Interactions Commencing Self-Incompatibility and Fertilization in Tea [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030539. [PMID: 30696008 PMCID: PMC6387076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explicates molecular insights commencing Self-Incompatibility (SI) and CC (cross-compatibility/fertilization) in self (SP) and cross (CP) pollinated pistils of tea. The fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed ceased/deviated pollen tubes in SP, while successful fertilization occurred in CP at 48 HAP. Global transcriptome sequencing of SP and CP pistils generated 109.7 million reads with overall 77.9% mapping rate to draft tea genome. Furthermore, concatenated de novo assembly resulted into 48,163 transcripts. Functional annotations and enrichment analysis (KEGG & GO) resulted into 3793 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these, de novo and reference-based expression analysis identified 195 DEGs involved in pollen-pistil interaction. Interestingly, the presence of 182 genes [PT germination & elongation (67), S-locus (11), fertilization (43), disease resistance protein (30) and abscission (31)] in a major hub of the protein-protein interactome network suggests a complex signaling cascade commencing SI/CC. Furthermore, tissue-specific qRT-PCR analysis affirmed the localized expression of 42 DE putative key candidates in stigma-style and ovary, and suggested that LSI initiated in style and was sustained up to ovary with the active involvement of csRNS, SRKs & SKIPs during SP. Nonetheless, COBL10, RALF, FERONIA-rlk, LLG and MAPKs were possibly facilitating fertilization. The current study comprehensively unravels molecular insights of phase-specific pollen-pistil interaction during SI and fertilization, which can be utilized to enhance breeding efficiency and genetic improvement in tea.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bolaños-Villegas P, Argüello-Miranda O. Meiosis Research in Orphan and Non-orphan Tropical Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30891046 PMCID: PMC6411703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeding is directly linked to the development of crops that can effectively adapt to challenging conditions such as soil nutrient depletion, water pollution, drought, and anthropogenic climate change. These conditions are extremely relevant in developing countries already burdened with population growth and unchecked urban expansion, especially in the tropical global southern hemisphere. Engineering new crops thus has potential to enhance food security, prevent hunger, and spur sustainable agricultural growth. A major tool for the improvement of plant varieties in this context could be the manipulation of homologous recombination and genome haploidization during meiosis. The isolation or the design of mutations in key meiotic genes may facilitate DNA recombination and transmission of important genes quickly and efficiently. Genome haploidization through centromeric histone mutants could be an option to create new crosses rapidly. This review covers technical approaches to engineer key meiotic genes in tropical crops as a blueprint for future work and examples of tropical crops in which such strategies could be applied are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica
- *Correspondence: Pablo Bolaños-Villegas,
| | - Orlando Argüello-Miranda
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Identification of Self-Incompatibility Alleles by Specific PCR Analysis and S-RNase Sequencing in Apricot. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113612. [PMID: 30445779 PMCID: PMC6274852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is one of the most efficient mechanisms to promote out-crossing in plants. However, SI could be a problem for fruit production. An example is apricot (Prunus armeniaca), in which, as in other species of the Rosaceae, SI is determined by an S-RNase-based-Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) system. Incompatibility relationships between cultivars can be established by an S-allele genotyping PCR strategy. Until recently, most of the traditional European apricot cultivars were self-compatible but several breeding programs have introduced an increasing number of new cultivars whose pollination requirements are unknown. To fill this gap, we have identified the S-allele of 44 apricot genotypes, of which 43 are reported here for the first time. The identification of Sc in 15 genotypes suggests that those cultivars are self-compatible. In five genotypes, self-(in)compatibility was established by the observation of pollen tube growth in self-pollinated flowers, since PCR analysis could not allowed distinguishing between the Sc and S8 alleles. Self-incompatible genotypes were assigned to their corresponding self-incompatibility groups. The knowledge of incompatibility relationships between apricot cultivars can be a highly valuable tool for the development of future breeding programs by selecting the appropriate parents and for efficient orchard design by planting self-compatible and inter-compatible cultivars.
Collapse
|
44
|
The Floral Biology, Breeding System and Pollination Efficiency of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. (Theaceae). FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
45
|
Lanaud C, Fouet O, Legavre T, Lopes U, Sounigo O, Eyango MC, Mermaz B, Da Silva MR, Loor Solorzano RG, Argout X, Gyapay G, Ebaiarrey HE, Colonges K, Sanier C, Rivallan R, Mastin G, Cryer N, Boccara M, Verdeil JL, Efombagn Mousseni IB, Peres Gramacho K, Clément D. Deciphering the Theobroma cacao self-incompatibility system: from genomics to diagnostic markers for self-compatibility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4775-4790. [PMID: 29048566 PMCID: PMC5853246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa self-compatibility is an important yield factor and has been described as being controlled by a late gameto-sporophytic system expressed only at the level of the embryo sac. It results in gametic non-fusion and involves several loci. In this work, we identified two loci, located on chromosomes 1 and 4 (CH1 and CH4), involved in cocoa self-incompatibility by two different processes. Both loci are responsible for gametic selection, but only one (the CH4 locus) is involved in the main fruit drop. The CH1 locus acts prior to the gamete fusion step and independently of the CH4 locus. Using fine-mapping and genome-wide association studies, we focused analyses on restricted regions and identified candidate genes. Some of them showed a differential expression between incompatible and compatible reactions. Immunolocalization experiments provided evidence of CH1 candidate genes expressed in ovule and style tissues. Highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) diagnostic markers were designed in the CH4 region that had been identified by fine-mapping. They are characterized by a strong linkage disequilibrium with incompatibility alleles, thus allowing the development of efficient diagnostic markers predicting self-compatibility and fruit setting according to the presence of specific alleles or genotypes. SSR alleles specific to self-compatible Amelonado and Criollo varieties were also identified, thus allowing screening for self-compatible plants in cocoa populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lanaud
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Fouet
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Legavre
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Uilson Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Olivier Sounigo
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UR Bioagresseurs, Elig-Essono, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Developpement (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Marie Claire Eyango
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Developpement (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Benoit Mermaz
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Marcos Ramos Da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Rey Gaston Loor Solorzano
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), EET-Pichilingue. CP 24 Km 5 vía Quevedo El Empalme, Quevedo, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Argout
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Gabor Gyapay
- Commissariat à l’Energie Antomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | | | - Kelly Colonges
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Christine Sanier
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Ronan Rivallan
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Mastin
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Nicholas Cryer
- Mondelez UK R&D Limited, Bournville Place, Bournville Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michel Boccara
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | | | - Karina Peres Gramacho
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Didier Clément
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramanauskas K, Igić B. The evolutionary history of plant T2/S-type ribonucleases. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3790. [PMID: 28924504 PMCID: PMC5598434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of T2/S-RNases are being discovered in plant genomes. Members of this protein family have a variety of known functions, but the vast majority are still uncharacterized. We present data and analyses of phylogenetic relationships among T2/S-RNases, and pay special attention to the group that contains the female component of the most widespread system of self-incompatibility in flowering plants. The returned emphasis on the initially identified component of this mechanism yields important conjectures about its evolutionary context. First, we find that the clade involved in self-rejection (class III) is found exclusively in core eudicots, while the remaining clades contain members from other vascular plants. Second, certain features, such as intron patterns, isoelectric point, and conserved amino acid regions, help differentiate S-RNases, which are necessary for expression of self-incompatibility, from other T2/S-RNase family members. Third, we devise and present a set of approaches to clarify new S-RNase candidates from existing genome assemblies. We use genomic features to identify putative functional and relictual S-loci in genomes of plants with unknown mechanisms of self-incompatibility. The widespread occurrence of possible relicts suggests that the loss of functional self-incompatibility may leave traces long after the fact, and that this manner of molecular fossil-like data could be an important source of information about the history and distribution of both RNase-based and other mechanisms of self-incompatibility. Finally, we release a public resource intended to aid the search for S-locus RNases, and help provide increasingly detailed information about their taxonomic distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolis Ramanauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Boris Igić
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Raina M, Kumar R, Kaul V. Stigmatic limitations on reproductive success in a paleotropical tree: causes and consequences. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx023. [PMID: 28717440 PMCID: PMC5511411 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Success in reproduction is subject to the successful initiation as well as successful completion of a chain of consecutive events starting from flower formation and ending with viable seed production. A pivotal role in this chain is played by the stigma which is the seat of pollen recognition and initiation of pollen-pistil interaction. An interesting feature of the family Bignoniaceae is the presence of thigmosensitive stigmas which open, close and re-open in response to touch. Kigelia pinnata bears a touch sensitive stigma and is a low fruit setter in Jammu and Kashmir (India). One possible reason might be pollen limitation coupled with reported self-incompatibility. However, not much is known about the mechanism of self-incompatibility in K. pinnata or of the role of its thigmotropic stigma. Carefully designed manual pollination experiments along with critical field observations revealed naturally deposited pollen load to be too low to cause permanent closure of stigma lobes. A strong relationship exists between the threshold pollen load on stigma, its permanent closure and fertilization. Of the various pollination treatments undertaken, fruits were formed only in open and manual cross pollinations when ∼9200 pollen of legitimate type is deposited on the stigma. Thigmosensitivity further limited the opportunity for the deposition of optimum pollen loads. Although, frequented by as many as seven different visitors, an average of 8 bats per night are available for as many as 30 trees which reflects a baseline deficiency of effective pollinators. This limitation in pollen and pollinator availability affects pollination success of this species and ends up with low fruit set. Fluorescence microscopy reveals successful germination and tube growth of pollen grains of both self and cross type but fruit-set is 100 % in cross-pollinated pistils only. Despite slower rates of ovule penetration and evidence of delayed fertilization, absolutely no fruit initiation occurs in self-pollinated pistils. This strongly points towards self incompatibility being late acting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Raina
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- School Education Department, Government Higher Secondary School Parnalla, Jammu and Kashmir Government, Kathua, J&K, India
| | - Veenu Kaul
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bittencourt Júnior NS. Evidence for post-zygotic self-incompatibility in Handroanthus impetiginosus (Bignoniaceae). PLANT REPRODUCTION 2017; 30:69-79. [PMID: 28303339 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) has been defined as a genetically controlled self-sterility mechanism that prevents seed set by selfing, despite normal pollen tube growth and ovule penetration in self-pollinated pistils. In species of the Bignoniaceae with LSI, such as Handroanthus impetiginosus, the selfed pistils are characterized by a marked delay in ovule penetration, fertilization, and endosperm initiation, followed by uniform pistil abscission. This highlights the contentious possibility of a post-zygotic self-incompatibility system. However, previous studies were unable to confirm fusion of the sperm and egg cell nuclei in selfed ovules. In the present study, the cytology of the embryo sac, double fertilization, and pistil longevity was investigated in H. impetiginosus using comparative nuclei microspectrofluorometry of DAPI-stained sections of self- vs. unpollinated pistils. Differences in both pistil longevity and ovary size between self- and unpollinated flowers at the time of pistil abscission were significant. Zygotes with double the DNA content in their nuclei relative to unfertilized egg cell nuclei were verified in selfed ovules from the first day after pollination onward, and G1 karyogamy appeared to have occurred. Our cytological analysis clearly indicates that ovules of self-pollinated pistils in H. impetiginosus are fertilized before pistil abscission but no embryogenesis initiation occurs, which strongly supports the idea of a post-zygotic self-incompatibility mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Sabino Bittencourt Júnior
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lande R, Porcher E. Inbreeding depression maintained by recessive lethal mutations interacting with stabilizing selection on quantitative characters in a partially self-fertilizing population. Evolution 2017; 71:1191-1204. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Lande
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus; Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY United Kingdom
- Current Address: Center for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; N-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Emmanuelle Porcher
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation; Sorbonne Universités UMR MNHN-CNRS-UPMC 7204; 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pucholt P, Hallingbäck HR, Berlin S. Allelic incompatibility can explain female biased sex ratios in dioecious plants. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:251. [PMID: 28335728 PMCID: PMC5364565 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biased sex ratios are common among dioecious plant species despite the theoretical prediction of selective advantage of even sex ratios. Albeit the high prevalence of deviations from even sex ratios, the genetic causes to sex biases are rarely known outside of a few model species. Here we present a mechanism underlying the female biased sex ratio in the dioecious willow species Salix viminalis. Results We compared the segregation pattern of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers in two contrasting bi-parental pedigree populations, the S3 with even sex ratio and the S5 with a female biased sex ratio. With the segregation analysis and comparison between the two populations, we were able to demonstrate that sex determination and sex ratio distortion are controlled by different genetic mechanisms. We furthermore located the sex ratio distorter locus to a Z/W-gametologous region on chromosome 15, which was in close linkage with the sex determination locus. Interestingly, all males in the population with biased sex ratio have in this sex ratio distorter locus the same genotype, meaning that males with the Z1/Z3-genotype were missing from the population, thereby creating the 2:1 female biased sex ratio. Conclusions We attribute the absence of Z1/Z3 males to an allelic incompatibility between maternally and paternally inherited alleles in this sex ratio distorter locus. Due to the tight linkage with the sex determination locus only male individuals are purged from the population at an early age, presumably before or during seed development. We showed that such allelic incompatibility could be stably maintained over evolutionary times through a system of overdominant or pseudooverdominant alleles. Thus, it is possible that the same mechanism generates the female biased sex ratio in natural willow populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3634-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, SE - 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Henrik R Hallingbäck
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, SE - 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE - 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Berlin
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, SE - 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|