1
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Chen X, Han C, Yang R, Wang X, Ma J, Wang Y. Influence of the transcription factor ABI5 on growth and development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154316. [PMID: 39098091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
ABA-insensitive 5 (ABI5) belongs to the basic leucine zipper class of transcription factors and is named for being the fifth identified Arabidopsis mutant unresponsive to ABA. To understand the influence of ABI5 in its active state on downstream gene expression and plant growth and development, we overexpressed the full-length ABI5 (A.t.MX-4) and the active forms of ABI5 with deleted transcriptional repression domains (A.t.MX-1, A.t.MX-2, and A.t.MX-3). Compared with the wild type, A.t.MX-1, A.t.MX-2, and A.t.MX-3 exhibited an increase in rosette leaf number and size, earlier flowering, increased thousand-seed weight, and significantly enhanced drought resistance. Thirty-five upregulated/downregulated proteins in the A.t.MX-1 were identified by proteomic analysis, and these proteins were involved in ABA biosynthesis and degradation, abiotic stress, fatty acid synthesis, and energy metabolism. These proteins participate in the regulation of plant drought resistance, flowering timing, and seed size at the levels of transcription and post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanZhou, 730050, China
| | - Changze Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanZhou, 730050, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanZhou, 730050, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanZhou, 730050, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanZhou, 730050, China.
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanZhou, 730050, China.
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2
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Bergman ME, Kortbeek RWJ, Gutensohn M, Dudareva N. Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101287. [PMID: 38906423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ruy W J Kortbeek
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael Gutensohn
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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3
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Sánchez-López ÁM, Bahaji A, Gámez-Arcas S, De Diego N, Vrobel O, Tarkowski P, Baroja-Fernández E, Muñoz FJ, Almagro G, Seguí-Simarro JM, Tabernero-Mendoza M, López-Serrano L, Morcillo RJL, Pozueta-Romero J. PGI1-mediated vascular oxidative pentose phosphate pathway modulates photosynthesis via long-distance cytokinin signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108520. [PMID: 38522131 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the plastidial isoform of phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI1, mediates growth and photosynthesis, likely due to its involvement in the vascular production of cytokinins (CK). To examine this hypothesis, we characterized pgi1-2 knockout plants impaired in PGI1 and pgi1-2 plants specifically expressing PGI1 in root tips and vascular tissues. Moreover, to investigate whether the phenotype of pgi1-2 plants is due to impairments in the plastidial oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) or the glycolytic pathway, we characterized pgl3-1 plants with reduced OPPP and pfk4pfk5 knockout plants impaired in plastidial glycolysis. Compared with wild-type (WT) leaves, pgi1-2 leaves exhibited weaker expression of photosynthesis- and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P (MEP) pathway-related proteins, and stronger expression of oxidative stress protection-related enzymes. Consistently, pgi1-2 leaves accumulated lower levels of chlorophyll, and higher levels of tocopherols, flavonols and anthocyanins than the WT. Vascular- and root tip-specific PGI1 expression countered the reduced photosynthesis, low MEP pathway-derived CK content, dwarf phenotype and the metabolic characteristics of pgi1-2 plants, reverting them to WT-like levels. Moreover, pgl3-1, but not pfk4pfk5 plants phenocopied pgi1-2. Histochemical analyses of plants expressing GUS under the control of promoter regions of genes encoding plastidial OPPP enzymes exhibited strong GUS activity in root tips and vascular tissues. Overall, our findings show that root tip and vascular PGI1-mediated plastidial OPPP activity affects photosynthesis and growth through mechanisms involving long-distance modulation of the leaf proteome by MEP pathway-derived CKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain.
| | - Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain; Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | | | | | - Lidia López-Serrano
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, Campus de Teatinos, Avda. Louis Pasteur, 49, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael J L Morcillo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, Campus de Teatinos, Avda. Louis Pasteur, 49, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain; Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, Campus de Teatinos, Avda. Louis Pasteur, 49, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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4
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Li C, Jiang R, Wang X, Lv Z, Li W, Chen W. Feedback regulation of plant secondary metabolism: Applications and challenges. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111983. [PMID: 38211735 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites offer resistance to invasion by herbivorous organisms, and are also useful in the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fragrance industries. There are numerous approaches to enhancing secondary metabolite yields. However, a growing number of studies has indicated that feedback regulation may be critical in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Here, we review examples of feedback regulation in secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, phytohormone signal transduction, and complex deposition sites associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We propose a new strategy to enhance secondary metabolite production based on plant feedback regulation. We also discuss challenges in feedback regulation that must be overcome before its application to enhancing secondary metabolite yields. This review discusses recent advances in the field and highlights a strategy to overcome feedback regulation-related obstacles and obtain high secondary metabolite yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wankui Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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5
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Ueda Y, Yanagisawa S. Transcription factor module NLP-NIGT1 fine-tunes NITRATE TRANSPORTER2.1 expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2865-2879. [PMID: 37595050 PMCID: PMC10663117 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) high-affinity NITRATE TRANSPORTER2.1 (NRT2.1) plays a dominant role in the uptake of nitrate, the most important nitrogen (N) source for most terrestrial plants. The nitrate-inducible expression of NRT2.1 is regulated by NIN-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) family transcriptional activators and NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR1 (NIGT1) family transcriptional repressors. Phosphorus (P) availability also affects the expression of NRT2.1 because the PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 transcriptional activator activates NIGT1 genes in P-deficient environments. Here, we show a biology-based mathematical understanding of the complex regulation of NRT2.1 expression by multiple transcription factors using 2 different approaches: a microplate-based assay for the real-time measurement of temporal changes in NRT2.1 promoter activity under different nutritional conditions, and an ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based mathematical modeling of the NLP- and NIGT1-regulated expression patterns of NRT2.1. Both approaches consistently reveal that NIGT1 stabilizes the amplitude of NRT2.1 expression under a wide range of nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, the ODE model suggests that parameters such as the synthesis rate of NIGT1 mRNA and NIGT1 proteins and the affinity of NIGT1 proteins for the NRT2.1 promoter substantially influence the temporal expression patterns of NRT2.1 in response to nitrate. These results suggest that the NLP-NIGT1 feedforward loop allows a precise control of nitrate uptake. Hence, this study paves the way for understanding the complex regulation of nutrient acquisition in plants, thus facilitating engineered nutrient uptake and plant response patterns using synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ueda
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- Plant Functional Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Plant Functional Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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6
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Ezquerro M, Burbano-Erazo E, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Overlapping and specialized roles of tomato phytoene synthases in carotenoid and abscisic acid production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2021-2036. [PMID: 37474108 PMCID: PMC10602605 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are plastidial isoprenoids required for photoprotection and phytohormone production in all plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), carotenoids also provide color to flowers and ripe fruit. Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the first and main flux-controlling step of the carotenoid pathway. Three genes encoding PSY isoforms are present in tomato, PSY1 to PSY3. Mutants have shown that PSY1 is the isoform providing carotenoids for fruit pigmentation, but it is dispensable in photosynthetic tissues. No mutants are available for PSY2 or PSY3, but their expression profiles suggest a main role for PSY2 in leaves and PSY3 in roots. To further investigate isoform specialization with genetic tools, we created gene-edited lines defective in PSY1 and PSY2 in the MicroTom background. The albino phenotype of lines lacking both PSY1 and PSY2 confirmed that PSY3 does not contribute to carotenoid biosynthesis in shoot tissues. Our work further showed that carotenoid production in tomato shoots relies on both PSY1 and PSY2 but with different contributions in different tissues. PSY2 is the main isoform for carotenoid biosynthesis in leaf chloroplasts, but PSY1 is also important in response to high light. PSY2 also contributes to carotenoid production in flower petals and, to a lesser extent, fruit chromoplasts. Most interestingly, our results demonstrate that fruit growth is controlled by abscisic acid (ABA) specifically produced in the pericarp from PSY1-derived carotenoid precursors, whereas PSY2 is the main isoform associated with ABA synthesis in seeds and salt-stressed roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ezquerro
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Esteban Burbano-Erazo
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
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7
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Dong C, Wang Z, Qin L, Zhang C, Cao L, Li H, Ma X. Overexpression of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase 1 (NnGGPPS1) From Nelumbo nucifera Enhances Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Content and Biomass. Gene 2023; 881:147645. [PMID: 37453723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As the traditional herb with pharmacological compounds in China, the key genes related with terpenoid biosynthesis are still unveiled in Nelumbo nucifera. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) is one of the key enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis, synthesizing the common precursor of GGPP for downstream enzymes for generating various terpenoids. In this study, four NnGGPPS genes were isolated from N. nucifera. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses indicate that NnGGPPS1 and NnGGPPS2 belong to large subunit (LSU). Whereas NnGGPPS3 and NnGGPPS4 are classified as small subunit (SSU) of SSU Ⅱ and SSU I, respectively. Among four NnGGPPSs, only NnGGPPS1 and NnGGPPS2 can produce GGPP in bacterial pigment complementation assay. Combination analysis of subcellular localization and gene co-expression analysis (GCN) illustrates that NnGGPPS1 is the main transcript related with methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation. Overexpression of NnGGPPS1 improves the growth of transgenic tobacco, and increases carotenoids and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, NnGGPPS1 transgenic tobacco exhibits improved photosynthesis efficiency and ROS scavenging ability. The up-regulated expression of the key genes in MEP pathway, carotenoid biosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis, result in the increase of metabolic flux in NnGGPPS1 transgenic lines. Furthermore, the elevated MEP-derived primary metabolites of carotenoid and chlorophyll was attributed to enhancement of plant biomass of NnGGPPS1 transgenic lines. Therefore, NnGGPPS1 plays a vital role in biosynthesis of carotenoid and chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lili Qin
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Longyun Cao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xintian Ma
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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8
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Basallo O, Perez L, Lucido A, Sorribas A, Marin-Saguino A, Vilaprinyo E, Perez-Fons L, Albacete A, Martínez-Andújar C, Fraser PD, Christou P, Capell T, Alves R. Changing biosynthesis of terpenoid percursors in rice through synthetic biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133299. [PMID: 37465386 PMCID: PMC10350630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Many highly valued chemicals in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, cosmetic, and biomedical industries belong to the terpenoid family. Biosynthesis of these chemicals relies on polymerization of Isopentenyl di-phosphate (IPP) and/or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) monomers, which plants synthesize using two alternative pathways: a cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and a plastidic methyleritritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. As such, developing plants for use as a platform to use IPP/DMAPP and produce high value terpenoids is an important biotechnological goal. Still, IPP/DMAPP are the precursors to many plant developmental hormones. This creates severe challenges in redirecting IPP/DMAPP towards production of non-cognate plant metabolites. A potential solution to this problem is increasing the IPP/DMAPP production flux in planta. Here, we aimed at discovering, understanding, and predicting the effects of increasing IPP/DMAPP production in plants through modelling. We used synthetic biology to create rice lines containing an additional ectopic MVA biosynthetic pathway for producing IPP/DMAPP. The rice lines express three alternative versions of the additional MVA pathway in the plastid, in addition to the normal endogenous pathways. We collected data for changes in macroscopic and molecular phenotypes, gene expression, isoprenoid content, and hormone abundance in those lines. To integrate the molecular and macroscopic data and develop a more in depth understanding of the effects of engineering the exogenous pathway in the mutant rice lines, we developed and analyzed data-centric, line-specific, multilevel mathematical models. These models connect the effects of variations in hormones and gene expression to changes in macroscopic plant phenotype and metabolite concentrations within the MVA and MEP pathways of WT and mutant rice lines. Our models allow us to predict how an exogenous IPP/DMAPP biosynthetic pathway affects the flux of terpenoid precursors. We also quantify the long-term effect of plant hormones on the dynamic behavior of IPP/DMAPP biosynthetic pathways in seeds, and predict plant characteristics, such as plant height, leaf size, and chlorophyll content from molecular data. In addition, our models are a tool that can be used in the future to help in prioritizing re-engineering strategies for the exogenous pathway in order to achieve specific metabolic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orio Basallo
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lucia Perez
- Applied Plant Biotechnology Group, Department de Producció Vegetal I Ciència Florestal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Forestal i de Veterinària (ETSEAFiV), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Agrotecnio Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Abel Lucido
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Sorribas
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alberto Marin-Saguino
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ester Vilaprinyo
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Fons
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Departament of Plant Nutrition, Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of the Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Plant Production and Agrotechnology, Institute for Agri-Food Research and Development of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Andújar
- Departament of Plant Nutrition, Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of the Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paul D. Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Christou
- Applied Plant Biotechnology Group, Department de Producció Vegetal I Ciència Florestal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Forestal i de Veterinària (ETSEAFiV), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Agrotecnio Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Center, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Applied Plant Biotechnology Group, Department de Producció Vegetal I Ciència Florestal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Forestal i de Veterinària (ETSEAFiV), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Agrotecnio Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rui Alves
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
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9
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Di X, Ortega-Alarcon D, Kakumanu R, Iglesias-Fernandez J, Diaz L, Baidoo EEK, Velazquez-Campoy A, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Perez-Gil J. MEP pathway products allosterically promote monomerization of deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase to feedback-regulate their supply. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100512. [PMID: 36575800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are a very large and diverse family of metabolites required by all living organisms. All isoprenoids derive from the double-bond isomers isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which are produced by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in bacteria and plant plastids. It has been reported that IPP and DMAPP feedback-regulate the activity of deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the main flux-controlling step of the MEP pathway. Here we provide experimental insights into the underlying mechanism. Isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering approaches showed that IPP and DMAPP can allosterically bind to DXS in vitro, causing a size shift. In silico ligand binding site analysis and docking calculations identified a potential allosteric site in the contact region between the two monomers of the active DXS dimer. Modulation of IPP and DMAPP contents in vivo followed by immunoblot analyses confirmed that high IPP/DMAPP levels resulted in monomerization and eventual aggregation of the enzyme in bacterial and plant cells. Loss of the enzymatically active dimeric conformation allows a fast and reversible reduction of DXS activity in response to a sudden increase or decrease in IPP/DMAPP supply, whereas aggregation and subsequent removal of monomers that would otherwise be available for dimerization appears to be a more drastic response in the case of persistent IPP/DMAPP overabundance (e.g., by a blockage in their conversion to downstream isoprenoids). Our results represent an important step toward understanding the regulation of the MEP pathway and rational design of biotechnological endeavors aimed at increasing isoprenoid contents in microbial and plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Di
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ortega-Alarcon
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramu Kakumanu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Lucia Diaz
- Nostrum Biodiscovery SL, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Perez-Gil
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Song Y, Peng C, Wu Q, Tao S, Mei T, Sun Z, Zuo Z, Pan C, Zhou Y, Zhou G. Age effects of Moso bamboo on leaf isoprene emission characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132717. [PMID: 36959949 PMCID: PMC10028176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic compound that significantly affects atmospheric oxidant capacity, regional air quality, and climate change. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in China, is a strong isoprene emitter with great potential for carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration is negatively correlated with culm age; however, the effect of this correlation on isoprene emissions remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the photosynthetic and isoprene emission characteristics of Moso bamboo at different culm ages. The results showed that the age effect on isoprene emission was different from that on photosynthesis; the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was the highest in young, followed by mature, and then old bamboo, whereas the isoprene emission rate (Iso) was the highest in young, followed by old, and then mature bamboo. Moreover, the percentage of carbon loss as isoprene emission (C-loss) during photosynthesis of old bamboo was 35% higher than that of mature bamboo under standard conditions (leaf temperature: 30°C; light intensity: 1000 µmol m-2 s-1). Therefore, we strongly recommend considering the culm age when establishing an isoprene emission model of Moso bamboo. Additionally, because the Iso and C-loss of old bamboo were higher than those of mature bamboo, we suggest that attention should be paid to the management of bamboo age structure and timely felling of aged bamboo to reduce environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Chunju Peng
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Total optimization potential (TOP) approach based constrained design of isoprene and cis-abienol production in A. thaliana. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Song H, Li Y, Wang Z, Duan Z, Wang Y, Yang E, Que Q, Chen X, Li P. Transcriptome profiling of Toona ciliata young stems in response to Hypsipyla robusta Moore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950945. [PMID: 36105698 PMCID: PMC9465623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toona ciliata is a traditional woody plant that can be used as a medicinal material in China. The extracts of its roots, stems, leaves, and flowers all have a wide range of bioactive compounds. However, T. ciliata has been facing an unresolved pest problem caused by Hypsipyla robusta Moore (HRM), which seriously affects its growth and development. In this study, the expression level of TcMYB3 gene reached the maximum (28-fold) at 12 h and transcriptome sequencing of young stems eaten by HRM for 0, 3, 12, and 21 h were performed. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including jointly up-regulated genes (263) and down-regulated genes (378). JA synthesis and signaling transduction, terpene biosynthesis, and MAPKs signaling pathway were analyzed in depth and found that TcOPR3, TcJAR1, TcJAZs, and TcTPS9 genes possessed anti-insect potential. Moreover, MYB and ERF transcription factor (TF) families were significantly strengthened to the point that they may participate in induced defense mechanisms in T. ciliata. These data not only provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in resistance of T. ciliata to HRM but also helps to explore the new biocontrol strategies against insects in eco-friendly woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Song
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Endian Yang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Gámez-Arcas S, Baroja-Fernández E, García-Gómez P, Muñoz FJ, Almagro G, Bahaji A, Sánchez-López ÁM, Pozueta-Romero J. Action mechanisms of small microbial volatile compounds in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:498-510. [PMID: 34687197 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms communicate with plants by exchanging chemical signals throughout the phytosphere. Before direct contact with plants occurs, beneficial microorganisms emit a plethora of volatile compounds that promote plant growth and photosynthesis as well as developmental, metabolic, transcriptional, and proteomic changes in plants. These compounds can also induce systemic drought tolerance and improve water and nutrient acquisition. Recent studies have shown that this capacity is not restricted to beneficial microbes; it also extends to phytopathogens. Plant responses to microbial volatile compounds have frequently been associated with volatile organic compounds with molecular masses ranging between ~ 45Da and 300Da. However, microorganisms also release a limited number of volatile compounds with molecular masses of less than ~45Da that react with proteins and/or act as signaling molecules. Some of these compounds promote photosynthesis and growth when exogenously applied in low concentrations. Recently, evidence has shown that small volatile compounds are important determinants of plant responses to microbial volatile emissions. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in these responses remain poorly understood. This review summarizes current knowledge of biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in plant growth, development, and metabolic responses to small microbial volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Avda. Louis Pasteur, 49, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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14
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Torres-Montilla S, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Making extra room for carotenoids in plant cells: New opportunities for biofortification. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101128. [PMID: 34530006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection and provide colors in the yellow to red range to non-photosynthetic organs such as petals and ripe fruits. They are also the precursors of biologically active molecules not only in plants (including hormones and retrograde signals) but also in animals (including retinoids such as vitamin A). A carotenoid-rich diet has been associated with improved health and cognitive capacity in humans, whereas the use of carotenoids as natural pigments is widespread in the agrofood and cosmetic industries. The nutritional and economic relevance of carotenoids has spurred a large number of biotechnological strategies to enrich plant tissues with carotenoids. Most of such approaches to alter carotenoid contents in plants have been focused on manipulating their biosynthesis or degradation, whereas improving carotenoid sink capacity in plant tissues has received much less attention. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing carotenoid storage in plants has substantially grown in the last years, opening new opportunities for carotenoid biofortification. Here we will review these advances with a particular focus on those creating extra room for carotenoids in plant cells either by promoting the differentiation of carotenoid-sequestering structures within plastids or by transferring carotenoid production to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Torres-Montilla
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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15
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He J, Halitschke R, Schuman MC, Baldwin IT. Light dominates the diurnal emissions of herbivore-induced volatiles in wild tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 34461825 PMCID: PMC8404343 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing is everything when it comes to the fitness outcome of a plant's ecological interactions, and accurate timing is particularly relevant for interactions with herbivores or mutualists that are based on ephemeral emissions of volatile organic compounds. Previous studies of the wild tobacco N. attenuata have found associations between the diurnal timing of volatile emissions, and daytime predation of herbivores by their natural enemies. RESULTS Here, we investigated the role of light in regulating two biosynthetic groups of volatiles, terpenoids and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which dominate the herbivore-induced bouquet of N. attenuata. Light deprivation strongly suppressed terpenoid emissions while enhancing GLV emissions, albeit with a time lag. Silencing the expression of photoreceptor genes did not alter terpenoid emission rhythms, but silencing expression of the phytochrome gene, NaPhyB1, disordered the emission of the GLV (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. External abscisic acid (ABA) treatments increased stomatal resistance, but did not truncate the emission of terpenoid volatiles (recovered in the headspace). However, ABA treatment enhanced GLV emissions and leaf internal pools (recovered from tissue), and reduced internal linalool pools. In contrast to the pattern of diurnal terpenoid emissions and nocturnal GLV emissions, transcripts of herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) biosynthetic genes peaked during the day. The promotor regions of these genes were populated with various cis-acting regulatory elements involved in light-, stress-, phytohormone- and circadian regulation. CONCLUSIONS This research provides insights into the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HIPV bouquets, a mechanistic complexity which rivals the functional complexity of HIPVs, which includes repelling herbivores, calling for body guards, and attracting pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema Street, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Current address: Departments of Geography and Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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16
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Joshi J, Mimura M, Suzuki M, Wu S, Gregory JF, Hanson AD, McCarty DR. The Thiamin-Requiring 3 Mutation of Arabidopsis 5-Deoxyxylulose-Phosphate Synthase 1 Highlights How the Thiamin Economy Impacts the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:721391. [PMID: 34421975 PMCID: PMC8377734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.721391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The thiamin-requiring mutants of Arabidopsis have a storied history as a foundational model for biochemical genetics in plants and have illuminated the central role of thiamin in metabolism. Recent integrative genetic and biochemical analyses of thiamin biosynthesis and utilization imply that leaf metabolism normally operates close to thiamin-limiting conditions. Thus, the mechanisms that allocate thiamin-diphosphate (ThDP) cofactor among the diverse thiamin-dependent enzymes localized in plastids, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cytosol comprise an intricate thiamin economy. Here, we show that the classical thiamin-requiring 3 (th3) mutant is a point mutation in plastid localized 5-deoxyxylulose synthase 1 (DXS1), a key regulated enzyme in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) isoprene biosynthesis pathway. Substitution of a lysine for a highly conserved glutamate residue (E323) located at the subunit interface of the homodimeric enzyme conditions a hypomorphic phenotype that can be rescued by supplying low concentrations of thiamin in the medium. Analysis of leaf thiamin vitamers showed that supplementing the medium with thiamin increased total ThDP content in both wild type and th3 mutant plants, supporting a hypothesis that the mutant DXS1 enzyme has a reduced affinity for the ThDP cofactor. An unexpected upregulation of a suite of biotic-stress-response genes associated with accumulation of downstream MEP intermediate MEcPP suggests that th3 causes mis-regulation of DXS1 activity in thiamin-supplemented plants. Overall, these results highlight that the central role of ThDP availability in regulation of DXS1 activity and flux through the MEP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Joshi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Manaki Mimura
- Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Suzuki
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesse F. Gregory
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew D. Hanson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Donald R. McCarty
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Photoprotective Role of Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Pigments in Phillyrea latifolia: Is Their "Antioxidant" Function Prominent in Leaves Exposed to Severe Summer Drought? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158303. [PMID: 34361067 PMCID: PMC8347396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and phenylpropanoids play a dual role of limiting and countering photooxidative stress. We hypothesize that their “antioxidant” function is prominent in plants exposed to summer drought, when climatic conditions exacerbate the light stress. To test this, we conducted a field study on Phillyrea latifolia, a Mediterranean evergreen shrub, carrying out daily physiological and biochemical analyses in spring and summer. We also investigated the functional role of the major phenylpropanoids in different leaf tissues. Summer leaves underwent the most severe drought stress concomitantly with a reduction in radiation use efficiency upon being exposed to intense photooxidative stress, particularly during the central hours of the day. In parallel, a significant daily variation in both carotenoids and phenylpropanoids was observed. Our data suggest that the morning-to-midday increase in zeaxanthin derived from the hydroxylation of ß-carotene to sustain non-photochemical quenching and limit lipid peroxidation in thylakoid membranes. We observed substantial spring-to-summer and morning-to-midday increases in quercetin and luteolin derivatives, mostly in the leaf mesophyll. These findings highlight their importance as antioxidants, countering the drought-induced photooxidative stress. We concluded that seasonal and daily changes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments may allow P. latifolia leaves to avoid irreversible photodamage and to cope successfully with the Mediterranean harsh climate.
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18
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Mujiono K, Tohi T, Sobhy IS, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Galis I. Herbivore-induced and constitutive volatiles are controlled by different oxylipin-dependent mechanisms in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2687-2699. [PMID: 34114241 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for plants, control mechanisms for their basal and stress-induced biosynthesis and release remain unclear. We sampled and characterized headspace and internal leaf volatile pools in rice (Oryza sativa), after a simulated herbivory treatment, which triggers an endogenous jasmonate burst. Certain volatiles, such as linalool, were strongly upregulated by simulated herbivory stress. In contrast, other volatiles, such as β-caryophyllene, were constitutively emitted and fluctuated according to time of day. Transcripts of the linalool synthase gene transiently increased 1-3 h after exposure of rice to simulated herbivory, whereas transcripts of caryophyllene synthase peaked independently at dawn. Unexpectedly, although emission and accumulation patterns of rice inducible and constitutive VOCs were substantially different, both groups of volatiles were compromised in jasmonate-deficient hebiba mutants, which lack the allene oxide cyclase (AOC) gene. This suggests that rice employs at least two distinct oxylipin-dependent mechanisms downstream of AOC to control production of constitutive and herbivore-induced volatiles. Levels of the JA precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), were correlated with constitutive volatile levels suggesting that OPDA or its derivatives could be involved in control of volatile emission in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Tilisa Tohi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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19
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Pu X, Dong X, Li Q, Chen Z, Liu L. An update on the function and regulation of methylerythritol phosphate and mevalonate pathways and their evolutionary dynamics. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1211-1226. [PMID: 33538411 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are among the largest and most chemically diverse classes of organic compounds in nature and are involved in the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development, and plant responses to stress. The basic building block units for isoprenoid synthesis-isopentenyl diphosphate and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate-are generated by the mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we summarize recent advances on the roles of the MEP and MVA pathways in plant growth, development and stress responses, and attempt to define the underlying gene networks that orchestrate the MEP and MVA pathways in response to developmental or environmental cues. Through phylogenomic analysis, we also provide a new perspective on the evolution of the plant isoprenoid pathway. We conclude that the presence of the MVA pathway in plants may be associated with the transition from aquatic to subaerial and terrestrial environments, as lineages for its core components are absent in green algae. The emergence of the MVA pathway has acted as a key evolutionary event in plants that facilitated land colonization and subsequent embryo development, as well as adaptation to new and varied environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiumei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zexi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
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20
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Circadian Rhythms in Legumes: What Do We Know and What Else Should We Explore? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094588. [PMID: 33925559 PMCID: PMC8123782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural timing devices of organisms, commonly known as biological clocks, are composed of specific complex folding molecules that interact to regulate the circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms, the changes or processes that follow a 24-h light–dark cycle, while endogenously programmed, are also influenced by environmental factors, especially in sessile organisms such as plants, which can impact ecosystems and crop productivity. Current knowledge of plant clocks emanates primarily from research on Arabidopsis, which identified the main components of the circadian gene regulation network. Nonetheless, there remain critical knowledge gaps related to the molecular components of circadian rhythms in important crop groups, including the nitrogen-fixing legumes. Additionally, little is known about the synergies and trade-offs between environmental factors and circadian rhythm regulation, especially how these interactions fine-tune the physiological adaptations of the current and future crops in a rapidly changing world. This review highlights what is known so far about the circadian rhythms in legumes, which include major as well as potential future pulse crops that are packed with nutrients, particularly protein. Based on existing literature, this review also identifies the knowledge gaps that should be addressed to build a sustainable food future with the reputed “poor man’s meat”.
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21
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Li J, Lu Y, Chen H, Wang L, Wang S, Guo X, Cheng X. Effect of photoperiod on vitamin E and carotenoid biosynthesis in mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts. Food Chem 2021; 358:129915. [PMID: 33933965 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Light affects the accumulation of vitamin E and carotenoids in many crops. This study investigated the impact of photoperiods on the metabolic regulation of vitamin E and carotenoids in mung bean sprouts considering their dietary health benefits. Mung beans were germinated under three different photoperiods: constant light, semilight and constant dark. Results revealed that the semilight photoperiod was optimum for vitamin E and carotenoid accumulation in mung bean sprouts. DXS was activated in the constant dark and was inhibited by constant light. GGPPS and HPT were sensitive to semilight photoperiod in the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway, playing dominant roles in vitamin E accumulation. The PSY, LCYE, LUT5, LUT1 and ZE genes, which are associated with carotenoid biosynthesis, were activated under semilight treatment and significantly regulated the accumulation of carotenoids. This knowledge improves knowledge on light-mediated regulation of vitamin E and carotenoids in mung bean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xuzhen Cheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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22
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Ameztoy K, Sánchez-López ÁM, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Almagro G, Baroja-Fernández E, Gámez-Arcas S, De Diego N, Doležal K, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Alpízar A, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Pozueta-Romero J. Proteostatic Regulation of MEP and Shikimate Pathways by Redox-Activated Photosynthesis Signaling in Plants Exposed to Small Fungal Volatiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637976. [PMID: 33747018 PMCID: PMC7973468 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce volatile compounds (VCs) with molecular masses of less than 300 Da that promote plant growth and photosynthesis. Recently, we have shown that small VCs of less than 45 Da other than CO2 are major determinants of plant responses to fungal volatile emissions. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the plants' responses to small microbial VCs remain unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to small fungal VCs, growth promotion is accompanied by reduction of the thiol redox of Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) enzymes and changes in the levels of shikimate and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway-related compounds. We hypothesized that plants' responses to small microbial VCs involve post-translational modulation of enzymes of the MEP and shikimate pathways via mechanisms involving redox-activated photosynthesis signaling. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses of wild-type (WT) plants and a cfbp1 mutant defective in a redox-regulated isoform of the CBC enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase to small VCs emitted by the fungal phytopathogen Alternaria alternata. Fungal VC-promoted growth and photosynthesis, as well as metabolic and proteomic changes, were substantially weaker in cfbp1 plants than in WT plants. In WT plants, but not in cfbp1 plants, small fungal VCs reduced the levels of both transcripts and proteins of the stromal Clp protease system and enhanced those of plastidial chaperonins and co-chaperonins. Consistently, small fungal VCs promoted the accumulation of putative Clp protease clients including MEP and shikimate pathway enzymes. clpr1-2 and clpc1 mutants with disrupted plastidial protein homeostasis responded weakly to small fungal VCs, strongly indicating that plant responses to microbial volatile emissions require a finely regulated plastidial protein quality control system. Our findings provide strong evidence that plant responses to fungal VCs involve chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling of redox-activated photosynthesis leading to proteostatic regulation of the MEP and shikimate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinia Ameztoy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palackı University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palackı University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ales Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palackı University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Adán Alpízar
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Pozueta-Romero,
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23
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Michael R, Ranjan A, Kumar RS, Pathak PK, Trivedi PK. Light-regulated expression of terpene synthase gene, AtTPS03, is controlled by the bZIP transcription factor, HY5, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:437-443. [PMID: 32703448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The terpenoid pathway serves as an essential source of all isoprenoid precursors and metabolites that are of great pharmacological importance. The major enzymes for the synthesis of these diverse molecules is the terpene synthases (TPSs), which catalyse the final step of the synthesis of the important secondary products, the terpenes. Previous studies have reported that the various environmental factors, including light govern the synthesis of terpenoids. However, the molecular components and steps involved in the regulation of synthesis of these molecules have not been studied in detail. In this study, we report that the light regulates the expression of the members of terpene synthase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (HY5), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, plays a crucial role in light-mediated transcriptional regulation of terpene synthase, AtTPS03. Expression analysis using hy5-215 mutant and HY5 over-expression lines revealed that HY5 acts as a positive regulator of AtTPS03. Additionally, studies including AtTPS03 Promoter::reporter transgenic lines in wild-type and hy5-215, as well as electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), suggest an interaction of HY5 with the AtTPS03 promoter. Together, our analysis indicate the requirement for HY5 for light-mediated regulation of AtTPS03 for the terpenoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Michael
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Avriti Ranjan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pranshu Kumar Pathak
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Hu T, Tong Y, Zhou J, Gao J, Huang L, Gao W. The expression of TwDXS in the MEP pathway specifically affects the accumulation of triptolide. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:40-48. [PMID: 31758560 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is the first enzyme in the plant 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of terpenoid synthesis. TwDXS is a prominent protein in the Tripterygium wilfordii proteome, with especially high expression in the root periderm. It is significantly regulated by methyl jasmonate. Here, we studied the influence of TwDXS expression on bioactive terpenoids in T. wilfordii. Specific fragments of TwDXS (GenBank: AKP20998.1) with lengths of 2148 and 437 bp were amplified to construct the overexpression (OE) and RNA-interference (RNAi) vectors, respectively. After transformation of suspension cells, the expression of TwDXS and genes related to the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway was measured using qRT-PCR. TwDXS mRNA level was 153 and 43% of the control in the OE and RNAi lines. Related genes in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), mevalonic acid (MVA) and downstream pathways showed similar trends to the changes of TwDXS expression. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was employed to measure the accumulation of terpenoids. Importantly, the triptolide content showed significant differences in both the TwDXS OE (222.35% of the control) and RNAi (34.86% of the control). However, there were no obvious changes in the celastrol content. In this study, we verified that the expression of TwDXS affects triptolide but not celastrol in T. wilfordii via both TwDXS OE and RNAi experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiadian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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25
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Lin CY, Eudes A. Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:71. [PMID: 32318116 PMCID: PMC7158082 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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26
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Douma JC, Ganzeveld LN, Unsicker SB, Boeckler GA, Dicke M. What makes a volatile organic compound a reliable indicator of insect herbivory? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3308-3325. [PMID: 31330571 PMCID: PMC6972585 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants that are subject to insect herbivory emit a blend of so-called herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), of which only a few serve as cues for the carnivorous enemies to locate their host. We lack understanding which HIPVs are reliable indicators of insect herbivory. Here, we take a modelling approach to elucidate which physicochemical and physiological properties contribute to the information value of a HIPV. A leaf-level HIPV synthesis and emission model is developed and parameterized to poplar. Next, HIPV concentrations within the canopy are inferred as a function of dispersion, transport and chemical degradation of the compounds. We show that the ability of HIPVs to reveal herbivory varies from almost perfect to no better than chance and interacts with canopy conditions. Model predictions matched well with leaf-emission measurements and field and laboratory assays. The chemical class a compound belongs to predicted the signalling ability of a compound only to a minor extent, whereas compound characteristics such as its reaction rate with atmospheric oxidants, biosynthesis rate upon herbivory and volatility were much more important predictors. This study shows the power of merging fields of plant-insect interactions and atmospheric chemistry research to increase our understanding of the ecological significance of HIPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Douma
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Laurens N. Ganzeveld
- Meteorology and Air Quality, Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - G. Andreas Boeckler
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
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27
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Fürtauer L, Weiszmann J, Weckwerth W, Nägele T. Dynamics of Plant Metabolism during Cold Acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5411. [PMID: 31671650 PMCID: PMC6862541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved strategies to tightly regulate metabolism during acclimation to a changing environment. Low temperature significantly constrains distribution, growth and yield of many temperate plant species. Exposing plants to low but non-freezing temperature induces a multigenic processes termed cold acclimation, which eventually results in an increased freezing tolerance. Cold acclimation comprises reprogramming of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome and affects communication and signaling between subcellular organelles. Carbohydrates play a central role in this metabolic reprogramming. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of carbohydrate metabolism in plant cold acclimation with a focus on subcellular metabolic reprogramming, its thermodynamic constraints under low temperature and mathematical modelling of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fürtauer
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Jakob Weiszmann
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
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28
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Joo Y, Goldberg JK, Chrétien LTS, Kim SG, Baldwin IT, Schuman MC. The circadian clock contributes to diurnal patterns of plant indirect defense in nature. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:924-928. [PMID: 30255554 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant circadian clock regulates the rhythms of plant metabolism. Many herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) fluctuate, diurnally, but the role of the circadian clock in the emission of HIPVs and their ecological consequences remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the timing of herbivore attack can alter the outcome of tri-trophic interactions, and this is mediated by the circadian clock, under both field and glasshouse conditions. Although most HIPV emissions did not have a circadian rhythm, the circadian clock modulated HIPV emissions in a time-dependent manner. HIPVs mediate tri-trophic interactions, and the circadian clock may affect these interactions by modulating HIPV emission in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsung Joo
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jay K Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lucille T S Chrétien
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biology, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS L), 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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29
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García-Gómez P, Almagro G, Sánchez-López ÁM, Bahaji A, Ameztoy K, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Baslam M, Antolín MC, Urdiain A, López-Belchi MD, López-Gómez P, Morán JF, Garrido J, Muñoz FJ, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Volatile compounds other than CO 2 emitted by different microorganisms promote distinct posttranscriptionally regulated responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1729-1746. [PMID: 30480826 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A "box-in-box" cocultivation system was used to investigate plant responses to microbial volatile compounds (VCs) and to evaluate the contributions of organic and inorganic VCs (VOCs and VICs, respectively) to these responses. Arabidopsis plants were exposed to VCs emitted by adjacent Alternaria alternata and Penicillium aurantiogriseum cultures, with and without charcoal filtration. No VOCs were detected in the headspace of growth chambers containing fungal cultures with charcoal filters. However, these growth chambers exhibited elevated CO2 and bioactive CO and NO headspace concentrations. Independently of charcoal filtration, VCs from both fungal phytopathogens promoted growth and distinct developmental changes. Plants cultured at CO2 levels observed in growth boxes containing fungal cultures were identical to those cultured at ambient CO2 . Plants exposed to charcoal-filtered fungal VCs, nonfiltered VCs, or superelevated CO2 levels exhibited transcriptional changes resembling those induced by increased irradiance. Thus, in the "box-in-box" system, (a) fungal VICs other than CO2 and/or VOCs not detected by our analytical systems strongly influence the plants' responses to fungal VCs, (b) different microorganisms release VCs with distinct action potentials, (c) transcriptional changes in VC-exposed plants are mainly due to enhanced photosynthesis signaling, and (d) regulation of some plant responses to fungal VCs is primarily posttranscriptional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | | | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | - Kinia Ameztoy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | | | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - María Carmen Antolín
- Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amadeo Urdiain
- Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Belchi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Avenue Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pedro López-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | - José Fernando Morán
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | - Julián Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra Campus Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Universidad Pública de Navarra Campus Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192, Mutiloabeti, Spain
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Rodriguez-Concepcion M, D'Andrea L, Pulido P. Control of plastidial metabolism by the Clp protease complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2049-2058. [PMID: 30576524 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolism is strongly dependent on plastids. Besides hosting the photosynthetic machinery, these endosymbiotic organelles synthesize starch, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, tetrapyrroles, and isoprenoids. Virtually all enzymes involved in plastid-localized metabolic pathways are encoded by the nuclear genome and imported into plastids. Once there, protein quality control systems ensure proper folding of the mature forms and remove irreversibly damaged proteins. The Clp protease is the main machinery for protein degradation in the plastid stroma. Recent work has unveiled an increasing number of client proteins of this proteolytic complex in plants. Notably, a substantial proportion of these substrates are required for normal chloroplast metabolism, including enzymes involved in the production of essential tetrapyrroles and isoprenoids such as chlorophylls and carotenoids. The Clp protease complex acts in coordination with nuclear-encoded plastidial chaperones for the control of both enzyme levels and proper folding (i.e. activity). This communication involves a retrograde signaling pathway, similarly to the unfolded protein response previously characterized in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Coordinated Clp protease and chaperone activities appear to further influence other plastid processes, such as the differentiation of chloroplasts into carotenoid-accumulating chromoplasts during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio D'Andrea
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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de Souza VF, Niinemets Ü, Rasulov B, Vickers CE, Duvoisin Júnior S, Araújo WL, Gonçalves JFDC. Alternative Carbon Sources for Isoprene Emission. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1081-1101. [PMID: 30472998 PMCID: PMC6354897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other plastidial isoprenoids are produced primarily from recently assimilated photosynthates via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, when environmental conditions limit photosynthesis, a fraction of carbon for MEP pathway can come from extrachloroplastic sources. The flow of extrachloroplastic carbon depends on the species and on leaf developmental and environmental conditions. The exchange of common phosphorylated intermediates between the MEP pathway and other metabolic pathways can occur via plastidic phosphate translocators. C1 and C2 carbon intermediates can contribute to chloroplastic metabolism, including photosynthesis and isoprenoid synthesis. Integration of these metabolic processes provide an example of metabolic flexibility, and results in the synthesis of primary metabolites for plant growth and secondary metabolites for plant defense, allowing effective use of environmental resources under multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil; University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, EcoSciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Chenge-Espinosa M, Cordoba E, Romero-Guido C, Toledo-Ortiz G, León P. Shedding light on the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP)-pathway: long hypocotyl 5 (HY5)/phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) transcription factors modulating key limiting steps. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:828-841. [PMID: 30144333 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is an essential route for plants as the source of precursors for all plastidial isoprenoids, many of which are of medical and biotechnological importance. The MEP pathway is highly sensitive to environmental cues as many of these compounds are linked to photosynthesis and growth and light is one of the main regulatory factors. However, the mechanisms coordinating the MEP pathway with light cues are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that by a differential direct transcriptional modulation, via the key-master integrators of light signal transduction HY5 and PIFs which target the genes that encode the rate-controlling DXS1, DXR and HDR enzymes, light imposes a direct, rapid and potentially multi-faceted response that leads to unique protein dynamics of this pathway, resulting in a significant difference in the protein levels. For DXS1, PIF1/HY5 act as a direct activation/suppression module. In contrast, DXR accumulation in response to light results from HY5 induction with minor contribution of de-repression by PIF1. Finally, HDR transcription increases in the light exclusively by suppression of the PIFs repression. This is an example of how light signaling components can differentially multi-target the initial steps of a pathway whose products branch downstream to all chloroplastic isoprenoids. These findings demonstrate the diversity and flexibility of light signaling components that optimize key biochemical pathways essential for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marel Chenge-Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México
| | - Elizabeth Cordoba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México
| | - Cynthia Romero-Guido
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México
| | | | - Patricia León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México
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Frede K, Schreiner M, Zrenner R, Graefe J, Baldermann S. Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1289-1300. [PMID: 30065986 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered the future of greenhouse lighting. This study investigates the carotenoid concentrations of pak choi sprouts after growth under blue, red and white LEDs at six different time points. Furthermore, the diurnal changes of RNA transcripts of key genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as well as of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) gene and of the transcription factor genes elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) were investigated. The carotenoid concentrations were steady throughout the day, but showed a small maximum in the afternoon. An average total carotenoid concentration of 536 ± 29 ng mg-1 DM produced under white LEDs was measured, which is comparable to previously described field-grown levels. The carotenoid concentrations were slightly lower under blue or red LEDs. Moreover, the diurnal RNA transcript rhythms of most of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes showed an increase during the light period, which can be correlated to the carotenoid maxima in the afternoon. Blue LEDs caused the highest transcriptional induction of biosynthetic genes as well as of CCD4, thereby indicating an increased flux through the pathway. In addition, the highest levels of HY5 transcripts and CCA1 transcripts were determined under blue LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frede
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany.
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Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Avalos J, Bonet ML, Boronat A, Gomez-Gomez L, Hornero-Mendez D, Limon MC, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Palou A, Ribot J, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarias L, Zhu C. A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:62-93. [PMID: 29679619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gomez-Gomez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Damaso Hornero-Mendez
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limon
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Color & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria J Rodrigo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Dalla Costa L, Emanuelli F, Trenti M, Moreno-Sanz P, Lorenzi S, Coller E, Moser S, Slaghenaufi D, Cestaro A, Larcher R, Gribaudo I, Costantini L, Malnoy M, Grando MS. Induction of Terpene Biosynthesis in Berries of Microvine Transformed with VvDXS1 Alleles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2244. [PMID: 29387072 PMCID: PMC5776104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, especially monoterpenes, are major aroma-impact compounds in grape and wine. Previous studies highlighted a key regulatory role for grapevine 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase 1 (VvDXS1), the first enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. Here, the parallel analysis of VvDXS1 genotype and terpene concentration in a germplasm collection demonstrated that VvDXS1 sequence has a very high predictive value for the accumulation of monoterpenes and also has an influence on sesquiterpene levels. A metabolic engineering approach was applied by expressing distinct VvDXS1 alleles in the grapevine model system "microvine" and assessing the effects on downstream pathways at transcriptional and metabolic level in different organs and fruit developmental stages. The underlying goal was to investigate two potential perturbation mechanisms, the former based on a significant over-expression of the wild-type (neutral) VvDXS1 allele and the latter on the ex-novo expression of an enzyme with increased catalytic efficiency from the mutated (muscat) VvDXS1 allele. The integration of the two VvDXS1 alleles in distinct microvine lines was found to alter the expression of several terpenoid biosynthetic genes, as assayed through an ad hoc developed TaqMan array based on cDNA libraries of four aromatic cultivars. In particular, enhanced transcription of monoterpene, sesquiterpene and carotenoid pathway genes was observed. The accumulation of monoterpenes in ripe berries was higher in the transformed microvines compared to control plants. This effect is predominantly attributed to the improved activity of the VvDXS1 enzyme coded by the muscat allele, whereas the up-regulation of VvDXS1 plays a secondary role in the increase of monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Emanuelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Trenti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paula Moreno-Sanz
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Emanuela Coller
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Computational Biology Platform, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Sergio Moser
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Experiment and Technological Services Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Davide Slaghenaufi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Experiment and Technological Services Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Computational Biology Platform, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Experiment and Technological Services Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection—CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Costantini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - M. Stella Grando
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Fürtauer L, Weiszmann J, Weckwerth W, Nägele T. Mathematical Modeling Approaches in Plant Metabolomics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1778:329-347. [PMID: 29761450 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7819-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The experimental analysis of a plant metabolome typically results in a comprehensive and multidimensional data set. To interpret metabolomics data in the context of biochemical regulation and environmental fluctuation, various approaches of mathematical modeling have been developed and have proven useful. In this chapter, a general introduction to mathematical modeling is presented and discussed in context of plant metabolism. A particular focus is laid on the suitability of mathematical approaches to functionally integrate plant metabolomics data in a metabolic network and combine it with other biochemical or physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fürtauer
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Weiszmann
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Austria.
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Yang X, Guo Y, Zhu J, Ma N, Sun T, Liu Z, Li K, Guo X. Associations between the α-terpineol synthase gene and α-terpineol content in different grapevine varieties. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1364978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinshan Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchi Zhu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuwu Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Zheng R, Liu C, Wang Y, Luo J, Zeng X, Ding H, Xiao W, Gan J, Wang C. Expression of MEP Pathway Genes and Non-volatile Sequestration Are Associated with Circadian Rhythm of Dominant Terpenoids Emission in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1869. [PMID: 29163594 PMCID: PMC5670350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is one of the top 10 traditional ornamental flowers in China famous for its unique fragrance. Preliminary study proved that the terpenoids including ionone, linalool, and ocimene and their derivatives are the dominant aroma-active compounds that contribute greatly to the scent bouquet. Pollination observation implies the emission of aromatic terpenoids may follow a circadian rhythm. In this study, we investigated the variation of volatile terpenoids and its potential regulators. The results showed that both volatile and non-volatile terpenoids presented circadian oscillation with high emission or accumulation during the day and low emission or accumulation during the night. The volatile terpenoids always increased to reach their maximum values at 12:00 h, while free and glycosylated compounds continued increasing throughout the day. The depletion of non-volatile pool might provide the substrates for volatile emission at 0:00-6:00, suggesting the sequestration of non-volatile compounds acted like a buffer regulating emission of terpenoids. Further detection of MEP pathway genes demonstrated that their expressions increased significantly in parallel with the evident increase of both volatile and non-volatile terpenoids during the day, indicating that the gene expressions were also closely associated with terpenoid formation. Thus, the expression of MEP pathway genes and internal sequestration both played crucial roles in modulating circadian rhythm of terpenoid emission in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiangling Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiqin Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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Joo Y, Schuman MC, Goldberg JK, Kim S, Yon F, Brütting C, Baldwin IT. Herbivore‐induced volatile blends with both “fast” and “slow” components provide robust indirect defence in nature. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsung Joo
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
| | - Meredith C. Schuman
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Leipzig Germany
| | - Jay K. Goldberg
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
| | - Sang‐Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
| | - Felipe Yon
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
| | - Christoph Brütting
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany
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40
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Llamas E, Pulido P, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Interference with plastome gene expression and Clp protease activity in Arabidopsis triggers a chloroplast unfolded protein response to restore protein homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007022. [PMID: 28937985 PMCID: PMC5627961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of protein homeostasis in chloroplasts impairs the correct functioning of essential metabolic pathways, including the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for the production of plastidial isoprenoids involved in photosynthesis and growth. We previously found that misfolded and aggregated forms of the first enzyme of the MEP pathway are degraded by the Clp protease with the involvement of Hsp70 and Hsp100/ClpC1 chaperones in Arabidopsis thaliana. By contrast, the combined unfolding and disaggregating actions of Hsp70 and Hsp100/ClpB3 chaperones allow solubilization and hence reactivation of the enzyme. The repair pathway is promoted when the levels of ClpB3 proteins increase upon reduction of Clp protease activity in mutants or wild-type plants treated with the chloroplast protein synthesis inhibitor lincomycin (LIN). Here we show that LIN treatment rapidly increases the levels of aggregated proteins in the chloroplast, unleashing a specific retrograde signaling pathway that up-regulates expression of ClpB3 and other nuclear genes encoding plastidial chaperones. As a consequence, folding capacity is increased to restore protein homeostasis. This sort of chloroplast unfolded protein response (cpUPR) mechanism appears to be mediated by the heat shock transcription factor HsfA2. Expression of HsfA2 and cpUPR-related target genes is independent of GUN1, a central integrator of retrograde signaling pathways. However, double mutants defective in both GUN1 and plastome gene expression (or Clp protease activity) are seedling lethal, confirming that the GUN1 protein is essential for protein homeostasis in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Llamas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
In this review, we analyze the enzyme DXS, the first and rate-limiting protein in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. This pathway was discovered in 1996 and is one of two known metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis of the universal building blocks for isoprenoids. It promises to offer new targets for the development of anti-infectives against the human pathogens, malaria or tuberculosis. We mapped the sequence conservation of 1-deoxy-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase on the protein structure and analyzed it in comparison with previously identified druggable pockets. We provide a recent overview of known inhibitors of the enzyme. Taken together, this sets the stage for future structure-based drug design.
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Costantini L, Kappel CD, Trenti M, Battilana J, Emanuelli F, Sordo M, Moretto M, Camps C, Larcher R, Delrot S, Grando MS. Drawing Links from Transcriptome to Metabolites: The Evolution of Aroma in the Ripening Berry of Moscato Bianco ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:780. [PMID: 28559906 PMCID: PMC5432621 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes confer typical floral notes to "Muscat" grapevine varieties and, to a lesser extent, to other aromatic non-Muscat varieties. Previous studies have led to the identification and functional characterization of some enzymes and genes in this pathway. However, the underlying genetic map is still far from being complete. For example, the specific steps of monoterpene metabolism and its regulation are largely unknown. With the aim of identifying new candidates for the missing links, we applied an integrative functional genomics approach based on the targeted metabolic and genome-wide transcript profiling of Moscato Bianco ripening berries. In particular, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free and bound terpenoid compounds was combined with microarray analysis in the skins of berries collected at five developmental stages from pre-veraison to over-ripening. Differentially expressed metabolites and probes were identified in the pairwise comparison between time points by using the early stage as a reference. Metabolic and transcriptomic data were integrated through pairwise correlation and clustering approaches to discover genes linked with particular metabolites or groups of metabolites. These candidate transcripts were further checked for co-localization with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting aromatic compounds. Our findings provide insights into the biological networks of grapevine secondary metabolism, both at the catalytic and regulatory levels. Examples include a nudix hydrolase as component of a terpene synthase-independent pathway for monoterpene biosynthesis, genes potentially involved in monoterpene metabolism (cytochrome P450 hydroxylases, epoxide hydrolases, glucosyltransferases), transport (vesicle-associated proteins, ABCG transporters, glutathione S-transferases, amino acid permeases), and transcriptional control (transcription factors of the ERF, MYB and NAC families, intermediates in light- and circadian cycle-mediated regulation with supporting evidence from the literature and additional regulatory genes with a previously unreported association to monoterpene accumulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costantini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Christian D. Kappel
- UMR Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, University of BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Massimiliano Trenti
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Juri Battilana
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Emanuelli
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sordo
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Computational Biology Platform, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Céline Camps
- UMR Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, University of BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Experiment and Technological Services Department, Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, University of BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Maria S. Grando
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of TrentoSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Tattini M, Sebastiani F, Brunetti C, Fini A, Torre S, Gori A, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Landi M, Guidi L. Dissecting molecular and physiological response mechanisms to high solar radiation in cyanic and acyanic leaves: a case study on red and green basil. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2425-2437. [PMID: 28419325 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic performance and the expression of genes involved in light signaling and the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids were analysed in green ('Tigullio', TIG) and red ('Red Rubin', RR) basil. The aim was to detect the physiological and molecular response mechanisms to high sunlight. The attenuation of blue-green light by epidermal anthocyanins was shown to evoke shade-avoidance responses with consequential effects on leaf morpho-anatomical traits and gas exchange performance. Red basil had a lower mesophyll conductance, partially compensated by the less effective control of stomatal movements, in comparison with TIG. Photosynthesis decreased more in TIG than in RR in high sunlight, because of larger stomatal limitations and the transient impairment of PSII photochemistry. The methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway promoted above all the synthesis and de-epoxidation of violaxanthin-cycle pigments in TIG and of neoxanthin and lutein in RR. This enabled the green leaves to process the excess radiant energy effectively, and the red leaves to optimize light harvesting and photoprotection. The greater stomatal closure observed in TIG than in RR was due to enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) glucose ester deglucosylation and reduced ABA oxidation, rather than to superior de novo ABA synthesis. This study shows a strong competition between anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis, which occurs at the level of genes regulating the oxidation of the C2-C3 bond in the dihydro-flavonoid skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tattini
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Torre
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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44
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Rodriguez-Concepcion M. The methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway as a metabolic crossroad for microbial and plant volatile organic compounds. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2589-2591. [PMID: 27634153 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Sánchez-López ÁM, Baslam M, De Diego N, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Almagro G, Ricarte-Bermejo A, García-Gómez P, Li J, Humplík JF, Novák O, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2592-2608. [PMID: 27092473 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth. Here we show that volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse rhizosphere and non-rhizhosphere bacteria and fungi (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote growth and flowering of various plant species, including crops. In Arabidopsis plants exposed to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, changes included enhancement of photosynthesis and accumulation of high levels of cytokinins (CKs) and sugars. Evidence obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered CK status show that CKs play essential roles in this phenomenon, because growth and flowering responses to the VCs were reduced in mutants with CK-deficiency (35S:AtCKX1) or low receptor sensitivity (ahk2/3). Further, we demonstrate that the plant responses to fungal VCs are light-dependent. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis leaves exposed to A. alternata VCs revealed changes in the expression of light- and CK-responsive genes involved in photosynthesis, growth and flowering. Notably, many genes differentially expressed in plants treated with fungal VCs were also differentially expressed in plants exposed to VCs emitted by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03, suggesting that plants react to microbial VCs through highly conserved regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Jan F Humplík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
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Xu C, Li H, Yang X, Gu C, Mu H, Yue Y, Wang L. Cloning and Expression Analysis of MEP Pathway Enzyme-encoding Genes in Osmanthus fragrans. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7100078. [PMID: 27690108 PMCID: PMC5083917 DOI: 10.3390/genes7100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for the biosynthesis of many crucial secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids, monoterpenes, plastoquinone, and tocopherols. In this study, we isolated and identified 10 MEP pathway genes in the important aromatic plant sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans). Multiple sequence alignments revealed that 10 MEP pathway genes shared high identities with other reported proteins. The genes showed distinctive expression profiles in various tissues, or at different flower stages and diel time points. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that these genes were highly expressed in inflorescences, which suggested a tissue-specific transcript pattern. Our results also showed that OfDXS1, OfDXS2, and OfHDR1 had a clear diurnal oscillation pattern. The isolation and expression analysis provides a strong foundation for further research on the MEP pathway involved in gene function and molecular evolution, and improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying this pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huogeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiulian Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chunsun Gu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hongna Mu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Lianggui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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47
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Simpson K, Quiroz LF, Rodriguez-Concepción M, Stange CR. Differential Contribution of the First Two Enzymes of the MEP Pathway to the Supply of Metabolic Precursors for Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Carrot (Daucus carota). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1344. [PMID: 27630663 PMCID: PMC5005961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments synthesized in plastids from metabolic precursors provided by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. The first two steps in the MEP pathway are catalyzed by the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and reductoisomerase (DXR) enzymes. While DXS has been recently shown to be the main flux-controlling step of the MEP pathway, both DXS and DXR enzymes have been proven to be able to promote an increase in MEP-derived products when overproduced in diverse plant systems. Carrot (Daucus carota) produces photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) in leaves and in light-exposed roots, whereas only carotenoids (mainly α- and β-carotene) accumulate in the storage root in darkness. To evaluate whether DXS and DXR activities influence the production of carotenoids and chlorophylls in carrot leaves and roots, the corresponding Arabidopsis thaliana genes were constitutively expressed in transgenic carrot plants. Our results suggest that DXS is limiting for the production of both carotenoids and chlorophylls in roots and leaves, whereas the regulatory role of DXR appeared to be minor. Interestingly, increased levels of DXS (but not of DXR) resulted in higher transcript abundance of endogenous carrot genes encoding phytoene synthase, the main rate-determining enzyme of the carotenoid pathway. These results support a central role for DXS on modulating the production of MEP-derived precursors to synthesize carotenoids and chlorophylls in carrot, confirming the pivotal relevance of this enzyme to engineer healthier, carotenoid-enriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Simpson
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Luis F. Quiroz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepción
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries–Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Universitat de BarcelonBarcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia R. Stange
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
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48
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Atamian HS, Harmer SL. Circadian regulation of hormone signaling and plant physiology. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:691-702. [PMID: 27061301 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The survival and reproduction of plants depend on their ability to cope with a wide range of daily and seasonal environmental fluctuations during their life cycle. Phytohormones are plant growth regulators that are involved in almost every aspect of growth and development as well as plant adaptation to myriad abiotic and biotic conditions. The circadian clock, an endogenous and cell-autonomous biological timekeeper that produces rhythmic outputs with close to 24-h rhythms, provides an adaptive advantage by synchronizing plant physiological and metabolic processes to the external environment. The circadian clock regulates phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways to generate daily rhythms in hormone activity that fine-tune a range of plant processes, enhancing adaptation to local conditions. This review explores our current understanding of the interplay between the circadian clock and hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagop S Atamian
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Stacey L Harmer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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49
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Pulido P, Llamas E, Llorente B, Ventura S, Wright LP, Rodríguez-Concepción M. Specific Hsp100 Chaperones Determine the Fate of the First Enzyme of the Plastidial Isoprenoid Pathway for Either Refolding or Degradation by the Stromal Clp Protease in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005824. [PMID: 26815787 PMCID: PMC4729485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifespan and activity of proteins depend on protein quality control systems formed by chaperones and proteases that ensure correct protein folding and prevent the formation of toxic aggregates. We previously found that the Arabidopsis thaliana J-protein J20 delivers inactive (misfolded) forms of the plastidial enzyme deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) to the Hsp70 chaperone for either proper folding or degradation. Here we show that the fate of Hsp70-bound DXS depends on pathways involving specific Hsp100 chaperones. Analysis of individual mutants for the four Hsp100 chaperones present in Arabidopsis chloroplasts showed increased levels of DXS proteins (but not transcripts) only in those defective in ClpC1 or ClpB3. However, the accumulated enzyme was active in the clpc1 mutant but inactive in clpb3 plants. Genetic evidence indicated that ClpC chaperones might be required for the unfolding of J20-delivered DXS protein coupled to degradation by the Clp protease. By contrast, biochemical and genetic approaches confirmed that Hsp70 and ClpB3 chaperones interact to collaborate in the refolding and activation of DXS. We conclude that specific J-proteins and Hsp100 chaperones act together with Hsp70 to recognize and deliver DXS to either reactivation (via ClpB3) or removal (via ClpC1) depending on the physiological status of the plastid. In this paper we report a relatively simple mechanism by which plant chloroplasts deal with inactive forms of DXS, the main rate-determining enzyme for the production of plastidial isoprenoids relevant for photosynthesis and development. We provide evidence supporting that particular members of the Hsp100 chaperone family contribute to either refold or degrade inactive DXS proteins specifically recognized by the J-protein adaptor J20 and delivered to Hsp70 chaperones. Our results also unveil a J-protein-based mechanism for substrate delivery to the Clp complex, the main protease in the chloroplast stroma. Together, this work allows a better understanding of how chloroplasts get rid of damaged DXS (and potentially other proteins), which should contribute to take more informed decisions in future approaches aimed to manipulate the levels of plastidial metabolites of interest (including vitamins, biofuels, or drugs against cancer and malaria) in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pulido
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Llamas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Briardo Llorente
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Schuman MC, Valim HA, Joo Y. Temporal Dynamics of Plant Volatiles: Mechanistic Bases and Functional Consequences. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33498-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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