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Mills MB, Both S, Jotan P, Huaraca Huasco W, Cruz R, Pillco MM, Burslem DFRP, Maycock C, Malhi Y, Ewers RM, Berrio JC, Kaduk J, Page S, Robert R, Teh YA, Riutta T. From tree to plot: investigating stem CO 2 efflux and its drivers along a logging gradient in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39148398 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Stem respiration constitutes a substantial proportion of autotrophic respiration in forested ecosystems, but its drivers across different spatial scales and land-use gradients remain poorly understood. This study quantifies and examines the impact of logging disturbance on stem CO2 efflux (EA) in Malaysian Borneo. EA was quantified at tree- and stand-level in nine 1-ha plots over a logging gradient from heavily logged to old-growth using the static chamber method. Tree-level results showed higher EA per unit stem area in logged vs old-growth plots (37.0 ± 1.1 vs 26.92 ± 1.14 g C m-2 month-1). However, at stand-level, there was no difference in EA between logged and old-growth plots (6.7 ± 1.1 vs 6.0 ± 0.7 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) due to greater stem surface area in old-growth plots. Allocation to growth respiration and carbon use efficiency was significantly higher in logged plots. Variation in EA at both tree- and stand-level was driven by tree size, growth and differences in investment strategies between the forest types. These results reflect different resource allocation strategies and priorities, with a priority for growth in response to increased light availability in logged plots, while old-growth plots prioritise maintenance and cell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Mills
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sabine Both
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Palasiah Jotan
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasco
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Rudi Cruz
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, 15088, Peru
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, 08003, Peru
| | - Milenka M Pillco
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, 08003, Peru
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Colin Maycock
- University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, London, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Berrio
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jörg Kaduk
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Susan Page
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Rolando Robert
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sandakan, Sabah, 90715, Malaysia
| | - Yit A Teh
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 4LB, UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, London, SL5 7PY, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UK CEH), Lancaster, OX10 8BB, UK
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2
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Zhao Y, Chen H, Sun H, Yang F. In the Qaidam Basin, Soil Nutrients Directly or Indirectly Affect Desert Ecosystem Stability under Drought Stress through Plant Nutrients. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1849. [PMID: 38999689 PMCID: PMC11244565 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The low nutrient content of soil in desert ecosystems results in unique physiological and ecological characteristics of plants under long-term water and nutrient stress, which is the basis for the productivity and stability maintenance of the desert ecosystem. However, the relationship between the soil and the plant nutrient elements in the desert ecosystem and its mechanism for maintaining ecosystem stability is still unclear. In this study, 35 sampling sites were established in an area with typical desert vegetation in the Qaidam Basin, based on a drought gradient. A total of 90 soil samples and 100 plant samples were collected, and the soil's physico-chemical properties, as well as the nutrient elements in the plant leaves, were measured. Regression analysis, redundancy analysis (RDA), the Theil-Sen Median and Mann-Kendall methods, the structural equation model (SEM), and other methods were employed to analyze the distribution characteristics of the soil and plant nutrient elements along the drought gradient and the relationship between the soil and leaf nutrient elements and its impact on ecosystem stability. The results provided the following conclusions: Compared with the nutrient elements in plant leaves, the soil's nutrient elements had a more obvious regularity of distribution along the drought gradient. A strong correlation was observed between the soil and leaf nutrient elements, with soil organic carbon and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen identified as important factors influencing the leaf nutrient content. The SEM showed that the soil's organic carbon had a positive effect on ecosystem stability by influencing the leaf carbon, while the soil's available phosphorus and the mean annual temperature had a direct positive effect on stability, and the soil's total nitrogen had a negative effect on stability. In general, the soil nutrient content was high in areas with a low mean annual temperature and high precipitation, and the ecosystem stability in the area distribution of typical desert vegetation in the Qaidam Basin was low. These findings reveal that soil nutrients affect the stability of desert ecosystems directly or indirectly through plant nutrients in the Qaidam Basin, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of desert ecosystems with the background of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change, School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (F.Y.)
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3
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Dossa GGO, Li HL, Pan B, Ling TC, Schaefer DA, Roeder M, Njoroge DM, Zuo J, Song L, Ofosu-Bamfo B, Schnitzer SA, Harrison RD, Bongers F, Zhang JL, Cao KF, Powers JS, Fan ZX, Chen YJ, Corlett RT, Zotz G, Oleksyn J, Wyka TP, Codjia JEI, Cornelissen JHC. Effects of lianas on forest biogeochemistry during their lives and afterlives. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17274. [PMID: 38605677 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances are increasing liana abundance and biomass in many tropical and subtropical forests. While the effects of living lianas on species diversity, ecosystem carbon, and nutrient dynamics are receiving increasing attention, the role of dead lianas in forest ecosystems has been little studied and is poorly understood. Trees and lianas coexist as the major woody components of forests worldwide, but they have very different ecological strategies, with lianas relying on trees for mechanical support. Consequently, trees and lianas have evolved highly divergent stem, leaf, and root traits. Here we show that this trait divergence is likely to persist after death, into the afterlives of these organs, leading to divergent effects on forest biogeochemistry. We introduce a conceptual framework combining horizontal, vertical, and time dimensions for the effects of liana proliferation and liana tissue decomposition on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. We propose a series of empirical studies comparing traits between lianas and trees to answer questions concerning the influence of trait afterlives on the decomposability of liana and tree organs. Such studies will increase our understanding of the contribution of lianas to terrestrial biogeochemical cycling, and help predict the effects of their increasing abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Tial C Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Douglas A Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Rastatt, Germany
| | - Denis M Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wyka
- General Botany Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean Evans Israel Codjia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP, Benin
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Torres-Ruiz JM, Cochard H, Delzon S, Boivin T, Burlett R, Cailleret M, Corso D, Delmas CEL, De Caceres M, Diaz-Espejo A, Fernández-Conradi P, Guillemot J, Lamarque LJ, Limousin JM, Mantova M, Mencuccini M, Morin X, Pimont F, De Dios VR, Ruffault J, Trueba S, Martin-StPaul NK. Plant hydraulics at the heart of plant, crops and ecosystem functions in the face of climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:984-999. [PMID: 38098153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant hydraulics is crucial for assessing the plants' capacity to extract and transport water from the soil up to their aerial organs. Along with their capacity to exchange water between plant compartments and regulate evaporation, hydraulic properties determine plant water relations, water status and susceptibility to pathogen attacks. Consequently, any variation in the hydraulic characteristics of plants is likely to significantly impact various mechanisms and processes related to plant growth, survival and production, as well as the risk of biotic attacks and forest fire behaviour. However, the integration of hydraulic traits into disciplines such as plant pathology, entomology, fire ecology or agriculture can be significantly improved. This review examines how plant hydraulics can provide new insights into our understanding of these processes, including modelling processes of vegetation dynamics, illuminating numerous perspectives for assessing the consequences of climate change on forest and agronomic systems, and addressing unanswered questions across multiple areas of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | | | - Regis Burlett
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Déborah Corso
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Chloé E L Delmas
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, 41012, Spain
| | | | - Joannes Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 05508-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Marylou Mantova
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Victor Resco De Dios
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- JRU CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
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5
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González-Melo A, Posada JM, Beauchêne J, Lehnebach R, Levionnois S, Derroire G, Clair B. The links between wood traits and species demography change during tree development in a lowland tropical rainforest. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plad090. [PMID: 38249523 PMCID: PMC10799319 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
One foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that traits can predict species demography. However, the links between traits and demographic rates are, in general, not as strong as expected. These weak associations may be due to the use of traits that are distantly related to performance, and/or the lack of consideration of size-related variations in both traits and demographic rates. Here, we examined how wood traits were related to demographic rates in 19 tree species from a lowland forest in eastern Amazonia. We measured 11 wood traits (i.e. structural, anatomical and chemical traits) in sapling, juvenile and adult wood; and related them to growth and mortality rates (MR) at different ontogenetic stages. The links between wood traits and demographic rates changed during tree development. At the sapling stage, relative growth rates (RGR) were negatively related to wood specific gravity (WSG) and total parenchyma fractions, while MR decreased with radial parenchyma fractions, but increased with vessel lumen area (VA). Juvenile RGR were unrelated to wood traits, whereas juvenile MR were negatively related to WSG and axial parenchyma fractions. At the adult stage, RGR scaled with VA and wood potassium concentrations. Adult MR were not predicted by any trait. Overall, the strength of the trait-demography associations decreased at later ontogenetic stages. Our results indicate that the associations between traits and demographic rates can change as trees age. Also, wood chemical or anatomical traits may be better predictors of growth and MR than WSG. Our findings are important to expand our knowledge on tree life-history variations and community dynamics in tropical forests, by broadening our understanding on the links between wood traits and demography during tree development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés González-Melo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Avenida carrera 24 # 63C-69. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Posada
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Avenida carrera 24 # 63C-69. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jacques Beauchêne
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97337, France
| | - Romain Lehnebach
- CNRS, Laboratory of Botany and Modeling of Plant Architecture and Vegetation (UMR AMAP), 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastian Levionnois
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Universite de Guyane, Kourou, 97310France
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97337, France
| | - Bruno Clair
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Universite de Guyane, Kourou, 97310France
- Laboratoire de Mécanique de Génie Civil (LMGC), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34000, France
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6
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Aoyagi R, Condit R, Turner BL. Breakdown of the growth-mortality trade-off along a soil phosphorus gradient in a diverse tropical forest. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231348. [PMID: 37817599 PMCID: PMC10565392 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecological paradigm predicts that plant species adapted to low resource availability grow slower and live longer than those adapted to high resource availability when growing together. We tested this by using hierarchical Bayesian analysis to quantify variations in growth and mortality of ca 40 000 individual trees from greater than 400 species in response to limiting resources in the tropical forests of Panama. In contrast to theoretical expectations of the growth-mortality paradigm, we find that tropical tree species restricted to low-phosphorus soils simultaneously achieve faster growth rates and lower mortality rates than species restricted to high-phosphorus soils. This result demonstrates that adaptation to phosphorus limitation in diverse plant communities modifies the growth-mortality trade-off, with important implications for understanding long-term ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Aoyagi
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532-1293, USA
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7
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Wang X, Ji M, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Akram MA, Dong L, Hu W, Xiong J, Sun Y, Li H, Degen AA, Ran J, Deng J. Plant trait networks reveal adaptation strategies in the drylands of China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:266. [PMID: 37202776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants accomplish multiple functions by the interrelationships between functional traits. Clarifying the complex relationships between plant traits would enable us to better understand how plants employ different strategies to adapt to the environment. Although increasing attention is being paid to plant traits, few studies focused on the adaptation to aridity through the relationship among multiple traits. We established plant trait networks (PTNs) to explore the interdependence of sixteen plant traits across drylands. RESULTS Our results revealed significant differences in PTNs among different plant life-forms and different levels of aridity. Trait relationships for woody plants were weaker, but were more modularized than for herbs. Woody plants were more connected in economic traits, whereas herbs were more connected in structural traits to reduce damage caused by drought. Furthermore, the correlations between traits were tighter with higher edge density in semi-arid than in arid regions, suggesting that resource sharing and trait coordination are more advantageous under low drought conditions. Importantly, our results demonstrated that stem phosphorus concentration (SPC) was a hub trait correlated with other traits across drylands. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that plants exhibited adaptations to the arid environment by adjusting trait modules through alternative strategies. PTNs provide a new insight into understanding the adaptation strategies of plants to drought stress based on the interdependence among plant functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingfei Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-Route Project of South-North Water Diversion of Henan Province, College of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weigang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junlan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hailin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410500, Israel
| | - Jinzhi Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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8
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Huang X, Lu Z, Xu X, Wan F, Liao J, Wang J. Global distributions of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus resorption in forest ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162075. [PMID: 36758701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption is an important mechanism for nutrient conservation and can maintain ecosystem stoichiometry. Here, we examined the global-scale variation of nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) and phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) by analyzing observations from 218 published papers. We used Pagel's λ to test the phylogenetic limitation on NRE and PRE and applied the random forest model to assess biotic and abiotic drivers, which included climate, soil, species characteristics, and topographical factors, and predicted the global NRE and PRE distributions. We found that NRE and PRE had oppositing trends among climatic zones, plant functional groups, and foliar nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratios. Nutrient resorption was higher in ectomycorrhizal trees than in arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. Moreover, foliar NRE and PRE were not linked to phylogeny. On average, the random forest overall explained 38 % (21 %-55 %) variation in NRE and 36 % (16 %-55 %) variation in PRE. Both NRE and PRE varied greatly with climate and soil organic carbon (SOC). The spatial variation of NRE and PRE was coupled to N-limitation and P-limitation, respectively. Our evaluation of the factors that influenced NRE and PRE and their global distributions, and our novel approach for evaluating plant utilization of nutrients, advances our understanding of the relative stability of ecosystem randomness in forest ecosystems and the global forest nutrient cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Huang
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouying Lu
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoniu Xu
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fangfang Wan
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Boeschoten LE, Sass-Klaassen U, Vlam M, Comans RNJ, Koopmans GF, Meyer-Sand BRV, Tassiamba SN, Tchamba MT, Zanguim HT, Zemtsa PT, Zuidema PA. Clay and soil organic matter drive wood multi-elemental composition of a tropical tree species: Implications for timber tracing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157877. [PMID: 35944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forensic methods to independently trace timber origin are essential to combat illegal timber trade. Tracing product origin by analysing their multi-element composition has been successfully applied in several commodities, but its potential for timber is not yet known. To evaluate this potential the drivers of wood multi-elemental composition need to be studied. Here we report on the first study relating wood multi-elemental composition of forest trees to soil chemical and physical properties. We studied the reactive soil element pools and the multi-elemental composition in sapwood and heartwood for 37 Azobé (Lophira alata) trees at two forest sites in Cameroon. A total of 46 elements were measured using ICP-MS. We also measured three potential drivers of soil and wood elemental composition: clay content, soil organic matter and pH. We tested associations between soil and wood using multiple regressions and multivariate analyses (Mantel test, db-RDA). Finally, we performed a Random Forest analysis of heartwood elemental composition to check site assignment accuracy. We found elemental compositions of soil, sapwood and heartwood to be significantly associated. Soil clay content and organic matter positively influenced individual element concentrations (for 13 and 9 elements out of 46 respectively) as well as the multi-elemental composition in wood. However, associations between wood and topsoil elemental concentrations were only significant for one element. We found close associations between element concentrations and composition in sapwood and heartwood. Lastly, the Random Forest assignment success was 97.3 %. Our findings indicate that wood elemental composition is associated with that in the topsoil and its variation is related to soil clay and organic matter content. These associations suggests that the multi-elemental composition of wood can yield chemical fingerprints obtained from sites that differ in soil properties. This finding in addition to the high assignment accuracy shows potential of multi-element analysis for tracing wood origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Boeschoten
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Forest and Nature Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Rob N J Comans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin F Koopmans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steve N Tassiamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Martin T Tchamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Herman T Zanguim
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pascaline T Zemtsa
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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10
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Zhao W, Xiao C, Li M, Xu L, Li X, He N. Spatial variation and allocation of sulfur among major plant organs in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157155. [PMID: 35798121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is a functional element that plays an important role in abiotic stress resistance and environmental adaptation in plants. However, knowledge of the biogeographic patterns of S among major plant organs remains limited. We conducted a methodologically consistent field survey of 2745 plant species across 78 typical communities throughout China. From this, we constructed a new matched database of S content in leaves, twigs, trunks, and roots to explore S allocation strategies in plants to better understand the regulatory mechanisms on a large scale. The average S content in leaves, twigs, trunks, and roots of plants in China was 2.32 ± 0.04, 1.13 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.01, and 1.23 ± 0.02 g kg-1, respectively. S content was significantly higher in leaves than in other organs, and S content of plants in deserts was higher than that of plants in forests and grasslands. S content changed faster in roots and showed divergent allocation relationships among organs across communities at different scales. Climate and soil properties jointly regulated the spatial variation and allocation relationships of S among different organs. This study further broadens our understanding of the biological functions of S and their role in the interactions between plants and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunwang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China.
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11
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Wang X, Wang R, Gao J. Precipitation and soil nutrients determine the spatial variability of grassland productivity at large scales in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996313. [PMID: 36160972 PMCID: PMC9505511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in net primary productivity (NPP) to global change have been studied, yet the relative impacts of global change on grassland productivity at large scales remain poorly understood. Using 182 grassland samples established in 17 alpine meadows (AM) and 21 desert steppes (DS) in China, we show that NPP of AM was significantly higher than that of DS. NPP increased significantly with increasing leaf nitrogen content (LN) and leaf phosphorus content (LP) but decreased significantly with increasing leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Among all abiotic factors, soil nutrient factor was the dominant factor affecting the variation of NPP of AM, while the NPP of DS was mainly influenced by the changing of precipitation. All abiotic factors accounted for 62.4% of the spatial variation in the NPP of AM, which was higher than the ability to explain the spatial variation in the NPP of DS (43.5%). Leaf traits together with soil nutrients and climatic factors determined the changes of the grassland productivity, but the relative contributions varied somewhat among different grassland types. We quantified the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on grassland NPP, and provided theoretical guidance for predicting the impacts of global change on the NPP of grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Reichert T, Rammig A, Fuchslueger L, Lugli LF, Quesada CA, Fleischer K. Plant phosphorus-use and -acquisition strategies in Amazonia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1126-1143. [PMID: 35060130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the tropical rainforest of Amazonia, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients controlling forest dynamics, but its effects on the future of the forest biomass carbon (C) storage under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations remain uncertain. Soils in vast areas of Amazonia are P-impoverished, and little is known about the variation or plasticity in plant P-use and -acquisition strategies across space and time, hampering the accuracy of projections in vegetation models. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of leaf P resorption, fine-root P foraging, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, and root acid phosphatase and organic acid exudation and discuss how these strategies vary with soil P concentrations and in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 . We identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways forward to fill those gaps. Additionally, we propose a conceptual framework for the variations in plant P-use and -acquisition strategies along soil P gradients of Amazonia. We suggest that in soils with intermediate to high P concentrations, at the plant community level, investments are primarily directed to P foraging strategies via roots and arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas in soils with intermediate to low P concentrations, investments shift to prioritize leaf P resorption and mining strategies via phosphatases and organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Reichert
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anja Rammig
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Laynara F Lugli
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- Department Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
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13
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Guillemot J, Martin-StPaul NK, Bulascoschi L, Poorter L, Morin X, Pinho BX, le Maire G, R L Bittencourt P, Oliveira RS, Bongers F, Brouwer R, Pereira L, Gonzalez Melo GA, Boonman CCF, Brown KA, Cerabolini BEL, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Schneider JV, Sheremetiev S, Brancalion PHS. Small and slow is safe: On the drought tolerance of tropical tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2622-2638. [PMID: 35007364 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how evolutionary history and the coordination between trait trade-off axes shape the drought tolerance of trees is crucial to predict forest dynamics under climate change. Here, we compiled traits related to drought tolerance and the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trade-off axes in 601 tropical woody species to explore their covariations and phylogenetic signals. We found that xylem resistance to embolism (P50) determines the risk of hydraulic failure, while the functional significance of leaf turgor loss point (TLP) relies on its coordination with water use strategies. P50 and TLP exhibit weak phylogenetic signals and substantial variation within genera. TLP is closely associated with the fast-slow trait axis: slow species maintain leaf functioning under higher water stress. P50 is associated with both the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trait axes: slow and small species exhibit more resistant xylem. Lower leaf phosphorus concentration is associated with more resistant xylem, which suggests a (nutrient and drought) stress-tolerance syndrome in the tropics. Overall, our results imply that (1) drought tolerance is under strong selective pressure in tropical forests, and TLP and P50 result from the repeated evolutionary adaptation of closely related taxa, and (2) drought tolerance is coordinated with the ecological strategies governing tropical forest demography. These findings provide a physiological basis to interpret the drought-induced shift toward slow-growing, smaller, denser-wooded trees observed in the tropics, with implications for forest restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Bulascoschi
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Brouwer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Towards a More Realistic Simulation of Plant Species with a Dynamic Vegetation Model Using Field-Measured Traits: The Atlas Cedar, a Case Study. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Improving the model-based predictions of plant species under a projected climate is essential to better conserve our biodiversity. However, the mechanistic link between climatic variation and plant response at the species level remains relatively poorly understood and not accurately developed in Dynamic Vegetation Models (DVMs). We investigated the acclimation to climate of Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar), an endemic endangered species from northwestern African mountains, in order to improve the ability of a DVM to simulate tree growth under climatic gradients. Our results showed that the specific leaf area, leaf C:N and sapwood C:N vary across the range of the species in relation to climate. Using the model parameterized with the three traits varying with climate could improve the simulated local net primary productivity (NPP) when compared to the model parameterized with fixed traits. Quantifying the influence of climate on traits and including these variations in DVMs could help to better anticipate the consequences of climate change on species dynamics and distributions. Additionally, the simulation with computed traits showed dramatic drops in NPP over the course of the 21st century. This finding is in line with other studies suggesting the decline in the species in the Rif Mountains, owing to increasing water stress.
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15
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Bauters M, Grau O, Doetterl S, Heineman KD, Dalling JW, Prada CM, Griepentrog M, Malhi Y, Riutta T, Scalon M, Oliveras I, Inagawa T, Majalap N, Beeckman H, Van den Bulcke J, Perring MP, Dourdain A, Hérault B, Vermeir P, Makelele IA, Fernández PR, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA. Tropical wood stores substantial amounts of nutrients, but we have limited understanding why. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology – CAVElab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Soil Resources Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katherine D. Heineman
- Center for Plant Conservation Escondido California USA
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research Escondido California USA
| | - James W. Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology and Program for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Cecilia M. Prada
- Department of Plant Biology and Program for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Marco Griepentrog
- Soil Resources Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Biogeoscience Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Marina Scalon
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Takeshi Inagawa
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Noreen Majalap
- Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre Sabah Malaysia
| | | | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent‐Woodlab ‐ Laboratory of Wood Technology Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Michael P. Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) Environment Centre Wales Bangor Gwynedd UK
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- CIRAD UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane Kourou French Guiana France
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD UPR Forêts et Sociétés Yamoussoukro Côte d’Ivoire
- Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier France
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët‐Boigny, INP‐HB Yamoussoukro Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analyses – LCA Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Isaac A. Makelele
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Pere R. Fernández
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
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16
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Richmond IC, Balluffi-Fry J, Vander Wal E, Leroux SJ, Rizzuto M, Heckford TR, Kennah JL, Riefesel GR, Wiersma YF. Individual snowshoe hares manage risk differently: integrating stoichiometric distribution models and foraging ecology. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Herbivores making space use decisions must consider the trade-off between perceived predation risk and forage quality. Herbivores, specifically snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), must constantly navigate landscapes that vary in predation risk and food quality, providing researchers with the opportunity to explore the factors that govern their foraging decisions. Herein, we tested predictions that intersect the risk allocation hypothesis (RAH) and optimal foraging theory (OFT) in a spatially explicit ecological stoichiometry framework to assess the trade-off between predation risk and forage quality. We used individual and population estimates of snowshoe hare (n = 29) space use derived from biotelemetry across three summers. We evaluated resource forage quality for lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), a common and readily available forage species within our system, using carbon:nitrogen and carbon:phosphorus ratios. We used habitat complexity to proxy perceived predation risk. We analyzed how forage quality of blueberry, perceived predation risk, and their interaction impact the intensity of herbivore space use. We used generalized mixed effects models, structured to enable us to make inferences at the population and individual home range level. We did not find support for RAH and OFT. However, variation in the individual-level reactions norms in our models showed that individual hares have unique responses to forage quality and perceived predation risk. Our finding of individual-level responses indicates that there is fine-scale decision-making by hares, although we did not identify the mechanism. Our approach illustrates spatially explicit empirical support for individual behavioral responses to the food quality–predation risk trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Richmond
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Juliana Balluffi-Fry
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Shawn J Leroux
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Matteo Rizzuto
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Travis R Heckford
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Joanie L Kennah
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Gabrielle R Riefesel
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Yolanda F Wiersma
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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17
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Dutta S, Pal S, Sharma RK, Panwar P, Kant V, Khola OPS. Implication of Wood-Derived Hierarchical Carbon Nanotubes for Micronutrient Delivery and Crop Biofortification. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23654-23665. [PMID: 34568645 PMCID: PMC8459368 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A similarity of metal alloy encapsulation with the micronutrient loading in carbon nanoarchitecture can be fueled by exploring carbon nanocarriers to load micronutrient and controlled delivery for crop biofortification. A wood-derived nanoarchitecture model contains a few-graphene-layer that holds infiltrated alloy nanoparticles. Such wood-driven carbonized framework materials with legions of open porous architectures and minimized-tortuosity units further decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which originate from heat treatment to carbonized wood samples. These wood-derived samples can alleviate micronutrient nanoparticle permeation and delivery to the soil. A rapid heat shock treatment can help in distributing N-C-NiFe metal alloy encapsulation in carbon frameworks uniformly in that case; higher heating and rapid extinction of heat shock have led to formation of good dispersion of nanoparticles. The wood-carbon framework decorated with metal alloys displays promising electrocatalytic features and cyclic stability for hydrogen evolution. Envisaged from this strategy, we obtain enough evidence to form an opinion that a singular heat shock process can even lead to a strategy of faster growth of a wood-carbon network with well-dispersed micronutrient metal salts in porous matrices for high-efficiency delivery to the soil. Having envisaged the formation of ultrafine nanoparticles with a good dispersion profile in the case of transition metals and alloy encapsulation in the carbon network due to the rapid heating and quenching rates, we anticipate that the loading of micronutrients in the wood-derived nanoarchitecture of carbonized wood derived carbon nanotube (CW-CNT), which can offer an application in seed germination and enhance growth rates of crops. The experience of controlled experiments on germination of tomato seeds on a medium containing CW-CNT that can diffuse the seed coat with the promotion of water uptake inside seeds for enhanced germination and growth of tomato seedlings can be further extended to cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Amity
Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sharmistha Pal
- ICAR-Indian
Institute of Soil & Water Conservation Research Center Sector 27 A Madhya Marg Chandigarh 160019, India
| | - Rakesh K. Sharma
- Sustainable
Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Panwar
- ICAR-Indian
Institute of Soil & Water Conservation Research Center Sector 27 A Madhya Marg Chandigarh 160019, India
| | - Vishav Kant
- Sustainable
Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Om Pal Singh Khola
- ICAR-Indian
Institute of Soil & Water Conservation Research Center Sector 27 A Madhya Marg Chandigarh 160019, India
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18
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Urbina I, Grau O, Sardans J, Margalef O, Peguero G, Asensio D, LLusià J, Ogaya R, Gargallo‐Garriga A, Van Langenhove L, Verryckt LT, Courtois EA, Stahl C, Soong JL, Chave J, Hérault B, Janssens IA, Sayer E, Peñuelas J. High foliar K and P resorption efficiencies in old-growth tropical forests growing on nutrient-poor soils. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8969-8982. [PMID: 34257939 PMCID: PMC8258221 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorption is the active withdrawal of nutrients before leaf abscission. This mechanism represents an important strategy to maintain efficient nutrient cycling; however, resorption is poorly characterized in old-growth tropical forests growing in nutrient-poor soils. We investigated nutrient resorption from leaves in 39 tree species in two tropical forests on the Guiana Shield, French Guiana, to investigate whether resorption efficiencies varied with soil nutrient, seasonality, and species traits. The stocks of P in leaves, litter, and soil were low at both sites, indicating potential P limitation of the forests. Accordingly, mean resorption efficiencies were higher for P (35.9%) and potassium (K; 44.6%) than for nitrogen (N; 10.3%). K resorption was higher in the wet (70.2%) than in the dry (41.7%) season. P resorption increased slightly with decreasing total soil P; and N and P resorptions were positively related to their foliar concentrations. We conclude that nutrient resorption is a key plant nutrition strategy in these old-growth tropical forests, that trees with high foliar nutrient concentration reabsorb more nutrient, and that nutrients resorption in leaves, except P, are quite decoupled from nutrients in the soil. Seasonality and biochemical limitation played a role in the resorption of nutrients in leaves, but species-specific requirements obscured general tendencies at stand and ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigenia Urbina
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Oriol Grau
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- CIRADUMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Univ Antilles, Univ. Guyane)KourouFrench Guiana
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Olga Margalef
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Guillermo Peguero
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Joan LLusià
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Albert Gargallo‐Garriga
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Department of BiologyCentre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Lore T. Verryckt
- Department of BiologyCentre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Elodie A. Courtois
- CIRADUMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Univ Antilles, Univ. Guyane)KourouFrench Guiana
| | - Clément Stahl
- CIRADUMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Univ Antilles, Univ. Guyane)KourouFrench Guiana
| | - Jennifer L. Soong
- Climate and Ecosystem Science DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité BiologiqueUMR5174CNRS–Université Paul Sabatier–IRDToulouse cedex 9France
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, UR Forêts & SociétésUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët‐Boigny (INP‐HB)YamoussoukroIvory Coast
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of BiologyCentre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Emma Sayer
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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19
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Zhang Z, Tariq A, Zeng F, Graciano C, Zhang B. Nitrogen application mitigates drought-induced metabolic changes in Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings by regulating nutrient and biomass allocation patterns. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:828-841. [PMID: 32882620 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater and its associated nutrients sustain the establishment and persistence of phreatophytes. Rapid root elongation immediately after germination is vital for desert species to access deep water sources to avoid water-deficit stress. However, the growth strategy and responses to nutrients and water of young phreatophyte seedlings before their roots reach the water table are poorly understood, especially in the scenarios of nitrogen (N) deposition and drought. We investigated how simulated N deposition and drought affect the plasticity of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings by multiple eco-physiological mechanisms. Seedlings were planted under drought-stressed or well-watered conditions and subjected to various levels of N addition (0, 3.0, 6.0, or 9.0 gN·m-2 yr-1). The amounts of N and water independently or interactively affected the photosynthetic traits, drought tolerance characteristics, morphological traits, biomass allocation strategy, and nutrient distribution patterns among the plant organs. Moreover, changes mediated by N addition at the leaf level reflected the drought acclimation of the seedlings, which may be related to biomass and nutrient partitioning between organs. The roots were found to be more sensitive to variation of the N:phosphorus (P) ratio, and greater proportions of biomass, N, and P were allocated to resource-acquiring organs (i.e., leaves and fine roots) than to other tissues. A. sparsifolia adopts numerous strategies to tolerate drought, and additional N input was crucial to enhance the growth of drought-stressed A. sparsifolia, which was mainly attributable to its positive impact on the N and P uptake capacity mediated by increased biomass allocation to the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
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20
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Ferrer A, Heath KD, Canam T, Flores HD, Dalling JW. Contribution of fungal and invertebrate communities to wood decay in tropical terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Ecology 2020; 101:e03097. [PMID: 32415862 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Wood is a major carbon input into aquatic ecosystems and is thought to decay slowly, yet surprisingly little terrestrial carbon accumulates in marine sediments. A better mechanistic understanding of how habitat conditions and decomposer communities influence wood decay processes along the river-estuary-ocean continuum can address this seeming paradox. We measured mass loss, wood element, and polymer concentrations, quantified invertebrate-induced decay, and sequenced fungal communities associated with replicate sections of Guazuma branch wood submerged in freshwater, estuarine, and near-shore marine habitats and placed on the soil surface in nearby terrestrial habitats in three watersheds in the tropical eastern Pacific. Over 15 months, we found that wood decayed at similar rates in estuarine, marine, and terrestrial sites, reflecting the combined activity of invertebrate and microbial decomposers. In contrast, in the absence of shipworms (Teredinidae), which accounted for ~40% of wood mass loss in the estuarine habitats, decay proceeded more slowly in freshwater. Over the experiment, wood element chemistry diverged among freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats, due to differences in both nutrient losses (e.g., potassium and phosphorus) and gains (e.g., calcium and aluminum) through decay. Similarly, we observed changes in wood polymer content, with the highest losses of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin moieties in the marine habitat. Aquatic fungal communities were strongly dominated by ascomycetes (88-99% of taxa), compared to terrestrial communities (55% ascomycetes). Large differences in fungal diversity were also observed across habitats with threefold higher richness in terrestrial than freshwater habitats and twofold higher diversity in freshwater than estuarine/marine habitats. Divergent decay trajectories across habitats were associated with widespread order-level differences in fungal composition, with distinct communities found in freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats. However, few individual taxa that were significantly associated with mass loss were broadly distributed, suggesting a high level of functional redundancy. The rapid processing of wood entering tropical rivers by microbes and invertebrates, comparable to that on land, indicates that estuaries and coastal oceans are hotspots not just for the processing of particulate and dissolved organic carbon, but also for woody debris and for the breakdown of lignin, the most recalcitrant polymer in plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Ferrer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Katy D Heath
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Thomas Canam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, 61920, USA
| | - Hector D Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, 61920, USA
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, Ancon, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
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21
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Tsujii Y, Aiba S, Kitayama K. Phosphorus allocation to and resorption from leaves regulate the residence time of phosphorus in above‐ground forest biomass on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐kuKyoto Japan
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Aiba
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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22
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Kotowska MM, Wright IJ, Westoby M. Parenchyma Abundance in Wood of Evergreen Trees Varies Independently of Nutrients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32180778 PMCID: PMC7045414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of living cells in wood-mainly as interconnected axial and ray parenchyma networks-varies widely between species. However, the functional significance of this variation and its role in plant ecological strategies is poorly understood, as is the extent to which different parenchyma fractions are favored in relation to soil nutrients and hydraulic functions. We analyzed wood tissue fractions of 16 Australian angiosperm species sampled from two nearby areas with similar climate but very different soil nutrient profiles and investigated structure-function links with soil and tissue nutrient concentrations and other plant traits. We expected the variation in parenchyma fractions to influence nutrient concentrations in wood xylem, and to find species with lower parenchyma fractions and accordingly lower nutrient requirements on lower-nutrient soils. Surprisingly, both axial and ray parenchyma fractions were mostly unrelated to tissue and soil nutrient concentrations, except for nitrogen concentration in stem sapwood. Species from low nutrient soils showed higher fractional P translocation from both leaves and sapwood, but little patterning with respect to tissue nitrogen. While species from high and low nutrient soils clearly clustered along the soil-fertility axis, their tissue composition varied independently from plant functional traits related to construction costs and hydraulic anatomy. Our findings imply that there is considerable variation among species in the nutrient concentrations within different parenchyma tissues. The anatomical composition of wood tissue seems unrelated to plant nutrient requirements. Even though xylem parenchyma is involved in metabolic functions such as nutrient translocation and storage, parenchyma abundance on its own does not directly explain variation in these functions, even in co-occurring species. While parenchyma is highly abundant in wood of angiosperm trees, we are still lacking a convincing ecological interpretation of its variability and role in whole-tree nutrient budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna M. Kotowska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Swinfield T, Both S, Riutta T, Bongalov B, Elias D, Majalap‐Lee N, Ostle N, Svátek M, Kvasnica J, Milodowski D, Jucker T, Ewers RM, Zhang Y, Johnson D, Teh YA, Burslem DFRP, Malhi Y, Coomes D. Imaging spectroscopy reveals the effects of topography and logging on the leaf chemistry of tropical forest canopy trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:989-1002. [PMID: 31845482 PMCID: PMC7027875 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Logging, pervasive across the lowland tropics, affects millions of hectares of forest, yet its influence on nutrient cycling remains poorly understood. One hypothesis is that logging influences phosphorus (P) cycling, because this scarce nutrient is removed in extracted timber and eroded soil, leading to shifts in ecosystem functioning and community composition. However, testing this is challenging because P varies within landscapes as a function of geology, topography and climate. Superimposed upon these trends are compositional changes in logged forests, with species with more acquisitive traits, characterized by higher foliar P concentrations, more dominant. It is difficult to resolve these patterns using traditional field approaches alone. Here, we use airborne light detection and ranging-guided hyperspectral imagery to map foliar nutrient (i.e. P, nitrogen [N]) concentrations, calibrated using field measured traits, over 400 km2 of northeastern Borneo, including a landscape-level disturbance gradient spanning old-growth to repeatedly logged forests. The maps reveal that canopy foliar P and N concentrations decrease with elevation. These relationships were not identified using traditional field measurements of leaf and soil nutrients. After controlling for topography, canopy foliar nutrient concentrations were lower in logged forest than in old-growth areas, reflecting decreased nutrient availability. However, foliar nutrient concentrations and specific leaf area were greatest in relatively short patches in logged areas, reflecting a shift in composition to pioneer species with acquisitive traits. N:P ratio increased in logged forest, suggesting reduced soil P availability through disturbance. Through the first landscape scale assessment of how functional leaf traits change in response to logging, we find that differences from old-growth forest become more pronounced as logged forests increase in stature over time, suggesting exacerbated phosphorus limitation as forests recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Swinfield
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for Conservation ScienceRoyal Society for the Protection of BirdsCambridgeUK
| | - Sabine Both
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Boris Bongalov
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Dafydd Elias
- Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Nicholas Ostle
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Kvasnica
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Milodowski
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Yit Arn Teh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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24
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Qiao H, Sun XR, Wu XQ, Li GE, Wang Z, Li DW. The phosphate-solubilizing ability of Penicillium guanacastense and its effects on the growth of Pinus massoniana in phosphate-limiting conditions. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.046797. [PMID: 31649117 PMCID: PMC6899000 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes in soil can degrade insoluble inorganic and organic phosphorus, which are components of the soil phosphorus cycle and play an important role in plant growth. Pinus massoniana is a pioneer tree species used for afforestation in southern China and grows in poor, acidic soil. A shortage of available phosphorus in soil limits the growth of P. massoniana. To alleviate this situation, it is necessary to improve soil fertility. A fungal strain (JP-NJ2) with the ability to solubilize phosphate was isolated from the P. massoniana rhizosphere. The ability of JP-NJ2 to solubilize inorganic and organic phosphorus and promote the growth of P. massoniana was evaluated. It showed that JP-NJ2 could grow in NBRIP inorganic phosphate (AlPO4, FePO4·4H2O, and Ca3[PO4]2) fermentation broths, with the highest phosphorus concentration (1.93 mg/ml) and phosphate-solubilizing rate (43.7%) for AlPO4 and in Monkina organic phosphate fermentation broth with a phosphorus concentration of 0.153 mg/ml. The phosphate-solubilizing capability in inorganic and organic fermentation broths was negatively correlated with pH. JP-NJ2-produced acids at a total concentration of 4.7 g/l, which included gluconic (2.3 g/l), oxalic (1.1 g/l), lactic (0.7 g/l) and malonic (0.5 g/l) acids. It prioritized extracellular acidic phosphatase and combined with phytase to solubilize organic phosphates. The fungal suspension and extracellular metabolites from phosphate-solubilizing fungi promoted the shoot length of P. massoniana seedlings by 97.7% and 59.5%, respectively, while increasing the root crown diameter by 46.8% and 27.7%. JP-NJ2 was identified as Penicillium guanacastense based on its morphology and phylogenetic analyses of five genes/regions (ITS, ben A, cmd, cox1 and tef). This is the first report on P. guanacastense isolated from pine tree rhizosphere soil in China and its high phosphate-solubilizing capability, which promoted the growth of P. massoniana. P. guanacastense JP-NJ2 has potential use as a biological fertilizer in forestry and farming. Summary: Identification of a phosphate-solubilizing fungus and its first report in the application as a biological fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qiao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Gui-E Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.,The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, USA
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25
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Jones JM, Heath KD, Ferrer A, Brown SP, Canam T, Dalling JW. Wood decomposition in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the tropics: contrasting biotic and abiotic processes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5184448. [PMID: 30445583 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood decomposition, a critical process in carbon and nutrient cycles, is influenced by environmental conditions, decomposer communities and substrate composition. While these factors differ between land and stream habitats, across-habitat comparisons of wood decay processes are rare, limiting our ability to evaluate the context- dependency of the drivers of decay. Here we tracked wood decomposition of three tree species placed in stream and terrestrial habitats in a lowland tropical forest in Panama. At 3 and 11 months we measured mass loss, wood nitrogen and wood polymer concentrations, and sampled wood-associated fungal and bacterial communities. After 11 months of decay we found that mass loss occurred 9% faster in streams than on land, but loss of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin did not differ between habitats. We also observed large differences in microbial decomposer communities between habitats. Overall, we found faster mass loss of wood in water, but no differences in biotic decay processes between habitats despite distinct microbial communities in streams and on land. Our research challenges the assumption that wood decays relatively slowly in water reflecting unfavorable environmental conditions and a limited capacity of aquatic microbial communities to effectively degrade wood polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Jones
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Katy D Heath
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Astrid Ferrer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shawn P Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Thomas Canam
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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26
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Lira-Martins D, Humphreys-Williams E, Strekopytov S, Ishida FY, Quesada CA, Lloyd J. Tropical Tree Branch-Leaf Nutrient Scaling Relationships Vary With Sampling Location. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:877. [PMID: 31333710 PMCID: PMC6625373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bivariate relationships between plant tissue nutrient concentration have largely been studied across broad environmental scales regardless of their covariation with soil and climate. Comparing leaf and branch wood concentrations of C, Ca, K, Mg, N, Na, and P for trees growing in tropical forests in Amazonia and Australia we found that the concentrations of most elements varied with sampling location, but with foliar and branch woody tissues varying from site to site in different ways. Using a Mixed Effect Model (MEM) approach it was further found that relationships between branch and leaf concentrations within individual plots differed in terms of both slope and/or significance to the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates for most elements. Specifically, using MEM we found that within plots only K and Mg were correlated across organs, but with the K cross-organ intercept estimates varying significantly between sites. MEM analyses further showed that within-plot wood density variations were also negatively related to wood K and Na, suggesting a potentially important role for these cations in water transport and/or storage in woody tissues. The OLS method could not detect significant correlations in any of the above cases. By contrast, although Ca, N, and P leaf and wood tissue concentrations showed similar patterns when individual elements were compared across sites, MEM analyses suggested no consistent association within sites. Thus, for all these three elements, strong within-tree scaling relationships were inferred when data were analyzed across sites using OLS, even though there was no relationship within individual sites. Thus (as for Ca, N, and P) not only can a pooling of data across sites result in trait (co)variations attributable to the environment potentially being incorrectly attributed solely to the species and/or individual (the so-called "ecological fallacy"), but in some cases (as was found here for K and Na) the opposite can also sometimes occur with significant within-site covariations being obscured by large site-site variations. We refer to the latter phenomenon as "environmental obfuscation."
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francoise Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Alberto Quesada
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Acanakwo EF, Sheil D, Moe SR. Wood decomposition is more rapid on than off termite mounds in an African savanna. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Francis Acanakwo
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 1432 Ås Norway
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 1432 Ås Norway
| | - Stein R. Moe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 1432 Ås Norway
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Marler TE. Elemental Profiles in Cycas micronesica Stems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:plants7040094. [PMID: 30388771 PMCID: PMC6313939 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Essential nutrients and metals have been quantified in stems of many tree species to understand the role of stems as storage and source organs. Little is known about stored stem resources of cycad tree species. Cycas micronesica tissue was collected from apical and basal axial regions of stems; and pith, vascular, and cortex tissues were separated into three radial regions. Leaves were also sampled to provide a comparison to stems. Minerals and metals were quantified in all tissues. Minerals and metals varied greatly among the six stem sections. Phosphorus varied more among the three radial sections than the other macronutrients, and zinc and nickel varied more than the other micronutrients. Stem carbon was less than and stem calcium was greater than expected, based on what is currently known tree stem concentrations in the literature. Elemental concentrations were generally greater than those previously reported for coniferous gymnosperm trees. Moreover, the stem concentrations were high in relation to leaf concentrations, when compared to published angiosperm and conifer data. The results indicated that the addition of more cycad species to the literature will improve our understanding of gymnosperm versus angiosperm stem nutrient relations, and that the non-woody cycad stem contains copious essential plant nutrients that can be mobilized and deployed to sinks when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Marler
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA.
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Patterns of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in relation to productivity in China's terrestrial ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4033-4038. [PMID: 29666316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700295114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content regulate productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimates of the allocation of N and P content in plant tissues and the relationship between nutrient content and photosynthetic capacity are critical to predicting future ecosystem C sequestration under global change. In this study, by investigating the nutrient concentrations of plant leaves, stems, and roots across China's terrestrial biomes, we document large-scale patterns of community-level concentrations of C, N, and P. We also examine the possible correlation between nutrient content and plant production as indicated by vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). The nationally averaged community concentrations of C, N, and P were 436.8, 14.14, and 1.11 mg·g-1 for leaves; 448.3, 3.04 and 0.31 mg·g-1 for stems; and 418.2, 4.85, and 0.47 mg·g-1 for roots, respectively. The nationally averaged leaf N and P productivity was 249.5 g C GPP·g-1 N·y-1 and 3,157.9 g C GPP·g-1 P·y-1, respectively. The N and P concentrations in stems and roots were generally more sensitive to the abiotic environment than those in leaves. There were strong power-law relationships between N (or P) content in different tissues for all biomes, which were closely coupled with vegetation GPP. These findings not only provide key parameters to develop empirical models to scale the responses of plants to global change from a single tissue to the whole community but also offer large-scale evidence of biome-dependent regulation of C sequestration by nutrients.
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Zavišic A, Polle A. Dynamics of phosphorus nutrition, allocation and growth of young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in P-rich and P-poor forest soil. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:37-51. [PMID: 29182787 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate how long-lived forest trees cope with low soil phosphorus (P) availabilities, we characterized P nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) in soils from P-rich and P-poor beech forests throughout an annual growth cycle. Young trees were excavated with intact soil cores in mono-specific beech forests, kept under common garden conditions, and used for 33P labeling, analyses of P uptake, P content and biomass during five phenological stages (dormancy in winter, bud swelling in early spring, mature leaves in early and late summer, and senescent leaves in fall). Seasonal allocation patterns showed that young, emerging leaves were preferred sinks for P under P-poor conditions, thereby keeping foliar P concentrations at levels similar to those of trees grown in P-rich soil. Phosphorus concentrations in stems and roots of trees from the P-poor conditions were lower than those from P-rich conditions. Coarse roots were the main P storage tissue, supplying inorganic P to newly formed leaves, originating from the inorganic and organic P pools under low and high P conditions, respectively. Beech trees in P-poor soil exhibited net biomass increment early in the annual growth along with a strong P deficit, which was replenished by enhanced uptake in late summer and fall. Trees in P-rich soil grew until late summer, and showed a moderate P decline in organic pools and recovery late in fall, which coincided with elevated P uptake from soil. Beech in P-poor soil produced more biomass per unit of P but at a slower growth rate than those in P-rich soil, thereby exhibiting similar P-use efficiencies. Temporal decoupling of growth and P acquisition in combination with internal P trade-off between storage tissues and leaves facilitated flexible acclimation of beech to a wide range of soil P availabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Zavišic
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory for Radio-Isotopes, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Larter M, Pfautsch S, Domec JC, Trueba S, Nagalingum N, Delzon S. Aridity drove the evolution of extreme embolism resistance and the radiation of conifer genus Callitris. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:97-112. [PMID: 28378882 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xylem vulnerability to embolism is emerging as a major factor in drought-induced tree mortality events across the globe. However, we lack understanding of how and to what extent climate has shaped vascular properties or functions. We investigated the evolution of xylem hydraulic function and diversification patterns in Australia's most successful gymnosperm clade, Callitris, the world's most drought-resistant conifers. For all 23 species in this group, we measured embolism resistance (P50 ), xylem specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks ), wood density, and tracheary element size from natural populations. We investigated whether hydraulic traits variation linked with climate and the diversification of this clade using a time-calibrated phylogeny. Embolism resistance varied widely across the Callitris clade (P50 : -3.8 to -18.8 MPa), and was significantly related to water scarcity, as was tracheid diameter. We found no evidence of a safety-efficiency tradeoff; Ks and wood density were not related to rainfall. Callitris diversification coincides with the onset of aridity in Australia since the early Oligocene. Our results highlight the evolutionary lability of xylem traits with climate, and the leading role of aridity in the diversification of conifers. The uncoupling of safety from other xylem functions allowed Callitris to evolve extreme embolism resistance and diversify into xeric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences AGRO, UMR 1391 ISPA INRA, 1 Cours du Général de Gaulle, Gradignan Cedex, 33175, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Santiago Trueba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- IRD, UMR AMAP, BPA5, Noumea, 98800, New Caledonia
| | - Nathalie Nagalingum
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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Xu J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Chai Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Li T, Yue M. Using phylogeny and functional traits for assessing community assembly along environmental gradients: A deterministic process driven by elevation. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5056-5069. [PMID: 28770046 PMCID: PMC5528205 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Community assembly processes is the primary focus of community ecology. Using phylogenetic‐based and functional trait‐based methods jointly to explore these processes along environmental gradients are useful ways to explain the change of assembly mechanisms under changing world. Our study combined these methods to test assembly processes in wide range gradients of elevation and other habitat environmental factors. We collected our data at 40 plots in Taibai Mountain, China, with more than 2,300 m altitude difference in study area and then measured traits and environmental factors. Variance partitioning was used to distinguish the main environment factors leading to phylogeny and traits change among 40 plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to colligate other environment factors. Community assembly patterns along environmental gradients based on phylogenetic and functional methods were studied for exploring assembly mechanisms. Phylogenetic signal was calculated for each community along environmental gradients in order to detect the variation of trait performance on phylogeny. Elevation showed a better explanatory power than other environment factors for phylogenetic and most traits’ variance. Phylogenetic and several functional structure clustered at high elevation while some conserved traits overdispersed. Convergent tendency which might be caused by filtering or competition along elevation was detected based on functional traits. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf nitrogen content along PCA 1 axis showed conflicting patterns comparing to patterns showed on elevation. LDMC exhibited the strongest phylogenetic signal. Only the phylogenetic signal of maximum plant height showed explicable change along environmental gradients. Synthesis. Elevation is the best environment factors for predicting phylogeny and traits change. Plant's phylogenetic and some functional structures show environmental filtering in alpine region while it shows different assembly processes in middle‐ and low‐altitude region by different trait/phylogeny. The results highlight deterministic processes dominate community assembly in large‐scale environmental gradients. Performance of phylogeny and traits along gradients may be independent with each other. The novel method for calculating functional structure which we used in this study and the focus of phylogenetic signal change along gradients may provide more useful ways to detect community assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Mao Wang
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China.,College of Grassland and Environment Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumchi China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
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Grau O, Peñuelas J, Ferry B, Freycon V, Blanc L, Desprez M, Baraloto C, Chave J, Descroix L, Dourdain A, Guitet S, Janssens IA, Sardans J, Hérault B. Nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil may control forest structure and dynamics in poor Amazonian soils. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45017. [PMID: 28332608 PMCID: PMC5362906 DOI: 10.1038/srep45017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests is complex. We used data for >34 000 trees from several permanent plots in French Guiana to investigate if soil characteristics could predict the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical forests. Most variables did not covary with site-level changes in soil nutrient content, indicating that nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil (e.g. the nutrient uptake from litter, the resorption, or the storage of nutrients in the biomass), may strongly control forest structure and dynamics. Ecosystem-level adaptations to low soil nutrient availability and long-term low levels of disturbance may help to account for the lower productivity and higher accumulation of biomass in nutrient-poor forests compared to nutrient-richer forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ferry
- AgroParisTech, ENGREF, UMR, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Lilian Blanc
- CIRAD, UR Forêts et sociétés, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Desprez
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387, Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200, Miami, USA
| | - Jérôme Chave
- CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Descroix
- ONF Guyane, Réserve de Montabo, 97307, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387, Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | | | - Ivan A. Janssens
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387, Kourou, French Guiana, France
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