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Frost LA, Bedoya AM, Lagomarsino LP. Artifactual Orthologs and the Need for Diligent Data Exploration in Complex Phylogenomic Datasets: A Museomic Case Study from the Andean Flora. Syst Biol 2024; 73:308-322. [PMID: 38170162 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Andes mountains of western South America are a globally important biodiversity hotspot, yet there is a paucity of resolved phylogenies for plant clades from this region. Filling an important gap in our understanding of the World's richest flora, we present the first phylogeny of Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae), an Andean-centered, cloud forest radiation. Our dataset was obtained via hybrid-enriched target sequence capture of Angiosperms353 universal loci for 50 of the ca. 75 spp., obtained almost entirely from herbarium specimens. We identify high phylogenomic complexity in Freziera, including the presence of data artifacts. Via by-eye observation of gene trees, detailed examination of warnings from recently improved assembly pipelines, and gene tree filtering, we identified that artifactual orthologs (i.e., the presence of only one copy of a multicopy gene due to differential assembly) were an important source of gene tree heterogeneity that had a negative impact on phylogenetic inference and support. These artifactual orthologs may be common in plant phylogenomic datasets, where multiple instances of genome duplication are common. After accounting for artifactual orthologs as source of gene tree error, we identified a significant, but nonspecific signal of introgression using Patterson's D and f4 statistics. Despite phylogenomic complexity, we were able to resolve Freziera into 9 well-supported subclades whose evolution has been shaped by multiple evolutionary processes, including incomplete lineage sorting, historical gene flow, and gene duplication. Our results highlight the complexities of plant phylogenomics, which are heightened in Andean radiations, and show the impact of filtering data processing artifacts and standard filtering approaches on phylogenetic inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Frost
- Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Biology Department, University of South Alabama, 5871 USA N Dr, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ana M Bedoya
- Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Laura P Lagomarsino
- Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Jin Y, Du X, Jiang C, Ji W, Yang P. Disentangling sources of gene tree discordance for Hordeum species via target-enriched sequencing assays. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 199:108160. [PMID: 39019201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Hordeum is an economically and evolutionarily important genus within the Triticeae tribe of the family Poaceae, and contains 33 widely distributed and diverse species which cytologically represent four subgenomes (H, Xa, Xu and I). These wild species (except Hordeum spontaneum, which is the primary gene pool of barley) are secondary or tertiary gene-pool germplasms for barley and wheat improvement, and uncovering their complicated evolutionary relationships would benefit for future breeding programs. Here, we developed a complexity-reduced pipeline via capturing genome-wide distributed fragments via two novel target-enriched assays (HorCap v1.0 and BarPlex v1.0) in conjugation with high-throughput sequencing of the enrichments. Both assays were tested for genotyping 40 species from three genera (Hordeum, Triticum, and Aegilops) containing 82 samples 67 accessions. Either of both assays worked efficiently in genotyping, while integration of both assays can significantly improve the robustness and resolution of the Hordeum phylogenetic trees. Interestingly, the incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) was inferred for the first time as the major factor causing phylogenetic discordance among the four subgenomes, whereas in New World species (carrying I genome) post-speciation introgression events were revealed. Through revising the evolutionary relationships of the Hordeum species based on an ancestral state reconstruction for the diploids and parental donor inference for the polyploids, our results raised new queries about the Hordeum phylogeny. Moreover, both newly-developed assays are applicable in genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum and other Triticeae wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest AandF University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest AandF University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Congcong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest AandF University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Dagallier LPMJ, Condamine FL, Couvreur TLP. Sequential diversification with Miocene extinction and Pliocene speciation linked to mountain uplift explains the diversity of the African rain forest clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:677-696. [PMID: 37659091 PMCID: PMC11082524 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Throughout the Cenozoic, Africa underwent several climatic and geological changes impacting the evolution of tropical rain forests (TRFs). African TRFs are thought to have extended from east to west in a 'pan-African' TRF, followed by several events of fragmentation during drier climate periods. During the Miocene, climate cooling and mountain uplift led to the aridification of tropical Africa and open habitats expanded at the expense of TRFs, which probably experienced local extinctions. However, in plants, these drivers were previously inferred using limited taxonomic and molecular data. Here, we tested the impact of climate and geological changes on diversification within the diverse clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae) composed of 90 tree species restricted to African TRFs. METHODS We reconstructed a near-complete phylogenetic tree, based on 32 nuclear genes, and dated using relaxed clocks and fossil calibrations in a Bayesian framework. We inferred the biogeographical history and the diversification dynamics of the clade using multiple birth-death models. KEY RESULTS Monodoreae originated in East African TRFs ~25 million years ago (Ma) and expanded toward Central Africa during the Miocene. We inferred range contractions during the middle Miocene and document important connections between East and West African TRFs after 15-13 Ma. Our results indicated a sudden extinction event during the late Miocene, followed by an increase in speciation rates. Birth-death models suggested that African elevation change (orogeny) is positively linked to speciation in this clade. CONCLUSION East Africa is inferred as an important source of Monodoreae species, and possibly for African plant diversity in general. Our results support a 'sequential scenario of diversification' in which increased aridification triggered extinction of TRF species in Monodoreae. This was quickly followed by fragmentation of rain forests, subsequently enhancing lagged speciation resulting from vicariance and improved climate conditions. In contrast to previous ideas, the uplift of East Africa is shown to have played a positive role in Monodoreae diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo-Paul M J Dagallier
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Barreto E, Boehm MMA, Ogutcen E, Abrahamczyk S, Kessler M, Bascompte J, Dellinger AS, Bello C, Dehling DM, Duchenne F, Kaehler M, Lagomarsino LP, Lohmann LG, Maglianesi MA, Morlon H, Muchhala N, Ornelas JF, Perret M, Salinas NR, Smith SD, Vamosi JC, Varassin IG, Graham CH. Macroevolution of the plant-hummingbird pollination system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38705863 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plant-hummingbird interactions are considered a classic example of coevolution, a process in which mutually dependent species influence each other's evolution. Plants depend on hummingbirds for pollination, whereas hummingbirds rely on nectar for food. As a step towards understanding coevolution, this review focuses on the macroevolutionary consequences of plant-hummingbird interactions, a relatively underexplored area in the current literature. We synthesize prior studies, illustrating the origins and dynamics of hummingbird pollination across different angiosperm clades previously pollinated by insects (mostly bees), bats, and passerine birds. In some cases, the crown age of hummingbirds pre-dates the plants they pollinate. In other cases, plant groups transitioned to hummingbird pollination early in the establishment of this bird group in the Americas, with the build-up of both diversities coinciding temporally, and hence suggesting co-diversification. Determining what triggers shifts to and away from hummingbird pollination remains a major open challenge. The impact of hummingbirds on plant diversification is complex, with many tropical plant lineages experiencing increased diversification after acquiring flowers that attract hummingbirds, and others experiencing no change or even a decrease in diversification rates. This mixed evidence suggests that other extrinsic or intrinsic factors, such as local climate and isolation, are important covariables driving the diversification of plants adapted to hummingbird pollination. To guide future studies, we discuss the mechanisms and contexts under which hummingbirds, as a clade and as individual species (e.g. traits, foraging behaviour, degree of specialization), could influence plant evolution. We conclude by commenting on how macroevolutionary signals of the mutualism could relate to coevolution, highlighting the unbalanced focus on the plant side of the interaction, and advocating for the use of species-level interaction data in macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mannfred M A Boehm
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ezgi Ogutcen
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plant, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Botany Department, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Carolina Bello
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - François Duchenne
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Kaehler
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Laura P Lagomarsino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Biology, University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, 94720-2465, CA, USA
| | - María A Maglianesi
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, 474-2050, Costa Rica
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, UMR 8197, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, 63121, MO, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, 91073, Mexico
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Department of Plant Sciences, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, University of Geneva, Chem. de l'Impératrice 1, 1292 Pregny-Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nelson R Salinas
- Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York City, 10458, NY, USA
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, 80302, CO, USA
| | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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Dixit NM, Guicking D. Exploring the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism: Perspectives from the Southeast Asian Macaranga ant-plant symbiosis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108028. [PMID: 38342161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Myrmecophytic plants utilise defensive services offered by obligate ant partners nesting in their domatia in a novel means of survival in tropical habitats. Although much is known about the ecology of myrmecophytism, there aren't enough empirical examples to demonstrate whether it substantially influences evolutionary patterns in host plant lineages. In this study, we make use of the species-rich Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) ant-plant symbiosis distributed in the Southeast Asian Sundaland to delve into the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism in host plants. We generated the most comprehensive dated phylogeny of myrmecophytic Macaranga till date using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). With this in hand, we traced the evolutionary history of myrmecophytism in Macaranga using parametric biogeography and ancestral state reconstruction. Diversification rate analysis methods were employed to determine if myrmecophytism enhanced diversification rates in the genus. Our results demonstrate that myrmecophytism is labile and easily lost. Ancestral state reconstruction supported a single origin of myrmecophytism in Macaranga ∼18 mya on Borneo followed by multiple losses. Diversification rate analysis methods did not yield sufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that myrmecophytism enhanced diversification rates in Macaranga; we found that topographical features on Borneo may have played a more direct role in the divergence of clades instead. Our study provides evidence that while the acquisition of domatia clearly functions as a key innovation that has enabled host plants to exploit the environment in novel ways, it may not necessarily enhance diversification rates. In fact, we hypothesise that overly specialised cases of myrmecophytism may even be an evolutionary dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadi M Dixit
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Daniela Guicking
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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Bedoya AM. Botany and geogenomics: Constraining geological hypotheses in the neotropics with large-scale genetic data derived from plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16306. [PMID: 38557829 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Decades of empirical research have revealed how the geological history of our planet shaped plant evolution by establishing well-known patterns (e.g., how mountain uplift resulted in high rates of diversification and replicate radiations in montane plant taxa). This follows a traditional approach where botanical data are interpreted in light of geological events. In this synthesis, I instead describe how by integrating natural history, phylogenetics, and population genetics, botanical research can be applied alongside geology and paleontology to inform our understanding of past geological and climatic processes. This conceptual shift aligns with the goals of the emerging field of geogenomics. In the neotropics, plant geogenomics is a powerful tool for the reciprocal exploration of two long standing questions in biology and geology: how the dynamic landscape of the region came to be and how it shaped the evolution of the richest flora. Current challenges that are specific to analytical approaches for plant geogenomics are discussed. I describe the scale at which various geological questions can be addressed from biological data and what makes some groups of plants excellent model systems for geogenomics research. Although plant geogenomics is discussed with reference to the neotropics, the recommendations given here for approaches to plant geogenomics can and should be expanded to exploring long-standing questions on how the earth evolved with the use of plant DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bedoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
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Li W, Wang R, Liu MF, Folk RA, Xue B, Saunders RMK. Climatic and biogeographic processes underlying the diversification of the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1287171. [PMID: 38525154 PMCID: PMC10957689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1287171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Tropical forests harbor the richest biodiversity among terrestrial ecosystems, but few studies have addressed the underlying processes of species diversification in these ecosystems. We use the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae as a study system to investigate how climate and biogeographic events contribute to diversification. A super-matrix phylogeny comprising 835 taxa (34% of Annonaceae species) based on eight chloroplast regions was used in this study. We show that global temperature may better explain the recent rapid diversification in Annonaceae than time and constant models. Accelerated accumulation of niche divergence (around 15 Ma) lags behind the increase of diversification rate (around 25 Ma), reflecting a heterogeneous transition to recent diversity increases. Biogeographic events are related to only two of the five diversification rate shifts detected. Shifts in niche evolution nevertheless appear to be associated with increasingly seasonal environments. Our results do not support the direct correlation of any particular climatic niche shifts or historical biogeographical event with shifts in diversification rate. Instead, we suggest that Annonaceae diversification can lead to later niche divergence as a result of increasing interspecific competition arising from species accumulation. Shifts in niche evolution appear to be associated with increasingly seasonal environments. Our results highlight the complexity of diversification in taxa with long evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Li
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Runxi Wang
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Fai Liu
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ryan A. Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Bine Xue
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard M. K. Saunders
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Karimi N, Krieg CP, Spalink D, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Eifler E, Hernández AI, Chan PW, Rodríguez A, Landis JB, Strickler SR, Specht CD, Givnish TJ. Chromosomal evolution, environmental heterogeneity, and migration drive spatial patterns of species richness in Calochortus (Liliaceae). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305228121. [PMID: 38394215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305228121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We used nuclear genomic data and statistical models to evaluate the ecological and evolutionary processes shaping spatial variation in species richness in Calochortus (Liliaceae, 74 spp.). Calochortus occupies diverse habitats in the western United States and Mexico and has a center of diversity in the California Floristic Province, marked by multiple orogenies, winter rainfall, and highly divergent climates and substrates (including serpentine). We used sequences of 294 low-copy nuclear loci to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny, estimate historical biogeography, and test hypotheses regarding drivers of present-day spatial patterns in species number. Speciation and species coexistence require reproductive isolation and ecological divergence, so we examined the roles of chromosome number, environmental heterogeneity, and migration in shaping local species richness. Six major clades-inhabiting different geographic/climatic areas, and often marked by different base chromosome numbers (n = 6 to 10)-began diverging from each other ~10.3 Mya. As predicted, local species number increased significantly with local heterogeneity in chromosome number, elevation, soil characteristics, and serpentine presence. Species richness is greatest in the Transverse/Peninsular Ranges where clades with different chromosome numbers overlap, topographic complexity provides diverse conditions over short distances, and several physiographic provinces meet allowing immigration by several clades. Recently diverged sister-species pairs generally have peri-patric distributions, and maximum geographic overlap between species increases over the first million years since divergence, suggesting that chromosomal evolution, genetic divergence leading to gametic isolation or hybrid inviability/sterility, and/or ecological divergence over small spatial scales may permit species co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Karimi
- Science and Conservation Division, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Daniel Spalink
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | | | - Evan Eifler
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Adriana I Hernández
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Patricia W Chan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Aarón Rodríguez
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de la Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco 45200, Mexico
| | - Jacob B Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de la Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco 45200, Mexico
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Chelsea D Specht
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Thomas J Givnish
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Wacker KS, Winger BM. An Elevational Phylogeographic Diversity Gradient in Neotropical Birds Is Decoupled from Speciation Rates. Am Nat 2024; 203:362-381. [PMID: 38358813 DOI: 10.1086/728598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractA key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in population genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients in speciation rates? Previous work suggests that speciation rates increase with elevation in Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level gradients remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds in the megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system and assess its relationship to speciation rates to evaluate the link between population-level differentiation and species-level diversification. We aggregated and georeferenced nearly 7,000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or species complexes in the Andes and Amazonia and used these sequences to describe phylogeographic differentiation across both regions. Our results show increased levels of both discrete and continuous metrics of population structure in the Andean mountains compared with the Amazonian lowlands. However, higher levels of population differentiation do not predict higher rates of speciation in our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead to our observed decoupling of initial population divergence and speciation rates, including the ephemerality of incipient species and the multifaceted nature of the speciation process, as well as methodological challenges associated with estimating rates of population differentiation and speciation.
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10
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Folk RA, Charboneau JLM, Belitz M, Singh T, Kates HR, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Guralnick RP, Siniscalchi CM. Anatomy of a mega-radiation: Biogeography and niche evolution in Astragalus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16299. [PMID: 38419145 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Astragalus (Fabaceae), with more than 3000 species, represents a globally successful radiation of morphologically highly similar species predominant across the northern hemisphere. It has attracted attention from systematists and biogeographers, who have asked what factors might be behind the extraordinary diversity of this important arid-adapted clade and what sets it apart from close relatives with far less species richness. METHODS Here, for the first time using extensive phylogenetic sampling, we asked whether (1) Astragalus is uniquely characterized by bursts of radiation or whether diversification instead is uniform and no different from closely related taxa. Then we tested whether the species diversity of Astragalus is attributable specifically to its predilection for (2) cold and arid habitats, (3) particular soils, or to (4) chromosome evolution. Finally, we tested (5) whether Astragalus originated in central Asia as proposed and (6) whether niche evolutionary shifts were subsequently associated with the colonization of other continents. RESULTS Our results point to the importance of heterogeneity in the diversification of Astragalus, with upshifts associated with the earliest divergences but not strongly tied to any abiotic factor or biogeographic regionalization tested here. The only potential correlate with diversification we identified was chromosome number. Biogeographic shifts have a strong association with the abiotic environment and highlight the importance of central Asia as a biogeographic gateway. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation shows the importance of phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of logistically challenging "mega-radiations." Our findings reject any simple key innovation behind high diversity and underline the often nuanced, multifactorial processes leading to species-rich clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Joseph L M Charboneau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Belitz
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tajinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolina M Siniscalchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- General Libraries, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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11
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Carruthers T, Moerland MS, Ebersbach J, Favre A, Folk RA, Hawkins JA, Muellner-Riehl AN, Röser M, Soltis DE, Tkach N, Baker WJ, de Vos JM, Eiserhardt WL. Repeated upslope biome shifts in Saxifraga during late-Cenozoic climate cooling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1100. [PMID: 38321017 PMCID: PMC10847498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mountains are among the most biodiverse places on Earth, and plant lineages that inhabit them have some of the highest speciation rates ever recorded. Plant diversity within the alpine zone - the elevation above which trees cannot grow-contributes significantly to overall diversity within mountain systems, but the origins of alpine plant diversity are poorly understood. Here, we quantify the processes that generate alpine plant diversity and their changing dynamics through time in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae), an angiosperm genus that occurs predominantly in mountain systems. We present a time-calibrated molecular phylogenetic tree for the genus that is inferred from 329 low-copy nuclear loci and incorporates 73% (407) of known species. We show that upslope biome shifts into the alpine zone are considerably more prevalent than dispersal of alpine specialists between regions, and that the rate of upslope biome shifts increased markedly in the last 5 Myr, a timeframe concordant with a cooling and fluctuating climate that is likely to have increased the extent of the alpine zone. Furthermore, alpine zone specialists have lower speciation rates than generalists that occur inside and outside the alpine zone, and major speciation rate increases within Saxifraga significantly pre-date increased rates of upslope biome shifts. Specialisation to the alpine zone is not therefore associated with speciation rate increases. Taken together, this study presents a quantified and broad scale perspective of processes underpinning alpine plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Carruthers
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Michelangelo S Moerland
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EX, UK
| | - Jana Ebersbach
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrien Favre
- Regional Nature Park of the Trient Valley, la Place 24, 1922, Salvan, Switzerland
| | - Ryan A Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Julie A Hawkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EX, UK
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Röser
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Dept. of Systematic Botany, Neuwerk 21, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Natalia Tkach
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Dept. of Systematic Botany, Neuwerk 21, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - William J Baker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jurriaan M de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolf L Eiserhardt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK.
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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12
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Olivares I, Tusso S, José Sanín M, de La Harpe M, Loiseau O, Rolland J, Salamin N, Kessler M, Shimizu KK, Paris M. Hyper-Cryptic radiation of a tropical montane plant lineage. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107954. [PMID: 37898295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Species are seen as the fundamental unit of biotic diversity, and thus their delimitation is crucial for defining measures for diversity assessments and studying evolution. Differences between species have traditionally been associated with variation in morphology. And yet, the discovery of cryptic diversity suggests that the evolution of distinct lineages does not necessarily involve morphological differences. Here, we analyze 1,684,987 variant sites and over 4,000 genes for more than 400 samples to show how a tropical montane plant lineage (Geonoma undata species complex) is composed of numerous unrecognized genetic groups that are not morphologically distinct. We find that 11 to 14 clades do not correspond to the three currently recognized species. Most clades are genetically different and geographic distance and topography are the most important factors determining this genetic divergence. The genetic structure of this lineage does not match its morphological variation. Instead, this species complex constitutes the first example of a hyper-cryptic plant radiation in tropical mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Olivares
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sergio Tusso
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian Universität München, Germany
| | - María José Sanín
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University. United States; Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Colombia
| | - Marylaure de La Harpe
- Office for Nature Conservation and Environment of the Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland
| | - Oriane Loiseau
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Kihara Institute of Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Margot Paris
- Department of Biology. University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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13
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Qin F, Xue T, Zhang X, Yang X, Yu J, Gadagkar SR, Yu S. Past climate cooling and orogenesis of the Hengduan Mountains have influenced the evolution of Impatiens sect. Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the Northern Hemisphere. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:600. [PMID: 38030965 PMCID: PMC10685625 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impatiens sect. Impatiens is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and has diversified considerably, particularly within the Hengduan Mountains (HDM) in southwest China. Yet, the infra-sectional phylogenetic relationships are not well resolved, largely due to limited taxon sampling and an insufficient number of molecular markers. The evolutionary history of its diversification is also poorly understood. In this study, plastome data and the most complete sampling to date were used to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic framework for this section. The phylogeny was then used to investigate its biogeographical history and diversification patterns, specifically with the aim of understanding the role played by the HDM and past climatic changes in its diversification. RESULTS A stable phylogeny was reconstructed that strongly supported both the monophyly of the section and its division into seven major clades (Clades I-VII). Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction suggest that sect. Impatiens originated in the HDM and Southeast China around 11.76 Ma, after which different lineages dispersed to Northwest China, temperate Eurasia, and North America, mainly during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. An intercontinental dispersal event from East Asia to western North America may have occurred via the Bering Land Bridge or Aleutian Islands. The diversification rate was high during its early history, especially with the HDM, but gradually decreased over time both within and outside the HDM. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was strongly associated with elevation range, elevation, and mean annual temperature. Finally, ancestral niche analysis indicated that sect. Impatiens originated in a relatively cool, middle-elevation area. CONCLUSIONS We inferred the evolutionary history of sect. Impatiens based on a solid phylogenetic framework. The HDM was the primary source or pump of its diversity in the Northern Hemisphere. Orogeny and climate change may have also shaped its diversification rates, as a steady decrease in the diversification rate coincided with the uplift of the HDM and climate cooling. These findings provide insights into the distribution pattern of sect. Impatiens and other plants in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianghong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sudhindra R Gadagkar
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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14
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Chen YS, Muellner-Riehl AN, Yang Y, Liu J, Dimitrov D, Luo A, Luo Y, Sun H, Wang ZH. Dispersal modes affect Rhamnaceae diversification rates in a differentiated manner. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231926. [PMID: 37989241 PMCID: PMC10688438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of dispersal modes has been proposed to promote the diversification of angiosperms. However, little is known about the relative impact of different dispersal modes on plant diversification. We test the association between dispersal modes and diversification rates using Rhamnaceae, the cosmopolitan buckthorn family, as a model. We found that species with diplochory have the highest diversification rates followed by those with myrmecochory and ballistic dispersal, while lineages dispersed by vertebrates and wind have relatively low diversification rates. The difference in diversification rates may be closely linked to the difference in dispersal distance and ecological interactions implied by each dispersal mode. Species which disperse over larger geographical distances may have much higher speciation rates due to the increased chance of establishing isolated populations due to geological barriers or habitat fragmentation. However, long-distance dispersal may also increase the chance of extinction. By contrast, species with short-distance dispersal modes may have low speciation rates. Complex interactions with the surrounding environment may, however, impact diversification rates positively by increasing plant survival and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04013 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04013 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen 7800, 5020, Norway
| | - Ao Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Heng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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15
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Luján M, Leverett A, Winter K. Forty years of research into crassulacean acid metabolism in the genus Clusia: anatomy, ecophysiology and evolution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:739-752. [PMID: 36891814 PMCID: PMC10799992 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clusia is the only genus containing dicotyledonous trees with a capacity to perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Since the discovery of CAM in Clusia 40 years ago, several studies have highlighted the extraordinary plasticity and diversity of life forms, morphology and photosynthetic physiology of this genus. In this review, we revisit aspects of CAM photosynthesis in Clusia and hypothesize about the timing, the environmental conditions and potential anatomical characteristics that led to the evolution of CAM in the group. We discuss the role of physiological plasticity in influencing species distribution and ecological amplitude in the group. We also explore patterns of allometry of leaf anatomical traits and their correlations with CAM activity. Finally, we identify opportunities for further research on CAM in Clusia, such as the role of elevated nocturnal accumulation of citric acid, and gene expression in C3-CAM intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luján
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Alistair Leverett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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16
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Smyčka J, Toszogyova A, Storch D. The relationship between geographic range size and rates of species diversification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5559. [PMID: 37689787 PMCID: PMC10492861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Range size is a universal characteristic of every biological species, and is often assumed to affect diversification rate. There are strong theoretical arguments that large-ranged species should have higher rates of diversification. On the other hand, the observation that small-ranged species are often phylogenetically clustered might indicate high diversification of small-ranged species. This discrepancy between theory and the data may be caused by the fact that typical methods of data analysis do not account for range size changes during speciation. Here we use a cladogenetic state-dependent diversification model applied to mammals to show that range size changes during speciation are ubiquitous and small-ranged species indeed diversify generally slower, as theoretically expected. However, both range size and diversification are strongly influenced by idiosyncratic and spatially localized events, such as colonization of an archipelago or a mountain system, which often override the general pattern of range size evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smyčka
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Toszogyova
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Storch
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Kriebel R, Rose JP, Bastide P, Jolles D, Reginato M, Sytsma KJ. The evolution of Ericaceae flowers and their pollination syndromes at a global scale. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16220. [PMID: 37551426 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Floral evolution in large clades is difficult to study not only because of the number of species involved, but also because they often are geographically widespread and include a diversity of outcrossing pollination systems. The cosmopolitan blueberry family (Ericaceae) is one such example, most notably pollinated by bees and multiple clades of nectarivorous birds. METHODS We combined data on floral traits, pollination ecology, and geography with a comprehensive phylogeny to examine the structuring of floral diversity across pollination systems and continents. We focused on ornithophilous systems to test the hypothesis that some Old World Ericaceae were pollinated by now-extinct hummingbirds. RESULTS Despite some support for floral differentiation at a continental scale, we found a large amount of variability within and among landmasses, due to both phylogenetic conservatism and parallel evolution. We found support for floral differentiation in anther and corolla traits across pollination systems, including among different ornithophilous systems. Corolla traits show inconclusive evidence that some Old World Ericaceae were pollinated by hummingbirds, while anther traits show stronger evidence. Some major shifts in floral traits are associated with changes in pollination system, but shifts within bee systems are likely also important. CONCLUSIONS Studying the floral evolution of large, morphologically diverse, and widespread clades is feasible. We demonstrate that continent-specific radiations have led to widespread parallel evolution of floral morphology. We show that traits outside of the perianth may hold important clues to the ecological history of lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Paul Bastide
- IMAG, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Jolles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth State University, 17 High Street, Plymouth, New Hampshire, 03264-1594, USA
| | - Marcelo Reginato
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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18
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Junior JNADS, Silveira OT, Carpenter JM, Cunha DB. Divergence time analysis of the Neotropical wasp genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini) using a Multilocus Phylogenetic Approach. Zootaxa 2023; 5330:106-116. [PMID: 38220881 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The genus Protopolybia Ducke was analyzed using a multilocus phylogenetic approach, which confirmed its monophyly. In contrast with the arrangements derived solely from morphological data, however, this analysis divides the genus into only two major clades. The study also presents divergence times for the origin and diversification of Protopolybia, which are related to possible vicariant events occurring in the Amazon biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos N A Dos Santos Junior
- Universidade Federal do Sul and Sudeste do Par, Instituto de Estudos do Xingu, R. Constantino Viana, s/n, 68380-000, So Flix do Xingu, PA, Brazil..
| | - Orlando T Silveira
- Coordenao de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emlio Goeldi, MCTI, Av. Perimetral s/n, Campus de Pesquisa, 66040-170, Belem, PA, Brazil..
| | - James M Carpenter
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History..
| | - Divino B Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Sul and Sudeste do Par, Instituto de Estudos do Xingu, R. Constantino Viana, s/n, 68380-000, So Flix do Xingu, PA, Brazil. .
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19
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Dellinger AS, Hamilton AM, Wessinger CA, Smith S. Opposing Patterns of Altitude-Driven Pollinator Turnover in the Tropical and Temperate Americas. Am Nat 2023; 202:152-165. [PMID: 37531276 PMCID: PMC7614872 DOI: 10.1086/725017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAbiotic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation) vary markedly along elevational gradients and differentially affect major groups of pollinators. Ectothermic bees, for example, are impeded in visiting flowers by cold and rainy conditions common at high elevations, while endothermic hummingbirds may continue foraging under such conditions. Despite the possibly far-reaching effects of the abiotic environment on plant-pollinator interactions, we know little about how these factors play out at broad ecogeographic scales. We address this knowledge gap by investigating how pollination systems vary across elevations in 26 plant clades from the Americas. Specifically, we explore Cruden's 1972 hypothesis that the harsh montane environment drives a turnover from insect to vertebrate pollination at higher elevations. We compared the elevational distribution and bioclimatic attributes for a total of 2,232 flowering plants and found that Cruden's hypothesis holds only in the tropics. Above 30°N and below 30°S, plants pollinated by vertebrates (mostly hummingbirds) tend to occur at lower elevations than those pollinated by insects. We hypothesize that this latitudinal transition is due to the distribution of moist, forested habitats favored by vertebrate pollinators, which are common at high elevations in the tropics but not in the temperate Americas.
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20
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Yang X, Zhang X, Xue T, Zhang X, Yang F, Yu J, Janssens SB, Bussmann RW, Yu S. Phylogenomics and historical biogeography of Hydrangeeae (Hydrangeaceae) elucidate the effects of geologic and climatic dynamics on diversification. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230659. [PMID: 37491959 PMCID: PMC10369024 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Demonstrating the process of transregional biogeography and mechanisms underlying evolutionary radiations is crucial to understanding biological evolution. Here, we use Hydrangeeae (Hydrangeaceae), a tribe with a unique disjunct distribution and complex trait variations, using a solid phylogenetic framework, to investigate how geographical and climatic factors interact with functional traits to trigger plant evolutionary radiations. We constructed the first highly supported and dated phylogenetic framework using 79 protein-coding genes obtained from 81 plastomes, representing 63 species and all major clades, and found that most extant species originated from asynchronous diversification of two lineages undergoing repeated expansion and retraction, at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between East Asia and North America, during the Eocene to Pleistocene (driven by geologic and climatic dynamics). In accordance with these drivers, interactions of flora between central-eastern China and Japan occurred frequently after the Late Tertiary. We found that resource limitation and range fragmentation probably accelerated the diversification of Hydrangeeae, which supports the resource-use hypothesis. Our study sheds light on the evolutionary radiation and assembly of flora within East Asia, and the East Asian-North American disjunction, through integration of phylogenomic and biogeographic data with functional trait and ecological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven B. Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Botanical Street 1, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, State Museum for Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstraße 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jaramillo C. The evolution of extant South American tropical biomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:477-493. [PMID: 37103892 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the evolution of extant South American tropical biomes, focusing on when and why they developed. Tropical vegetation experienced a radical transformation from being dominated by non-angiosperms at the onset of the Cretaceous to full angiosperm dominance nowadays. Cretaceous tropical biomes do not have extant equivalents; lowland forests, dominated mainly by gymnosperms and ferns, lacked a closed canopy. This condition was radically transformed following the massive extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The extant lowland tropical rainforests first developed at the onset of the Cenozoic with a multistratified forest, an angiosperm-dominated closed canopy, and the dominance of the main families of the tropics including legumes. Cenozoic rainforest diversity has increased during global warming and decreased during global cooling. Tropical dry forests emerged at least by the late Eocene, whereas other Neotropical biomes including tropical savannas, montane forests, páramo/puna, and xerophytic forest are much younger, greatly expanding during the late Neogene, probably at the onset of the Quaternary, at the expense of the rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panama
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22
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Ren CQ, Zhang DQ, Liu XY, Zhang JQ. Genomic data provide a robust phylogeny backbone for Rhodiola L. (Crassulaceae) and reveal extensive reticulate evolution during its rapid radiation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107863. [PMID: 37329933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau and adjacent mountain regions (TP; including the Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya, Hengduan Mountains and Mountains of Central Asia) harbor great biodiversity, some lineages on which may have undergone rapid radiations. However, only a few studies have investigated the evolutionary pattern of such diversification in depth using genomic data. In this study, we reconstructed a robust phylogeny backbone of Rhodiola, a lineage that may have undergone rapid radiation in the TP, using Genotyping-by-sequencing data, and conducted a series of gene flow and diversification analyses. The concatenation and coalescent-based methods yield similar tree topologies, and five well-supported clades were revealed. Potential gene flow and introgression events were detected, both between species from different major clades and closely related species, suggesting pervasive hybridization and introgression. An initial rapid and later slowdown of the diversification rate was revealed, indicating niche filling. Molecular dating and correlation analyses showed that the uplift of TP and global cooling in the mid-Miocene might have played an important role in promoting the rapid radiation of Rhodiola. Our work demonstrates that gene flow and introgression might be an important contributor to rapid radiation possibly by quickly reassembling old genetic variation into new combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qian Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dan-Qing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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23
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Vargas OM, Madriñán S, Simpson B. Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in a recent high-Andean diversification ( Linochilus: Asteraceae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15479. [PMID: 37312875 PMCID: PMC10259450 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how species accumulate in diversity hotspots is an ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. The páramo, in the Northern Andes, has remarkably high indices of plant diversity, endemicity, and diversification rates. A hypothesis for explaining such indices is that allopatric speciation is high in the páramo given its island-like distribution. An alternative hypothesis is that the altitudinal gradient of the Andean topography provides a variety of niches that drive vertical parapatric ecological speciation. A formal test for evaluating the relative roles of allopatric and parapatric ecological speciation is lacking. The main aim of our study is to test which kind of speciation is more common in an endemic páramo genus. We developed a framework incorporating phylogenetics, species' distributions, and a morpho-ecological trait (leaf area) to compare sister species and infer whether allopatric or parapatric ecological divergence caused their speciation. We applied our framework to the species-rich genus Linochilus (63 spp.) and found that the majority of recent speciation events in it (12 events, 80%) have been driven by allopatric speciation, while a smaller fraction (one event, 6.7%) is attributed to parapatric ecological speciation; two pairs of sister species produced inconclusive results (13.3%). We conclude that páramo autochthonous (in-situ) diversification has been primarily driven by allopatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Santiago Madriñán
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Jardín Botánico de Cartagena, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - Beryl Simpson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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24
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Kahnt B, Theodorou P, Grimm-Seyfarth A, Onstein RE. When lizards try out a more plant-based lifestyle: The macroevolution of mutualistic lizard-plant-interactions (Squamata: Sauria/Lacertilia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107839. [PMID: 37290582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollination and seed dispersal of plants by animals are key mutualistic processes for the conservation of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. Although different animals frequently act as pollinators or seed dispersers, some species can provide both functions, so-called 'double mutualists', suggesting that the evolution of pollination and seed dispersal may be linked. Here, we assess the macroevolution of mutualistic behaviours in lizards (Lacertilia) by applying comparative methods to a phylogeny comprising 2,838 species. We found that both flower visitation (potential pollination) (recorded in 64 species [2.3% of total] across 9 families) and seed dispersal (recorded in 382 species [13,5% of total] across 26 families) have evolved repeatedly in Lacertilia. Furthermore, we found that seed dispersal activity pre-dated flower visitation and that the evolution of seed dispersal activity and flower visitation was correlated, illustrating a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the emergence of double mutualisms. Finally, we provide evidence that lineages with flower visitation or seed dispersal activity have higher diversification rates than lineages lacking these behaviours. Our study illustrates the repeated innovation of (double) mutualisms across Lacertilia and we argue that island settings may provide the ecological conditions under which (double) mutualisms persist over macroevolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Kahnt
- General Zoology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg, 2 2333CR Leiden, the Netherlands
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25
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Stokes MF, Kim D, Gallen SF, Benavides E, Keck BP, Wood J, Goldberg SL, Larsen IJ, Mollish JM, Simmons JW, Near TJ, Perron JT. Erosion of heterogeneous rock drives diversification of Appalachian fishes. Science 2023; 380:855-859. [PMID: 37228195 DOI: 10.1126/science.add9791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The high levels of biodiversity supported by mountains suggest a possible link between geologic processes and biological evolution. Freshwater biodiversity is high not only in tectonically active settings but also in tectonically quiescent montane regions such as the Appalachian Mountains. We show that erosion through different rock types drove allopatric divergence between lineages of the Greenfin Darter (Nothonotus chlorobranchius), a fish species endemic to rivers draining metamorphic rocks in the Tennessee River basin in the United States. In the past, metamorphic rock preferred by N. chlorobranchius was more widespread, but as erosion exposed other rock types, lineages of this species were progressively isolated in tributaries farther upstream, where metamorphic rock remained. Our results suggest a geologic mechanism for initiating allopatric diversification in mountains long after tectonic activity ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya F Stokes
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Daemin Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sean F Gallen
- Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Edgar Benavides
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Benjamin P Keck
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Julia Wood
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Samuel L Goldberg
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Isaac J Larsen
- Department of Earth, Geographic, and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jon Michael Mollish
- Fisheries and Aquatic Monitoring, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN 37415, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Simmons
- Fisheries and Aquatic Monitoring, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN 37415, USA
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Taylor Perron
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Dantas-Queiroz MV, Hurbath F, de Russo Godoy FM, Lanna FM, Versieux LM, Palma-Silva C. Comparative phylogeography reveals the demographic patterns of neotropical ancient mountain species. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 36934376 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Mountains are renowned for their bountiful biodiversity. Explanations on the origin of such abundant life are usually regarded to their orogenic history. However, ancient mountain systems with geological stability also exhibit astounding levels of number of species and endemism, as illustrated by the Brazilian Quartzitic Mountains (BQM) in Eastern South America. Thus, cycles of climatic changes over the last couple million years are usually assumed to play an important role in the origin of mountainous biota. These climatic oscillations potentially isolated and reconnected adjacent populations, a phenomenon known as flickering connectivity, accelerating speciation events due to range fragmentation, dispersion, secondary contact, and hybridization. To evaluate the role of the climatic fluctuations on the diversification of the BQM biota, we estimated the ancient demography of distinct endemic species of animals and plants using hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation analysis and Ecological Niche Modelling. Additionally, we evaluated if climatic oscillations have driven a genetic spatial congruence in the genetic structure of codistributed species from the Espinhaço Range, one of the main BQM areas. Our results show that the majority of plant lineages underwent a synchronous expansion over the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, c. 21 thousand years ago), although we could not obtain a clear demographic pattern for the animal lineages. We also obtained a signal of a congruent phylogeographic break between lineages endemic to the Espinhaço Range, suggesting how ancient climatic oscillations might have driven the evolutionary history of the Espinhaço's biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vinicius Dantas-Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Evolutionary Plant Biology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Fernanda Hurbath
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - Unidade Passos, Av. Juca Stockler, 1130, bairro Belo Horizonte, Passos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria de Russo Godoy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Flávia Mol Lanna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology. Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leonardo M Versieux
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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27
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Moein F, Jamzad Z, Rahiminejad M, Landis JB, Mirtadzadini M, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Towards a global perspective for Salvia L.: Phylogeny, diversification and floral evolution. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:589-604. [PMID: 36759951 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvia is the most species-rich genus in Lamiaceae, encompassing approximately 1000 species distributed all over the world. We sought a new evolutionary perspective for Salvia by employing macroevolutionary analyses to address the tempo and mode of diversification. To study the association of floral traits with speciation and extinction, we modelled and explored the evolution of corolla length and the lever-mechanism pollination system across our Salvia phylogeny. We reconstructed a multigene phylogeny for 366 species of Salvia in the broad sense including all major recognized lineages and 50 species from Iran, a region previously overlooked in studies of the genus. Our comprehensive sampling of Iranian species of Salvia provides higher phylogenetic resolution for southwestern Asian species than obtained in previous studies. Our phylogenetic data in combination with divergence time estimates were used to examine the evolution of corolla length, woody versus herbaceous habit, and presence versus absence of a lever mechanism. We investigated the timing and dependence of Salvia diversification related to corolla length evolution through a disparity test and BAMM analysis. A HiSSE model was used to evaluate the dependency of diversification on the lever-mechanism pollination system in Salvia. A medium corolla length (15-18 mm) was reconstructed as the ancestral state for Salvia with multiple shifts to shorter and longer corollas. Macroevolutionary model analyses indicate that corolla length disparity is high throughout Salvia evolution, significantly different from expectations under a Brownian motion model during the last 28 million years of evolution. Our analyses show evidence of a higher diversification rate of corolla length for some Andean species of Salvia compared to other members of the genus. Based on our tests of diversification models, we reject the hypothesis of a direct effect of the lever mechanism on Salvia diversification. Therefore, we suggest caution in considering the lever-mechanism pollination system as one of the main drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moein
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Jamzad
- Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rahiminejad
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jacob B Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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28
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Vallejos-Garrido P, Pino K, Espinoza-Aravena N, Pari A, Inostroza-Michael O, Toledo-Muñoz M, Castillo-Ravanal B, Romero-Alarcón V, Hernández CE, Palma RE, Rodríguez-Serrano E. The importance of the Andes in the evolutionary radiation of Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Cricetidae), the most diverse group of mammals in the Neotropics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2207. [PMID: 36750620 PMCID: PMC9905555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Andean mountains stand out for their striking species richness and endemicity that characterize many emblematic Neotropical clades distributed in or around these mountains. The radiation of the Sigmodontinae subfamily, the most diversified mammalian group in the Neotropics, has been historically related to Andean orogenesis. We aim to evaluate this interplay between geological processes and biological responses through the diversification dynamics, the biogeographical history, and the range evolution of the subfamily. For these, we built the most comprehensive phylogeny and gathered 14,836 occurrences for the subfamily. We identified one shift in the speciation rate in the genus Akodon, which suffered their Andean radiation after the arrival of non-Andean ancestors. Our biogeographic analyses show multiple dispersal paths throughout the evolution that allowed this subfamily to colonize all Neotropics. The Northern Andes and Central-Southern Andes were the most important sources of diversity. In addition, the Central-Southern Andes were the most relevant sink, receiving the highest number of lineages. The Andean region exhibited higher speciation and turnover rates than non-Andean regions. Thus, our results support the crucial role of the Andean Mountains in the Sigmodontinae radiation, acting as a "macroevolutionary cradle" and "species attractor" for several sigmodontine lineages at different times, and as a "species pump" becoming the biogeographic source of multiple widely distributed neotropical lineages. Then, complex macroevolutionary dynamics would explain these rodents' high extant Andean diversity and their wide distribution in the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vallejos-Garrido
- Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Vida Silvestre Investigadores Limitada, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kateryn Pino
- Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Nicolás Espinoza-Aravena
- Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexander Pari
- Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Oscar Inostroza-Michael
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Macarena Toledo-Muñoz
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Mención Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Boris Castillo-Ravanal
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Mención Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Cristián E Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - R Eduardo Palma
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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29
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Tian K, Chai P, Wang Y, Chen L, Qian H, Chen S, Mi X, Ren H, Ma K, Chen J. Species diversity pattern and its drivers of the understory herbaceous plants in a Chinese subtropical forest. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understory herbaceous plants are an important component of forest ecosystems, playing important roles in species diversity and forest dynamics in forests. However, the current understanding of the biodiversity of forest communities is mostly from woody plants, and knowledge of community structure and species diversity for understory herbaceous plants remains scarce. In a subtropical forest in China, we investigated understory vascular herbaceous diversity from 300 plots (5 × 5 m) in the main growing season. In this study, we analyzed the community structure and diversity pattern of the understory herbaceous community and linked the species diversity pattern to both abiotic and biotic environments. We found a rich diversity of understory herbaceous communities in this forest (81 species belonging to 55 genera), and floristic elements at the genus level were dominated by tropical elements, followed by temperate elements. The diversity pattern of the understory herbaceous showed a significant habitat preference, with the highest diversity in the lowland valleys and then followed by in middle slopes. In addition, herbaceous diversity was significantly affected by both abiotic factors (such as terrain convexity) and biotic factors (such as the diversity of surrounding woody plants). Our study indicated that species diversity of understory herbaceous showed a remarkable habitat preference, such as lowland valleys, and highlighted the importance of both abiotic and biotic environments in driving herbaceous diversity patterns in the subtropical forest understory.
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30
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Muñoz-Valencia V, Montoya-Lerma J, Seppä P, Diaz F. Landscape genetics across the Andes mountains: Environmental variation drives genetic divergence in the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:95-109. [PMID: 36261873 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishing among the mechanisms underlying the spatial distribution of genetic variation resulting from the environmental or physical barriers from those arising due to simple geographic distance is challenging in complex landscapes. The Andean uplift represents one of the most heterogeneous habitats where multiple mechanisms may interact, confounding their relative roles. We explore this broad question in the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes, a species that is distributed across the Andes mountains, using nuclear microsatellite markers and mtCOI gene sequences. We investigate spatial genetic divergence across the western range of the northern Andes in Colombia by testing the relative role of alternative scenarios of population divergence, including isolation by geographic distance (IBD), climatic conditions (IBE), and the physical barriers presented by the Andes mountains (IBB). Our results reveal substantial genetic differentiation among A. cephalotes populations for both types of markers, but only nuclear divergence followed a hierarchical pattern with multiple models of genetic divergence imposed by the western range. Model selection showed that the IBD, IBE (temperature and precipitation), and IBB (Andes mountains) models, often proposed as individual drivers of genetic divergence, interact, and explain up to 33% of the genetic divergence in A. cephalotes. The IBE model remained significant after accounting for IBD, suggesting that environmental factors play a more prominent role than IBB. These factors, in combination with the idiosyncratic dispersal patterns of ants, appear to determine the hierarchical patterns of gene flow. This study enriches our understanding of the forces shaping population divergence in complex habitat landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Muñoz-Valencia
- Group of Agroecosystem Ecology and Natural Habitats, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - James Montoya-Lerma
- Group of Agroecosystem Ecology and Natural Habitats, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Perttu Seppä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fernando Diaz
- Biology Department, Colgate University, New York, USA
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Liu X, Cai HM, Wang WQ, Lin W, Su ZW, Ma ZH. Why is the beautyberry so colourful? Evolution, biogeography, and diversification of fruit colours in Callicarpa (Lamiaceae). PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:6-19. [PMID: 36876305 PMCID: PMC9975479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit colour is essential to seed dispersal, speciation, and biological diversity in global ecosystems. The relationship between fruit-colour variation and species diversification has long been of interest in evolutionary biology, but remains poorly understood at the genus level. Here, we used Callicarpa, a typical representative of pantropical angiosperm, to analyse whether fruit colours are correlated with biogeographic distribution, dispersal events, and diversification rate. We estimated a time-calibrated phylogeny for Callicarpa and reconstructed ancestral fruit colour. Utilizing phylogenetic methods, we estimated the major dispersal events across the phylogenetic tree and the most likely fruit colours related to each dispersal event, and tested whether the dispersal frequencies and distances of the four fruit colours between major biogeographical areas were equal. We then tested whether fruit colours are correlated with latitude, elevation, and diversification rate. Biogeographical reconstructions showed that Callicarpa originated in the East Asia and Southeast Asia during the Eocene (∼35.53 Ma) and diverse species diverged mainly in the Miocene and lasted into the Pleistocene. Large-scale dispersal events were significantly associated with violet-fruited lineages. Furthermore, different fruit colours were markedly correlated with different latitudes and elevations (e.g., violet fruits were correlated with higher latitudes and elevations; red fruits and black fruits with lower latitudes; white fruits with higher elevations). Notably, violet fruits were statistically associated with highest diversification rates, driving fruit colour variation among different regions globally. Our results contribute to further understanding why fruit colour is so variable at the genus level of angiosperms in different areas around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Cai
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiao Wang
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Su
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hui Ma
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
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Testo WL, de Gasper AL, Molino S, Galán JMGY, Salino A, Dittrich VADO, Sessa EB. Deep vicariance and frequent transoceanic dispersal shape the evolutionary history of a globally distributed fern family. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1579-1595. [PMID: 36063431 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The historical biogeography of ferns is typically expected to be dominated by long-distance dispersal due to their minuscule spores. However, few studies have inferred the historical biogeography of a large and widely distributed group of ferns to test this hypothesis. Our aims were to determine the extent to which long-distance dispersal vs. vicariance have shaped the history of the fern family Blechnaceae, to explore ecological correlates of dispersal and diversification, and to determine whether these patterns differ between the northern and southern hemispheres. METHODS We used sequence data for three chloroplast loci to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny for 154 of 265 species of Blechnaceae, including representatives of all genera in the family. This tree was used to conduct ancestral range reconstruction and stochastic character mapping, estimate diversification rates, and identify ecological correlates of diversification. RESULTS Blechnaceae originated in Eurasia and began diversifying in the late Cretaceous. A lineage comprising most extant diversity diversified principally in the austral Pacific region around the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Land connections that existed near the poles during periods of warm climates likely facilitated migration of several lineages, with subsequent climate-mediated vicariance shaping current distributions. Long-distance dispersal is frequent and asymmetrical, with New Zealand/Pacific Islands, Australia, and tropical America being major source areas. CONCLUSIONS Ancient vicariance and extensive long-distance dispersal have shaped the history of Blechnaceae in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The exceptional diversity in austral regions appears to reflect rapid speciation in these areas; mechanisms underlying this evolutionary success remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston L Testo
- Department of Biology, 876 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76102, USA
- Department of Science and Education, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - André L de Gasper
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Victor Konder, CEP 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sonia Molino
- Unit of Botany, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Jose Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Gabriel Y Galán
- Unit of Botany, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Jose Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Salino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, 876 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Etl F, Kaiser C, Reiser O, Schubert M, Dötterl S, Schönenberger J. Evidence for the recruitment of florivorous plant bugs as pollinators. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4688-4698.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Valderrama E, Landis JB, Skinner D, Maas PJM, Maas-van de Kramer H, André T, Grunder N, Sass C, Pinilla-Vargas M, Guan CJ, Phillips HR, de Almeida AMR, Specht CD. The genetic mechanisms underlying the convergent evolution of pollination syndromes in the Neotropical radiation of Costus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874322. [PMID: 36161003 PMCID: PMC9493542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Selection together with variation in floral traits can act to mold floral form, often driven by a plant's predominant or most effective pollinators. To investigate the evolution of traits associated with pollination, we developed a phylogenetic framework for evaluating tempo and mode of pollination shifts across the genus Costus L., known for its evolutionary toggle between traits related to bee and bird pollination. Using a target enrichment approach, we obtained 957 loci for 171 accessions to expand the phylogenetic sampling of Neotropical Costus. In addition, we performed whole genome resequencing for a subset of 20 closely related species with contrasting pollination syndromes. For each of these 20 genomes, a high-quality assembled transcriptome was used as reference for consensus calling of candidate loci hypothesized to be associated with pollination-related traits of interest. To test for the role these candidate genes may play in evolutionary shifts in pollinators, signatures of selection were estimated as dN/dS across the identified candidate loci. We obtained a well-resolved phylogeny for Neotropical Costus despite conflict among gene trees that provide evidence of incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulation. The overall topology and the network of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicate that multiple shifts in pollination strategy have occurred across Costus, while also suggesting the presence of previously undetected signatures of hybridization between distantly related taxa. Traits related to pollination syndromes are strongly correlated and have been gained and lost in concert several times throughout the evolution of the genus. The presence of bract appendages is correlated with two traits associated with defenses against herbivory. Although labellum shape is strongly correlated with overall pollination syndrome, we found no significant impact of labellum shape on diversification rates. Evidence suggests an interplay of pollination success with other selective pressures shaping the evolution of the Costus inflorescence. Although most of the loci used for phylogenetic inference appear to be under purifying selection, many candidate genes associated with functional traits show evidence of being under positive selection. Together these results indicate an interplay of phylogenetic history with adaptive evolution leading to the diversification of pollination-associated traits in Neotropical Costus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Valderrama
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jacob B. Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dave Skinner
- Le Jardin Ombragé, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Paul J. M. Maas
- Section Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Thiago André
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nikolaus Grunder
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Chodon Sass
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Pinilla-Vargas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Clarice J. Guan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Heather R. Phillips
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Chelsea D. Specht
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Brignone NF, Pozner R, Denham SS. Macroevolutionary trends and diversification dynamics in Atripliceae (Amaranthaceae s.l., Chenopodioideae): a first approach. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:199-214. [PMID: 35737947 PMCID: PMC9445597 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atripliceae evolved and diversified by dispersals and radiations across continents in both hemispheres, colonizing similar semi-arid, saline-alkaline environments throughout the world. Meanwhile, its species developed different life forms, photosynthetic pathways, mono- or dioecy, and different morphological features in flowers, fruiting bracteoles and seeds. In this study, we introduce a first approach to the macroevolutionary patterns and diversification dynamics of the Atripliceae to understand how time, traits, speciation, extinction and new habitats influenced the evolution of this lineage. METHODS We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses and clade age estimation of Atripliceae to apply time-, trait- and geographic-dependent diversification analyses and ancestral state reconstructions to explore diversification patterns within the tribe. KEY RESULTS Opposite diversification dynamics within the two major clades of Atripliceae, the Archiatriplex and Atriplex clades, could explain the unbalanced species richness between them; we found low mean speciation rates in the Archiatriplex clade and one shift to higher speciation rates placed in the branch of the Atriplex core. This acceleration in diversification seems to have started before the transition between C3 and C4 metabolism and before the arrival of Atriplex in the Americas, and matches the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. Besides, the American species of Atriplex exhibit slightly higher net diversification rates than the Australian and Eurasian ones. While time seems not to be associated with diversification, traits such as life form, photosynthetic pathway and plant sex may have played roles as diversification drivers. CONCLUSIONS Traits more than time played a key role in Atripliceae diversification, and we could speculate that climate changes could have triggered speciation. The extreme arid or saline environments where Atripliceae species prevail may explain its particular evolutionary trends and trait correlations compared with other angiosperms and highlight the importance of conservation efforts needed to preserve them as genetic resources to deal with climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Pozner
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales), Labardén, Casilla de Correo, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia S Denham
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales), Labardén, Casilla de Correo, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Biotecnología Sustentable (LIBioS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Tumi L, Suni ML, Arakaki M, Burgess KS, Ge X. Genetic markers in Andean
Puya
species (Bromeliaceae) with implications on plastome evolution and phylogeny. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9159. [PMID: 35919393 PMCID: PMC9336176 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Andean plant endemic Puya is a striking example of recent and rapid diversification from central Chile to the northern Andes, tracking mountain uplift. This study generated 12 complete plastomes representing nine Puya species and compared them to five published plastomes for their features, genomic evolution, and phylogeny. The total size of the Puya plastomes ranged from 159,542 to 159,839 bp with 37.3%–37.4% GC content. The Puya plastomes were highly conserved in organization and structure with a typical quadripartite genome structure. Each of the 17 consensus plastomes harbored 133 genes, including 87 protein‐coding genes, 38 tRNA (transfer RNA) genes, and eight rRNA (ribosomal RNA) genes; we found 69–78 tandem repeats, 45–60 SSRs (simple sequence repeats), and 8–22 repeat structures among 13 species. Four protein‐coding genes were identified under positive site‐specific selection in Puya. The complete plastomes and hypervariable regions collectively provided pronounced species discrimination in Puya and a practical tool for future phylogenetic studies. The reconstructed phylogeny and estimated divergence time for the lineage suggest that the diversification of Puya is related to Andean orogeny and Pleistocene climatic oscillations. This study provides plastome resources for species delimitation and novel phylogenetic and biogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Qu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- College of Pharmacy Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xi'an China
| | - Liscely Tumi
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Mery L. Suni
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Mónica Arakaki
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of Biology, Columbus State University University System of Georgia Columbus Georgia USA
| | - Xue‐Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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Harenčár JG, Ávila‐Lovera E, Goldsmith GR, Chen GF, Kay KM. Flexible drought deciduousness in a neotropical understory herb. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1262-1272. [PMID: 35862815 PMCID: PMC9545341 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Adaptive divergence across environmental gradients is a key driver of speciation. Precipitation seasonality gradients are common in the tropics, yet drought adaptation is nearly unexplored in neotropical understory herbs. Here, we examined two recently diverged neotropical spiral gingers, one adapted to seasonal drought and one reliant on perennial water, to uncover the basis of drought adaptation. METHODS We combined ecophysiological trait measurements in the field and greenhouse with experimental and observational assessments of real-time drought response to determine how Costus villosissimus (Costaceae) differs from C. allenii to achieve drought adaptation. RESULTS We found that drought-adapted C. villosissimus has several characteristics indicating flexible dehydration avoidance via semi-drought-deciduousness and a fast economic strategy. Although the two species do not differ in water-use efficiency, C. villosissimus has a more rapid growth rate, lower leaf mass per area, lower stem density, higher leaf nitrogen, and a strong trend of greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates. These fast economic strategy traits align with both field-based observations and experimental dry-down results. During drought, C. villosissimus displays facultative drought-deciduousness, losing lower leaves during the dry season and rapidly growing new leaves in the wet season. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a drought adaptation strategy that has not, to our knowledge, previously been documented in tropical herbs. This divergent drought adaptation evolved recently and is an important component of reproductive isolation between C. villosissimus and C. allenii, indicating that adaptive shifts to survive seasonal drought may be an underappreciated axis of neotropical understory plant diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Harenčár
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
| | - Eleinis Ávila‐Lovera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado Postal 0843‐03092Panamá, República de Panamá
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCA92866USA
| | | | - Grace F. Chen
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC27858USA
| | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
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Zhao N, Park S, Zhang YQ, Nie ZL, Ge XJ, Kim S, Yan HF. Fingerprints of climatic changes through the late Cenozoic in southern Asian flora: Magnolia section Michelia (Magnoliaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:41-52. [PMID: 35460565 PMCID: PMC9295916 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ongoing global warming is a challenge for humankind. A series of drastic climatic changes have been proven to have occurred throughout the Cenozoic based on a variety of geological evidence, which helps to better understand our planet's future climate. Notably, extant biomes have recorded drastic environmental shifts. The climate in southern Asia, which hosts high biodiversity, is deeply impacted by the Asian monsoon. The origins and evolutionary dynamics of biomes occurring between the tropics and sub-tropics in southern Asia have probably been deeply impacted by climatic changes; however, these aspects remain poorly studied. We tested whether the evolutionary dynamics of the above biomes have recorded the drastic, late Cenozoic environmental shifts, by focusing on Magnolia section Michelia of the family Magnoliaceae. METHODS We established a fine time-calibrated phylogeny of M. section Michelia based on complete plastid genomes and inferred its ancestral ranges. Finally, we estimated the evolutionary dynamics of this section through time, determining its diversification rate and the dispersal events that occurred between tropical and sub-tropical areas. KEY RESULTS The tropical origin of M. section Michelia was dated to the late Oligocene; however, the diversification of its core group (i.e. M. section Michelia subsection Michelia) has occurred mainly from the late Miocene onward. Two key evolutionary shifts (dated approx. 8 and approx. 3 million years ago, respectively) were identified, each of them probably in response to drastic climatic changes. CONCLUSION Here, we inferred the underlying evolutionary dynamics of biomes in southern Asia, which probably reflect late Cenozoic climatic changes. The occurrence of modern Asian monsoons was probably fundamental for the origin of M. section Michelia; moreover, the occurrence of asymmetric dispersal events between the tropics and sub-tropics hint at an adaptation strategy of M. section Michelia to global cooling, in agreement with the tropical conservatism hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Qu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 712046, China
| | - Ze-Long Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Xue-Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Donoghue MJ, Eaton DAR, Maya-Lastra CA, Landis MJ, Sweeney PW, Olson ME, Cacho NI, Moeglein MK, Gardner JR, Heaphy NM, Castorena M, Rivas AS, Clement WL, Edwards EJ. Replicated radiation of a plant clade along a cloud forest archipelago. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1318-1329. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vasconcelos T, O'Meara BC, Beaulieu JM. A flexible method for estimating tip diversification rates across a range of speciation and extinction scenarios. Evolution 2022; 76:1420-1433. [PMID: 35661352 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of diversification rates at the tips of a phylogeny provide a flexible approach for correlation analyses with multiple traits and to map diversification rates in space while also avoiding the uncertainty of deep time rate reconstructions. Available methods for tip rate estimation make different assumptions, and thus their accuracy usually depends on the characteristics of the underlying model generating the tree. Here, we introduce MiSSE, a trait-free, state-dependent speciation and extinction approach that can be used to estimate varying speciation, extinction, net diversification, turnover, and extinction fractions at the tips of the tree. We compare the accuracy of tip rates inferred by MiSSE against similar methods and demonstrate that, due to certain characteristics of the model, the error is generally low across a broad range of speciation and extinction scenarios. MiSSE can be used alongside regular phylogenetic comparative methods in trait-related diversification hypotheses, and we also describe a simple correction to avoid pseudoreplication from sister tips in analyses of independent contrasts. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of MiSSE, with a renewed focus on classic comparative methods, to examine the correlation between plant height and turnover rates in eucalypts, a species-rich lineage of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Vasconcelos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701
| | - Brian C O'Meara
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Jeremy M Beaulieu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701
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Boehm MMA, Guevara‐Apaza D, Jankowski JE, Cronk QCB. Floral phenology of an Andean bellflower and pollination by buff-tailed sicklebill hummingbird. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8988. [PMID: 35784085 PMCID: PMC9168340 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Andean bellflowers comprise an explosive radiation correlated with shifts to specialized pollination. One diverse clade has evolved with extremely curved floral tubes and is predicted to be pollinated exclusively by one of two parapatric species of sicklebill hummingbirds (Eutoxeres). In this study, we focused on the floral biology of Centropogon granulosus, a bellflower thought to be specialized for pollination by Eutoxeres condamini, in a montane cloud forest site in southeastern Peru. Using camera traps and a pollination exclusion experiment, we documented E. condamini as the sole pollinator of C. granulosus. Visitation by E. condamini was necessary for fruit development. Flowering rates were unequivocally linear and conformed to the "steady-state" phenological type. Over the course of >1800 h of monitoring, we recorded 12 E. condamini visits totaling 42 s, indicating traplining behavior. As predicted by its curved flowers, C. granulosus is exclusively pollinated by buff-tailed sicklebill within our study area. We present evidence for the congruence of phenology and visitation as a driver of specialization in this highly diverse clade of Andean bellflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannfred M. A. Boehm
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - David Guevara‐Apaza
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPeru
| | - Jill E. Jankowski
- Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Quentin C. B. Cronk
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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42
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Abrahamczyk S, Steudel B. Why are some hummingbird-pollinated plant clades so species-rich? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1059-1062. [PMID: 35694735 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plant, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bastian Steudel
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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43
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Smyčka J, Roquet C, Boleda M, Alberti A, Boyer F, Douzet R, Perrier C, Rome M, Valay JG, Denoeud F, Šemberová K, Zimmermann NE, Thuiller W, Wincker P, Alsos IG, Coissac E, Lavergne S. Tempo and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountain system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2750. [PMID: 35585056 PMCID: PMC9117672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still limited consensus on the evolutionary history of species-rich temperate alpine floras due to a lack of comparable and high-quality phylogenetic data covering multiple plant lineages. Here we reconstructed when and how European alpine plant lineages diversified, i.e., the tempo and drivers of speciation events. We performed full-plastome phylogenomics and used multi-clade comparative models applied to six representative angiosperm lineages that have diversified in European mountains (212 sampled species, 251 ingroup species total). Diversification rates remained surprisingly steady for most clades, even during the Pleistocene, with speciation events being mostly driven by geographic divergence and bedrock shifts. Interestingly, we inferred asymmetrical historical migration rates from siliceous to calcareous bedrocks, and from higher to lower elevations, likely due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of high elevation habitats during the Pleistocene. This may have buffered climate-related extinctions, but prevented speciation along elevation gradients as often documented for tropical alpine floras. Here, the authors use full-plastome phylogenomics and multiclade comparative models to reconstruct the tempo and drivers of six European Alpine angiosperm lineages before and during the Pleistocene. They find that geographic divergence and bedrock shifts drive speciation events, while diversification rates remained steady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smyčka
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France. .,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France.,Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martí Boleda
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), FR-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rolland Douzet
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Perrier
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rome
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - France Denoeud
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Kristýna Šemberová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Inger G Alsos
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Coissac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
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44
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Lagomarsino LP, Frankel L, Uribe-Convers S, Antonelli A, Muchhala N. Increased resolution in the face of conflict: phylogenomics of the Neotropical bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae), a rapid plant radiation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:723-736. [PMID: 35363863 PMCID: PMC9113290 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The centropogonid clade (Lobelioideae: Campanulaceae) is an Andean-centred rapid radiation characterized by repeated convergent evolution of morphological traits, including fruit type and pollination syndromes. While previous studies have resolved relationships of lineages with fleshy fruits into subclades, relationships among capsular species remain unresolved. This lack of resolution has impeded reclassification of non-monophyletic genera, whose current taxonomy relies heavily on traits that have undergone convergent evolution. METHODS Targeted sequence capture using a probe-set recently developed for the centropogonid clade was used to obtain phylogenomic data from DNA extracted from both silica-dried and herbarium leaf tissue. These data were used to infer relationships among species using concatenated and partitioned species tree methods, and to quantify gene tree discordance. KEY RESULTS While silica-dried leaf tissue resulted in longer assembled sequence data, the inclusion of herbarium samples improved taxonomic representation. Relationships among baccate lineages are similar to those inferred in previous studies, although they differ for lineages within and among capsular clades. We improve the phylogenetic resolution of Siphocampylus, which forms ten groups of closely related species which we informally name. Two subclades of Siphocampylus and two individual species are rogue taxa whose placement differs widely across analyses. Gene tree discordance (including cytonuclear discordance) is rampant. CONCLUSIONS This first phylogenomic study of the centropogonid clade considerably improves our understanding of relationships in this rapid radiation. Differences across analyses and the possibility of additional lineage discoveries still hamper a solid and stable reclassification. Rapid morphological innovation corresponds with a high degree of phylogenomic complexity, including cytonuclear discordance, nuclear gene tree conflict and well-supported differences between analyses based on different nuclear loci. Together, these results point to a potential role of hemiplasy underlying repeated convergent evolution. This hallmark of rapid radiations is probably present in many other species-rich Andean plant radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Lagomarsino
- Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren Frankel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon Uribe-Convers
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Plant Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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45
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Ashokan A, Xavier A, Suksathan P, Ardiyani M, Leong-Škorničková J, Newman M, Kress WJ, Gowda V. Himalayan orogeny and monsoon intensification explain species diversification in an endemic ginger (Hedychium: Zingiberaceae) from the Indo-Malayan Realm. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107440. [PMID: 35192919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Indo-Malayan Realm is a biogeographic realm that extends from the Indian Subcontinent to the islands of Southeast Asia (Malay Archipelago). Despite being megadiverse, evolutionary hypotheses explaining taxonomic diversity in this region have been rare. Here, we investigate the role of geoclimatic events such as Himalayan orogeny and monsoon intensification in the diversification of the ginger-lilies (Hedychium J.Koenig: Zingiberaceae). We first built a comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny of Hedychium with 75% taxonomic and geographic sampling. We found that Hedychium is a very young lineage that originated in Northern Indo-Burma, in the Late Miocene (c. 10.6 Ma). This was followed by a late Neogene and early Quaternary diversification, with multiple dispersal events to Southern Indo-Burma, Himalayas, Peninsular India, and the Malay Archipelago. The most speciose clade IV i.e., the predominantly Indo-Burmese clade also showed a higher diversification rate, suggesting its recent rapid radiation. Our divergence dating and GeoHiSSE results demonstrate that the diversification of Hedychium was shaped by both the intensifications in the Himalayan uplift as well as the Asian monsoon. Ancestral character-state reconstructions identified the occurrence of vegetative dormancy in both clades I and II, whereas the strictly epiphytic growth behavior, island dwarfism, lack of dormancy, and a distinct environmental niche were observed only in the predominantly island clade i.e., clade III. Finally, we show that the occurrence of epiphytism in clade III corresponds with submergence due to sea-level changes, suggesting it to be an adaptive trait. Our study highlights the role of recent geoclimatic events and environmental factors in the diversification of plants within the Indo-Malayan Realm and the need for collaborative work to understand biogeographic patterns within this understudied region. This study opens new perspectives for future biogeographic studies in this region and provides a framework to explain the taxonomic hyperdiversity of the Indo-Malayan Realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ashokan
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
| | - Aleena Xavier
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Piyakaset Suksathan
- Herbarium (QBG), Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - Marlina Ardiyani
- Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences/Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Cibinong Science Center, Jl Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16912, Indonesia
| | - Jana Leong-Škorničková
- Research & Conservation Branch, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore
| | - Mark Newman
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - W John Kress
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
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46
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Pérez-Escobar OA, Zizka A, Bermúdez MA, Meseguer AS, Condamine FL, Hoorn C, Hooghiemstra H, Pu Y, Bogarín D, Boschman LM, Pennington RT, Antonelli A, Chomicki G. The Andes through time: evolution and distribution of Andean floras. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:364-378. [PMID: 35000859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean vascular plant diversity by estimating a list of all species with publicly available records, which we integrate with a phylogenetic dataset of 14 501 Neotropical plant species in 194 clades. We find that (i) the Andean flora comprises at least 28 691 georeferenced species documented to date, (ii) Northern Andean mid-elevation cloud forests are the most species-rich Andean ecosystems, (iii) the Andes are a key source and sink of Neotropical plant diversity, and (iv) the Andes, Amazonia, and other Neotropical biomes have had a considerable amount of biotic interchange through time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Biodiversity of Plants, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mauricio A Bermúdez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Geológica, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Andrea S Meseguer
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Hooghiemstra
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanshu Pu
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diego Bogarín
- Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lydian M Boschman
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK; Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW9 3AB, Surrey, UK; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Guillaume Chomicki
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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47
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Dellinger AS, Paun O, Baar J, Temsch EM, Fernández-Fernández D, Schönenberger J. Population structure in Neotropical plants: integrating pollination biology, topography and climatic niches. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2264-2280. [PMID: 35175652 PMCID: PMC9310734 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal pollinators mediate gene flow among plant populations, but in contrast to well‐studied topographic and (Pleistocene) environmental isolating barriers, their impact on population genetic differentiation remains largely unexplored. Comparing how these multifarious factors drive microevolutionary histories is, however, crucial for better resolving macroevolutionary patterns of plant diversification. Here we combined genomic analyses with landscape genetics and niche modelling across six related Neotropical plant species (424 individuals across 33 localities) differing in pollination strategy to test the hypothesis that highly mobile (vertebrate) pollinators more effectively link isolated localities than less mobile (bee) pollinators. We found consistently higher genetic differentiation (FST) among localities of bee‐ than vertebrate‐pollinated species with increasing geographical distance, topographic barriers and historical climatic instability. High admixture among montane populations further suggested relative climatic stability of Neotropical montane forests during the Pleistocene. Overall, our results indicate that pollinators may differentially impact the potential for allopatric speciation, thereby critically influencing diversification histories at macroevolutionary scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Austria.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Ovidiu Paun
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane Baar
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva M Temsch
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Austria
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48
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Lu M, Fradera-Soler M, Forest F, Barraclough TG, Grace OM. Evidence linking life-form to a major shift in diversification rate in Crassula. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:272-290. [PMID: 34730230 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plants have evolved different ecological strategies in response to environmental challenges, and a higher lability of such strategies is more common in plant groups that adapt to various niches. Crassula (Crassulaceae), occurring in varied mesic to xeric habitats, exhibits a remarkable diversity of life-forms. However, whether any particular life-form trait has shaped species diversification in Crassula has remained unexplored. This study aims to investigate diversification patterns within Crassula and identify potential links to its life-form evolution. METHODS A phylogenetic tree of 140 Crassula taxa was reconstructed using plastid and nuclear loci and dated based on the nuclear DNA information only. We reconstructed ancestral life-form characters to estimate the evolutionary trends of ecophysiological change, and subsequently estimated net diversification rates. Multiple diversification models were applied to examine the association between certain life-forms and net diversification rates. RESULTS Our findings confirm a radiation within Crassula in the last 10 million years. A configuration of net diversification rate shifts was detected, which coincides with the emergence of a speciose lineage during the late Miocene. The results of ancestral state reconstruction demonstrate a high lability of life-forms in Crassula, and the trait-dependent diversification analyses revealed that the increased diversification is strongly associated with a compact growth form. CONCLUSIONS Transitions between life-forms in Crassula seem to have driven adaptation and shaped diversification of this genus across various habitats. The diversification patterns we inferred are similar to those observed in other major succulent lineages, with the most-speciose clades originating in the late Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | - Marc Fradera-Soler
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Timothy G Barraclough
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Olwen M Grace
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
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49
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Gómez JM, González-Megías A, Narbona E, Navarro L, Perfectti F, Armas C. Phenotypic plasticity guides Moricandia arvensis divergence and convergence across the Brassicaceae floral morphospace. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1479-1493. [PMID: 34657297 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many flowers exhibit phenotypic plasticity. By inducing the production of several phenotypes, plasticity may favour the rapid exploration of different regions of the floral morphospace. We investigated how plasticity drives Moricandia arvensis, a species displaying within-individual floral polyphenism, across the floral morphospace of the entire Brassicaceae family. We compiled the multidimensional floral phenotype, the phylogenetic relationships, and the pollination niche of over 3000 species to construct a family-wide floral morphospace. We assessed the disparity between the two M. arvensis floral morphs (as the distance between the phenotypic spaces occupied by each morph) and compared it with the family-wide disparity. We measured floral divergence by comparing disparity with the most common ancestor, and estimated the convergence of each floral morph with other species belonging to the same pollination niches. Moricandia arvensis exhibits a plasticity-mediated floral disparity greater than that found between species, genera and tribes. The novel phenotype of M. arvensis moves outside the region occupied by its ancestors and relatives, crosses into a new region where it encounters a different pollination niche, and converges with distant Brassicaceae lineages. Our study suggests that phenotypic plasticity favours floral divergence and rapid appearance of convergent flowers, a process which facilitates the evolution of generalist pollination systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Gómez
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), E-04120, Almería, Spain
- Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Adela González-Megías
- Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Narbona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Perfectti
- Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Armas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), E-04120, Almería, Spain
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50
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Singhal S, Colli GR, Grundler MR, Costa GC, Prates I, Rabosky DL. No link between population isolation and speciation rate in squamate reptiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113388119. [PMID: 35058358 PMCID: PMC8795558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113388119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of species formation vary widely across the tree of life and contribute to massive disparities in species richness among clades. This variation can emerge from differences in metapopulation-level processes that affect the rates at which lineages diverge, persist, and evolve reproductive barriers and ecological differentiation. For example, populations that evolve reproductive barriers quickly should form new species at faster rates than populations that acquire reproductive barriers more slowly. This expectation implicitly links microevolutionary processes (the evolution of populations) and macroevolutionary patterns (the profound disparity in speciation rate across taxa). Here, leveraging extensive field sampling from the Neotropical Cerrado biome in a biogeographically controlled natural experiment, we test the role of an important microevolutionary process-the propensity for population isolation-as a control on speciation rate in lizards and snakes. By quantifying population genomic structure across a set of codistributed taxa with extensive and phylogenetically independent variation in speciation rate, we show that broad-scale patterns of species formation are decoupled from demographic and genetic processes that promote the formation of population isolates. Population isolation is likely a critical stage of speciation for many taxa, but our results suggest that interspecific variability in the propensity for isolation has little influence on speciation rates. These results suggest that other stages of speciation-including the rate at which reproductive barriers evolve and the extent to which newly formed populations persist-are likely to play a larger role than population isolation in controlling speciation rate variation in squamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747;
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maggie R Grundler
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Gabriel C Costa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117
| | - Ivan Prates
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Daniel L Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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