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Salesse‐Smith CE, Lochocki EB, Doran L, Haas BE, Stutz SS, Long SP. Greater mesophyll conductance and leaf photosynthesis in the field through modified cell wall porosity and thickness via AtCGR3 expression in tobacco. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2504-2517. [PMID: 38687118 PMCID: PMC11331791 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) describes the ease with which CO2 passes from the sub-stomatal cavities of the leaf to the primary carboxylase of photosynthesis, Rubisco. Increasing gm is suggested as a means to engineer increases in photosynthesis by increasing [CO2] at Rubisco, inhibiting oxygenation and accelerating carboxylation. Here, tobacco was transgenically up-regulated with Arabidopsis Cotton Golgi-related 3 (CGR3), a gene controlling methylesterification of pectin, as a strategy to increase CO2 diffusion across the cell wall and thereby increase gm. Across three independent events in tobacco strongly expressing AtCGR3, mesophyll cell wall thickness was decreased by 7%-13%, wall porosity increased by 75% and gm measured by carbon isotope discrimination increased by 28%. Importantly, field-grown plants showed an average 8% increase in leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Up-regulating CGR3 provides a new strategy for increasing gm in dicotyledonous crops, leading to higher CO2 assimilation and a potential means to sustainable crop yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie E. Salesse‐Smith
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Edward B. Lochocki
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Lynn Doran
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Benjamin E. Haas
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Samantha S. Stutz
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Stephen P. Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
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2
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Paillassa J, Pepin S, Ethier G, Lamarque LJ, Maire V. Carboxylation capacity is the main limitation of carbon assimilation in High Arctic shrubs. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39189974 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Increases in shrub height, biomass and canopy cover are key whole-plant features of warming-induced vegetation change in tundra. We investigated leaf functional traits underlying photosynthetic capacity of Arctic shrub species, particularly its main limiting processes such as mesophyll conductance. In this nutrient-limited ecosystem, we expect leaf nitrogen concentration to be the main limiting factor for photosynthesis. We measured the net photosynthetic rate at saturated light (Asat) in three Salix species throughout a glacial valley in High-Arctic tundra and used a causal approach to test relationships between leaf stomatal and mesophyll conductances (gsc, gm), carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), nitrogen and phosphorus concentration (Narea, Parea) and leaf mass ratio (LMA). Arctic Salix species showed no difference in Asat compared to a global data set, while being characterized by higher Narea, Parea and LMA. Vcmax, gsc and gm independently increased Asat, with Vcmax as its main limitation. We highlighted a nitrogen-influenced pathway for increasing photosynthesis in the two prostrate mesic habitat species. In contrast, the erect wetland habitat Salix richardsonii mainly increased Asat with increasing gsc. Overall, our study revealed high photosynthetic capacities of Arctic Salix species but contrasting regulatory pathways that may influence shrub ability to respond to environmental changes in High Arctic tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Paillassa
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Chaire en Écologie Fonctionnelle Arctique, Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Département des sols et de génie agroalimentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steeve Pepin
- Département des sols et de génie agroalimentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilbert Ethier
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Chaire en Écologie Fonctionnelle Arctique, Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Chaire en Écologie Fonctionnelle Arctique, Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Zhou W, Tao Y, Peng L, Zheng H, Zhou X, Yin B, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Balancing the nutrient needs: Optimising growth in Malus sieversii seedlings through tailored nitrogen and phosphorus effects. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39188105 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the physiological and biochemical processes crucial for tree seedling growth is substantial. Although the study of plant hydraulic traits in response to N and P is growing, comprehensive research on their combined effects remains limited. Malus sieversii, a key ancestral species of modern apples and a dominant species in Xinjiang's Tianshan wild fruit forest, is witnessing a decline due to climate change, pests and diseases, compounded by challenges in seedling regeneration. Addressing this, a 4-year study was conducted to determine the optimal fertilisation method for it. The experiment explored varying levels of N (N10, N20 and N40) and P (P2, P4 and P8), and their combined effects (N20Px: N20P2, N20P4, N20P8; NxP4: N10P4, N20P4 and N40P4), assessing their impact on gas exchange, hydraulic traits, and the interplay among functional traits in Tianshan Mountains' M. sieversii seedlings. Our study revealed that All N-inclusive fertilisers slightly promoted the net photosynthetic rate. N10 significantly increasing leaf hydraulic conductivity. All P-inclusive fertilisers adversely affected hydraulic conductivity. P8, N20P4 and N20P8 notably increased seedlings' vulnerability to embolism. Seedlings can adaptively adjust multiple functional traits in response to nutrient changes. The research suggests N10 and N20 as the most effective fertilisation treatments for M. sieversii seedlings in this region, while fertilisation involving phosphorus is less suitable. This study contributes valuable insights into the specific nutrient needs of it, vital for conservation and cultivation efforts in the Tianshan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benfeng Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Conesa HM, Párraga-Aguado IM, Jiménez FJ, Querejeta JI. Evaluation of the trade-off between water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency in two semiarid coniferous tree species growing on an organic amended metalliferous mine tailing substrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173607. [PMID: 38825195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the ecophysiological responses of two semiarid coniferous tree species, Pinus halepensis and Tetraclinis articulata, growing on a nutrient-poor metalliferous mine tailings substrate to organic amendments (biochar and/or organic municipal waste). The trees were grown in mesocosms under irrigated conditions for 20 months. Then, a comprehensive characterization of soil and plant parameters (including stable isotopes) was carried out. Treatments containing municipal waste showed better soil fertility indicators (approximately 2-fold higher organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations) and higher plant biomass (up to 5-fold higher) than unamended and only biochar treatments. Trees in most of the treatments exhibited leaf N/P ratios <14 indicating severe N limitation of plant growth. Metal uptake was below phytotoxic levels across all the treatments. Leaf δ13C values correlated positively with δ18O across treatments for both species indicating increasing water use efficiency with tighter stomatal regulation of water flux, and with T. articulata exhibiting tighter stomatal control (higher δ18O values) than P. halepensis. Trees in treatments containing only biochar did not differ in ecophysiological performance from those in the unamended treatments. In contrast, leaf stable isotopes revealed sharply increased of time-integrated photosynthetic activity (favoured by higher leaf N concentrations) combined with lower time-integrated stomatal conductance in the treatments containing municipal waste, indicating greatly enhanced water use efficiency in better nourished plants. Trade-offs between water use efficiency and nutrient (N and P) use efficiency were evident across treatments, with higher leaf nutrient concentrations associated with higher water use efficiency, at the cost of a lower nutrient use efficiency. These trade-offs were not impaired by the high metal concentrations of the tailings substrate, indicating that ecophysiological adjustments in response to changes in plant nutrient status promoted by the addition of organic amendments are critical for the adaptability of native tree species employed in the phytostabilisation of mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Conesa
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Isabel M Párraga-Aguado
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; IES Juan Sebastián Elcano, Carretera de Tentegorra, s/n, 30205 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Jiménez
- BIOCYMA, Consultora en Medio Ambiente y Calidad, S.L. Calle Azarbe del Papel, 10, 30007 Murcia, Spain.
| | - José-Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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5
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Wu XP, Gao X, Zhang R, Luan J, Wang Y, Liu S. Nitrogen addition alleviates water loss of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) under drought by affecting light-induced stomatal responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173615. [PMID: 38815830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The combined climate-change-evoked drought and nitrogen (N) deposition have severely affected plant carbon and water relations governed by stomata. However, the interplay between steady-state and dynamic stomatal behavior responses to light remains unclear regarding its impact on plant water and carbon relations. The objective here was to investigate whether light-induced stomatal dynamics could mitigate the adverse effects of steady-state gas exchange on water conservation or photosynthesis under drought and N addition conditions. We conducted a manipulative experiment to investigate the impacts of throughfall reduction, N addition, and their combination on light-induced stomatal and photosynthetic dynamics in a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest. We determined the influence of stomal response rate on water loss and photosynthesis, and further assessed whether it mitigated the effects of steady-state gas exchange (gs). We found that Moso bamboo decreased gs under throughfall reduction, while accelerated stomatal opening and biochemical activation when irradiance increased, which reduced the lag in photosynthesis during the induction period. In contrast, under the combined throughfall reduction and N addition condition, Moso bamboo increased gs but showed faster stomatal closure, which decreased the percentage of transpiration following a decrease in light intensity. Our findings indicate that stomatal dynamic behavior may depend on the effects of steady-state gas exchange on water conservation and carbon uptake under different soil water and N conditions. These discoveries contribute to our understanding of the coupling mechanisms of plant water use and carbon uptake in the context of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Pin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ruichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junwei Luan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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6
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Ray T, Fichtner A, Kunz M, Proß T, Bradler PM, Bruelheide H, Georgi L, Haider S, Hildebrand M, Potvin C, Schnabel F, Trogisch S, von Oheimb G. Diversity-enhanced canopy space occupation and leaf functional diversity jointly promote overyielding in tropical tree communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175438. [PMID: 39134282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that drive biodiversity-productivity relationships is critical for guiding forest restoration. Although complementarity among trees in the canopy space has been suggested as a key mechanism for greater productivity in mixed-species tree communities, empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we used data from a tropical tree diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of tree species richness and community functional characteristics (community-weighted mean and functional diversity of leaf traits) on canopy space filling, and how these effects are related to overyielding. We found that canopy space filling was largely explained by species identity effects rather than tree diversity effects. Communities with a high abundance of species with a conservative resource-use strategy were those with most densely packed canopies. Across monocultures and mixtures, a higher canopy space filling translated into an enhanced wood productivity. Importantly, most communities (83 %) produced more wood volume than the average of their constituent species in monoculture (i.e. most communities overyielded). Our results show that overyielding increased with leaf functional diversity and positive net biodiversity effects on canopy space filling, which mainly arose due to a high taxonomic diversity. These findings suggest that both taxonomic diversity-enhanced canopy space filling and canopy leaf diversity are important drivers for overyielding in mixed-species forests. Consequently, restoration initiatives should promote stands with functionally diverse canopies by selecting tree species with large interspecific differences in leaf nutrition, as well as leaf and branch morphology to optimize carbon capture in young forest stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tama Ray
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kunz
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Proß
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pia M Bradler
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Louis Georgi
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Potvin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama
| | - Florian Schnabel
- Chair of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
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7
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Sakata T, Matsuyama S, Kawai K, Yasumoto K, Sekikawa S, Ishida A. Interspecific variation in Rubisco CO 2/O 2 specificity along the leaf economic spectrum across 23 woody angiosperm plants in the Pacific islands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:951-965. [PMID: 38752314 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The coordinated interspecific variation in leaf traits and leaf lifespan is known as the leaf economic spectrum (LES). The limitation of CO2 diffusion to chloroplasts within the lamina is significant in C3 photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of CO2 for Rubisco. Although Rubisco CO2/O2 specificity (SC/O) should be adaptively adjusted in response to the interspecific variation in CO2 concentrations [CO2] associated with Rubisco, SC/O variations across species along the LES remain unknown. We investigated the coordination among leaf traits, including SC/O, CO2 conductance, leaf protein content, and leaf mass area, across 23 woody C3 species coexisting on an oceanic island through phylogenetic correlation analyses. A high SC/O indicates a high CO2 specificity of Rubisco. SC/O was negatively correlated with [CO2] at Rubisco and total CO2 conductance within lamina, while it was positively correlated with leaf protein across species, regardless of phylogenetic constraint. A simulation analysis shows that the optimal SC/O for maximizing photosynthesis depends on both [CO2] at Rubisco sites and leaf protein per unit leaf area. SC/O is a key parameter along the LES axis and is crucial for maximizing photosynthesis across species and the adaptation of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sakata
- Biological Laboratory, Center for Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shin Matsuyama
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kiyosada Kawai
- Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Seikoh Sekikawa
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
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8
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Wang B, Gu S, Wang J, Chen B, Wen W, Guo X, Zhao C. Maximizing the Radiation Use Efficiency by Matching the Leaf Area and Leaf Nitrogen Vertical Distributions in a Maize Canopy: A Simulation Study. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0217. [PMID: 39077120 PMCID: PMC11284131 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The radiation use efficiency (RUE) is one of the most important functional traits determining crop productivity. The coordination of the vertical distribution of light and leaf nitrogen has been proven to be effective in boosting the RUE from both experimental and computational evidence. However, previous simulation studies have primarily assumed that the leaf area is uniformly distributed along the canopy depth, rarely considering the optimization of the leaf area distribution, especially for C4 crops. The present study hypothesizes that the RUE may be maximized by matching the leaf area and leaf nitrogen vertical distributions in the canopy. To test this hypothesis, various virtual maize canopies were generated by combining the leaf inclination angle, vertical leaf area distribution, and vertical leaf nitrogen distribution and were further evaluated by an improved multilayer canopy photosynthesis model. We found that a greater fraction of leaf nitrogen is preferentially allocated to canopy layers with greater leaf areas to maximize the RUE. The coordination of light and nitrogen emerged as a property from the simulations to maximize the RUE in most scenarios, particularly in dense canopies. This study not only facilitates explicit and precise profiling of ideotypes for maximizing the RUE but also represents a primary step toward high-throughput phenotyping and screening of the RUE for massive numbers of inbred lines and cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University,
MSU Institute, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shenghao Gu
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- China Agricultural University,
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Weiliang Wen
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Information Technology Research Center,
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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9
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Gajardo HA, Morales M, Larama G, Luengo-Escobar A, López D, Machado M, Nunes-Nesi A, Reyes-Díaz M, Planchais S, Savouré A, Gago J, Bravo LA. Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic insights of three extremophyte woody species living in the multi-stress environment of the Atacama Desert. PLANTA 2024; 260:55. [PMID: 39020000 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSIONS In contrast to Neltuma species, S. tamarugo exhibited higher stress tolerance, maintaining photosynthetic performance through enhanced gene expression and metabolites. Differentially accumulated metabolites include chlorophyll and carotenoids and accumulation of non-nitrogen osmoprotectants. Plant species have developed different adaptive strategies to live under extreme environmental conditions. Hypothetically, extremophyte species present a unique configuration of physiological functions that prioritize stress-tolerance mechanisms while carefully managing resource allocation for photosynthesis. This could be particularly challenging under a multi-stress environment, where the synthesis of multiple and sequential molecular mechanisms is induced. We explored this hypothesis in three phylogenetically related woody species co-occurring in the Atacama Desert, Strombocarpa tamarugo, Neltuma alba, and Neltuma chilensis, by analyzing their leaf dehydration and freezing tolerance and by characterizing their photosynthetic performance under natural growth conditions. Besides, the transcriptomic profiling, biochemical analyses of leaf pigments, and metabolite analysis by untargeted metabolomics were conducted to study gene expression and metabolomic landscape within this challenging multi-stress environment. S. tamarugo showed a higher photosynthetic capacity and leaf stress tolerance than the other species. In this species, a multifactorial response was observed, which involves high photochemical activity associated with a higher content of chlorophylls and β-carotene. The oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus is probably attenuated by the synthesis of complex antioxidant molecules in the three species, but S. tamarugo showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses among the species showed the differential expression of genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of key stress-related metabolites. Moreover, the synthesis of non-nitrogen osmoprotectant molecules, such as ciceritol and mannitol in S. tamarugo, would allow the nitrogen allocation to support its high photosynthetic capacity without compromising leaf dehydration tolerance and freezing stress avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto A Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Melanie Morales
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Luengo-Escobar
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Dariel López
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariana Machado
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Séverine Planchais
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Les Illes Balears/Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy-INAGEA, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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10
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Xing H, Chen J, Gong S, Liu S, Xu G, Chen M, Li F, Shi Z. Variation in photosynthetic capacity of Salvia przewalskii along elevational gradients on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108801. [PMID: 38850729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Elevational variation in plant growing environment drives diversification of photosynthetic capacity, however, the mechanism behind this reaction is poorly understood. We measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, anatomical characteristics, and biochemical traits of Salvia przewalskii at elevations ranging from 2400 m to 3400 m above sea level (a.s.l) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. We found that photosynthetic capacity showed an initial increase and then a decrease with rising elevation, and the best state observed at 2800 m a.s.l. Environmental factors indirectly regulated photosynthetic capacity by affecting stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vc max), and maximum capacity for photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax). The average temperature (T) and total precipitation (P) during the growing season had the highest contribution to the variation of photosynthetic capacity of S. przewalskii in subalpine areas, which were 25% and 24%, respectively. Photosynthetic capacity was mainly affected by diffusional limitations (71%-89%), and mesophyll limitation (lm) played a leading role. The variation of gm was attributed to the effects of environmental factors on the volume fraction of intercellular air space (fias), the thickness of cell wall (Tcw), the surface of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspace (Sm, Sc), and plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIPs, PIP1, PIP2), independent of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Optimization of leaf tissue structure and adaptive physiological responses enabled plants to efficiently cope with variable climate conditions of high-elevation areas, and the while maintaining high levels of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Lixian, 623100, China
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Lixian, 623100, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Feifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Lixian, 623100, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Heckman RW, Pereira CG, Aspinwall MJ, Juenger TE. Physiological Responses of C 4 Perennial Bioenergy Grasses to Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Constraints. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:737-769. [PMID: 38424068 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-093952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are an economically and ecologically important group whose responses to climate change will be important to the future bioeconomy. These grasses are highly productive and frequently possess large geographic ranges and broad environmental tolerances, which may contribute to the evolution of ecotypes that differ in physiological acclimation capacity and the evolution of distinct functional strategies. C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are predicted to thrive under climate change-C4 photosynthesis likely evolved to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under stressful conditions of low [CO2], high temperature, and drought-although few studies have examined how these species will respond to combined stresses or to extremes of temperature and precipitation. Important targets for C4 perennial bioenergy production in a changing world, such as sustainability and resilience, can benefit from combining knowledge of C4 physiology with recent advances in crop improvement, especially genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Heckman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Cedar City, Utah, USA;
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
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12
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Joshi RK, Gupta R, Mishra A, Garkoti SC. Seasonal variations of leaf ecophysiological traits and strategies of co-occurring evergreen and deciduous trees in white oak forest in the central Himalaya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:634. [PMID: 38900402 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the seasonal variations in leaf ecophysiological traits and strategies employed by co-occurring evergreen and deciduous tree species within a white oak forest (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus) ecosystem in the central Himalaya. Seasonal variations in physiological, morphological, and chemical traits were observed from leaf initiation until senescence in co-occurring deciduous and evergreen tree species. We compared various parameters, including net photosynthetic capacity (Aarea and Amass), leaf stomatal conductance (gswarea and gswmass), transpiration rate (Earea and Emass), specific leaf area (SLA), mid-day water potential (Ψmd), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration, leaf total chlorophyll concentration, photosynthetic nitrogen- and phosphorus-use efficiency (PNUE and PPUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) across four evergreen and four deciduous tree species. Our findings reveal that evergreen and deciduous trees exhibit divergent strategies in coping with seasonal changes, which are crucial for their survival and growth. Deciduous trees consistently exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, mass-based N and P concentrations (Nmass and Pmass), mass-based chlorophyll concentration (Chlmass), SLA, and leaf Ψmd, while maintaining lower leaf structural investments throughout the year compared to evergreen trees. These findings indicate that deciduous trees achieve greater assimilation rates per unit mass and higher nutrient-use efficiency. Physiological, morphological, and leaf N and P concentrations were higher in the summer (fully expanded leaf) than in the fall (senesced leaf). These insights provide valuable contributions to our understanding of tree species coexistence and their ecological roles in temperate forest ecosystems, with implications for forest management and conservation in the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kr Joshi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajman Gupta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ambuj Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Satish Chandra Garkoti
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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13
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Aun MA, Farnese F, Loram-Lourenço L, de Abreu IMPG, Silva BRA, Freitas JCE, Filho VMA, Silva FG, Franco AC, Hammond WM, Cochard H, Menezes-Silva PE. Evidence of combined flower thermal and drought vulnerabilities portends reproductive failure under hotter-drought conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1971-1986. [PMID: 38372066 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the abundant evidence of impairments to plant performance and survival under hotter-drought conditions, little is known about the vulnerability of reproductive organs to climate extremes. Here, by conducting a comparative analysis between flowers and leaves, we investigated how variations in key morphophysiological traits related to carbon and water economics can explain the differential vulnerabilities to heat and drought among these functionally diverse organs. Due to their lower construction costs, despite having a higher water storage capacity, flowers were more prone to turgor loss (higher turgor loss point; ΨTLP) than leaves, thus evidencing a trade-off between carbon investment and drought tolerance in reproductive organs. Importantly, the higher ΨTLP of flowers also resulted in narrow turgor safety margins (TSM). Moreover, compared to leaves, the cuticle of flowers had an overall higher thermal vulnerability, which also resulted in low leakage safety margins (LSM). As a result, the combination of low TSMs and LSMs may have negative impacts on reproduction success since they strongly influenced the time to turgor loss under simulated hotter-drought conditions. Overall, our results improve the knowledge of unexplored aspects of flower structure and function and highlight likely threats to successful plant reproduction in a warmer and drier world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alves Aun
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Farnese
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Lucas Loram-Lourenço
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar Franco
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - William M Hammond
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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14
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Cao Y, Pan Y, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang M, Li Y, Guo S. Variation of mesophyll conductance mediated by nitrogen form is related to changes in cell wall property and chloroplast number. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae112. [PMID: 38919556 PMCID: PMC11197310 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants primarily incorporate nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) as the primary source of inorganic nitrogen (N); the physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis (A) dropdown under NH4 + nutrition has been investigated in many studies. Leaf anatomy is a major determinant to mesophyll conductance (g m) and photosynthesis; however, it remains unclear whether the photosynthesis variations of plants exposed to different N forms is related to leaf anatomical variation. In this work, a common shrub, Lonicera japonica was hydroponically grown under NH4 +, NO3 - and 50% NH4 +/NO3 -. We found that leaf N significantly accumulated under NH4 +, whereas the photosynthesis was significantly decreased, which was mainly caused by a reduced g m. The reduced g m under NH4 + was related to the decreased intercellular air space, the reduced chloroplast number and especially the thicker cell walls. Among the cell wall components, lignin and hemicellulose contents under NH4 + nutrition were significantly higher than those in the other two N forms and were scaled negatively correlated with g m; while pectin content was independent from N forms. Pathway analysis further revealed that the cell wall components might indirectly regulate g m by influencing the thickness of the cell wall. These results highlight the importance of leaf anatomical variation characterized by modifications of chloroplasts number and cell wall thickness and compositions, in the regulation of photosynthesis in response to varied N sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Tianheng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
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15
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Liu X, Zhou S, Hu J, Zou X, Tie L, Li Y, Cui X, Huang C, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Variations and trade-offs in leaf and culm functional traits among 77 woody bamboo species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:387. [PMID: 38724946 PMCID: PMC11084126 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woody bamboos are the only diverse large perennial grasses in mesic-wet forests and are widely distributed in the understory and canopy. The functional trait variations and trade-offs in this taxon remain unclear due to woody bamboo syndromes (represented by lignified culm of composed internodes and nodes). Here, we examined the effects of heritable legacy and occurrence site climates on functional trait variations in leaf and culm across 77 woody bamboo species in a common garden. We explored the trade-offs among leaf functional traits, the connection between leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) concentrations and functional niche traits, and the correlation of functional traits between leaves and culms. RESULTS The Bayesian mixed models reveal that the combined effects of heritable legacy (phylogenetic distances and other evolutionary processes) and occurrence site climates accounted for 55.10-90.89% of the total variation among species for each studied trait. The standardized major axis analysis identified trade-offs among leaf functional traits in woody bamboo consistent with the global leaf economics spectrum; however, compared to non-bamboo species, the woody bamboo exhibited lower leaf mass per area but higher N, P concentrations and assimilation, dark respiration rates. The canonical correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation (ρ = 0.57, P-value < 0.001) between leaf N, P concentrations and morphophysiology traits. The phylogenetic principal components and trait network analyses indicated that leaf and culm traits were clustered separately, with leaf assimilation and respiration rates associated with culm ground diameter. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the applicability of the leaf economics spectrum and the biogeochemical niche in woody bamboo taxa, improves the understanding of woody bamboo leaf and culm functional trait variations and trade-offs, and broadens the taxonomic units considered in plant functional trait studies, which contributes to our comprehensive understanding of terrestrial forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Shixing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junxi Hu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingcheng Zou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Congde Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
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16
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Murata H, Noshita K. Three-Dimensional Leaf Edge Reconstruction Combining Two- and Three-Dimensional Approaches. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0181. [PMID: 38726389 PMCID: PMC11079596 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Leaves, crucial for plant physiology, exhibit various morphological traits that meet diverse functional needs. Traditional leaf morphology quantification, largely 2-dimensional (2D), has not fully captured the 3-dimensional (3D) aspects of leaf function. Despite improvements in 3D data acquisition, accurately depicting leaf morphologies, particularly at the edges, is difficult. This study proposes a method for 3D leaf edge reconstruction, combining 2D image segmentation with curve-based 3D reconstruction. Utilizing deep-learning-based instance segmentation for 2D edge detection, structure from motion for estimation of camera positions and orientations, leaf correspondence identification for matching leaves among images, and curve-based 3D reconstruction for estimating 3D curve fragments, the method assembles 3D curve fragments into a leaf edge model through B-spline curve fitting. The method's performances were evaluated on both virtual and actual leaves, and the results indicated that small leaves and high camera noise pose greater challenges to reconstruction. We developed guidelines for setting a reliability threshold for curve fragments, considering factors occlusion, leaf size, the number of images, and camera error; the number of images had a lesser impact on this threshold compared to others. The method was effective for lobed leaves and leaves with fewer than 4 holes. However, challenges still existed when dealing with morphologies exhibiting highly local variations, such as serrations. This nondestructive approach to 3D leaf edge reconstruction marks an advancement in the quantitative analysis of plant morphology. It is a promising way to capture whole-plant architecture by combining 2D and 3D phenotyping approaches adapted to the target anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Murata
- Department of Biology,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
| | - Koji Noshita
- Department of Biology,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
- Plant Frontier Research Center,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
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17
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Durant PC, Bhasin A, Juenger TE, Heckman RW. Genetically correlated leaf tensile and morphological traits are driven by growing season length in a widespread perennial grass. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16349. [PMID: 38783552 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf tensile resistance, a leaf's ability to withstand pulling forces, is an important determinant of plant ecological strategies. One potential driver of leaf tensile resistance is growing season length. When growing seasons are long, strong leaves, which often require more time and resources to construct than weak leaves, may be more advantageous than when growing seasons are short. Growing season length and other ecological conditions may also impact the morphological traits that underlie leaf tensile resistance. METHODS To understand variation in leaf tensile resistance, we measured size-dependent leaf strength and size-independent leaf toughness in diverse genotypes of the widespread perennial grass Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) in a common garden. We then used quantitative genetic approaches to estimate the heritability of leaf tensile resistance and whether there were genetic correlations between leaf tensile resistance and other morphological traits. RESULTS Leaf tensile resistance was positively associated with aboveground biomass (a proxy for fitness). Moreover, both measures of leaf tensile resistance exhibited high heritability and were positively genetically correlated with leaf lamina thickness and leaf mass per area (LMA). Leaf tensile resistance also increased with the growing season length in the habitat of origin, and this effect was mediated by both LMA and leaf thickness. CONCLUSIONS Differences in growing season length may promote selection for different leaf lifespans and may explain existing variation in leaf tensile resistance in P. virgatum. In addition, the high heritability of leaf tensile resistance suggests that P. virgatum will be able to respond to climate change as growing seasons lengthen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Camilla Durant
- Department of Integrated Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA
| | - Amit Bhasin
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrated Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrated Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA
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18
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Wang L, Dang QL. Using leaf economic spectrum and photosynthetic acclimation to evaluate the potential performance of wintersweet under future climate conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14318. [PMID: 38686542 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The function of landscape plants on the ecosystem can alleviate environmental issues of urbanization and global change. Global changes due to elevated CO2 affect plant growth and survival, but there is a lack of quantitative methods to evaluate the adaptability of landscape plants to future climate conditions. Leaf traits characterized by leaf economic spectrum (LES) are the universal currency for predicting the impact on plant ecosystem functions. Elevated CO2 usually leads to photosynthetic acclimation (PC), characterised by decreased photosynthetic capacity. Here, we proposed a theoretical and practical framework for the use of LES and PC to project the potential performance of landscape plants under future climatic conditions through principal component analysis, structural equation modelling, photosynthetic restriction analysis and nitrogen allocation analysis. We used wintersweet (an important landscaping species) to test the feasibility of this framework under elevated CO2 and different nitrogen (N) supplies. We found that elevated CO2 decreased the specific leaf area but increased leaf N concentration. The results suggest wintersweet may be characterized by an LES with high leaf construction costs, low photosynthetic return, and robust stress resistance. Elevated CO2 reduced photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance but increased photosynthetic rate and leaf area. These positive physio-ecological traits, e.g., larger leaf area (canopy), higher water use efficiency and stress resistance, may lead to improved performance of wintersweet under the predicted future climatic conditions. The results suggest planting more wintersweet in urban landscaping may be an effective adaptive strategy to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Liu S, Zheng J. Adaptive strategies based on shrub leaf-stem anatomy and their environmental interpretations in the eastern Qaidam Basin. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38658848 PMCID: PMC11040798 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water stress seriously affects the survival of plants in natural ecosystems. Plant resistance to water stress relies on adaptive strategies, which are mainly based on plant anatomy with following relevant functions: (1) increase in water uptake and storage; (2) reduction of water loss; and (3) mechanical reinforcement of tissues. We measured 15 leaf-stem anatomical traits of five dominant shrub species from 12 community plots in the eastern Qaidam Basin to explore adaptive strategies based on plant leaf-stem anatomy at species and community levels. and their relationship with environmental stresses were tested. RESULTS Results showed that the combination of leaf-stem anatomical traits formed three types of adaptive strategies with the drought tolerance of leaf and stem taken as two coordinate axes. Three types of water stress were caused by environmental factors in the eastern Qaidam Basin, and the established adaptive strategy triangle could be well explained by these environmental stresses. The interpretation of the strategic triangle was as follows: (1) exploitative plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt the hydraulic efficiency strategy and safety strategy, respectively. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in sandy desert (i.e., Nitraria tangutorum, and Artemisia sphaerocephala) which is mainly influenced by drought stress; (2) stable plant strategy, in which both leaf/assimilation branches and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in salty desert (i.e., Kalidium foliatum and Haloxylon ammodendron) which aridity has little effect on them; and (3) opportunistic plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy and water transport efficiency strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in multiple habitats (i.e., Sympegma regelii) which is mainly affected by coldness stress. CONCLUSION The proposed adaptive strategy system could provide a basis for elucidating the ecological adaptation mechanism of desert woody plants and the scientific management of natural vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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20
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Wang L, Dang QL. Elevated CO 2 and ammonium nitrogen promoted the plasticity of two maple in great lakes region by adjusting photosynthetic adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1367535. [PMID: 38654907 PMCID: PMC11035798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1367535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change-related CO2 increases and different forms of nitrogen deposition are thought to affect the performance of plants, but their interactions have been poorly studied. Methods This study investigated the responses of photosynthesis and growth in two invasive maple species, amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim.) and boxelder maple (Acer negundo L.), to elevated CO2 (400 µmol mol-1 (aCO2) vs. 800 µmol mol-1 (eCO2) and different forms of nitrogen fertilization (100% nitrate, 100% ammonium, and an equal mix of the two) with pot experiment under controlled conditions. Results and discussion The results showed that eCO2 significantly promoted photosynthesis, biomass, and stomatal conductance in both species. The biochemical limitation of photosynthesis was switched to RuBP regeneration (related to Jmax) under eCO2 from the Rubisco carboxylation limitation (related to Vcmax) under aCO2. Both species maximized carbon gain by lower specific leaf area and higher N concentration than control treatment, indicating robust morphological plasticity. Ammonium was not conducive to growth under aCO2, but it significantly promoted biomass and photosynthesis under eCO2. When nitrate was the sole nitrogen source, eCO2 significantly reduced N assimilation and growth. The total leaf N per tree was significantly higher in boxelder maple than in amur maple, while the carbon and nitrogen ratio was significantly lower in boxelder maple than in amur maple, suggesting that boxelder maple leaf litter may be more favorable for faster nutrient cycling. The results suggest that increases in ammonium under future elevated CO2 will enhance the plasticity and adaptation of the two maple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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21
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Tran VH, Nolting KM, Donovan LA, Temme AA. Cultivated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) has lower tolerance of moderate drought stress than its con-specific wild relative, but the underlying traits remain elusive. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e581. [PMID: 38585190 PMCID: PMC10995449 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated crops are generally expected to have less abiotic stress tolerance than their wild relatives. However, this assumption is not well supported by empirical literature and may depend on the type of stress and how it is imposed, as well as the measure of tolerance being used. Here, we investigated whether wild and cultivated accessions of Helianthus annuus differed in stress tolerance assessed as proportional decline in biomass due to drought and whether wild and cultivated accessions differed in trait responses to drought and trait associations with tolerance. In a greenhouse study, H. annuus accessions in the two domestication classes (eight cultivated and eight wild accessions) received two treatments: a well-watered control and a moderate drought implemented as a dry down followed by maintenance at a predetermined soil moisture level with automated irrigation. Treatments were imposed at the seedling stage, and plants were harvested after 2 weeks of treatment. The proportional biomass decline in response to drought was 24% for cultivated H. annuus accessions but was not significant for the wild accessions. Thus, using the metric of proportional biomass decline, the cultivated accessions had less drought tolerance. Among accessions, there was no tradeoff between drought tolerance and vigor assessed as biomass in the control treatment. In a multivariate analysis, wild and cultivated accessions did not differ from each other or in response to drought for a subset of morphological, physiological, and allocational traits. Analyzed individually, traits varied in response to drought in wild and/or cultivated accessions, including declines in specific leaf area, leaf theoretical maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax), and stomatal pore length, but there was no treatment response for stomatal density, succulence, or the ability to osmotically adjust. Focusing on traits associations with tolerance, plasticity in gsmax was the most interesting because its association with tolerance differed by domestication class (although the effects were relatively weak) and thus might contribute to lower tolerance of cultivated sunflower. Our H. annuus results support the expectation that stress tolerance is lower in crops than wild relatives under some conditions. However, determining the key traits that underpin differences in moderate drought tolerance between wild and cultivated H. annuus remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian H. Tran
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Lisa A. Donovan
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andries A. Temme
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
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22
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Zhang H, Lan Y, Jiang C, Cui Y, He Y, Deng J, Lin M, Ye S. Leaf Traits Explain the Growth Variation and Nitrogen Response of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and Dalbergia odorifera in Mixed Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:988. [PMID: 38611517 PMCID: PMC11013580 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mixed cultivation with legumes may alleviate the nitrogen (N) limitation of monoculture Eucalyptus. However, how leaf functional traits respond to N in mixed cultivation with legumes and how they affect tree growth are unclear. Thus, this study investigated the response of leaf functional traits of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urophylla × E. grandis) and Dalbergia odorifera (D. odorifera) to mixed culture and N application, as well as the regulatory pathways of key traits on seedling growth. In this study, a pot-controlled experiment was set up, and seedling growth indicators, leaf physiology, morphological parameters, and N content were collected and analyzed after 180 days of N application treatment. The results indicated that mixed culture improved the N absorption and photosynthetic rate of E. urophylla × E. grandis, further promoting seedling growth but inhibiting the photosynthetic process of D. odorifera, reducing its growth and biomass. Redundancy analysis and path analysis revealed that leaf nitrogen content, pigment content, and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators were the traits most directly related to seedling growth and biomass accumulation, with the net photosynthetic rate explaining 50.9% and 55.8% of the variation in growth indicators for E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera, respectively. Additionally, leaf morphological traits are related to the trade-off strategy exhibited by E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera based on N competition. This study demonstrated that physiological traits related to photosynthesis are reliable predictors of N nutrition and tree growth in mixed stands, while leaf morphological traits reflect the resource trade-off strategies of different tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yahui Lan
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuhong Cui
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yaqin He
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiazhen Deng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingye Lin
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Shaoming Ye
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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23
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Fattah A, Idaryani, Herniwati, Yasin M, Suriani S, Salim, Nappu MB, Mulia S, Irawan Hannan MF, Wulanningtyas HS, Saenong S, Dewayani W, Suriany, Winanda E, Manwan SW, Asaad M, Warda, Nurjanani, Nurhafsah, Gaffar A, Sunanto, Fadwiwati AY, Nurdin M, Dahya, Ella A. Performance and morphology of several soybean varieties and responses to pests and diseases in South Sulawesi. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25507. [PMID: 38434367 PMCID: PMC10907540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are a commodity that is widely grown by farmers in rainfed rice fields in South Sulawesi. One of the determining factors in increasing soybean productivity in South Sulawesi is the type of variety. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics, morphology and response to pests and diseases in several soybean varieties planted in rainfed rice fields in South Sulawesi. This research was carried out in Allepolea Village, Maros Regency in 2022 using a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. Varieties tested as treatments include: 1) Derap-1, 2) Devon-2, 3) Deja-1, 4) Anjasmoro, 5) Dena-2, 6) Dena-1, 7) Gepak Kuning, 8) Grobogan, 9) Devon-1, 10) Dega-1, 11) Deja-2, 12) Demas-1, and 13) Detap-1. The results showed that of the 13 varieties tested, the highest height was found in Devon-2 (33.67 cm) and Detap-1 (31.67 cm) in the vegetative phase and in the generative phase in Detap-1 (75.53 cm) and Gepak Yellow (74.67 cm). The largest number of branches is in Dena-1 (3.13 branches). The highest nitrogen content was found in Devon-1 (12.64 m2 per g). The largest leaf area was Detap-1 (4.15 cm2) and Gepak Kuning (4.15 cm2). The highest number of stomata was in Dena-1 (42.80 μm) and Deja-1 (44.00 μm). The highest stomata width was found in Gepak Kuning (2.76 μm). The lowest level of leaf damage due to attacks by Valanga sp (Acrididae) occurred in Grobogan (6.89 %) and Dega-1 (7.35 %). The lowest level of pod damage due to Nezara viridula attack was in Devon-2 (3.56 %) and Dena-2 (3.64 %). The lowest level of leaf damage due to Phaedonia inclusa attack occurred in Dega-1 (4.37 %), Dena-2 (4, 12 %), and Grobogan (4.69 %). Seed damage due to Cercospora sp attack was lowest on Dena-2 (0.81 %). The highest seed yield was in Dena-2 (3.78 t ha-1) and the lowest in Anjasmoro (1.93 t ha-1) and Deja-2 (2.02 t ha-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Fattah
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Idaryani
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Herniwati
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - M. Yasin
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Suriani Suriani
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Salim
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - M. Basir Nappu
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sahardi Mulia
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Muh Fitrah Irawan Hannan
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Heppy Suci Wulanningtyas
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sudjak Saenong
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Wanti Dewayani
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Suriany
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Elisa Winanda
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Sri Wahyuni Manwan
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Muh Asaad
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Warda
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurjanani
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurhafsah
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Gaffar
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Sunanto
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Andi Yulyani Fadwiwati
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Maryam Nurdin
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Dahya
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Andi Ella
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
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24
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Ren W, Tian L, Querejeta JI. Tight coupling between leaf δ 13 C and N content along leaf ageing in the N 2 -fixing legume tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14235. [PMID: 38472162 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
N2 -fixing legumes can strongly affect ecosystem functions by supplying nitrogen (N) and improving the carbon-fixing capacity of vegetation. Still, the question of how their leaf-level N status and carbon metabolism are coordinated along leaf ageing remains unexplored. Leaf tissue carbon isotopic composition (δ13 C) provides a useful indicator of time-integrated intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Here, we quantified the seasonal changes of leaf δ13 C, N content on a mass and area basis (Nmass , Narea , respectively), Δ18 O (leaf 18 O enrichment above source water, a proxy of time-integrated stomatal conductance) and morphological traits in an emblematic N2 -fixing legume tree, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), at a subtropical site in Southwest China. We also measured xylem, soil and rainwater isotopes (δ18 O, δ2 H) to characterize tree water uptake patterns. Xylem water isotopic data reveal that black locust primarily used shallow soil water in this humid habitat. Black locust exhibited a decreasing δ13 C along leaf ageing, which was largely driven by decreasing leaf Nmass , despite roughly constant Narea . In contrast, the decreasing δ13 C along leaf ageing was largely uncoupled from parallel increases in Δ18 O and leaf thickness. Leaf N content is used as a proxy of leaf photosynthetic capacity; thus, it plays a key role in determining the seasonality in δ13 C, whereas the roles of stomatal conductance and leaf morphology are minor. Black locust leaves can effectively adjust to changing environmental conditions along leaf ageing through LMA increases and moderate stomatal conductance reduction while maintaining constant Narea to optimize photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, despite declining leaf Nmass and δ13 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lide Tian
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Kunming, China
| | - José Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS, CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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25
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Cox AJF, González-Caro S, Meir P, Hartley IP, Restrepo Z, Villegas JC, Sanchez A, Mercado LM. Variable thermal plasticity of leaf functional traits in Andean tropical montane forests. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:731-750. [PMID: 38047584 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and provide vital ecosystem services, but they are disproportionately vulnerable to climate warming. In the Andes, cold-affiliated species from high elevations are being displaced at the hot end of their thermal distributions by warm-affiliated species migrating upwards from lower elevations, leading to compositional shifts. Leaf functional traits are strong indicators of plant performance and at the community level have been shown to vary along elevation gradients, reflecting plant adaptations to different environmental niches. However, the plastic response of such traits to relatively rapid temperature change in Andean TMF species remains unknown. We used three common garden plantations within a thermosequence in the Colombian Andes to investigate the warming and cooling responses of key leaf functional traits in eight cold- and warm-affiliated species with variable thermal niches. Cold-affiliated species shifted their foliar nutrient concentrations when exposed to warming, while all other traits did not significantly change; contrastingly, warm-affiliated species were able to adjust structural, nutrient and water-use efficiency traits from acquisitive to conservative strategies in response to cooling. Our findings suggest that cold-affiliated species will struggle to acclimate functional traits to warming, conferring warm-affiliated species a competitive advantage under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J F Cox
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sebastián González-Caro
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zorayda Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Servicios Ecositémicos y Cambio Climático, Corporación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Villegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Sanchez
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, UK
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26
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Tsujii Y, Atwell BJ, Lambers H, Wright IJ. Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1985-1997. [PMID: 38189091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Adaptations of plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency include reduced investment of leaf P in storage (orthophosphates in vacuoles), nucleic acids and membrane lipids. Yet, it is unclear how these adaptations are associated with plant ecological strategies. Five leaf P fractions (orthophosphate P, Pi ; metabolite P, PM ; nucleic acid P, PN ; lipid P, PL ; and residual P, PR ) were analysed alongside leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species from three habitats: one a high-P basalt-derived soil and two low-P sandstone-derived soils, one undisturbed and one disturbed by human activities with artificial P inputs. Species at the undisturbed low-P site generally exhibited lower concentrations of total leaf P ([Ptotal ]), primarily associated with lower concentrations of Pi , and PN . The relative allocation of P to each fraction varied little among sites, except that higher PL per [Ptotal ] (rPL ) was recorded at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. This higher rPL , reflecting relative allocation to membranes, was primarily associated with lower concentrations of leaf nitrogen at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. Associations between leaf P fractions and leaf nitrogen may provide a basis for understanding the variation in plant ecological strategies dependent on soil P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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27
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Ito K, Sugawara S, Kageyama S, Sawaguchi N, Hyotani T, Miyazawa SI, Makino A, Suzuki Y. Equisetum praealtum and E. hyemale have abundant Rubisco with a high catalytic turnover rate and low CO 2 affinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:255-264. [PMID: 38112982 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic properties of Rubisco, a key enzyme for photosynthesis, have been examined in numerous plant species. However, this information on some plant groups, such as ferns, is scarce. This study examined Rubisco carboxylase activity and leaf Rubisco levels in seven ferns, including four Equisetum plants (E. arvense, E. hyemale, E. praealtum, and E. variegatum), considered living fossils. The turnover rates of Rubisco carboxylation (kcatc) in E. praealtum and E. hyemale were comparable to those in the C4 plants maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), whose kcatc values are high. Rubisco CO2 affinity, estimated from the percentage of Rubisco carboxylase activity under CO2 unsaturated conditions in kcatc in these Equisetum plants, was low and also comparable to that in maize and sorghum. In contrast, kcatc and CO2 affinities of Rubisco in other ferns, including E. arvense and E. variegatum were comparable with those in C3 plants. The N allocation to Rubisco in the ferns examined was comparable to that in the C3 plants. These results indicate that E. praealtum and E. hyemale have abundant Rubisco with high kcatc and low CO2 affinity, whereas the carboxylase activity and abundance of Rubisco in other ferns were similar to those in C3 plants. Herein, the Rubisco properties of E. praealtum and E. hyemale were discussed regarding their evolution and physiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Ito
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Sota Kageyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Naoki Sawaguchi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takuro Hyotani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Present address: Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.
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28
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He Y, Zhang R, Li P, Men L, Xu M, Wang J, Niu S, Tian D. Nitrogen enrichment delays the drought threshold responses of leaf photosynthesis in alpine grassland plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169560. [PMID: 38154633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought is found to cause a threshold response in photosynthesis in ecosystem level. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood, highlighting the importance of revealing the drought thresholds for multiple leaf-level photosynthetic processes. Thus, we conducted a long-term experiment involving precipitation reduction and nitrogen (N) addition. Moreover, an extreme drought event occurred within the experimental period. We found the presence of drought thresholds for multiple leaf-level photosynthetic processes, with the leaf light-saturated carbon assimilation rate (Asat) displaying the highest threshold (10.76 v/v%) and the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (Vcmax) showing the lowest threshold (5.38 v/v%). Beyond the drought thresholds, the sensitivities of leaf-level photosynthetic processes to soil water content could be greater. Moreover, N addition lowered the drought thresholds of Asat and stomatal conductance (gs), but had no effect on that of Vcmax. Among species, plants with higher leaf K concentration traits had a lower drought threshold of Asat. Overall, this study highlights that leaf photosynthesis may be suppressed abruptly as soil water content surpasses the drought threshold. However, N enrichment helps to improve the resistance via delaying drought threshold response. These new findings have important implications for understanding the nonlinearity of ecosystem productivity response and early warning management in the scenario of combined extreme drought events and continuous N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Men
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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29
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Neyret M, Le Provost G, Boesing AL, Schneider FD, Baulechner D, Bergmann J, de Vries FT, Fiore-Donno AM, Geisen S, Goldmann K, Merges A, Saifutdinov RA, Simons NK, Tobias JA, Zaitsev AS, Gossner MM, Jung K, Kandeler E, Krauss J, Penone C, Schloter M, Schulz S, Staab M, Wolters V, Apostolakis A, Birkhofer K, Boch S, Boeddinghaus RS, Bolliger R, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Dumack K, Fischer M, Gan HY, Heinze J, Hölzel N, John K, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Marhan S, Müller J, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schenk NV, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Seibold S, Socher SA, Solly EF, Teuscher M, van Kleunen M, Wubet T, Manning P. A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1251. [PMID: 38341437 PMCID: PMC10858939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a 'slow-fast' axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that 'slow' and 'fast' strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Florian D Schneider
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
- ISOE - Institute for social-ecological research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Baulechner
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Merges
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruslan A Saifutdinov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Applied Biodiversity Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institut of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonios Apostolakis
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department Plant Production and Production Related Environmental Protection, Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg (LTZ), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huei Ying Gan
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironments Tübingen (SHEP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Department of Biodiversity, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Nature Conservation, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Autria, Germany
| | | | - Noëlle V Schenk
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Department Environment and Biodiversity, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Emily F Solly
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Computation Hydrosystems Department, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Community Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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30
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Zhang SB, Song Y, Wen HD, Chen YJ. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies are related to drought resistance across woody species in a Chinese savanna. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad149. [PMID: 38102768 PMCID: PMC10849754 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf nutrient resorption and drought resistance are crucial for the growth and survival of plants. However, our understanding of the relationships between leaf nutrient resorption and plant drought resistance is still limited. In this study, we investigated the nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies (NRE and PRE), leaf structural traits, leaf osmotic potential at full hydration (Ψosm), xylem water potential at 50% loss of xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (P50) and seasonal minimum water potential (Ψmin) for 18 shrub and tree species in a semiarid savanna ecosystem, in Southwest China. Our results showed that NRE and PRE exhibited trade-off against drought resistance traits (Ψosm and P50) across woody species. Moreover, this relationship was modulated by leaf structural investment. Species with low structural investment (e.g., leaf mass per area, leaf dry mass content and leaf construction cost [LCC]) tend to have high NRE and PRE, while those with high LCCs show high drought resistance, showing more negative Ψosm and P50.These results indicate that species with a lower leaf structural investment may have a greater need to recycle their nutrients, thus exhibiting higher nutrient resorption efficiencies, and vice versa. In conclusion, nutrient resorption efficiency may be a crucial adaptation strategy for coexisting plants in semiarid ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding the complex relationships between nutrient cycling and plant survival strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Han-Dong Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
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31
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Li X, Chen X, Li J, Wu P, Hu D, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Respiration in light of evergreen and deciduous woody species and its links to the leaf economic spectrum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad129. [PMID: 37847610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration in the light (Rlight) is crucial for understanding the net CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems. However, Rlight is poorly quantified and rarely discussed in the context of the leaf economic spectrum (LES), especially among woody species differing in plant functional types (PFTs) (e.g., evergreen vs. deciduous species). To address this gap in our knowledge, Rlight, respiration in the dark (Rdark), light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and maximum carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport rates (Jmax) of 54 representative subtropical woody evergreen and deciduous species were measured. With the exception of LMA, the parameters quantified in this study were significantly higher in deciduous species than in evergreen species. The degree of light inhibition did not significantly differ between evergreen (52%) and deciduous (50%) species. Rlight was significantly correlated with LES traits such as Asat, Rdark, LMA, N and P. The Rlight vs. Rdark and N relationships shared common slopes between evergreen and deciduous species, but significantly differed in their y-intercepts, in which the rates of Rlight were slower or faster for any given Rdark or N in deciduous species, respectively. A model for Rlight based on three traits (i.e., Rdark, LMA and P) had an explanatory power of 84.9%. These results show that there is a link between Rlight and the LES, and highlight that PFTs is an important factor in affecting Rlight and the relationships of Rlight with Rdark and N. Thus, this study provides information that can improve the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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32
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Hu Y, Schäfer KVR, Hu S, Zhou W, Xiang D, Zeng Y, Ouyang S, Chen L, Lei P, Deng X, Zhao Z, Fang X, Xiang W. Woody species with higher hydraulic efficiency or lower photosynthetic capacity discriminate more against 13C at the global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168172. [PMID: 37939937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C) provides an integrative record on the carbon and water balance of plants over long periods. Photosynthetic ability and hydraulic traits which are highly associated with stomatal behavior could affect leaf δ13C. Association between photosynthetic ability and leaf δ13C has been examined, however, how hydraulic traits influence leaf δ13C has not been fully understood. To fill this gap, we investigated the variations in leaf δ13C among 2591 woody species (547 shrub and 2044 tree species), and analyzed the link of leaf δ13C with leaf photosynthetic and xylem hydraulic traits. Our result showed that leaf δ13C was positively correlated to leaf photosynthetic ability and capacity. For hydraulic traits, leaf δ13C was negatively related to hydraulic conductivity (Ks), xylem pressure inducing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) and vessel diameter (Vdia). Associations of leaf δ13C with xylem hydraulic traits indicate woody species with stronger hydraulic safety discriminated less against 13C, while woody species with higher hydraulic efficiency had more negative leaf δ13C. Shrub species, which showed a lower Vdia and P50, had a significant less negative leaf δ13C than tree species. Furthermore, woody species inhabiting in dry regions discriminated less against 13C than those growing in humid regions. Moreover, leaf δ13C displayed a low phylogenetic signal based on Blomberg's K statistic. Overall, woody species with a higher leaf photosynthetic ability or stronger hydraulic safety system discriminated less against 13C and adopt the provident water use strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Songjiang Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wenneng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dong Xiang
- Forestry Bureau of Huaihua Perfecture, Huaihua 418099, Hunan, China
| | - Yelin Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Pifeng Lei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China.
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Xu Z, Qin L, Zhou G, SiQing B, Du W, Meng S, Yu J, Sun Z, Liu Q. Exploring carbon sequestration in broad-leaved Korean pine forests: Insights into photosynthetic and respiratory processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167421. [PMID: 37774859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of carbon assimilation and sequestration in broad-leaved Korean pine forests is crucial for accurately estimating this significant aspect of temperate forests at a regional scale. In this study, we introduced a high-temporal resolution model designed for carbon assimilation insights at the plot scale, focusing on specific parameters such as leaf area dynamics, vertical leaf distribution, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) fluctuations, and the photosynthetic traits of tree species. The findings reveal that most tree species in broad-leaved Korean pine forests exhibit an inverted U-shaped pattern in leaf area dynamics, with shorter leaf drop periods than leaf expansion events. Leaf distribution varies significantly among different canopy heights, with approximately 80 % of the leaves above 15 m. PAR decreases as canopy height decreases, with PAR at 25 m accounting for about 60 % of the PAR above the canopy. Our framework incorporates a leaf-scale light-response curve and empirical photosynthesis-temperature relationships to estimate forest carbon assimilation on daily and hourly scales accurately. Using the model, we assess the gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf net photosynthetic assimilation (LNPA), and carbon increment (ΔC) of broad-leaved Korean pine forests from 2017 to 2020. The results demonstrate GPP, LNPA, and ΔC values of 21.4 t·ha-1·a-1, 17.4 t·ha-1·a-1, and 4.0 t·ha-1·a-1, respectively. Regarding efficiency, GPP, LNPA, and ΔC per square meter of leaf per year are 179 g, 146 g, and 33 g, respectively. Notably, tree species in the canopy layer of the forest exhibit significantly higher efficiency than those in the understory layer. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of carbon cycling and the responses of forest ecosystems to climate change. Moreover, it provides a practical tool for forest management and the development of carbon sequestration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lihou Qin
- Academy of Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China.
| | - Guang Zhou
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Bilige SiQing
- Ordos Forestry and Grassland Development Center, Ordos 017000, China.
| | - Wenxian Du
- Zunyi Nature Reserve Management Service Center, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China.
| | - Zhen Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qijing Liu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Zhang Y, Cao J, Lu M, Kardol P, Wang J, Fan G, Kong D. The origin of bi-dimensionality in plant root traits. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:78-88. [PMID: 37777374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in heterogeneous environments. Mounting evidence has shown global bi-dimensionality in root traits, the root economics spectrum (RES), and an orthogonal dimension describing mycorrhizal collaboration; however, the origin of the bi-dimensionality remains unresolved. Here, we propose that bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots, allometry between root cortex and stele, and independence between root cell wall thickness and cell number. Root geometry and mycorrhizal collaboration may both underlie the bi-dimensionality. Further, we emphasize why plant roots should be cylindrical rather than flat. Finally, we highlight the need to integrate organ-, cellular-, and molecular-level processes driving the bi-dimensionality in plant roots to fully understand plant diversity and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 75007, Sweden; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Junjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Ye X, Gao Z, Xu K, Li B, Ren T, Li X, Cong R, Lu Z, Cakmak I, Lu J. Photosynthetic plasticity aggravates the susceptibility of magnesium-deficient leaf to high light in rapeseed plants: the importance of Rubisco and mesophyll conductance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:483-497. [PMID: 37901950 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown under low magnesium (Mg) soils are highly susceptible to encountering light intensities that exceed the capacity of photosynthesis (A), leading to a depression of photosynthetic efficiency and eventually to photooxidation (i.e., leaf chlorosis). Yet, it remains unclear which processes play a key role in limiting the photosynthetic energy utilization of Mg-deficient leaves, and whether the plasticity of A in acclimation to irradiance could have cross-talk with Mg, hence accelerating or mitigating the photodamage. We investigated the light acclimation responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus) grown under low- and adequate-Mg conditions. Magnesium deficiency considerably decreased rapeseed growth and leaf A, to a greater extent under high than under low light, which is associated with higher level of superoxide anion radical and more severe leaf chlorosis. This difference was mainly attributable to a greater depression in dark reaction under high light, with a higher Rubisco fallover and a more limited mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm ). Plants grown under high irradiance enhanced the content and activity of Rubisco and gm to optimally utilize more light energy absorbed. However, Mg deficiency could not fulfill the need to activate the higher level of Rubisco and Rubisco activase in leaves of high-light-grown plants, leading to lower Rubisco activation and carboxylation rate. Additionally, Mg-deficient leaves under high light invested more carbon per leaf area to construct a compact leaf structure with smaller intercellular airspaces, lower surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular airspaces, and CO2 diffusion conductance through cytosol. These caused a more severe decrease in within-leaf CO2 diffusion rate and substrate availability. Taken together, plant plasticity helps to improve photosynthetic energy utilization under high light but aggravates the photooxidative damage once the Mg nutrition becomes insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Binglin Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Hu J, Zheng Q, Dong C, Liang Z, Tian Z, Dai T. Enhanced Stomatal Conductance Supports Photosynthesis in Wheat to Improved NH 4+ Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 38202394 PMCID: PMC10780695 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The impact of ammonium (NH4+) stress on plant growth varies across species and cultivars, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the underlying response mechanisms. This study delves into elucidating the photosynthetic responses and differences in tolerance to NH4+ stress by investigating the effects on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Xumai25 (NH4+-less sensitive) and Yangmai20 (NH4+-sensitive). The cultivars were grown under hydroponic conditions with either sole ammonium nitrogen (NH4+, AN) or nitrate nitrogen (NO3-, NN) as the nitrogen source. NH4+ stress exerted a profound inhibitory effect on seedling growth and photosynthesis in wheat. However, these effects were less pronounced in Xumai25 than in Yangmai20. Dynamic photosynthetic analysis revealed that the suppression in photosynthesis was primarily attributed to stomatal limitation associated with a decrease in leaf water status and osmotic potential. Compared to Yangmai20, Xumai25 exhibited a significantly higher leaf K+ concentration and TaAKT1 upregulation, leading to a stronger stomatal opening and, consequently, a better photosynthetic performance under NH4+ stress. In conclusion, our study suggested stomatal limitation as the primary factor restricting photosynthesis under NH4+ stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that improved regulation of osmotic substances contributed to higher stomatal conductance and enhanced photosynthetic performance in Xumai25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (C.D.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
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Yan T, Wang L, Wang P, Zhong T. Stability in the leaf functional traits of understory herbaceous species after 12-yr of nitrogen addition in temperate larch plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282884. [PMID: 38116147 PMCID: PMC10728480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits play critical roles in plant functioning. Although the functional traits of overstory trees have been extensively studied, minimal research has been conducted regarding understory species, despite the understory layer is an important component of temperate forests. Such insufficiency limit the broader understanding of processes and functions in forest ecosystems, particularly when under the increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, we investigated the responses of 18 leaf functional traits in six understory herbaceous species within young and mature stands (three species per stand) in larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations that subjected to 12 years of anthropogenic N addition. We found that N addition did not significantly impact the photosynthetic traits of understory herbaceous species in either stand; it only led to increased chlorophyll content in Geum aleppicum Jacq. Similarly, with the exception of decreases in the predawn leaf water potential of Sanguisorba officinalis L., N addition did not significantly affect leaf hydraulic traits. With the exception of changes to adaxial epidermis thickness in Potentilla chinensis Ser. (decreased) and G. aleppicum (increased), N addition had negligible effects on leaf anatomical traits and specific leaf area, however, interspecific variations in the plasticity of leaf anatomical traits were observed. Stable responses to N addition were also observed for nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components (soluble sugars and starch), with the exception of Polygonum divaricatum L., which exhibited increases in NSC. Overall, our results suggest that the functional traits of understory herbaceous species exhibit stability under conditions of long-term N enrichment in temperate plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Lamour J, Souza DC, Gimenez BO, Higuchi N, Chave J, Chambers J, Rogers A. Wood-density has no effect on stomatal control of leaf-level water use efficiency in an Amazonian forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3806-3821. [PMID: 37635450 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Forest disturbances increase the proportion of fast-growing tree species compared to slow-growing ones. To understand their relative capacity for carbon uptake and their vulnerability to climate change, and to represent those differences in Earth system models, it is necessary to characterise the physiological differences in their leaf-level control of water use efficiency and carbon assimilation. We used wood density as a proxy for the fast-slow growth spectrum and tested the assumption that trees with a low wood density (LWD) have a lower water-use efficiency than trees with a high wood density (HWD). We selected 5 LWD tree species and 5 HWD tree species growing in the same location in an Amazonian tropical forest and measured in situ steady-state gas exchange on top-of-canopy leaves with parallel sampling and measurement of leaf mass area and leaf nitrogen content. We found that LWD species invested more nitrogen in photosynthetic capacity than HWD species, had higher photosynthetic rates and higher stomatal conductance. However, contrary to expectations, we showed that the stomatal control of the balance between transpiration and carbon assimilation was similar in LWD and HWD species and that they had the same dark respiration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lamour
- Department of Environmental & Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Evolution and Biological Diversity (EDB), CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daisy C Souza
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Forest Management Laboratory (LMF), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruno O Gimenez
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Forest Management Laboratory (LMF), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Forest Management Laboratory (LMF), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Evolution and Biological Diversity (EDB), CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeffrey Chambers
- Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Department of Environmental & Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
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Luo D, Huang G, Zhang Q, Zhou G, Peng S, Li Y. Plasticity of mesophyll cell density and cell wall thickness and composition play a pivotal role in regulating plant growth and photosynthesis under shading in rapeseed. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:963-978. [PMID: 37739395 PMCID: PMC10808032 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasticity of leaf growth and photosynthesis is an important strategy of plants to adapt to shading stress; however, their strategy of leaf development to achieve a simultaneous increase in leaf area and photosynthesis under shading remains unknown. METHODS In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted using three rapeseed genotypes of Huayouza 50 (HYZ50), Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11) and Huayouza 62 (HYZ62), and the responses of plant growth, leaf morphoanatomical traits, cell wall composition and photosynthesis to shading were investigated. KEY RESULTS Shading significantly increased leaf area per plant (LAplant) in all genotypes, but the increase in HYZ62 was greater than that in HYZ50 and ZS11. The greater increment of LAplant in HYZ62 was related to the larger decrease in leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf density (LD), which were in turn related to less densely packed mesophyll cells and thinner cell walls (Tcw). Moreover, shading significantly increased photosynthesis in HYZ62 but significantly decreased it in HYZ50. The enhanced photosynthesis in HYZ62 was related to increased mesophyll conductance (gm) due primarily to thinner cell walls. CONCLUSIONS The data presented indicate that the different plasticity of mesophyll cell density, cell wall thickness and cell wall composition in response to shading can dramatically affect leaf growth and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Rice Ecophysiology and Precise Management Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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40
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Jin MY, Johnson DJ, Jin GZ, Guo QX, Liu ZL. Soil water content and nitrogen differentially correlate with multidimensional leaf traits of two temperate broadleaf species. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:694-701. [PMID: 38197009 PMCID: PMC10772124 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The variation and correlation of leaf economics and vein traits are crucial for predicting plant ecological strategies under different environmental changes. However, correlations between these two suites of traits and abiotic factors such as soil water and nitrogen content remain ambiguous. We measured leaf economics and vein traits as well as soil water and nitrogen content for two different shade-tolerant species (Betula platyphylla and Acer mono) in four mixed broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests along a latitudinal gradient in Northeast China. We found that leaf economics traits and vein traits were decoupled in shade-intolerant species, Betula platphylla, but significantly coupled in a shade-tolerant species, A. mono. We found stronger correlations among leaf traits in the shade tolerant species than in the shade intolerant species. Furthermore, leaf economic traits were positively correlated with the soil water gradient for both species, whereas vein traits were positively correlated with soil water gradient for the shade intolerant species but negatively correlated in the shade tolerant species. Although economic traits were positively correlated with soil nitrogen gradient in shade intolerant species but not correlated in shade tolerant species, vein traits were negatively correlated with soil nitrogen gradient in shade tolerant species but not correlated in shade intolerant species. Our study provides evidence for distinct correlations between leaf economics and vein traits and local abiotic factors of species differing in light demands. We recommend that the ecological significance of shade tolerance be considered for species when evaluating ecosystem functions and predicting plant responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest, Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Daniel J. Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guang-Ze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest, Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qing-Xi Guo
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest, Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest, Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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41
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Niinemets Ü. Variation in leaf photosynthetic capacity within plant canopies: optimization, structural, and physiological constraints and inefficiencies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:131-149. [PMID: 37615905 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthetic capacity (light-saturated net assimilation rate, AA) increases from bottom to top of plant canopies as the most prominent acclimation response to the conspicuous within-canopy gradients in light availability. Light-dependent variation in AA through plant canopies is associated with changes in key leaf structural (leaf dry mass per unit leaf area), chemical (nitrogen (N) content per area and dry mass, N partitioning between components of photosynthetic machinery), and physiological (stomatal and mesophyll conductance) traits, whereas the contribution of different traits to within-canopy AA gradients varies across sites, species, and plant functional types. Optimality models maximizing canopy carbon gain for a given total canopy N content predict that AA should be proportionally related to canopy light availability. However, comparison of model expectations with experimental data of within-canopy photosynthetic trait variations in representative plant functional types indicates that such proportionality is not observed in real canopies, and AA vs. canopy light relationships are curvilinear. The factors responsible for deviations from full optimality include stronger stomatal and mesophyll diffusion limitations at higher light, reflecting greater water limitations and more robust foliage in higher light. In addition, limits on efficient packing of photosynthetic machinery within leaf structural scaffolding, high costs of N redistribution among leaves, and limited plasticity of N partitioning among components of photosynthesis machinery constrain AA plasticity. Overall, this review highlights that the variation of AA through plant canopies reflects a complex interplay between adjustments of leaf structure and function to multiple environmental drivers, and that AA plasticity is limited by inherent constraints on and trade-offs between structural, chemical, and physiological traits. I conclude that models trying to simulate photosynthesis gradients in plant canopies should consider co-variations among environmental drivers, and the limitation of functional trait variation by physical constraints and include the key trade-offs between structural, chemical, and physiological leaf characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Plant and Crop Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51011, Tartu, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia.
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42
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Miraglio T, Coops NC, Wallis CIB, Crofts AL, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Serbin SP, Arroyo-Mora JP, Laliberté E. Mapping canopy traits over Québec using airborne and spaceborne imaging spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17179. [PMID: 37821515 PMCID: PMC10567784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of new spaceborne imaging spectrometers offers new opportunities for ecologists to map vegetation traits at global scales. However, to date most imaging spectroscopy studies exploiting satellite spectrometers have been constrained to the landscape scale. In this paper we present a new method to map vegetation traits at the landscape scale and upscale trait maps to the continental level, using historical spaceborne imaging spectroscopy (Hyperion) to derive estimates of leaf mass per area, nitrogen, and carbon concentrations of forests in Québec, Canada. We compare estimates for each species with reference field values and obtain good agreement both at the landscape and continental scales, with patterns consistent with the leaf economic spectrum. By exploiting the Hyperion satellite archive to map these traits and successfully upscale the estimates to the continental scale, we demonstrate the great potential of recent and upcoming spaceborne spectrometers to benefit plant biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miraglio
- Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Applied Remote Sensing Lab, Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo-Mora
- Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
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43
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Aoyagi R, Condit R, Turner BL. Breakdown of the growth-mortality trade-off along a soil phosphorus gradient in a diverse tropical forest. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231348. [PMID: 37817599 PMCID: PMC10565392 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecological paradigm predicts that plant species adapted to low resource availability grow slower and live longer than those adapted to high resource availability when growing together. We tested this by using hierarchical Bayesian analysis to quantify variations in growth and mortality of ca 40 000 individual trees from greater than 400 species in response to limiting resources in the tropical forests of Panama. In contrast to theoretical expectations of the growth-mortality paradigm, we find that tropical tree species restricted to low-phosphorus soils simultaneously achieve faster growth rates and lower mortality rates than species restricted to high-phosphorus soils. This result demonstrates that adaptation to phosphorus limitation in diverse plant communities modifies the growth-mortality trade-off, with important implications for understanding long-term ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Aoyagi
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532-1293, USA
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44
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Smith EN, van Aalst M, Tosens T, Niinemets Ü, Stich B, Morosinotto T, Alboresi A, Erb TJ, Gómez-Coronado PA, Tolleter D, Finazzi G, Curien G, Heinemann M, Ebenhöh O, Hibberd JM, Schlüter U, Sun T, Weber APM. Improving photosynthetic efficiency toward food security: Strategies, advances, and perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1547-1563. [PMID: 37660255 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in crops and natural vegetation allows light energy to be converted into chemical energy and thus forms the foundation for almost all terrestrial trophic networks on Earth. The efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion plays a crucial role in determining the portion of incident solar radiation that can be used to generate plant biomass throughout a growth season. Consequently, alongside the factors such as resource availability, crop management, crop selection, maintenance costs, and intrinsic yield potential, photosynthetic energy use efficiency significantly influences crop yield. Photosynthetic efficiency is relevant to sustainability and food security because it affects water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, and land use efficiency. This review focuses specifically on the potential for improvements in photosynthetic efficiency to drive a sustainable increase in crop yields. We discuss bypassing photorespiration, enhancing light use efficiency, harnessing natural variation in photosynthetic parameters for breeding purposes, and adopting new-to-nature approaches that show promise for achieving unprecedented gains in photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Smith
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Systems Biology - Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin van Aalst
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Institute of Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias J Erb
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Gómez-Coronado
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Curien
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Heinemann
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Systems Biology - Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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45
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Waring EF, Perkowski EA, Smith NG. Soil nitrogen fertilization reduces relative leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5166-5180. [PMID: 37235800 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The connection between soil nitrogen availability, leaf nitrogen, and photosynthetic capacity is not perfectly understood. Because these three components tend to be positively related over large spatial scales, some posit that soil nitrogen positively drives leaf nitrogen, which positively drives photosynthetic capacity. Alternatively, others posit that photosynthetic capacity is primarily driven by above-ground conditions. Here, we examined the physiological responses of a non-nitrogen-fixing plant (Gossypium hirsutum) and a nitrogen-fixing plant (Glycine max) in a fully factorial combination of light by soil nitrogen availability to help reconcile these competing hypotheses. Soil nitrogen stimulated leaf nitrogen in both species, but the relative proportion of leaf nitrogen used for photosynthetic processes was reduced under elevated soil nitrogen in all light availability treatments due to greater increases in leaf nitrogen content than chlorophyll and leaf biochemical process rates. Leaf nitrogen content and biochemical process rates in G. hirsutum were more responsive to changes in soil nitrogen than those in G. max, probably due to strong G. max investments in root nodulation under low soil nitrogen. Nonetheless, whole-plant growth was significantly enhanced by increased soil nitrogen in both species. Light availability consistently increased relative leaf nitrogen allocation to leaf photosynthesis and whole-plant growth, a pattern that was similar between species. These results suggest that the leaf nitrogen-photosynthesis relationship varies under different soil nitrogen levels and that these species preferentially allocated more nitrogen to plant growth and non-photosynthetic leaf processes, rather than photosynthesis, as soil nitrogen increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Waring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Evan A Perkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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46
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Ishida A, Yamaji K, Nakano T, Ladpala P, Popradit A, Yoshimura K, Saiki ST, Maeda T, Yoshimura J, Koyama K, Diloksumpun S, Marod D. Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand. Sci Data 2023; 10:601. [PMID: 37684226 PMCID: PMC10491629 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The typical seasonally dry forests in Southeast Asia are the mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp (deciduous) forest (DDF), and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We obtained 21 physiological traits in the top/sunlit leaves of 107, 65 and 51 tree species in MDF, DEF and DDF, respectively. Approximately 70%, 95% and 95% of canopy tree species which consist of MDF, DEF and DDF are sampled, respectively. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat) exhibit a positive correlation with foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on leaf mass and area bases across tree species. Decreased leaf mass-based P reduces the positive slope of the mass-based N and Asat relationship across species and habitats. The differences in nutrient and water use and leaf habits are well matched to the variation in soil properties among the forest types, highlighting the reliability of this comprehensive database for revealing the mechanism of niche segregation based on edaphic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Yamanashi Mount Fuji Research Institute, Kami-Yoshida, Fuji-Yoshida, Yamanashi, 403-0005, Japan
| | - Phanumard Ladpala
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Ananya Popradit
- College of Innovation Management, Valaya Alongkorn University under the Royal Patronage, Klongluang, Pathum Thani, 13180, Thailand
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Department of Forest Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maeda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohei Koyama
- Asahikawa campus, Hokkaido University of Education, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 070-8621, Japan
| | - Sapit Diloksumpun
- Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Dokrak Marod
- Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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47
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Zhao C, Lin Q, Tian D, Ji C, Shen H, Fan D, Wang X, Fang J. Nitrogen addition promotes conservative resource-use strategies via aggravating phosphorus limitation of evergreen trees in subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 889:164047. [PMID: 37187388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changti Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Quanhong Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Dayong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiangping Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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48
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Hu W, Zhao M, Zhang S, Li Y, Dai J, Gu C, Li X, Yang L, Qin L, Liao X. Optimized leaf storage and photosynthetic nitrogen trade-off promote synergistic increases in photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14013. [PMID: 37882267 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated increase in the photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency. PNUE tends to decrease with increasing N levels, but there are natural variations. Consequently, leaf functional N partitioning in Brassica napus genotypes under different N rates was measured to explore the optimized N allocation model for synchronously increasing A and PNUE values. The results showed that genotypes whose PNUE increased with increasing N supply (PNUE-I) produced an approximate A value with a relatively low leaf N content, owing to reduced storage N (Nstore ) and close photosynthetic N (Npsn ) content. Partial least squares path modeling showed that A was dominated by the Npsn content, and PNUE was directly influenced by A and Nstore . The A value increased with the Npsn content until the Npsn content exceeded the threshold value. The boundary line of PNUE varied with the Npsn and Nstore proportions, indicating that the optimum Npsn and Nstore proportions were 51.6% and 40.3%, respectively. The Nstore proportion of PNUE-I was closer to the thresholds and benefited from lower increments in Rubisco content and nonprotein form storage N content with improved N supply. Optimized Nstore and Npsn trade-off by regulating increments in Nstore content with increased N supply, thereby promoting coordinated increases in A and PNUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinshui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Chiming Gu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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49
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Gomarasca U, Migliavacca M, Kattge J, Nelson JA, Niinemets Ü, Wirth C, Cescatti A, Bahn M, Nair R, Acosta ATR, Arain MA, Beloiu M, Black TA, Bruun HH, Bucher SF, Buchmann N, Byun C, Carrara A, Conte A, da Silva AC, Duveiller G, Fares S, Ibrom A, Knohl A, Komac B, Limousin JM, Lusk CH, Mahecha MD, Martini D, Minden V, Montagnani L, Mori AS, Onoda Y, Peñuelas J, Perez-Priego O, Poschlod P, Powell TL, Reich PB, Šigut L, van Bodegom PM, Walther S, Wohlfahrt G, Wright IJ, Reichstein M. Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3948. [PMID: 37402725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories - the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis - are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisse Gomarasca
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jacob A Nelson
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Plant and Crop Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Bahn
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Nair
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Discipline of Botany, School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alicia T R Acosta
- Dipartimento di Scienze - Università Roma TRE - V.le Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Earth, Environment & Society and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Arnaud Carrara
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Spain
| | - Adriano Conte
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Metaponto, 75012, Italy
| | - Ana C da Silva
- Santa Catarina State University, Agroveterinary Center, Forestry Department, Av Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, 88.520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Gregory Duveiller
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Environmental Engineering and Resource Management, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Komac
- Andorra Research + Innovation; Avinguda Rocafort 21-23, Edifici Molí, 3r pis, AD600, Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra
| | | | - Christopher H Lusk
- Environmenal Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag, 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Miguel D Mahecha
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Martini
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vanessa Minden
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oscar Perez-Priego
- Department of Forestry Engineering, University of Córdoba, Edif. Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales s/n, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences - Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine - University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas L Powell
- The Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Walther
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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50
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Li Y, Wang Q, Fu T, Qiao Y, Hao L, Qi T. Leaf photosynthetic pigment as a predictor of leaf maximum carboxylation rate in a farmland ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225295. [PMID: 37469776 PMCID: PMC10352676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The leaf maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) is a key parameter of plant photosynthetic capacity. The accurate estimation of Vcmax is crucial for correctly predicting the carbon flux in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Vcmax is correlated with plant traits including leaf nitrogen (Narea) and leaf photosynthetic pigments. Proxies for leaf chlorophyll (Chlarea) and carotenoid contents (Cararea) need to be explored in different ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between leaf maximum rate of carboxylation (scaled to 25°C; Vcmax25) and both leaf Narea and photosynthetic pigments (Chlarea and Cararea) in winter wheat in a farmland ecosystem. Our results showed that Vcmax25 followed the same trends as leaf Chlarea. However, leaf Narea showed smaller dynamic changes before the flowering stage, and there were smaller seasonal variations in leaf Cararea. The correlation between leaf Vcmax25 and leaf Chlarea was the strongest, followed by leaf Cararea and leaf Narea (R2 = 0.69, R2 = 0.47 and R2 = 0.36, respectively). The random forest regression analysis also showed that leaf Chlarea and leaf Cararea were more important than leaf Narea for Vcmax25. The correlation between leaf Vcmax25 and Narea can be weaker since nitrogen allocation is dynamic. The estimation accuracy of the Vcmax25 model based on Narea, Chlarea, and Cararea (R2 = 0.75) was only 0.05 higher than that of the Vcmax25 model based on Chlarea and Cararea (R2 = 0.70). However, the estimation accuracy of the Vcmax25 model based on Chlarea and Cararea (R2 = 0.70) was 0.34 higher than that of the Vcmax25 model based on Narea (R2 = 0.36). These results highlight that leaf photosynthetic pigments can be a predictor for estimating Vcmax25, expanding a new way to estimate spatially continuous Vcmax25 on a regional scale, and to improve model simulation accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Taimiao Fu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Hao
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Tao Qi
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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