1
|
Ye Y, Wang H, Chen W, Chen Z, Wu D, Zhang F, Hu F. Dynamic changes of immunocyte subpopulations in thermogenic activation of adipose tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375138. [PMID: 38812501 PMCID: PMC11133676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effects of cold exposure on whole-body metabolism in humans have gained increasing attention. Brown or beige adipose tissues are crucial in cold-induced thermogenesis to dissipate energy and thus have the potential to combat metabolic disorders. Despite the immune regulation of thermogenic adipose tissues, the overall changes in vital immune cells during distinct cold periods remain elusive. This study aimed to discuss the overall changes in immune cells under different cold exposure periods and to screen several potential immune cell subpopulations on thermogenic regulation. Methods Cibersort and mMCP-counter algorithms were employed to analyze immune infiltration in two (brown and beige) thermogenic adipose tissues under distinct cold periods. Changes in some crucial immune cell populations were validated by reanalyzing the single-cell sequencing dataset (GSE207706). Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time PCR assays were performed to detect the proportion or expression changes in mouse immune cells of thermogenic adipose tissues under cold challenge. Results The proportion of monocytes, naïve, and memory T cells increased, while the proportion of NK cells decreased under cold exposure in brown adipose tissues. Conclusion Our study revealed dynamic changes in immune cell profiles in thermogenic adipose tissues and identified several novel immune cell subpopulations, which may contribute to thermogenic activation of adipose tissues under cold exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun X, Sui W, Mu Z, Xie S, Deng J, Li S, Seki T, Wu J, Jing X, He X, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Huang P, Ge M, Cao Y. Mirabegron displays anticancer effects by globally browning adipose tissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7610. [PMID: 37993438 PMCID: PMC10665320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in malignant cells is a hallmark of cancer that relies on augmented glycolytic metabolism to support their growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the impact of global adipose metabolism on tumor growth and the drug development by targeting adipose metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a therapeutic paradigm of drugs is effective for treating various cancer types by browning adipose tissues. Mirabegron, a clinically available drug for overactive bladders, displays potent anticancer effects in various animal cancer models, including untreatable cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, via the browning of adipose tissues. Genetic deletion of the uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein in adipose tissues, ablates the anticancer effect. Similarly, the removal of brown adipose tissue, which is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, attenuates the anticancer activity of mirabegron. These findings demonstrate that mirabegron represents a paradigm of anticancer drugs with a distinct mechanism for the effective treatment of multiple cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Zepeng Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiu Deng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maisto M, Marzocchi A, Keivani N, Piccolo V, Summa V, Tenore GC. Natural Chalcones for the Management of Obesity Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15929. [PMID: 37958912 PMCID: PMC10648025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the incidence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, reaching a dangerous pandemic spread. This condition has serious public health implications as it significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. The treatment of obesity is therefore the greatest health challenge of our time. Conventional therapeutic treatment of obesity is based on the use of various synthetic molecules belonging to the class of appetite suppressants, lipase inhibitors, hormones, metabolic regulators, and inhibitors of intestinal peptide receptors. The long-term use of these molecules is generally limited by various side effects and tolerance. For this reason, the search for natural alternatives to treat obesity is a current research goal. This review therefore examined the anti-obesity potential of natural chalcones based on available evidence from in vitro and animal studies. In particular, the results of the main in vitro studies describing the principal molecular therapeutic targets and the mechanism of action of the different chalcones investigated were described. In addition, the results of the most relevant animal studies were reported. Undoubtedly, future clinical studies are urgently needed to confirm and validate the potential of natural chalcones in the clinical prophylaxis of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 59, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (N.K.); (V.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie L, Wang H, Wu D, Zhang F, Chen W, Ye Y, Hu F. CXCL13 promotes thermogenesis in mice via recruitment of M2 macrophage and inhibition of inflammation in brown adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253766. [PMID: 37936696 PMCID: PMC10627189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly responsible for mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and promotes energy expenditure. Meanwhile, similar to white adipose tissue (WAT), BAT also secretes a variety of adipokines to regulate metabolism through paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine ways. The chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13), a canonical B cell chemokine, functions in inflammation and tumor-related diseases. However, the role of CXCL13 in the adipose tissues is unclear. Methods The expression of CXCL13 in BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) of mice under cold stimulation were detected. Local injection of CXCL13 into BAT of normal-diet and high-fat-diet induced obese mice was used to detect thermogenesis and determine cold tolerance. The brown adipocytes were treated with CXCL13 alone or in the presence of macrophages to determine the effects of CXCL13 on thermogenic and inflammation related genes expression in vitro. Results In this study, we discovered that the expression of CXCL13 in the stromal cells of brown adipose tissue significantly elevated under cold stimulation. Overexpression of CXCL13 in the BAT via local injection could increase energy expenditure and promote thermogenesis in obese mice. Mechanically, CXCL13 could promote thermogenesis via recruiting M2 macrophages in the BAT and, in the meantime, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor TNFα level. Discussion This study revealed the novel role of adipose chemokine CXCL13 in the regulation of BAT activity and thermogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gómez-García I, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP, Trepiana J. Changes in brown adipose tissue induced by resveratrol and its analogue pterostilbene in rats fed with a high-fat high-fructose diet. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00985-x. [PMID: 37843714 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds have attracted a great deal of attention since some of them can act as thermogenesis activators. In recent years, special interest has been placed on resveratrol and its analogue pterostilbene, a dimethylether derivative that shows higher bioavailability. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of resveratrol and its derivative pterostilbene on the thermogenic capacity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) in rats under a high-fat high-fructose diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF) and HFHF diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg body weight/day of pterostilbene (PT30) or resveratrol (RSV30), for eight weeks. Weights of adipose tissues, iBAT triglycerides, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and citrate synthase (CS) activities, protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), sirtuins (SIRT1 and 3), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter (GLUT4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), CD36 and FATP1 fatty acid transporters, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1) activation and the batokines EPDR1 and NRG4 were assessed in iBAT. The results show that some key proteins related to thermogenesis were modified by either pterostilbene or resveratrol, although the lack of effects on other crucial proteins of the thermogenic machinery suggest that these compounds were not able to stimulate this process in iBAT. Overall, these data suggest that the effects of stilbenes on brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity depend on the metabolic status, and more precisely on the presence or absence of obesity, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iker Gómez-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Wei L, Chen T, Wang H, Luo J, Chen X, Jiang Q, Xi Q, Sun J, Zhang L, Zhang Y. MiR-143 Targets SYK to Regulate NEFA Uptake and Contribute to Thermogenesis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad114. [PMID: 37486737 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Excessive energy intake is the main cause of obesity, and stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an attractive tool for antiobesity. Although miR-143 has been reported to be associated with BAT thermogenesis, its role remains unclear. Here, we found that miR-143 had highest expression in adipose tissue, especially in BAT. During short-term cold exposure or CL316,243 was injected, miR-143 was markedly downregulated in BAT and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT). Moreover, knockout (KO) of miR-143 increases the body temperature of mice upon cold exposure, which may be due to the increased thermogenesis of BAT and scWAT. More importantly, supplementation of miR-143 in BAT of KO mice can inhibit the increase in body temperature in KO mice. Mechanistically, spleen tyrosine kinase was revealed for the first time as a new target of miR-143, and deletion of miR-143 facilitates fatty acid uptake in BAT. In addition, we found that brown adipocytes can promote fat mobilization of white adipocytes, and miR-143 may participate in this process. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that inactivation of adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9) in BAT inhibits thermogenesis through AC9-PKA-AMPK-CREB-UCP1 signaling pathway. Overall, our results reveal a novel function of miR-143 on thermogenesis, and a new functional link of the BAT and WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experi-mental Animal Research Center), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experi-mental Animal Research Center), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karanfil AS, Louis F, Matsusaki M. Biofabrication of vascularized adipose tissues and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1539-1558. [PMID: 36789675 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in adipose tissue engineering and cell biology have led to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine for adipose tissue reconstruction. To date, the many in vitro and in vivo models developed for vascularized adipose tissue engineering cover a wide range of research areas, including studies with cells of various origins and types, polymeric scaffolds of natural and synthetic derivation, models presented using decellularized tissues, and scaffold-free approaches. In this review, studies on adipose tissue types with different functions, characteristics and body locations have been summarized with 3D in vitro fabrication approaches. The reason for the particular focus on vascularized adipose tissue models is that current liposuction and fat transplantation methods are unsuitable for adipose tissue reconstruction as the lack of blood vessels results in inadequate nutrient and oxygen delivery, leading to necrosis in situ. In the first part of this paper, current studies and applications of white and brown adipose tissues are presented according to the polymeric materials used, focusing on the studies which could show vasculature in vitro and after in vivo implantation, and then the research on adipose tissue fabrication and applications are explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan.
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen C, Liu L, Zhong Y, Wang M, Ai Y, Hou Y, Chen H, Lin X, Zhang Y, Ding M, Luo T, Li J, Li X, Xiao X. Gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis contributes the resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109358. [PMID: 37085058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In human and rodents, some individuals may remain lean even when they are challenged with high calorie intake. The underlying mechanism for resistance to diet-induced obesity was poorly understood. Here, we used C57BL/6J mice to establish animal models of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity sensitive (DIO) mice and obesity resistant (DIR) mice. We then investigated the role of gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in the development of DIR. Reduced fat accumulation, increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure through BAT activation were observed in DIR mice. The plasma BAs of DIR mice especially the unconjugated BAs were significantly decreased, while intestine tauro-conjugated bile acids (T-CA, T-β-MCA, T-ω-MCA and T-UDCA) were significantly increased in DIR mice. The composition of the gut flora also changed drastically, and negative correlation was found between metabolic profiles (plasma TG, TC, LDL and body weight) and the abundance of Ruminiclostridium in DIR mice, while genus Anaerotruncus abundance in DOR mice was found to be positively correlated. After fecal microbiota transplants, HFD fed recipient mice exhibited a trend toward reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance, while showing increased serum tauro-conjugated BAs levels. STC-1 cell experiments confirmed tauro-conjugated BA (T-β-MCA) activated FXR/TGR5 pathway and induced the production of GLP-1, inhibiting genes that regulate the ceramide synthesis. Our results indicated that the DIR mice exhibited higher energy expenditure by activating BAT thermogenesis, which may be related altered gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Miaoran Wang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanbiao Ai
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Hou
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Experimental Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nikolic M, Novakovic J, Ramenskaya G, Kokorekin V, Jeremic N, Jakovljevic V. Cooling down with Entresto. Can sacubitril/valsartan combination enhance browning more than coldness? Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:175. [PMID: 36419097 PMCID: PMC9686067 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a growing importance to induce a new treatment approach to encourage weight loss but also to improve maintenance of lost weight. It has been shown that promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function or acquisition of BAT characteristics in white adipose tissue (terms referred as "browning") can be protective against obesity. MAIN TEXT Amongst numerous established environmental influences on BAT activity, cold exposure is the best interested technique due to its not only effects on of BAT depots in proliferation process but also de novo differentiation of precursor cells via β-adrenergic receptor activation. A novel combination drug, sacubitril/valsartan, has been shown to be more efficient in reducing cardiovascular events and heart failure readmission compared to conventional therapy. Also, this combination of drugs increases the postprandial lipid oxidation contributing to energy expenditure, promotes lipolysis in adipocytes and reduces body weight. To date, there is no research examining potential of combined sacubitril/valsartan use to promote browning or mechanisms in the basis of this thermogenic process. CONCLUSION Due to the pronounced effects of cold and sacubitril/valsartan treatment on function and metabolism of BAT, the primary goal of further research should focused on investigation of the synergistic effects of the sacubitril/valsartan treatment at low temperature environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang O, Han L, Lin H, Tian M, Zhang S, Duan B, Chung S, Zhang C, Lian X, Wang Y, Lei Y. Fabricating 3-dimensional human brown adipose microtissues for transplantation studies. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:518-534. [PMID: 36330162 PMCID: PMC9619153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanting cell cultured brown adipocytes (BAs) represents a promising approach to prevent and treat obesity (OB) and its associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, transplanted BAs have a very low survival rate in vivo. The enzymatic dissociation during the harvest of fully differentiated BAs also loses significant cells. There is a critical need for novel methods that can avoid cell death during cell preparation, transplantation, and in vivo. Here, we reported that preparing BAs as injectable microtissues could overcome the problem. We found that 3D culture promoted BA differentiation and UCP-1 expression, and the optimal initial cell aggregate size was 100 μm. The microtissues could be produced at large scales via 3D suspension assisted with a PEG hydrogel and could be cryopreserved. Fabricated microtissues could survive in vivo for long term. They alleviated body weight and fat gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OB and T2DM mice. Transplanted microtissues impacted multiple organs, secreted protein factors, and influenced the secretion of endogenous adipokines. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on fabricating human BA microtissues and showing their safety and efficacy in T2DM mice. The proposal of transplanting fabricated BA microtissues, the microtissue fabrication method, and the demonstration of efficacy in T2DM mice are all new. Our results show that engineered 3D human BA microtissues have considerable advantages in product scalability, storage, purity, safety, dosage, survival, and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Li Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mingmei Tian
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Xiaojun Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simonsen L, Lau J, Kruse T, Guo T, McGuire J, Jeppesen JF, Niss K, Sauerberg P, Raun K, Dornonville de la Cour C. Preclinical evaluation of a protracted GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist: Translational difficulties and pitfalls. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264974. [PMID: 35245328 PMCID: PMC8896685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years combining GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism with the purpose of achieving superior weight loss and metabolic control compared to GLP-1 alone has received much attention. The superior efficacy has been shown by several in preclinical models but has been difficult to reproduce in humans. In this paper, we present the pre-clinical evaluation of NN1177, a long-acting GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist previously tested in clinical trials. To further investigate the contribution from the respective receptors, two other co-agonists (NN1151, NN1359) with different GLP-1-to-glucagon receptor ratios were evaluated in parallel. In the process of characterizing NN1177, species differences and pitfalls in traditional pre-clinical evaluation methods were identified, highlighting the translational challenges in predicting the optimal receptor balance in humans. In diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, NN1177 induced a dose-dependent body weight loss, primarily due to loss of fat mass, and improvement in glucose tolerance. In DIO rats, NN1177 induced a comparable total body weight reduction, which was in contrast mainly caused by loss of lean mass, and glucose tolerance was impaired. Furthermore, despite long half-lives of the three co-agonists, glucose control during steady state was seen to depend on compound exposure at time of evaluation. When evaluated at higher compound exposure, glucose tolerance was similarly improved for all three co-agonists, independent of receptor balance. However, at lower compound exposure, glucose tolerance was gradually impaired with higher glucagon receptor preference. In addition, glucose tolerance was found to depend on study duration where the effect of glucagon on glucose control became more evident with time. To conclude, the pharmacodynamic effects at a given GLP-1-to-glucagon ratio differs between species, depends on compound exposure and study length, complicating the identification of an optimally balanced clinical candidate. The present findings could partly explain the low number of clinical successes for this dual agonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Simonsen
- Global Obesity & Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lau
- Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kruse
- Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Tingqing Guo
- Discovery Biology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jim McGuire
- Incretin Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Kristoffer Niss
- Bioinformatics & Data Mining, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Per Sauerberg
- Project and Alliance Management, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Global Obesity & Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Yu M, Dong J, Wu Y, Tian W. Nucleophosmin3 carried by small extracellular vesicles contribute to white adipose tissue browning. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:165. [PMID: 35346213 PMCID: PMC8961928 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a particularly appealing target for therapeutics in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from adipose tissue (sEVs-AT) have emerged as novel player that regulate systemic metabolism by connecting different organs, the role of specific contents in sEVs-AT played in WAT browning has not been clarified. Results We revealed Nucleophosmin3 (NPM3), which was mainly transferred by sEVs derived from brown adipose tissue (sEVs-BAT), was served as a batokine that could induce WAT browning by regulating the stability of PRDM16 mRNA. sEVs-BAT enhanced the expressions of browning related genes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and WAT while knocking down of NPM3 in BAT impaired sEVs-BAT mediated WAT browning and weight loss in obesity. Conclusion These data provided new insight into the role of NPM3 in regulating the browning of WAT. Our study indicated that a supplement of sEVs-BAT might represent a promising therapeutic strategy to promote thermogenesis and energy expenditure in the future. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01381-1.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsao CK, Hsiao HY, Cheng MH, Zhong WB. Tracheal reconstruction with the scaffolded cartilage sheets in an orthotopic animal model. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:685-699. [PMID: 35137630 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal reconstruction remains challenged in clinical. We aimed to fabricate scaffolded cartilage sheets with rigid and elastic supports for tracheal reconstruction. The chondrocyte cell-infiltration activity was examined in the polycaprolactone sheet scaffolds with various thicknesses and pore sizes after seeding cells on the top surface of the sheet scaffolds. The expression of cartilage-related genes and accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was elevated in the cells-scaffold composites upon the chondrogenic induction. Mechanical properties of the cartilage sheets were measured by the 3-point flexural test and vertical compression test. Two tracheal defects were replaced with and cartilage sheets implants in a rabbit model for 16 weeks. The formation of the cartilaginous tissues, fibrous tissues, and airway epithelium was observed by Safranin O, Masson trichrome, and hematoxylin & eosin Y histological stains, respectively. The generation of micro-vessels, granulation tissue, and adipose tissues in the tracheal explants were analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, cartilage sheets could be a reconstructive therapy candidate applying in reconstructing defects in the trachea and other tissues composed of cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kan Tsao
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 38014, Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 38014, Center for Tissue Engineering, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Center for Tissue Enginering, 7F., No. 15, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taoyuan, N/A = Not Applicable, Taiwan, 333;
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan,, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333;
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- CGMH, 38014, 5, Fuxing Stree,, Guishan Dist., , Taiwan, 244;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dimitri P. Treatment of Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity: Now and the Future. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:846880. [PMID: 35464063 PMCID: PMC9019363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.846880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the centre of neuroendocrine regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. Maldevelopment of, or damage to, the key hypothalamic nuclei disrupts the coordinated balance between energy intake and expenditure leading, to rapid and excessive weight gain. Hypothalamic obesity is compounded by a disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, sleep disruption, visual compromise, and neurological and vascular sequalae. Amongst suprasellar tumors, craniopharyngioma is the most common cause of acquired hypothalamic obesity, either directly or following surgical or radiotherapeutic intervention. At present, therapy is limited to strategies to manage obesity but with a modest and variable impact. Current approaches include optimizing pituitary hormone replacement, calorie restriction, increased energy expenditure through physical activity, behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches include stimulants that increase energy consumption, anti-diabetic agents, hypothalamic-pituitary substitution therapy, octreotide, and methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitors. Some pharmacological studies of hypothalamic obesity report weight loss or stabilization but reported intervention periods are short, and others report no effect. The impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss in hypothalamic obesity again is variable. Novel or combined approaches to manage hypothalamic obesity are thus required to achieve credible and sustained weight loss. Identifying etiological factors contributing hypothalamic obesity may lead to multi-faceted interventions targeting hyperphagia, insulin resistance, decreased energy expenditure, sleep disturbance, hypopituitarism and psychosocial morbidity. Placebo-controlled trials using current single, or combination therapies are required to determine the impact of therapeutic agents. A well-defined approach to defining the location of hypothalamic damage may support the use of future targeted therapies. Intranasal oxytocin is currently being investigated as an anorexogenic agent. Novel agents including those targeting pro-opimelanocortin-C and AgRP/NPY expressing neurons and the MC4 receptor may result in better outcomes. This article discusses the current challenges in the management of hypothalamic obesity in children and young people and future therapeutic approaches to increasing weight loss and quality of life in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dimitri
- The Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paul Dimitri,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kong S, Huang X, Cao H, Bai Y, Che Q, Nie H, Su Z. Anti-obesity effects of galacto-oligosaccharides in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 917:174728. [PMID: 34965390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are commonly used as prebiotic with a variety of known metabolic benefits; however, whether GOS plays a protective role in obesity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GOS prevented obesity in a rat model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Our results showed that GOS effectively slowed weight gain in diet-induced obese rats without affecting energy intake. GOS significantly suppressed the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue and markedly reduced the ratio of the fat/body. Consistently, GOS significantly improved serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, indicating the weight loss activity of GOS. Interestingly, GOS also significantly increased the expression levels of browning proteins, including uncoupling protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, and PR domain 16, in both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we found that GOS markedly increased the expression levels of liver X receptor α, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase proteins in the liver of obese rats. Taken together, we concluded that GOS inhibits obesity by accelerating the browning of white fat cells and the thermogenesis of brown fat cells and that GOS improves host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Kong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingjun Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahajan N, Khare P, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. TRPA1: Pharmacology, natural activators and role in obesity prevention. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174553. [PMID: 34627805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a calcium permeable, non-selective cation channel, expressed in the sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells of different tissues. Initially studied for its role in pain and inflammation, TRPA1 has now functionally involved in multiple other physiological functions. TRPA1 channel has been extensively studied for modulation by pungent compounds present in the spices and herbs. In the last decade, the role of TRPA1 agonism in body weight reduction, secretion of hunger and satiety hormones, insulin secretion and thermogenesis, has unveiled the potential of the TRPA1 channel to be used as a preventive target to tackle obesity and associated comorbidities including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of TRPA1 based dietary/non-dietary modulation for its role in obesity prevention and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mahajan
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmed BA, Ong FJ, Barra NG, Blondin DP, Gunn E, Oreskovich SM, Szamosi JC, Syed SA, Hutchings EK, Konyer NB, Singh NP, Yabut JM, Desjardins EM, Anhê FF, Foley KP, Holloway AC, Noseworthy MD, Haman F, Carpentier AC, Surette MG, Schertzer JD, Punthakee Z, Steinberg GR, Morrison KM. Lower brown adipose tissue activity is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but not changes in the gut microbiota. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100397. [PMID: 34622234 PMCID: PMC8484690 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is associated with greater liver steatosis and changes in the gut microbiome. However, little is known about these relationships in humans. In adults (n = 60), we assessed hepatic fat and cold-stimulated BAT activity using magnetic resonance imaging and the gut microbiota with 16S sequencing. We transplanted gnotobiotic mice with feces from humans to assess the transferability of BAT activity through the microbiota. Individuals with NAFLD (n = 29) have lower BAT activity than those without, and BAT activity is inversely related to hepatic fat content. BAT activity is not related to the characteristics of the fecal microbiota and is not transmissible through fecal transplantation to mice. Thus, low BAT activity is associated with higher hepatic fat accumulation in human adults, but this does not appear to have been mediated through the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma A. Ahmed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Frank J. Ong
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicole G. Barra
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Denis P. Blondin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Stephan M. Oreskovich
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jake C. Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Metagenomics Facility, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Saad A. Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Emily K. Hutchings
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Norman B. Konyer
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nina P. Singh
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Julian M. Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eric M. Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Fernando F. Anhê
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael D. Noseworthy
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Francois Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andre C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Katherine M. Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Halbgebauer D, Roos J, Funcke JB, Neubauer H, Hamilton BS, Simon E, Amri EZ, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Tews D. Latent TGFβ-binding proteins regulate UCP1 expression and function via TGFβ2. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101336. [PMID: 34481123 PMCID: PMC8456047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans has been proposed as a new treatment approach for combating obesity and its associated diseases, as BAT participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic contributors driving brown adipogenesis in humans have not been fully understood. Methods Profiling the gene expression of progenitor cells from subcutaneous and deep neck adipose tissue, we discovered new secreted factors with potential regulatory roles in white and brown adipogenesis. Among these, members of the latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein (LTBP) family were highly expressed in brown compared to white adipocyte progenitor cells, suggesting that these proteins are capable of promoting brown adipogenesis. To investigate this potential, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate LTBP-deficient human preadipocytes. Results We demonstrate that LTBP2 and LTBP3 deficiency does not affect adipogenic differentiation, but diminishes UCP1 expression and function in the obtained mature adipocytes. We further show that these effects are dependent on TGFβ2 but not TGFβ1 signaling: TGFβ2 deficiency decreases adipocyte UCP1 expression, whereas TGFβ2 treatment increases it. The activity of the LTBP3–TGFβ2 axis that we delineate herein also significantly correlates with UCP1 expression in human white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting an important role in regulating WAT browning as well. Conclusions These results provide evidence that LTBP3, via TGFβ2, plays an important role in promoting brown adipogenesis by modulating UCP1 expression and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Inhibition of LTBP2 and LTBP3 reduces secretion of TGFβ2. Both knockout of LTBP2/3 or TGFβ2 inhibit UCP1 expression and mitochondrial respiration in human adipocytes. Expression of TGFβ2 correlates with UCP1 expression in human adipose tissue. Treatment with TGFβ2 rescues inhibition of UCP1 by LTBP knockout during adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Halbgebauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Roos
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J B Funcke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Neubauer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - B S Hamilton
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E Z Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - K M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Tews
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Serdan TDA, Masi LN, Pereira JNB, Rodrigues LE, Alecrim AL, Scervino MVM, Diniz VLS, Dos Santos AAC, Filho CPBS, Alba-Loureiro TC, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Bazotte RB, Gorjão R, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Hirabara SM. Impaired brown adipose tissue is differentially modulated in insulin-resistant obese wistar and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112019. [PMID: 34403962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target to treat obesity and diabetes, dissipating energy as heat. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with obesogenic diets; however, T2D was also reported in lean individuals to be associated with genetic factors. We aimed to investigate the differences between obese and lean models of insulin resistance (IR) and elucidate the mechanism associated with BAT metabolism and dysfunction in different IR animal models: a genetic model (lean GK rats) and obese models (diet-induced obese Wistar rats) at 8 weeks of age fed a high-carbohydrate (HC), high-fat (HF) diet, or high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks. At 15 weeks of age, BAT glucose uptake was evaluated by 18F-FDG PET under basal (saline administration) or stimulated condition (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist). After CL316, 243 administrations, GK animals showed decreased glucose uptake compared to HC animals. At 16 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized, and the interscapular BAT was dissected for analysis. Histological analyses showed lower cell density in GK rats and higher adipocyte area compared to all groups, followed by HFHS and HF compared to HC. HFHS showed a decreased batokine FGF21 protein level compared to all groups. However, GK animals showed increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (CPT1 and CPT2), BAT metabolism (Sirt1 and Pgc1-α), and obesogenic genes (leptin and PAI-1) but decreased gene expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) compared to other groups. Our data suggest impaired BAT function in obese Wistar and GK rats, with evidence of a whitening process in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lins Alecrim
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Collantes M, Fernández-Galilea M, Castilla-Madrigal R, Ly L, Dalli J, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Changes in brown adipose tissue lipid mediator signatures with aging, obesity, and DHA supplementation in female mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21592. [PMID: 33960028 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dysfunction in aging and obesity has been related to chronic unresolved inflammation, which could be mediated by an impaired production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as Lipoxins-LXs, Resolvins-Rvs, Protectins-PDs, and Maresins-MaRs. Our aim was to characterize the changes in BAT SPMs signatures and their association with BAT dysfunction during aging, especially under obesogenic conditions, and their modulation by a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet. Lipidomic, functional, and molecular studies were performed in BAT of 2- and 18-month-old lean (CT) female mice and in 18-month-old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), or a DHA-enriched HFD. Aging downregulated Prdm16 and UCP1 levels, especially in DIO mice, while DHA partially restored them. Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived LXs and DHA-derived MaRs and PDs were the most abundant SPMs in BAT of young CT mice. Interestingly, the sum of LXs and of PDs were significantly lower in aged DIO mice compared to young CT mice. Some of the SPMs most significantly reduced in obese-aged mice included LXB4 , MaR2, 4S,14S-diHDHA, 10S,17S-diHDHA (a.k.a. PDX), and RvD6. In contrast, DHA increased DHA-derived SPMs, without modifying LXs. However, MicroPET studies showed that DHA was not able to counteract the impaired cold exposure response in BAT of obese-aged mice. Our data suggest that a defective SPMs production could underlie the decrease of BAT activity observed in obese-aged mice, and highlight the relevance to further characterize the physiological role and therapeutic potential of specific SPMs on BAT development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Collantes
- Radiopharmacy, Radionanopharmacology and Translational Molecular Imaging Research Group, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucy Ly
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Center for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Targeting Energy Expenditure-Drugs for Obesity Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050435. [PMID: 34066399 PMCID: PMC8148206 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are associated with lethal diseases. In this context, obese and overweight individuals infected by COVID-19 are at greater risk of dying. Obesity is treated by three main pharmaceutical approaches, namely suppressing appetite, reducing energy intake by impairing absorption, and increasing energy expenditure. Most compounds used for the latter were first envisaged for other medical uses. However, several candidates are now being developed explicitly for targeting obesity by increasing energy expenditure. This review analyzes the compounds that show anti-obesity activity exerted through the energy expenditure pathway. They are classified on the basis of their development status: FDA-approved, Withdrawn, Clinical Trials, and Under Development. The chemical nature, target, mechanisms of action, and description of the current stage of development are described for each one.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sass F, Schlein C, Jaeckstein MY, Pertzborn P, Schweizer M, Schinke T, Ballabio A, Scheja L, Heeren J, Fischer AW. TFEB deficiency attenuates mitochondrial degradation upon brown adipose tissue whitening at thermoneutrality. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101173. [PMID: 33516944 PMCID: PMC7903014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis offers the potential to improve metabolic health in mice and humans. However, humans predominantly live under thermoneutral conditions, leading to BAT whitening, a reduction in BAT mitochondrial content and metabolic activity. Recent studies have established mitophagy as a major driver of mitochondrial degradation in the whitening of thermogenic brite/beige adipocytes, yet the pathways mediating mitochondrial breakdown in whitening of classical BAT remain largely elusive. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy belonging to the MiT family of transcription factors, is the only member of this family that is upregulated during whitening, pointing toward a role of TFEB in whitening-associated mitochondrial breakdown. METHODS We generated brown adipocyte-specific TFEB knockout mice, and induced BAT whitening by thermoneutral housing. We characterized gene and protein expression patterns, BAT metabolic activity, systemic metabolism, and mitochondrial localization using in vivo and in vitro approaches. RESULTS Under low thermogenic activation conditions, deletion of TFEB preserves mitochondrial mass independently of mitochondriogenesis in BAT and primary brown adipocytes. However, this does not translate into elevated thermogenic capacity or protection from diet-induced obesity. Autophagosomal/lysosomal marker levels are altered in TFEB-deficient BAT and primary adipocytes, and lysosomal markers co-localize and co-purify with mitochondria in TFEB-deficient BAT, indicating trapping of mitochondria in late stages of mitophagy. CONCLUSION We identify TFEB as a driver of BAT whitening, mediating mitochondrial degradation via the autophagosomal and lysosomal machinery. This study provides proof of concept that interfering with the mitochondrial degradation machinery can increase mitochondrial mass in classical BAT under human-relevant conditions. However, it must be considered that interfering with autophagy may result in accumulation of non-functional mitochondria. Future studies targeting earlier steps of mitophagy or target recognition are therefore warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pertzborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li X, Lu HY, Jiang XW, Yang Y, Xing B, Yao D, Wu Q, Xu ZH, Zhao QC. Cinnamomum cassia extract promotes thermogenesis during exposure to cold via activation of brown adipose tissue. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113413. [PMID: 32980484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl (Lauraceae), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, is well known to exert hot property. It is recorded as dispelling cold drug in ancient Chinese monographs, such as Synopsis of golden chamber published in Han dynasty. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015), Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl (Cinnamon) has the functions of dispersing cold, relieving pain, warming meridians and promoting blood circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Cinnamon extract (CE) on cold endurance and the mechanism of thermogenesis activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The improving effect of hypothermia were evaluated with body temperature by infrared camera and multi-thermo thermometer. In vivo, the thermogenic effect was observed with energy metabolism and substrate utilization. The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was evaluated with the histomorphology and expression of thermogenic protein. In vitro, the uncoupling effect on mitochondrial was evaluated with Seahorse and fluorescent staining. The mechanism of thermogenesis was explored in brown adipocyte. RESULTS The body temperature and energy expenditure were significantly increased by CE administration in cold environment. In morphology, lipid droplets were reduced and the number of mitochondrial was increased. CE significantly increased the non-shivering thermogenesis via upregulating the expression of thermogenic protein. In vitro, the uncoupling effect was obviously along with the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. It was confirmed that the thermogenesis effect was induced via lipolysis and energy metabolism. In addition, CE also alleviated myocardium injury in the morphology in cold environment. Moreover, the major constituent was identified as (1) coumarin, (2) cinnamic acid, (3) cinnamaldehyde and (4) 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of improving cold tolerance was related to lipolysis and activation of BAT. Meanwhile, we provided a kind of potential prevention methods for cold injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Lu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Dong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Im H, Park JH, Im S, Han J, Kim K, Lee YH. Regulatory roles of G-protein coupled receptors in adipose tissue metabolism and their therapeutic potential. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:133-145. [PMID: 33550564 PMCID: PMC7907040 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of obesity has increased the need to discover new therapeutic targets to combat obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue, which is one of the major metabolic organs that regulate energy homeostasis. However, there are currently no approved anti-obesity therapeutics that directly target adipose tissue metabolism. With recent advances in the understanding of adipose tissue biology, molecular mechanisms involved in brown adipose tissue expansion and metabolic activation have been investigated as potential therapeutic targets to increase energy expenditure. This review focuses on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) as they are the most successful class of druggable targets in human diseases and have an important role in regulating adipose tissue metabolism. We summarize recent findings on the major GPCR classes that regulate thermogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue. Improved understanding of GPCR signaling pathways that regulate these processes could facilitate the development of novel pharmacological approaches to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 29-Room # 311, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 29-Room # 311, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seowoo Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 29-Room # 311, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 29-Room # 311, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 29-Room # 311, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 29-Room # 311, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Van Schaik L, Kettle C, Green R, Irving HR, Rathner JA. Effects of Caffeine on Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Metabolic Homeostasis: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621356. [PMID: 33613184 PMCID: PMC7889509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism on understanding energy balance in humans is a relatively new and exciting field of research. The pathogenesis of obesity can be largely explained by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms are far more complex. Traditional non-selective sympathetic activators have been used to artificially elevate energy utilization, or suppress appetite, however undesirable side effects are apparent with the use of these pharmacological interventions. Understanding the role of BAT, in relation to human energy homeostasis has the potential to dramatically offset the energy imbalance associated with obesity. This review discusses paradoxical effects of caffeine on peripheral adenosine receptors and the possible role of adenosine in increasing metabolism is highlighted, with consideration to the potential of central rather than peripheral mechanisms for caffeine mediated BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Research on the complex physiology of adipose tissue, the embryonic lineage and function of the different types of adipocytes is summarized. In addition, the effect of BAT on overall human metabolism and the extent of the associated increase in energy expenditure are discussed. The controversy surrounding the primary β-adrenoceptor involved in human BAT activation is examined, and suggestions as to the lack of translational findings from animal to human physiology and human in vitro to in vivo models are provided. This review compares and distinguishes human and rodent BAT effects, thus developing an understanding of human BAT thermogenesis to aid lifestyle interventions targeting obesity and metabolic syndrome. The focus of this review is on the effect of BAT thermogenesis on overall metabolism, and the potential therapeutic effects of caffeine in increasing metabolism via its effects on BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Van Schaik
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Kettle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney Green
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen R Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph A Rathner
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041530. [PMID: 33546400 PMCID: PMC7913527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and their related metabolic complications have prompted the scientific world to search for new possibilities to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), due to its unique protein uncoupling protein 1 (UPC1) in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, has been acknowledged as a promising approach to increase energy expenditure. Activated brown adipocytes dissipate energy, resulting in heat production. In other words, BAT burns fat and increases the metabolic rate, promoting a negative energy balance. Moreover, BAT alleviates metabolic complications like dyslipidemia, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to explore the role of BAT in total energy expenditure, as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis, and to discuss new possible activators of brown adipose tissue in humans to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Brendle C, Stefan N, Grams E, Soekler M, la Fougère C, Pfannenberg C. Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21802. [PMID: 33311572 PMCID: PMC7732986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The determinants of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are not yet known in detail but might serve as future therapeutic targets against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 235 datasets of lymphoma patients with two PET/CT examinations at different time points retrospectively. We assessed the anthropometric characteristics, features related to the metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, season of the PET/CT examination, weight change, prior cancer history, lymphoma subgroups, disease activity, and specific lymphoma-related therapies, and evaluated their association with BAT activity. We found BAT activity in 12% of all examinations, and the incidence of BAT activity after initially negative examinations was 10%. In multivariate regression analysis, the prevalence of BAT activity was associated with age, body mass index, sex, the season of the examination, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and medication on the beta-receptors. New BAT activity arose more often in patients without preceding lymphoma-related therapy. No specific medication was associated with BAT activity. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential connection of BAT with the metabolic syndrome. Preceding lymphoma-related therapy might have an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendle
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Grams
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Isoliquiritigenin Enhances the Beige Adipocyte Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by JNK Inhibition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235660. [PMID: 33271769 PMCID: PMC7730955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be isolated from fat tissue and have attracted interest for their potential therapeutic applications in metabolic disease. hASCs can be induced to undergo adipogenic differentiation in vitro by exposure to chemical agents or inductive growth factors. We investigated the effects and mechanism of differentiating hASC-derived white adipocytes into functional beige and brown adipocytes with isoliquiritigenin (ILG) treatment. Here, we showed that hASC-derived white adipocytes could promote brown adipogenesis by expressing both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR/SET Domain 16 (PRDM16) following low-dose ILG treatments. ILG treatment of white adipocytes enhanced the expression of brown fat-specific markers, while the expression levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway proteins were downregulated. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation contributed to white adipocyte differentiation into beige adipocytes, which was validated by the use of SP600125. We identified distinct regulatory effects of ILG dose responses and suggested that low-dose ILG induced the beige adipocyte potential of hASCs via JNK inhibition.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jurado-Fasoli L, Merchan-Ramirez E, Martinez-Tellez B, Acosta FM, Sanchez-Delgado G, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Muñoz Hernandez V, Martinez-Avila WD, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Xu H, Arias Téllez MJ, Ruiz-López MD, Llamas-Elvira JM, Gil Á, Labayen I, Ruiz JR. Association between dietary factors and brown adipose tissue volume/ 18F-FDG uptake in young adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1997-2008. [PMID: 32994069 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake after personalized cold exposure in young healthy adults. METHODS A total of 122 young adults (n = 82 women; 22.0 ± 2.1 years old; 24.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2) took part in this cross-sectional study. Dietary factors were measured via a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Dietary energy density (foods and caloric beverages included) and macronutrient intakes were subsequently estimated using EvalFINUT® software, food group consumption was estimated from the food frequency questionnaire, and different dietary patterns and quality indices were determined according to the reference methods. BAT volume, BAT 18F-FDG uptake, and skeletal muscle 18F-FDG uptake were assessed by static 18F-FDG positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scans after a 2 h personalized exposure to cold. RESULTS A direct association was detected between dietary energy density and BAT Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)mean (β = 0.215; R2 = 0.044; P = 0.022), and between ethanol consumption and BAT volume (β = 0.215; R2 = 0.044; P = 0.022). The a priori Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (β = -0.273; R2 = 0.075; P = 0.003 and β = -0.255; R2 = 0.066; P = 0.005 respectively). In addition, the diet quality index for a Mediterranean diet and a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (as determined via the dietary inflammatory index) were directly associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (SUVmean: β = 0.238; R2 = 0.053; P = 0.013 and β = 0.256; R2 = 0.052; P = 0.012 respectively; SUVpeak: β = 0.278; R2 = 0.073; P = 0.003 and β = 0.248; R2 = 0.049; P = 0.016 respectively). After controlling for multiplicity and possible confounders (sex, the evaluation wave and BMI), all the detected associations persisted. CONCLUSION Dietary factors are slightly associated with BAT volume and/or 18F-FDG uptake after a personalized cold exposure in young adults. Our results provide an overall picture of the potential relationships between dietary factors and BAT-related variables in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Muñoz Hernandez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Wendy D Martinez-Avila
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Huiwen Xu
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Arias Téllez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independence, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 (a) pta, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 (a) pta, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiang AS, Giles C, Loh RK, Formosa MF, Eikelis N, Lambert GW, Meikle PJ, Kingwell BA, Carey AL. Plasma Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Concentrations Are Positively Associated with Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100388. [PMID: 32998426 PMCID: PMC7601733 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is a possible therapeutic strategy to increase energy expenditure and improve metabolic homeostasis in obesity. Recent studies have revealed novel interactions between BAT and circulating lipid species—in particular, the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and oxylipin lipid classes. This study aimed to identify individual lipid species that may be associated with cold-stimulated BAT activity in humans. A panel of 44 NEFA and 41 oxylipin species were measured using mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics in the plasma of fourteen healthy male participants before and after 90 min of mild cold exposure. Lipid measures were correlated with BAT activity measured via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), along with norepinephrine (NE) concentration (a surrogate marker of sympathetic activity). The study identified a significant increase in total NEFA concentration following cold exposure that was positively associated with NE concentration change. Individually, 33 NEFA and 11 oxylipin species increased significantly in response to cold exposure. The concentration of the omega-3 NEFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at baseline was significantly associated with BAT activity, and the cold-induced change in 18 NEFA species was significantly associated with BAT activity. No significant associations were identified between BAT activity and oxylipins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angie S. Xiang
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.S.X.); (R.K.C.L.); (M.F.F.); (B.A.K.); (A.L.C.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8532-1536
| | - Rebecca K.C. Loh
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.S.X.); (R.K.C.L.); (M.F.F.); (B.A.K.); (A.L.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa F. Formosa
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.S.X.); (R.K.C.L.); (M.F.F.); (B.A.K.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne Institute of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia; (N.E.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne Institute of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia; (N.E.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
| | - Bronwyn A. Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.S.X.); (R.K.C.L.); (M.F.F.); (B.A.K.); (A.L.C.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Research Therapeutic Area, CSL Limited, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Carey
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (A.S.X.); (R.K.C.L.); (M.F.F.); (B.A.K.); (A.L.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sievers W, Rathner JA, Green RA, Kettle C, Irving HR, Whelan DR, Fernandez RGD, Zacharias A. Innervation of supraclavicular adipose tissue: A human cadaveric study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236286. [PMID: 32702004 PMCID: PMC7377457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) was identified in adult humans only in 2007 with the use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between obesity and BAT presence in humans. It is proposed that BAT possesses the capacity to increase metabolism and aid weight loss. In rodents it is well established that BAT is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system with the interscapular BAT being innervated via branches of intercostal nerves. Whilst there is evidence to suggest that BAT possesses beta-3 adrenoceptors, no studies have identified the specific nerve branch that carries sympathetic innervation to BAT in humans. The aim of this study was to identify and trace the peripheral nerve or nerves that innervate human BAT in the supraclavicular region. The posterior triangle region of the neck of cadaveric specimens were dissected in order to identify any peripheral nerve branches piercing and/or terminating in supraclavicular BAT. A previously undescribed branch of the cervical plexus terminating in a supraclavicular adipose depot was identified in all specimens. This was typically an independent branch of the plexus, from the third cervical spinal nerve, but in one specimen was a branch of the supraclavicular nerve. Histological analysis revealed the supraclavicular adipose depot contained tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive structures, which likely represent sympathetic axons. This is the first study that identifies a nerve branch to supraclavicular BAT-like tissue. This finding opens new avenues for the investigation of neural regulation of fat metabolism in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will Sievers
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Rathner
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Green
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Kettle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donna R. Whelan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard G. D. Fernandez
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huska B, Niccoli S, Phenix CP, Lees SJ. Leucine Potentiates Glucose-mediated 18F-FDG Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue via β-Adrenergic Activation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060159. [PMID: 32545834 PMCID: PMC7345234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant depots of brown adipose tissue (BAT) have been identified in many adult humans through positron emission tomography (PET), with the amount of BAT being inversely correlated with obesity. As dietary activation of BAT has implications for whole body glucose metabolism, leucine was used in the present study to determine its ability to promote BAT activation resulting in increased glucose uptake. In order to assess this, 2-deoxy-2-(fluorine-18)fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake was measured in C57BL/6 mice using microPET after treatment with leucine, glucose, or both in interscapular BAT (IBAT). Pretreatment with propranolol (PRP) was used to determine the role of β-adrenergic activation in glucose and leucine-mediated 18F-FDG uptake. Analysis of maximum standardized uptake values (SUVMAX) determined that glucose administration increased 18F-FDG uptake in IBAT by 25.3%. While leucine did not promote 18F-FDG uptake alone, it did potentiate glucose-mediated 18F-FDG uptake, increasing 18F-FDG uptake in IBAT by 22.5%, compared to glucose alone. Pretreatment with PRP prevented the increase in IBAT 18F-FDG uptake following the combination of glucose and leucine administration. These data suggest that leucine is effective in promoting BAT 18F-FDG uptake through β-adrenergic activation in combination with glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Huska
- Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Sarah Niccoli
- Medical Sciences, Lakehead University Faculty of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Christopher P. Phenix
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7A 7T1, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.P.P.); (S.J.L.); Tel.: +1-(306)-966-4193 (C.P.P.); +1-(807)-766-7435 (S.J.L.); Fax: +1-(306)-966-4730 (C.P.P.); +1-(807)-766-7362 (S.J.L.)
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Medical Sciences, Lakehead University Faculty of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.P.P.); (S.J.L.); Tel.: +1-(306)-966-4193 (C.P.P.); +1-(807)-766-7435 (S.J.L.); Fax: +1-(306)-966-4730 (C.P.P.); +1-(807)-766-7362 (S.J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Human beige adipocytes for drug discovery and cell therapy in metabolic diseases. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2758. [PMID: 32488069 PMCID: PMC7265435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beige adipocytes (BAs) have potential utility for the development of therapeutics to treat diabetes and obesity-associated diseases. Although several reports have described the generation of beige adipocytes in vitro, their potential utility in cell therapy and drug discovery has not been reported. Here, we describe the generation of BAs from human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) in serum-free medium with efficiencies >90%. Molecular profiling of beige adipocytes shows them to be similar to primary BAs isolated from human tissue. In vitro, beige adipocytes exhibit uncoupled mitochondrial respiration and cAMP-induced lipolytic activity. Following transplantation, BAs increase whole-body energy expenditure and oxygen consumption, while reducing body-weight in recipient mice. Finally, we show the therapeutic utility of BAs in a platform for high-throughput drug screening (HTS). These findings demonstrate the potential utility of BAs as a cell therapeutic and as a tool for the identification of drugs to treat metabolic diseases. Methods to generate beige adipocytes from a human cell source are inefficient. Here, the authors present a protocol that efficiently generates beige adipocytes from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which have potential utility in therapeutic development relating to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nutritional and metabolic regulation of brown and beige adipose tissues. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:181-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Selenium and Selenoproteins in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040658. [PMID: 32344656 PMCID: PMC7225961 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) homeostasis is tightly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but its possible roles in obesity development and in adipocyte metabolism are unclear. The objective of the present study is to review the current data on Se status in obesity and to discuss the interference between Se and selenoprotein metabolism in adipocyte physiology and obesity pathogenesis. The overview and meta-analysis of the studies on blood Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in obese subjects, have yielded heterogenous and even conflicting results. Laboratory studies demonstrate that Se may modulate preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, and also interfere with insulin signaling, and regulate lipolysis. Knockout models have demonstrated that the selenoprotein machinery, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins together with GPXs and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs), are tightly related to adipocyte development and functioning. In conclusion, Se and selenoproteins appear to play an essential role in adipose tissue physiology, although human data are inconsistent. Taken together, these findings do not support the utility of Se supplementation to prevent or alleviate obesity in humans. Further human and laboratory studies are required to elucidate associations between Se metabolism and obesity.
Collapse
|
36
|
21st Century Advances in Multimodality Imaging of Obesity for Care of the Cardiovascular Patient. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 14:482-494. [PMID: 32305476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is typically defined by body mass index criteria, this does not differentiate true body fatness, as this includes both body fat and muscle. Therefore, other fat depots may better define cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk imposed by obesity. Data from translational, epidemiological, and clinical studies over the past 3 decades have clearly demonstrated that accumulation of adiposity in the abdominal viscera and within tissue depots lacking physiological adipose tissue storage capacity (termed "ectopic fat") is strongly associated with the development of a clinical syndrome characterized by atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia/glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and abnormal cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This state-of-the-art paper discusses the impact of various body fat depots on cardiometabolic parameters and CVD risk. Specifically, it reviews novel and emerging imaging techniques to evaluate adiposity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and CVD.
Collapse
|
37
|
Feraco A, Marzolla V, Scuteri A, Armani A, Caprio M. Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Metabolic Syndrome: From Physiology to Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:205-217. [PMID: 31843490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several studies have shown that activity of extra-renal mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) regulates vascular tone, adipogenesis, adipose tissue function, and cardiomyocyte contraction. In mice, abnormal activation of MR in the vasculature and in adipose tissue favors the occurrence of several components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as hypertension, obesity, and glucose intolerance. Accordingly, high levels of aldosterone are associated with obesity and MetS in humans, suggesting that altered activation of aldosterone-MR system in extra-renal tissues leads to profound metabolic dysfunctions. In this context, in addition to the classical indications for heart failure and hypertension, MR antagonists (MRAs) nowadays represent a promising approach to tackle cardiovascular and metabolic disorders occurring in the MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feraco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Scuteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Seoane-Collazo P, Martínez-Sánchez N, Milbank E, Contreras C. Incendiary Leptin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020472. [PMID: 32069871 PMCID: PMC7071158 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis through its binding to leptin receptors (LepR), mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Most scientific evidence points to leptin’s satiating effect being due to its dual capacity to promote the expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides and to reduce orexigenic expression in the hypothalamus. However, it has also been demonstrated that leptin can stimulate (i) thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and (ii) the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the demonstration of the importance of BAT in humans 10 years ago, its study has aroused great interest, mainly in the improvement of obesity-associated metabolic disorders through the induction of thermogenesis. Consequently, several strategies targeting BAT activation (mainly in rodent models) have demonstrated great potential to improve hyperlipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and weight gain, leading to an overall healthier metabolic profile. Here, we review the potential therapeutic ability of leptin to correct obesity and other metabolic disorders, not only through its satiating effect, but by also utilizing its thermogenic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Butter Promotes Fatty Acid Remodeling and Thermogenic Activation in the Brown Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010136. [PMID: 31947716 PMCID: PMC7019653 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with n-3 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is known to promote thermogenesis via the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Agricultural products that are biofortified with α-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of n-3 LC PUFA, have been launched to the market, but their impact on BAT function is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ALA-biofortified butter on lipid metabolism and thermogenic functions in the BAT. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet containing ALA-biofortified butter (n3Bu, 45% calorie from fat) for ten weeks in comparison with the isocaloric high-fat diets prepared from conventional butter or margarine. The intake of n3Bu significantly reduced the whitening of BAT and increased the thermogenesis in response to acute-cold treatment. Also, n3Bu supplementation is linked with the remodeling of BAT by promoting bioconversion into n-3 LC PUFA, FA elongation and desaturation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our results support that ALA-biofortified butter is a novel source of n-3 PUFA, which potentiates the BAT thermogenic function.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) reduces adiposity and prevents metabolic disease caused by diet-induced obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
41
|
Halpern B, Mancini MC, Mendes C, Machado CML, Prando S, Sapienza MT, Buchpiguel CA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin deficiency decreases brown adipose tissue acute thermogenic capacity of in rats measured by 18F-FDG PET. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:82. [PMID: 32973928 PMCID: PMC7504678 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin has been shown to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, which can lead to important metabolic effects, such as bodyweight reduction and glycemic improvement. However, BAT mass can only be measured invasively and. The gold standard for non-invasive measurement of BAT activity is positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There is no study, to our knowledge, that has evaluated if melatonin influences BAT activity, measured by this imaging technique in animals. METHODS Three experimental groups of Wistar rats (control, pinealectomy, and pinealectomy replaced with melatonin) had an 18F-FDG PET performed at room temperature and after acute cold exposure. The ratio of increased BAT activity after cold exposure/room temperature was called "acute thermogenic capacity" (ATC) We also measured UCP-1 mRNA expression to correlate with the 18F-FDG PET results. RESULTS Pinealectomy led to reduced acute thermogenic capacity, compared with the other groups, as well as reduced UCP1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Melatonin deficiency impairs BAT response when exposed to acute cold exposure. These results can lead to future studies of the influence of melatonin on BAT, in animals and humans, without needing an invasive evaluation of BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Mancini
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Mendes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Maria Longo Machado
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Prando
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yaligar J, Verma SK, Gopalan V, Anantharaj R, Thu Le GT, Kaur K, Mallilankaraman K, Leow MKS, Velan SS. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of brown and beige adipose tissues. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:384-395. [PMID: 31799761 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The vascular blood flow in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for handling triglyceride clearance, increased blood flow and oxygenation. We used dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and fat fraction (FF) imaging for investigating vascular perfusion kinetics in brown and beige adipose tissues with cold exposure or treatment with β3-adrenergic agonist. METHODS FF imaging and DCE-MRI using gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were performed in interscapular BAT (iBAT) and beige tissues using male Wister rats (n = 38). Imaging was performed at thermoneutral condition and with either cold exposure, treatment with pharmacological agent CL-316,243, or saline. DCE-MRI and FF data were co-registered to enhance the understanding of metabolic activity. RESULTS Uptake of contrast agent in activated iBAT and beige tissues were significantly (P < .05) higher than nonactivated iBAT. The Ktrans and kep increased significantly in iBAT and beige tissues after treatment with either cold exposure or β3-adrenergic agonist. The FF decreased in activated iBAT and beige tissues. The Ktrans and FF from iBAT and beige tissues were inversely correlated (r = 0.97; r = 0.94). Significant increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression and Ktrans in activated iBAT and beige tissues were in agreement with the increased vasculature and vascular perfusion kinetics. The iBAT and beige tissues were validated by measuring molecular markers. CONCLUSION Increased Ktrans and decreased FF in iBAT and beige tissues were in agreement with the vascular perfusion kinetics facilitating the clearance of free fatty acids. The methodology can be extended for the screening of browning agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadegoud Yaligar
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rengaraj Anantharaj
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Giang Thi Thu Le
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kavita Kaur
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Program, Duke-NUS.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oreskovich SM, Ong FJ, Ahmed BA, Konyer NB, Blondin DP, Gunn E, Singh NP, Noseworthy MD, Haman F, Carpentier AC, Punthakee Z, Steinberg GR, Morrison KM. MRI Reveals Human Brown Adipose Tissue Is Rapidly Activated in Response to Cold. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:2374-2384. [PMID: 31745532 PMCID: PMC6855213 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Context In rodents, cold exposure induces the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the induction of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis. However, in humans, the kinetics of supraclavicular (SCV) BAT activation and the potential importance of TAG stores remain poorly defined. Objective To determine the time course of BAT activation and changes in intracellular TAG using MRI assessment of the SCV (i.e., BAT depot) and fat in the posterior neck region (i.e., non-BAT). Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center. Patients or Other Participants Twelve healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 29 years [body mass index = 24.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2 and body fat percentage = 25.0% ± 7.4% (both, mean ± SD)]. Intervention(s) Standardized whole-body cold exposure (180 minutes at 18°C) and immediate rewarming (30 minutes at 32°C). Main Outcome Measure(s) Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* of the SCV and posterior neck fat pads. Acquisitions occurred at 5- to 15-minute intervals during cooling and subsequent warming. Results SCV PDFF declined significantly after only 10 minutes of cold exposure [−1.6% (SE: 0.44%; P = 0.007)] and continued to decline until 35 minutes, after which time it remained stable until 180 minutes. A similar time course was also observed for SCV T2*. In the posterior neck fat (non-BAT), there were no cold-induced changes in PDFF or T2*. Rewarming did not result in a change in SCV PDFF or T2*. Conclusions The rapid cold-induced decline in SCV PDFF suggests that in humans BAT is activated quickly in response to cold and that TAG is a primary substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Oreskovich
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank J Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basma A Ahmed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman B Konyer
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina P Singh
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Noseworthy
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francois Haman
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marques-Oliveira GH, Silva TM, Valadares HMS, Raposo HF, Carolino RDOG, Garófalo MAR, Anselmo-Franci JA, do Carmo Kettelhut I, de Oliveira HCF, Chaves VE. Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Innervated and Denervated Adipose Tissue from Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats. Lipids 2019; 54:231-244. [PMID: 31025715 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies show that cafeteria diet increases body adiposity, plasma insulin levels, and sympathetic activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Wistar rats, leading to rapid and progressive changes in the metabolic profile. The identification of suitable reference genes that are not affected by the experimental conditions is a critical step in accurate normalization of the reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), a commonly used assay to elucidate changes in the gene expression profile. In the present study, the effects of the cafeteria diet and sympathetic innervation on the gene expression of adrenoceptor beta 3 (Adrb3) from BAT and WAT were assessed using one of the most stable and one of the least stable genes as normalizers. Rats were fed the cafeteria diet and on the 17th day, interscapular BAT or retroperitoneal WAT was denervated and, 7 days after surgery, the contralateral innervated tissue was used as control. Ten reference genes were evaluated (18S, B2m, Actb, CypA, Gapdh, Hprt1, Rpl32, Tbp, Ubc, and Ywhaz) and ranked according to their stability using the following algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta threshold cycle (ΔC t ) method. According to the algorithms employed, the normalization of Adrb3 expression by the least stable genes produced opposite results compared with the most stable genes and literature data. In cafeteria and control diet-fed rats, the three most stable genes were Hprt1, Tbp, and Rpl32 for interscapular BAT and Tbp, B2m, and Hprt1 for retroperitoneal WAT, while the least stable genes were 18S, Actb, and Gapdh for both tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleuber Henrique Marques-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Marques Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helder Magno Silva Valadares
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helena Fonseca Raposo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 255, 13.083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruither de Oliveira Gomes Carolino
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentristy School, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Antonieta Rissato Garófalo
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentristy School, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Departments of Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenueof Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Coutinho Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 255, 13.083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Biasutto L, Mattarei A, La Spina M, Azzolini M, Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M. Strategies to target bioactive molecules to subcellular compartments. Focus on natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111557. [PMID: 31374419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many potential pharmacological targets are present in multiple subcellular compartments and have different pathophysiological roles depending on location. In these cases, selective targeting of a drug to the relevant subcellular domain(s) may help to sharpen its impact by providing topological specificity, thus limiting side effects, and to concentrate the compound where needed, thus increasing its effectiveness. We review here the state of the art in precision subcellular delivery. The major approaches confer "homing" properties to the active principle via permanent or reversible (in pro-drug fashion) modifications, or through the use of special-design nanoparticles or liposomes to ferry a drug(s) cargo to its desired destination. An assortment of peptides, substituents with delocalized positive charges, custom-blended lipid mixtures, pH- or enzyme-sensitive groups provide the main tools of the trade. Mitochondria, lysosomes and the cell membrane may be mentioned as the fronts on which the most significant advances have been made. Most of the examples presented here have to do with targeting natural compounds - in particular polyphenols, known as pleiotropic agents - to one or the other subcellular compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Dept. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina La Spina
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Motiani P, Teuho J, Saari T, Virtanen KA, Honkala SM, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ, Eskola O, Andersson J, Löyttyniemi E, Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P. Exercise training alters lipoprotein particles independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:258-272. [PMID: 31275600 PMCID: PMC6587322 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction New strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance in humans are needed. Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) can stimulate energy expenditure and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether exercise training is an efficient stimulus to activate and recruit BAT remains to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate whether regular exercise training affects cold‐stimulated BAT metabolism and, if so, whether this was associated with changes in plasma metabolites. Methods Healthy sedentary men (n = 11; aged 31 [SD 7] years; body mass index 23 [0.9] kg m−2; VO2 max 39 [7.6] mL min−1 kg−1) participated in a 6‐week exercise training intervention. Fasting BAT and neck muscle glucose uptake (GU) were measured using quantitative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging three times: (1) before training at room temperature and (2) before and (3) after the training period during cold stimulation. Cervico‐thoracic BAT mass was measured using MRI signal fat fraction maps. Plasma metabolites were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Cold exposure increased supraclavicular BAT GU by threefold (p < 0.001), energy expenditure by 59% (p < 0.001) and plasma fatty acids (p < 0.01). Exercise training had no effect on cold‐induced GU in BAT or neck muscles. Training increased aerobic capacity (p = 0.01) and decreased visceral fat (p = 0.02) and cervico‐thoracic BAT mass (p = 0.003). Additionally, training decreased very low‐density lipoprotein particle size (p = 0.04), triglycerides within chylomicrons (p = 0.04) and small high‐density lipoprotein (p = 0.04). Conclusions Although exercise training plays an important role for metabolic health, its beneficial effects on whole body metabolism through physiological adaptations seem to be independent of BAT activation in young, sedentary men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Motiani
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Teuho
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Medical Physics Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - T Saari
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - K A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland (UEF) Kuopio Finland
| | - S M Honkala
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - R J Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - L J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - O Eskola
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Andersson
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - P Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku PET Centre Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brendle C, Stefan N, Stef I, Ripkens S, Soekler M, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K, Pfannenberg C. Impact of diverse chemotherapeutic agents and external factors on activation of brown adipose tissue in a large patient collective. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1901. [PMID: 30760750 PMCID: PMC6374459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in adults is thought to prevent obesity. Therefore, regulators of BAT activity might serve as anti-obesity therapy in future, but are not investigated thoroughly up to now. In our study, we assessed retrospectively the association of BAT activity with several external factors and diverse chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents in a collective of 702 patients. The patients underwent at least two clinically indicated PET/CT examinations in the course of different oncological and inflammatory diseases. BAT activity was identified according to predefined PET/CT criteria in all examinations. In multivariate analysis, the type of disease, the disease activity and the therapeutic regimen did not influence BAT activity. In contrast, sex and age were confirmed as independent factors for BAT activity. For the association of therapeutic agents with BAT activity, we examined 53 different disease-related agents, which were applied to patients without initial BAT activity between their PET/CT examinations. Out of these, cytarabine therapy was significantly associated with increased new onset of BAT activity. Cytarabine is a therapeutic agent for lymphoma patients. Further targeted studies might investigate the usefulness of Cytarabine serving as possible therapeutic approach against obesity via BAT regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendle
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. .,Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irina Stef
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ripkens
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim HL, Park J, Jung Y, Ahn KS, Um JY. Platycodin D, a novel activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, attenuates obesity in db/db mice via regulation of adipogenesis and thermogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:254-263. [PMID: 30599906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodi Radix (root of Platycodon grandiflorum) and its active compound platycodin D (PD) has been previously shown to possess anti-obesity properties, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. PURPOSE The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-obese effect of PD and reveal its mechanism of action. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Genetically obese db/db mice were orally treated with PD for 4 weeks, and body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum parameters were measured. Then, assays on adipogenic factors, thermogenic factors, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were performed in PD-treated 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and primary cultured brown adipocytes. RESULTS PD treatment attenuated body weight gain, suppressed white adipose tissue weight and improved obesity-related serum parameters in db/db mice. Two major adipogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were decreased by PD treatment in WAT of db/db mice, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and hAMSCs. In BAT of db/db mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes, PD treatment elevated the expressions of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PCG1α), the key regulators of BAT-associated thermogenesis. In addition, PD activated AMPKα both in vivo and in vitro. However, when AMPK was inhibited by compound C, PD treatment failed to suppress adipogenic factors and increase thermogenic factors. CONCLUSIONS PD improved obesity in db/db mice by AMPK-associated decrease of adipogenic markers including PPARγ and C/EBPα. PD increased thermogenic factors such as UCP1 and PGC1α in db/db mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes. AMPK inhibition nullified the effects of PD, suggesting its anti-adipogenic and thermogenic actions were dependent on AMPK pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Frare C, Jenkins ME, Soldin SJ, Drew KL. The Raphe Pallidus and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Gate Seasonal Changes in Thermoregulation in the Hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrel ( Urocitellus parryii). Front Physiol 2018; 9:1747. [PMID: 30618783 PMCID: PMC6299024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulation is necessary to maintain energy homeostasis. The novel discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans has increased research interests in better understanding BAT thermogenesis to restore energy balance in metabolic disorders. The hibernating Arctic ground squirrel (AGS) offers a novel approach to investigate BAT thermogenesis. AGS seasonally increase their BAT mass to increase the ability to generate heat during interbout arousals. The mechanisms promoting the seasonal changes in BAT thermogenesis are not well understood. BAT thermogenesis is regulated by the raphe pallidus (rPA) and by thyroid hormones produced by the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis. Here, we investigate if the HPT axis and the rPA undergo seasonal changes to modulate BAT thermogenesis in hibernation. We used histological analysis and tandem mass spectrometry to assess activation of the HPT axis and immunohistochemistry to measure neuronal activation. We found an increase in HPT axis activation in fall and in response to pharmacologically induced torpor when adenosine A1 receptor agonist was administered in winter. By contrast, the rPA neuronal activation was lower in winter in response to pharmacologically induced torpor. Activation of the rPA was also lower in winter compared to the other seasons. Our results suggest that thermogenic capacity develops during fall as the HPT axis is activated to reach maximum capacity in winter seen by increased free thyroid hormones in response to cooling. However, thermogenesis is inhibited during torpor as sympathetic premotor neuronal activation is lower in winter, until arousal when inhibition of thermogenesis is relieved. These findings describe seasonal modulation of thermoregulation that conserves energy through attenuated sympathetic drive, but retains heat generating capacity through activation of the HPT axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States.,Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Mackenzie E Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Steven J Soldin
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States.,Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
An Y, Li Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Xu H, Wu L, Li S, Wang C, Luan W, Wang X, Liu M, Tang X, Yu L. Cordycepin reduces weight through regulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:276. [PMID: 30522511 PMCID: PMC6284310 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have shown that obesity is the key etiological agent of cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and several kinds of cancer and that gut microbiota change was one of the reasons suffering from obesity. At present, the gut microbiota has gained increased attention as a potential energy metabolism organ. Our recent study reported that cordycepin, a major bioactive component separated from Cordyceps militaris, prevented body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet directly acting to adipocytes, however, the effect of cordycepin regulating gut microbiota keeps unknown. Methods In this research, we synthesized cordycepin (3-deoxyadenosine) by chemical methods and verified that cordycepin reduces body weight gain and fat accumulation around the epididymis and the kidneys of rats fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, we used high-throughput sequencing on a MiSeq Illumina platform to test the species of intestinal bacteria in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Results We found that cordycepin modifies the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. However, cordycepin did not alter the variety of bacteria in the intestine. Cordycepin treatment dramatically reversed the relative abundance of two dominant bacterial phyla (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) in the high-fat-diet-induced obese rats, resulting in abundance similar to that of the chow diet group. Conclusion Our study suggests that cordycepin can reduce body weight and microbiome done by cordycepin seems be a result among its mechanisms of obesity reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan An
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Key Lab for New Drugs Research of TCM in Shenzhen, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Disease Control and prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyue Xu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lingyu Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Shulin Li
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wenjing Luan
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Key Lab for New Drugs Research of TCM in Shenzhen, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|