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Hussain SB, Stinziano J, Pierre MO, Vincent C. Accurate photosynthetic parameter estimation at low stomatal conductance: effects of cuticular conductance and instrumental noise. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 160:111-124. [PMID: 38700726 PMCID: PMC11108943 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of photosynthetic parameters is essential for understanding plant physiological limitations and responses to environmental factors from the leaf to the global scale. Gas exchange is a useful tool to measure responses of net CO2 assimilation (A) to internal CO2 concentration (Ci), a necessary step in estimating photosynthetic parameters including the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and the electron transport rate (Jmax). However, species and environmental conditions of low stomatal conductance (gsw) reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of gas exchange, challenging estimations of Ci. Previous works showed that not considering cuticular conductance to water (gcw) can lead to significant errors in estimating Ci, because it has a different effect on total conductance to CO2 (gtc) than does gsw. Here we present a systematic assessment of the need for incorporating gcw into Ci estimates. In this study we modeled the effect of gcw and of instrumental noise and quantified these effects on photosynthetic parameters in the cases of four species with varying gsw and gcw, measured using steady-state and constant ramping techniques, like the rapid A/Ci response method. We show that not accounting for gcw quantitatively influences Ci and the resulting Vcmax and Jmax, particularly when gcw exceeds 7% of the total conductance to water. The influence of gcw was not limited to low gsw species, highlighting the importance of species-specific knowledge before assessing A/Ci curves. Furthermore, at low gsw instrumental noise can affect Ci estimation, but the effect of instrumental noise can be minimized using constant-ramping rather than steady-state techniques. By incorporating these considerations, more precise measurements and interpretations of photosynthetic parameters can be obtained in a broader range of species and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Bilal Hussain
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joseph Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Plant Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd, Ottawa, ON, K2C 4B5, Canada
| | - Myrtho O Pierre
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
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2
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Zhou Z, Zhang Z, van der Putten PEL, Fabre D, Dingkuhn M, Struik PC, Yin X. Triose phosphate utilization in leaves is modulated by whole-plant sink-source ratios and nitrogen budgets in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6692-6707. [PMID: 37642225 PMCID: PMC10662237 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Triose phosphate utilization (TPU) is a biochemical process indicating carbon sink-source (im)balance within leaves. When TPU limits leaf photosynthesis, photorespiration-associated amino acid exports probably provide an additional carbon outlet and increase leaf CO2 uptake. However, whether TPU is modulated by whole-plant sink-source relations and nitrogen (N) budgets remains unclear. We address this question by model analyses of gas-exchange data measured on leaves at three growth stages of rice plants grown at two N levels. Sink-source ratio was manipulated by panicle pruning, by using yellower-leaf variant genotypes, and by measuring photosynthesis on adaxial and abaxial leaf sides. Across all these treatments, higher leaf N content resulted in the occurrence of TPU limitation at lower intercellular CO2 concentrations. Photorespiration-associated amino acid export was greater in high-N leaves, but was smaller in yellower-leaf genotypes, panicle-pruned plants, and for abaxial measurement. The feedback inhibition of panicle pruning on rates of TPU was not always observed, presumably because panicle pruning blocked N remobilization from leaves to grains and the increased leaf N content masked feedback inhibition. The leaf-level TPU limitation was thus modulated by whole-plant sink-source relations and N budgets during rice grain filling, suggesting a close link between within-leaf and whole-plant sink limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Zhou
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zichang Zhang
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peter E L van der Putten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Dingkuhn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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McClain AM, Sharkey TD. Rapid CO2 changes cause oscillations in photosynthesis that implicate PSI acceptor-side limitations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3163-3173. [PMID: 36883576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oscillations in CO2 assimilation rate and associated fluorescence parameters have been observed alongside the triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation of photosynthesis for nearly 50 years. However, the mechanics of these oscillations are poorly understood. Here we utilize the recently developed dynamic assimilation techniques (DATs) for measuring the rate of CO2 assimilation to increase our understanding of what physiological condition is required to cause oscillations. We found that TPU-limiting conditions alone were insufficient, and that plants must enter TPU limitation quickly to cause oscillations. We found that ramps of CO2 caused oscillations proportional in strength to the speed of the ramp, and that ramps induce oscillations with worse outcomes than oscillations induced by step change of CO2 concentration. An initial overshoot is caused by a temporary excess of available phosphate. During the overshoot, the plant outperforms steady-state TPU and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration limitations of photosynthesis, but cannot exceed the rubisco limitation. We performed additional optical measurements which support the role of PSI reduction and oscillations in availability of NADP+ and ATP in supporting oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M McClain
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
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4
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Cui M, Yang B, Ren G, Yu H, Dai Z, Li J, Ran Q, Stevanato P, Wan J, Du D. Effects of Warming, Phosphorous Deposition, and Both Treatments on the Growth and Physiology of Invasive Solidago canadensis and Native Artemisia argyi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1370. [PMID: 36987058 PMCID: PMC10051919 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and species invasion are two major threats to biodiversity, affecting the survival and distribution of many species around the world. Studying the responses of invasive species under climate change can help better understand the ecological and genetic mechanisms of their invasion. However, the effects of warming and phosphorus deposition on the phenotype of native and invasive plants are unknown. To address the problem, we applied warming (+2.03 °C), phosphorus deposition (4 g m-2 yr-1 NaH2PO4), and warming × phosphorus deposition to Solidago canadensis and Artemisia argyi to measure the direct effects of environmental changes on growth and physiology at the seedling stage. Our results reveal that the physiology parameters of A. argyi and S. canadensis did not change significantly with the external environment. Under phosphorus deposition, S. canadensis had higher plant height, root length, and total biomass compared to A. argyi. Interestingly, warming has an inhibitory effect on the growth of both A. argyi and S. canadensis, but overall, the reduction in total biomass for S. canadensis (78%) is significantly higher than A. argyi (52%). When the two plants are treated with warming combined with phosphorus deposition, the advantage gained by S. canadensis from phosphorus deposition is offset by the negative effects of warming. Therefore, under elevated phosphorus, warming has a negative effect on the invasive S. canadensis and reduces its growth advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guangqian Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiong Ran
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Justin Wan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Baan J, Holloway-Phillips M, Nelson DB, Kahmen A. The metabolic sensitivity of hydrogen isotope fractionation differs between plant compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 207:113563. [PMID: 36528118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen stable isotope analyses (δ2H) of plant derived organic compounds are a useful tool for ecological, environmental, and palaeoclimatological research. However, during organic compound synthesis, variable biosynthetic 2H-fractionation has been suggested to occur as a result of changes in plant carbon fluxes. So far, inference has been based on examining the δ2H patterns of plant compounds along environmental gradients, among plant species, and between plant organs. In an alternative approach, we used four plant species with four different types of mutations that cause impaired starch synthesis to assess whether variability in carbon metabolism affects the biosynthetic 2H-fractionation during cellulose, phytol, and acetogenic lipid synthesis. We found that mutants with impaired starch synthesis always had higher cellulose and phytol δ2H values compared to the wild type. By contrast, 2H-fractionation during acetogenic lipid biosynthesis generally did not show strong metabolic sensitivity. We rationalise these differences by considering the biosynthetic pathway of each compound and the likely source of the variable isotope fractionation. In different organic compounds, the sensitivity of variable biosynthetic 2H-fractionation to changes in C-metabolism depends on incorporation of specific H atoms from precursor molecules. As such, we determined that the similar increase in cellulose and phytol δ2H values as an effect of impaired starch synthesis most likely originates in triose-phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Baan
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Meisha Holloway-Phillips
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Song Y, Jin G. Do Tree Size and Tree Shade Tolerance Affect the Photosynthetic Capacity of Broad-Leaved Tree Species? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:523. [PMID: 36771608 PMCID: PMC9921863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: leaf structure traits are closely related to leaf photosynthesis, reflecting the ability of trees to obtain external resources in the process of growth. (2) Methods: We studied the morphological, chemical, anatomical, stomatal traits and maximum net photosynthetic rate of six broad-leaf species in northern temperate mixed broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest. (3) Aim: To investigate whether there are differences in leaf structural traits of trees with different shade tolerances and different sizes and the effects of these differences on leaf photosynthetic capacity. (4) Results: the effects of leaf structure traits on leaf photosynthesis were different among trees with different shade tolerances or different sizes. Under the condition of light saturation, the net photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus use efficiency and stomatal conductance of shade-intolerant trees or small trees were higher than those of shade-tolerant trees or large trees. (5) Conclusions: the shade tolerance of tree species or the size of trees affect the traits of leaf structure and indirectly affect the photosynthetic ability of plants. When constructing the leaf trait-photosynthesis model, the shade tolerance and tree size of tree species should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Song
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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7
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Mariotti B, Martini S, Raddi S, Ugolini F, Oliet JA, Jacobs DF, Maltoni A. Cultivation Using Coir Substrate and P or K Enriched Fertilizer Provides Higher Resistance to Drought in Ecologically Diverse Quercus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:525. [PMID: 36771610 PMCID: PMC9920752 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nursery cultivation practices can be modified to increase resistance to water stress in forest seedlings following field establishment, which may be increasingly important under climate change. We evaluated the morphological (survival, growth) and physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential) responses to water stress for three ecologically diverse Quercus species (Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex) with varying traits resulting from the combination of growing media (peat, coir) and fertilization (standard, P-enriched, K-enriched). For all species under water stress, seedlings grown in coir had generally higher growth than those grown in peat. Seedlings fertilized with P performed better, particularly for survival; conversely, K fertilization resulted in inconsistent findings. Such results could be explained by a combination of factors. P fertilization resulted in higher P accumulation in seedlings, while no K accumulation was observed in K fertilized seedlings. As expected, the more drought-sensitive species, Q. robur, showed the worst response, while Q. pubescens had a drought resistance equal or better to Q. ilex despite being classified as intermediate in drought resistance in Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sofia Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sabrina Raddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Ugolini
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Juan A. Oliet
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglass F. Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alberto Maltoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali—DAGRI, Università di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
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8
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McClain AM, Cruz JA, Kramer DM, Sharkey TD. The time course of acclimation to the stress of triose phosphate use limitation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:64-75. [PMID: 36305484 PMCID: PMC10100259 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triose phosphate utilisation (TPU) limits the maximum rate at which plants can photosynthesise. However, TPU is almost never found to be limiting photosynthesis under ambient conditions for plants. This, along with previous results showing adaptability of TPU at low temperature, suggest that TPU capacity is regulated to be just above the photosynthetic rate achievable under the prevailing conditions. A set of experiments were performed to study the adaptability of TPU capacity when plants are acclimated to elevated CO2 concentrations. Plants held at 1500 ppm CO2 were initially TPU limited. After 30 h they no longer exhibited TPU limitations but they did not elevate their TPU capacity. Instead, the maximum rates of carboxylation and electron transport declined. A timecourse of regulatory responses was established. A step increase of CO2 first caused PSI to be oxidised but after 40 s both PSI and PSII had excess electrons as a result of acceptor-side limitations. Electron flow to PSI slowed and the proton motive force increased. Eventually, non-photochemical quenching reduced electron flow sufficiently to balance the TPU limitation. Over several minutes rubisco deactivated contributing to regulation of metabolism to overcome the TPU limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. McClain
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and SustainabilityMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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9
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Ellsworth DS, Crous KY, De Kauwe MG, Verryckt LT, Goll D, Zaehle S, Bloomfield KJ, Ciais P, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Dusenge ME, Garcia S, Guerrieri R, Ishida FY, Janssens IA, Kenzo T, Ichie T, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Norby RJ, Reich PB, Rowland L, Santiago LS, Sun Y, Uddling J, Walker AP, Weerasinghe KWLK, van de Weg MJ, Zhang YB, Zhang JL, Wright IJ. Convergence in phosphorus constraints to photosynthesis in forests around the world. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5005. [PMID: 36008385 PMCID: PMC9411118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests take up more carbon (C) from the atmosphere per annum by photosynthesis than any other type of vegetation. Phosphorus (P) limitations to C uptake are paramount for tropical and subtropical forests around the globe. Yet the generality of photosynthesis-P relationships underlying these limitations are in question, and hence are not represented well in terrestrial biosphere models. Here we demonstrate the dependence of photosynthesis and underlying processes on both leaf N and P concentrations. The regulation of photosynthetic capacity by P was similar across four continents. Implementing P constraints in the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, gross photosynthesis was reduced by 36% across the tropics and subtropics relative to traditional N constraints and unlimiting leaf P. Our results provide a quantitative relationship for the P dependence for photosynthesis for the front-end of global terrestrial C models that is consistent with canopy leaf measurements. Phosphorus (P) limitation is pervasive in tropical forests. Here the authors analyse the dependence of photosynthesis on leaf N and P in tropical forests, and show that incorporating leaf P constraints in a terrestrial biosphere model enhances its predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Geosciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, US
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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10
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Contribution of Incorporating the Phosphorus Cycle into TRIPLEX-CNP to Improve the Quantification of Land Carbon Cycle. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a key and a limiting nutrient in ecosystems and plays an important role in many physiological and biochemical processes, affecting both terrestrial ecosystem productivity and soil carbon storage. However, only a few global land surface models have incorporated P cycle and used to investigate the interactions of C-N-P and its limitation on terrestrial ecosystems. The overall objective of this study was to integrate the P cycle and its interaction with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) into new processes model of TRIPLEX-CNP. In this study, key processes of the P cycle, including P pool sizes and fluxes in plant, litter, and soil were integrated into a new model framework, TRIPLEX-CNP. We also added dynamic P:C ratios for different ecosystems. Based on sensitivity analysis results, we identified the phosphorus resorption coefficient of leaf (rpleaf) as the most influential parameter to gross primary productivity (GPP) and biomass, and determined optimal coefficients for different plant functional types (PFTs). TRIPLEX-CNP was calibrated with 49 sites and validated against 116 sites across eight biomes globally. The results suggested that TRIPLEX-CNP performed well on simulating the global GPP and soil organic carbon (SOC) with respective R2 values of 0.85 and 0.78 (both p < 0.01) between simulated and observed values. The R2 of simulation and observation of total biomass are 0.67 (p < 0.01) by TRIPLEX-CNP. The overall model performance had been improved in global GPP, total biomass and SOC after adding the P cycle comparing with the earlier version. Our work represents the promising step toward new coupled ecosystem process models for improving the quantifications of land carbon cycle and reducing uncertainty.
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11
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Han Y, White PJ, Cheng L. Mechanisms for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:247-258. [PMID: 34864840 PMCID: PMC8835619 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitation of plant productivity by phosphorus (P) supply is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Relatively large amounts of P fertilizer are applied to sustain crop growth and development and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing P application, plant P efficiency generally declines, which results in greater losses of P to the environment with detrimental consequences for ecosystems. SCOPE A strategy for reducing P input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that take up P effectively from the soil (P acquisition efficiency) or promote productivity per unit of P taken up (P utilization efficiency). In this review, we describe current research on P metabolism and transport and its relevance for improving P utilization efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced P utilization efficiency can be achieved by optimal partitioning of cellular P and distributing P effectively between tissues, allowing maximum growth and biomass of harvestable plant parts. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved could help design and breed crops with greater P utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Philip J White
- Department of Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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12
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Li W, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhang P, Ward ND, Norwood M, Myers-Pigg A, Zhao C, Leff R, Yabusaki S, Waichler S, Bailey VL, McDowell NG. Changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism during seawater-induced mortality of Picea sitchensis trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2326-2340. [PMID: 34014270 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seawater exposure is causing mortality of coastal forests, yet the physiological response associated with seawater-induced tree mortality, particularly in non-halophytes, is poorly understood. We investigated the shifts in carbon and nitrogen (N) metabolism of mature Sitka-spruce trees that were dying after an ecosystem-scale manipulation of tidal seawater exposure. Soil porewater salinity and foliar ion concentrations increased after seawater exposure and were strongly correlated with the percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC; e.g., crown 'greenness', a measure of progression to death). Co-occurring with decreasing PLFC was decreasing photosynthetic capacity, N-investment into photosynthesis, N-resorption efficiency and non-structural carbohydrate (soluble sugars and starch) concentrations, with the starch reserves depleted to near zero when PLFC dropped below 5%. Combined with declining PLFC, these changes subsequently decreased total carbon gain and thus exacerbated the carbon starvation process. This study suggests that an impairment in carbon and N metabolism during the mortality process after seawater exposure is associated with the process of carbon starvation, and provides critical knowledge necessary to predict sea-level rise impacts on coastal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Matt Norwood
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Allison Myers-Pigg
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Steve Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
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13
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Changes in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect the correlation between N, P and K but not the coupling of water-element in Haloxylon ammodendron. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258927. [PMID: 34679096 PMCID: PMC8535465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global changes in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect the geochemical cycle of the element and its hydrological cycle in the ecosystem. It may also affect the relationship between plant water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrients, as well as the relationship between plant nutrients. Desert ecosystems are vulnerable to global changes. Haloxylon ammodendron is the dominant species in the Asian desert. Revealing the variations in these relationships in H. ammodendron with precipitation and N deposition will enhance our understanding of the responses of plants to global change in terms of trade-off strategies of nutrient absorption, water and element geochemical cycles in desert ecosystems. Thus, we conducted field experiments with different amounts of water and N. This study showed that WUE of H. ammodendron was not correlated with nitrogen content (N), phosphorus content (P), and potassium content (K) when water and N supply were varied (p > 0.05 for WUE vs. N, P, and K), suggesting lack of coupling between water use and nutrient economics. This result was associated with the lack of correlation between plant nutrients and gas exchang in H. ammodendron. However, water addition, N addition and the interaction between both of them all played a role in the correlation between plant N, P and K owing to their different responses to water and N supplies. This indicates that global changes in precipitation and N deposition will affect N, P and K geochemical cycles in the Asian deserts dominated by H. ammodendron, and drive changes in the relationships between plant nutrients, resulting in changes in the trade-off strategy of plant absorption of N, P, and K.
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14
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Yin X, Busch FA, Struik PC, Sharkey TD. Evolution of a biochemical model of steady-state photosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2811-2837. [PMID: 33872407 PMCID: PMC8453732 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the publication of the landmark model by Farquhar, von Caemmerer & Berry on steady-state C3 photosynthesis (known as the "FvCB model"), we review three major further developments of the model. These include: (1) limitation by triose phosphate utilization, (2) alternative electron transport pathways, and (3) photorespiration-associated nitrogen and C1 metabolisms. We discussed the relation of the third extension with the two other extensions, and some equivalent extensions to model C4 photosynthesis. In addition, the FvCB model has been coupled with CO2 -diffusion models. We review how these extensions and integration have broadened the use of the FvCB model in understanding photosynthesis, especially with regard to bioenergetic stoichiometries associated with photosynthetic quantum yields. Based on the new insights, we present caveats in applying the FvCB model. Further research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Florian A. Busch
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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15
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Guilherme Pereira C, Hayes PE, Clode PL, Lambers H. Phosphorus toxicity, not deficiency, explains the calcifuge habit of phosphorus-efficient Proteaceae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1724-1738. [PMID: 33665808 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The calcifuge habit of plants is commonly explained in terms of high soil pH and its effects on nutrient availability, particularly that of phosphorus (P). However, most Proteaceae that occur on nutrient-impoverished soils in south-western Australia are calcifuge, despite their ability to produce cluster-roots, which effectively mobilize soil P and micronutrients. We hypothesize that the mechanism explaining the calcifuge habit in Proteaceae is their sensitivity to P and calcium (Ca), and that soil-indifferent species are less sensitive to the interaction of these nutrients. In this study, we analyzed growth, gas-exchange rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence of two soil-indifferent and four calcifuge Hakea and Banksia (Proteaceae) species from south-western Australia, across a range of P and Ca concentrations in hydroponic solution. We observed Ca-enhanced P toxicity in all analyzed species, but to different extents depending on distribution type and genus. Increasing P supply enhanced plant growth, leaf biomass, and photosynthetic rates of soil-indifferent species in a pattern largely independent of Ca supply. In contrast, positive physiological responses to increasing [P] in calcifuges were either absent or limited to low Ca supply, indicating that calcifuges were far more sensitive to Ca-enhanced P toxicity. In calcifuge Hakeas, we attributed this to higher leaf [P], and in calcifuge Banksias to lower leaf zinc concentration. These differences help to explain these species' contrasting sensitivity to Ca-enhanced P toxicity and account for the exclusion of most Proteaceae from calcareous habitats. We surmise that Ca-enhanced P toxicity is a major factor explaining the calcifuge habit of Proteaceae, and, possibly, other P-sensitive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Guilherme Pereira
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick E Hayes
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Peng Y, Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Colin Prentice I. Global climate and nutrient controls of photosynthetic capacity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:462. [PMID: 33846550 PMCID: PMC8042000 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is huge uncertainty about how global exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere and land will respond to continuing environmental change. A better representation of photosynthetic capacity is required for Earth System models to simulate carbon assimilation reliably. Here we use a global leaf-trait dataset to test whether photosynthetic capacity is quantitatively predictable from climate, based on optimality principles; and to explore how this prediction is modified by soil properties, including indices of nitrogen and phosphorus availability, measured in situ. The maximum rate of carboxylation standardized to 25 °C (Vcmax25) was found to be proportional to growing-season irradiance, and to increase-as predicted-towards both colder and drier climates. Individual species' departures from predicted Vcmax25 covaried with area-based leaf nitrogen (Narea) but community-mean Vcmax25 was unrelated to Narea, which in turn was unrelated to the soil C:N ratio. In contrast, leaves with low area-based phosphorus (Parea) had low Vcmax25 (both between and within communities), and Parea increased with total soil P. These findings do not support the assumption, adopted in some ecosystem and Earth System models, that leaf-level photosynthetic capacity depends on soil N supply. They do, however, support a previously-noted relationship between photosynthesis and soil P supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Peng
- Masters Programme in Ecosystems and Environmental Change, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- FFCLRP, Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Rogers A, Kumarathunge DP, Lombardozzi DL, Medlyn BE, Serbin SP, Walker AP. Triose phosphate utilization limitation: an unnecessary complexity in terrestrial biosphere model representation of photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:17-22. [PMID: 33217768 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Dushan P Kumarathunge
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, 61150, Sri Lanka
| | - Danica L Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80307-3000, USA
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1791, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
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18
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Walker AP, Johnson AL, Rogers A, Anderson J, Bridges RA, Fisher RA, Lu D, Ricciuto DM, Serbin SP, Ye M. Multi-hypothesis comparison of Farquhar and Collatz photosynthesis models reveals the unexpected influence of empirical assumptions at leaf and global scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:804-822. [PMID: 33037690 PMCID: PMC7894311 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic photosynthesis models are at the heart of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) simulating the daily, monthly, annual and decadal rhythms of carbon assimilation (A). These models are founded on robust mathematical hypotheses that describe how A responds to changes in light and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Two predominant photosynthesis models are in common usage: Farquhar (FvCB) and Collatz (CBGB). However, a detailed quantitative comparison of these two models has never been undertaken. In this study, we unify the FvCB and CBGB models to a common parameter set and use novel multi-hypothesis methods (that account for both hypothesis and parameter variability) for process-level sensitivity analysis. These models represent three key biological processes: carboxylation, electron transport, triose phosphate use (TPU) and an additional model process: limiting-rate selection. Each of the four processes comprises 1-3 alternative hypotheses giving 12 possible individual models with a total of 14 parameters. To broaden inference, TBM simulations were run and novel, high-resolution photosynthesis measurements were made. We show that parameters associated with carboxylation are the most influential parameters but also reveal the surprising and marked dominance of the limiting-rate selection process (accounting for 57% of the variation in A vs. 22% for carboxylation). The limiting-rate selection assumption proposed by CBGB smooths the transition between limiting rates and always reduces A below the minimum of all potentially limiting rates, by up to 25%, effectively imposing a fourth limitation on A. Evaluation of the CBGB smoothing function in three TBMs demonstrated a reduction in global A by 4%-10%, equivalent to 50%-160% of current annual fossil fuel emissions. This analysis reveals a surprising and previously unquantified influence of a process that has been integral to many TBMs for decades, highlighting the value of multi-hypothesis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Abbey L. Johnson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental & Climates Sciences DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jeremiah Anderson
- Environmental & Climates Sciences DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Robert A. Bridges
- Cyber & Applied Data Analytics DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Rosie A. Fisher
- National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
- Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS)ToulouseFrance
| | - Dan Lu
- Computational Sciences & Engineering DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Daniel M. Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Shawn P. Serbin
- Environmental & Climates Sciences DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
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19
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Lu Z, Ren T, Li J, Hu W, Zhang J, Yan J, Li X, Cong R, Guo S, Lu J. Nutrition-mediated cell and tissue-level anatomy triggers the covariation of leaf photosynthesis and leaf mass per area. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6524-6537. [PMID: 32725164 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants in nutrient-poor habitats converge towards lower rates of leaf net CO2 assimilation (Aarea); however, they display variability in leaf mass investment per area (LMA). How a plant optimizes its leaf internal carbon investment may have knock-on effects on structural traits and, in turn, affect leaf carbon fixation. Quantitative models were applied to evaluate the structural causes of variations in LMA and their relevance to Aarea in rapeseed (Brassica napus) based on their responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) deficiencies. Leaf carbon fixation decreased in response to nutrient deficiency, but the photosynthetic limitations varied greatly depending on the deficient nutrient. In comparison with Aarea, the LMA exhibited diverse responses, being increased under P or B deficiency, decreased under K deficiency, and unaffected under N deficiency. These variations were due to changes in cell- and tissue-level carbon investments between cell dry mass density (N or K deficiency) and cellular anatomy, including cell dimension and number (P deficiency), or both (B deficiency). However, there was a conserved pattern independent of nutrient-specific limitations-low nutrient availability reduced leaf carbon fixation but increased carbon investment in non-photosynthetic structures, resulting in larger but fewer mesophyll cells with a thicker cell wall but a lower chloroplast surface area appressed to the intercellular airspace, which reduced the mesophyll conductance and feedback-limited Aarea. Our results provide insight into the importance of mineral nutrients in balancing the leaf carbon economy by coordinating leaf carbon assimilation and internal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshi Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyao Yan
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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20
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Jiang M, Caldararu S, Zhang H, Fleischer K, Crous KY, Yang J, De Kauwe MG, Ellsworth DS, Reich PB, Tissue DT, Zaehle S, Medlyn BE. Low phosphorus supply constrains plant responses to elevated CO 2 : A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5856-5873. [PMID: 32654340 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macro-nutrient required for plant metabolism and growth. Low P availability could potentially limit plant responses to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), but consensus has yet to be reached on the extent of this limitation. Here, based on data from experiments that manipulated both CO2 and P for young individuals of woody and non-woody species, we present a meta-analysis of P limitation impacts on plant growth, physiological, and morphological response to eCO2 . We show that low P availability attenuated plant photosynthetic response to eCO2 by approximately one-quarter, leading to a reduced, but still positive photosynthetic response to eCO2 compared to those under high P availability. Furthermore, low P limited plant aboveground, belowground, and total biomass responses to eCO2 , by 14.7%, 14.3%, and 12.4%, respectively, equivalent to an approximate halving of the eCO2 responses observed under high P availability. In comparison, low P availability did not significantly alter the eCO2 -induced changes in plant tissue nutrient concentration, suggesting tissue nutrient flexibility is an important mechanism allowing biomass response to eCO2 under low P availability. Low P significantly reduced the eCO2 -induced increase in leaf area by 14.3%, mirroring the aboveground biomass response, but low P did not affect the eCO2 -induced increase in root length. Woody plants exhibited stronger attenuation effect of low P on aboveground biomass response to eCO2 than non-woody plants, while plants with different mycorrhizal associations showed similar responses to low P and eCO2 interaction. This meta-analysis highlights crucial data gaps in capturing plant responses to eCO2 and low P availability. Field-based experiments with longer-term exposure of both CO2 and P manipulations are critically needed to provide ecosystem-scale understanding. Taken together, our results provide a quantitative baseline to constrain model-based hypotheses of plant responses to eCO2 under P limitation, thereby improving projections of future global change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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21
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Han T, Zhu G, Ma J, Wang S, Zhang K, Liu X, Ma T, Shang S, Huang C. Sensitivity analysis and estimation using a hierarchical Bayesian method for the parameters of the FvCB biochemical photosynthetic model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:45-66. [PMID: 31659624 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a major process included in land surface models. Accurately estimating the parameters of the photosynthetic sub-models can greatly improve the ability of these models to accurately simulate the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to fit the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model, which is based on the biochemistry of photosynthesis using 236 curves for the relationship between net CO2 assimilation and changes in the intercellular CO2 concentration. An advantage of the hierarchical Bayesian algorithm is that parameters can be estimated at multiple levels (plant, species, plant functional type, and population level) simultaneously. The parameters of the hierarchical strategy were based on the results of a sensitivity analysis. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Kc25), enthalpies of activation (EJ and EV), and two optical parameters (θ and α) demonstrated considerable variation at different levels, which suggests that this variation cannot be ignored. The maximum electron transport rate (Jmax25), maximum rate of Rubisco activity (Vcmax25), and dark respiration in the light (Rd25) were higher for broad-leaved plants than for needle-leaved plants. Comparison of the model's simulated outputs with observed data showed strong and significant positive correlations, particularly when the model was parameterized at the plant level. In summary, our study is the first effort to combine sensitivity analysis and hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation. The resulting realistic parameter distributions for the four levels provide a reference for current and future land surface models. Furthermore, the observed variation in the parameters will require attention when using photosynthetic parameters in future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Han
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shasha Shang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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22
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Kumarathunge DP, Medlyn BE, Drake JE, Rogers A, Tjoelker MG. No evidence for triose phosphate limitation of light-saturated leaf photosynthesis under current atmospheric CO 2 concentration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3241-3252. [PMID: 31378950 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The triose phosphate utilization (TPU) rate has been identified as one of the processes that can limit terrestrial plant photosynthesis. However, we lack a robust quantitative assessment of TPU limitation of photosynthesis at the global scale. As a result, TPU, and its potential limitation of photosynthesis, is poorly represented in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). In this study, we utilized a global data set of photosynthetic CO2 response curves representing 141 species from tropical rainforests to Arctic tundra. We quantified TPU by fitting the standard biochemical model of C3 photosynthesis to measured photosynthetic CO2 response curves and characterized its instantaneous temperature response. Our results demonstrate that TPU does not limit leaf photosynthesis at the current ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration. Furthermore, our results showed that the light-saturated photosynthetic rates of plants growing in cold environments are not more often limited by TPU than those of plants growing in warmer environments. In addition, our study showed that the instantaneous temperature response of TPU is distinct from temperature response of the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation. The new formulations of the temperature response of TPU derived in this study may prove useful in quantifying the biochemical limits to terrestrial plant photosynthesis and improve the representation of plant photosynthesis in TBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan P Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, 61150, Sri Lanka
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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23
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Ye ZP, Liu YG, Kang HJ, Duan HL, Chen XM, Zhou SX. Comparing two measures of leaf photorespiration rate across a wide range of light intensities. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:153002. [PMID: 31254740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of photorespiration by low O2 concentrations (Method 1) and simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (Method 2) are often used to estimate leaf photorespiration rate (Rp) of C3 plants. However, it is largely unknown whether Method 1 and Method 2 can be used equivalently in estimating Rp. Using a field experiment on two wheat cultivars (T. aestivum JM22 and T. aestivum Z39-118) whose leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence at low and normal O2 concentrations (2% versus 21% O2) were simultaneously measured across a wide range of light intensities (I), this study assessed the impacts of the two measures on Rp and its response under changing irradiance conditions. All the above quantities increased with the increasing I until reaching the cultivar-specific maximum values and the corresponding saturation light intensities. However, there were significant differences between Rp estimated by Method 1 and Method 2 at the I range from 150 to 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 for T. aestivum JM22 and from 150 to 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 for T. aestivum Z39-118. These findings demonstrated that the two methods cannot be used equivalently under changing irradiance conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu-Guo Liu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hua-Jing Kang
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Lang Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Xian-Mao Chen
- Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke's Bay 4130, New Zealand.
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24
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Ubierna N, Cernusak LA, Holloway-Phillips M, Busch FA, Cousins AB, Farquhar GD. Critical review: incorporating the arrangement of mitochondria and chloroplasts into models of photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:5-31. [PMID: 30955143 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of mitochondria and chloroplasts, together with the relative resistances of cell wall and chloroplast, determine the path of diffusion out of the leaf for (photo)respired CO2. Traditional photosynthesis models have assumed a tight arrangement of chloroplasts packed together against the cell wall with mitochondria located behind the chloroplasts, deep inside the cytosol. Accordingly, all (photo)respired CO2 must cross the chloroplast before diffusing out of the leaf. Different arrangements have recently been considered, where all or part of the (photo)respired CO2 diffuses through the cytosol without ever entering the chloroplast. Assumptions about the path for the (photo)respiratory flux are particularly relevant for the calculation of mesophyll conductance (gm). If (photo)respired CO2 can diffuse elsewhere besides the chloroplast, apparent gm is no longer a mere physical resistance but a flux-weighted variable sensitive to the ratio of (photo)respiration to net CO2 assimilation. We discuss existing photosynthesis models in conjunction with their treatment of the (photo)respiratory flux and present new equations applicable to the generalized case where (photo)respired CO2 can diffuse both into the chloroplast and through the cytosol. Additionally, we present a new generalized Δ13C model that incorporates this dual diffusion pathway. We assess how assumptions about the fate of (photo)respired CO2 affect the interpretation of photosynthetic data and the challenges it poses for the application of different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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25
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Scheerer U, Netzer F, Bauer AF, Herschbach C. Measurements of 18 O-P i uptake indicate fast metabolism of phosphate in tree roots. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:565-570. [PMID: 30311347 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) nutrition of beech ecosystems depends on soil processes, plant internal P cycling and P acquisition. P uptake of trees in the field is currently not validated due to the lack of an experimental approach applicable in natural forests. Application of radiolabelled tracers such as 33 P and 32 P is limited to special research sites and not allowed in natural environments. Moreover, only one stable isotope of P, namely 31 P, exists. One alternative tool to measure P acquisition in the field could be the use of 18 O-labelled 31 P-phosphate (31 P18 O4 3- ). Phosphate (Pi ) uptake rates calculated from the 18 O enrichment of dried root material after application of 31 Pi 18 O4 3- via nutrient solution was always lower compared to 33 P incorporation, did not show increasing rates of Pi uptake at P deficiency under controlled conditions, and did not reveal seasonal fluctuations in the field. Consequently, a clear correlation between 33 P-based and 18 O-based Pi uptake by roots could not be established. Comparison of Pi uptake rates achieved from 33 P-Pi and 18 O-Pi application led to the conclusion of high Pi metabolism in roots after Pi uptake. The replacement of 18 O by 16 O from water in 18 O-Pi during root influx, but most probably after Pi uptake into roots, due to metabolic activities, indicates high and fast turnover of Pi . Hence, the use of 18 O-Pi as an alternative tool to estimate Pi acquisition of trees in the field must consider the increase of 18 O abundance in root water that was disregarded in dried root material.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Scheerer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A F Bauer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Jiang M, Caldararu S, Zaehle S, Ellsworth DS, Medlyn BE. Towards a more physiological representation of vegetation phosphorus processes in land surface models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1223-1229. [PMID: 30659603 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1223 I. Introduction 1223 II. Photosynthesis and respiration 1224 III. Biomass growth 1224 IV. Carbon allocation 1225 V. Plant internal P redistribution 1226 VI. Plant P uptake 1227 VII. Conclusion 1227 Acknowledgements 1228 References 1228 SUMMARY: Our ability to understand the effect of nutrient limitation on ecosystem productivity is key to the prediction of future terrestrial carbon storage. Significant progress has been made to include phosphorus (P) cycle processes in land surface models (LSMs), but these efforts are focused on the soil component of the P cycle. Incorporating the soil component is important to estimate plant-available P, but does not necessarily address the vegetation response to P limitation or plant-soil interactions. A more detailed representation of plant P processes is needed to link nutrient availability and ecosystem productivity. We review physiological and biochemical evidence for vegetation responses to P availability, and recommend ways to move towards a more physiological representation of vegetation P processes in LSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Silvia Caldararu
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 60 01 64, 07701, Jena, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 60 01 64, 07701, Jena, Germany
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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27
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Wujeska-Klause A, Crous KY, Ghannoum O, Ellsworth DS. Lower photorespiration in elevated CO 2 reduces leaf N concentrations in mature Eucalyptus trees in the field. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1282-1295. [PMID: 30788883 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations is expected to stimulate photosynthesis and carbohydrate production, while inhibiting photorespiration. By contrast, nitrogen (N) concentrations in leaves generally tend to decline under elevated CO2 (eCO2 ), which may reduce the magnitude of photosynthetic enhancement. We tested two hypotheses as to why leaf N is reduced under eCO2 : (a) A "dilution effect" caused by increased concentration of leaf carbohydrates; and (b) inhibited nitrate assimilation caused by reduced supply of reductant from photorespiration under eCO2 . This second hypothesis is fully tested in the field for the first time here, using tall trees of a mature Eucalyptus forest exposed to Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (EucFACE) for five years. Fully expanded young and mature leaves were both measured for net photosynthesis, photorespiration, total leaf N, nitrate ( N O 3 - ) concentrations, carbohydrates and N O 3 - reductase activity to test these hypotheses. Foliar N concentrations declined by 8% under eCO2 in new leaves, while the N O 3 - fraction and total carbohydrate concentrations remained unchanged by CO2 treatment for either new or mature leaves. Photorespiration decreased 31% under eCO2 supplying less reductant, and in situ N O 3 - reductase activity was concurrently reduced (-34%) in eCO2 , especially in new leaves during summer periods. Hence, N O 3 - assimilation was inhibited in leaves of E. tereticornis and the evidence did not support a significant dilution effect as a contributor to the observed reductions in leaf N concentration. This finding suggests that the reduction of N O 3 - reductase activity due to lower photorespiration in eCO2 can contribute to understanding how eCO2 -induced photosynthetic enhancement may be lower than previously expected. We suggest that large-scale vegetation models simulating effects of eCO2 on N biogeochemistry include both mechanisms, especially where N O 3 - is major N source to the dominant vegetation and where leaf flushing and emergence occur in temperatures that promote high photorespiration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wujeska-Klause
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Photosynthesis Centre of Excellence, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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McClain AM, Sharkey TD. Triose phosphate utilization and beyond: from photosynthesis to end product synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1755-1766. [PMID: 30868155 PMCID: PMC6939825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, plants fix CO2 from the atmosphere onto ribulose-bisphosphate, producing 3-phosphoglycerate, which is reduced to triose phosphates (TPs). The TPs are then converted into the end products of photosynthesis. When a plant is photosynthesizing very quickly, it may not be possible to commit photosynthate to end products as fast as it is produced, causing a decrease in available phosphate and limiting the rate of photosynthesis to the rate of triose phosphate utilization (TPU). The occurrence of an observable TPU limitation is highly variable based on species and especially growth conditions, with TPU capacity seemingly regulated to be in slight excess of typical photosynthetic rates the plant might experience. The physiological effects of TPU limitation are discussed with an emphasis on interactions between the Calvin-Benson cycle and the light reactions. Methods for detecting TPU-limited data from gas exchange data are detailed and the impact on modeling of some physiological effects are shown. Special consideration is given to common misconceptions about TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M McClain
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability Program, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability Program, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, USA
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29
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Mo Q, Li Z, Sayer EJ, Lambers H, Li Y, Zou B, Tang J, Heskel M, Ding Y, Wang F. Foliar phosphorus fractions reveal how tropical plants maintain photosynthetic rates despite low soil phosphorus availability. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Mo
- South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Maoming China
| | - Zhi’an Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Maoming China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Emma J. Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Center Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Ancon Panama
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) Western Australia Australia
| | - Yingwen Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Maoming China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Bi Zou
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Maoming China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Mary Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts
- Department of Biology Macalester College Saint Paul Minnesota
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro‐Environmental Protection Institute Tianjin China
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Maoming China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts
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30
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Li W, Hartmann H, Adams HD, Zhang H, Jin C, Zhao C, Guan D, Wang A, Yuan F, Wu J. The sweet side of global change-dynamic responses of non-structural carbohydrates to drought, elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization in tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1706-1723. [PMID: 29897549 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) play a central role in plant functioning as energy carriers and building blocks for primary and secondary metabolism. Many studies have investigated how environmental and anthropogenic changes, like increasingly frequent and severe drought episodes, elevated CO2 and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, influence NSC concentrations in individual trees. However, this wealth of data has not been analyzed yet to identify general trends using a common statistical framework. A thorough understanding of tree responses to global change is required for making realistic predictions of vegetation dynamics. Here we compiled data from 57 experimental studies on 71 tree species and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate general responses of stored soluble sugars, starch and total NSC (soluble sugars + starch) concentrations in different tree organs (foliage, above-ground wood and roots) to drought, elevated CO2 and N deposition. We found that drought significantly decreased total NSC in roots (-17.3%), but not in foliage and above-ground woody tissues (bole, branch, stem and/or twig). Elevated CO2 significantly increased total NSC in foliage (+26.2%) and roots (+12.8%), but not in above-ground wood. By contrast, total NSC significantly decreased in roots (-17.9%), increased in above-ground wood (+6.1%), but was unaffected in foliage from N fertilization. In addition, the response of NSC to three global change drivers was strongly affected by tree taxonomic type, leaf habit, tree age and treatment intensity. Our results pave the way for a better understanding of general tree function responses to drought, elevated CO2 and N fertilization. The existing data also reveal that more long-term studies on mature trees that allow testing interactions between these factors are urgently needed to provide a basis for forecasting tree responses to environmental change at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, Jena, Germany
| | - Henry D Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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31
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Bahar NHA, Gauthier PPG, O Sullivan OS, Brereton T, Evans JR, Atkin OK. Phosphorus deficiency alters scaling relationships between leaf gas exchange and associated traits in a wide range of contrasting Eucalyptus species. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:813-826. [PMID: 32291064 DOI: 10.1071/fp17134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation is known to have substantial impacts on leaf metabolism. However, uncertainty remains around whether P deficiency alters scaling functions linking leaf metabolism to associated traits. We investigated the effect of P deficiency on leaf gas exchange and related leaf traits in 17 contrasting Eucalyptus species that exhibit inherent differences in leaf traits. Saplings were grown under controlled-environment conditions in a glasshouse, where they were subjected to minus and plus P treatments for 15 weeks. P deficiency decreased P concentrations and increased leaf mass per area (LMA) of newly-developed leaves. Rates of photosynthesis (A) and respiration (R) were also reduced in P-deficient plants compared with P-fertilised plants. By contrast, P deficiency had little effect on the temperature sensitivity of R. Irrespective of P treatment, on a log-log basis A and R scaled positively with increasing leaf nitrogen concentration [N] and negatively with increasing LMA. Although P deficiency had limited impact on A-R-LMA relationships, rates of CO2 exchange per unit N were consistently lower in P-deficient plants. Our results highlight the importance of P supply for leaf carbon metabolism and show how P deficiencies (i.e. when excluding confounding genotypic and environmental effects) can have a direct effect on commonly used leaf trait scaling relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur H A Bahar
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Paul P G Gauthier
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Odhran S O Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Brereton
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Zhang L, Hoshika Y, Carrari E, Badea O, Paoletti E. Ozone risk assessment is affected by nutrient availability: Evidence from a simulation experiment under free air controlled exposure (FACE). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:812-822. [PMID: 29627751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing ozone (O3) risk to vegetation is crucial for informing policy making. Soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability could change stomatal conductance which is the main driver of O3 uptake into a leaf. In addition, the availability of N and P could influence photosynthesis and growth. We thus postulated that the sensitivity of plants to O3 may be changed by the levels of N and P in the soil. In this study, a sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) was subject to two N levels (N0, 0 kg N ha-1; N80, 80 kg N ha-1), three P levels (P0, 0 kg P ha-1; P40, 40 kg P ha-1; P80, 80 kg P ha-1) and three levels of O3 exposure (ambient concentration, AA; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA) for a whole growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. Flux-based (POD0 to 6) and exposure-based (W126 and AOT40) dose-response relationships were fitted and critical levels (CLs) were estimated for a 5% decrease of total annual biomass. It was found that N and P availability modified the dose-response relationships of biomass responses to O3. Overall, the N supply decreased the O3 CLs i.e. increased the sensitivity of poplar to O3. Phosphorus alleviated the O3-caused biomass loss and increased the CL. However, such mitigation effects of P were found only in low N and not in high N conditions. In each nutritional treatment, similar performance was found between flux-based and exposure-based indices. However, the flux-based approach was superior, as compared to exposure indices, to explain the biomass reduction when all nutritional treatments were pooled together. The best O3 metric for risk assessments was POD4, with 4.6 mmol m-2 POD4 as a suitable CL for Oxford poplars grown under various soil N and P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030, Harbin, China; Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- INCDS, 13 Septembrie, sector 5, 050711, Bucarest, Romania
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Florence, Italy
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Netzer F, Herschbach C, Oikawa A, Okazaki Y, Dubbert D, Saito K, Rennenberg H. Seasonal Alterations in Organic Phosphorus Metabolism Drive the Phosphorus Economy of Annual Growth in F. sylvatica Trees on P-Impoverished Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:723. [PMID: 29928284 PMCID: PMC5998604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrients limiting plant growth and development, particularly in forest ecosystems such as temperate beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests in Central Europe. Efficient tree internal P cycling during annual growth is an important strategy of beech trees to adapt to low soil-P. Organic P (Porg) is thought to play a decisive role in P cycling, but the significance of individual compounds and processes has not been elucidated. To identify processes and metabolites involved in P cycling of beech trees, polar-metabolome and lipidome profiling was performed during annual growth with twig tissues from a sufficient (Conventwald, Con) and a low-soil-P (Tuttlingen, Tut) forest. Autumnal phospholipid degradation in leaves and P export from senescent leaves, accumulation of phospholipids and glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) in the bark, storage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P) in the wood, and establishing of a phospholipid "start-up capital" in buds constitute main processes involved in P cycling that were enhanced in beech trees on low-P soil of the Tut forest. In spring, mobilization of P from storage pools in the bark contributed to an effective P cycling. Due to the higher phospholipid "start-up capital" in buds of Tut beeches, the P metabolite profile in developing leaves in spring was similar in beech trees of both forests. During summer, leaves of Tut beeches meet their phosphate (Pi) needs by replacing phospholipids by galacto- and sulfolipids. Thus, several processes contribute to adequate Pi supply on P impoverished soil thereby mediating similar growth of beech at low and sufficient soil-P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang J, Wen X, Zhang X, Li S, Zhang DY. Co-regulation of photosynthetic capacity by nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium in a subtropical Karst forest in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7406. [PMID: 29743619 PMCID: PMC5943327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf photosynthetic capacity is mainly constrained by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Little attention has been given to the photosynthetic capacity of mature forests with high calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the Karst critical zone. We measured light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate [Vcmax], and maximum electron transport rate [Jmax]) as well as leaf nutrient contents (N, P, Ca, Mg, potassium [K], and sodium [Na]), leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf thickness (LT) in 63 dominant plants in a mature subtropical forest in the Karst critical zone in southwestern China. Compared with global data, plants showed higher Asat for a given level of P. Vcmax and Jmax were mainly co-regulated by N, P, Mg, and LT. The ratios of Vcmax to N or P, and Jmax to N or P were significantly positively related to Mg. We speculate that the photosynthetic capacity of Karst plants can be modified by Mg because Mg can enhance photosynthetic N and P use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Shenggong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Slot M, Winter K. In situ temperature relationships of biochemical and stomatal controls of photosynthesis in four lowland tropical tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:3055-3068. [PMID: 28926102 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Net photosynthetic carbon uptake of Panamanian lowland tropical forest species is typically optimal at 30-32 °C. The processes responsible for the decrease in photosynthesis at higher temperatures are not fully understood for tropical trees. We determined temperature responses of maximum rates of RuBP-carboxylation (VCMax ) and RuBP-regeneration (JMax ), stomatal conductance (Gs ), and respiration in the light (RLight ) in situ for 4 lowland tropical tree species in Panama. Gs had the lowest temperature optimum (TOpt ), similar to that of net photosynthesis, and photosynthesis became increasingly limited by stomatal conductance as temperature increased. JMax peaked at 34-37 °C and VCMax ~2 °C above that, except in the late-successional species Calophyllum longifolium, in which both peaked at ~33 °C. RLight significantly increased with increasing temperature, but simulations with a photosynthesis model indicated that this had only a small effect on net photosynthesis. We found no evidence for Rubisco-activase limitation of photosynthesis. TOpt of VCMax and JMax fell within the observed in situ leaf temperature range, but our study nonetheless suggests that net photosynthesis of tropical trees is more strongly influenced by the indirect effects of high temperature-for example, through elevated vapour pressure deficit and resulting decreases in stomatal conductance-than by direct temperature effects on photosynthetic biochemistry and respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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Norby RJ, Gu L, Haworth IC, Jensen AM, Turner BL, Walker AP, Warren JM, Weston DJ, Xu C, Winter K. Informing models through empirical relationships between foliar phosphorus, nitrogen and photosynthesis across diverse woody species in tropical forests of Panama. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1425-1437. [PMID: 27870067 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze and summarize data describing photosynthetic parameters and foliar nutrient concentrations from tropical forests in Panama to inform model representation of phosphorus (P) limitation of tropical forest productivity. Gas exchange and nutrient content data were collected from 144 observations of upper canopy leaves from at least 65 species at two forest sites in Panama, differing in species composition, rainfall and soil fertility. Photosynthetic parameters were derived from analysis of assimilation rate vs internal CO2 concentration curves (A/Ci ), and relationships with foliar nitrogen (N) and P content were developed. The relationships between area-based photosynthetic parameters and nutrients were of similar strength for N and P and robust across diverse species and site conditions. The strongest relationship expressed maximum electron transport rate (Jmax ) as a multivariate function of both N and P, and this relationship was improved with the inclusion of independent data on wood density. Models that estimate photosynthesis from foliar N would be improved only modestly by including additional data on foliar P, but doing so may increase the capability of models to predict future conditions in P-limited tropical forests, especially when combined with data on edaphic conditions and other environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
| | - Ivan C Haworth
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
| | - Anna M Jensen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830-6301, USA
| | - Chonggang Xu
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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37
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Crous KY, O'Sullivan OS, Zaragoza-Castells J, Bloomfield KJ, Negrini ACA, Meir P, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL, Atkin OK. Nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities interact to modulate leaf trait scaling relationships across six plant functional types in a controlled-environment study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:992-1008. [PMID: 28505389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have key roles in leaf metabolism, resulting in a strong coupling of chemical composition traits to metabolic rates in field-based studies. However, in such studies, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of nutrient supply per se on trait-trait relationships. Our study assessed how high and low N (5 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively) and P (1 mM and 2 μM, respectively) supply in 37 species from six plant functional types (PTFs) affected photosynthesis (A) and respiration (R) (in darkness and light) in a controlled environment. Low P supply increased scaling exponents (slopes) of area-based log-log A-N or R-N relationships when N supply was not limiting, whereas there was no P effect under low N supply. By contrast, scaling exponents of A-P and R-P relationships were altered by P and N supply. Neither R : A nor light inhibition of leaf R was affected by nutrient supply. Light inhibition was 26% across nutrient treatments; herbaceous species exhibited a lower degree of light inhibition than woody species. Because N and P supply modulates leaf trait-trait relationships, the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models may need to consider how limitations in N and P availability affect trait-trait relationships when predicting carbon exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Crous
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Clarissa A Negrini
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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38
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Scafaro AP, Xiang S, Long BM, Bahar NHA, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Evans JR, Reich PB, Atkin OK. Strong thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in tropical and temperate wet-forest tree species: the importance of altered Rubisco content. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2783-2800. [PMID: 27859952 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the extent of acclimation of light-saturated net photosynthesis (An ) to temperature (T), and associated underlying mechanisms, remains limited. This is a key knowledge gap given the importance of thermal acclimation for plant functioning, both under current and future higher temperatures, limiting the accuracy and realism of Earth system model (ESM) predictions. Given this, we analysed and modelled T-dependent changes in photosynthetic capacity in 10 wet-forest tree species: six from temperate forests and four from tropical forests. Temperate and tropical species were each acclimated to three daytime growth temperatures (Tgrowth ): temperate - 15, 20 and 25 °C; tropical - 25, 30 and 35 °C. CO2 response curves of An were used to model maximal rates of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) carboxylation (Vcmax ) and electron transport (Jmax ) at each treatment's respective Tgrowth and at a common measurement T (25 °C). SDS-PAGE gels were used to determine abundance of the CO2 -fixing enzyme, Rubisco. Leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N) and mass per unit leaf area (LMA) were also determined. For all species and Tgrowth , An at current atmospheric CO2 partial pressure was Rubisco-limited. Across all species, LMA decreased with increasing Tgrowth . Similarly, area-based rates of Vcmax at a measurement T of 25 °C (Vcmax25 ) linearly declined with increasing Tgrowth , linked to a concomitant decline in total leaf protein per unit leaf area and Rubisco as a percentage of leaf N. The decline in Rubisco constrained Vcmax and An for leaves developed at higher Tgrowth and resulted in poor predictions of photosynthesis by currently widely used models that do not account for Tgrowth -mediated changes in Rubisco abundance that underpin the thermal acclimation response of photosynthesis in wet-forest tree species. A new model is proposed that accounts for the effect of Tgrowth -mediated declines in Vcmax25 on An , complementing current photosynthetic thermal acclimation models that do not account for T sensitivity of Vcmax25 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shuang Xiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Benedict M Long
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nur H A Bahar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1540 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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39
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Alexova R, Nelson CJ, Millar AH. Temporal development of the barley leaf metabolic response to P i limitation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:645-657. [PMID: 27995647 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The response of plants to Pi limitation involves interplay between root uptake of Pi , adjustment of resource allocation to different plant organs and increased metabolic Pi use efficiency. To identify potentially novel, early-responding, metabolic hallmarks of Pi limitation in crop plants, we studied the metabolic response of barley leaves over the first 7 d of Pi stress, and the relationship of primary metabolites with leaf Pi levels and leaf biomass. The abundance of leaf Pi , Tyr and shikimate were significantly different between low Pi and control plants 1 h after transfer of the plants to low Pi . Combining these data with 15 N metabolic labelling, we show that over the first 48 h of Pi limitation, metabolic flux through the N assimilation and aromatic amino acid pathways is increased. We propose that together with a shift in amino acid metabolism in the chloroplast a transient restoration of the energetic and redox state of the leaf is achieved. Correlation analysis of metabolite abundances revealed a central role for major amino acids in Pi stress, appearing to modulate partitioning of soluble sugars between amino acid and carboxylate synthesis, thereby limiting leaf biomass accumulation when external Pi is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitza Alexova
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
- Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
| | - Clark J Nelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
- Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
- Centre for Comparative Analysis of Biomolecular Networks, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
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40
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Killi D, Bussotti F, Raschi A, Haworth M. Adaptation to high temperature mitigates the impact of water deficit during combined heat and drought stress in C3 sunflower and C4 maize varieties with contrasting drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:130-147. [PMID: 27535211 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat and drought stress frequently occur together, however, their impact on plant growth and photosynthesis (PN ) is unclear. The frequency, duration and severity of heat and drought stress events are predicted to increase in the future, having severe implications for agricultural productivity and food security. To assess the impact on plant gas exchange, physiology and morphology we grew drought tolerant and sensitive varieties of C3 sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and C4 maize (Zea mays) under conditions of elevated temperature for 4 weeks prior to the imposition of water deficit. The negative impact of temperature on PN was most apparent in sunflower. The drought tolerant sunflower retained ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) activity under heat stress to a greater extent than its drought sensitive counterpart. Maize exhibited no varietal difference in response to increased temperature. In contrast to previous studies, where a sudden rise in temperature induced an increase in stomatal conductance (Gs ), we observed no change or a reduction in Gs with elevated temperature, which alongside lower leaf area mitigated the impact of drought at the higher temperature. The drought tolerant sunflower and maize varieties exhibited greater investment in root-systems, allowing greater uptake of the available soil water. Elevated temperatures associated with heat-waves will have profound negative impacts on crop growth in both sunflower and maize, but the deleterious effect on PN was less apparent in the drought tolerant sunflower and both maize varieties. As C4 plants generally exhibit water use efficiency (WUE) and resistance to heat stress, selection on the basis of tolerance to heat and drought stress would be more beneficial to the yields of C3 crops cultivated in drought prone semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Killi
- Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Raschi
- Istituto di Biometeorologia (CNR - IBIMET), Florence, Italy
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41
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Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Photorespiration and the potential to improve photosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:109-116. [PMID: 27693890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is an essential metabolite repair pathway that allows the photosynthetic CO2 fixation of plants to occur in the presence of oxygen. It is necessary because oxygen is a competing substrate of the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, forming 2-phosphoglycolate that negatively interferes with photosynthesis. Photorespiration very efficiently recycles 2-phosphoglycolate into 3-phosphoglycerate, which re-enters the Calvin-Benson cycle to drive sustainable photosynthesis. Photorespiration however requires extra energy and re-oxidises one quarter of the 2-phosphoglycolate carbon to CO2, lowering potential maximum rates of photosynthesis in most plants including food and energy crops. This review discusses natural and artificial strategies to reduce the undesired impact of air oxygen on photosynthesis and in turn plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagemann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Medlyn BE, De Kauwe MG, Zaehle S, Walker AP, Duursma RA, Luus K, Mishurov M, Pak B, Smith B, Wang YP, Yang X, Crous KY, Drake JE, Gimeno TE, Macdonald CA, Norby RJ, Power SA, Tjoelker MG, Ellsworth DS. Using models to guide field experiments: a priori predictions for the CO2 response of a nutrient- and water-limited native Eucalypt woodland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2834-51. [PMID: 26946185 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The response of terrestrial ecosystems to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca ), particularly under nutrient-limited conditions, is a major uncertainty in Earth System models. The Eucalyptus Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (EucFACE) experiment, recently established in a nutrient- and water-limited woodland presents a unique opportunity to address this uncertainty, but can best do so if key model uncertainties have been identified in advance. We applied seven vegetation models, which have previously been comprehensively assessed against earlier forest FACE experiments, to simulate a priori possible outcomes from EucFACE. Our goals were to provide quantitative projections against which to evaluate data as they are collected, and to identify key measurements that should be made in the experiment to allow discrimination among alternative model assumptions in a postexperiment model intercomparison. Simulated responses of annual net primary productivity (NPP) to elevated Ca ranged from 0.5 to 25% across models. The simulated reduction of NPP during a low-rainfall year also varied widely, from 24 to 70%. Key processes where assumptions caused disagreement among models included nutrient limitations to growth; feedbacks to nutrient uptake; autotrophic respiration; and the impact of low soil moisture availability on plant processes. Knowledge of the causes of variation among models is now guiding data collection in the experiment, with the expectation that the experimental data can optimally inform future model improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Remko A Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kristina Luus
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mikhail Mishurov
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bernard Pak
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRA, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catriona A Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Richard J Norby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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43
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De Kauwe MG, Lin YS, Wright IJ, Medlyn BE, Crous KY, Ellsworth DS, Maire V, Prentice IC, Atkin OK, Rogers A, Niinemets Ü, Serbin SP, Meir P, Uddling J, Togashi HF, Tarvainen L, Weerasinghe LK, Evans BJ, Ishida FY, Domingues TF. A test of the 'one-point method' for estimating maximum carboxylation capacity from field-measured, light-saturated photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1130-44. [PMID: 26719951 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of photosynthesis by terrestrial biosphere models typically need a specification of the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax ). Estimating this parameter using A-Ci curves (net photosynthesis, A, vs intercellular CO2 concentration, Ci ) is laborious, which limits availability of Vcmax data. However, many multispecies field datasets include net photosynthetic rate at saturating irradiance and at ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (Asat ) measurements, from which Vcmax can be extracted using a 'one-point method'. We used a global dataset of A-Ci curves (564 species from 46 field sites, covering a range of plant functional types) to test the validity of an alternative approach to estimate Vcmax from Asat via this 'one-point method'. If leaf respiration during the day (Rday ) is known exactly, Vcmax can be estimated with an r(2) value of 0.98 and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 8.19 μmol m(-2) s(-1) . However, Rday typically must be estimated. Estimating Rday as 1.5% of Vcmax, we found that Vcmax could be estimated with an r(2) of 0.95 and an RMSE of 17.1 μmol m(-2) s(-1) . The one-point method provides a robust means to expand current databases of field-measured Vcmax , giving new potential to improve vegetation models and quantify the environmental drivers of Vcmax variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Bradley J Evans
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tarvainen L, Lutz M, Räntfors M, Näsholm T, Wallin G. Increased Needle Nitrogen Contents Did Not Improve Shoot Photosynthetic Performance of Mature Nitrogen-Poor Scots Pine Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1051. [PMID: 27489553 PMCID: PMC4951524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that temperate and boreal forests are limited by nitrogen (N) availability. However, few studies have provided a detailed account of how carbon (C) acquisition of such forests reacts to increasing N supply. We combined measurements of needle-scale biochemical photosynthetic capacities and continuous observations of shoot-scale photosynthetic performance from several canopy positions with simple mechanistic modeling to evaluate the photosynthetic responses of mature N-poor boreal Pinus sylvestris to N fertilization. The measurements were carried out in August 2013 on 90-year-old pine trees growing at Rosinedalsheden research site in northern Sweden. In spite of a nearly doubling of needle N content in response to the fertilization, no effect on the long-term shoot-scale C uptake was recorded. This lack of N-effect was due to strong light limitation of photosynthesis in all investigated canopy positions. The effect of greater N availability on needle photosynthetic capacities was also constrained by development of foliar phosphorus (P) deficiency following N addition. Thus, P deficiency and accumulation of N in arginine appeared to contribute toward lower shoot-scale nitrogen-use efficiency in the fertilized trees, thereby additionally constraining tree-scale responses to increasing N availability. On the whole our study suggests that the C uptake response of the studied N-poor boreal P. sylvestris stand to enhanced N availability is constrained by the efficiency with which the additional N is utilized. This efficiency, in turn, depends on the ability of the trees to use the greater N availability for additional light capture. For stands that have not reached canopy closure, increase in leaf area following N fertilization would be the most effective way for improving light capture and C uptake while for mature stands an increased leaf area may have a rather limited effect on light capture owing to increased self-shading. This raises the question if N limitation in boreal forests acts primarily by constraining growth of young stands while the commonly recorded increase in stem growth of mature stands following N addition is primarily the result of altered allocation and only to a limited extent the result of increased stand C-capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Lasse Tarvainen
| | - Martina Lutz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Räntfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
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45
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Quentin AG, Crous KY, Barton CVM, Ellsworth DS. Photosynthetic enhancement by elevated CO₂ depends on seasonal temperatures for warmed and non-warmed Eucalyptus globulus trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1249-63. [PMID: 26496960 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arguments based on the biochemistry of photosynthesis predict a positive interaction between elevated atmospheric [CO2] and temperature on photosynthesis as well as growth. In contrast, few long-term studies on trees find greater stimulation of photosynthesis in response to elevated [CO2] at warmer compared with cooler temperatures. To test for CO2 × temperature interactions on leaf photosynthesis and whole-plant growth, we planted Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in climate-controlled chambers in the field at the Hawkesbury Forest Experiment research site, and investigated how photosynthetic enhancement changed across a range of seasonal temperatures. Trees were grown in a complete two-way factorial design with two CO2 concentrations (ambient and ambient + 240 ppm) and two temperatures (ambient and ambient + 3 °C) for 15 months until they reached ∼10 m height, after which they were harvested for biomass. There was significant enhancement of photosynthesis and growth with elevated [CO2], with the photosynthetic stimulation varying with season, but there was no significant effect of warming. Photosynthetic enhancement was higher in summer (+46% at 28 °C) than in winter (+14% at 20 °C). Photosynthetic enhancement as a function of leaf temperature was consistent with theoretical expectations, but was strongly mediated by the intercellular [CO2]/ambient [CO2] (Ci/Ca) ratio across seasons. Total tree biomass after 15 months was 66% larger in elevated CO2 (P = 0.017) with no significant warming effect detected. The fraction of biomass in coarse roots was reduced in warmed trees compared with ambient temperature controls, but there was no evidence of changed biomass allocation patterns in elevated CO2. We conclude that there are strong and consistent elevated CO2 effects on photosynthesis and biomass of E. globulus. It is crucial to consider stomatal conductance under a range of conditions to appraise the interactive effect of [CO2] and temperature on photosynthetic enhancement and subsequent implications for tree growth and forest productivity in future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Quentin
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 12, Hobart 7000, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - K Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - C V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - D S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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46
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Reed SC, Yang X, Thornton PE. Incorporating phosphorus cycling into global modeling efforts: a worthwhile, tractable endeavor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:324-329. [PMID: 26115197 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
324 I. 324 II. 325 III. 326 IV. 327 328 References 328 SUMMARY: Myriad field, laboratory, and modeling studies show that nutrient availability plays a fundamental role in regulating CO2 exchange between the Earth's biosphere and atmosphere, and in determining how carbon pools and fluxes respond to climatic change. Accordingly, global models that incorporate coupled climate-carbon cycle feedbacks made a significant advance with the introduction of a prognostic nitrogen cycle. Here we propose that incorporating phosphorus cycling represents an important next step in coupled climate-carbon cycling model development, particularly for lowland tropical forests where phosphorus availability is often presumed to limit primary production. We highlight challenges to including phosphorus in modeling efforts and provide suggestions for how to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, 84532, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6335, USA
| | - Peter E Thornton
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6335, USA
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47
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Gimeno TE, Crous KY, Cooke J, O'Grady AP, Ósvaldsson A, Medlyn BE, Ellsworth DS. Conserved stomatal behaviour under elevated CO
2
and varying water availability in a mature woodland. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Gimeno
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
- INRA UMR 1391 ISPA 33140 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex France
| | - Kristine Y. Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Julia Cooke
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
- Department of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK
| | | | - Anna Ósvaldsson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106‐7080 USA
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - David S. Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
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48
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Haworth M, Moser G, Raschi A, Kammann C, Grünhage L, Müller C. Carbon dioxide fertilisation and supressed respiration induce enhanced spring biomass production in a mixed species temperate meadow exposed to moderate carbon dioxide enrichment. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 43:26-39. [PMID: 32480439 DOI: 10.1071/fp15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ([CO2]) has a direct effect on terrestrial vegetation through shifts in the rates of photosynthetic carbon uptake and transpirational water-loss. Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments aim to predict the likely responses of plants to increased [CO2] under normal climatic conditions. The Giessen FACE system operates a lower [CO2] enrichment regime (480μmolmol-1) than standard FACE (550-600μmolmol-1), permitting the analysis of a mixed species temperate meadow under a [CO2] level equivalent to that predicted in 25-30 years. We analysed the physiological and morphological responses of six species to investigate the effect of moderate [CO2] on spring biomass production. Carbon dioxide enrichment stimulated leaf photosynthetic rates and supressed respiration, contributing to enhanced net assimilation and a 23% increase in biomass. The capacity for photosynthetic assimilation was unaffected by [CO2] enrichment, with no downregulation of rates of carboxylation of Rubisco or regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Foliar N content was also not influenced by increased [CO2]. Enhanced [CO2] reduced stomatal size, but stomatal density and leaf area index remained constant, suggesting that the effect on gas exchange was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haworth
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biometeorologia, Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonio Raschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biometeorologia, Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Kammann
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludger Grünhage
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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