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Gupta M, Dwivedi V, Kumar S, Patel A, Niazi P, Yadav VK. Lead toxicity in plants: mechanistic insights into toxicity, physiological responses of plants and mitigation strategies. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2365576. [PMID: 38899525 PMCID: PMC11195469 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2365576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Soil toxicity is a major environmental issue that leads to numerous harmful effects on plants and human beings. Every year a huge amount of Pb is dumped into the environment either from natural sources or anthropogenically. Being a heavy metal it is highly toxic and non-biodegradable but remains in the environment for a long time. It is considered a neurotoxic and exerts harmful effects on living beings. In the present review article, investigators have emphasized the side effects of Pb on the plants. Further, the authors have focused on the various sources of Pb in the environment. Investigators have emphasized the various responses including molecular, biochemical, and morphological of plants to the toxic levels of Pb. Further emphasis was given to the effect of elevated levels of Pb on the microbial population in the rhizospheres. Further, emphasized the various remediation strategies for the Pb removal from the soil and water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vinay Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swatantar Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Parwiz Niazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, EGE University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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Griffani DS, Rognon P, Farquhar GD. The role of thermodiffusion in transpiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1301-1311. [PMID: 38453691 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant leaf temperatures can differ from ambient air temperatures. A temperature gradient in a gas mixture gives rise to a phenomenon known as thermodiffusion, which operates in addition to ordinary diffusion. Whilst transpiration is generally understood to be driven solely by the ordinary diffusion of water vapour along a concentration gradient, we consider the implications of thermodiffusion for transpiration. We develop a new modelling framework that introduces the effects of thermodiffusion on the transpiration rate, E. By applying this framework, we quantify the proportion of E attributable to thermodiffusion for a set of physiological and environmental conditions, varied over a wide range. Thermodiffusion is found to be most significant (in some cases > 30% of E) when a leaf-to-air temperature difference coincides with a relatively small water vapour concentration difference across the boundary layer; a boundary layer conductance that is large as compared to the stomatal conductance; or a relatively low transpiration rate. Thermodiffusion also alters the conditions required for the onset of reverse transpiration, and the rate at which this water vapour uptake occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Griffani
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Pierre Rognon
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Araújo KC, Souza BC, Carvalho ECD, Freire RS, Teixeira AS, Muniz CR, Martins FR, Oliveira RS, Eller CB, Soares AA. The multiple roles of trichomes in two Croton species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1685-1700. [PMID: 38282477 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Trichomes are common in plants from dry environments, and despite their recognized role in protection and defense, little is known about their role as absorptive structures and in other aspects of leaf ecophysiology. We combine anatomical and ecophysiological data to evaluate how trichomes affect leaf gas exchange and water balance during drought. We studied two congeneric species with pubescent leaves which co-occur in Brazilian Caatinga: Croton blanchetianus (dense trichomes) and Croton adenocalyx (sparse trichomes). We found a novel foliar water uptake (FWU) pathway in C. blanchetianus composed of stellate trichomes and underlying epidermal cells and sclereids that interconnect the trichomes from both leaf surfaces. The water absorbed by these trichomes is redistributed laterally by pectin protuberances on mesophyll cell walls. This mechanism enables C. blanchetianus leaves to absorb water more efficiently than C. adenocalyx. Consequently, the exposure of C. blanchetianus to dew during drought improved its leaf gas exchange and water status more than C. adenocalyx. C. blanchetianus trichomes also increase their leaf capacity to reflect light and maintain lower temperatures during drought. Our results emphasize the multiple roles that trichomes might have on plant functioning and the importance of FWU for the ecophysiology of Caatinga plants during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Crisóstomo Araújo
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cruz Souza
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Dantas Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosemeyre Souza Freire
- Centro de Ciências, Central Analítica, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adunias Santos Teixeira
- Departament of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Roberto Martins
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP6109, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP6109, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Breder Eller
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Arlete Aparecida Soares
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Babangida AA, Uddin A, Stephen KT, Yusuf BA, Zhang L, Ge D. A Roadmap from Functional Materials to Plant Health Monitoring (PHM). Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300283. [PMID: 37815087 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics have great potential for the early diagnosis of plant diseases and the mitigation of adverse outcomes such as reduced crop yields and stunted growth. Over the past decade, bioelectronic interfaces have evolved into miniaturized conformal electronic devices that integrate flexible monitoring systems with advanced electronic functionality. This development is largely attributable to advances in materials science, and micro/nanofabrication technology. The approach uses the mechanical and electronic properties of functional materials (polymer substrates and sensing elements) to create interfaces for plant monitoring. In addition to ensuring biocompatibility, several other factors need to be considered when developing these interfaces. These include the choice of materials, fabrication techniques, precision, electrical performance, and mechanical stability. In this review, some of the benefits plants can derive from several of the materials used to develop soft bioelectronic interfaces are discussed. The article describes how they can be used to create biocompatible monitoring devices that can enhance plant growth and health. Evaluation of these devices also takes into account features that ensure their long-term durability, sensitivity, and reliability. This article concludes with a discussion of the development of reliable soft bioelectronic systems for plants, which has the potential to advance the field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar A Babangida
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Azim Uddin
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kukwi Tissan Stephen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bashir Adegbemiga Yusuf
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214126, China
| | - Daohan Ge
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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Feng W, Ma X, Yuan Z, Li W, Yan Y, Yang W. An Experimental Investigation of the Precipitation Utilization of Plants in Arid Regions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:594. [PMID: 38475440 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
What represents a water source for the ecological restoration of a plant in an arid region is still up to debate. To address this issue, we conducted an in situ experiment in the Ulan Buh Desert of China, to study desert plants absorbing atmospheric water vapor. We selected Tamarisk, a common drought-salt-tolerant species in the desert, for ecological restoration as our research subject, used a newly designed lysimeter to monitor precipitation infiltration, and a sap flow system to track reverse sap flow that occurred in the shoot, branch, and stem during the precipitation event, and observed the precipitation redistribution process of the Tamarisk plot. The results showed that Tamarisk indeed directly absorbs precipitation water: when precipitation occurs, the main stem, lateral branch, and shoot all show the signs of reversed sap flow, and the reversed sap flow accounted for 21.5% of the annual sap flow in the shoot and branch, and 13.6% in the stem. The precipitation event in the desert was dominated by light precipitation events, which accounted for 81% of the annual precipitation events. It was found that light precipitation can be directly absorbed by the Tamarisk leaves, especially during nighttime or cloudy days. Even when the precipitation is absent, it was found that desert plants can still absorb water from the unsaturated atmospheric vapor; even the absorbed atmospheric water vapor was transported from the leaves to the stem, forming a reversed sap flow, as a reversed sap flow was observed when the atmospheric relative humidity reached 75%. This study indicated that the effect of light precipitation on desert plants was significant and should not be overlooked in terms of managing the ecological and hydrological systems in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Livestock, Xilingol Vocational College, Xilinhot 026000, China
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, China Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100093, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ma
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zixuan Yuan
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, China Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yujie Yan
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Low-Coverage Sand Control Company, Hohhot 010000, China
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Fradera-Soler M, Mravec J, Schulz A, Taboryski R, Jørgensen B, Grace OM. Revisiting an ecophysiological oddity: Hydathode-mediated foliar water uptake in Crassula species from southern Africa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:460-481. [PMID: 37876364 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are usually associated with water exudation in plants. However, foliar water uptake (FWU) through the hydathodes has long been suspected in the leaf-succulent genus Crassula (Crassulaceae), a highly diverse group in southern Africa, and, to our knowledge, no empirical observations exist in the literature that unequivocally link FWU to hydathodes in this genus. FWU is expected to be particularly beneficial on the arid western side of southern Africa, where up to 50% of Crassula species occur and where periodically high air humidity leads to fog and/or dew formation. To investigate if hydathode-mediated FWU is operational in different Crassula species, we used the apoplastic fluorescent tracer Lucifer Yellow in combination with different imaging techniques. Our images of dye-treated leaves confirm that hydathode-mediated FWU does indeed occur in Crassula and that it might be widespread across the genus. Hydathodes in Crassula serve as moisture-harvesting structures, besides their more common purpose of guttation, an adaptation that has likely played an important role in the evolutionary history of the genus. Our observations suggest that ability for FWU is independent of geographical distribution and not restricted to arid environments under fog influence, as FWU is also operational in Crassula species from the rather humid eastern side of southern Africa. Our observations point towards no apparent link between FWU ability and overall leaf surface wettability in Crassula. Instead, the hierarchically sculptured leaf surfaces of several Crassula species may facilitate FWU due to hydrophilic leaf surface microdomains, even in seemingly hydrophobic species. Overall, these results confirm the ecophysiological relevance of hydathode-mediated FWU in Crassula and reassert the importance of atmospheric humidity for some arid-adapted plant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rafael Taboryski
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Olwen M Grace
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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7
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Al-Handawi MB, Commins P, Dinnebier RE, Abdellatief M, Li L, Naumov P. Harvesting of aerial humidity with natural hygroscopic salt excretions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313134120. [PMID: 37903263 PMCID: PMC10636306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313134120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and animals that thrive in arid regions utilize the diurnal changes in environmental temperature and humidity to optimize their water budget by combining water-harvesting mechanisms and morphophysiological traits. The Athel tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) is a halophytic desert shrub that survives in arid, hypersaline conditions by excreting concentrated solutions of ions as droplets on its surface that crystallize into salt crystals and fall off the branches. Here, we describe the crystallization on the surface of the plant and explore the effects of external conditions such as diurnal changes in humidity and temperature. The salt mixtures contain at least ten common minerals, with NaCl and CaSO4·2H2O being the major products, SiO2 and CaCO3 main sand contaminants, and Li2SO4, CaSO4, KCl, K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O, CaMg(CO3)2 and AlNaSi3O8 present in smaller amounts. In natural conditions, the hanging or sitting droplets remain firmly attached to the surface, with an average adhesion force of 275 ± 3.5 µN measured for pure water. Rather than using morphological features of the surface, the droplets adhere by chemical interactions, predominantly by hydrogen bonding. Increasing ion concentration slightly increases the contact angle on the hydrophobic cuticle, thereby lowering surface wettability. Small amounts of lithium sulfate and possibly other hygroscopic salts result in strong hygroscopicity and propensity for deliquescence of the salt mixture overnight. Within a broader context, this natural mechanism for humidity harvesting that uses environmentally benign salts as moisture adsorbents could provide a bioinspired approach that complements the currently available water collection or cloud-seeding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieh B. Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, MK-1000 Skopje, Macedonia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY10003
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Fonollá A, Hormaza JI, Losada JM. Foliar Pectins and Physiology of Diploid and Autotetraploid Mango Genotypes under Water Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3738. [PMID: 37960094 PMCID: PMC10650725 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of mango in Mediterranean-type climates is challenged by the depletion of freshwater. Polyploids are alternative genotypes with potential greater water use efficiency, but field evaluations of the anatomy and physiology of conspecific adult polyploid trees under water stress remain poorly explored. We combined field anatomical evaluations with measurements of leaf water potential (Ψl) and stomatal conductance (Gs) comparing one diploid and one autotetraploid tree per treatment with and without irrigation during dry summers (when fruits develop). Autotetraploid leaves displayed lower Ψl and Gs in both treatments, but the lack of irrigation only affected Gs. Foliar cells of the adaxial epidermis and the spongy mesophyll contained linear pectin epitopes, whereas branched pectins were localized in the abaxial epidermis, the chloroplast membrane, and the sieve tube elements of the phloem. Cell and fruit organ size was larger in autotetraploid than in diploid mango trees, but the sugar content in the fruits was similar between both cytotypes. Specific cell wall hygroscopic pectins correlate with more stable Ψl of autotetraploid leaves under soil water shortage, keeping lower Gs compared with diploids. These preliminary results point to diploids as more susceptible to water deficits than tetraploids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M. Losada
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM La Mayora—CSIC—UMA), Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750 Malaga, Spain; (A.F.); (J.I.H.)
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9
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Álvarez S, Acosta-Motos JR, Sánchez-Blanco MJ. Morphological performance and seasonal pattern of water relations and gas exchange in Pistacia lentiscus plants subjected to salinity and water deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237332. [PMID: 37731979 PMCID: PMC10508188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil water deficit and salinity represent a major factor impacting plant survival and agricultural production. The frequency and severity of both abiotic stresses are expected to increase in a context of climate change, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This work studied the growth pattern, biomass and mineral distribution and the seasonal pattern of water status, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in plant of Pistacia lentiscus grown under different levels of water deficit and salinity. P. lentiscus plants growing under greenhouse conditions were subjected to four irrigation treatments during 11 months: control (C, 1 dS m-1), moderate water deficit (MW, 1dS m-1, 60% of the control), severe water deficit (SW, 1 dS m-1, 40% of the control) and saline (S, 4dS m-1). The results show that Pistacia lentiscus plants were more affected by deficit irrigation than salinity. Deficit irrigation and salinity inhibited plant height, with reductions of 20%, 22% and 35% for S, MW and SW, respectively. Total leaf area was not modified by effect of the treatments, with the result that plant compactness increased in MW. The salt stressed plants only showed lower relative growth rate at the end of the experiment. Plants responded to saline or drought stress by increasing their osmotic adjustment, which was more pronounced under salinity. Saline plants had the highest values in Na+ and Cl- ions and the lowest values for K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios in leaves and stems, which is correlated with a decrease in growth, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and stem water potential, and can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess plant tolerance to salinity stress. As a measure of plant hydration, relative water content was more sensitive to deficit irrigation than salinity, being a good indicator of water stress. P. lentiscus plants subjected to both deficit irrigation treatments exhibited an increase in their intrinsic water use efficiency, which is an important adaptation for plants growing in environments with water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Álvarez
- Unidad de Cultivos Leñosos y Hortícolas, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Acosta-Motos
- Grupo de Biotecnología Vegetal para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (BioVegA), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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10
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Chin ARO, Guzmán-Delgado P, Görlich A, HilleRisLambers J. Towards multivariate functional trait syndromes: Predicting foliar water uptake in trees. Ecology 2023; 104:e4112. [PMID: 37252804 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of functional traits is a cornerstone of ecology, yet individual traits seldom explain useful amounts of variation in species distribution or climatic tolerance, and their functional significance is rarely validated experimentally. Multivariate suites of interacting traits could build an understanding of ecological processes and improve our ability to make sound predictions of species success in our rapidly changing world. We use foliar water uptake capacity as a case study because it is increasingly considered to be a key functional trait in plant ecology due to its importance for stress-tolerance physiology. However, the traits behind the trait, that is, the features of leaves that determine variation in foliar water uptake rates, have not been assembled into a widely applicable framework for uptake prediction. Focusing on trees, we investigated relationships among 25 structural traits, leaf osmotic potential (a source of free energy to draw water into leaves), and foliar water uptake in 10 diverse angiosperm and conifer species. We identified consistent, multitrait "uptake syndromes" for both angiosperm and conifer trees, with differences in key traits revealing suspected differences in the water entry route between these two clades and an evolutionarily significant divergence in the function of homologous structures. A literature review of uptake-associated functional traits, which largely documents similar univariate relationships, provides additional support for our proposed "uptake syndrome." Importantly, more than half of shared traits had opposite-direction influences on the capacity of leaves to absorb water in angiosperms and conifers. Taxonomically targeted multivariate trait syndromes provide a useful tool for trait selection in ecological research, while highlighting the importance of micro-traits and the physiological verification of their function for advancing trait-based ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana R O Chin
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Guzmán-Delgado
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anna Görlich
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Losso A, Dämon B, Hacke U, Mayr S. High potential for foliar water uptake in early stages of leaf development of three woody angiosperms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13961. [PMID: 37341178 PMCID: PMC10953411 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) is a widespread mechanism that may help plants cope with drought stress in a wide range of ecosystems. FWU can be affected by various leaf traits, which change during leaf development. We exposed cut and dehydrated leaves to rainwater and measured FWU, changes in leaf water potential after 19 h of FWU (ΔΨ), minimum leaf conductance (gmin ), and leaf wettability (abaxial and adaxial) of leaves of Acer platanoides, Fagus sylvatica, and Sambucus nigra at three developmental stages: unfolding (2-5-day-old), young (1.5-week-old) and mature leaves (8-week-old). FWU and gmin were higher in younger leaves. ΔΨ corresponded to FWU and gmin in all cases but mature leaves of F. sylvatica, where ΔΨ was highest. Most leaves were highly wettable, and at least one leaf surface (adaxial or abaxial) showed a decrease in wettability from unfolding to mature leaves. Young leaves of all studied species showed FWU (unfolding leaves: 14.8 ± 1.1 μmol m-2 s-1 ), which may improve plant water status and thus counterbalance spring transpirational losses due to high gmin . The high wettability of young leaves probably supported FWU. We observed particularly high FWU and respective high ΔΨ in older leaves of F. sylvatica, possibly aided by trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Losso
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Birgit Dämon
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Uwe Hacke
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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12
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Fang N, Zhao X, Li Y, Luo Y, Wang X, He H, Zhang C, Jiang J. Uptake, translocation and subcellular distribution of broflanilide, afidopyropen, and flupyradifurone in mustard (Brassica juncea). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131381. [PMID: 37030221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel pesticides broflanilide (BFI), afidopyropen (ADP), and flupyradifurone (FPO) have been widely used and become the new organic pollutants. However, uptake, translocation and residual distribution of BFI, ADP, and FPO in plants remain unclear. Therefore, residues distribution, uptake, and translocation of BFI, ADP, and FPO were investigated in mustard field trials and hydroponic experiments. The field results indicated that the residues of BFI, ADP, and FPO were 0.001-1.87 mg/kg at 0-21 d and dissipated fast in mustard (half-lives=5.2-11.3 d). More than 66.5 % of FPO residues were distributed in the cell-soluble fractions because of their high hydrophilicity, while hydrophobic BFI and ADP were primarily stored in the cell walls and organelles. The hydroponic data showed that the foliar uptake rates of BFI, ADP, and FPO were weak (bioconcentration factors<1), but the root uptake rate was strong (bioconcentration factors>1). The upward and downward translations of BFI, ADP, and FPO were limited (translation factor<1). BFI and ADP are uptake by roots via apoplast pathway, and FPO is uptake via symplastic pathway. This study contributes to the understanding of the formation of pesticide residues in plants and provides a reference for safe application and risk assessment of BFI, ADP, and FPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hongmei He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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13
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Sheeran L, Rasmussen A. Aerial roots elevate indoor plant health: Physiological and morphological responses of three high-humidity adapted Araceae species to indoor humidity levels. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1873-1884. [PMID: 36786325 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a global increase in urban greenspace appreciation. Indoor plants are equally important for improving mental health and air quality but despite evolving in humid (sub)tropical environments with aerial root types, planting systems ignore aerial resource supply. This study directly compared nutrient uptake preferences of aerial and soil-formed roots of three common houseplant species under high and ambient relative humidities. Growth and physiology parameters were measured weekly for Anthurium andreanum, Epipremnum aureum and Philodendron scandens grown in custom made growth chambers. Both aerial and soil-formed roots were then fed mixtures of nitrate, ammonium and glycine, with one source labelled with 15 N to determine uptake rates and maximum capacities. Aerial roots were consistently better at nitrogen uptake than soil roots but no species, root type or humidity condition showed a preference for a particular nitrogen source. All three species grew more in high humidity, with aerial roots demonstrating the greatest biomass increase. Higher humidities for indoor niches, together with fertiliser applications to aerial roots will support indoor plant growth, creating lush calming indoor environments for people inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sheeran
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Science, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Amanda Rasmussen
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Science, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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14
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Van Stan JT, Allen ST, Aubrey DP, Berry ZC, Biddick M, Coenders-Gerrits MAMJ, Giordani P, Gotsch SG, Gutmann ED, Kuzyakov Y, Magyar D, Mella VSA, Mueller KE, Ponette-González AG, Porada P, Rosenfeld CE, Simmons J, Sridhar KR, Stubbins A, Swanson T. Shower thoughts: why scientists should spend more time in the rain. Bioscience 2023; 73:441-452. [PMID: 37397836 PMCID: PMC10308363 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stormwater is a vital resource and dynamic driver of terrestrial ecosystem processes. However, processes controlling interactions during and shortly after storms are often poorly seen and poorly sensed when direct observations are substituted with technological ones. We discuss how human observations complement technological ones and the benefits of scientists spending more time in the storm. Human observation can reveal ephemeral storm-related phenomena such as biogeochemical hot moments, organismal responses, and sedimentary processes that can then be explored in greater resolution using sensors and virtual experiments. Storm-related phenomena trigger lasting, oversized impacts on hydrologic and biogeochemical processes, organismal traits or functions, and ecosystem services at all scales. We provide examples of phenomena in forests, across disciplines and scales, that have been overlooked in past research to inspire mindful, holistic observation of ecosystems during storms. We conclude that technological observations alone are insufficient to trace the process complexity and unpredictability of fleeting biogeochemical or ecological events without the shower thoughts produced by scientists' human sensory and cognitive systems during storms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott T Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science at the University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Douglas P Aubrey
- Savannah River Ecology Lab and with the Warnell School of Forestry at the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Z Carter Berry
- Department of Biology at Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Matthew Biddick
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Giordani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia at the University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sybil G Gotsch
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Ethan D Gutmann
- Research Applications Laboratory, at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Systems, Agricultural Soil Science, at Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Donát Magyar
- National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valentina S A Mella
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, at the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin E Mueller
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Alexandra G Ponette-González
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning and with the Natural History Museum of Utah at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Philipp Porada
- Department of Biology at Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla E Rosenfeld
- Department of Minerals and Earth Sciences at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jack Simmons
- Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States
| | - Kandikere R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences at Mangalore University, Konaje, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Departments of Marine and Environmental Science, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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15
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Cai Z, Fu M, Yao Y, Chen Y, Song H, Zhang S. Differences in phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism explain the sex differences in responses of Salix rehderiana to drought and nitrogen deposition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:534-553. [PMID: 36790349 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming and the increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, plants experience drought and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, little is known about the acclimation to drought and N deposition of Salix species, which are dioecious woody plants. Here, an investigation into foliar N deposition combined with drought was conducted by assessing integrated phenotypes, phytohormones, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of male and female Salix rehderiana. The results indicated that there was greater transcriptional regulation in males than in females. Foliar N deposition induced an increase in foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels in males, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N accumulation, and growth, whereas more N was assimilated in females. Growth as well as C and N accumulation in drought-stressed S. rehderiana females increased after N deposition. Interestingly, drought decreased flavonoid biosynthesis whereas N deposition increased it in females. Both drought and N deposition increased flavonoid methylation in males and glycosylation in females. However, in drought-exposed S. rehderiana, N deposition increased the biosynthesis and glycosylation of flavonoids in females but decreased glycosylation in males. Therefore, foliar N deposition affects the growth and drought tolerance of S. rehderiana by altering the foliar ABA levels and the biosynthesis and modification of flavonoids. This work provides a basis for understanding how S. rehderiana may acclimate to N deposition and drought in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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16
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Liu Y, Aray H, Lan H. Characterization of leaf trichomes and their influence on surface wettability of Salsola ferganica, an annual halophyte in the desert. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13905. [PMID: 37005220 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms use functional surfaces to collect water from the atmosphere. Salsola ferganica Drob. is one of the most abundant plants in desert regions and thrives in extreme environments with multiple but limited water resources, including dew and fog; however, its mechanisms of water harvesting remain unclear. We investigated trichome structural characteristics and their influence on the surface wettability of S. ferganica leaves using a variety of approaches (scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, immunolabelling staining, X-ray diffractometry, and infrared spectroscopy). Microstructural observations revealed that the trichomes of S. ferganica presented a curved upper part, the 'spindle node'-like structure in the middle, and the micro-grooves structure in between; such unique structures may aid in capturing moisture from the air. The physicochemical characteristics of the trichome surface, including hydrophobic functional groups, hydrophilic pectins, and low crystallinity, may enhance the adhesion of water drops to trichomes. Furthermore, we discovered that the piliferous S. ferganica leaves were more effective in retaining water than the glabrous S. aralocaspica leaves, and the dense trichome layer exhibited a significantly unwettable surface (high contact angle with droplets), whereas the individual trichomes retained water effectively (more so under drought conditions). The combination of these two properties is consistent with the 'rose petal effect', which describes rough surfaces that are hydrophobic but exhibit high adhesion with water. These factors suggest that the evolutionary optimisation of water acquisition by coupling relevant microstructures with the physicochemical properties of trichomes enables S. ferganica to survive harsh conditions in the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Hanat Aray
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
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17
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Roth-Nebelsick A, Hacke UG, Voigt D, Schreiber SG, Krause M. Foliar water uptake in Pinus species depends on needle age and stomatal wax structures. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:287-300. [PMID: 36420705 PMCID: PMC9992939 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Foliar water uptake (FWU) has been documented in many species and is increasingly recognized as a non-trivial factor in plant-water relationships. However, it remains unknown whether FWU is a widespread phenomenon in Pinus species, and how it may relate to needle traits such as the form and structure of stomatal wax plugs. In this contribution, these questions were addressed by studying FWU in current-year and 1-year-old needles of seven Pinus species. METHODS We monitored FWU gravimetrically and analysed the needle surface via cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we considered the effect of artificial wax erosion by application of the surfactant Triton X-100, which is able to alter wax crystals. KEY RESULTS The results show for all species that (1) FWU occurred, (2) FWU is higher in old needles compared to young needles and (3) there is substantial erosion of stomatal wax plugs in old needles. FWU was highest in Pinus canariensis, which has a thin stomatal wax plug. Surfactant treatment enhanced FWU. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide evidence for (1) widespread FWU in Pinus, (2) the influence of stomatal wax plugs on FWU and (3) age-related needle surface erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Dagmar Voigt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan G Schreiber
- EnviroStats Solutions Inc., 4715 117A ST NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 3R9, Canada
| | - Matthias Krause
- State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Grünhofer P, Schreiber L. Cutinized and suberized barriers in leaves and roots: Similarities and differences. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153921. [PMID: 36780757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical, histochemical, chemical, and biosynthetic similarities and differences of cutinized and suberized plant cell walls are presented and reviewed in brief. Based on this, the functional properties of cutinized and suberized plant cell walls acting as transport barriers are compared and discussed in more detail. This is of general importance because fundamental misconceptions about relationships in plant-environment water relations are commonly encountered in the scientific literature. It will be shown here, that cuticles represent highly efficient apoplastic transport barriers significantly reducing the diffusion of water and dissolved compounds. The transport barrier of cuticles is mainly established by the deposition of cuticular waxes. Upon wax extraction, with the cutin polymer remaining, cuticular permeability for water and dissolved non-ionized and lipophilic solutes are increasing by 2-3 orders of magnitude, whereas polar and charged substances (e.g., nutrient ions) are only weakly affected (2- to 3-fold increases in permeability). Suberized apoplastic barriers without the deposition of wax are at least as permeable as the cutin polymer matrix without waxes and hardly offer any resistance to the free movement of water. Only upon the deposition of significant amounts of wax, as it is the case with suberized periderms exposed to the atmosphere, an efficient transport barrier for water can be established by suberized cell walls. Comparing the driving forces (gradients between water potentials inside leaves and roots and the surrounding environment) for water loss acting on leaves and roots, it is shown that leaves must have a genetically pre-defined highly efficient transpiration barrier fairly independent from rapidly changing environmental influences. Roots, in most conditions facing a soil environment with relative humidities very close to 100%, are orders of magnitude more permeable to water than leaf cuticles. Upon desiccation, the permanent wilting point of plants is defined as -1.5 MPa, which still corresponds to nearly 99% relative humidity in soil. Thus, the main reason for plant water stress leading to dehydration is the inability of root tissues to decrease their internal water potential to values more negative than -1.5 MPa and not the lack of a transport barrier for water in roots and leaves. Taken together, the commonly mentioned concepts that a drought-induced increase of cuticular wax or root suberin considerably strengthens the apoplastic leaf or root transport barriers and thus aids in water conservation appears highly questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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19
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Lima JF, Boanares D, Costa VE, Moreira ASFP. Do photosynthetic metabolism and habitat influence foliar water uptake in orchids? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:257-267. [PMID: 36546714 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epiphytic and rupicolous plants inhabit environments with limited water resources. Such plants commonly use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic pathway that accumulates organic acids in cell vacuoles at night, so reducing their leaf water potential and favouring water absorption. Foliar water uptake (FWU) aids plant survival during drought events in environments with high water deficits. We hypothesized that FWU represents a strategy employed by epiphytic and rupicolous orchids for water acquisition and that CAM will favour increased water absorption. We examined 6 epiphyte, 4 terrestrial and 6 rupicolous orchids that use C3 (n = 9) or CAM (n = 7) pathways. Five individuals per species were used to evaluate FWU, structural characteristics and leaf water balance. Rupicolous species with C3 metabolism had higher FWU than other species. FWU (Cmax and k) could be related to succulence, SLM and leaf RWC. The results indicated that high orchid leaf densities favoured FWU, as area available for water storage increases with leaf density. Structural characteristics linked to water storage (e.g. high RWC, succulence), on the other hand, could limit leaf water absorption by favouring high internal leaf water potentials. Epiphytic, rupicolous and terrestrial orchids showed FWU. Rupicolous species had high levels of FWU, probably through absorption from mist. However, succulence in plants with CAM appears to mitigate FWU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Lima
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - D Boanares
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
| | - V E Costa
- Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Isótopos Estáveis Prof. Dr. Carlos Ducatti, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A S F P Moreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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20
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Li C, Mo Y, Wang N, Xing L, Qu Y, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Ali A, Qi J, Fernández V, Wang Y, Kopittke PM. The overlooked functions of trichomes: Water absorption and metal detoxication. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:669-687. [PMID: 36581782 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal outgrowths on plant shoots. Their roles in protecting plants against herbivores and in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites have long been recognized. Recently, studies are increasingly showing that trichomes also play important roles in water absorption and metal detoxication, with these roles having important implications for ecology, the environment, and agriculture. However, these two functions of trichomes have been largely overlooked and much remains unknown. In this review, we show that the trichomes of 37 plant species belonging to 14 plant families are involved in water absorption, while the trichomes of 33 species from 13 families are capable of sequestering metals within their trichomes. The ability of trichomes to absorb water results from their decreased hydrophobicity compared to the remainder of the leaf surface as well as the presence of special structures for collecting and absorbing water. In contrast, the metal detoxication function of trichomes results not only from the good connection of their basal cells to the underlying vascular tissues, but also from the presence of metal-chelating ligands and transporters within the trichomes themselves. Knowledge gaps and critical future research questions regarding these two trichome functions are highlighted. This review improves our understanding on trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingying Mo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nina Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longyi Xing
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Baoji Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Victoria Fernández
- School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Xin Z, Feng W, Zhan H, Bai X, Yang W, Cheng Y, Wu X. Atmospheric Vapor Impact on Desert Vegetation and Desert Ecohydrological System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:223. [PMID: 36678936 PMCID: PMC9865631 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to absorb unsaturated atmospheric water vapor is a controversial topic. To study how vegetation in arid areas survives under limited water resources, this study uses Tamarisk in the Ulan Buh Desert of China as an example. The in-situ observation of a newly designed Lysimeter and sap flow meter system were used to monitor the precipitation infiltration and the utilization efficiency of Tamarisk of atmospheric vapor. The results show that the annual precipitation of 84 mm in arid areas could still result in deep soil recharge (DSR) with a recharge rate of 5 mm/year. Furthermore, DSR is detectable even in the winter, and the 5-year average DSR was 5.77% of the annual precipitation. It appears that the small precipitation events are critically important for the survival of Tamarisk. When the atmospheric relative humidity reaches 70%, Tamarisk leaves can absorb the unsaturated atmospheric vapor, which accounts for 13.2% of the annual precipitation amount. To adapt to the arid environment, Tamarisk can harvest its water supply from several sources including atmospheric vapor and micro-precipitation events (whose precipitation is below the measurement limit of 0.2 mm of the precipitation gauge) and can still permit a certain amount of recharge to replenish the deep soil moisture. Such an ecohydrological dynamic is of great significance to desert vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xin
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Sand Forestry Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hohhot 015200, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Grass and Livestock, Xilingol Vocational College, Xilingol League 026000, China
| | - Hongbin Zhan
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xuying Bai
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Low-Coverage Sand Control Company, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Yiben Cheng
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuqin Wu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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22
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Wang H, Li Z, Ji S, Lv G. Response of water and photosynthetic physiological characteristics to leaf humidification in Calligonum ebinuricum. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285130. [PMID: 37141258 PMCID: PMC10159122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) has increasingly been regarded as a common approach for plants to obtain water under water-limited conditions. At present, the research on FWU has mostly focused on short-term experiments; the long-term FWU plant response remains unclear; Methods: Through a field in-situ humidification control experiment, the leaves of Calligonum ebinuricum N. A. Ivanova ex Soskov were humidified, and the changes of leaf water potential, gas exchange parameters and fluorescence physiological parameters of plants after long-term and short-term FWU were discussed; The main results were as follows: (1) After short-term humidification, the water potential of Calligonum ebinuricum decreased, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased, and the plant produced photoinhibition phenomenon, indicating that short-term FWU could not alleviate drought stress. (2) After long-term humidification, the leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased significantly. That is to say, after long-term FWU, the improvement of plant water status promoted the occurrence of light reaction and carbon reaction, and then increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn); Therefore, long-term FWU is of great significance to alleviate drought stress and promote Calligonum ebinuricum growth. This study will be helpful to deepen our understanding of the drought-tolerant survival mechanism of plants in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhoukang Li
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Suwan Ji
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Qin J, Si J, Jia B, Zhao C, Zhou D, He X, Wang C, Zhu X. Water use strategies of Ferula bungeana on mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957421. [PMID: 36561438 PMCID: PMC9763701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In desert ecosystems, ephemeral plants have developed specialized water use strategies in response to long-term natural water stress. To examine the water use strategies of desert ephemeral plants under natural extreme drought conditions, we investigated the water absorption sources, water potential, hydraulic conductivity, and water use efficiency of Ferula bungeana at different elevations on the slopes of mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert, Inner Mongolia, during a period of extreme drought. We found that the water utilized by F. bungeana was mostly absorbed from the 0-60 cm soil layers (80.47 ± 4.28%). With progression of the growing season, the source of water changed from the 0-30 cm soil layer to the 30-60 cm layer. The water potentials of the leaves, stems, and roots of F. bungeana were found to be characterized by clear diurnal and monthly variation, which were restricted by water availability and the hydraulic conductivity of different parts of the plant. The root hydraulic conductivity of F. bungeana was found to be considerably greater than that of the canopy, both of which showed significant diurnal and monthly variation. The water use efficiency of F. bungeana under extreme drought conditions was relatively high, particularly during the early and late stages of the growing season. Variations in water availability led to the regulation of water uptake and an adjustment of internal water conduction, which modified plant water use efficiency. These observations tend to indicate that the water use strategies of F. bungeana are mainly associated with the growth stage of plants, whereas the distribution pattern of plants on mega-dunes appeared to have comparatively little influence. Our findings on the water use of ephemeral plants highlight the adaptive mechanisms of these plants in desert habitats and provide a theoretical basis for selecting plants suitable for the restoration and reconstruction of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dawson TE. Sourcing the water that makes up tree biomass. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2149-2152. [PMID: 36094844 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Determining the potential sources of water that eventually become organic matter that make up the bulk of tree biomass has been facilitated by using the stable isotope composition of waters. Until recently these water sources were thought to only be taken up by roots from soils and other subsurface reservoirs. However, there is a growing body of evidence that now shows that water taken up directly by leaves and stems can not only be significant but can also dominate as the water source used in organic matter synthesis. In this commentary, I review and discuss these issues and point to an important paper by Akira Kagawa in this issue of Tree Physiology that provides a new experimental method and some striking evidence that foliar water uptake can be the primary water source that makes up tree biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Dawson
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
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25
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Kagawa A. Foliar water uptake as a source of hydrogen and oxygen in plant biomass. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2153-2173. [PMID: 35554604 PMCID: PMC9652008 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Introductory biology lessons around the world typically teach that plants absorb water through their roots, but, unfortunately, absorption of water through leaves and subsequent transport and use of this water for biomass formation remains a field limited mostly to specialists. Recent studies have identified foliar water uptake as a significant net water source for terrestrial plants. The growing interest in the development of a new model that includes both foliar water uptake (in liquid form) and root water uptake to explain hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in leaf water and tree rings demands a method for distinguishing between these two water sources. Therefore, in this study, I have devised a new labelling method that utilizes two different water sources, one enriched in deuterium (HDO + D2O; δD = 7.0 × 10 4‰, δ18O = 4.1‰) and one enriched in oxygen-18 (H218O; δD = -85‰, δ18O = 1.1 × 104‰), to simultaneously label both foliar-absorbed and root-absorbed water and quantify their relative contributions to plant biomass. Using this new method, I here present evidence that, in the case of well-watered Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, hydrogen and oxygen incorporated into new leaf cellulose in the rainy season derives mostly from foliar-absorbed water (69% from foliar-absorbed water and 31% from root-absorbed water), while that of new root cellulose derives mostly from root-absorbed water (20% from foliar-absorbed water and 80% from root-absorbed water), and new branch xylem is somewhere in between (55% from foliar-absorbed water and 45% from root-absorbed water). The dual-labelling method first implemented in this study enables separate and simultaneous labelling of foliar-absorbed and root-absorbed water and offers a new tool to study the uptake, transport and assimilation processes of these waters in terrestrial plants.
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26
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Kagawa A. Foliar water uptake as a source of hydrogen and oxygen in plant biomass. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2153-2173. [PMID: 35554604 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.20.260372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introductory biology lessons around the world typically teach that plants absorb water through their roots, but, unfortunately, absorption of water through leaves and subsequent transport and use of this water for biomass formation remains a field limited mostly to specialists. Recent studies have identified foliar water uptake as a significant net water source for terrestrial plants. The growing interest in the development of a new model that includes both foliar water uptake (in liquid form) and root water uptake to explain hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in leaf water and tree rings demands a method for distinguishing between these two water sources. Therefore, in this study, I have devised a new labelling method that utilizes two different water sources, one enriched in deuterium (HDO + D2O; δD = 7.0 × 10 4‰, δ18O = 4.1‰) and one enriched in oxygen-18 (H218O; δD = -85‰, δ18O = 1.1 × 104‰), to simultaneously label both foliar-absorbed and root-absorbed water and quantify their relative contributions to plant biomass. Using this new method, I here present evidence that, in the case of well-watered Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, hydrogen and oxygen incorporated into new leaf cellulose in the rainy season derives mostly from foliar-absorbed water (69% from foliar-absorbed water and 31% from root-absorbed water), while that of new root cellulose derives mostly from root-absorbed water (20% from foliar-absorbed water and 80% from root-absorbed water), and new branch xylem is somewhere in between (55% from foliar-absorbed water and 45% from root-absorbed water). The dual-labelling method first implemented in this study enables separate and simultaneous labelling of foliar-absorbed and root-absorbed water and offers a new tool to study the uptake, transport and assimilation processes of these waters in terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kagawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Wood Anatomy and Quality Laboratory, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
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Gimeno TE, Stangl ZR, Barbeta A, Saavedra N, Wingate L, Devert N, Marshall JD. Water taken up through the bark is detected in the transpiration stream in intact upper-canopy branches. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3219-3232. [PMID: 35922889 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alternative water uptake pathways through leaves and bark complement water supply with interception, fog or dew. Bark water-uptake contributes to embolism-repair, as demonstrated in cut branches. We tested whether bark water-uptake could also contribute to supplement xylem-water for transpiration. We applied bandages injected with 2 H-enriched water on intact upper-canopy branches of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in a boreal and in a temperate forest, in summer and winter, and monitored transpiration and online isotopic composition (δ2 H and δ18 O) of water vapour, before sampling for analyses of δ2 H and δ18 O in tissue waters. Xylem, bark and leaf waters from segments downstream from the bandages were 2 H-enriched whereas δ18 O was similar to controls. Transpiration was positively correlated with 2 H-enrichment. Isotopic compositions of transpiration and xylem water allowed us to calculate isotopic exchange through the bark via vapour exchange, which was negligible in comparison to estimated bark water-uptake, suggesting that water-uptake occurred via liquid phase. Results were consistent across species, forests and seasons, indicating that bark water-uptake may be more ubiquitous than previously considered. We suggest that water taken up through the bark could be incorporated into the transpiration stream, which could imply that sap-flow measurements underestimate transpiration when bark is wet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Gimeno
- CREAF, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
| | - Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Adrià Barbeta
- BEECA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noelia Saavedra
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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Cavallaro A, Carbonell-Silletta L, Burek A, Goldstein G, Scholz FG, Bucci SJ. Leaf surface traits contributing to wettability, water interception and uptake of above-ground water sources in shrubs of Patagonian arid ecosystems. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:409-418. [PMID: 35325023 PMCID: PMC9486909 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ecohydrological significance of leaf wetting due to atmospheric water in arid and semiarid ecosystems is not well understood. In these environments, the inputs of precipitation or dew formation resulting in leaf wetting have positive effects on plant functioning. However, its impact on plant water relations may depend on the degree of leaf surface wettability. In this study we evaluated leaf wettability and other leaf traits and its effects on foliar water uptake and canopy interception in plant species of a Patagonian steppe. We also studied how leaf traits affecting wettability vary seasonally from growing to dry season. METHODS Contact angle of a water droplet with the leaf surface, water adhesion, droplet retention angle, stomatal density, cuticular conductance, canopy interception and maximum foliar water uptake were determined in six dominant shrub species. KEY RESULTS All species increased leaf wettability during the dry season and most species were considered highly wettable. The leaf surface had very high capacity to store and retain water. We found a negative correlation between foliar water uptake and leaf hydrophilia. CONCLUSIONS Despite the diversity of life forms, including cushion shrubs and tall shrubs, as well as phenological variability, all species converged in similar seasonal changes in leaf traits that favour wettability. Intercepted water by crowns and the extremely high capacity of retention of droplets on leaf surfaces can have a significant impact on eco-hydrological process in water limited ecosystems where most of water sources during the growing and the dry season may be small rainfall events or dew, which do not always increase soil water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Cavallaro
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Luisina Carbonell-Silletta
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Antonella Burek
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA, CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires), 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Fabián G Scholz
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
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Ren G, Hu Q, Ye J, Hu A, Lü J, Zhou S. All-Biobased Hydrovoltaic-Photovoltaic Electricity Generators for All-Weather Energy Harvesting. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9873203. [PMID: 36082209 PMCID: PMC9429978 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9873203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hygroelectricity generators (HEGs) utilize the latent heat stored in environmental moisture for electricity generation, but nevertheless are showing relatively low power densities due to their weak energy harvesting capacities. Inspired by epiphytes that absorb ambient moisture and concurrently capture sunlight for dynamic photosynthesis, we propose herein a scenario of all-biobased hydrovoltaic-photovoltaic electricity generators (HPEGs) that integrate photosystem II (PSII) with Geobacter sulfurreducens (G.s) for simultaneous energy harvesting from both moisture and sunlight. This proof of concept illustrates that the all-biobased HPEG generates steady hygroelectricity induced by moisture absorption and meanwhile creates a photovoltaic electric field which further strengthens electricity generation under sunlight. Under environmental conditions, the synergic hydrovoltaic-photovoltaic effect in HPEGs has resulted in a continuous output power with a high density of 1.24 W/m2, surpassing all HEGs reported hitherto. This work thus provides a feasible strategy for boosting electricity generation via simultaneous energy harvesting from ambient moisture and sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qichang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Andong Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Lü
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) is a mechanism that enables plants to acquire water from the atmosphere through their leaves. As mangroves live in a saline sediment water environment, the mechanism of FWU might be of vital importance to acquire freshwater and grow. The goal of this study was to assess the FWU capacity of six different mangrove species belonging to four genera using a series of submersion experiments in which the leaf mass increase was measured and expressed per unit leaf area. The foliar water uptake capacity differed between species with the highest and lowest average water uptake in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (1.52 ± 0.48 mg H2O cm−2) and Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. (0.13 ± 0.06 mg H2O cm−2), respectively. Salt-excreting species showed a higher FWU capacity than non-excreting species. Moreover, A. marina, a salt-excreting species, showed a distinct leaf anatomical trait, i.e., trichomes, which were not observed in the other species and might be involved in the water absorption process. The storage of leaves in moist Ziplock bags prior to measurement caused leaf water uptake to already occur during transport to the field station, which proportionately increased the leaf water potential (A. marina: −0.31 ± 0.13 MPa and B. gymnorhiza: −2.70 ± 0.27 MPa). This increase should be considered when performing best practice leaf water potential measurements but did not affect the quantification of FWU capacity because of the water potential gradient between a leaf and the surrounding water during submersion. Our results highlight the differences that exist in FWU capacity between species residing in the same area and growing under the same environmental conditions. This comparative study therefore enhances our understanding of mangrove species’ functioning.
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Merrium S, Ali Z, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Hakeem S, Khalid MA. Leaf rolling and leaf angle improve fog capturing and transport in wheat; adaptation for drought stress in an arid climate. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 35575940 PMCID: PMC9110575 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants use different mechanisms to transport the collected fog water. Leaf traits of wheat play an important role in directing fog water through leaf rolling and leaf angle into the root zone, where it can be stored for consumption. Wheat leaf traits can enhance fog capturing under drought stress. To examine this, 200 wheat genotypes were characterized for leaf rolling and leaf angle under optimal conditions in the field using a randomized complete block design. Seven different phenotypic combinations for leaf traits were observed. A core set of 44 genotypes was evaluated under drought stress. RESULTS Results show that variability for leaf traits existed among genotypes. An association was found between leaf rolling and leaf angle, moisture capturing, physiological parameters, and yield contributing traits using correlation. Physiological parameters, especially water use efficiency, were positively correlated with grain yield and moisture capturing at both growth stages. The genotypes (G11 at tillering and G24 at booting phonological phases) with inward to twisting type rolling and erect to semi-erect leaf angle capture more water (12-20%) within the root zone. Twenty-one genotypes were selected based on moisture capturing efficiency and evaluated for leaf surface wettability. Association was found between fog capturing and wettability. This shows that it was due to the leaf repellency validated from static contact angle measurements. CONCLUSION These results will give insights into fog capturing and the development of drought-tolerant crops in the semi-arid and arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Khalid
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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Ali Z, Merrium S, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Hakeem S, Saddique MAB, Sher MA. Wetting mechanism and morphological adaptation; leaf rolling enhancing atmospheric water acquisition in wheat crop-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30967-30985. [PMID: 35102510 PMCID: PMC9054867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species such as grasses are dominant in many habitats including arid and semi-arid areas. These species survive in these regions by developing exclusive structures, which helps in the collection of atmospheric water. Before the collected water evaporates, these structures have unique canopy structure for water transportation that plays an equivalent share in the fog-harvesting mechanism. In this review, the atmospheric gaseous water harvesting mechanisms and their affinity of measurements were discussed. Morphological adaptations and their role in the capturing of atmospheric gaseous water of various species were also discussed. The key factor for the water collection and its conduction in the wheat plant is the information of contact angle hysteresis. In wheat, leaf rolling and its association with wetting property help the plant in water retention. Morphological adaptations, i.e., leaf erectness, grooves, and prickle hairs, also help in the collection and acquisition of water droplets by stem flows in directional guide toward the base of the plant and allow its rapid uptake. Morphological adaptation strengthens the harvesting mechanism by preventing the loss of water through shattering. Thus, wheat canopy architecture can be modified to harvest the atmospheric water and directional movement of water towards the root zone for self-irrigation. Moreover, these morphological adaptations are also linked with drought avoidance and corresponding physiological processes to resist water stress. The combination of these traits together with water use efficiency in wheat contributes to a highly efficient atmospheric water harvesting system that enables the wheat plants to reduce the cost of production. It also increases the yielding potential of the crop in arid and semi-arid environments. Further investigating the ecophysiology and molecular pathways of these morphological adaptations in wheat may have significant applications in varying climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Sher
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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Schreel JDM, Brodersen C, De Schryver T, Dierick M, Rubinstein A, Dewettinck K, Boone MN, Van Hoorebeke L, Steppe K. Foliar water uptake does not contribute to embolism repair in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:555-566. [PMID: 35141741 PMCID: PMC9007097 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Foliar water uptake has recently been suggested as a possible mechanism for the restoration of hydraulically dysfunctional xylem vessels. In this paper we used a combination of ecophysiological measurements, X-ray microcomputed tomography and cryo-scanning electron microscopy during a drought treatment to fully evaluate this hypothesis. KEY RESULTS Based on an assessment of these methods in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings we were able to (1) confirm an increase in the amount of hydraulically redistributed water absorbed by leaves when the soil water potential decreased, and (2) locate this redistributed water in hydraulically active vessels in the stem. However, (3) no embolism repair was observed irrespective of the organ under investigation (i.e. stem, petiole or leaf) or the intensity of drought. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for a hydraulic pathway from the leaf surface to the stem xylem following a water potential gradient, but this pathway exists only in functional vessels and does not play a role in embolism repair for beech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D M Schreel
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Dewettinck
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Experimental manipulation of biotic and abiotic parameters changes the outcome of insect-plant interactions. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Gotsch SG, Williams CB, Bicaba R, Cruz-de Hoyos R, Darby A, Davidson K, Dix M, Duarte V, Glunk A, Green L, Ferguson B, Muñoz-Elizondo K, Murray JG, Picado-Fallas I, Nӕsborg R, Dawson TE, Nadkarni N. Trade-offs between succulent and non-succulent epiphytes underlie variation in drought tolerance and avoidance. Oecologia 2022; 198:645-661. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Lenz AK, Bauer U, Ruxton GD. An ecological perspective on water shedding from leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1176-1189. [PMID: 34727175 PMCID: PMC8866647 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Water shedding from leaves is a complex process depending on multiple leaf traits interacting with rain, wind, and air humidity, and with the entire plant and surrounding vegetation. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of the physics of water shedding with implications for plant physiology and ecology. We argue that the drop retention angle is a more meaningful parameter to characterize the water-shedding capacity of leaves than the commonly measured static contact angle. The understanding of the mechanics of water shedding is largely derived from laboratory experiments on artificial rather than natural surfaces, often on individual aspects such as surface wettability or drop impacts. In contrast, field studies attempting to identify the adaptive value of leaf traits linked to water shedding are largely correlative in nature, with inconclusive results. We make a strong case for taking the hypothesis-driven experimental approach of biomechanical laboratory studies into a real-world field setting to gain a comprehensive understanding of leaf water shedding in a whole-plant ecological and evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristin Lenz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ulrike Bauer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK
| | - Graeme D Ruxton
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dryers Brae, Greenside Place, St Andrews, UK
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37
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Tian C, Du K, Wang L, Zhang X, Li F, Jiao W, Beysens D, Kaseke KF, Medici MG. Stable isotope variations of dew under three different climates. Sci Data 2022; 9:50. [PMID: 35165314 PMCID: PMC8844405 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a supplementary or the only water source in dry regions, dew plays a critical role in the survival of organisms. The new hydrological tracer 17O-excess, with almost sole dependence on relative humidity, provides a new way to distinguish the evaporation processes and reconstruct the paleoclimate. Up to now, there is no published daily dew isotope record on δ2H, δ18O, δ17O, d-excess, and 17O-excess. Here, we collected daily dew between July 2014 and April 2018 from three distinct climatic regions (i.e., Gobabeb in the central Namib Desert with desert climate, Nice in France with Mediterranean climate, and Indianapolis in the central United States with humid continental climate). The δ2H, δ18O, and δ17O of dew were simultaneously analyzed using a Triple Water Vapor Isotope Analyzer based on Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy technique, and then d-excess and 17O-excess were calculated. This report presents daily dew isotope dataset under three climatic regions. It is useful for researchers to use it as a reference when studying global dew dynamics and dew formation mechanisms. Measurement(s) | stable isotope variation • dew | Technology Type(s) | water vapour isotope analysis | Factor Type(s) | climate • temporal interval | Sample Characteristic - Environment | desert climate • Mediterranean climate • humid continental climate | Sample Characteristic - Location | Namib Desert • Nice • Indianapolis |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19070114
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Yan X, Chang Y, Zhao W, Qian C, Yin X, Fan X, Zhu X, Zhao X, Ma XF. Transcriptome profiling reveals that foliar water uptake occurs with C 3 and crassulacean acid metabolism facultative photosynthesis in Tamarix ramosissima under extreme drought. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plab060. [PMID: 35047161 PMCID: PMC8763614 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tamarix ramosissima is a typical desert plant species that is widely distributed in the desert areas of Northwest China. It plays a significant role in sand fixation and soil water conservation. In particular, how it uses water to survive in the desert plays an important role in plant growth and ecosystem function. Previous studies have revealed that T. ramosissima can alleviate drought by absorbing water from its leaves under extreme drought conditions. To date, there is no clear molecular regulation mechanism to explain foliar water uptake (FWU). In the present study, we correlated diurnal meteorological data, sap flow and photosynthetic parameters to determine the physical and biological characteristics of FWU. Our results suggested that the lesser the groundwater, the easier it is for T. ramosissima to absorb water via the leaves. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of the transcriptome profile of plants subjected to high humidity suggested that FWU was highly correlated to carbohydrate metabolism, energy transfer, pyruvate metabolism, hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction. Interestingly, as a C3 plant, genes such as PEPC, PPDK, MDH and RuBP, which are involved in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, were highly upregulated and accompanied by FWU. Therefore, we proposed that in the case of sufficient water supply, C3 photosynthesis is used in T. ramosissima, whereas in cases of extreme drought, starch is degraded to provide CO2 for CAM photosynthesis to make full use of the water obtained via FWU and the water that was transported or stored to assimilating branches and stems. This study may provide not only an important theoretical foundation for FWU and conversion from C3 plants to CAM plants but also for engineering improved photosynthesis in high-yield drought-tolerant plants and mitigation of climate change-driven drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Inland River Ecohydrology, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoju Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangqiang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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Tomasella M, Natale S, Petruzzellis F, Di Bert S, D’Amico L, Tromba G, Nardini A. No Evidence for Light-Induced Embolism Repair in Cut Stems of Drought-Resistant Mediterranean Species under Soaking. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030307. [PMID: 35161287 PMCID: PMC8840644 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Recent studies suggested that stem photosynthesis could favor bark water uptake and embolism recovery when stem segments are soaked in water under light conditions, but evidence for this phenomenon in drought-resistant Mediterranean species with photosynthetic stems is missing. (2) Embolism recovery upon immersion in water for 2 h–4 h under light was assessed (i) via a classical hydraulic method in leafless Fraxinus ornus and Olea europaea branch segments stressed to xylem water potentials (Yxyl) inducing ca. 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and (ii) via X-ray micro-CT imaging of the stem segments of drought-stressed potted F. ornus saplings. Hydraulic recovery was also assessed in vivo in intact drought-stressed F. ornus saplings upon soil re-irrigation. (3) Intact F. ornus plants recovered hydraulic function through root water uptake. Conversely, the soaked stem segments of both species did not refill embolized conduits, although Yxyl recovered to pre-stress levels (between −0.5 MPa and −0.2 MPa). (4) We hypothesize that xylem embolism recovery through bark water uptake, even in light conditions, may not be a common phenomenon in woody plants and/or that wounds caused by cutting short stem segments might inhibit the refilling process upon soaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tomasella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.T.); (S.N.); (F.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Sara Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.T.); (S.N.); (F.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Francesco Petruzzellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.T.); (S.N.); (F.P.); (S.D.B.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via delle Scienze 91, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Di Bert
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.T.); (S.N.); (F.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Lorenzo D’Amico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy (G.T.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy (G.T.)
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.T.); (S.N.); (F.P.); (S.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Prats KA, Brodersen CR. Desiccation and rehydration dynamics in the epiphytic resurrection fern Pleopeltis polypodioides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1501-1518. [PMID: 34618062 PMCID: PMC8566288 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The epiphytic resurrection-or desiccation-tolerant (DT)-fern Pleopeltis polypodioides can survive extreme desiccation and recover physiological activity within hours of rehydration. Yet, how epiphytic DT ferns coordinate between deterioration and recovery of their hydraulic and photosynthetic systems remains poorly understood. We examined the functional status of the leaf vascular system, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic rate during desiccation and rehydration of P. polypodioides. Xylem tracheids in the stipe embolized within 3-4 h during dehydration. When the leaf and rhizome received water, tracheids refilled after ∼24 h, which occurred along with dramatic structural changes in the stele. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence recovered to predesiccation values within 12 h of rehydration, regardless of whether fronds were connected to their rhizome. Our data show that the epiphytic DT fern P. polypodioides can utilize foliar water uptake to rehydrate the leaf mesophyll and recover photosynthesis despite a broken hydraulic connection to the rhizome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra A Prats
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Author for communication:
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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41
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Boanares D, Bueno A, de Souza AX, Kozovits AR, Sousa HC, Pimenta LPS, Isaias RMDS, França MGC. Cuticular wax composition contributes to different strategies of foliar water uptake in six plant species from foggy rupestrian grassland in tropical mountains. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112894. [PMID: 34364088 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is the outermost region of the epidermal cell wall of plant aerial organs. The cuticle acts as a two-way lipid barrier for water diffusion; therefore, it plays a vital role in foliar water uptake (FWU). We hypothesised that the chemical composition of the cuticular waxes influences the FWU strategy that plants adopt in a foggy tropical ecosystem. We analysed the leaf cuticular waxes of six plant species known by their different FWU strategies, in both qualitative and quantitative approaches, to test this hypothesis. We also investigated the fine structure of the plant cuticle by scanning electron microscopy. Neither the total wax loads nor the amounts of single wax compound classes correlated to the FWU. In contrast, the qualitative chemical composition of the cuticular waxes was related to the water absorption speed but not to the maximum water absorbed. The presence of wax crystals might interfere with the FWU. Our findings suggest that a complex three-dimensional network of the cuticular compounds contributes to different strategies of FWU in six plant species from foggy tropical mountaintops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boanares
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Amauri Bueno
- University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, Chair of Botany II - Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Aline Xavier de Souza
- University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, Chair of Botany II - Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Hildeberto Caldas Sousa
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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42
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Bryant C, Fuenzalida TI, Zavafer A, Nguyen HT, Brothers N, Harris RJ, Beckett HAA, Holmlund HI, Binks O, Ball MC. Foliar water uptake via cork warts in mangroves of the Sonneratia genus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2925-2937. [PMID: 34118083 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) occurs in plants of diverse ecosystems; however, the diversity of pathways and their associated FWU kinetics remain poorly resolved. We characterized a novel FWU pathway in two mangrove species of the Sonneratia genus, S. alba and S. caseolaris. Further, we assessed the influence of leaf wetting duration, wet-dry seasonality and leaf dehydration on leaf conductance to surface water (Ksurf ). The symplastic tracer dye, disodium fluorescein, revealed living cells subtending and encircling leaf epidermal structures known as cork warts as a pathway of FWU entry into the leaf. Rehydration kinetics experiments revealed a novel mode of FWU, with slow and steady rates of water uptake persistent over a duration of 12 hr. Ksurf increased with longer durations of leaf wetting and was greater in leaves with more negative water potentials at the initiation of leaf wetting. Ksurf declined by 68% between wet and dry seasons. Our results suggest that FWU via cork warts in Sonneratia sp. may be rate limited and under active regulation. We conclude that FWU pathways in halophytes may require ion exclusion to avoid uptake of salt when inundated, paralleling the capacity of halophyte roots for ion selectivity during water acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Bryant
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tomas I Fuenzalida
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alonso Zavafer
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nigel Brothers
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rosalie J Harris
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Holly A A Beckett
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen I Holmlund
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Pepperdine University, Natural Science Division, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Oliver Binks
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Coopman RE, Nguyen HT, Mencuccini M, Oliveira RS, Sack L, Lovelock CE, Ball MC. Harvesting water from unsaturated atmospheres: deliquescence of salt secreted onto leaf surfaces drives reverse sap flow in a dominant arid climate mangrove, Avicennia marina. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1401-1414. [PMID: 33983649 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mangrove Avicennia marina adjusts internal salt concentrations by foliar salt secretion. Deliquescence of accumulated salt causes leaf wetting that may provide a water source for salt-secreting plants in arid coastal wetlands where high nocturnal humidity can usually support deliquescence whereas rainfall events are rare. We tested the hypotheses that salt deliquescence on leaf surfaces can drive top-down rehydration, and that such absorption of moisture from unsaturated atmospheres makes a functional contribution to dry season shoot water balances. Sap flow and water relations were monitored to assess the uptake of atmospheric water by branches during shoot wetting events under natural and manipulated microclimatic conditions. Reverse sap flow rates increased with increasing relative humidity from 70% to 89%, consistent with function of salt deliquescence in harvesting moisture from unsaturated atmospheres. Top-down rehydration elevated branch water potentials above those possible from root water uptake, subsidising transpiration rates and reducing branch vulnerability to hydraulic failure in the subsequent photoperiod. Absorption of atmospheric moisture harvested through deliquescence of salt on leaf surfaces enhances water balances of Avicennia marina growing in hypersaline wetlands under arid climatic conditions. Top-down rehydration from these frequent, low intensity wetting events contributes to prevention of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Coopman
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Ecophysiology Laboratory for Forest Conservation, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, CP6109, Brazil
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Gerlein-Safdi C. Seeing dew deposition from satellites: leveraging microwave remote sensing for the study of water dynamics in and on plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:5-7. [PMID: 34060665 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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45
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Guzmán-Delgado P, Laca E, Zwieniecki MA. Unravelling foliar water uptake pathways: The contribution of stomata and the cuticle. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1728-1740. [PMID: 33665817 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants can absorb water through their leaf surfaces, a phenomenon commonly referred to as foliar water uptake (FWU). Despite the physiological importance of FWU, the pathways and mechanisms underlying the process are not well known. Using a novel experimental approach, we parsed out the contribution of the stomata and the cuticle to FWU in two species with Mediterranean (Prunus dulcis) and temperate (Pyrus communis) origin. The hydraulic parameters of FWU were derived by analysing mass and water potential changes of leaves placed in a fog chamber. Leaves were previously treated with abscisic acid to force stomata to remain closed, with fusicoccin to remain open, and with water (control). Leaves with open stomata rehydrated two times faster than leaves with closed stomata and attained approximately three times higher maximum fluxes and hydraulic conductance. Based on FWU rates, we propose that rehydration through stomata occurs primarily via diffusion of water vapour rather than in liquid form even when leaf surfaces are covered with a water film. We discuss the potential mechanisms of FWU and the significance of both stomatal and cuticular pathways for plant productivity and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guzmán-Delgado
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Emilio Laca
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maciej A Zwieniecki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Waseem M, Nie ZF, Yao GQ, Hasan M, Xiang Y, Fang XW. Dew absorption by leaf trichomes in Caragana korshinskii: An alternative water acquisition strategy for withstanding drought in arid environments. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:528-539. [PMID: 33452683 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Investigating plant morphological traits can provide insights into plant drought tolerance. To date, many papers have focused on plant hydraulic responses to drought during dehydration, but atmospheric water absorption by trichomes to mitigate drought stress by influencing leaf hydraulics in plant species that inhabit arid environments has been largely ignored. The experiment in this study was designed to assess how dew absorbed by leaf trichomes helps Caragana korshinskii withstand drought. The results showed that under a drought stress and dew (DS & D) treatment, C. korshinskii displayed a strong capacity to absorb dew with trichomes; exhibited slow decreases in leaf water potential (Ψleaf ), leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf ), and gas exchange; experienced 50% Kleaf and gas exchange losses at lower relative soil water content levels than plants treated with drought stress and no dew (DS & ND); and experienced 50% Kleaf loss (Kleaf P50 ) at similar Ψleaf levels as DS & ND plants. Its congener C. sinica, which does not have leaf trichomes, displayed little ability to absorb dew under drought stress and did not show any remarkable improvement in the above parameters under the DS & D treatment. Our results indicated that leaf trichomes are important epidermal dew-uptake structures that assist in partially sustaining the leaf hydraulic assimilation system, mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress and contribute to the distribution of C. korshinskii in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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47
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Mejia-Chang M, Reyes-Garcia C, Seibt U, Royles J, Meyer MT, Jones GD, Winter K, Arnedo M, Griffiths H. Leaf water δ 18O reflects water vapour exchange and uptake by C 3 and CAM epiphytic bromeliads in Panama. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:732-742. [PMID: 34099101 DOI: 10.1071/fp21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of CAM and C3 epiphytic bromeliads across an altitudinal gradient in western Panama were identified from carbon isotope (δ13C) signals, and epiphyte water balance was investigated via oxygen isotopes (δ18O) across wet and dry seasons. There were significant seasonal differences in leaf water (δ18Olw), precipitation, stored 'tank' water and water vapour. Values of δ18Olw were evaporatively enriched at low altitude in the dry season for the C3 epiphytes, associated with low relative humidity (RH) during the day. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) δ18Olw values were relatively depleted, consistent with water vapour uptake during gas exchange under high RH at night. At high altitude, cloudforest locations, C3 δ18Olw also reflected water vapour uptake by day. A mesocosm experiment with Tillandsia fasciculata (CAM) and Werauhia sanguinolenta (C3) was combined with simulations using a non-steady-state oxygen isotope leaf water model. For both C3 and CAM bromeliads, δ18Olw became progressively depleted under saturating water vapour by day and night, although evaporative enrichment was restored in the C3 W. sanguinolenta under low humidity by day. Source water in the overlapping leaf base 'tank' was also modified by evaporative δ18O exchanges. The results demonstrate how stable isotopes in leaf water provide insights for atmospheric water vapour exchanges for both C3 and CAM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mejia-Chang
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Casandra Reyes-Garcia
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Num. 130 Churburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, 97200, México
| | - Ulli Seibt
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Royles
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Moritz T Meyer
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Glyn D Jones
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Fac. Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Corresponding author.
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48
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Still CJ, Rastogi B, Page GFM, Griffith DM, Sibley A, Schulze M, Hawkins L, Pau S, Detto M, Helliker BR. Imaging canopy temperature: shedding (thermal) light on ecosystem processes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1746-1753. [PMID: 33666251 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Canopy temperature Tcan is a key driver of plant function that emerges as a result of interacting biotic and abiotic processes and properties. However, understanding controls on Tcan and forecasting canopy responses to weather extremes and climate change are difficult due to sparse measurements of Tcan at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Burgeoning observations of Tcan from thermal cameras enable evaluation of energy budget theory and better understanding of how environmental controls, leaf traits and canopy structure influence temperature patterns. The canopy scale is relevant for connecting to remote sensing and testing biosphere model predictions. We anticipate that future breakthroughs in understanding of ecosystem responses to climate change will result from multiscale observations of Tcan across a range of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Still
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Bharat Rastogi
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Gerald F M Page
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Dan M Griffith
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adam Sibley
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Mark Schulze
- H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon State University, Blue River, OR, 97413, USA
| | - Linnia Hawkins
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Stephanie Pau
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Brent R Helliker
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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49
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Hill AJ, Dawson TE, Dody A, Rachmilevitch S. Dew water-uptake pathways in Negev desert plants: a study using stable isotope tracers. Oecologia 2021; 196:353-361. [PMID: 34008141 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dew is an important water resource for plants in most deserts. The mechanism that allows desert plants to use dew water was studied using an isotopic water tracer approach. Most plants use water directly from the soil; the roots transfer the water to the rest of the plant, where it is required for all metabolic functions. However, many plants can also take up water into their leaves and stems. Examining the dew water uptake pathways in desert plants can lend insight on another all water-use pathways examination. We determined where and how dew water enters plants in the water limited Negev desert. Highly depleted isotopic water was sprayed on three different dominant plant species of the Negev desert-Artemesia sieberi, Salsola inermis and Haloxylon scoparium-and its entry into the plant was followed. Water was sprayed onto the soil only, or on the leaves/stems only (with soil covered to prevent water entry via root uptake). Thereafter, the isotopic composition of water in the roots and stems were measured at various time points. The results show that each plant species used the dew water to a different extent, and we obtained evidence of foliar uptake capacity of dew water that varied depending on the microenvironmental conditions. A. sieberi took up the greatest amount of dew water through both stems and roots, S. inermis took up dew water mainly from the roots, and H. scoparium showed the least dew capture overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Hill
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben Gurion, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Avraham Dody
- Geography and Environmental Developing Department, Ben Gurion University, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben Gurion, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel
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50
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Losada JM, Díaz M, Holbrook NM. Idioblasts and peltate hairs as distribution networks for water absorbed by xerophilous leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1346-1360. [PMID: 33347627 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Capparis odoratissima is a tree species native to semi-arid environments of South America where low soil water availability coexists with frequent night-time fog. A previous study showed that water applied to leaf surfaces enhanced leaf hydration, photosynthesis and growth, but the mechanisms of foliar water uptake are unknown. Here, we combine detailed anatomical evaluations with water and dye uptake experiments in the laboratory, and use immunolocalization of pectin and arabinogalactan protein epitopes to characterize water uptake pathways in leaves. Abaxially, the leaves of C. odoratissima are covered with peltate hairs, while the adaxial surfaces are glabrous. Both surfaces are able to absorb condensed water, but the abaxial surface has higher rates of water uptake. Thousands of idioblasts per cm2 , a higher density than stomata, connect the adaxial leaf surface and the abaxial peltate hairs, both of which contain hygroscopic substances such as arabinogalactan proteins and pectins. The highly specialized anatomy of the leaves of C odoratissima fulfils the dual function of minimizing water loss when stomata are closed, while maintaining the ability to absorb liquid water. Cell-wall related hygroscopic compounds in the peltate hairs and idioblasts create a network of microchannels that maintain leaf hydration and promote water uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miriam Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecología y Zonas Áridas (CIEZA), Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Coro, Venezuela
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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