1
|
Skinner K, Ratelle M, Brandow D, Furgal C, Boyd A, Laird B. Awareness and perceptions of contaminants in the Dehcho and sahtú regions of the Northwest Territories. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2387381. [PMID: 39097940 PMCID: PMC11299443 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2387381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The development and dissemination of health messaging is a critical component of reducing health disparities. Participants (n = 87) from a human biomonitoring study in six Dene communities responded to a survey about health communication regarding contaminants. The survey included questions on awareness of health messages and risk perceptions related to country foods and contaminants. The vast majority of participants reported eating country foods (99%) and heard that country foods had beneficial nutrients (90%). Seventy per cent of respondents had heard or seen messages about fish with high levels of mercury, and 60% had concerns about the safety or quality of country foods they consumed. Respondents who reported decreasing the number of fish they ate since hearing the messages about fish and mercury had lower (p = 0.04) mercury concentration in hair, compared to those who had not heard the messages. However, no differences in hair mercury were observed for respondents who reported to have changed their fishing location, chosen smaller fish or eaten less predatory fish since hearing the messages. Results indicate the need to examine reasons for self-reported behaviour changes, in addition to awareness. The conclusions of this study can inform the development of messaging and risk management decisions about contaminants within Indigenous populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mylene Ratelle
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danielle Brandow
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Christopher Furgal
- Indigenous Environmental Studies and Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Amanda Boyd
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, USA
| | - Brian Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang M, Guo Z, Xu Y, Yu G, Li Y. How state mindfulness affects mobile phones usage while walking: A daily diary study in China. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2024; 90:216-224. [PMID: 39251281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pedestrians are a particularly vulnerable group of road users. Mobile phone usage while walking (MPUWW) is a significant contributor to pedestrians' involvement in road crashes and associated injuries. The current study aims to explore the effect of state mindfulness on daily MPUWW via phone dependence (at the within-person level), and the moderating role of risk perception (at the between-person level) in the phone dependence-MPUWW relationship. METHOD We utilized a fine-grained method, the daily diary methodology (DDM) to explore the aforementioned model. A total of 88 Chinese college students participated in a consecutive 12-day study, yielding 632 daily data. Unconflated multilevel modeling was used to analyze the data. RESULTS After trait mindfulness being controlled, state mindfulness has a negative impact on MPUWW via phone dependence at the daily level. Furthermore, risk perception as an individual difference variable moderates the relationship between phone dependence and MPUWW, in which a weaker effect observed in individuals with higher levels of risk perception. CONCLUSIONS State mindfulness can decrease the frequency of daily MPUWW by reducing phone dependence, and risk perception is a crucial factor in mitigating the negative effects of phone dependence on MPUWW. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS To lower MPUWW and thereby minimize the risk of road crashes and associated injuries, it is beneficial to foster present-moment awareness of individuals, encourage individuals to use mobile phones in a balanced and sensible manner, and integrate the enhancement of risk perception into road safety education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Wang
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China.
| | - Zitong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yaoshan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Guangtao Yu
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glynn TR, Kirakosian N, Stanton AM, Westphal LL, Fitch C, McKetchnie SM, O'Cleirigh C. A Longitudinal Examination of HIV Risk Perception Accuracy among Sexual Minority Men with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:3103-3111. [PMID: 38856844 PMCID: PMC11390329 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) with history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at high risk for HIV acquisition. One reason is posttraumatic responses compromise ability to accurately appraise risk for danger/vulnerability. Health behavior change models and related interventions assume risk perception can be changed in an enduring manner. Given paucity of studies examining how risk perception changes or sustains over time post-intervention, this underlying assumption is not confirmed. Among this particularly high-risk group who struggle with perceiving risk due to trauma-related cognitions, it may be accuracy of risk perception is fluid. The study primarily aimed to examine accuracy of HIV risk perception over time post-HIV prevention behavioral intervention. Leveraging data from a larger RCT, N = 190 MSM in Boston, MA and Miami, FL USA completed a psychosocial baseline assessment, an intervention aimed to increase awareness of personal HIV risk level, then four follow-up assessments three months apart for a year. Linear mixed effect models were used to examine the degree to which accuracy of HIV risk perception (vs. traditional construct of risk perception with no information about accuracy) predicts sex risk behavior over time delineated by between-person (trait level) and within-person (state level) effects. Majority (92%) of participants fluctuated in HIV risk accuracy over time post-intervention. Within-person risk accuracy (one's accuracy at any given timepoint) predicted sex risk behavior (condomless sex not protected by adherent PrEP) over time, but not between-person (one's average of accuracy). Findings have implications for intervention and counseling related to specific HIV prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Glynn
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Norik Kirakosian
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Amelia M Stanton
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Calvin Fitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carballo RR, León CJ, Carballo MM. A longitudinal analysis of the effects of COVID-19 on tourists' health risk perceptions. Soc Sci Med 2024; 357:117230. [PMID: 39153236 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic provoked a large impact on tourism because of the enforcement of harsh travel restrictions and the increased global health risks caused by international mobility. This paper utilizes a longitudinal analysis to tests the impact of COVID-19 on tourists' health risk perceptions, and their relationships with destination image perception and visiting intentions. Tourists are surveyed at two different points of time, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Multi-group structural equation modeling is utilized for the comparison of the relationships at the two points of time. The results show that the negative influence of health risk perceptions on destination image perception and visiting intentions are significantly larger after the COVID-19 pandemic while there are no significant differences in the impact of destination image perception on visiting intentions. Thus, not only are tourists more sensitive to health risk perceptions after COVID-19, but this higher sensitivity has larger impacts both on their perceptions of destination image and on the behavioural implication. The results have useful implications in terms of the need to dedicate more efforts for the management of health conditions of destinations after COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita R Carballo
- University Institute of Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development-TIDES, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, CP35017, LPGC. FEET. D3.09, Canary Island, Spain.
| | - Carmelo J León
- University Institute of Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development-TIDES, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, CP35017, LPGC. FEET. D3.09, Canary Island, Spain.
| | - María M Carballo
- University Institute of Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development-TIDES, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, CP35017, LPGC. FEET. D3.09, Canary Island, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chassang I, Rohmer O, Chauvin B. Cultural values, risk characteristics, and risk perceptions of controversial issues: How does cultural theory work? RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 39210832 DOI: 10.1111/risa.17636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cultural theory and the psychometric paradigm are two frameworks proposed to explain risk perceptions, mostly used independently of each other. On the one hand, psychometric research identified key characteristics of hazards responsible for their level of perceived riskiness. On the other hand, cultural studies provided evidence that different worldviews lead to divergent perceptions of risk in a way supportive of individuals' cultural values. The purpose of this research was to combine both approaches into mediational models in which cultural values impact risk perceptions of controversial hazards through their influence on the characteristics associated with those hazards. Using data from an online survey completed by 629 French participants, findings indicated specific associations between cultural values and risk characteristics, both of them exhibiting effects on risk perceptions that depend largely on hazardous issues. More specifically, we found that people confer specific characteristics on hazards (common or dreadful, beneficial or costly, affecting few or many people), depending on whether they are hierarchists-individualists, egalitarians, or fatalists; in turn, such characteristics have an impact on the perceived riskiness of hazards such as cannabis, social movement, global warming, genetically modified organisms, nuclear power, public transportation, and coronavirus. Finally, this article discussed the interest of addressing the mechanisms that explain how cultural values shape individuals' perceptions of risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ianis Chassang
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Odile Rohmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Chauvin
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lockie S, Graham V, Taylor B, Baresi U, Maclean K, Paxton G, Vella K. Conceptualizing social risk in relation to climate change and assisted ecosystem adaptation. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 39175371 DOI: 10.1111/risa.17635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Realizing positive social and environmental outcomes from assisted ecosystem adaptation requires the management of complex, uncertain, and ambiguous risks. Using assisted coral reef adaptation as a case study, this article presents a conceptual framework that defines social impacts as the physical and cognitive consequences for people of planned intervention and social risks as potential impacts transformed into objects of management through assessment and governance. Reflecting on its multiple uses in the literature, we consider "social risk" in relation to risks to individuals and communities, risks to First Peoples, risks to businesses or project implementation, possibilities for amplified social vulnerability, and risk perceptions. Although much of this article is devoted to bringing clarity to the different ways in which social risk manifests and to the multiple characters of risk and uncertainty, it is apparent that risk governance itself must be an inherently integrative and social process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Lockie
- The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- School of Sociology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Victoria Graham
- The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Umberto Baresi
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kirsten Maclean
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Gillian Paxton
- The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Karen Vella
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pravednikov A, Perkovic S, Lagerkvist CJ. Main factors influencing the perceived health risk of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: A systematic literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119836. [PMID: 39181297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are linked to rising health issues such as infertility, childhood obesity, and asthma. While some research exists on health risk perceptions of EDCs, a comprehensive understanding across different populations and contexts is needed. We performed a systematic literature review, examining 45 articles published between 1985 and 2023, focusing on both the risk perception of EDCs as a whole as well as individual EDCs found in the environment (e.g., pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates). We identified four major categories of factors influencing EDC risk perception: sociodemographic factors (with age, gender, race, and education as significant determinants), family-related factors (highlighting increased concerns in households with children), cognitive factors (indicating that increased EDC knowledge generally led to increased risk perception), and psychosocial factors (with trust in institutions, worldviews, and health-related concerns as primary determinants). This review highlights the complex nature of EDC risk perception, shaped by sociodemographic, family, cognitive, and psychosocial factors, essential for policymakers in crafting educational and communication strategies. Future research should expand to cover more EDCs, use representative samples, and explore the influence of psychosocial factors on risk perception more deeply.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li P, Lin IK, Chen HS. Low Carbon Sustainable Diet Choices-An Analysis of the Driving Factors behind Plant-Based Egg Purchasing Behavior. Nutrients 2024; 16:2604. [PMID: 39203741 PMCID: PMC11357394 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of escalating climate change, environmental pollution, and global crises, plant-based eggs are a viable solution for environmental conservation and health promotion. This study uses an integrated framework combining value-belief-norm (VBN) theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the factors influencing Taiwanese consumers' inclination towards plant-based eggs. Through convenience sampling, 417 questionnaires were issued and 387 valid responses were received, indicating a 92.8% valid response rate. The analysis indicates that consumers' biospheric and altruistic values significantly enhance their awareness of outcomes, which, coupled with their sense of responsibility, strengthens personal norms. From the TPB perspective, perceived behavioral control is identified as a critical driver of the intention to purchase plant-based eggs, with attitudes and subjective norms playing significant roles. Subjective norms positively impact personal norms, thereby influencing consumers' behavioral intentions. The findings confirm the integrated model's theoretical and practical validity, and offer valuable insights for businesses. By developing adept marketing strategies that consider market dynamics, this study enhances the effectiveness and value of marketing efforts by boosting consumers' engagement with plant-based eggs. These insights contribute to advancing environmental sustainability goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Economics, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China;
| | - I-Kai Lin
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Shen Chen
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Management, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim MK, Lee BE, Chung JB. Exploring the exponential sensitivity of risk perception in the COVID-19 pandemic. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1759-1769. [PMID: 38348895 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Individual's risk perception regarding specific hazards is a dynamic process that evolves over time. This study analyzed the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and the South Korean public's risk perceptions from the outset of the pandemic to the recent past. More than 70 repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted biweekly to measure individuals' risk perception. An autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variable time series analysis was used to characterize the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and level of risk perceptions. It revealed that individuals' risk perception and the number of COVID-19 cases were not linearly related but were logarithmically correlated. This finding can be understood as a psychic numbing effect, suggesting that people's perception of risk is not linear but rather exponentially sensitive to changes. The findings also revealed a significant influence of individuals' trust in local governments on their risk perceptions, highlighting the substantial role played by local governments in direct risk management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Lee
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Bum Chung
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao LL, Chang LC, Lee CK, Lai IJ. College students' perceptions of electronic cigarette risks and benefits: a concept mapping study. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024; 39:398-408. [PMID: 38776131 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is on the rise among young adults, with higher public acceptance than traditional tobacco. A study in Taiwan employed concept mapping to explore risk and benefit perceptions of e-cigarette use among college students. The study involved 100 college students from 11 Taiwanese universities, with 50 being e-cigarette users and 50 non-users. Data collection and analysis were done with the GroupWisdom™ platform. Participants engaged in brainstorming, rating and sorting their perceptions, which were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses. The participants' mean age was 19.24 years, and 55% were male. This process resulted in the identification of 10 clusters encompassing 64 statements, with 3 clusters focused on risk perceptions, 6 on benefit perceptions, and 1 dealing with e-cigarette regulations. Notably, risk perceptions were rated higher than benefit perceptions. Non-users held significantly higher risk perceptions and lower benefit perceptions across the nine clusters related to e-cigarette use. Concept mapping proved to be an effective tool for understanding college students' perceptions. These findings can assist health educators in comprehending college students' viewpoints on e-cigarette use and in developing targeted interventions. Additionally, exploring benefit perceptions may enhance students' critical thinking skills regarding e-cigarette advertising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Liao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wen-Hua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuei Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Lai
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Janzik R, Borzekowski D, Böl GF. Investigating seasonal changes in factors associated with COVID-19 concerns: Results from a serial cross-sectional survey study in Germany between 2020 and 2023. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1397283. [PMID: 39091525 PMCID: PMC11291447 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1397283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective COVID-19 risk perceptions are discussed to be volatile and have been shown to be connected to the adoption of preventive public health behaviors. This study aimed to investigate changes in COVID-19 concerns and influencing factors as a function of season among the German public. Methods Sixty-three waves of cross-sectional telephone surveys with German participants aged 14 years and older conducted at least monthly between June 2020 and April 2023 provided the data basis (N = 63,471). After pooling participants of different waves by season (spring, summer, fall, winter), data were analyzed with regard to changes in physical health, mental health, economic, and social COVID-19 concerns. Individual characteristics (e.g., age), COVID-19 behavior (e.g., hygiene practices), and related perceptions (e.g., controllability of risk) were considered as predictors of composite concerns in different seasons. Results Results showed a higher between-seasons than within-seasons variability in concerns, with rises in physical and mental health and social concerns during fall. Multivariate regressions revealed being female, lower education, adopting protective measures, and higher perceived probability of infection in both public and private settings to be consistent predictors of higher COVID-19 concerns. Coefficients of these predictors remained comparatively stable over seasons and years. Conclusion Results indicate re-occurring changes in concerns during a prolonged crisis, with distinct characteristics being consistently associated with higher reported concerns. To ensure the application of protective measures, communicators should consider that risk perceptions are subject to fluctuations, but that certain groups of individuals tend to develop them and therefore deserve particular focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Janzik
- Department Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Finell E, Pyysiäinen J, Walden A. Frames of agency in a school with poor indoor-air quality: A longitudinal composite narrative study. Health Place 2024; 88:103256. [PMID: 38739984 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Problems with schools' indoor-air quality are common, and they can cause health problems to adolescents. However, no previous research has examined how adolescents make sense of such contaminated socio-material environments or what kinds of agency those environments afford. Taking an ecological psychology perspective informed by frame analysis, we analysed longitudinal focus group interviews with adolescents in a Finnish school with longstanding indoor-air problems. We constructed three composite first-person narratives that reflected different experiential frames, with corresponding forms and changes of agency. We found that our adolescents made sense of the same socio-material environment and its affordances in very different ways, and this process afforded them to develop many kinds of agency that changed over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eerika Finell
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Pyysiäinen
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aino Walden
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perlstein S. Risk perception and interpersonal discussion on risk: A systematic literature review. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1666-1680. [PMID: 38066719 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Risk perception research has long been attentive to the fact that risk is a social construction. Nevertheless, this fact has not been integrated into empirical research in any systematic manner. Empirical studies that do focus on the social construction of risk often do so from very different positions and with different objectives in mind. Interpersonal discussion, while considered an important medium of social construction, is rarely given consideration. This systematic literature review aims to provide a coherent foundation for empirical studies of interpersonal discussion on risk. Specifically, it summarizes existing research into the reciprocal relationship between interpersonal discussion on risk and individual-level risk perception. The systematic literature review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 843 unique articles were identified, of which 60 are included in the review. A majority of the articles in the corpus found a positive association between interpersonal discussion on risk and risk perception. This association, however, lacks robustness, especially in terms of the direction of causality. Three theoretical interpretations of the relationship are found in the corpus: (1) interpersonal discussion as a conduit for risk information, (2) risk perception as shared social schemata, and (3) interpersonal discussion on risk as a facilitator of similarity between network members. Implications for future research are discussed. This literature review concludes with six guiding principles for future research into the interpersonal discussion-risk perception relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perlstein
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu P. Machines meet humans on the social road: Risk implications. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1539-1548. [PMID: 37970739 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Human drivers and machine drivers (i.e., automated vehicles or AVs) will share roads and interact with each other, creating mixed traffic. In this perspective, we develop two mental models about them and their social interactions, aiming to understand the risk implications of AVs and mixed traffic. Based on Mental Model I (i.e., machine drivers are superior drivers without human weaknesses), many simulation-based safety assessments, which often overlook or oversimplify human-AV social interactions, have predicted significant safety benefits when machine drivers interact with or replace human drivers. In contrast, Mental Model II considers human and machine drivers as heterogeneous and incompatible, suggesting that their interactions may lead to unexpected and occasionally negative outcomes, particularly in imminent mixed traffic. This perspective gains support from recent comparative empirical studies that employ various methods such as survey experiments, driving simulators, test-tracks, on-road observations, and AV accident analysis. These studies provide initial evidence of emerging traffic risks arising from human-AV social interactions, including human drivers' aggression and road rage toward AVs, human drivers exploiting AVs, AVs exerting negative peer influences on human drivers, and their incompatibility increasing human drivers' challenges in joining mixed traffic and thus risky behaviors. We propose specific suggestions to mitigate problematic human-AV social interactions and the associated emerging risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramot S, Tal O. Perceptions of Risk, Benefit and Trust - A Comparative Assessment Between Healthcare Workers and the General Public Towards 3 Medical Technologies. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1587-1598. [PMID: 38894817 PMCID: PMC11184229 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s462411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective While there is a substantial amount of research on risk perception, there has been less focus on the way medical technologies are perceived by experts as opposed to lay individuals. We investigated the factors that may influence the risk perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the general public regarding 3 distinct medical technologies: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and the Covid-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in 2021 among 2 populations: HCWs employed at a general public hospital and a sample of outpatients and individuals who are not medical professionals. The participants completed an electronic questionnaire. Results In total, 739 respondents were included: 197 HCWs (26.7%) and 542 members of the public (73.3%). Most of the respondents (89.4%) reported being vaccinated against Covid-19, 43.8% had previously undergone an MRI but 90% had not undergone LASIK. Overall, all 3 technologies assessed in the study were rated by the respondents as having a high benefit and low risk. HCWs and the public showed statistically significant differences in perceived risk towards MRI and LASIK, as well as in some of the risk perception characteristics of each technology. In contrast, no differences in risk perception towards the Covid-19 vaccine were found between HCWs and the public. Both study populations showed a significant negative correlation between trust in the MoH and the perceived risk towards MRI and the Covid-19 vaccine. Both study populations regarded information provided by medical sources as the most reliable for decision-making. Conclusion The perceptions and concerns towards medical technologies influence individuals' behavior and acceptance of technologies. They are also essential for risk communication. The study contributes to the understanding of attitudes towards various medical technologies, including risk perception, risk characteristics, trust and sources of information pertaining to each of the technologies, by examining the differences between HCWs and the general public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ramot
- Department of Management, Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- Department of Management, Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- ICET - Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies, Zerifin, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brown R, Sillence E, Pepper G. Individual characteristics associated with perceptions of control over mortality risk and determinants of health effort. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1339-1356. [PMID: 37871995 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
People who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long-term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk and exploring different determinants of health effort may help to tailor health promotion programs to more effectively encourage healthy behaviors. From a sample of 1500 adults, we measured perceived control over 20 causes of death, overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state-level optimism, self-reported health effort, and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. We found individual differences in perceptions of control over specific causes of death based on age, gender, and income. PUMR was predicted by socioeconomic variables expected to influence exposure to risk and resource availability. Higher levels of PUMR, not perceptions of control over specific causes of death, predicted self-reported health effort. The strength of relationship between PUMR and lower health effort was not moderated by state-level optimism. Age and education both positively predicted greater accuracy in assessing the prevalence of avoidable deaths. We suggest that PUMR may capture people's "general sense" of mortality risk, influenced by both exposure to hazards and the availability of resources to avoid threats. Conversely, perceived control over specific risks may involve more deliberate, considered appraisals of risk. This general sense of risk is thought to play a more notable role in determining health behaviors than specific assessments of control over risk. Further study is needed to investigate the degree to which PUMR accurately reflects objective measures of individual risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brown
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Gillian Pepper
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu X, Goldsmith CL, Kang KE, Vedlitz A, Adelman ZN, Buchman LW, Heitman E, Medina RF. General science-technology orientation, specific benefit-risk assessment frame, and public acceptance of gene drive biotechnology. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1381-1395. [PMID: 37882685 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
With limited understanding of most new biotechnologies, how do citizens form their opinion and what factors influence their attitudes about these innovations? In this study, we use gene drive biotechnology in agricultural pest management as an example and theoretically propose that given low levels of knowledge and awareness, citizens' acceptance of, or opposition to, gene drive is significantly shaped by two predisposition factors: individuals' general orientation toward science and technology, and their specific benefit-risk assessment frame. Empirically, we employ data collected from a recent US nationally representative public opinion survey (N = 1220) and conduct statistical analyses to test the hypotheses derived from our theoretical expectations. Our statistical analyses, based on various model specifications and controlling for individual-level covariates and state-fixed effects, show that citizens with a more favorable general orientation toward science and technology are more likely to accept gene drive. Our data analyses also demonstrate that citizens' specific gene drive assessment frame-consisting of a potential benefit dimension and a potential risk dimension, significantly shapes their attitudes as well-specifically, people emphasizing more on the benefit dimension are more likely to accept gene drive, whereas those who place more importance on the risk dimension tend to oppose it. We discuss contributions of our study and make suggestions for future research in the conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Liu
- Department of Government and Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Carol L Goldsmith
- Institute for Science, Technology and Public Policy, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ki Eun Kang
- Department of Public Administration, California State University, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Arnold Vedlitz
- Institute for Science, Technology and Public Policy, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Zach N Adelman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leah W Buchman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heitman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raul F Medina
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hussain Z, Mata R, Wulff DU. Novel embeddings improve the prediction of risk perception. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2024; 13:38. [PMID: 38799195 PMCID: PMC11111540 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We assess whether the classic psychometric paradigm of risk perception can be improved or supplanted by novel approaches relying on language embeddings. To this end, we introduce the Basel Risk Norms, a large data set covering 1004 distinct sources of risk (e.g., vaccination, nuclear energy, artificial intelligence) and compare the psychometric paradigm against novel text and free-association embeddings in predicting risk perception. We find that an ensemble model combining text and free association rivals the predictive accuracy of the psychometric paradigm, captures additional affect and frequency-related dimensions of risk perception not accounted for by the classic approach, and has greater range of applicability to real-world text data, such as news headlines. Overall, our results establish the ensemble of text and free-association embeddings as a promising new tool for researchers and policymakers to track real-world risk perception. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00478-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zak Hussain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60–62, Basel, 4055 Switzerland
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Rui Mata
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60–62, Basel, 4055 Switzerland
| | - Dirk U. Wulff
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60–62, Basel, 4055 Switzerland
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao J, Jiang H, Ren X, Shi J. Consumers' risk perception, market demand, and firm innovation: Evidence from China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301802. [PMID: 38758805 PMCID: PMC11101097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Major product safety incidents often cause widespread concern among consumers, and these product safety incidents will stimulate consumers' psychology, change their risk perception, and affect the demand for products and services of risk consumers. The change in consumer demand will eventually lead to a change in firm innovation decisions. Using Chinese firm-level data, this paper employs the news reporting of the Bawang event as a quasi-natural experiment to study the impact of risk perception changes on innovation. The empirical results of this study show that increasing consumers' risk perception caused by the negative news coverage of defective products motivates firms to increase their innovation. The effects are heterogeneous, where firms with private ownership and in developed regions are more likely to increase innovation activities. This study suggests that the relationship between consumers' risk perception and firm innovation is primarily driven by market demand. Moreover, the positive effects of risk perception on innovation are more prominent for downstream firms and those having a smaller technological distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiwei Jiang
- School of International Trade and Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Research Center for Regional Coordinated Development & China Academy of West Region Development, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Shi
- Center for Research of Private Economy, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bosshart N, Bearth A, Wermelinger S, Daum MM, Siegrist M. Childhood poisonings: Effects of ambiguous product characteristics on preschool children's categorization of household chemicals. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1193-1203. [PMID: 37698161 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated preschool children's categorization and risk perception of products with ambiguous product characteristics (e.g., food-like packaging). These characteristics make it difficult for preschool children to categorize household chemicals correctly. This, therefore, increases the risk of unintentional poisoning. We hypothesized that ambiguity arises from different product characteristics, such as the type of packaging, the products' scent, or the packaging's color and transparency. In four behavioral tasks, N = 108 preschool children (M = 43 months, SD = 3) categorized different products and household chemicals with various types of packaging, colors, and scents. Individually wrapped dishwasher tablets were more likely to be categorized as edible than unwrapped ones. Furthermore, children who had interacted with any type of dishwasher tablet in the last 6 months performed better in identifying dishwasher tablets, regardless of packaging type. Household chemicals with a fruity scent were more likely to be categorized as drinkable than those with a chlorine scent. Finally, the children considered black bottles more dangerous and preferred them less than bottles of a different color. In contrast, bottle transparency generally did not seem to affect risk perception and preference. These findings confirm that ambiguous product characteristics influence children's categorization of unknown products and, thus, their risk perception and decision-making. Manufacturers and caregivers are advised to reduce the ambiguity of household chemicals by designing more neutral product packaging and choosing products with more neutral elements, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Bosshart
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bearth
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Wermelinger
- Developmental Psychology: Infancy and Childhood, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, UZH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz M Daum
- Developmental Psychology: Infancy and Childhood, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, UZH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carballo RR, León CJ, Carballo MM. The Influence of Muslim and Christian Destinations on Tourists' Behavioural Intentions and Risk Perceptions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:347. [PMID: 38667143 PMCID: PMC11047454 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the factors that influence tourists' risk perceptions of various destinations with different attributes and sociocultural profiles. Factor analysis is utilised to investigate the determinants of risk perceptions, finding that they are influenced both by the type of risk (delinquency, health, accident, environment and catastrophe) and by the characteristics of the destination regarding the management of risk. Structural equations modelling is conducted to study the relationships between risk perceptions, destination image and visiting intentions across destinations. Multi-group analysis across different destinations proves that tourists' risk perceptions have different influences on destination image and visiting intentions. The results show that there are significant differences according to the predominant religion at the destinations, i.e., Muslin and Christian. The implication is that different dimensions of perceived risks and destination socio-culture contexts have different influences on the behaviour of tourists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita R. Carballo
- University Institute of Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development—TIDES, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.J.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kerstan S, Bienefeld N, Grote G. Choosing human over AI doctors? How comparative trust associations and knowledge relate to risk and benefit perceptions of AI in healthcare. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:939-957. [PMID: 37722964 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is accelerating rapidly. Beyond the urge for technological optimization, public perceptions and preferences regarding the application of such technologies remain poorly understood. Risk and benefit perceptions of novel technologies are key drivers for successful implementation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that condition these perceptions. In this study, we draw on the risk perception and human-AI interaction literature to examine how explicit (i.e., deliberate) and implicit (i.e., automatic) comparative trust associations with AI versus physicians, and knowledge about AI, relate to likelihood perceptions of risks and benefits of AI in healthcare and preferences for the integration of AI in healthcare. We use survey data (N = 378) to specify a path model. Results reveal that the path for implicit comparative trust associations on relative preferences for AI over physicians is only significant through risk, but not through benefit perceptions. This finding is reversed for AI knowledge. Explicit comparative trust associations relate to AI preference through risk and benefit perceptions. These findings indicate that risk perceptions of AI in healthcare might be driven more strongly by affect-laden factors than benefit perceptions, which in turn might depend more on reflective cognition. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed considering the conceptualization of trust as heuristic and dual-process theories of judgment and decision-making. Regarding the design and implementation of AI-based healthcare technologies, our findings suggest that a holistic integration of public viewpoints is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kerstan
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Bienefeld
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gudela Grote
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wong-Parodi G, Relihan DP, Garfin DR. A longitudinal investigation of risk perceptions and adaptation behavior in the US Gulf Coast. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae099. [PMID: 38595802 PMCID: PMC11003376 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is occurring more rapidly than expected, requiring that people quickly and continually adapt to reduce human suffering. The reality is that climate change-related threats are unpredictable; thus, adaptive behavior must be continually performed even when threat saliency decreases (e.g. time has passed since climate-hazard exposure). Climate change-related threats are also intensifying; thus, new or more adaptive behaviors must be performed over time. Given the need to sustain climate change-related adaptation even when threat saliency decreases, it becomes essential to better understand how the relationship between risk perceptions and adaptation co-evolve over time. In this study, we present results from a probability-based representative sample of 2,774 Texas and Florida residents prospectively surveyed 5 times (2017-2022) in the presence and absence of exposure to tropical cyclones, a climate change-related threat. Distinct trajectories of personal risk perceptions emerged, with higher and more variable risk perceptions among the less educated and those living in Florida. Importantly, as tropical cyclone adaptation behaviors increased, personal risk perceptions decreased over time, particularly in the absence of storms, while future tropical cyclone risk perceptions remained constant. In sum, adapting occurs in response to current risk but may inhibit future action despite increasing future tropical cyclone risks. Our results suggest that programs and policies encouraging proactive adaptation investment may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wong-Parodi
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel P Relihan
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dana Rose Garfin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Byerley CO, Horne D, Gong M, Musgrave S, Valaas LA, Rickard B, Yoon H, Park MS, Mirin A, Joshua S, Lavender H, You S. An effective COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy intervention focused on the relative risks of vaccination and infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7419. [PMID: 38548828 PMCID: PMC10978892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed the Relative Risk Tool (RRT) to help people assess the relative risks associated with COVID-19 vaccination and infection. In May 2022 (N = 400) and November 2022 (N = 615), U.S. residents participated in a survey that included questions about the risks of vaccination and infection. In both cohorts, we found an association between relative risk perception and vaccine hesitancy. Participants in the May cohort were randomly assigned an intervention: to see information from the RRT or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). After the intervention, participants answered the same questions about risk perception and vaccination intent again. The RRT was more effective than the CDC at changing risk perception and increasing vaccination intent. In November, the survey structure was the same, but the RRT was the only intervention included, and we confirmed that the RRT was effective at changing opinions in this new sample. Importantly, the RRT provided accurate information about the risks of serious adverse outcomes to vaccination and still increased vaccination intent. Our work suggests that the RRT helps people assess relative risk, which can in turn help empower them to make informed decisions and ultimately reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron O'Neill Byerley
- Department of Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies Education, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, USA.
| | - Dru Horne
- Department of Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies Education, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, USA
| | - Mina Gong
- Department of Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies Education, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, USA
| | - Stacy Musgrave
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, 91768, USA
| | - Laura A Valaas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Brian Rickard
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - Hyunkyoung Yoon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, 91768, USA
| | - Min Sook Park
- Department of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, 53201, USA
| | - Alison Mirin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA
| | | | - Heather Lavender
- Department of Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies Education, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, USA
| | - Sukjin You
- Department of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, 53201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schwarz A, Unselt JJ. Rage against the machine? Framing societal threat and efficacy in YouTube videos about artificial intelligence. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 38492970 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a part of the mainstream public discourse beyond expert communities about its risks, benefits, and need for regulation. In particular, since 2014, the news media have intensified their coverage of this emerging technology and its potential impact on most domains of society. Although many studies have analyzed traditional media coverage of AI, analyses of social media, especially video-sharing platforms, are rare. In addition, research from a risk communication perspective remains scarce, despite the widely recognized potential threats to society from many AI applications. This study aims to detect recurring patterns of societal threat/efficacy in YouTube videos, analyze their main sources, and compare detected frames in terms of reach and response. Using a theoretical framework combining framing and risk communication, the study analyzed the societal threat/efficacy attributed to AI in easily accessible YouTube videos published in a year when public attention to AI temporarily peaked (2018). Four dominant AI frames were identified: the balanced frame, the high-efficacy frame, the high-threat frame, and the no-threat frame. The balanced and no-threat frames were the most prevalent, with predominantly positive and neutral AI narratives that neither adequately address the risks nor the necessary societal response from a normative risk communication perspective. The results revealed the specific risks and benefits of AI that are most frequently addressed. Video views and user engagement with AI videos were analyzed. Recommendations for effective AI risk communication and implications for risk governance were derived from the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schwarz
- Institute of Media and Communication Science, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bearth A, Roth N, Wilks MF, Siegrist M. Intuitive toxicology in the 21st century-Bridging the perspectives of the public and risk assessors in Europe. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 38490812 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Three decades ago, several articles on the subjectivity in chemical risk judgments (i.e., labeled "intuitive toxicology") measured the divide between the public and toxicologists with different backgrounds regarding the validity of predicting health effects based on in vivo studies. Similar divides with impacts on societal discourse and chemical risk assessment practices might exist concerning alternative toxicity testing methods (i.e., in vitro and in silico). However, studies to date have focused either on the public's views of in vivo or stem cell testing or on experts' views of in vivo testing and potential alternatives (i.e., toxicologists and medical students), which do not allow for a direct investigation of potential divides. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted two online surveys, involving members of the German-speaking public in Switzerland and European human health risk assessors, respectively. This article presents the results of these two surveys regarding the divide in the public's and risk assessors' perspectives on risk assessment based on in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing. Particularly, the survey with the risk assessors highlights that, beyond scientific and regulatory barriers, alternatives to in vivo testing may encounter individual hurdles, such as higher uncertainty associated with them. Understanding and addressing these hurdles will be crucial to facilitate the integration of new approach methodologies into chemical risk assessment practices as well as a successful transition toward next-generation risk assessment, bringing us closer to a fit-for-purpose and more efficient regulatory landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bearth
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Roth
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Janzik R, Koch S, Zamariola G, Vrbos D, White MP, Pahl S, Berger N. Exploring public risk perceptions of microplastics: Findings from a cross-national qualitative interview study among German and Italian citizens. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:521-535. [PMID: 37350030 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are receiving growing attention in the public debate, while the scientific assessment of risks of microplastics to ecological and human health is still ongoing. Previous studies suggest concerns among the general public with country-specific differences. However, little is known about the reasoning underlying these concerns. By conducting qualitative interviews with German (n = 15) and Italian citizens (n = 15), this study adopted a cross-national perspective to investigate which concepts shape citizens' perceptions of microplastics. A qualitative content analysis was used, with coding categories and subcategories developed inductively. Results showed that interviewees formed assumptions around microplastics despite own uncertainties, transferred knowledge from macro- to microplastics, and used the concepts of accumulation and dose-response relationship to make sense of the topic. Moreover, they saw the domains of human health and the environment as intertwined and expressed helplessness when discussing solutions to the microplastics issue. Many themes on the topic were similar in both samples, but there were also some differences. For instance, whereas Italian participants talked about marine-related microplastics, German participants talked about airborne sources; also, German participants tended to recognize more strongly the actions their country was putting in place to address the problem. These findings underscore the need for proactive risk communication despite remaining gaps in scientific risk assessment. Beyond providing technical information, communicators should consider the reasoning behind risk perception on microplastics and address scientific uncertainty as well as the interconnectedness between the domains of human health and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Janzik
- Department Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Koch
- Department Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Giorgia Zamariola
- Communication and Partnership Department, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Domagoj Vrbos
- Communication and Partnership Department, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Mathew P White
- Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pahl
- Environmental Psychology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Berger
- Department Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anderson CC, Moure M, Demski C, Renaud FG. Risk tolerance as a complementary concept to risk perception of natural hazards: A conceptual review and application. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:304-321. [PMID: 37259281 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a longstanding assumption that if people perceive a risk as high, they will act to reduce it. In fact, research has shown a lack of consistently strong causal relations between risk perception (RP) and mitigative behavior-the so-called "risk perception paradox." Despite a recent increase in research on RP, individuals' risk tolerance (RT; or demand for risk reduction) only rarely appears as a consideration for explaining behavioral response to natural hazards. To address this research gap, we first systematically review relevant literature and find that RT has been directly assessed or operationalized using perceived thresholds related to costs and benefits of risk reduction measures, risk consequences, hazard characteristics, behavioral responses, or affective reactions. It is either considered a component or a result of RP. We then use survey data of individuals' RP, RT, and behavioral intention to assess relations among these variables. Comparing across three European study sites, "behavioral intention" is assessed as the public's willingness to actively support the implementation of nature-based solutions to reduce disaster risk. A series of tests using regression models shows RT significantly explains variance in behavioral intention and significantly contributes additional explanatory power beyond RP in all three sites. In two sites, RT is also a significant partial mediator of the relation between RP and behavior. Taken together, our findings demand further conceptual and empirical research on individuals' RT and its systematic consideration as a determinant for (in)action in response to natural hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl C Anderson
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Geography, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mar Moure
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Demski
- Department of Psychology and the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformation (CAST), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Fabrice G Renaud
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xue W, Li X, Yang Z, Xu Z. Factors that influence the intent to pursue a master's degree: evidence from Shandong Province, China. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1284277. [PMID: 38283203 PMCID: PMC10811022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1284277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, the pursuit of a master's degree has become a social phenomenon of wide concern. It is essential to understand why large number of students choose to pursue master's degree. This study aims to empirically analyze the factors that influence the intent to pursue a master's degree. Method Based on the extended theory of planned behavior, this study conducts a questionnaire survey of university students in Shandong Province, which has had the highest number of people taking the postgraduate entrance examination in China for several years. A total of 440 questionnaires were finally collected, including 417 valid questionnaires. And then ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to analyze the factors that influence the intent to pursue a master's degree. Results In general, the intent to pursue a master's degree is positively influenced by attitude (β = 0.161, p < 0.01) and subjective norms (β = 0.208, p < 0.01), and negatively influenced by risk perception (β = -0.084, p < 0.05). Compared with male students, female students' intent is more likely to be influenced by risk perception (β = -0.144, p < 0.05) and social factors (β = 0.140, p < 0.05). The intent of upperclass students tends to be positively influenced by perceived behavioral control (β = 0.125, p < 0.05), whereas the negative impact of risk perception (β = -0.219, p < 0.05) on the intent is significant for underclass students. The intent of students in rural areas are more sensitive to risk perception (β = -0.194, p < 0.01) than those of students in cities. In private universities, social factors (β = 0.445, p < 0.05) significantly affect the intent to pursue a master's degree. In ordinary public universities, the intent of students is more likely to be influenced by risk perception (β = -0.082, p < 0.05). Conclusion The study is helpful to strengthen the understanding of the influencing factors of the intent to pursue a master's degree. In general, the intent to pursue a master's degree is mainly influenced by attitude, subjective norms and risk perception. Moreover, the influencing factors vary among different groups (e.g., female vs. male, rural areas vs. cities). Furthermore, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, risk perception, and social factors have greater impacts on the intent of students from low-income households than those from high-income households. This study can provide policy implications for universities to take targeted educational measures to encourage students to make a choice that suits their own development after graduation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhou
- School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhao Xue
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou X, Liao PC, Xu Q. Reinvestigation of the Psychological Mechanisms of Construction Experience on Hazard Recognition Performance. HUMAN FACTORS 2024; 66:221-233. [PMID: 35225014 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211066666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to reinvestigate psychological mechanisms of the influence of construction workers' experience on hazard recognition performance, with signal detection theory (SDT) and electroencephalogram (EEG) readings. BACKGROUND Existing evidence regarding the effect of experience on hazard recognition performance in the construction industry remains inconsistent. Behavior-wise, identification of dominant hazard recognition factors (sensitivity or response bias, or both) would help determine appropriate training strategies to improve hazard recognition. In terms of neuro-responses, induced gamma-band activity was expected to reflect the cognitive functions mediating the psychological effects of experience. METHOD Seventy-seven construction workers participated in a predesigned hazard recognition task, in which participants judged whether a hazard was present from a series of construction scenario pictures. We computed and compared the sensitivity and response bias of SDT and time-frequency representations of recorded EEG signals of the two experience-level groups. RESULTS Novice workers had higher hazard recognition rates. Behavior-wise, novices were more sensitive than more experienced workers. Compared with experienced workers, novices showed stronger gamma-band difference power (hazardous minus safe) in the left frontal and right posterior parietal areas during the hazard recognition process. CONCLUSION Novices performed better at hazard recognition, indicating their sensitivity to the hazards without a clear difference in response bias. Based on the EEG data, novices' sensitivity may be attributed to more efficient working memory and attentional control. APPLICATION There is a need for continuous refreshment of hazard recognition skills for experienced workers for safety interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pin-Chao Liao
- Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Xu
- Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Johnson PM, Baroud H, Brady CE, Abkowitz M. Who contributes to disaster preparedness? Predicting decision making in social dilemmas pertaining to community resilience. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:2659-2670. [PMID: 36810893 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Planning for community resilience through public infrastructure projects often engenders problems associated with social dilemmas, but little work has been done to understand how individuals respond when presented with opportunities to invest in such developments. Using statistical learning techniques trained on the results of a web-based common pool resource game, we analyze participants' decisions to invest in hypothetical public infrastructure projects that bolster their community's resilience to disasters. Given participants' dispositions and in-game circumstances, Bayesian additive regression tree (BART) models are able to accurately predict deviations from players' decisions that would reasonably lead to Pareto-efficient outcomes for their communities. Participants tend to overcontribute relative to these Pareto-efficient strategies, indicating general risk aversion that is analogous to individuals purchasing disaster insurance even though it exceeds expected actuarial costs. However, higher trait Openness scores reflect an individual's tendency to follow a risk-neutral strategy, and fewer available resources predict lower perceived utilities derived from the infrastructure developments. In addition, several input variables have nonlinear effects on decisions, suggesting that it may be warranted to use more sophisticated statistical learning methods to reexamine results from previous studies that assume linear relationships between individuals' dispositions and responses in applications of game theory or decision theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hiba Baroud
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Corey E Brady
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark Abkowitz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martin C. Biospheric values as predictor of climate change risk perception: A multinational investigation. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1855-1870. [PMID: 36617490 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the big challenges of our time. A better understanding of how individuals form their evaluation of the risk related to climate change seems to be key to win broad support for climate change mitigation efforts. Extant research indicates that biospheric values (BV) are an important antecedent of individuals' perception of the risk and consequences related to climate change. However, risk perception scholars have only recently started to study how BV relate to individuals' climate change risk perception (CCRP) and much is still to be learned about this relationship. The present study contributes to this growing literature by studying the BV-CCRP relationship in a multinational context. The results suggest that the BV - CCRP relationship varies in strength between different countries. These differences can be explained in part by societies' cultural leanings (i.e., individualism vs. collectivism) and societies' wealth. The present research adds to our understanding of why individuals in different countries perceive climate change related risk differently and how this perception is shaped differently by biospheric values in different countries. In this way, the findings help to build a more nuanced theory of how CCRP are formed. The presented results also have implications for policymakers and NGOs who wish to increase individuals' engagement with climate change and its consequences in different populations. In particular, the findings suggests that it might be necessary to use different strategies in different societies to achieve a greater awareness of climate change related risks.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cakir MS, Wardman JK, Trautrims A. Ethical leadership supports safety voice by increasing risk perception and reducing ethical ambiguity: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1902-1916. [PMID: 36261397 PMCID: PMC9874882 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Misconduct by business and political leaders during the pandemic is feared to have impacted people's adherence to protective measures that would help to safeguard against the spread of COVID-19. Addressing this concern, this article theorizes and tests a model linking ethical leadership with workplace risk communication-a practice referred to as 'safety voice' in the research literature. Our study, conducted with 511 employees from UK companies, revealed that ethical leadership is positively associated with greater intention to engage in safety voice regarding COVID-19. We also find that this association is mediated by relations with the perceived health risk of COVID-19 and ambiguity about ethical decision making in the workplace. These findings therefore underscore the importance of good ethical conduct by leaders for ensuring that health and safety risks are well understood and communicated effectively by organizational members particularly during crises. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study and highlight further opportunities for future research to address the ethical dimensions of leadership, risk management, and organizational risk communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Selim Cakir
- University of Bristol Business SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jamie K. Wardman
- Nottingham University Business SchoolUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mooney S, Boudou M, O'Dwyer J, Hynds PD. Behavioral pathways to private well risk mitigation: A structural equation modeling approach. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1599-1626. [PMID: 36114612 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex, multihazard risks such as private groundwater contamination necessitate multiannual risk reduction actions including seasonal, weather-based hazard evaluations. In the Republic of Ireland (ROI), high rural reliance on unregulated private wells renders behavior promotion a vital instrument toward safeguarding household health from waterborne infection. However, to date, pathways between behavioral predictors remain unknown while latent constructs such as extreme weather event (EWE) risk perception and self-efficacy (perceived behavioral competency) have yet to be sufficiently explored. Accordingly, a nationwide survey of 560 Irish private well owners was conducted, with structural equation modeling (SEM) employed to identify underlying relationships determining key supply management behaviors. The pathway analysis (SEM) approach was used to model three binary outcomes: information seeking, post-EWE action, and well testing behavior. Upon development of optimal models, perceived self-efficacy emerged as a significant direct and/or indirect driver of all three behavior types-demonstrating the greatest indirect effect (β = -0.057) on adoption of post-EWE actions and greatest direct (β = 0.222) and total effect (β = 0.245) on supply testing. Perceived self-efficacy inversely influenced EWE risk perception in all three models but positively influenced supply awareness (where present). Notably, the presence of a vulnerable (infant and/or elderly) household member negatively influenced adoption of post-EWE actions (β = -0.131, p = 0.016). Results suggest that residential and age-related factors constitute key demographic variables influencing risk mitigation and are strongly mediated by cognitive variables-particularly self-efficacy. Study findings may help contextualize predictors of private water supply management, providing a basis for future risk-based water interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mooney
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Boudou
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean O'Dwyer
- Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Hynds
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Eijrond V, Claassen L, Timmermans D. Contrasting perspectives on the risks of intensive livestock farming in The Netherlands: a survey study. JOURNAL OF RISK RESEARCH 2023; 26:911-930. [PMID: 38013909 PMCID: PMC10561603 DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2231003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In the Netherlands, intensive livestock farming is a recurrent topic of societal debate with stakeholders having quite different perspectives on the benefits and harms. In particular, stakeholders appear to have different perceptions on the risks to human and animal health. This paper reports a quantitative analysis of a survey on the perceptions of risks and benefits of intensive livestock farming conducted among the general public, including people living in livestock dense municipalities (n = 808), farmers (n = 237) and other stakeholders (n = 367). Results show that farmers and citizens have contrasting views about the benefits and concerns and in particular about the risks of intensive livestock farming for human health as well as animal well-being. People living in livestock dense communities held a somewhat more positive view than the general public, yet odour hinder and air quality was perceived as a serious health problem, but not by farmers. These differences in risk perceptions may well be explained from differences in interest, experience and options for control of potential hazards. Our study reflects more than just the perceived risks related to intensive livestock farming, but also reveal the global and multidimensional legitimate concerns and views on what matter to different groups of people. We argue that these differences in risk perspectives should be taken into account when communicating about human health risks, and should also be more explicitly addressed in discussions about the risks of intensive livestock farming in order to develop more inclusive policies that are supported by stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Eijrond
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Claassen
- Centre for Environmental Security and Safety, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - D. Timmermans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee YH, Heo HH, Noh H, Jang DH, Choi YG, Jang WM, Lee JY. The association between the risk perceptions of COVID-19, trust in the government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors: A year-long cross-sectional study in South Korea. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280779. [PMID: 37343005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk perception research, targeting the general public, necessitates the study of the multi-faceted aspects of perceived risk through a holistic approach. This study aimed to investigate the association between the two dimensions of risk perception of COVID-19, i.e., risk as a feeling and analysis, trust in the current government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors in South Korea. This study used a year-long repeated cross-sectional design, in which a national sample (n = 23,018) participated in 23 consecutive telephone surveys from February 2020 to February 2021. Most factors differed in the magnitude and direction of their relationships with the two dimensions of risk perception. However, trust in the current government, alone, delineated an association in the same direction for both dimensions, i.e., those with a lower level of trust exhibited higher levels of cognitive and affective risk perception. Although these results did not change significantly during the one-year observation period, they are related to the political interpretation of risk. This study revealed that affective and cognitive risk perceptions addressed different dimensions of risk perception. These findings could help governments and health authorities better understand the nature and mechanisms of public risk perception when implementing countermeasures and policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Heo
- Institute for Future Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Noh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyun Jang
- Research Analytics & Communications, Gallup Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Choi
- Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Mo Jang
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Petrova D, Cokely ET, Sobkow A, Traczyk J, Garrido D, Garcia-Retamero R. Measuring feelings about choices and risks: The Berlin Emotional Responses to Risk Instrument (BERRI). RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:724-746. [PMID: 35606164 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a brief instrument specifically validated for measuring positive and negative feelings about risks-the Berlin Emotional Responses to Risk Instrument (BERRI). Based on seven studies involving diverse adults from three countries (n = 2120), the BERRI was found to robustly estimate anticipatory affective reactions derived from subjective evaluations of positive (i.e., assured, hopeful, and relieved) and negative emotions (i.e., anxious, afraid, and worried). The brief BERRI outperformed a 14-item assessment, uniquely tracking costs/benefits associated with cancer screening among men and women (Studies 1 and 2). Predictive validity was further documented in paradigmatic risky choice studies wherein options varied over probabilities and severities across six contexts (health, social, financial, technological, ethical, and environmental; Study 3). Studies 4-6, conducted during the Ebola epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic, indicated BERRI responses were sensitive to subtle effects caused by emotion-related framing manipulations presented in different cultures and languages (the United States, Spain, and Poland). Study 7 indicated BERRI responses remained stable for 2 weeks. Although the BERRI can provide an estimate of overall affect, choices were generally better explained by the unique influences of positive and negative affect. Overall, results suggest the novel, brief instrument can be an efficient tool for high-stakes research on decision making and risk communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Petrova
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Edward T Cokely
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agata Sobkow
- Center for Research on Improving Decision Making (CRIDM), Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Traczyk
- Center for Research on Improving Decision Making (CRIDM), Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dunia Garrido
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocio Garcia-Retamero
- Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ye Z, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Huang L. New observation of perceptive mechanism behind the long-lasting change of people's community mobility: evidence from COVID-19 in China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5165. [PMID: 36997595 PMCID: PMC10060925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to investigate how a new and long-lasting threat affects public risk perception and social distancing behavior, which is important for pandemic risk management and recovery of the tertiary industry. We have found that the mechanism that perception decides behavior changes over time. At the beginning of the pandemic, risk directly shapes people's willingness of going out. But under a persistent threat, perception no longer plays the direct role of shape people's willingness. Instead, perception indirectly influences the willingness by shaping people's judgment about the necessity of traveling. Switching from direct to indirect influence, perception's effect is enlarged, which partially prevents people from returning to normal life even if the governmental ban is removed in a zero-COVID community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-Tech Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-Tech Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-Tech Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nagaya K, Shimizu H. Effects of graphical presentation of benefits on cognitive judgments induced by affect heuristic: Focusing on the acceptance of genetically modified foods. Appetite 2023; 182:106450. [PMID: 36632936 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) foods have been assumed to be seen through intuitive and affective routes (i.e., affect heuristics) rather than analytical and deliberative routes. We examined the impact of the graphical presentation of benefits derived from GM or conventionally bred foods on the acceptance of these varieties. In the two experiments (n = 266 for study 1 and n = 402 for study 2), no differences emerged in the estimation of farmers' benefits resulting from the introduction of improved varieties by the type of improvement. However, there were statistically significant differences in the magnitude of risk and the degree of acceptance of the improved varieties. Therefore, despite presenting identical benefits as a graphical figure, GM foods were consistently evaluated as providing higher risk and were less frequently accepted than conventionally bred foods. These results suggest that while the graphical presentation of benefits may promote comprehension of some advantages of the introduction of GM varieties, this may not lead to acceptance from the consumer's point of view. Based on the current findings, as well as previous studies on trust in risk managers, we discuss the specific factors that might promote acceptance of GM products.
Collapse
|
40
|
Inwald JF, Bruine de Bruin W, Yaggi M, Árvai J. Public Concern about Water Safety, Weather, and Climate: Insights from the World Risk Poll. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2075-2083. [PMID: 36695818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water safety refers to the quality of one's drinking water and whether it lacks dangerous contaminants. Limited access to safe water is projected to impact approximately 5 billion people worldwide by 2050. Climate change and worsening severe weather events pose increasing threats to global water safety. However, people may not perceive links between climate change and water safety, potentially undermining their willingness to implement behaviors that improve water safety. Existing studies on water safety risk perceptions have mostly been conducted in single-country contexts, which limits researchers' ability to make cross-national comparisons. Here, we assessed the extent to which people's severe weather concern and climate change concern predict their water safety concern. Our analyses used survey data from the 142-country 2019 Lloyd's Register Foundation World Risk Poll, including 21 low-income and 34 lower-middle-income countries. In mixed-effects models, severe weather concern was significantly more predictive of water safety concern than was climate change concern, although both resulted in positive associations. Worldwide, this finding was robust, insensitive to key model specifications and countries' varying protection against unsafe drinking water. We suggest communicators and policymakers improve messaging about water safety and other environmental threats by explaining how they are impacted by worsening severe weather.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Inwald
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Wändi Bruine de Bruin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Marc Yaggi
- Waterkeeper Alliance, New York, New York 10038, United States
| | - Joseph Árvai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
- Wrigley Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
- Decision Research, Eugene, Oregon 97401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sattler DN, Graham JM, Whippy A, Atienza R, Johnson J. Developing a Climate Change Risk Perception Model in the Philippines and Fiji: Posttraumatic Growth Plays Central Role. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1518. [PMID: 36674273 PMCID: PMC9864743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This two-study paper developed a climate change risk perception model that considers the role of posttraumatic growth (i.e., a reappraisal of life priorities and deeper appreciation of life), resource loss, posttraumatic stress, coping, and social support. METHOD In Study 1, participants were 332 persons in the Philippines who experienced Super Typhoon Haiyan. In Study 2, participants were 709 persons in Fiji who experienced Cyclone Winston. Climate change can increase the size and destructive potential of cyclones and typhoons as a result of warming ocean temperatures, which provides fuel for these storms. Participants completed measures assessing resource loss, posttraumatic stress, coping, social support, posttraumatic growth, and climate change risk perception. RESULTS Structural equation modeling was used to develop a climate change risk perception model with data collected in the Philippines and to confirm the model with data collected in Fiji. The model showed that climate change risk perception was influenced by resource loss, posttraumatic stress, coping activation, and posttraumatic growth. The model developed in the Philippines was confirmed with data collected in Fiji. CONCLUSIONS Posttraumatic growth played a central role in climate change risk perception. Public health educational efforts should focus on vividly showing how climate change threatens life priorities and that which gives life meaning and can result in loss, stress, and hardship. Disaster response organizations may also use this approach to promote preparedness for disaster threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N. Sattler
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA
| | - James M. Graham
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA
| | - Albert Whippy
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Richard Atienza
- Department of American Ethnic Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-4380, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen C, Sang X, Wu R, Feng Z, Long C, Ye Y, Yan Z, Sun C, Ji L, Tang S. Effects of negative emotions and information perceived value on residents' risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical survey from China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:980880. [PMID: 36891350 PMCID: PMC9986329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.980880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly and heavily hit the globe, and the mutation and transmission speed of the coronavirus have accelerated so that the world is still in danger. Thus, this study aims to investigate the participants' risk perception and explore the associations of risk perception of COVID-19 with negative emotions, information value perception and other related dimensions. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based online survey was conducted from April 4 to 15, 2020, in China. A total of 3,552 participants were included in this study. A descriptive measure of demographic information was used in this study. Multiple regression models and moderating effect analysis were used to estimate the effect of potential associations of risk perceptions. Results Those who showed negative emotions (depressed, helplessness, loneliness) and perceived video information in social media to be useful were positively correlated with risk perception, whereas individuals who perceived experts' advice to be useful, shared risk information with friends and thought that their community made adequate emergency preparation reported lower risk perception. The moderating effect of information perceived value (β = 0.020, p < 0.001) on the relationship between negative emotion and perception of risk was significant. Conclusions Individual differences in risk cognition during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed in subgroups of age level. Furthermore, the role of negative emotional states, the perceived usefulness of risk information and the sense of security also contributed to improving the public's risk perception. It is crucial for authorities to focus on residents' negative emotions and to clarify misinformation in accessible and effective ways in a timely manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Sang
- Division of Strategy and Policy, China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Wu
- Division of Strategy and Policy, China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanchun Feng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxu Long
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yisheng Ye
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqi Yan
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Sun
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
David JC, Piednoir E, Nadarajah K, Delouvée S. Attitudes, Knowledge, Risk Perception of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Use Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a Young Adult Population. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:698-703. [PMID: 36803507 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2181035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: The emergence and spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major threat to global public health. There is strong evidence that the general public plays a role in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Objective: In this study, the impact of attitudes, knowledge, and risk perception of antimicrobial resistance on students' antibiotic use behaviors was investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire with a sample of 279 young adults. Descriptive analysis and hierarchical regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that positive attitudes, a minimal level of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance, and awareness of the seriousness of this phenomenon have a positive influence on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study highlight the need for awareness campaigns that provide the public with accurate information about the risks associated with antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles David
- Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Piednoir
- Centre de Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France.,Centre hospitalier Avranches-Granville (groupe hospitalier Mont Saint-Michel), Granville, France
| | - Kévin Nadarajah
- Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Delouvée
- Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramot S, Tal O. Attitudes of healthcare workers and members of the public toward the COVID-19 vaccine: A cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2124782. [PMID: 36314896 PMCID: PMC9746361 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development and implementation of vaccines. However, uncertainty about their safety and effectiveness among some people has led to vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in March 2021 among individuals from the general Israeli population and health-care workers (HCWs) to examine risk perception toward the COVID-19 vaccine, trust in health-care providers and information sources used for making health-related decisions. The study population included 739 respondents: 42.6% HCWs and 57.4% members of the public. Participants' perceived risk toward the vaccine was relatively low in both populations. Higher perceived benefit of the vaccine, higher perceived extent of knowledge that doctors have about the risk associated with the vaccine, higher perceived freedom to choose whether to get vaccinated and higher trust in health-care providers predicted lower perceived risk toward the vaccine. Individuals who showed greater health responsibility, those who usually get vaccinated against influenza and those who had greater objective knowledge on the COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated lower perceived risk. No statistically significant difference in trust level was found between HCWs and members of the public. Both populations regarded information from medical sources as their greatest influence on health-related decisions. The study points to the factors influencing the perceived risk toward the COVID-19 vaccine and emphasizes the unique status of HCWs having their own views and concerns about the vaccine as individual members. Policymakers should consider these factors when planning national vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ramot
- Department of Management, Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- Department of Management, Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
- ICET - Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies, Shamir Medical center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Can digital farming technologies enhance the willingness to buy products from current farming systems? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277731. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While current global agriculture allows for efficient food production, it brings environmental disadvantages, which resulted in a lack of public acceptance. Digital technologies (e.g., technologies that enable precision agriculture) have been suggested as a potential solution to reconcile environmental sustainability and yield increases. By embedding digital technologies into holistic farming system visualized through mission statements, this study tests the effect of different intensities of digitization, as well as environmental arguments on the willingness to buy food produced by farms in Germany. We use a 4 x 4 repeated measure experimental design surveying a representative sample of 2,020 German citizens recruited online. Our research framework captures the farming system (comparing low intensity of digitalization for a small or organic farm and low, medium, and high intensity of digitalization for large or conventional farms) and environmental arguments (comparing no arguments, and altruistic, egoistic, and biospheric arguments). The results show a negative effect of digital technologies on willingness to buy. However, this relationship turns positive when introducing environmental arguments. Furthermore, there is a moderation effect for respondents’ attitudes towards technologies that varies depending on whether altruistic, egoistic, or biospheric concerns were stated. The results indicate that digital technologies can increase willingness to buy products from both large and conventional farms, but not to the level of small farms and organic farms.
Collapse
|
46
|
Meng X, Chan AHS. Improving the Safety Performance of Construction Workers through Individual Perception and Organizational Collectivity: A Contrastive Research between Mainland China and Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14599. [PMID: 36361479 PMCID: PMC9654985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Considering the increasing number in construction accidents in Mainland China and Hong Kong, research on improving the safety performance of construction personnel is important, given the essential role it plays in occupational safety development in industries. The present study aimed to assess the improving channels of safety performance through individual perception and organizational collectivity in a quantitative way by integrating safety motivation as the transition role between individual and organizational levels. The questionnaire survey was conducted with 180 participants from Hong Kong and 197 responses from Mainland China. Structural equation modeling was applied to investigate and compare the direct, indirect, and mediating effects among different safety constructs. This study is unique, as it firstly integrates the theories of personal cognition and group interaction together with the mechanism of safety performance development. Such integration can increase the effectiveness of reducing the unsafety of construction workers at both individual and organizational levels, thereby reducing the numbers of construction accidents, and promoting healthy occupational development of the personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Meng
- Sub-Institute of Public Security, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Alan H. S. Chan
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen A, Kayrala N, Trapeau M, Aoun M, Bordenave N. The clean label trend: An ineffective heuristic that disserves both consumers and the food industry? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4921-4938. [PMID: 36076364 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
What started around the late 2000s as the "Clean Label" (CL) trend has now become a meaningful segment of the food market, appealing to consumers who want foods made of a limited number of simple and recognizable ingredients. However, this description and tentative definitions of CL foods are vague, subject to multiple interpretations, and CL remains an informal denomination for foods, making consumers' demands and food manufacturers' offerings hardly compatible. Therefore, rather than attempting an illusory definition of CL foods, this narrative review aims to (1) show how CL appears to be a heuristic used by consumers to attempt to make safe and healthful food choices, (2) discuss how this heuristic overlooks many critical aspect of food safety and healthfulness and is consequently ineffective to guide consumers' choices, and (3) discuss the implications of the CL trend on the food chain's stakeholders and their relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Chen
- School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Kayrala
- School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maëliss Trapeau
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Aoun
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bordenave
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Goerlandt F, Li J. Forty Years of Risk Analysis: A Scientometric Overview. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:2253-2274. [PMID: 34784430 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Risk Analysis was first published in 1981, established with a vision to provide a platform for inquiry into fundamental risk-related concepts and theories, and to disseminate new knowledge about methods and approaches for identifying, analyzing, evaluating, managing, and communicating risk. The journal has also contributed significantly to a scientific understanding of specific risks related to human health and safety, engineering, ecological, and social systems. Published on behalf of the Society for Risk Analysis, the journal has become a leading platform over its 40-year history. Complementing recent celebratory overviews and perspectives on the evolution, achievements, and future challenges for Risk Analysis, this article presents a scientometric overview of the journal between 1981 and 2020. The study presents high-level insights in the journal publication trends and structure and trends in the leading countries/regions, institutions, and authors, in relation to their respective collaboration networks. Furthermore, the structure and evolution of research focus issues is analyzed, and highly cited publications are identified. The findings are primarily intended to provide high-level insights, which may be useful for early career academics and risk practitioners to understand the structure and development of the research domain, and its main contributors and topics, and for experienced researchers to reflect on the achievements and future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris Goerlandt
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jie Li
- National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Safety Science & Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mahdavian F, Warren GW, Evensen D, Bouder FE. The Relationship Between Barriers and Drivers of COVID-19 Protective Behaviors in Germany and the UK. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604970. [PMID: 36158783 PMCID: PMC9492856 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore and evaluate the impact of factors including public risk perceptions on COVID-19 protective behaviors across the UK and Germany. Methods: We used survey data collected from a representative sample for Germany and the UK (total N = 1,663) between April and May 2021. Using a Structural Equation Model, we evaluate the role of personal health risk perceptions, official message quality, source of news, age and political orientation on COVID-19 protective behaviors in the context of German and UK risk communication strategies. Results: Personal health risk perceptions had a significant positive influence on protective behaviors. Economic risk perceptions had a negative direct influence on protective behaviors, particularly in Germany, as well as a positive indirect influence. Official message quality, use of official news sources and age had positive impacts on risk perceptions and protective behaviors. Left-wing political orientation was linked to greater likelihood of undertaking protective behaviors. Conclusion: For future pandemics, more attention should be paid to evaluating and conceptualizing different varieties of risk perceptions, risk communication strategies, and demographic variables alongside their impacts on undertaking protective behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George W. Warren
- Department of Geography, School of Global Affairs, Faculty of Social Science & Public Policy, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darrick Evensen
- Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic E. Bouder
- Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xie Q, Xue Y. The Prediction of Public Risk Perception by Internal Characteristics and External Environment: Machine Learning on Big Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159545. [PMID: 35954895 PMCID: PMC9368627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the public’s perception of risk in terms of topical social issues is mainly measured quantitively using a psychological scale, but this approach is not accurate enough for everyday data. In this paper, we explored the ways in which public risk perception can be more accurately predicted in the era of big data. We obtained internal characteristics and external environment predictor variables through a literature review, and then built our prediction model using the machine learning of a BP neural network via three steps: the calculation of the node number of the implication level, a performance test of the BP neural network, and the computation of the weight of every input node. Taking the public risk perception of the Sino–US trade friction and the COVID-19 pandemic in China as research cases, we found that, according to our tests, the node number of the implication level was 15 in terms of the Sino–US trade friction and 14 in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following this, machine learning was conducted, through which we found that the R2 of the BP neural network prediction model was 0.88651 and 0.87125, respectively, for the two cases, which accurately predicted the public’s risk perception of the data on a certain day, and simultaneously obtained the weight of every predictor variable in each case. In this paper, we provide comments and suggestions for building a model to predict the public’s perception of topical issues.
Collapse
|