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Rosa GB, Staiano V, Ponikvar K, Magalhães JP, Correia IR, Hetherington-Rauth M, Sardinha LB. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness correlates in youth: A hierarchy of behavioral, contextual, and health-related outcomes. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:486-492. [PMID: 38531732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the health importance of identifying correlates of physical fitness in youth, no investigation to date has explored the influence of behavioral, health-related, and contextual correlates simultaneously. We investigated the hierarchical relationship of multiple modifiable correlates favoring or diminishing cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in youth. DESIGN Cross-sectional investigation. METHODS In a sample of 5174 children and adolescents, 31 correlates were hierarchized according to their impact on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness assessed using the FITESCOLA® fitness battery. A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection approach was employed and measures of correlation and association were used to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and correlates. RESULTS In children, body mass index was the most relevant factor to discriminate between high and low cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness of the upper, middle, and lower body. While body mass index was more important than any other correlate to differentiate levels of upper and lower body muscular fitness during adolescence, specific characteristics of sports participation emerged as key factors to discriminate between high and low cardiorespiratory fitness and middle body muscular fitness. Other correlates, including the self-report of active recess time, active commuting to school, favorable neighborhood conditions, and limited time on screens and cellphones, were demonstrative of favorable physical fitness levels. CONCLUSIONS Both body composition and sports-related characteristics emerged as the two most relevant factors of physical fitness in youth. Additional health benefits may be obtained from building supportive environments for sports and healthy exercise habits within the household and at different school education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil B Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Viviana Staiano
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy
| | | | - João P Magalhães
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês R Correia
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Racil G, Aouichaoui C, Hawani A, Signorelli P, Chamari K, Migliaccio GM, Trabelsi Y, Padulo J. The impact of interval training on adiponectin to leptin ratios and on blood pressures in severely obese adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38904424 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2369447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Interval-training is widely implemented among populations with obesity to decrease metabolic-disorders; however, high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) has rarely been studied in severely obese adolescent girls. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval-training (MIIT), on cardiometabolic risk factors and hormonal-ratios in severely-obese-girls. For this aim, 35 female-adolescents (14.4 ± 1.4 years) were assigned randomly into HIIT (n = 12) and MIIT (n = 12), groups and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both training groups significantly improved (p < 0.05): the body-mass, body-mass-index (BMIp95), body-fat (BF%), waist-circumference (WC), mean-arterial-pressure (MAP), with a slight increase in the HIIT group. However, HIIT induced greater improvements on the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX) and the speed related (24.7 and 11.8%) compared to MIIT. Higher improvements occurred in HIIT group related to leptin and adiponectin concentrations and the A/L ratio at (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings indicate that both HIIT and MIIT can positively influence body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness. Given the significant correlation noted between the A/L ratio, BMIp95, BF%, and MAP post-HIIT, this training modality may be considered a more advantageous approach over MIIT for mitigating cardio-metabolic issues in severely obese adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Racil
- Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chirine Aouichaoui
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology: From Integral to Molecular, Biology, Medicine and Health (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Hawani
- Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Lab. Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Biochemistry Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Karim Chamari
- Naufar, Wellness and Recovery Center, Doha, Qatar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gian Mario Migliaccio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Yassine Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology: From Integral to Molecular, Biology, Medicine and Health (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Noij L, Terheggen-Lagro S, Muselaers E, Whittaker E, Gosling J, Brackel C, Oostrom K, Alsem M. A Multidisciplinary Approach: Management and Rehabilitation of Children With Pediatric Post-COVID-19 Condition. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00881. [PMID: 38808972 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 condition in children is a still largely unknown syndrome with a diverse pattern of symptoms, which can have a major impact on daily life. Currently, there are no evidence-based proven treatments, and the focus is on symptom management and recovery of daily functioning. A multidisciplinary, tailored approach is recommended, with attention to energy management and activity building, where the main goal should be a return to baseline levels of cognitive, physical and social activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Noij
- From the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
| | - Suzanne Terheggen-Lagro
- From the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
| | - Eefje Muselaers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Whittaker
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline Brackel
- From the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi MC, Hilversum, The Netherland
| | - Kim Oostrom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam
| | - Mattijs Alsem
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Monyeki MA, Veldsman T, Coetzee B, Sparks M, Moss SJ, Pienaar C, Swanepoel M, Malan L, Kruger HS. Relationships between Iron Status and Selected Physical Fitness Components of South African Adolescents: The PAHL-Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:659. [PMID: 38929238 PMCID: PMC11202035 DOI: 10.3390/children11060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Poor iron status is detrimental to physical and cognitive performance in adolescents. Due to the limited studies investigating the association between iron status and physical fitness components in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries, we aimed to determine the association of iron status with selected physical fitness components in South African adolescents. A cross-sectional study design, including 178 adolescents (102 girls and 76 boys) from the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS), was followed. Height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, WHO BMI-for-age-specific categorised body fatness. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined with a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max), and lower-body explosive power by the standing broad jump (SBJ). Fasting haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin were analysed from blood samples. Correlation analyses determine the association between iron status, explosive power and cardiorespiratory fitness. Of the 178 participants, 18.5% (n = 33) had low Hb, and 14% (n = 25) iron deficiency without anaemia. Significant positive correlations were found between the selected physical fitness components, ferritin, and Hb. In boys, a positive association was found between Hb and SBJ (r = 0.30, p = 0.006), whilst in girls, positive associations were found between ferritin (r = 0.25, p = 0.04) and SBJ, and Hb with both SBJ (r = 0.21, p = 0.03) and V˙O2max (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). Hb concentration remained associated with V˙O2max and SBJ in girls after adjustment for age, whilst in boys, Hb concentration was associated with SBJ. Higher iron status in South African adolescents is associated with higher lower-limb explosive power and cardiorespiratory fitness. We suggest monitoring of haematological parameters, and interventions to improve the iron status of South African adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makama Andries Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Tamrin Veldsman
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Ben Coetzee
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Martinique Sparks
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Sarah Johanna Moss
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Cindy Pienaar
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Sport Studies, Durban University of Technology, Kwa-Zulu Natal 4000, South Africa
| | - Mariette Swanepoel
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (T.V.); (B.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.M.); (C.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Linda Malan
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (L.M.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Herculina Salome Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (L.M.); (H.S.K.)
- Medical Research Council Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Del Mar Sánchez-Serrano M, Abenza-Cano L. Are physical activity and/or adherence to the Mediterranean diet determinants of the changes found in kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness in adolescents? BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38764036 PMCID: PMC11103987 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The practice of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) have been extensively studied for their relationship with kinanthropometric, body composition and physical fitness variables. However, no previous study has analyzed whether these healthy habits are equally determinant for the differences found in kinanthropometric, body composition and physical fitness variables or, on the contrary, if one of them is more relevant. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to analyze the differences in kinanthropometric, body composition, and physical fitness variables between adolescents with different levels of physical activity and AMD, and (2) to determine whether physical activity and/or AMD are predictors of differences in kinanthropometric variables, body composition or physical fitness in adolescents. The sample consisted of 791 adolescents (404 males and 387 females; mean age: 14.39±1.26 year-old) whose physical activity level, AMD, kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness, were measured. The results showed differences when considering the level of physical activity in kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness, but not the level of AMD, which was relevant only when it was poor, and the adolescents were inactive. Nevertheless, the AMD did not seem to exert such a determining effect as to produce significant differences on its own. On the other hand, the practice of physical activity did act as a predictor mainly of changes in the fitness variables. Therefore, the main novelty of the present study is the establishment of an order of importance of the healthy habits acquired by adolescents, concluding that the practice of physical activity is more determinant for the differences found in the study variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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6
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Aertssen W, van de Kamp A, Jelsma LD, Smits-Engelsman B. Reliability and validity of the modified shuttle test-paeds to measure cardiorespiratory fitness in children. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:343. [PMID: 38760698 PMCID: PMC11100059 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Modified Shuttle Test-Paeds (Paeds), a recently developed 10-meter Shuttle run test for aerobic capacity in children. This study aims to investigate the construct validity (known-group and convergent validity) and test-retest reliability of the recently developed test for cardiorespiratory fitness, the Modified Shuttle Test-Paeds (Paeds). METHODS A total of 144 participants (6-12 y) were tested on the Paeds test, and 84 children were tested on the 20-meter Shuttle Run test (20 m-SRT) to assess construct validity. To evaluate test-retest reliability, 46 children were tested twice on the Paeds. RESULTS No sex differences were found, but there was an age effect. A strong correlation was found between Paeds and the 20 m-SRT (rs=0.78, p < 0.001). The test-retest reliability was good (ICC 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.91). CONCLUSION Paeds appears to be a reliable and valid tool for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in typically developing children aged 6-12 years and has the advantages of being shorter, needing less space, not requiring pacing and being self-motivational. More studies are needed to assess whether children reach an aerobic steady state in three minutes and how much of the results of the Paeds test can be explained by the agility component of the task (turning and grasping or aiming a bean bag). For clinical use, psychometric properties should be studied in various patient groups (e.g., ADHD, DCD, and children with intellectual disabilities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wfm Aertssen
- University for Professionals, Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - A van de Kamp
- University for Professionals, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - L D Jelsma
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bcm Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Zhang PP, Wang YX, Gu JY, Xu M, Zhou Y, Wang HJ, Lau PWC, Wang H, Li L. Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361447. [PMID: 38812818 PMCID: PMC11133549 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity tends to persist into adulthood, predisposing individuals to cardiometabolic risk (CMR). This study aims to investigate the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the associations between multiple fatness indicators and individual CMR markers and clustered CMR-score, and explore sex differences. Methods We recruited 1,557 children (age: 8 to 10, male/female: 52.7%/47.3%) in September 2022 in Ningbo, China. Physical examinations, overnight fasting blood test, and CRF was evaluated. The CMR-score was calculated by summing age- and sex-specific z scores of four CMR markers, including mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify the associations, mediation analyses were performed to dissect the function of CRF. Results Partial correlation analyses revealed positive associations between high fatness indicators (including body mass index [BMI], BMI z score, body fat mass index [BFMI] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and increased CMR markers, whereas high CRF was associated with decreased CMR markers (all P < 0.05). In the mediation analyses, CRF emerged as a partial mediator, attenuating the relationship between four fatness indicators and CMR-score. Specifically, CRF mediated 6.5%, 7.7%, 5.3%, and 12.5% of the association between BMI, BMI z score, BFMI, WHtR and CMR-score (all P < 0.001). And the mediating effects of CRF between WHtR and four individual CMR markers was particularly robust, ranging from 10.4% to 21.1% (all P < 0.05). What's more, CRF mediates the associations between WHtR and CMR-score more pronounced in girls than boys with a mediation effect size of 17.3% (P < 0.001). Conclusion In Chinese children, CRF partially mitigates the adverse effects of fatness on CMR, underscoring the significance of enhancing CRF in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Zhang
- Ningbo Center for Healthy Lifestyle Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C. Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), Zhuhai, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Vanhelst J, Lang JJ, Matelot D, Carré F, Mercier D, Ulmer Z, Oppert JM, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Fillon A, Béghin L, Tomkinson GR. Cardiorespiratory fitness has declined among French children since 1999, although the decline appears to be getting smaller. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14641. [PMID: 38682824 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong marker of current and future health. The aim of this study was to assess the national temporal trends in CRF for French children and adolescents between 1999 and 2022. METHODS CRF data were obtained from several cross-sectional studies on 15 420 (51.1% boys) French children and adolescents aged 9-16 years between 1999 and 2022. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) estimated CRF. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and body mass, with BMI z-scores (BMIz) calculated using WHO growth curves. The 20mSRT results were corrected for protocol and converted to z-scores (20mSRTz) using international sex- and age-specific norms. With additional adjustment for BMIz, temporal trends in mean 20mSRT performance (20mSRTz) were estimated using linear regression, with the distance max (Dmax) method used to locate a breakpoint and linear segments fitted to points below and above the breakpoint. Trends in distributional characteristics were assessed visually and described as the ratio of the coefficients of variation (CVs). RESULTS After adjustment for protocol, age, sex, and BMIz, a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance (trend per decade (95% CI): -1.42 SDs (-1.45, -1.39) or -18.4% (95% CI: -18.8, -18.0)) between 1999 and 2022 was found. Dmax located a breakpoint for the two-linear-segment model in year 2010. There was a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance pre-2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): -2.31 SDs (-2.39, -2.24)), which reduced 0.06-fold to a negligible decline post-2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): -0.15 SD (-0.20, -0.10)). We also found that the trend in mean 20mSRT performance was not uniform across the population distribution. Between 1999 and 2022, there was a small trend in distributional asymmetry, with slightly smaller declines experienced by the high performers (above the 75th percentile). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a large decline in the 20mSRT performance of French children and adolescents since 1999. This declining trend seems to have diminished considerably since 2010. Such declines in CRF could translate into declines in health status. Although a slowing in the declining trend in CRF in recent years is encouraging, more data are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - François Carré
- Department of Sport Medicine, Pontchaillou Hospital, LTSI INSERM, U1099, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Mercier
- Université de Grenoble, Départment STAPS, Grenoble, France
| | - Zékya Ulmer
- Centre de ressources et de preuves dédié à la prévention de la perte d'autonomie, Direction des études et de la prospective, Caisse Nationale de la Solidarité pour l'Autonomie (CNSA), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Human Nutrition Research Center Ile-de-France (CRNH IdF), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Georges Baquet
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Serge Berthoin
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Observatoire National de l'Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Béghin
- INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403-Clinical Investigation Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Zhong X, Wang C, Xu M, Yuan X, Jiang C. Physical training improves inhibitory control in children aged 7-12 years: An fNIRS study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114902. [PMID: 38341102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise plays a crucial role in the development of cognition and brain functions in children. Inhibitory control is an advanced cognition that affects children's life and learning. In the current study, the relationship between physical training and inhibitory control was explored. In total, 80 children were randomly but equally assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent physical training (volleyball) for 60 min, thrice a week for 12 weeks. In contrast, the control group did not undergo any training and continued with their daily routines. The flanker task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were employed to investigate the effects of 12-week physical training on inhibitory control and changes in the oxy-Hb concentration in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the task. The behavioral results revealed that the experimental group performed better on the flanker task (e.g., shorter response time [F(1,74) = 18.420, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.199] and higher accuracy [F(1,74) = 15.00, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.169] than the control group. The oxy-Hb concentration in the right dorsolateral PFC (R-DLPFC) was higher and the activation level of this region was higher during the flanker task [F(1,74) = 6.216, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.077]. Moreover, the McNemar test revealed improved cognitive performance in response time or accuracy and R-DLPFC activation induced by physical exercise coincided significantly (χ2 = 5.49, p < 0.05; χ2 = 6.081, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the R-DLPFC is likely the neural substrate for improved cognitive performance elicited by 12-week physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zhong
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yuan
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100089, China.
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Solera-Sanchez A, Christian DL, Beltran-Valls MR, Adelantado-Renau M, Martin-Smith R, MacDonald MJ, Tyler R, Fairclough SJ. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in primary school children in England: the mediating role of psychological correlates of physical activity. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:119-128. [PMID: 36226987 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221118771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims were (1) to analyse the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between children's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (2) to examine whether these associations were mediated by physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment. METHODS This study involved 383 children (10.0 ± 0.5 years) recruited from 20 primary schools in northwest England. Data were collected on two occasions 12 weeks apart. The number of laps completed in the 20-m Shuttle Run Test was used as the CRF indicator. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Physical activity self-efficacy and enjoyment were assessed with the social-cognitive and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale questionnaires, respectively. Linear mixed models with random intercepts (schools) assessed associations between CRF and HRQoL cross-sectionally, and longitudinally. Boot-strapped mediation procedures were performed, and indirect effects (IE) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) not including zero considered as statistically significant. Analyses were adjusted for sex, time of the year, socioeconomic status, waist-to-height ratio, maturation, and physical activity. RESULTS CRF was cross-sectionally associated with HRQoL (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.16; p = .015). In the longitudinal analysis, CRF at baseline was associated with HRQoL at 12 weeks after additionally controlling for baseline HRQoL (β = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.002; p = .15, p = .045). Cross-sectionally, physical activity self-efficacy and enjoyment acted individually as mediators in the relationship between CRF and HRQoL (IE = 0.069, 95% CI = 0.038; p = .105 and IE = 0.045, 95% CI = 0.016; p = .080, respectively). In the longitudinal analysis, physical activity self-efficacy showed a significant mediating effect (IE = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.004; p = .054). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the influence of CRF on children's psychological correlates of physical activity and their overall HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solera-Sanchez
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - D L Christian
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - M R Beltran-Valls
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
| | - M Adelantado-Renau
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - R Martin-Smith
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - M J MacDonald
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - R Tyler
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - S J Fairclough
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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11
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Yin X, Zhang F, Bi C, Liu Y, Guo Y, Sun P, Hong J. Association between soybean product consumption and executive function in Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1348918. [PMID: 38487627 PMCID: PMC10937359 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1348918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This sought to explore the association between soybean product consumption and executive function (EF) in Chinese Tibetan adolescents in high-altitude areas. Methods A total of 1,184 Tibetan children and adolescents were tested on demographic variables, soybean product consumption, and executive function in Lhasa and Nagchu regions of Tibet, China, using stratified whole population sampling. One-way ANOVA, linear regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the associations existing between soybean product consumption and executive function. Results The proportions of Hardly ever, Occasionally, and Often in Soy Consumption among Tibetan children and adolescents in high altitude areas of Tibet, China were 21.7, 50.3, and 28.0%, respectively. The difference in 2 back reaction time among Tibetan children and adolescents with different soybean product consumption was statistically significant (F = 6.374, p = 0.002). The difference in conversion function reaction time was also statistically significant (F = 8.129, p < 0.001). Taking the soybean product consumption ≥6 t/w group as the reference group, after adjusting the relevant factors, those with soybean product consumption ≤1 t/w showed a statistically significant increase in Inhibit Function Dysfunction (OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.152, 2.951) and Conversion Function Dysfunction (OR = 2.008, 95% CI: 1.106, 3.646) had an increased risk of Conversion Function Dysfunction (OR = 2.008, 95% CI: 1.106, 3.646), which was significantly different (p < 0.05). Conclusion There is an association between soybean product consumption and inhibitory control and translational flexibility of brain executive functions in Chinese Tibetan children and children and adolescents at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunjian Bi
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Physical Education College of Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Martínez-Lemos I, Otero Rodríguez A, Diz J, Ayán C. Reliability and criterion-related validity of the Cooper test in pre-adolescents and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:222-236. [PMID: 38451828 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2326352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The Cooper test (CT) is used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in pre-adolescents and adolescents, although it was originally developed to assess healthy adults. The aim of this study is to examine the available scientific evidence on the reliability and criterion validity of CT when administered to pre-adolescents and adolescents. Systematic searches were performed in three electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscuss and Scopus). To examine reliability and validity, four separate meta-analyses were implemented, finding high heterogeneity in studies with low methodological quality. There was a paucity of research regarding absolute reliability, while studies attempting to develop or cross-validate VO2max/VO2peak equations were almost non-existent. Information on the psychometric properties of CT in pre-adolescents under 12 years of age is scarce. The findings of this review cast doubt on the usefulness of CT both in identifying CRF and in determining the impact of strategies developed to improve CRF among pre-adolescents and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez-Lemos
- Department of Special Didactics, Well-Move Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A Otero Rodríguez
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Communication, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J Diz
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Well-Move Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - C Ayán
- Department of Special Didactics, Well-Move Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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13
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Boat R, Williams RA, Dring KJ, Morris JG, Sunderland C, Nevill ME, Cooper SB. Associations of Self-Control with Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Adiposity in Adolescents. Behav Med 2024; 50:82-90. [PMID: 36093957 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The associations between self-control and objective measures of physical activity, physical fitness, and adiposity are yet to be explored in young people; this is a gap in the literature that the present study aimed to address. The study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 101 young people participated in the study. Participants completed the Brief Self-Control Scale as a measure of trait self-control. Free-living physical activity was assessed using an ActiGraph GT3X + triaxial accelerometer, which was worn for 7 days. Participants also completed the 15-meter version of the multistage fitness test as a measure of physical fitness. For the assessment of adiposity, three criterion measures were used: body mass index (BMI), sum of skinfolds, and waist circumference. Data were analyzed using the glm function in the open access software R. Higher levels of trait self-control were associated with higher levels of physical fitness (measured by distance run on the multistage fitness test) and lower adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, and sum of skinfolds) in adolescents. There was a tendency for a positive association between self-control and time spent in vigorous physical activity, although this did not reach statistical significance. In a combined model, self-control was also associated with both physical fitness and waist circumference, with these effects independent of each other. These findings suggest that self-control is associated with healthy behaviors and characteristics in adolescents and is thus potentially an attractive target for future interventions aimed at increasing physical activity and physical fitness and reducing adiposity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Boat
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ryan A Williams
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karah J Dring
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline Sunderland
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon B Cooper
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Rubín L, Mitáš J, Vorlíček M, Dygrýn J, Suchomel A, Lang JJ, Tomkinson GR. Normative-referenced values for health-related fitness among Czech youth: Physical fitness data from the study IPEN Adolescent Czech Republic. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:279-286. [PMID: 38309706 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to developed sex- and age-specific normative-referenced percentile values for health-related fitness among 12 to 18 years old Czech youth. METHODS This study included cross-sectional data from 1,173 participants (50.7% boys) collected between 2013 and 2016. Participants were recruited from 32 elementary or secondary schools across eight cities located in the Czech Republic. Health-related fitness was objectively measured using both anthropometric (height, body mass, and sum of skinfolds) and performance (20-m shuttle run for cardiorespiratory endurance, modified push-ups for muscular strength/endurance, and V sit-and-reach for flexibility) tests. Sex- and age-specific normative values were calculated using the Lambda Mu Sigma method. Sex- and age-related differences in means were expressed as standardized effect sizes. RESULTS Normative percentiles were tabulated and displayed as smoothed curves. Among boys, measures of health-related fitness generally increased with age, except for an age-related decline in the sum of skinfolds and a plateau in V sit-and-reach. Among girls, most measures of health-related fitness increased from age 12 to 16 years before stabilizing, except for the sum of skinfolds, which remained stable from age 12 to 18 years. The sex-related differences were large with boys having higher cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength/endurance than girls. Girls compared to boys had higher flexibility. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the most up-to-date sex- and age-specific normative-referenced percentile values for health-related fitness among Czech youth. Normative values may be useful for fitness and public health screening and surveillance, for example, by helping to identify youth with low fitness who might benefit from a fitness-enhancing intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Rubín
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vorlíček
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dygrýn
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Suchomel
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, College of Education and Human Development, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Becker S, Simon S, Dindorf C, Dully J, Bartaguiz E, Schmitz L, Kothe N, Fröhlich M, Ludwig O. Fatigue as a key factor for testing knee stability with single leg drop landing for injury prevention and return to play tests. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1243732. [PMID: 38022784 PMCID: PMC10657893 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1243732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fatigue can decrease knee stability and increase the injury risk. However, fatigue is rarely being applied throughout movement analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate if the knee stability throughout SLDLs differ between cyclic and acyclic sports, before and after fatigue in general, and between the dominant and non-dominant leg of soccer players. Methods A total of 43 active male (n = 34) and female (n = 9) athletes (age: 26.5 ± 7.2) participated in this study with a pre-post-design. Subjects performed a single leg drop landing (SLDL) from a plyobox. For each leg, the two-dimensional frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was analyzed. After pretesting the shuttle run test was performed until exhaustion, before repeating the measurements. Results ANOVA with repeated measures was applied and identified no significance difference for the FPPA between cyclic and acyclic sports (F = 0.98, p = 0.33), a significant difference before and after fatigue (F = 12.49, p = 0.002) and no significant difference between the dominant and non dominant leg of soccer players (F = 4.35, p = 0.26). Discussion Fatigue seems to be able to have a significant influence on knee stability in the frontal axis. Therefore, fatigue should be included in motion analysis for injury prevention and return to play tests because during this physical state most injuries happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Becker
- Department of Sport Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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16
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Olds T, Dumuid D, Eglitis E, Golley R, Fraysse F, Miatke A, Tomkinson GR, Watson A, Munzberg M, Maher C. Changes in fitness and fatness in Australian schoolchildren during the summer holidays: fitness lost, fatness regained? A cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2094. [PMID: 37880621 PMCID: PMC10601165 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that children's fatness increases and fitness declines at a greater rate during the summer holiday period, compared with the school year. The aim of this study was to compare rates of change in fitness and fatness over the in-term and summer holiday periods among Australian schoolchildren. A secondary aim was to explore whether rates of change differed according to the child's sex, socio-economic status (SES), pubertal status and weight status. METHODS Children (n = 381) initially in Grade 4 (age 9) were recruited for this 2-year longitudinal study. Fatness (% body fat, BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio) and fitness (20-m shuttle run and standing broad jump) were measured at the start and end of two consecutive years. Rates of change were calculated for the two in-school periods (Grades 4 and 5) and for the summer holiday period. Rates of change in fatness and fitness between in-school and holiday periods were compared, and differences in rates of change according to sex, socio-economic status, and weight status were explored. RESULTS During the holidays, percentage body fat increased at a greater rate (annualised rate of change [RoC]: +3.9 vs. Grade 4 and + 4.7 vs. Grade 5), and aerobic fitness declined at a greater rate (RoC - 4.7 vs. Grade 4 and - 4.4 vs. Grade 5), than during the in-school periods. There were no differences in rates of change for BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio or standing broad jump. Body fatness increased faster in the holidays (relative to the in-school period) in children who are overweight and from low-SES families. Aerobic fitness declined more rapidly in the holidays in children who are overweight. CONCLUSION This study highlights that during the summer holiday period, children experience greater increases in fatness and declines in fitness, with children who live with low-SES families and are overweight being more affected. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions during this period to address these negative health trends. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN12618002008202. Retrospectively registered on 14 December 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Emily Eglitis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Rebecca Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - François Fraysse
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Aaron Miatke
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Amanda Watson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Mason Munzberg
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
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Ghouili H, Dridi A, Ouerghi N, Ben Aissa M, Bouassida A, Guelmami N, Sortwell A, Branquinho L, Forte P, Dergaa I. Normative reference and cut-offs values of maximal aerobic speed-20 m shuttle run test and maximal oxygen uptake for Tunisian adolescent (elite) soccer players. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20842. [PMID: 37886771 PMCID: PMC10597831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop reference curves of aerobic parameters of 20 m shuttle run test for Tunisian soccer players. The study was conducted in the 2022/2023 pre-season. The reference curves of the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were developed according to the Lambda, Mu and Sigma (LMS) method, using data from 742 Tunisian premier league soccer players aged 11-18 years. Measured variables included: weight, height, body mass index and maximal heart rate (HRmax). HRmax was measured when the participants completed the maximal aerobic speed. VO2max was estimated using the 20 m shuttle run test protocol (speed increment every minute). Our results presented the smoothed percentiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th) of MAS (km/h) and VO2max (ml/kg•min⁻1) according to age. In addition, raw data showed that VO2 max was positively correlated with age (r = 0.333; P < 0.001), height (cm) (r = 0.279; P < 0.001), weight (kg) (r = 0.266; P < 0.001), practice period (years) (r = 0.324; P < 0.001) and BMI (kg/m2) (r = 0.10; P < 0.05). However, it was negatively correlated to HRmax (bpm) (r = -0.247; P < 0.001). Only the measurements within the age group [12-12.99] are significantly higher (p < 0.001; ES = 0.63) compared with the previous age group [11-11.99]. Finally, regarding prevalence, our findings showed that 15.5 % of the players in our sample had VO2max values above the 87.7th percentile cut-off, while only 0.3 % exceeded the 99.18th percentile. The development of normative curves could help coaches and physical trainers to more accurately detect weaknesses in the aerobic performance of their players in order to sustain high-intensity repetitive actions during a soccer match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Ghouili
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Amel Dridi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Aissa
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Andrew Sortwell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, And Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Almeida G, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Lopes V, Cordovil R. "Profiles of motor competence and its perception accuracy among children: Association with physical fitness and body fat". PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 68:102458. [PMID: 37665902 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of this study were to identify profiles in school-aged children based on actual Motor Competence (MC) and accuracy of Perceived Motor Competence (PMC) and to examine how children with different profiles differ in terms of Physical Fitness (PF) and Body Fat percentage (BF%). The MC of a total of 287 children (51.6% boys, aged between 6 and 10 years-old) was assessed using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument, and the accuracy of the PMC was measured using motor tasks (standing long jump, throwing, kicking, and walking backwards). PF and BF% were assessed using the 20m shuttle run test and TANITA, respectively. Cluster (C) analysis revealed four profiles, two of which were aligned - high MC-accurate PMC (C4) and low-inaccurate (C2), and two that were non-aligned - high-inaccurate (C1) and low-accurate (C3). Children in C4 performed better on PF and had less BF% than children in C3 and C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Almeida
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Luís Paulo Rodrigues
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Vítor Lopes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Rey-López JP, Martín-Campoy R, Abenza-Cano L. The Role of Basic Psychological Needs in the Adoption of Healthy Habits by Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:592. [PMID: 37504039 PMCID: PMC10376858 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research in this field has not examined the significance of each of the basic psychological needs (BPNs) on changes in the physical activity level, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), kinanthropometric and derived variables, and the physical fitness of adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (a) to examine the variances in physical activity, AMD, and kinanthropometric and derived variables, as well as fitness levels, among adolescents with varying degrees of satisfaction regarding each of the BPNs and (b) to assess the differences in the study variables among adolescents based on whether the BPNs are satisfied individually or jointly. The sample consisted of 791 adolescents (404 males and 387 females; average age: 14.39 ± 1.26 years old). The findings indicated that adolescents in the highest percentiles (75-100) of competence, autonomy, or relatedness showed higher scores in physical activity and AMD and better kinanthropometric and physical fitness variables than adolescents in the lowest percentiles (0-25). Adolescents who showed joint satisfaction of all BPNs showed the best results on all variables analyzed. In addition, it should be noted that competence played the most relevant role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Pablo Rey-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Demers I, Moffet H, Maltais DB. Reliability of Selected Health-Related Fitness Tests for Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2023; 44:216-231. [PMID: 37381664 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2023.2223280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To quantify test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change for 90 and 95% confidence levels (90MDC, 95MDC) for health-related fitness tests in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Methods: Lower limb muscle strength [hand-held dynamometry (HHD), unilateral heel rise test (UHRT), standing broad jump (SBJ)], muscle endurance [Muscle Power Sprint Test (MPST)] and cardiorespiratory endurance [20-metre Shuttle Run Test (20mSRT)] were evaluated twice (2-7 day interval) in 31 children with DCD (20 males, 9.4 years old ± 2.0). Results: Test-retest reliability was reported as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2, 1) 95% confidence interval lower bounds. Values were excellent for MPST (peak and mean power: 0.93, 0.95), good for HHD (0.81-0.88), SBJ (0.82), and the 20mSRT (0.87) and moderate for UHRT (0.74). For HHD, the 90MDC and 95MDC were the largest for hip extensors (14.47, 12.14 Nm) and the smallest for ankle dorsiflexors (1.55, 1.30 Nm). For UHRT, SBJ, MPST and the 20mSRT, these MDC values were 11.90, 9.98 repetitions; 25.49, 21.38 cm; 4.70, 3.94 W (mean power), and 6.45, 5.42 W (peak power) and 0.87, 0.73 (number of stages), respectively. Conclusion: These tests yield reliable test-retest results that can be used to evaluate fitness changes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Demers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Moffet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Désirée B Maltais
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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Söderlund EE, Kyröläinen H, Laitinen-Vapaavuori OM, Hyytiäinen HK. Proposed Protocol for Field Testing of Endurance Fitness of Young Labrador Retrievers. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:61. [PMID: 37489428 PMCID: PMC10366876 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of dogs and, with it, dog sports are growing in popularity, and the training of dogs begins at an early age. Although fitness testing is an imperative part of purposeful training and sports, to our knowledge, no objective field tests are available for measuring young dogs' endurance fitness. The aim of this study is to describe a simple, easy-to-repeat, and inexpensive way to test training intervention effects on endurance fitness in young Labrador Retrievers. Healthy client-owned 16-week-old Labrador Retrievers will be recruited and divided into test and control groups. The test group will have an eight-week training program followed by a four-week detraining period, while the control group will live a normal puppy life. All dogs will be tested for endurance fitness four times at four-week intervals: at baseline, one month later, two months later at the end of the training period, and one month after ending the training program. Each of the four testing sessions will be identical and will consist of four measurements of heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BL): at baseline, after trotting 1000 m, after sprinting 200 m, and at recovery 5-8 min after the sprint. The training-induced changes in endurance fitness are evaluated by changes in HR and heart rate recovery times (HRR), BL, and running times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella-Erika Söderlund
- Department of Clinical Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Outi M Laitinen-Vapaavuori
- Department of Clinical Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli K Hyytiäinen
- Department of Clinical Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Huotari P, Gråstén A, Huhtiniemi M, Jaakkola T. Secular trends in 20 m shuttle run test performance of 14- to 15-year-old adolescents from 1995 to 2020. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:495-502. [PMID: 36533537 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether Finnish adolescents' cardiorespiratory fitness measured using the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) changed between 1995 and 2020 and to examine between-group variation in the five datasets during the past 25 years. METHODS Data on five cohorts were collected in 1995 (n = 498), 1998 (n = 796), 2003 (n = 2383), 2010 (n = 1383), and 2020 (n = 719). The 20mSRT was administered, following the exact same protocol, to all cohorts. A general linear contrast model was used to examine cohort differences in the 20mSRT scores. Variation across cohorts was tested using chi-square-based between-group tests. RESULTS Girls' 20mSRT scores decreased from 1995 to 2010 and remained stable from 2010 to 2020. Boys' 20mSRT scores decreased continuously from 1995 to 2020. In addition, the variation in girls' 20mSRT scores was larger in the 2020 than 2003 cohort, indicating the growth of SRT differences between individuals in 2020 cohort compared to 2003 cohort. Similarly, boys' scores showed greater variation, especially in the 2010 and 2020 cohorts than in the 1998 cohort. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed an overall decline in the cardiorespiratory fitness performance measured by 20mSRT of Finnish adolescents. Boys' scores decreased continuously from 1995 to 2020, whereas girls' scores remained stable after 2010. Examination of the variation in scores further revealed that the gap in scores between the adolescents with the highest and lowest scores increased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Huotari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Arto Gråstén
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.,College of Education, Physical Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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23
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Polman MAA, Beckers D, Burk WJ, Smit CR, Buijzen M, Vink JM, van den Broek N, Larsen JK. The effect of a multi-component school-based social network intervention on children's body mass index: a four-arm intervention study. Psychol Health 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36803013 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2179084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Schools are considered an important setting for stimulating healthy weight. The current study is unique in examining effects of a multi-component school-based social network intervention on children's body mass index z-scores (zBMI).Methods: Four schools were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: a social network intervention using influence agents focusing on water consumption, physical activity, a combination of the two, or a passive control condition. Participants included a total of 201 6- to-11-year-old children (53.7% girls; Mage = 8.51, SDage = 0.93). At baseline, 149 (76.0%) participants had a healthy weight, 29 (14.8%) had overweight and 18 (9.2%) had obesity.Results: Linear mixed effect models indicated that a multi-component school-based social network intervention targeting both water consumption and physical activity was most effective in decreasing children's zBMI.Conclusion: This study suggests that schools can contribute to the intervention of childhood obesity-even without involving the parents-by targeting both children's water consumption and physical activity through influential peers, but more research is needed to identify mechanisms of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes A A Polman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Desi Beckers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Crystal R Smit
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina van den Broek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Green R, West AT, Willems MET. Notational Analysis and Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Male Junior Badminton Match Play. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020035. [PMID: 36828320 PMCID: PMC9961854 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the game characteristics of badminton and the physiological and metabolic responses in highly trained male junior players. Players from a Badminton England accredited Performance Centre (n = 10, age: 14.0 ± 1.2 y, height: 1.69 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 59.1 ± 5.0 kg) completed a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max: 64 ± 7 mL·kg-1·min-1) and a simulated ability-matched competitive singles badminton game consisting of two 12-min games with a 2-min break wearing the COSMED K5 metabolic system with notational analysis. In five games, 427 points were contested with a rally time of 5.7 ± 3.7 s, a rest time of 11.2 ± 5.9 s, shots per rally of 5.6 ± 3.6, work density of 0.50 ± 0.21, an effective playing time of 32.3 ± 8.4%, and shots frequency of 1.04 ± 0.29. During badminton play, heart rate was 151 ± 12 b·min-1 (82 ± 10% of maximum heart rate), oxygen uptake was 39.2 ± 3.9 mL·kg-1·min-1 (62 ± 7% of V˙O2max), and energy expenditure was 11.2 ± 1.1 kcal·min-1 with a post-game blood lactate of 3.33 ± 0.83 mmol·L-1. Compared to adult badminton play, the physiological responses of junior badminton are lower and may be due to the shorter rally durations. Male junior badminton players should be exposed to training methodologies which include rally durations in excess of what they encounter during match play so as to develop greater consistency. Our observations on game characteristics and physiological responses during junior badminton can be used to inform training practice.
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Is cardiorespiratory fitness a moderator of the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in schoolchildren? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:213-220. [PMID: 35941230 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases the association between insulin resistance and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 430 schoolchildren (51.4% girls), aged 8-12 years, from 10 schools in Cuenca (Spain). Blood samples were drawn to measure fasting insulin levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was also assessed. Data on SSB consumption were gathered using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20 m Shuttle Run test and a curvilinear allometric model. RESULTS Our conditional regression estimates showed that CRF moderated the association of SSB consumption on insulin levels or HOMA-IR. In children who had levels of CRF < 34.4 ml/kg/min ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or < 33.6 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association between SSB consumption and fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR raised. Among children with CRF levels between 34.4 and 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or 33.6-55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on insulin level or HOMA-IR neither increased nor decreased. Among children with CRF levels > 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or > 55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that certain levels of CRF moderate the association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren.
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Abenza-Cano L, Albaladejo-Saura MD, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. Mandatory after-school use of step tracker apps improves physical activity, body composition and fitness of adolescents. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 28:1-32. [PMID: 36714445 PMCID: PMC9871433 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-023-11584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous scientific research on the use of mobile applications to increase physical activity level and improve health among adolescents does not provide conclusive results, one of the main reasons being the lack of adherence to the intervention after the first weeks. For this reason, the main objectives of the research were to determine the changes produced by a compulsory ten-week period of after-school intervention with mobile step-tracking applications on adolescents' health; and the final objective to compare the benefits obtained by each of the mobile applications. To meet the objectives, a longitudinal study with non-probability convenience sampling was proposed. The sample consisted of 400 adolescents from two public compulsory secondary schools in the Region of Murcia, Spain, whose body composition, level of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness were measured. The SPSS statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that adolescents in the experimental group showed a higher level of physical activity and better body composition and physical fitness variables after the intervention compared to the control group, with differences between the different applications used. In conclusion, this research shows the usefulness of mobile applications if they are used in a compulsory way after school hours. The relevance of these results for policymakers lies in the fact that they provide statistical data on the usefulness of mobile applications as an educational resource, being an option to make up for the lack of sufficient physical education teaching hours to meet global physical activity recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mateo-Orcajada
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, Murcia 30107 Spain
| | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, Murcia 30107 Spain
| | | | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, Murcia 30107 Spain
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Leone M, Levesque P, Bourget-Gaudreault S, Lemoyne J, Kalinova E, Comtois AS, Bui HT, Léger L, Frémont P, Allisse M. Secular trends of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents over a 35-year period: Chronicle of a predicted foretold. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1056484. [PMID: 36699865 PMCID: PMC9869753 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of concerns regarding the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of youth populations, the aims of this study were: (1) to update reference values for the VO2max for school-aged Canadians and (2) to document secular trends in CRF after a 35-year interval. Methods Between September 2014 and April 2017, the CRF of 3725 students (53.2% boys; 6.0 to 17.9 yrs) was determined using the 20-m shuttle run test. The sample was collected in 36 different schools from six cities of Québec (Canada). Results Median values of VO2max decreased with age in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). By the age of 10, more than 20% of boys showed VO2max values below the recommended value (42 ml·kg-1·min-1). At the age of 17, that proportion reached 56.8%. A similar proportion of 12 yrs girls (20%) were under the recommended minimal value (37 ml·kg-1·min-1) and that value reached 69.9% at the age of 17. Compared to 1982, the VO2max at age 17 has declined by 18% for boys and 12% for girls. The situation is worse in terms of functional capacity (number of stages completed) with an overall decrease of more than 30%. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, compared to data obtained using the same methodology 35 years ago, the CRF and functional capacity of children and adolescents has declined to levels that should raise concerns from a public health perspective. Thus, the development of strategies to promote a physically active lifestyle in youth is more relevant than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leone
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Mario Leone ✉
| | - Patrick Levesque
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Lemoyne
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Emilia Kalinova
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Steve Comtois
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hung Tien Bui
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Léger
- School of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Frémont
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Allisse
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Abenza-Cano L, Cano-Martínez A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. The Importance of Healthy Habits to Compensate for Differences between Adolescent Males and Females in Anthropometric, Psychological and Physical Fitness Variables. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121926. [PMID: 36553369 PMCID: PMC9777149 DOI: 10.3390/children9121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial stage in human development, and differences in psychological, physical and body composition variables between males and females have been amply demonstrated. However, the role played by certain healthy habits, such as the practice of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) or the maintenance of an adequate weight status, in compensating for the differences found between males and females in these variables, is not well known. For this reason, the study aimed to analyze whether the practice of physical activity, optimal AMD, and adequate weight status can compensate for the differences between adolescent males and females in anthropometric variables, psychological state, and physical fitness. The sample was composed of 791 adolescents (404 males and 387 females) aged twelve to sixteen years old, whose anthropometric, psychological (autonomy, competence, relatedness, and life satisfaction), and physical fitness variables (cardiorespiratory fitness, upper strength and explosive lower limb power, hamstring and lower back flexibility, and speed) were measured. All measurements were carried out in a single day using the sports pavilion of the four participating schools. The most novel results of this research show that the practice of physical activity was determinant mainly in females, as it reduced the differences found in comparison with males in psychological (p < 0.001−0.045) and anthropometric variables (p < 0.001). Regarding weight status and AMD, these were still relevant for the adolescent population, mainly the achievement of optimal AMD, but males continued to present higher values in physical fitness tests (p < 0.001) and lower values in fat accumulation (p < 0.001), regardless of weight status or AMD. Thus, physical activity seems to be the most determining factor that compensates for the differences between adolescent boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-27-82-17
| | | | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Kinanthropometry International, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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The moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in schoolchildren. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18630. [PMID: 36329113 PMCID: PMC9633592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mediating and moderating associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength on the association between dietary patterns and several health outcomes have been previously studied. For instance, handgrip strength has been found as a moderator of the relationship between excess weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults. Similarly, CRF has been shown as a mediator of the association between diet and obesity in children. However, to our knowledge, the role of CRF and handgrip strength on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and adiposity is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether CRF and handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study involved 475 schoolchildren (52.0% girls), aged 8-12, from ten schools in Cuenca (Spain). Adiposity was determined as body fat (in kg), which was measured using a bioimpedance analysis system. Data on SSB consumption were gathered by using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20-m Shuttle Run test and Nevill's curvilinear allometric model. Handgrip strength was determined using a digital dynamometer with adjustable grip. For each unit (in ml/kg/min) of CRF increased, the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was moderated (B = - 0.09, CI 95% - 0.14 to - 0.04). This significant moderation was also found for each 0.01 unit of increased normalized handgrip strength (B = - 0.07; CI 95% - 0.11 to - 0.02). Similarly, the Johnson-Neymann technique established three different regions. The first region shows that the association of SSB consumption on adiposity in participants who had levels of CRF < 43.4 ml/kg/min or handgrip strength < 0.34 was greater and statistically significant. The second region (43.4-57.4 ml/kg/min for CRF; 0.34-0.58 for normalized handgrip strength) depicted that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was not statistically significant in those with a CRF level or normalized handgrip strength between the lower and upper thresholds. The third region was found at > 57.4 ml/kg/min (for CRF level) and > 0.58 (for normalized handgrip strength), indicating that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was lower and statistically significant in children above these moderator values. Our results showed that certain levels of CRF and normalized handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren. It might be possible that higher physical fitness level in childhood may contribute to reducing the association between SSB consumption and adiposity.
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Yin X, Zhang F, Sun P, Liu Y, Guo Y. The Multistage 20-Meter Shuttle Run Test Reference Values for Tibetan Children and Adolescents in Tibet, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12703. [PMID: 36232003 PMCID: PMC9565077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reference data for Tibetan (Zang ethnicity) children and adolescents at high altitudes in Tibet of China are lacking. The present study aimed to develop sex- and age-specific 20mSRT norms for Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents at high altitudes. METHOD A total of 4667 participants from Lhasa (3650 m), Nagqu (4500 m), and Amdo (4700 m) were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling method in two stages. The 20 m SRT test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. The 20 m SRT norms were developed by the lambda, mu, and sigma method (LMS). RESULTS The 20 m SRT laps, completed stages/minutes, and the speed at the last complete stage of Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents aged 7-18 years increased with age. CONCLUSION Given the importance of CRF for children and adolescents' health, the government should strengthen the monitoring of the CRF of Tibetan children and adolescents in high-altitude areas, strengthen physical education curriculum reform, and increase the level of physical activity in order to improve the level of CRF in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yaru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Esparza-Ros F, Abenza-Cano L. Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the "Fat but Fit" Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710797. [PMID: 36078538 PMCID: PMC9518456 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The practice of physical activity during adolescence is essential for the proper development of the population. In recent decades, the relevance of physical activity has been increasing, due to the development of the "fat but fit" paradigm. This paradigm shows that adolescents with a high level of physical fitness are healthier than adolescents with poorer physical fitness, regardless of their weight, giving importance to sports practice over other aspects. However, few previous studies have analyzed the differences in physical and body composition between active and sedentary adolescents in this paradigm. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were to establish the differences in body composition, physical performance, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet between active and sedentary adolescents; and to analyze the differences between active and sedentary adolescents according to the "fat but fit" paradigm. The sample consisted of 791 adolescent whose body composition, level of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness were measured. It was found significant between active and sedentary adolescents in most of the anthropometric, AMD, and physical fitness variables, with a significant effect of the covariates gender, age, BMI, and biological maturation on the model. The binary logistic regression analysis performed shows that anthropometric variables, AMD, and VO2 max can be considered as primary outcomes to distinguish between active and sedentary groups of adolescents. Furthermore, the results showed that the active adolescents, regardless of their weight status, had lower fat mass and greater muscle mass, as well as a higher performance in the physical fitness tests, and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet than the sedentary adolescents. To conclude, the practice of physical activity is a determinant for the improvement of body composition, physical performance, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of the adolescent population, regardless of their gender, age, weight, or maturity status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Kinanthropometry International Chair, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-27-82-17
| | - Francisco Esparza-Ros
- Kinanthropometry International Chair, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Bulten R, Bedard C, Graham JD, Cairney J. Effect of cognitively engaging physical activity on executive functions in children. Front Psychol 2022; 13:841192. [PMID: 36059731 PMCID: PMC9428577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Physical activity (PA) has been shown to enhance executive functions (EFs) in children, and PA involving a cognitive component may confer additional benefit. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cognitively engaging PA impacts EF, and whether affect and fitness act as either mediators or moderators of this relationship. Methods A randomized controlled trial was utilized to assess changes in EFs between a 20-min Dual Task (intervention condition), a PA Task (control condition), and a Cognitive Task (control condition). Children were scheduled for two visits in the INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab at the University of Toronto. Physical fitness was assessed using the 20 m shuttle run, standing long jump, and grip strength tests. EFs were assessed using the Stroop Task, Trail Making Task (TMT), and Forward Working Memory Task (FWMT). Results 38 children (Mage = 11.95 years, SD = 0.49, 61% female) participated. Repeated measures ANOVA showed main interactions between time on inhibition scores (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.489), and positive affect scores (p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.284). Interaction effects between condition and time were not significant (p = 0.787, ηp2 = 0.014, p = .333, ηp2 = 0.061, p = 0.799, ηp2 = 0.013 for inhibition, switching, and passive working memory, respectively). Results showed no significant mediation effect of affect (95% CI = –0.5915, 2.147), or moderating effect between fitness and EF changes. Conclusion Possible explanations for these findings include inadequate cognitive engagement, lack of EF transfer, and statistical power. Results suggest any of these interventions may be beneficial for improving inhibition and positive affect in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheanna Bulten
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe Bedard
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Graham
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Cairney
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: John Cairney,
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Gråstén A, Huhtiniemi M, Kolunsarka I, Jaakkola T. Developmental associations of accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time with cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:884-889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Järvamägi M, Riso EM, Reisberg K, Jürimäe J. Development of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children in the Transition From Kindergarten to Basic School According to Participation in Organized Sports. Front Physiol 2022; 13:881364. [PMID: 35832477 PMCID: PMC9271798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.881364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the development of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children in the transition from kindergarten to basic school according to participation in organized sports and estimated the associations of CRF and body composition indices during the transition from childhood to preadolescence. Methods: Children participated in the three-staged study (kindergarten, 6.6 years, n = 212; 1st grade, 7.6 years, n = 136; and 5th grade, 11.5 years, n = 142) for 5 years and were categorized into three groups according to their participation in organized sports in the study period (whole period, episodically, and never). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by performing a 20-m shuttle run test, while body composition was measured by skinfold thicknesses, and physical activity was registered with an accelerometer. International gender- and age-specific CRF reference normativities were also used to characterize the participants. Results: Children who participated consistently in organized sports had significantly higher CRF levels and lower body fatness (31.3 ± 13.5 laps in 20 m shuttle run; 21.1% ± 6.3% body fat) in 11.5 years than in children who had never participated in sports clubs (20.7 ± 12.0 laps in 20-m shuttle run; 26.1% ± 6.8% body fat). Body composition and CRF did not associate in consistently trained children. The proportion of 5th grade children demonstrating age-appropriate healthy CRF was almost threefold higher in the group of consistent sports training among both boys and girls than among non-members of sports clubs. Conclusion: Consistent attendance in organized sports in childhood and early preadolescence ensures higher CRF and healthier body composition than in children who had no experience of organized sports.
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Zarzeczny R, Kuberski M, Suliga E. The Effect of Three-Year Swim Training on Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Selected Somatic Features of Prepubertal Boys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127125. [PMID: 35742374 PMCID: PMC9222604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The data regarding somatic and physiological effects of sport-related physical activities in youth are limited. Moreover, whether exercise training is capable of increasing cardio-respiratory fitness remains a disputable issue. The study undertook to assess the effect of swimming training on cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) and the development of physical traits in prepubertal boys, and to determine which of the traits is the best predictor of their CRF. Forty 10-year old prepubertal boys (10.5 ± 0.3 y) were divided into two groups (swimmers (SG), n = 20, and controls (CG), n = 20), which underwent anthropometric measurements and performed a 20 m shuttle run test (20 mSRT) semi-annually over a 3-year period. CRF indices (the number of 20 mSRT shuttles, maximal speed, and VO2max) were higher overall in the SG compared with the CG (p < 0.001). The values of the main physique variables increased faster in the CG, but the groups showed no differentiation of physical traits. In both groups, CRF indices were associated with the participants’ physical traits, the most strongly with the sum of four skinfold thicknesses in the SG and knee breadth in the CG. These results suggest that swimming training is a form of additional physical activity that improves prepubertal boys’ CRF but does not significantly affect their physical development. In using the 20 mSRT to assess the CRF of prepubertal boys, their physical activity level and age-related changes in body fatness need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Zarzeczny
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 5 Żeromskiego Str., 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariusz Kuberski
- Chair of Physical Culture Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Str., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Edyta Suliga
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 5 Żeromskiego Str., 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
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Booth JN, Chesham RA, Brooks NE, Gorely T, Moran CN. The Impact of the Daily Mile™ on School Pupils' Fitness, Cognition, and Wellbeing: Findings From Longer Term Participation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:812616. [PMID: 35572274 PMCID: PMC9095969 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School based running programmes, such as The Daily Mile™, positively impact pupils' physical health, however, there is limited evidence on psychological health. Additionally, current evidence is mostly limited to examining the acute impact. The present study examined the longer term impact of running programmes on pupil cognition, wellbeing, and fitness. Method Data from 6,908 school pupils (mean age 10.2 ± 0.7 years), who were participating in a citizen science project, was examined. Class teachers provided information about participation in school based running programmes. Participants completed computer-based tasks of inhibition, verbal and visual-spatial working memory, as well as the Children's Feeling scale and Felt arousal scale to determine subjective wellbeing. A multistage 20-m shuttle run test was used to estimate fitness. Results From our total sample of 6,908 school pupils, 474 participants had been taking part in a running programme for <2 months (Shorter term participation); 1,004 participants had Longer Term participation (>3 months); and 5,430 did not take part in a running programme. The Longer Term participation group had higher fitness levels than both other groups and this remained significant when adjusted for age, sex and SES. Moderated regression analysis found that for the Shorter Term participation group, higher shuttle distance was associated with better visual-spatial working memory. Effect sizes were small though. Conclusion We identified small and selective positive impact of participation in school based running programmes on fitness and cognition. While no long term benefit was identified for cognition or wellbeing, the impact on fitness and short term benefit suggest schools should consider participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine N Booth
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ross A Chesham
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi E Brooks
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Trish Gorely
- School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Colin N Moran
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Costache AD, Roca M, Honceriu C, Costache II, Leon-Constantin MM, Mitu O, Miftode RȘ, Maștaleru A, Iliescu-Halițchi D, Halițchi-Iliescu CO, Ion A, Duca ȘT, Popa DM, Abălasei B, Mocanu V, Mitu F. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Cardiac Biomarker Measurements in Young Football Players: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2772. [PMID: 35628899 PMCID: PMC9143869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Constant and intense physical activity causes physiological adaptive changes in the human body, but it can also become a trigger for adverse events, such as sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Our main objective was to assess the use of combined cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and cardiac biomarker determinants in young professional athletes. We conducted a study which involved the full examination of 19 football players, all male, aged between 18 and 20 years old. They underwent standard clinical and paraclinical evaluation, a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Afterwards, a tailored CPET was performed and peripheral venous blood samples were taken before and 3 h after the test in order to determine five biomarker levels at rest and post-effort. The measured biomarkers were cardiac troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (Myo), the MB isoenzyme of creatine-kinase (CK-MB), the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and D-dimers. While cTnI and NT-proBNP levels were undetectable both at rest and post-effort in all subjects, the variations in Myo, CK-MB and D-dimers showed significant correlations with CPET parameters. This highlights the potential use of combined CPET and biomarker determinants to evaluate professional athletes, and encourages further research on larger study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cezar Honceriu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Leon-Constantin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Ștefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Iliescu-Halițchi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Arcadia Hospital, 700620 Iasi, Romania
| | - Codruța-Olimpiada Halițchi-Iliescu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pediatrics, Arcadia Hospital, 700620 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Ion
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ștefania-Teodora Duca
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia-Melania Popa
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Beatrice Abălasei
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (I.-I.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); (A.M.); (D.I.-H.); (A.I.); (Ș.-T.D.); (D.-M.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
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A Sustainable Swedish School Intervention with Extra Aerobic Exercise—Its Organization and Effects on Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A large majority of Swedish children do not reach the recommended daily activity level. Some, but not all, studies show that extra physical activity may have positive effects on children’s school performance, physical fitness and health. The present purpose was to offer pupils from the 7th to the 8th grade extra aerobic exercise led by physical education teachers and to evaluate the effects on aerobic fitness, muscle strength, school grades and health. The hypothesis was that extra aerobic exercise would improve physical fitness, school grades and health. In the two-year project, 122 pupils aged 13–14 years from three schools constituted an aerobic group with 30 min extra exercise sessions (≥70% maximal heart rate) twice weekly. A control group of 26 pupils was included. All 148 pupils also had regular 60 min physical education lessons (2/week). A moderate to large significant effect size (via partial eta-squared) of the interaction effect for the aerobic group compared to the control group over time was generally seen for aerobic fitness, the muscle strength test with push-ups, school grades in Swedish, English and physical education, and in average school grade for four school subjects combined, thus also including mathematics. Within the aerobic group, significant improvements were also shown for aerobic fitness, endurance and strength of abdominal and leg muscles, and the total physical test index during the two-year project. The control group showed no corresponding improvement in these parameters. Improvements in school grades were generally seen among both sexes in the aerobic group, whereas improvements in physical capacity were distinctly more pronounced among boys and seldom among girls. A similar pattern with significant improvement in several school grades was noted in all three intervention schools, although one of the schools had a distinctly larger proportion of children who immigrated to Sweden. The aerobic group showed significantly higher ratings (with a small to moderate effect size) on several questions about physical self-perception than the control group at the end of the 8th grade. This teacher-led school intervention generated a sustainable project with improvements in physical fitness and school grades. The project might act as an inspiration for other schools to increase physical activity to improve physical fitness and possibly school grades.
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Fayazmilani R, Abbasi A, Hovanloo F, Rostami S. The effect of TRX and bodyweight training on physical fitness and body composition in prepubescent soccer athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Williams RA, Cooper SB, Dring KJ, Hatch L, Morris JG, Sun FH, Nevill ME. Physical fitness, physical activity and adiposity: associations with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function across adolescence. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35109814 PMCID: PMC8809029 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cross-sectional associations between physical activity, physical fitness and adiposity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease (particularly novel ones such as inflammatory cytokines) and cognitive function across the period of adolescence are not well understood. Additionally, novel physical activity metrics that summarise activity volume and intensity in a continuous manner have not been investigated in this context. Therefore, this study investigated the cross-sectional associations between physical activity, physical fitness and adiposity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function. These associations were compared between younger and older adolescents. METHODS Seventy younger (11-12y, 35 girls) and 43 older (14-15y, 27 girls) adolescents volunteered to take part in the study. Physical fitness (multi-stage fitness test, MSFT) and adiposity (waist circumference) were determined, followed 7d later by resting blood pressure, a fasted blood sample (glucose, plasma insulin, IL6, IL10, IL15 and IL-1β concentrations) and a cognitive function test battery. Habitual physical activity was monitored via hip-worn accelerometers over this 7-d period and the average acceleration (activity volume), and intensity gradient (intensity distribution of activity) were determined. RESULTS Average acceleration and intensity gradient were negatively associated with mean arterial blood pressure (β = -0.75 mmHg, p = 0.021; β = -10 mmHg, p = 0.006, respectively), and waist circumference was positively associated with IL-6 concentration (β = 0.03%, p = 0.026), with stronger associations observed in older adolescents. Higher physical fitness (MSFT distance) was positively associated with anti-inflammatory IL-15 concentration (β = 0.03%, p = 0.038) and faster response times on the incongruent Stroop task (β = -1.43 ms, p = 0.025), the one-item level of the Sternberg paradigm (β = -0.66 ms, p = 0.026) and the simple (β = 0.43 ms, p = 0.032) and complex (β = -2.43 ms, p = 0.020) levels of the visual search test, but these were not moderated by age group. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the important role of physical activity (both the volume and intensity distribution) and physical fitness for cardio-metabolic health. Furthermore, the present study highlights the importance of physical fitness for a variety of cognitive function domains in adolescents, irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Williams
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Simon B Cooper
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Karah J Dring
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Lorna Hatch
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Feng-Hua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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Pepera G, Hadjiandrea S, Iliadis I, Sandercock GRH, Batalik L. Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, hemodynamic characteristics, and sedentary behaviour in primary school-aged children. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:16. [PMID: 35109902 PMCID: PMC8809040 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases during childhood, adolescence and older ages. The purpose of the study was to investigate associations between fatness, hemodynamic characteristics and secondary time with CRF in primary school-aged children. METHODS Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), CRF (20 m shuttle-run) and sedentary time were measured for 105 children (categorized as normal, overweight, obese). The independent sample t-test checked for differences and one-way ANOVA-Post Hoc Test and stepwise linear regression analysis assessed the 20 m shuttle-run performance predictors. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in CRF between boys and girls. There was a statistically significant difference between (p < 0.05) CRF for Normal weight (M = 47.58 ± 3.26 kg m-2) and Obese (M = 44.78 ± 3.23 kg m-2). CRF correlated with age, BMI and sedentary time (r > 0.3; p < 0.05). BMI is the best independent predictor of CRF. CONCLUSIONS Children with normal BMI tend to present better CRF performance than obese and overweight children. Sedentary behaviour is associated with lower CRF in primary school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Pepera
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 3rd km of Old National Road, 35100, Lamia, Greece.
| | - Savvas Hadjiandrea
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 3rd km of Old National Road, 35100, Lamia, Greece
| | - Ilias Iliadis
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 3rd km of Old National Road, 35100, Lamia, Greece
| | - Gavin R H Sandercock
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ladislav Batalik
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on the Vascular and Autonomic Components of the Baroreflex at Rest in Adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2022; 34:13-19. [PMID: 34311441 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a sample of healthy adolescents, the authors aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) training and detraining on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and it's vascular and autonomic components at rest. METHODS Nineteen volunteers were randomly allocated to (1) 4 weeks HIIE training performed 3 times per week or (2) a control condition with no intervention for the same duration as HIIE training. PRE, POST, and following 2 weeks of detraining resting supine heart rate and blood pressure were measured, and a cross-spectral method (integrated gain [gain in low frequency]) was used to determine BRS gain. Arterial compliance (AC) was assessed as the BRS vascular component. LFgain divided by AC (LFgain/AC) was used as the autonomic determinant of BRS. RESULTS The HIIE training was completed with 100% compliance. HIIE did not change resting gain in low frequency (LFgain) (P = .66; effect size = 0.21), AC (P = .44; effect size = 0.36), or LFgain/AC (P = .68; effect size = 0.19) compared to control. CONCLUSION Four weeks of HIIE training does not change BRS and its autonomic and vascular determinant in a sample of healthy adolescents at rest.
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Rottermann K, Weigelt A, Stäbler T, Ehrlich B, Dittrich S, Schöffl I. New kids on the CPET: age-appropriate outdoor cardiopulmonary exercise testing in preschoolers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:791-800. [PMID: 35034205 PMCID: PMC8761385 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in preschoolers (4–6 years) represents a challenge. Most studies investigating CPET have been limited to older children (> 8 year). However, knowledge of the performance of small children is essential for evaluating their cardiorespiratory fitness. This study strives to compare a modified Bruce protocol with a new age-appropriate incremental CPET during natural movement running outdoors, using a mobile device. Methods A group of 22 4–6-year-old healthy children was tested indoor on a treadmill (TM) using the modified Bruce protocol. The results were compared with a self-paced incremental running test, using a mobile CPET device in an outdoor park. The speeds were described as (1) slow walking, (2) slow running, (3) regular running, and (4) running with full speed as long as possible. Results Mean exercise time outdoors (6,57 min) was significantly shorter than on the treadmill (11,20 min), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}{O}_{2peak}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak (51.1 ml/min/kg vs. 40.1 ml/min/kg), RER (1.1 vs. 0.98) and important CPET parameters such as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}E$$\end{document}V˙Emax, O2pulse, heart rate and breath rate were significantly higher outdoors. The submaximal parameter OUES was comparable between both the tests. Conclusions Testing very young children with a mobile device is a new alternative to treadmill testing. With a significantly shorter test duration, significantly higher values for almost all cardiopulmonary variables can be achieved without losing the ability to determine VT1 and VT2. It avoids common treadmill problems and allows for individualized exercise testing. The aim is to standardize exercise times with individual protocols instead of standardizing protocols with individual exercise times, allowing for better comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rottermann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annika Weigelt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Stäbler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ehrlich
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Section for Sports Medicine and Sport Orthopaedics, Klinikum, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schöffl
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Great Britain, Germany
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Actual and Perceived Motor Competence, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Schoolchildren: Latent Profile and Transition Analyses. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Engagement in physical activity plays a central role in the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight/obesity. However, some children may lack the skills and confidence to be physically active. This 3-year follow-up study aimed to form profiles based on cardiorespiratory fitness, actual motor competence, perceived motor competence, physical activity, and weight status, and to examine if these profiles remain stable from late childhood to early adolescence. All these variables were annually assessed in 1,162 Finnish schoolchildren (girls = 583 and boys = 564, Mage = 11.27 ± 0.32 years). Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles and latent transition analysis to examine the stability of latent statuses. Three profiles were identified: normal weight with high movement, normal weight with low movement, and overweight–obese with low movement. Profile memberships remained relatively stable over time, indicating that children with low actual and perceived motor competence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity in late childhood also tended to exhibit these characteristics in early adolescence.
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Sammoud S, Bouguezzi R, Ramirez-Campillo R, Negra Y, Prieske O, Moran J, Chaabene H. Effects of plyometric jump training versus power training using free weights on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:130-137. [PMID: 34749577 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1976570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to contrast the effects of power training (PT) and plyometric-jump-training (PJT) programmes on measures of physical fitness in prepubertal male soccer players. Thirty-three participants were randomly allocated to PT group (n = 11), PJT group (n = 11), and an active control group (CG; n = 11). Before and after 12 weeks of training, tests were performed for the assessment of sprint-speed , change-of-direction (CoD) speed, muscular strength , and aerobic-endurance (AE). Findings indicated significant group×time interaction effects for all sprint-speed intervals, CoD speed, AE, and strength (d = 0.20-0.32). Post-hoc analyses revealed significant, moderate-to-large improvements in all sprint-speed intervals, CoD speed, AE, and muscle strength following PT (ES = 0.71 to 1.38). The PJT induced significant, moderate-to-large enhancements in 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m sprint, CoD speed, and AE (ES = 0.51 to 0.96) with no significant changes for 5 m sprint-speed and muscle strength (ES = 0.71 and 0.16, respectively). No significant pre-post changes were observed for the CG . Overall, PT and PJT are effective means to improve various measures of physical fitness in prepubertal male soccer players. Notably, to additionally improve acceleration and muscle strength, PT has an advantage over PJT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senda Sammoud
- Research Unit (Ur17js01) «sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of "La Manouba", Tunisia
| | - Raja Bouguezzi
- Research Unit (Ur17js01) «sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of "La Manouba", Tunisia
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences. Universidad De Los Lagos. Santiago, Chile.,Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (Ur17js01) «sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of "La Manouba", Tunisia
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,High Institute of Sports and Physical education, Kef, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jandouba, Tunisia
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Daily Physical Education Linked to Higher Youth Aerobic Fitness Levels: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1261-1268. [PMID: 34433701 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical education (PE) provides opportunities for youth physical activity during the school day, yet daily PE policies remain low. This study investigated whether daily PE was linked to youth aerobic capacity across a 4-year period in Greenville (South Carolina). METHODS Youth in grade levels second to eighth at 2 schools providing daily PE and 2 schools that did not provide daily PE participated in the study (N = 466). The 2 schools used as comparisons provided standard PE outlined by South Carolina, which included one 50-minute session per week (elementary) and daily PE for one semester (middle school). Aerobic fitness was measured using the FITNESSGRAM® Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test (May 2011-2015). Number of Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run laps completed, age, gender, ethnicity, body composition, and school attended were included in multilevel linear regression analyses. RESULTS Across the sample, aerobic fitness increased with age. Throughout the study, males demonstrated growth in aerobic fitness compared with a slight decline for females (P < .001). Youth participation in daily PE was linked to increases in aerobic fitness compared with youth who did not receive daily PE (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that exposure to daily PE may contribute to increased aerobic fitness in youth.
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Smit MS, Raat H, Mölenberg F, Wolfers MEG, Bannink R, Jansen W. Study protocol for the evaluation of long-term effects of the school-based obesity prevention program Lekker Fit! ('enjoy being fit'): a retrospective, controlled design. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046940. [PMID: 34389567 PMCID: PMC8365823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preventive interventions to reduce overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are studied on their effectiveness worldwide. A number with positive results. However, long-term effects of these interventions and their potentially wider influence on well-being and health have been less studied. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of a multicomponent intervention in elementary school children targeting individual behaviour as well as environment (Lekker Fit!). The primary outcomeis body mass index and the secondary outcomes are waist circumference, weight status, physical fitness, lifestyle, psychosocial health and academic performance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In a naturalistic effect evaluation with a retrospective, controlled design adolescents in secondary schools, from intervention and non-intervention elementary schools, will be compared on a wide set of outcome variables. Data will be collected by questionnaires and through anthropometric and fitness measurements by trained physical education teachers and research assistants. Baseline data consist of measurements from the adolescents at the age of 5 years old and are gathered from preventive youth healthcare records, from before the intervention took place. Multilevel regression models will be used and adjusted for baseline measurements and potential confounding variables on the individual and environmental level. Furthermore, propensity scores will be applied. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (permission ID: MEC-2020-0644). Study findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and by conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL8799. Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hein Raat
- Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rienke Bannink
- Policy and Research, CJG Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Social Development, Gemeente Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Armstrong N, Welsman J. Comment on 'Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test as a Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults and Youth'. Sports Med 2021; 51:1591-1593. [PMID: 34014502 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Armstrong
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, St Lukes Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Jo Welsman
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, St Lukes Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to review traditional and new perspectives in the interpretation of the development of youth cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS We analyzed data from (i) the literature which for 80 yr has been traditionally based on interpretations of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2) in ratio with body mass (BM) and (ii) recent multilevel allometric models founded on 994 (475 from girls) determinations of 10- to 16-yr-olds' peak V˙O2 with measures of age, maturity status, and morphological covariates (BM and fat-free mass), and from 10 to 13 yr, 110 peak V˙O2 determinations of maximum cardiovascular covariates (stroke volume, cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference). RESULTS The application of ratio scaling of physiological variables requires satisfying specific statistical assumptions that are seldom met. In direct conflict with the ratio-scaled data interpretation of CRF, multilevel allometric modeling shows that with BM controlled, peak V˙O2 increases with age but the effect is smaller in girls than boys. Maturity status exerts a positive effect on peak V˙O2, in addition to those of age and BM. Changes in maximum cardiovascular covariates contribute to explaining the development of CRF, but fat-free mass (as a surrogate for active muscle mass) is the most powerful single influence. With age, maturity status, morphological covariates, and maximum cardiovascular covariates controlled, there remains an unexplained ~4% to ~9% sex difference in peak V˙O2. CONCLUSIONS The traditional interpretation of peak V˙O2 in ratio with BM is fallacious and leads to spurious correlations with other health-related variables. Studies of the development of CRF require analyses of sex-specific, concurrent changes in age- and maturation-driven morphological and maximum cardiovascular covariates. Multilevel allometric modeling provides a rigorous, flexible, and sensitive method of data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Armstrong
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
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López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Tárraga López PJ, Yuste Lucas JL. Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Mediator of the Relationship of Recreational Screen Time on Mediterranean Diet Score in Schoolchildren. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4490. [PMID: 33922666 PMCID: PMC8122944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet as well as lower recreational screen time. Similarly, higher screen time has been negatively linked to a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, the mediator effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on the influence of screen time on adherence to the Mediterranean diet is still unknown. The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to assess the combined association of recreational screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adherence to Mediterranean diet among Spanish schoolchildren, and second, to elucidate whether the association between recreational screen time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 370 schoolchildren aged 6-13 years from six schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain) were included. RESULTS The mediation analysis showed that once screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were included together in the model, cardiorespiratory fitness was positively linked to adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p = 0.020) and although screen time remained negatively related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, this association was slightly attenuated (indirect effect = -0.027; 95% CI = (-0.080, -0.002)). CONCLUSIONS This research supports that cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce the negative association between screen time and Mediterranean dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 71783-5, Chile
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain;
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), 40000 Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Juan Luis Yuste Lucas
- Departamento de Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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