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Gleeson TA, Kaiser C, Lawrence CB, Brough D, Allan SM, Green JP. The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for IL-18 production in a murine model of macrophage activation syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050762. [PMID: 38775430 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperinflammatory disease is associated with an aberrant immune response resulting in cytokine storm. One such instance of hyperinflammatory disease is known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The pathology of MAS can be characterised by significantly elevated serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). Given the role for IL-18 in MAS, we sought to establish the role of inflammasomes in the disease process. Using a murine model of CpG-oligonucleotide-induced MAS, we discovered that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was increased and correlated with IL-18 production. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome or the downstream caspase-1 prevented MAS-mediated upregulation of IL-18 in the plasma but, interestingly, did not alleviate key features of hyperinflammatory disease including hyperferritinaemia and splenomegaly. Furthermore blockade of IL-1 receptor with its antagonist IL-1Ra did not prevent the development of CpG-induced MAS, despite being clinically effective in the treatment of MAS. These data demonstrate that, during the development of MAS, the NLRP3 inflammasome was essential for the elevation in plasma IL-18 - a key cytokine in clinical cases of MAS - but was not a driving factor in the pathogenesis of CpG-induced MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Gleeson
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack P Green
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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2
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Di C, Ji M, Li W, Liu X, Gurung R, Qin B, Ye S, Qi R. Pyroptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells as a Potential New Target for Preventing Vascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07578-w. [PMID: 38822974 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the adaptive response of the vessel wall to physiological and pathophysiological changes, closely linked to vascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in this process. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death characterized by excessive release of inflammatory factors, can cause phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, leading to their proliferation, migration, and calcification-all of which accelerate vascular remodeling. Inhibition of VSMC pyroptosis can delay this process. This review summarizes the impact of pyroptosis on VSMCs and the pathogenic role of VSMC pyroptosis in vascular remodeling. We also discuss inhibitors of key proteins in pyroptosis pathways and their effects on VSMC pyroptosis. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling and provide a foundation for the development of novel medications that target the control of VSMC pyroptosis as a potential treatment strategy for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Di
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Meng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rijan Gurung
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Boyang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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3
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Cohen MV, Downey JM. Initial Despair and Current Hope of Identifying a Clinically Useful Treatment of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: Insights Derived from Studies of Platelet P2Y 12 Antagonists and Interference with Inflammation and NLRP3 Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5477. [PMID: 38791515 PMCID: PMC11122283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial necrosis following the successful reperfusion of a coronary artery occluded by thrombus in a patient presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) continues to be a serious problem, despite the multiple attempts to attenuate the necrosis with agents that have shown promise in pre-clinical investigations. Possible reasons include confounding clinical risk factors, the delayed application of protective agents, poorly designed pre-clinical investigations, the possible effects of routinely administered agents that might unknowingly already have protected the myocardium or that might have blocked protection, and the biological differences of the myocardium in humans and experimental animals. A better understanding of the pathobiology of myocardial infarction is needed to stem this reperfusion injury. P2Y12 receptor antagonists minimize platelet aggregation and are currently part of the standard treatment to prevent thrombus formation and propagation in STEMI protocols. Serendipitously, these P2Y12 antagonists also dramatically attenuate reperfusion injury in experimental animals and are presumed to provide a similar protection in STEMI patients. However, additional protective agents are needed to further diminish reperfusion injury. It is possible to achieve additive protection if the added intervention protects by a mechanism different from that of P2Y12 antagonists. Inflammation is now recognized to be a critical factor in the complex intracellular response to ischemia and reperfusion that leads to tissue necrosis. Interference with cardiomyocyte inflammasome assembly and activation has shown great promise in attenuating reperfusion injury in pre-clinical animal models. And the blockade of the executioner protease caspase-1, indeed, supplements the protection already seen after the administration of P2Y12 antagonists. Importantly, protective interventions must be applied in the first minutes of reperfusion, if protection is to be achieved. The promise of such a combination of protective strategies provides hope that the successful attenuation of reperfusion injury is attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Cohen
- The Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
- The Departments of Medicine, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - James M. Downey
- The Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
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Liu Y, Li X, Sun T, Li T, Li Q. Pyroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and its therapeutic implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176464. [PMID: 38461908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, a prevalent cardiovascular disease with global significance, is associated with substantial morbidity. Timely and successful reperfusion is crucial for reducing infarct size and enhancing clinical outcomes. However, reperfusion may induce additional myocardium injury, manifesting as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Pyroptosis is a regulated cell death pathway, the signaling pathway of which is activated during MI/R injury. In this process, the inflammasomes are triggered, initiating the cleavage of gasdermin proteins and pro-interleukins, which results in the formation of membrane pores and the maturation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Numerous preclinical evidence underscores the pivotal role of pyroptosis in MI/R injury. Inhibiting pyroptosis is cardioprotective against MI/R injury. Although certain agents exhibiting promise in preclinical studies for attenuating MI/R injury through inhibiting pyroptosis have been identified, the suitability of these compounds for clinical trials remains untested. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent developments in this field, with a specific emphasis on the impact of pyroptosis on MI/R injury. Deciphering these findings not only sheds light on new disease mechanisms but also paves the way for innovative treatments. And then the exploration of the latest advances in compounds that inhibit pyroptosis in MI/R is discussed, which aims to provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies and identify avenues for future research in the pursuit of effective clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Holloway AJ, Saito TB, Naqvi KF, Huante MB, Fan X, Lisinicchia JG, Gelman BB, Endsley JJ, Endsley MA. Inhibition of caspase pathways limits CD4 + T cell loss and restores host anti-retroviral function in HIV-1 infected humanized mice with augmented lymphoid tissue. Retrovirology 2024; 21:8. [PMID: 38693565 PMCID: PMC11064318 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of HIV infection and pathogenicity in physical reservoirs requires a biologically relevant model. The human immune system (HIS) mouse is an established model of HIV infection, but defects in immune tissue reconstitution remain a challenge for examining pathology in tissues. We utilized exogenous injection of the human recombinant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (rFLT-3 L) into the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) cord blood HIS mouse model to significantly expand the total area of lymph node (LN) and the number of circulating human T cells. The results enabled visualization and quantification of HIV infectivity, CD4 T cell depletion and other measures of pathogenesis in the secondary lymphoid tissues of the spleen and LN. Treatment with the Caspase-1/4 inhibitor VX-765 limited CD4+ T cell loss in the spleen and reduced viral load in both the spleen and axillary LN. In situ hybridization further demonstrated a decrease in viral RNA in both the spleen and LN. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vivo inhibition of caspase-1/4 led to an upregulation in host HIV restriction factors including SAMHD1 and APOBEC3A. These findings highlight the use of rFLT-3 L to augment human immune system characteristics in HIS mice to support investigations of HIV pathogenesis and test host directed therapies, though further refinements are needed to further augment LN architecture and cellular populations. The results further provide in vivo evidence of the potential to target inflammasome pathways as an avenue of host-directed therapy to limit immune dysfunction and virus replication in tissue compartments of HIV+ persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Holloway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tais B Saito
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
- Current at the Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 59840, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew B Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuzhen Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, 43614, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joshua G Lisinicchia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Thygesen SJ, Burgener SS, Mudai P, Monteleone M, Boucher D, Sagulenko V, Schroder K, Stacey KJ. Fluorochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspase-1 require membrane permeabilization to efficiently access caspase-1 in macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350515. [PMID: 38361219 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Caspase-1 location in cells has been studied with fluorochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspase-1 (FLICA reagents). We report that FLICA reagents have limited cell-membrane permeability. This impacts experimental design as cells with intact membranes, including caspase-1 knockout cells, are not appropriate controls for cells with inflammasome-induced gasdermin D membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Thygesen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sabrina S Burgener
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Prerna Mudai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mercedes Monteleone
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dave Boucher
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliya Sagulenko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Smith PA. BDNF in Neuropathic Pain; the Culprit that Cannot be Apprehended. Neuroscience 2024; 543:49-64. [PMID: 38417539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In males but not in females, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an obligatory role in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Afferent terminals of injured peripheral nerves release colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and other mediators into the dorsal horn. These transform the phenotype of dorsal horn microglia such that they express P2X4 purinoceptors. Activation of these receptors by neuron-derived ATP promotes BDNF release. This microglial-derived BDNF increases synaptic activation of excitatory dorsal horn neurons and decreases that of inhibitory neurons. It also alters the neuronal chloride gradient such the normal inhibitory effect of GABA is converted to excitation. By as yet undefined processes, this attenuated inhibition increases NMDA receptor function. BDNF also promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from astrocytes. All of these actions culminate in the increase dorsal horn excitability that underlies many forms of neuropathic pain. Peripheral nerve injury also alters excitability of structures in the thalamus, cortex and mesolimbic system that are responsible for pain perception and for the generation of co-morbidities such as anxiety and depression. The weight of evidence from male rodents suggests that this preferential modulation of excitably of supra-spinal pain processing structures also involves the action of microglial-derived BDNF. Possible mechanisms promoting the preferential release of BDNF in pain signaling structures are discussed. In females, invading T-lymphocytes increase dorsal horn excitability but it remains to be determined whether similar processes operate in supra-spinal structures. Despite its ubiquitous role in pain aetiology neither BDNF nor TrkB receptors represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Bindoli S, Baggio C, Doria A, Sfriso P. Adult-Onset Still's Disease (AOSD): Advances in Understanding Pathophysiology, Genetics and Emerging Treatment Options. Drugs 2024; 84:257-274. [PMID: 38441807 PMCID: PMC10982104 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-01993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a multisystemic complex disorder clinically characterised by episodes of spiking fever, evanescent rash, polyarthritis or diffuse arthralgias; multiorgan involvement may develop according to the hyper-inflammatory extent. The pathogenesis of AOSD is not completely recognised. The central role of macrophage activation, which results in T helper 1 (Th1) cell cytokine activation, is well established. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-18 play a fundamental role in disease onset and progression. The disease may develop in both children and adults with overlapping clinical features, and although several subsets depending on the clinical manifestations and the cytokines expressed have been identified, the dichotomy between systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and AOSD nowadays has been overcome, and the pathology is considered a disease continuum between ages. Various therapeutic approaches have been evaluated thus far, and different compounds are under assessment for AOSD treatment. Historically, glucocorticoids have been employed for treating systemic manifestations of Still's disease, while conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) demonstrated efficacy in controlling the articular manifestations. Currently, biological (b) DMARDs are widely employed; IL-1 inhibitors such as anakinra and canakinumab have proven to have high efficacy and an excellent safety profile and the anti-IL-6 tocilizumab is approved for sJIA, with several trials and longitudinal studies confirming its efficacy and safety. Moreover, in the light of the 'window of opportunity', new evidence showed that the earlier these treatments are initiated, the sooner clinical inactivity can be achieved. Other treatment options are being considered since several molecules involved in the disease pathophysiology can be targeted through various mechanisms. This review will provide a broad overview of AOSD pathophysiology, insights into specific organ manifestations and the currently available treatments with the identification of potential therapeutic targets involved in AOSD pathogenesis will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Baggio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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9
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Zhang S, Xie S, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Xu C. Current advances in rodent drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy models: Hints from laboratory studies. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105699. [PMID: 38382810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) are the first choice for the treatment of epilepsy, but there is still one-third of patients with epilepsy (PWEs) who are resistant to two or more appropriately chosen ASDs, named drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a common type of epilepsy usually associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), shares the highest proportion of drug resistance (approximately 70%). In view of the key role of the temporal lobe in memory, emotion, and other physiological functions, patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-TLE) are often accompanied by serious complications, and surgical procedures also yield extra considerations. The exact mechanisms for the genesis of DR-TLE remain unillustrated, which makes it hard to manage patients with DR-TLE in clinical practice. Animal models of DR-TLE play an irreplaceable role in both understanding the mechanism and searching for new therapeutic strategies or drugs. In this review article, we systematically summarized different types of current DR-TLE models, and then recent advances in mechanism investigations obtained in these models were presented, especially with the development of advanced experimental techniques and tools. We are deeply encouraged that novel strategies show great therapeutic potential in those DR-TLE models. Based on the big steps reached from the bench, a new light has been shed on the precise management of DR-TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Gleeson TA, Kaiser C, Lawrence CB, Brough D, Allan SM, Green JP. The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for IL-18 production in a murine model of macrophage activation syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582284. [PMID: 38464243 PMCID: PMC10925192 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hyperinflammatory disease is associated with an aberrant immune response resulting in cytokine storm. One such instance of hyperinflammatory disease is known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The pathology of MAS can be characterised by significantly elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-18 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Given the role for IL-18 in MAS, we sought to establish the role of inflammasomes in the disease process. Using a murine model of CpG-DNA induced MAS, we discovered that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was increased and correlated with IL-18 production. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, or downstream caspase-1, prevented MAS-mediated upregulation of plasma IL-18 but interestingly did not alleviate key features of hyperinflammatory disease including hyperferritinaemia and splenomegaly. Furthermore IL-1 receptor blockade with IL-1Ra did not prevent the development of CpG-induced MAS, despite being clinically effective in the treatment of MAS. These data demonstrate that in the development of MAS, the NLRP3 inflammasome was essential for the elevation in plasma IL-18, a key cytokine in clinical cases of MAS, but was not a driving factor in the pathogenesis of CpG-induced MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Gleeson
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jack P Green
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Li Y, Xin Y, Qi MM, Wu ZY, Wang H, Zheng WC, Wang JX, Zhang DX, Zhang LM. VX-765 Alleviates Circadian Rhythm Disorder in a Rodent Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Plus Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:3. [PMID: 38300393 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in persistent complications, including circadian rhythm disorder, that substantially affect not only the injured people, but also the mood and social interactions with the family and the community. Pyroptosis in GFAP-positive astrocytes plays a vital role in inflammatory changes post-TBI. We determined whether VX-765, a low molecular weight caspase-1 inhibitor, has potential therapeutic value against astrocytic inflammation and pyroptosis in a rodent model of TBI plus hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR). A weight-drop plus bleeding and refusion model was used to establish traumatic exposure in rats. VX-765 (50 mg/kg) was injected via the femoral vein after resuscitation. Wheel-running activity was assessed, brain magnetic resonance images were evaluated, the expression of pyroptosis-associated molecules including cleaved caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in astrocytes in the region of anterior hypothalamus, were explored 30 days post-trauma. VX-765-treated rats had significant improvement in circadian rhythm disorder, decreased mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK), increased fractional anisotropy (FA), an elevated number and branches of astrocytes, and lower cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-18 expression in astrocytes than TBI + HSR-treated rats. These results demonstrated that inhibition of pyroptosis-associated astrocytic activations in the anterior hypothalamus using VX-765 may ameliorate circadian rhythm disorder after trauma. In conclusion, we suggest that interventions targeting caspase-1-induced astrocytic pyroptosis by VX-765 are promising strategies to alleviate circadian rhythm disorder post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Man-Man Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No.2 Hospital), Cangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Xia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduated School, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No.2 Hospital), Cangzhou, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Cangzhou, China.
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Neurological Rehabilitation, Cangzhou, China.
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12
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Cui JZ, Chew ZH, Lim LHK. New insights into nucleic acid sensor AIM2: The potential benefit in targeted therapy for cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107079. [PMID: 38272334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The AIM2 inflammasome represents a multifaceted oligomeric protein complex within the innate immune system, with the capacity to perceive double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and engage in diverse physiological reactions and disease contexts, including cancer. While originally conceived as a discerning DNA sensor, AIM2 has demonstrated its capability to discern various nucleic acid variations, encompassing RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids. Through its interaction with nucleic acids, AIM2 orchestrates the assembly of a complex involving multiple proteins, aptly named the AIM2 inflammasome, which facilitates the enzymatic cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines, namely pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. This process, in turn, underpins its pivotal biological role. In this review, we provide a systematic summary and discussion of the latest advancements in AIM2 sensing various types of nucleic acids. Additionally, we discuss the modulation of AIM2 activation, which can cause cell death, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death. Finally, we fully illustrate the evidence for the dual role of AIM2 in different cancer types, including both anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic functions. Considering the above information, we uncover the therapeutic promise of modulating the AIM2 inflammasome in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhou Cui
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS-Cambridge Immunophenotyping Centre, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Huan Chew
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Zhou N, Zhang Y, Jiao Y, Nan J, Xia A, Mu B, Lin G, Li X, Zhang S, Yang S, Li L. Discovery of a novel pyroptosis inhibitor acting though modulating glutathionylation to suppress NLRP3-related signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111314. [PMID: 38081102 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory type of regulated cell death and has been involved in many pathological processes. Inhibition of pyroptosis is thought to be a promising strategy for the treatment of related diseases. Here, we performed a phenotypic screening against NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis and obtained the novel compound N77 after structure optimization. N77 showed a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.070 ± 0.008 μM against cell pyroptosis induced by nigericin, and exhibited a remarkable ability to prevent NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation and the release of IL-1β. Chemical proteomics revealed the biological target of N77 to be glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1); our mechanism of action studies indicated that GSTM1 might act as a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating the glutathionylation of caspase-1. In vivo, N77 substantially alleviated the inflammatory reaction in a pyroptosis-related acute keratitis model. Overall, we identified a novel pyroptosis inhibitor and revealed a new regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis. Our findings suggest an alternative potential therapeutic strategy for pyroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Jinshan Nan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Anjie Xia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Mu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Basic Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Janin YL. On the origins of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:81-118. [PMID: 38283212 PMCID: PMC10809347 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to address the world-wide health challenge caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 3CL protease/SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2-Mpro) coded by its nsp5 gene became one of the biochemical targets for the design of antiviral drugs. In less than 3 years of research, 4 inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2-Mpro have actually been authorized for COVID-19 treatment (nirmatrelvir, ensitrelvir, leritrelvir and simnotrelvir) and more such as EDP-235, FB-2001 and STI-1558/Olgotrelvir or five undisclosed compounds (CDI-988, ASC11, ALG-097558, QLS1128 and H-10517) are undergoing clinical trials. This review is an attempt to picture this quite unprecedented medicinal chemistry feat and provide insights on how these cysteine protease inhibitors were discovered. Since many series of covalent SARS-CoV-2-Mpro inhibitors owe some of their origins to previous work on other proteases, we first provided a description of various inhibitors of cysteine-bearing human caspase-1 or cathepsin K, as well as inhibitors of serine proteases such as human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 or the hepatitis C protein complex NS3/4A. This is then followed by a description of the results of the approaches adopted (repurposing, structure-based and high throughput screening) to discover coronavirus main protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves L Janin
- Structure et Instabilité des Génomes (StrInG), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM, CNRS, Alliance Sorbonne Université 75005 Paris France
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15
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Shields CA, Tardo GA, Wang X, Peacock G, Robbins M, Glenn H, Wilson R, Williams JM, Cornelius DC. Inhibition of Caspase 1 Reduces Blood Pressure, Cytotoxic NK Cells, and Inflammatory T-Helper 17 Cells in Placental Ischemic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:863. [PMID: 38255935 PMCID: PMC10815407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by maternal hypertension, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and increased inflammation and populations of cytotoxic NK cells (cNKs) and inflammatory T-Helper 17 cells (TH17s). Both cytotoxic NK cells and TH17 cells are heavily influenced via IL-1β signaling. Caspase 1 activity leads to the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is increased in women with PE. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of Caspase 1 with VX-765 in rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) will attenuate PE pathophysiology. On gestation day (GD) 14, timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats underwent the RUPP or Sham procedure and were separated into groups that received either vehicle or VX-765 (50 mg/kg/day i.p.). On GD19, MAP was measured via carotid catheter and blood and tissues were collected. Bio-Plex and flow cytometry analysis were performed on placental tissues. Placental IL-1β was increased in the RUPP rats vs. the Sham rats and treatment with VX-765 reduced IL-1β in the RUPP rats. Caspase 1 inhibition reduced placental cNKs and TH17s in RUPP rats compared to vehicle-treated RUPP rats. Increased MAP was observed in RUPP rats compared with Sham rats and was reduced in RUPP + VX-765 rats. Placental reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated in RUPP rats compared to Sham rats. VX-765 administration reduced ROS in treated RUPP rats. Caspase 1 inhibition increased the number of live pups, yet had no effect on fetal weight or placental efficiency in the treated groups. In conclusion, Caspase 1 inhibition reduces placental IL-1β, inflammatory TH17 and cNK populations, and reduces MAP in RUPP rats. These data suggest that Caspase 1 is a key contributor to PE pathophysiology. This warrants further investigation of Caspase 1 as a potential therapeutic target to improve maternal outcomes in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin A. Shields
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Geilda A. Tardo
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Gregory Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Marcus Robbins
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Hannah Glenn
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Rachel Wilson
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacolocy and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.A.T.); (X.W.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (R.W.); (J.M.W.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
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16
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Exconde PM, Hernandez-Chavez C, Bourne CM, Richards RM, Bray MB, Lopez JL, Srivastava T, Egan MS, Zhang J, Yoo W, Shin S, Discher BM, Taabazuing CY. The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-18 and IL-1β regulates their recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113581. [PMID: 38103201 PMCID: PMC11158830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling complexes that activate the innate immune system. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1, which then cleaves and activates IL-1β and IL-18, as well as gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are known to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of other substrates besides GSDMD has remained unknown. Here, we show that CASP4/5 but not CASP11 can directly cleave and activate IL-18. However, CASP4/5/11 can all cleave IL-1β to generate a 27-kDa fragment that deactivates IL-1β signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the sequence identity of the tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site regulates IL-18 and IL-1β recruitment and activation. Altogether, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation that may aid in developing new therapeutics for immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Exconde
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Hernandez-Chavez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Bourne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel M Richards
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark B Bray
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan L Lopez
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamanna Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa S Egan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bohdana M Discher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cornelius Y Taabazuing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Wouters F, Bogie J, Wullaert A, van der Hilst J. Recent Insights in Pyrin Inflammasome Activation: Identifying Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Pyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:8. [PMID: 38129719 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyrin is a cytosolic protein encoded by the MEFV gene, predominantly expressed in innate immune cells. Upon activation, it forms an inflammasome, a multimolecular complex that enables the activation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, the Pyrin inflammasome activates Gasdermin D leading to pyroptosis, a highly pro-inflammatory cell death. Four autoinflammatory syndromes are associated with Pyrin inflammasome dysregulation: familial Mediterranean fever, hyper IgD syndrome/mevalonate kinase deficiency, pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis, and pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the two-step model of Pyrin inflammasome activation. Based on these insights, we discuss current pharmacological options and identify a series of existing molecules with therapeutic potential for the treatment of pyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, 3900, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen van der Hilst
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immune Pathology, Jessa General Hospital and Limburg Clinical Research Center, Hasselt, Belgium.
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18
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Modi P, Shah BM, Patel S. Interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE): A comprehensive review on discovery and development of caspase-1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115861. [PMID: 37857145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-1 is a critical mediator of the inflammatory process by activating various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33. Uncontrolled activation of caspase-1 leads to various cytokines-mediated diseases. Thus, inhibition of Caspase-1 is considered therapeutically beneficial to halt the progression of such diseases. Currently, rilonacept, canakinumab and anakinra are in use for caspase-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases. However, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of these peptides limits their use as therapeutic agents. Therefore, several peptidomimetic inhibitors have been developed, but only a few compounds (VX-740, VX-765) have advanced to clinical trials; because of their toxic profile. Several small molecule inhibitors have also been progressing based on the three-dimensional structure of caspase-1. However there is no successful candidate available clinically. In this perspective, we highlight the mechanism of caspase-1 activation, its therapeutic potential as a disease target and potential therapeutic strategies targeting caspase-1 with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University Ahmedabad - 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University Ahmedabad - 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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19
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Pérez-Gómez JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Sarmento-Cabral A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Herrera-Martínez AD, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Exploring the role of the inflammasomes on prostate cancer: Interplay with obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1165-1187. [PMID: 37819510 PMCID: PMC10697898 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a weight-related disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue growth and dysfunction which leads to the onset of a systemic chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Likewise, inflammation is considered a classic cancer hallmark affecting several steps of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this regard, novel molecular complexes termed inflammasomes have been identified which are able to react to a wide spectrum of insults, impacting several metabolic-related disorders, but their contribution to cancer biology remains unclear. In this context, prostate cancer (PCa) has a markedly inflammatory component, and patients frequently are elderly individuals who exhibit weight-related disorders, being obesity the most prevalent condition. Therefore, inflammation, and specifically, inflammasome complexes, could be crucial players in the interplay between PCa and metabolic disorders. In this review, we will: 1) discuss the potential role of each inflammasome component (sensor, molecular adaptor, and targets) in PCa pathophysiology, placing special emphasis on IL-1β/NF-kB pathway and ROS and hypoxia influence; 2) explore the association between inflammasomes and obesity, and how these molecular complexes could act as the cornerstone between the obesity and PCa; and, 3) compile current clinical trials regarding inflammasome targeting, providing some insights about their potential use in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Guzmán-Ruiz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
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20
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Zhou Y, Du T, Yang CL, Li T, Li XL, Liu W, Zhang P, Dong J, Si WY, Duan RS, Wang CC. Extracellular vesicles encapsulated with caspase-1 inhibitor ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis through targeting macrophages. J Control Release 2023; 364:458-472. [PMID: 37935259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) is a multifunctional inflammatory mediator in many inflammation-related diseases. Previous studies show that caspase-1 inhibitors produce effective therapeutic outcomes in a rat model of myasthenia gravis. However, tissue toxicity and unwanted off-target effects are the major disadvantages limiting their clinical application as therapeutic agents. This study shows that dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with a caspase-1 inhibitor (EVs-VX-765) are phagocytized mainly by macrophages, and caspase-1 is precisely expressed in macrophages. Furthermore, EVs-VX-765 demonstrates excellent therapeutic effects through a macrophage-dependent mechanism, and it notably inhibits the level of interleukin-1β and subsequently inhibits Th17 response and germinal center (GC) reactions. In addition, EVs-VX-765 demonstrates better therapeutic effects than routine doses of VX-765, although drug loading is much lower than routine doses, consequently reducing tissue toxicity. In conclusion, this study's findings suggest that EV-mediated delivery of caspase-1 inhibitors is effective for treating myasthenia gravis and is promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cerebral Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Yue Si
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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21
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Jiang Q, Wang X, Xu X, Hu L, Zhou G, Liu R, Yang G, Cui D. Inflammasomes in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. BMC Rheumatol 2023; 7:39. [PMID: 37899476 PMCID: PMC10614352 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-023-00353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammasome plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which has rarely been systematically reported. The aim of this study was to understand whether the levels of inflammasomes were related to the severity of RA disease, which might provide a stronger theoretical basis for RA treatment. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of some inflammasomes and associated molecules, including IL-1beta and IL-18, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 RA patients (n = 30) and 16 healthy control (HC) individuals were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), and the levels of plasma IL-1beta and IL-18 were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the clinical characteristics and laboratory results of the patients were collected and analyzed in this study. RESULTS The relative mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, caspase-1, and IL-1beta were significantly higher and those of NLRP1, NLRP2 and NLRC5 were notably lower in the HC group than in the RA group. Moreover, the plasma IL-1beta and IL-18 levels were markedly increased in the RA group. Additionally, the mRNA level of AIM2 was negatively correlated with disease activity score 28 (DAS28) by stepwise linear regression analysis. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was positively correlated with DAS28 by multiple linear regression analysis in the RA group. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply the critical role of NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, caspase-1 and plasma IL-1beta and IL-18 in the pathogenesis of RA patients, which provides potential targets for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Liangfeng Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Guocan Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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22
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Hadian K, Stockwell BR. The therapeutic potential of targeting regulated non-apoptotic cell death. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:723-742. [PMID: 37550363 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is critical for the development and homeostasis of almost all multicellular organisms. Moreover, its dysregulation leads to diverse disease states. Historically, apoptosis was thought to be the major regulated cell death pathway, whereas necrosis was considered to be an unregulated form of cell death. However, research in recent decades has uncovered several forms of regulated necrosis that are implicated in degenerative diseases, inflammatory conditions and cancer. The growing insight into these regulated, non-apoptotic cell death pathways has opened new avenues for therapeutic targeting. Here, we describe the regulatory pathways of necroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, lysozincrosis and disulfidptosis. We discuss small-molecule inhibitors of the pathways and prospects for future drug discovery. Together, the complex mechanisms governing these pathways offer strategies to develop therapeutics that control non-apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Hadian
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Lloyd J, Biasutto A, Dürr KL, Jazayeri A, Hopper JT, Oldham NJ. Mapping the Binding Interactions between Human Gasdermin D and Human Caspase-1 Using Carbene Footprinting. JACS AU 2023; 3:2025-2035. [PMID: 37502151 PMCID: PMC10369405 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbene footprinting is a recently developed mass spectrometry-based chemical labeling technique that probes protein interactions and conformation. Here, we use the methodology to investigate binding interactions between the protease human Caspase-1 (C285A) and full-length human Gasdermin D (hGSDMD), which are important in inflammatory cell death. GSDMD is cleaved by Caspase-1, releasing its N-terminal domain which oligomerizes in the membrane to form large pores, resulting in lytic cell death. Regions of reduced carbene labeling (masking), caused by protein binding, were observed for each partner in the presence of the other and were consistent with hCaspase-1 exosite and active-site interactions. Most notably, the results showed direct occupancy of hCaspase-1 (C285A) active-site by hGSDMD for the first time. Differential carbene labeling of full-length hGSDMD and the pore-forming N-terminal domain assembled in liposomes showed masking of the latter, consistent with oligomeric assembly and insertion into the lipid bilayer. Interactions between Caspase-1 and the specific inhibitor VRT-043198 were also studied by this approach. In wild-type hCaspase-1, VRT-043198 modifies the active-site Cys285 through the formation of a S,O-hemiacetal. Here, we showed by carbene labeling that this inhibitor can noncovalently occupy the active site of a C285A mutant. These findings add considerably to our knowledge of the hCaspase-1-hGSDMD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
R. Lloyd
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Antonio Biasutto
- OMass
Therapeutics, Schrodinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Katharina L. Dürr
- OMass
Therapeutics, Schrodinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Ali Jazayeri
- OMass
Therapeutics, Schrodinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Jonathan T.S. Hopper
- OMass
Therapeutics, Schrodinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Neil J. Oldham
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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24
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Ortega MA, De Leon-Oliva D, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Boaru DL, de Castro AV, Saez MA, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Bujan J, Alvarez-Mon MA, García-Honduvilla N, Diaz-Pedrero R, Alvarez-Mon M. Reframing the link between metabolism and NLRP3 inflammasome: therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232629. [PMID: 37545507 PMCID: PMC10402745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling platforms in the cytosol that senses exogenous and endogenous danger signals and respond with the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis to induce inflammation and protect the host. The inflammasome best studied is the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. It is activated in a two-step process: the priming and the activation, leading to sensor NLRP3 oligomerization and recruitment of both adaptor ASC and executioner pro-caspase 1, which is activated by cleavage. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is regulated by posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination/deubiquitination, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, acetylation/deacetylation, SUMOylation and nitrosylation, and interaction with NLPR3 protein binding partners. Moreover, the connection between it and metabolism is receiving increasing attention in this field. In this review, we present the structure, functions, activation, and regulation of NLRP3, with special emphasis on regulation by mitochondrial dysfunction-mtROS production and metabolic signals, i.e., metabolites as well as enzymes. By understanding the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, specific inhibitors can be rationally designed for the treatment and prevention of various immune- or metabolic-based diseases. Lastly, we review current NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amador Velazquez de Castro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-University of Alcalá (UAH) Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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25
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Caruso F, Rossi M, Eberhardt E, Berinato M, Sakib R, Surco-Laos F, Chavez H. Maytenus octogona Superoxide Scavenging and Anti-Inflammatory Caspase-1 Inhibition Study Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Computational Docking Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10750. [PMID: 37445927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation is well known, and exogenous antioxidants, primarily phytochemical natural products, may assist the body's endogenous defense systems in preventing diseases due to excessive inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant properties of ethnomedicines from Peru that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by measuring the superoxide scavenging activity of ethanol extracts of Maytenus octogona aerial parts using hydrodynamic voltammetry at a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE). The chemical compositions of these extracts are known and the interactions of three methide-quinone compounds found in Maytenus octogona with caspase-1 were analyzed using computational docking studies. Caspase-1 is a critical enzyme triggered during the activation of the inflammasome and its actions are associated with excessive release of cytokines. The most important amino acid involved in active site caspase-1 inhibition is Arg341 and, through docking calculations, we see that this amino acid is stabilized by interactions with the three potential methide-quinone Maytenus octogona inhibitors, hydroxytingenone, tingenone, and pristimerin. These findings were also confirmed after more rigorous molecular dynamics calculations. It is worth noting that, in these three compounds, the methide-quinone carbonyl oxygen is the preferred hydrogen bond acceptor site, although tingenone's other carbonyl group also shows a similar binding energy preference. The results of these calculations and cyclovoltammetry studies support the effectiveness and use of anti-inflammatory ethnopharmacological ethanol extract of Maytenus octogona (L'Héritier) DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Eric Eberhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Molly Berinato
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Raiyan Sakib
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Felipe Surco-Laos
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11004, Peru
| | - Haydee Chavez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11004, Peru
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26
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Hernández-Zazueta MS, García-Romo JS, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Taboada-Antelo P, Rosas-Burgos EC, Ezquerra-Brauer JM, Martínez-Soto JM, Candia-Plata MDC, Santacruz-Ortega HDC, Burgos-Hernández A. N-(2-ozoazepan-3-yl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, a novel Octopus vulgaris ink-derived metabolite, exhibits a pro-apoptotic effect on A549 cancer cell line and inhibits pro-inflammatory markers. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113829. [PMID: 37225033 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to chemically synthesize and evaluate the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory potential of ozopromide (OPC), a novel compound recently isolated from O. vulgaris ink. After chemical synthesis, OPC structural characterization was confirmed by COSY2D, FTIR, and C-/H-NMR. OPC inhibited the growth of human breast (MDA-MB-231), prostate (22Rv1), cervix (HeLa), and lung (A549) cancerous cells, being the highest effect on the latter (IC50: 53.70 μM). As confirmed by flow cytometry, OPC induced typical apoptosis-derived morphological features on A549 cells, mostly at early and late apoptosis stages. OPC generated a dose-dependent effect inhibiting IL-6 and IL-8 on LPS-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A major affinity of OPC to Akt-1 and Bcl-2 proteins in silico agreed with the observed pro-apoptotic mechanisms. Results suggested that OPC has the potential to alleviate inflammation and be further studied for anticancer activity. Marine-derived food products such as ink contains bioactive metabolites exhibiting potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Said García-Romo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Taboada-Antelo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ema Carina Rosas-Burgos
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando Burgos-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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27
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Duan Y, Peng Z, Zhong S, Zhou P, Huang H, Li J, He Z. VX-765 ameliorates CKD VSMC calcification by regulating STAT3 activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175610. [PMID: 36858340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical evidences show that caspase-1 inhibitor-VX-765 attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice. However, there is rarely information about the effect of VX-765 on hyperphosphatemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification or vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats. Here we investigate the effect of VX-765 on vascular calcification in uremia circumstances. METHODS Hyperphosphatemia-induced VSMC calcification were evaluated by Alizarin Red S. Aortas from CKD rats which were gavaged with VX-765 were examined for calcification signal using micro-CT. Levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time that the levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were up-regulated in hyperphosphatemia-induced calcifying VSMCs. Blockade of caspase-1 activation by VX-765 inhibited pyroptosis-related molecules and VSMC calcification in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Further analysis of aortas from calcified CKD rats showed an up-regulation of caspase-1 and GSDMD expression compared with those non-calcified vascular tissue from control rats or with those decreased-calcified vascular tissue from CKD rats treated with 50 mg/kg/d, which indicated that pyroptotic indicators were tightly correlated with CKD arterial calcification. In vitro studies further demonstrated that VX-765 ameliorated hyperphosphatemia-induced VSMCs calcification through inhibiting the STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that VX-765 could inhibit hyperphosphatemia-induced calcifying VSMCs and ameliorate vascular calcification in CKD rats. VX-765 might be a potential treatment strategy for CKD vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhong Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Shuzhu Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Hong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhangxiu He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Pockes S, Walters MA, Ashe KH. Targeting caspase-2 interactions with tau in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Transl Res 2023; 254:34-40. [PMID: 36343883 PMCID: PMC9991976 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Targeting amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles has failed to provide effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). A more fruitful pathway to ADRD therapeutics may be the development of therapies that target common signaling pathways that disrupt synaptic connections and impede communication between neurons. In this review, we present our characterization of a signaling pathway common to several neurological diseases featuring dementia including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Huntington's disease. This signaling pathway features the cleavage of tau by caspase-2 (Casp2) yielding Δtau314 (Casp2/tau/Δtau314). Through a not yet fully delineated mechanism, Δtau314 catalyzes the mislocalization and accumulation of tau to dendritic spines leading to the internalization of AMPA receptors and the concomitant weakening of synaptic transmission. Here, we review the accumulated evidence supporting Casp2 as a druggable target and its importance in ADRD. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of our initial medicinal chemistry explorations aimed at the preparation of novel, brain penetrant Casp2 inhibitors. We anticipate that this review will spark broader interest in Casp2 as a target for restoring synaptic dysfunction in ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Karen H Ashe
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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29
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Zhang Y, Chi Z, Cui Z, Chang S, Wang Y, Zhao P. Inflammatory response triggered by avian hepatitis E virus in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161665. [PMID: 37063902 PMCID: PMC10098337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is relevant to public health worldwide, and it affects a variety of animals. Big liver and spleen disease (BLS) and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) associated with avian HEV (aHEV) were first reported in 1988 and in 1991, respectively. Here, cell culture–adapted aHEV genotype 3 strain, YT-aHEV (YT strain), a typical genotype isolated in China, was used for basic and applied research. We evaluated liver injury during the early stages of infection caused by the YT strain in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro experimental data demonstrated that viral infection induces innate immunity, with mRNA expression levels of two key inflammatory factors, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, significantly upregulated. The YT strain infection was associated with the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), caspase-1, and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in the liver and primary hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial cells (LMH). Moreover, inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1 or 2), P38, NF-κB, or caspase-1 activity has different effects on NLRs, and there is a mutual regulatory relationship between these signaling pathways. The results show that SB 203580, U0126, and VX-765 inhibited IL-1β and IL-18 induced by the YT strain, whereas Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) had no significant effect on the activity of IL-1β and IL-18. Pretreatment of cells with SP600125 had an inhibitory effect on IL-18 but not on IL-1β. The analysis of inhibition results suggests that there is a connection between Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and the NLRs signaling pathways. This study explains the relationship between signaling pathway activation (TLRs, NF-κB, MAPK, and NLR–caspase-1) and viral-associated inflammation caused by YT strain infection, which will help to dynamic interaction between aHEV and host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhao,
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Jiao M, Wang J, Liu W, Zhao X, Qin Y, Zhang C, Yin H, Zhao C. VX-765 inhibits pyroptosis and reduces inflammation to prevent acute liver failure by upregulating PPARα expression. Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:101082. [PMID: 36893888 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES As a fatal clinical syndrome, acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by overwhelming liver inflammation and hepatic cell death. Finding new therapeutic methods has been a challenge in ALF research. VX-765 is a known pyroptosis inhibitor and has been reported to prevent damage in a variety of diseases by reducing inflammation. However, the role of VX-765 in ALF is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALF model mice were treated with D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LO2 cells were stimulated with LPS. Thirty subjects were enrolled in clinical experiments. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, pyroptosis-associated proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine the serum aminotransferase enzyme levels. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological features of the liver. RESULTS With the progression of ALF, the expression levels of interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased. VX-765 could reduce the mortality rate of ALF mice, relieve liver pathological damage, and reduce inflammatory responses to protect against ALF. Further experiments showed that VX-765 could protect against ALF through PPARα, and this protective effect against ALF was reduced in the context of PPARα inhibition. CONCLUSIONS As ALF progresses, inflammatory responses and pyroptosis deteriorate gradually. VX-765 can inhibit pyroptosis and reduce inflammatory responses to protect against ALF by upregulating PPARα expression, thus providing a possible therapeutic strategy for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiachao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanjun Qin
- Emergency Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Research Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongzhu Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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31
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Li S, Huang H, Zhang Y, Li L, Hua Z. Bilirubin Induces A1-Like Reactivity of Astrocyte. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:804-815. [PMID: 36346495 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of bilirubin neurotoxicity, and activated astrocytes might be potential mediators of neuroinflammation processes contributing to neuronal cell death and tissue injury. Recent studies have reported that activated microglia induce two types of reactive astrocytes. A1 astrocytes could cause neuronal death and synaptic damage, as well as impaired phagocytosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether unconjugated bilirubin (UCB)-induced A1-like astrocytes take on a neuroinflammation type and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In this study, primary cortical astrocytes were treated with UCB in vitro. We detected the expression of complement component 3 (C3), S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), activated caspase-1, gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-N), PSD95, synaptophysin (SYP), the transcription levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and the survival rate of astrocytes after UCB treatment. The results showed that an increase in C3 was accompanied by a decrease in S100A10, and that A1-like astrocytes were functionally expressed after UCB stimulation. Meanwhile, the NF-κB and caspase-1 pathways were activated after UCB stimulation. After adding the NF-κB-specific inhibitor trans-activator of transcriptional-NEMO-binding domain (TAT-NBD) and caspase-1 specific inhibitor VX-765, the survival rate of astrocytes and neurons increased, whereas the protein expression of C3, NF-κB, NLRP3, activated caspase-1, and GSDMD-N decreased, and the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-18 reduced. Thus, we concluded that UCB stimulates the activation of A1-like astrocytes. Inhibition of NF-κB and caspase-1 alleviated A1-like astrocytes and exerted anti-inflammatory protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hongmei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ziyu Hua
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Exconde PM, Hernandez-Chavez C, Bray MB, Lopez JL, Srivastava T, Egan MS, Zhang J, Shin S, Discher BM, Taabazuing CY. The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-1β regulates its recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528859. [PMID: 36824844 PMCID: PMC9949112 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian innate immune system uses germline-encoded cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect intracellular danger signals. At least six of these PRRs are known to form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes which activate cysteine proteases known as caspases. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1 (CASP1), which in turn cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, as well as the pore forming protein, gasdermin D (GSDMD), to induce pyroptotic cell death. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are activated by intracellular LPS to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of inflammatory cytokines has not been established. Here we show that active CASP4/5 directly cleave IL-18 to generate the active species. Surprisingly, we also discovered that CASP4/5/11 cleave IL-1β at D27 to generate a 27 kDa fragment that is predicted to be inactive and cannot signal to the IL-1 receptor. Mechanistically, we discovered that the sequence identity of the P4-P1 tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site (D116) regulates the recruitment and processing of IL-1β by inflammatory caspases to generate the bioactive species. Thus, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Exconde
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Hernandez-Chavez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark B. Bray
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jan L. Lopez
- Present address: Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tamanna Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa S. Egan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bohdana M. Discher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cornelius Y. Taabazuing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yang XM, Cohen MV, Sayner S, Audia JP, Downey JM. Lethal Caspase-1/4-Dependent Injury Occurs in the First Minutes of Coronary Reperfusion and Requires Calpain Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043801. [PMID: 36835212 PMCID: PMC9960231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the relationship between caspase-1/4 and reperfusion injury, we measured infarct size (IS) in isolated mouse hearts undergoing 50 min global ischemia/2 h reperfusion. Starting VRT-043198 (VRT) at reperfusion halved IS. The pan-caspase inhibitor emricasan duplicated VRT's protection. IS in caspase-1/4-knockout hearts was similarly reduced, supporting the hypothesis that caspase-1/4 was VRT's only protective target. NLRC4 inflammasomes activate caspase-1. NLRC4 knockout hearts were not protected, eliminating NLRC4 as caspase-1/4's activator. The amount of protection that could be achieved by only suppressing caspase-1/4 activity was limited. In wild-type (WT) hearts, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was as protective as caspase-1/4 inhibitors. Combining IPC and emricasan in these hearts or preconditioning caspase-1/4-knockout hearts produced an additive IS reduction, indicating that more protection could be achieved by combining treatments. We determined when caspase-1/4 exerted its lethal injury. Starting VRT after 10 min of reperfusion in WT hearts was no longer protective, revealing that caspase-1/4 inflicted its injury within the first 10 min of reperfusion. Ca++ influx at reperfusion might activate caspase-1/4. We tested whether Ca++-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (AC10) could be responsible. However, IS in AC10-/- hearts was not different from that in WT control hearts. Ca++-activated calpain has been implicated in reperfusion injury. Calpain could be releasing actin-bound procaspase-1 in cardiomyocytes, which would explain why caspase-1/4-related injury is confined to early reperfusion. The calpain inhibitor calpeptin duplicated emricasan's protection. Unlike IPC, adding calpain to emricasan offered no additional protection, suggesting that caspase-1/4 and calpain may share the same protective target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ming Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Michael V. Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Sayner
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Jonathon P. Audia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - James M. Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Flammer J, Neziraj T, Rüegg S, Pröbstel AK. Immune Mechanisms in Epileptogenesis: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Epilepsy Syndromes. Drugs 2023; 83:135-158. [PMID: 36696027 PMCID: PMC9875200 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Seizures and epilepsy can result from various aetiologies, yet the underlying cause of several epileptic syndromes remains unclear. In that regard, autoimmune-mediated pathophysiological mechanisms have been gaining attention in the past years and were included as one of the six aetiologies of seizures in the most recent classification of the International League Against Epilepsy. The increasing number of anti-neuronal antibodies identified in patients with encephalitic disorders has contributed to the establishment of an immune-mediated pathophysiology in many cases of unclear aetiology of epileptic syndromes. Yet only a small number of patients with autoimmune encephalitis develop epilepsy in the proper sense where the brain transforms into a state where it will acquire the enduring propensity to produce seizures if it is not hindered by interventions. Hence, the term autoimmune epilepsy is often wrongfully used in the context of autoimmune encephalitis since most of the seizures are acute encephalitis-associated and will abate as soon as the encephalitis is in remission. Given the overlapping clinical presentation of immune-mediated seizures originating from different aetiologies, a clear distinction among the aetiological entities is crucial when it comes to discussing pathophysiological mechanisms, therapeutic options, and long-term prognosis of patients. Moreover, a rapid and accurate identification of patients with immune-mediated epilepsy syndromes is required to ensure an early targeted treatment and, thereby, improve clinical outcome. In this article, we review our current understanding of pathogenesis and critically discuss current and potential novel treatment options for seizures and epilepsy syndromes of underlying or suspected immune-mediated origin. We further outline the challenges in proper terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Flammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rüegg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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35
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Wang D, Li W, Albasha N, Griffin L, Chang H, Amaya L, Ganguly S, Zeng L, Keum B, González-Navajas JM, Levin M, AkhavanAghdam Z, Snyder H, Schwartz D, Tao A, Boosherhri LM, Hoffman HM, Rose M, Estrada MV, Varki N, Herdman S, Corr M, Webster NJG, Raz E, Bertin S. Long-term exposure to house dust mites accelerates lung cancer development in mice. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:26. [PMID: 36670473 PMCID: PMC9863279 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with certain chronic inflammatory lung diseases have a higher risk of developing lung cancer (LC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that chronic exposure to house dust mites (HDM), a common indoor aeroallergen associated with the development of asthma, accelerates LC development through the induction of chronic lung inflammation (CLI). METHODS: The effects of HDM and heat-inactivated HDM (HI-HDM) extracts were evaluated in two preclinical mouse models of LC (a chemically-induced model using the carcinogen urethane and a genetically-driven model with oncogenic KrasG12D activation in lung epithelial cells) and on murine macrophages in vitro. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) or treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) was used to uncover the pro-tumorigenic effect of HDM. RESULTS: Chronic intranasal (i.n) instillation of HDM accelerated LC development in the two mouse models. Mechanistically, HDM caused a particular subtype of CLI, in which the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway is chronically activated in macrophages, and made the lung microenvironment conducive to tumor development. The tumor-promoting effect of HDM was significantly decreased by heat treatment of the HDM extract and was inhibited by NLRP3, IL-1β, and CCL2 neutralization, or ICS treatment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate that long-term exposure to HDM can accelerate lung tumorigenesis in susceptible hosts (e.g., mice and potentially humans exposed to lung carcinogens or genetically predisposed to develop LC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Natalie Albasha
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Lindsey Griffin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Han Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Lauren Amaya
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Sneha Ganguly
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Liping Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bora Keum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - José M González-Navajas
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ailin Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laela M Boosherhri
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Rose
- Tissue Technology Shared Resource, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Monica Valeria Estrada
- Tissue Technology Shared Resource, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nissi Varki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Herdman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Medical Research Service, Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eyal Raz
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA.
| | - Samuel Bertin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA.
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is mediated by the membrane-targeting, pore-forming gasdermin family of proteins. Pyroptosis was initially described as a caspase 1- and inflammasome-dependent cell death pathway typified by the loss of membrane integrity and the secretion of cytokines such as IL-1β. However, gasdermins are now recognized as the principal effectors of this form of regulated cell death; activated gasdermins insert into cell membranes, where they form pores that result in the secretion of cytokines, alarmins and damage-associated molecular patterns and cause cell membrane rupture. It is now evident that gasdermins can be activated by inflammasome- and caspase-independent mechanisms in multiple cell types and that crosstalk occurs between pyroptosis and other cell death pathways. Although they are important for host antimicrobial defence, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that pyroptosis and gasdermins have pathological roles in cancer and several non-microbial diseases involving the gut, liver and skin. The well-documented roles of inflammasome activity and apoptosis pathways in kidney diseases suggests that gasdermins and pyroptosis may also be involved to some extent. However, despite some evidence for involvement of pyroptosis in the context of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, our understanding of gasdermin biology and pyroptosis in the kidney remains limited.
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Lee P, Zhou C, Hu X. VX-765 has a Protective Effect on Mice with Ovarian Injury Caused by Chemotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023; 23:307-318. [PMID: 36200259 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220930110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant tumors continue to remain a main global public health issue. In the past 40 years, due to strides made in multi-disciplinary comprehensive treatment schemes for patients suffering from malignant tumors, especially chemotherapy schemes, the survival rate has been greatly improved in such patients. This group can be expected to maintain their fertility or have restored endocrine function following successful malignant tumor treatment. Therefore, focusing on the ovarian damage caused by chemotherapy in women of childbearing age is vital in order to protect their fertility and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE This study attempted to evaluate whether VX-765 possesses an ovarian protective effect in ovarian injury induced by chemotherapy in the mice model. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were administered with VX-765 gavage once a day for 21 consecutive days. Use of cyclophosphamide (Cy) began one week after the last gavage administration of VX- 765. Detailed classification of follicles at various levels was then quantified in each group. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were then used in order to analyze the expression of key proteins (FOXO3a, mTOR, RPS6 and AKT) as well as their phosphorylation of the PI3K / PTEN / AKT pathways in the ovary. The concentrations of AMH were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The follicles at all levels of Cy treated mice were less than those of the normal group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, mice treated with VX-765 prior to receiving Cy treatment had more primordial follicles (PMF) than mice treated with Cy alone (P < 0.05). In early growing follicles (EGF) and antral follicles (AF), no difference was observed among the experimental groups (P > 0.05), however, they were lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). In mice treated with continuous Cy, the total follicle number (TF) of mice combined with VX-765 (C-Cy-Vx765) was higher than that of mice without VX-765, and the TF of the two groups was lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). The value of PMF/TF in C-Cy-Vx765 group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups, while that of EGF/TF was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the phosphorylated forms of the main proteins of the PI3K / PTEN / AKT pathway were found to be more positive in Cy treated mice. The Western blot analysis showed that when Cy and VX-765 were cotreated, the increased levels of these phosphorylated proteins decreased compared with those treated with Cy alone. The AMH level of infancy Cy and VX-765 co-treated mice was higher than that of infancy normal mice (P < 0.05). After the mice grew to sexual maturity, the AMH level of Cy and VX- 765 co-treated mice was still higher than that of Cy treated mice (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference with normal mice (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION VX-765 can maintain the level of AMH and inhibit the recruitment of PMF, thus protecting mice from Cy induced gonadotropic toxicity. Accordingly, VX-765 may play a protective role in mice with ovarian injury caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyin Lee
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Amand M, Adams P, Schober R, Iserentant G, Servais JY, Moutschen M, Seguin-Devaux C. The anti-caspase 1 inhibitor VX-765 reduces immune activation, CD4 + T cell depletion, viral load, and total HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. eLife 2023; 12:83207. [PMID: 36800238 PMCID: PMC9937651 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection results in the activation of inflammasome that may facilitate viral spread and establishment of viral reservoirs. We evaluated the effects of the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 on HIV-1 infection in humanized NSG mice engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β was increased in lymph nodes and bone marrow between day 1 and 3 after HIV-1 infection (mean fold change (FC) of 2.08, 3.23, and 6.05, p<0.001, respectively). IFI16 and AIM2 expression peaked at day 24 and coincides with increased IL-18 levels (6.89 vs 83.19 pg/ml, p=0.004), increased viral load and CD4+ T cells loss in blood (p<0.005 and p<0.0001, for the spleen respectively). Treatment with VX-765 significantly reduced TNF-α at day 11 (0.47 vs 2.2 pg/ml, p=0.045), IL-18 at day 22 (7.8 vs 23.2 pg/ml, p=0.04), CD4+ T cells (44.3% vs 36,7%, p=0.01), viral load (4.26 vs 4.89 log 10 copies/ml, p=0.027), and total HIV-1 DNA in the spleen (1 054 vs 2 889 copies /106 cells, p=0.029). We demonstrated that targeting inflammasome activation early after infection may represent a therapeutic strategy towards HIV cure to prevent CD4+ T cell depletion and reduce immune activation, viral load, and the HIV-1 reservoir formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Amand
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of HealthEsch sur AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Philipp Adams
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of HealthEsch sur AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Rafaela Schober
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of HealthEsch sur AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Gilles Iserentant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of HealthEsch sur AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Jean-Yves Servais
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of HealthEsch sur AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, CHU de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of HealthEsch sur AlzetteLuxembourg
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Chronic kidney disease and NLRP3 inflammasome: Pathogenesis, development and targeted therapeutic strategies. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 33:101417. [PMID: 36620089 PMCID: PMC9813680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern and public health priority. The condition often involves inflammation due to the accumulation of toxins and the reduced clearance of inflammatory cytokines, leading to gradual loss of kidney function. Because of the tremendous burden of CKD, finding effective treatment strategies against inflammation is crucial. Substantial evidence suggests an association between kidney disease and the inflammasome. As a well-known multiprotein signaling complex, the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in inducing renal inflammation and fibrosis. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are potential agents for the treatment of CKD.The NLRP3 inflammasome activation amplifies the inflammation response, promoting pyroptotic cell death. Thus, it may contribute to the onset and progression of CKD, but the mechanism behind inflammasome activation in CKD remains obscure.In this review, we summarized recent findings on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CKD and new strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Key Words
- ,IL-18, Interleukin-18
- ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein
- Ang II, Angiotensin II
- CKD, Chronic kidney disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- ESRD, End-stage renal disease
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HK-2, renal tubular epithelial cells
- IL-1β, Interleukin-1β
- Inflammasome
- Kidney function
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- NEK7, NIMA-related kinase 7
- NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD-like receptor
- PAMPs, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TXNIP, thioredoxin-interacting protein
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Wei S, Feng M, Zhang S. Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416115. [PMID: 36555757 PMCID: PMC9783510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an active and ordered form of programmed cell death. The signaling pathways of pyroptosis are mainly divided into canonical pathways mediated by caspase-1 and noncanonical pathways mediated by caspase-11. Cell pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases (mainly caspase-1, 4, 5, 11) and cleavage of various members of the Gasdermin family to form membrane perforation components, leading to cell membrane rupture, inflammatory mediators release, and cell death. Moderate pyroptosis is an innate immune response that fights against infection and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the normal function of the immune system. However, excessive pyroptosis occurs and leads to immune disorders in many pathological conditions. Based on canonical pathways, research on pyroptosis regulation has demonstrated several pyroptotic inhibitors, including small-molecule drugs, natural products, and formulations of traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, we review the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, summarize inhibitors of pyroptosis, and propound that herbal medicines should be a focus on the research and development for pyroptosis blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shidong Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-211-5256; Fax: +86-931-211-5191
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41
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Bosc E, Anastasie J, Soualmia F, Coric P, Kim JY, Wang LQ, Lacin G, Zhao K, Patel R, Duplus E, Tixador P, Sproul AA, Brugg B, Reboud-Ravaux M, Troy CM, Shelanski ML, Bouaziz S, Karin M, El Amri C, Jacotot ED. Genuine selective caspase-2 inhibition with new irreversible small peptidomimetics. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:959. [PMID: 36379916 PMCID: PMC9666555 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 (Casp2) is a promising therapeutic target in several human diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the design of an active-site-directed inhibitor selective to individual caspase family members is challenging because caspases have extremely similar active sites. Here we present new peptidomimetics derived from the VDVAD pentapeptide structure, harboring non-natural modifications at the P2 position and an irreversible warhead. Enzyme kinetics show that these new compounds, such as LJ2 or its specific isomers LJ2a, and LJ3a, strongly and irreversibly inhibit Casp2 with genuine selectivity. In agreement with the established role of Casp2 in cellular stress responses, LJ2 inhibits cell death induced by microtubule destabilization or hydroxamic acid-based deacetylase inhibition. The most potent peptidomimetic, LJ2a, inhibits human Casp2 with a remarkably high inactivation rate (k3/Ki ~5,500,000 M-1 s-1), and the most selective inhibitor, LJ3a, has close to a 1000 times higher inactivation rate on Casp2 as compared to Casp3. Structural analysis of LJ3a shows that the spatial configuration of Cα at the P2 position determines inhibitor efficacy. In transfected human cell lines overexpressing site-1 protease (S1P), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and Casp2, LJ2a and LJ3a fully inhibit Casp2-mediated S1P cleavage and thus SREBP2 activation, suggesting a potential to prevent NASH development. Furthermore, in primary hippocampal neurons treated with β-amyloid oligomers, submicromolar concentrations of LJ2a and of LJ3a prevent synapse loss, indicating a potential for further investigations in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bosc
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Julie Anastasie
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Pascale Coric
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lily Q Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gullen Lacin
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
- MicroBrain Biotech S.A.S. 52 Avenue de l'Europe, Marly-Le-Roi, F-78160, France
| | - Kaitao Zhao
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Duplus
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Philippe Tixador
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Andrew A Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernard Brugg
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Michelle Reboud-Ravaux
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Carol M Troy
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Shelanski
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Etienne D Jacotot
- INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France.
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Liu Y, Wang D, Li T, Yang F, Li Z, Bai X, Wang Y. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammation-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035709. [PMID: 36405697 PMCID: PMC9668849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common complication in survivors of sepsis, which affects the respiratory and motor functions of patients, thus severely impacting their quality of life and long-term survival. Although several advances have been made in investigations on the pathogenetic mechanism of sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Findings from recent studies suggest that the nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a regulator of inflammation, may be crucial in the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. NLRP3 inhibitors contribute to the inhibition of catabolic processes, skeletal muscle atrophy and cachexia-induced inflammation. Here, we review the mechanisms by which NLRP3 mediates these responses and analyse how NLRP3 affects muscle wasting during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Flores J, Fillion ML, LeBlanc AC. Caspase-1 inhibition improves cognition without significantly altering amyloid and inflammation in aged Alzheimer disease mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:864. [PMID: 36220815 PMCID: PMC9553979 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic and animal model studies indicate that brain microglial inflammation is a primary driver of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Inflammasome-activated Caspase-1 (Casp1) is associated with both AD microglial inflammation and neuronal degeneration. In mice, Casp1 genetic ablation or VX-765 small molecule inhibition of Casp1 given at onset of cognitive deficits strongly supports the association between microglial inflammation and cognitive impairment. Here, VX-765 significantly improved episodic and spatial memory impairment eight months after the onset of cognitive impairment in aged AD mice with significant amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation and microglial inflammation. Unexpectedly, while cognitive improvement was associated with dendritic spine density and hippocampal synaptophysin level recovery, VX-765 only slightly decreased Aβ deposition and did not alter biochemically-measured Aβ levels. Furthermore, increased hippocampal Iba1+-microglia, GFAP+-astrocytes, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were unaltered by VX-765. These results support the hypothesis that neuronal degeneration, not Aβ or microglial inflammation, drives cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Flores
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research at Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Marie-Lyne Fillion
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research at Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Andréa C. LeBlanc
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research at Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
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44
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Jewell S, Herath AM, Gordon R. Inflammasome Activation in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S113-S128. [PMID: 35848038 PMCID: PMC9535572 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sterile inflammation and persistent immune activation is a prominent pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes which orchestrate inflammatory responses in immune cells to a diverse range of pathogens and host-derived signals. Widespread inflammasome activation is evident in PD patients at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration as well as in blood samples and mucosal biopsies. Inflammasome activation in the nigrostriatal system is also a common pathological feature in both neurotoxicant and α-synuclein models of PD where dopaminergic degeneration occurs through distinct mechanisms. The NLRP3 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3) inflammasome has been shown to be the primary driver of inflammatory neurotoxicity in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered by pathogenic misfolded α-synuclein aggregates which accumulate and spread over the disease course in PD. Converging lines of evidence suggest that blocking inflammasome activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for disease modification, with both NLRP3 knockout mice and CNS-permeable pharmacological inhibitors providing robust neuroprotection in multiple PD models. This review summarizes the current evidence and knowledge gaps around inflammasome activation in PD, the pathological mechanisms by which persistent inflammasome activation can drive dopaminergic degeneration and the therapeutic opportunities for disease modification using NLRP3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Jewell
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ashane M. Herath
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Gordon
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Zhang R, Wu Z, Li M, Yang J, Cheng R, Hu T. Canonical and noncanonical pyroptosis are both activated in periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1183-1197. [PMID: 36146901 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pyroptosis has both a caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and a caspase-4/-5/-11-dependent noncanonical pathway. They play an important role in inflammatory damage and related diseases. Canonical pyroptosis was reported to be involved in periodontitis. However, knowledge of caspase-4/-5/-11-dependent noncanonical pathway involvement remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of pyroptosis inhibition on periodontitis as well as the possible mechanism, in order to provide a potential target for alleviating periodontitis. METHODS Human and rat periodontitis tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Micro-computed tomography was used to assess alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis model. Pyroptosis-related proteins were tested by western blot. propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release were used to verify pyroptosis activation. RNA sequencing was applied to investigate the preliminary mechanism of the reduced periodontal inflammation induced by YVAD-CHO. RESULTS Both canonical- and noncanonical-related proteins were detected in human and rat periodontitis tissue. The pyroptosis-inhibited group demonstrated less inflammatory response and bone absorption. In vitro, pyroptosis was activated by lipopolysaccharide and inhibited by YVAD-CHO. RNA sequencing demonstrated that the expression of A20 and IκB-ζ was increased and verified by western blot in vitro and IHC in vivo. CONCLUSION These results suggest that inhibition of pyroptosis-reduced inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Su XL, Wang SH, Komal S, Cui LG, Ni RC, Zhang LR, Han SN. The caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 upregulates connexin 43 expression and improves cell-cell communication after myocardial infarction via suppressing the IL-1β/p38 MAPK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2289-2301. [PMID: 35132192 PMCID: PMC9433445 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most important protein in the gap junction channel between cardiomyocytes. Abnormalities of Cx43 change the conduction velocity and direction of cardiomyocytes, leading to reentry and conduction block of the myocardium, thereby causing arrhythmia. It has been shown that IL-1β reduces the expression of Cx43 in astrocytes and cardiomyocytes in vitro. However, whether caspase-1 and IL-1β affect connexin 43 after myocardial infarction (MI) is uncertain. In this study we investigated the effects of VX765, a caspase-1 inhibitor, on the expression of Cx43 and cell-to-cell communication after MI. Rats were treated with VX765 (16 mg/kg, i.v.) 1 h before the left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation, and then once daily for 7 days. The ischemic heart was collected for histochemical analysis and Western blot analysis. We showed that VX765 treatment significantly decreased the infarct area, and alleviated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β expression in the heart after MI. In addition, VX765 treatment markedly raised Cx43 levels in the heart after MI. In vitro experiments were conducted in rat cardiac myocytes (RCMs) stimulated with the supernatant from LPS/ATP-treated rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs). Pretreatment of the RCFs with VX765 (25 μM) reversed the downregulation of Cx43 expression in RCMs and significantly improved intercellular communication detected using a scrape-loading/dye transfer assay. We revealed that VX765 suppressed the activation of p38 MAPK signaling in the heart tissue after MI as well as in RCMs stimulated with the supernatant from LPS/ATP-treated RCFs. Taken together, these data show that the caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 upregulates Cx43 expression and improves cell-to-cell communication in rat heart after MI via suppressing the IL-1β/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liu-Gen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rui-Cong Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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47
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Yao Y, Guan X, Bao G, Liang J, Li T, Zhong X. Whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of a case of non-alpha-fetoprotein-elevated lung hepatoid adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945038. [PMID: 36091765 PMCID: PMC9462446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) is an exceptionally rare malignant tumor with prominent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-like characteristics in organs or tissues outside the liver, while there is no tumor in the liver. Most HAL cases have various degrees of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and exhibit a similar origin and clonal evolution process to HCC. We studied a case of HAL without elevating the AFP level by performing whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses after surgical resection. Our results showed mutations in two driver genes, NLRP3 and PBX1, and we identified HNRNPR, TP73, CFAP57, COL11A1, RUSC1, SLC6A9, DISC1, NBPF26, and OR10K1 as potential driver mutation genes in HAL. In addition, 76 significantly mutated genes (SMG) were identified after the statistical test of each mutation type on genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guan
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyao Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwen Zhong, ; Tian Li,
| | - Xinwen Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwen Zhong, ; Tian Li,
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Inhibition of the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling cascades ameliorates ketamine-induced renal injury and pyroptosis in neonatal rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113229. [PMID: 35679721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a widely-used anesthetic in the field of pediatrics and obstetrics. Multiple studies have revealed that ketamine causes neurotoxicity in developing animals. However, further studies are needed to determine whether clinical doses of ketamine (20 mg/kg) are able to cause kidney damage in developing animals. Herein, we investigated the effects of continuous ketamine exposure on kidney injury and pyroptosis in seven-day-old rats. Serum renal function indicators, renal histopathological analysis, pyroptosis, as well as oxidative stress indicators, were tested. Additionally, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and the Caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 were used to evaluate the role of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis in ketamine-induced kidney injury among developing rats. Our findings indicate that ketamine exposure causes renal histopathological injury, increased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), and led to upregulation in the levels of pyroptosis. Furthermore, we found that ketamine induced an increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), as well as a decrease in the content of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the kidneys of neonatal rats. Moreover, targeting NLRP3 and caspase-1 with MCC950 or VX765 improved pyroptosis and reduced renal damage after continuous ketamine exposure. In conclusion, this study suggested that continued exposure to ketamine caused kidney damage among neonatal rats and that the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related pyroptosis may be involved in this process.
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Activation and Pharmacological Regulation of Inflammasomes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071005. [PMID: 35883561 PMCID: PMC9313256 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular signaling complexes of the innate immune system, which is part of the response to exogenous pathogens or physiological aberration. The multiprotein complexes mainly consist of sensor proteins, adaptors, and pro-caspase-1. The assembly of the inflammasome upon extracellular and intracellular cues drives the activation of caspase-1, which processes pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 to maturation and gasdermin-D for pore formation, leading to pyroptosis and cytokine release. Inflammasome signaling functions in numerous infectious or sterile inflammatory diseases, including inherited autoinflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and COVID-19. In this review, we summarized current ideas on the organization and activation of inflammasomes, with details on the molecular mechanisms, regulations, and interventions. The recent developments of pharmacological strategies targeting inflammasomes as disease therapeutics were also covered.
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50
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García-Fernández A, Vivo-Llorca G, Sancho M, García-Jareño AB, Ramírez-Jiménez L, Barber-Cano E, Murguía JR, Orzáez M, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R. Nanodevices for the Efficient Codelivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Editing Machinery and an Entrapped Cargo: A Proposal for Dual Anti-Inflammatory Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071495. [PMID: 35890389 PMCID: PMC9322049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report one of the few examples of nanoparticles capable of simultaneously delivering CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing machinery and releasing drugs for one-shot treatments. Considering the complexity of inflammation in diseases, the synergistic effect of nanoparticles for gene-editing/drug therapy is evaluated in an in vitro inflammatory model as proof of concept. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), able to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery to edit gasdermin D (GSDMD), a key protein involved in inflammatory cell death, and the anti-inflammatory drug VX-765 (GSDMD45CRISPR-VX-MSNs), were prepared. Nanoparticles allow high cargo loading and CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid protection and, thus, achieve the controlled codelivery of CRISPR-Cas9 and the drug in cells. Nanoparticles exhibit GSDMD gene editing by downregulating inflammatory cell death and achieving a combined effect on decreasing the inflammatory response by the codelivery of VX-765. Taken together, our results show the potential of MSNs as a versatile platform by allowing multiple combinations for gene editing and drug therapy to prepare advanced nanodevices to meet possible biomedical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.V.-L.); (J.R.M.); (F.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-F.); (M.O.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Gema Vivo-Llorca
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.V.-L.); (J.R.M.); (F.S.)
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
| | - Mónica Sancho
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (L.R.-J.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Alicia Belén García-Jareño
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (L.R.-J.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Laura Ramírez-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (L.R.-J.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Eloísa Barber-Cano
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (L.R.-J.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - José Ramón Murguía
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.V.-L.); (J.R.M.); (F.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (L.R.-J.); (E.B.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-F.); (M.O.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.V.-L.); (J.R.M.); (F.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, UPV-IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.V.-L.); (J.R.M.); (F.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.); (A.B.G.-J.)
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, UPV-IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-F.); (M.O.); (R.M.-M.)
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