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Choi T, Choi C, Bang J, Kim Y, Son H, Kim C, Jang J, Jeong Y, Lee B. Multiwavelength Achromatic Deflector in the Visible Using a Single-Layer Freeform Metasurface. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10980-10986. [PMID: 39192436 PMCID: PMC11378335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Deflectors are essential for modulating beam direction in optical systems but often face form factor issues or chromatic aberration with conventional optical elements, such as prisms, mirrors, and diffractive/holographic optical elements. Despite recent efforts to address such issues using metasurfaces, their practicality remains limited due to operation wavelengths in the near-infrared or the fabrication difficulties inherent in the multilayer scheme. Here, we propose a novel single-layer metasurface achieving multiwavelength chromatic aberration-free deflection across the visible spectrum by employing the robust freeform design strategy to simplify the fabrication process. By properly selecting diffraction orders for red, green, and blue wavelengths to achieve identical wavelength-diffraction-order products, the metasurface deflects light at a consistent angle of 41.3° with a high efficiency. The coupled Bloch mode analysis explains the physical properties, and experimental fabrication and characterization confirm its effectiveness. This approach holds potential for various applications such as AR/VR, digital cameras, and high-quality optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Choi
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulsoo Choi
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, Samsung-ro 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseo Bang
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Son
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Jang
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonchan Jeong
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ansari MA, Ahmed H, Li Y, Wang G, Callaghan JE, Wang R, Downing J, Chen X. Multifaceted control of focal points along an arbitrary 3D curved trajectory. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:224. [PMID: 39223113 PMCID: PMC11369200 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metalenses can integrate the functionalities of multiple optical components thanks to the unprecedented capability of optical metasurfaces in light control. With the rapid development of optical metasurfaces, metalenses continue to evolve. Polarization and color play a very important role in understanding optics and serve as valuable tools for gaining insights into our world. Benefiting from the design flexibility of metasurfaces, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a super metalens that can realize multifaceted control of focal points along any 3D curved trajectory. The wavelengths and polarization states of all focal points are engineered in a desirable manner. The super metalens can simultaneously realize customized 3D positioning, polarization states, and wavelengths of focal points, which are experimentally demonstrated with incident wavelengths ranging from 501 to 700 nm. We further showcase the application of the developed super metalenses in 3D optical distance measurement. The compact nature of metasurfaces and unique properties of the proposed super metalenses hold promise to dramatically miniaturize and simplify the optical architecture for applications in optical metrology, imaging, detection, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yan Li
- School of Materials, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, 450015, China
| | - Guanchao Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jemma E Callaghan
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- STMicroelectronics, 1Tanfield, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5DA, UK
| | - Ruoxing Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - James Downing
- STMicroelectronics, 1Tanfield, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5DA, UK
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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3
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Yang ZQ, Chen J, Wang LG, Yang LH, Li Y, Wu ZS, Gong L. Composite scattering characteristics analysis of micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface and microdefects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36039. [PMID: 39247298 PMCID: PMC11379595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to adjust and detect micro-nano periodic structure optical surface accurately and efficiently, the problem of composite scattering between micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface and pore defects is studied use the multi-resolution time domain (MRTD) approach. A calculation model is established for the intensity distribution of composite scattering, which is modulated by the micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface and microdefects. Results are in good agreement with those obtained using CST Microwave Studio software and the finite-different time-domain (FDTD) approach, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the calculation model and method. By combining the field distribution of the micro-ellipsoidal periodic structure optical surface containing microdefects with the optical response at different wavelengths, it is necessary to study the influence of various parameters of the micro-ellipsoidal structure and microdefects on the optical system of metamaterials. The effects of the parameters such as roughness, structure of micro-ellipsoidal unit, defect sizes and buried depths on the composite scattering characteristics are analyzed numerically. The results provide technical support for the fields of functional surface design, ultrasensitive detection, scattering peak orientation and frequency selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yang
- School of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Li-Guo Wang
- School of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Li-Hong Yang
- School of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zhen-Sen Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, shaanxi 710016, China
| | - Lei Gong
- School of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, shaanxi 710021, China
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4
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Heo H, Rho J. Waveguide-integrated metasurfaces for multi-channel crosstalk-free holography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 39179541 PMCID: PMC11343757 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Limited information capacity and inter-channel crosstalk in metaholograms hinder their practical use in display applications. Leveraging waveguide-based metasurfaces, the integration of spin and angle-of-incidence multiplexing facilitates the generation of broadband six-channel metaholograms free from crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsu Heo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Zhang W, Chen X, Chen Y, Li HY, Liu H. Construction of semiconductor nanocomposites for room-temperature gas sensors. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12883-12908. [PMID: 38919996 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Gas sensors are essential for ensuring public safety and improving quality of life. Room-temperature gas sensors are notable for their potential economic benefits and low energy consumption, and their expected integration with wearable electronics, making them a focal point of contemporary research. Advances in nanomaterials and low-dimensional semiconductors have significantly contributed to the enhancement of room-temperature gas sensors. These advancements have focused on improving sensitivity, selectivity, and response/recovery times, with nanocomposites offering distinct advantages. The discussion here focuses on the use of semiconductor nanocomposites for gas sensing at room temperature, and provides a review of the latest synthesis techniques for these materials. This involves the precise adjustment of chemical compositions, microstructures, and morphologies. In addition, the design principles and potential functional mechanisms are examined. This is crucial for deepening the understanding and enhancing the operational capabilities of sensors. We also highlight the challenges faced in scaling up the production of nanocomposite materials. Looking ahead, semiconductor nanocomposites are expected to drive innovation in gas sensor technology due to their carefully crafted design and construction, paving the way for their extensive use in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Yuexi Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Hua-Yao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Application, Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute of HUST, 1085 Meiquan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China.
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6
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Choi WJ, Lee SH, Cha M, Kotov NA. Chiral Kirigami for Bend-Tolerant Reconfigurable Hologram with Continuously Variable Chirality Measures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401131. [PMID: 38850153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the commonality of static holograms, the holography with multiple information layers and reconfigurable grey-scale images at communication frequencies remain a confluence of scientific challenges. One well-known difficulty is the simultaneous modulation of phase and amplitude of electromagnetic wavefronts with a high modulation depth. A less appreciated challenge is scrambling of the information and images with hologram bending. Here, this work shows that chirality-guided pixelation of plasmonic kirigami sheets enables tunable multiplexed holography at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The convex and concave structures with slanted Au strips exhibit gradual variations in geometries facilitating modulation of light ellipticity reaching 40 deg. Real-time switching of 3D images of the letter "M" and the Mona Lisa demonstrates the possibility of complex grey-scale information content and importance of continuously variable mirror asymmetry. Microscale chirality measures of each pixel experiences little change with bending while retaining controllable reconfigurability upon stretching, which translates to remarkable resilience of chiral holograms to bending. Simplicity of their design with local chirality measures opens the door to information technologies with fault-tolerant THz encryption, wearable holographic devices, and new communication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Choi
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Physical Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Minjeong Cha
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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7
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Kim J, Im JH, So S, Choi Y, Kang H, Lim B, Lee M, Kim YK, Rho J. Dynamic Hyperspectral Holography Enabled by Inverse-Designed Metasurfaces with Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311785. [PMID: 38456592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are flat arrays of nanostructures that allow exquisite control of phase and amplitude of incident light. Although metasurfaces offer new active element for both fundamental science and applications, the challenge still remains to overcome their low information capacity and passive nature. Here, by integrating an inverse-designed-metasurface with oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal (ChOH), simultaneous spatial and spectral tunable metasurfaces with a high information capacity for dynamic hyperspectral holography, are demonstrated. The inverse design facilitates a single-phase map encoding of ten independent holographic images at different wavelengths. ChOH provides precise spectral modulation with narrow bandwidth and wide tunable regime in response to programmed stimuli, thus enabling dynamic switching of the multicolor holography. The results provide simple and generalizable principles for the rational design of interactive metasurfaces that will find numerous applications, including security platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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8
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Choi M, Munley C, Fröch JE, Chen R, Majumdar A. Nonlocal, Flat-Band Meta-Optics for Monolithic, High-Efficiency, Compact Photodetectors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3150-3156. [PMID: 38477059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized photodetectors are becoming increasingly sought-after components for next-generation technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, integrated wearable devices, or gadgets embedded on the Internet of Things. A major challenge, however, lies in shrinking the device footprint while maintaining high efficiency. This conundrum can be solved by realizing a nontrivial relation between the energy and momentum of photons, such as dispersion-free devices, known as flat bands. Here, we leverage flat-band meta-optics to simultaneously achieve critical absorption over a wide range of incidence angles. For a monolithic silicon meta-optical photodiode, we achieved an ∼10-fold enhancement in the photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. Such enhancement over a large angular range of ∼36° allows incoming light to be collected via a large-aperture lens and focused on a compact photodiode, potentially enabling high-speed and low-light operation. Our research unveils new possibilities for creating compact and efficient optoelectronic devices with far-reaching impact on various applications, including augmented reality and light detection and ranging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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9
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Wang D, Li ZS, Zheng Y, Zhao YR, Liu C, Xu JB, Zheng YW, Huang Q, Chang CL, Zhang DW, Zhuang SL, Wang QH. Liquid lens based holographic camera for real 3D scene hologram acquisition using end-to-end physical model-driven network. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:62. [PMID: 38424072 PMCID: PMC10904790 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
With the development of artificial intelligence, neural network provides unique opportunities for holography, such as high fidelity and dynamic calculation. How to obtain real 3D scene and generate high fidelity hologram in real time is an urgent problem. Here, we propose a liquid lens based holographic camera for real 3D scene hologram acquisition using an end-to-end physical model-driven network (EEPMD-Net). As the core component of the liquid camera, the first 10 mm large aperture electrowetting-based liquid lens is proposed by using specially fabricated solution. The design of the liquid camera ensures that the multi-layers of the real 3D scene can be obtained quickly and with great imaging performance. The EEPMD-Net takes the information of real 3D scene as the input, and uses two new structures of encoder and decoder networks to realize low-noise phase generation. By comparing the intensity information between the reconstructed image after depth fusion and the target scene, the composite loss function is constructed for phase optimization, and the high-fidelity training of hologram with true depth of the 3D scene is realized for the first time. The holographic camera achieves the high-fidelity and fast generation of the hologram of the real 3D scene, and the reconstructed experiment proves that the holographic image has the advantage of low noise. The proposed holographic camera is unique and can be used in 3D display, measurement, encryption and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao-Song Li
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - You-Ran Zhao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin-Bo Xu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zheng
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qian Huang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chen-Liang Chang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhuang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Qiong-Hua Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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10
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Ko B, Jeon N, Kim J, Kang H, Seong J, Yun S, Badloe T, Rho J. Hydrogels for active photonics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38169527 PMCID: PMC10757998 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional photonic devices exhibit static optical properties that are design-dependent, including the material's refractive index and geometrical parameters. However, they still possess attractive optical responses for applications and are already exploited in devices across various fields. Hydrogel photonics has emerged as a promising solution in the field of active photonics by providing primarily deformable geometric parameters in response to external stimuli. Over the past few years, various studies have been undertaken to attain stimuli-responsive photonic devices with tunable optical properties. Herein, we focus on the recent advancements in hydrogel-based photonics and micro/nanofabrication techniques for hydrogels. In particular, fabrication techniques for hydrogel photonic devices are categorized into film growth, photolithography (PL), electron-beam lithography (EBL), and nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Furthermore, we provide insights into future directions and prospects for deformable hydrogel photonics, along with their potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
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11
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Li Y, Ansari MA, Ahmed H, Wang R, Wang G, Chen X. Longitudinally variable 3D optical polarization structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj6675. [PMID: 37992179 PMCID: PMC10664995 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Generation and manipulation of three-dimensional (3D) optical polarization structures have received considerable interest because of their distinctive optical features and potential applications. However, the realization of multiple 3D polarization structures in a queue along the light propagation direction has not yet been reported. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a metalens to create longitudinally variable 3D polarization knots. A single metalens can simultaneously generate three distinct 3D polarization knots, which are indirectly validated with a rotating polarizer. The 3D polarization profiles are dynamically modulated by manipulating the linear polarization direction of the incident light. We further showcase the 3D image steganography with the generated 3D polarization structures. The ultrathin nature of metasurfaces and unique properties of the developed metalenses hold promise for lightweight polarization systems applicable to areas such as 3D image steganography and virtual reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Materials, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015, China
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ruoxing Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Guanchao Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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12
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Li G, Wen B, Yang J, Wu M, Zhou B, Ye X, Tang H, Zhou J, Cai J. Cost-Effective Nanophotonic Metasurfaces with Spatially Gradient Structures for Ultrasensitive Imaging-Based Refractometric Sensing. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300873. [PMID: 37884469 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic metasurfaces are widely utilized in various domains, such as biomedical, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, benefiting from their unique advantages of label-free, noninvasive, and real-time response. However, nanophotonic metasurfaces usually rely on sophisticated instruments, and expensive and time-consuming fabrication processes, which severely restricts their practical applications. Herein, a spatially gradient metasurface is integrated with an imaging-based sensing scheme, waiving the requirement of spectrometers and achieving an ultrahigh imaging-based sensitivity of 3321 pixels/refractive index unit superior to that characterized using conventional compact spectrometers. The metasurface is fabricated by nanoimprint lithography using a reusable cyclic olefin copolymer template featuring millions of unique nanostructures. Under the illumination of monochromatic light, the transmittance of different nanostructures on the metasurface differs, resulting in grayscale images with varied intensity distributions. Analyzing the intensity change of the metasurface's recorded image can obtain the covering medium's refractive index. Furthermore, through theory and experimentation, the high reliability of the proposed reusable and flexible template has been verified for nanophotonic metasurface fabrication which further reduces the fabrication cost of core sensing elements. Finally, with proper optimization of the metasurface structure and imaging system, this setup is expected to be applied to many emerging areas of point-of-care, real-time, and on-site biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Baohua Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ji Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Mingxi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiangyi Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jingxuan Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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13
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Zhou Y, Fan JA. Polychromatic metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization in the mid-infrared. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:249. [PMID: 37805594 PMCID: PMC10560284 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional metasurfaces based on wavelength-decoupled supercells are experimentally demonstrated, enabling new regimes of optical control for arbitrary orthogonal polarizations at different wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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14
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Barulin A, Park H, Park B, Kim I. Dual-wavelength UV-visible metalens for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy: A simulation study. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100545. [PMID: 37645253 PMCID: PMC10461252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy is advancing with research on utilizing ultraviolet and visible light. Dual-wavelength approaches are sought for observing DNA/RNA- and vascular-related disorders. However, the availability of high numerical aperture lenses covering both ultraviolet and visible wavelengths is severely limited due to challenges such as chromatic aberration in the optics. Herein, we present a groundbreaking proposal as a pioneering simulation study for incorporating multilayer metalenses into ultraviolet-visible photoacoustic microscopy. The proposed metalens has a thickness of 1.4 µm and high numerical aperture of 0.8. By arranging cylindrical hafnium oxide nanopillars, we design an achromatic transmissive lens for 266 and 532 nm wavelengths. The metalens achieves a diffraction-limited focal spot, surpassing commercially available objective lenses. Through three-dimensional photoacoustic simulation, we demonstrate high-resolution imaging with superior endogenous contrast of targets with ultraviolet and visible optical absorption bands. This metalens will open new possibilities for downsized multispectral photoacoustic microscopy in clinical and preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Barulin
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byullee Park
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chung T, Wang H, Cai H. Dielectric metasurfaces for next-generation optical biosensing: a comparison with plasmonic sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:10.1088/1361-6528/ace117. [PMID: 37352839 PMCID: PMC10416613 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, nanophotonic biosensors have been extended from the extensively studied plasmonic platforms to dielectric metasurfaces. Instead of plasmonic resonance, dielectric metasurfaces are based on Mie resonance, and provide comparable sensitivity with superior resonance bandwidth, Q factor, and figure-of-merit. Although the plasmonic photothermal effect is beneficial in many biomedical applications, it is a fundamental limitation for biosensing. Dielectric metasurfaces solve the ohmic loss and heating problems, providing better repeatability, stability, and biocompatibility. We review the high-Q resonances based on various physical phenomena tailored by meta-atom geometric designs, and compare dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces in refractometric, surface-enhanced, and chiral sensing for various biomedical and diagnostic applications. Departing from conventional spectral shift measurement using spectrometers, imaging-based and spectrometer-less biosensing are highlighted, including single-wavelength refractometric barcoding, surface-enhanced molecular fingerprinting, and integrated visual reporting. These unique modalities enabled by dielectric metasurfaces point to two important research directions. On the one hand, hyperspectral imaging provides massive information for smart data processing, which not only achieve better biomolecular sensing performance than conventional ensemble averaging, but also enable real-time monitoring of cellular or microbial behaviour in physiological conditions. On the other hand, a single metasurface can integrate both functions of sensing and optical output engineering, using single-wavelength or broadband light sources, which provides simple, fast, compact, and cost-effective solutions. Finally, we provide perspectives in future development on metasurface nanofabrication, functionalization, material, configuration, and integration, towards next-generation optical biosensing for ultra-sensitive, portable/wearable, lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care, multiplexed, and scalable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taerin Chung
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Haogang Cai
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States of America
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16
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Ahmed H, Ansari MA, Li Y, Zentgraf T, Mehmood MQ, Chen X. Dynamic control of hybrid grafted perfect vector vortex beams. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3915. [PMID: 37400452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) have attracted considerable interest due to their peculiar optical features. PVVBs are typically generated through the superposition of perfect vortex beams, which suffer from the limited number of topological charges (TCs). Furthermore, dynamic control of PVVBs is desirable and has not been reported. We propose and experimentally demonstrate hybrid grafted perfect vector vortex beams (GPVVBs) and their dynamic control. Hybrid GPVVBs are generated through the superposition of grafted perfect vortex beams with a multifunctional metasurface. The generated hybrid GPVVBs possess spatially variant rates of polarization change due to the involvement of more TCs. Each hybrid GPVVB includes different GPVVBs in the same beam, adding more design flexibility. Moreover, these beams are dynamically controlled with a rotating half waveplate. The generated dynamic GPVVBs may find applications in the fields where dynamic control is in high demand, including optical encryption, dense data communication, and multiple particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Materials, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, 450015, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Thomas Zentgraf
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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17
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Yang Y, Seong J, Choi M, Park J, Kim G, Kim H, Jeong J, Jung C, Kim J, Jeon G, Lee KI, Yoon DH, Rho J. Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:152. [PMID: 37339970 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoseon Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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18
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McGovern FR, Hernik A, Grogan C, Amarandei G, Naydenova I. The Development of Optomechanical Sensors-Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures for Enhanced Sensitivity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5711. [PMID: 37420875 DOI: 10.3390/s23125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The term optomechanical sensors describes devices based on coupling the optical and mechanical sensing principles. The presence of a target analyte leads to a mechanical change, which, in turn, determines an alteration in the light propagation. Having higher sensitivity in comparison with the individual technologies upon which they are based, the optomechanical devices are used in biosensing, humidity, temperature, and gases detection. This perspective focuses on a particular class, namely on devices based on diffractive optical structures (DOS). Many configurations have been developed, including cantilever- and MEMS-type devices, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and cavity optomechanical sensing devices. These state-of-the-art sensors operate on the principle of a mechanical transducer coupled with a diffractive element resulting in a variation in the intensity or wavelength of the diffracted light in the presence of the target analyte. Therefore, as DOS can further enhance the sensitivity and selectivity, we present the individual mechanical and optical transducing methods and demonstrate how the DOS introduction can lead to an enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Their (low-) cost manufacturing and their integration in new sensing platforms with great adaptability across many sensing areas are discussed, being foreseen that their implementation on wider application areas will further increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faolan Radford McGovern
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Industrial & Engineering Optics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aleksandra Hernik
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Industrial & Engineering Optics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Grogan
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- The Group of Applied Physics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - George Amarandei
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- The Group of Applied Physics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Izabela Naydenova
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Industrial & Engineering Optics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li Z, Han H, Song W, Yi J. A chemiresistive-potentiometric multivariate sensor for discriminative gas detection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3495. [PMID: 37311822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient gas sensors able to detect and identify hazardous gases are crucial for numerous applications. Array of conventional single-output sensors is currently limited by problems including drift, large size, and high cost. Here, we report a sensor with multiple chemiresistive and potentiometric outputs for discriminative gas detection. Such sensor is applicable to a wide range of semiconducting electrodes and solid electrolytes, which allows to tailor and optimize the sensing pattern by tuning the material combination and conditions. The sensor performance is boosted by equipping a mixed-conducting perovskite electrode with reverse potentiometric polarity. A conceptual sensor with dual sensitive electrodes achieves superior three-dimensional (sub)ppm sensing and discrimination of humidity and seven hazardous gases (2-Ethylhexanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide), and enables accurate and early warning of fire hazards. Our findings offer possibilities to design simple, compact, inexpensive, and highly efficient multivariate gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Safety Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zuobin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Safety Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Safety Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Hongjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Safety Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Weiguo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Safety Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Jianxin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Safety Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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20
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Wang R, Ansari MA, Ahmed H, Li Y, Cai W, Liu Y, Li S, Liu J, Li L, Chen X. Compact multi-foci metalens spectrometer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:103. [PMID: 37142575 PMCID: PMC10160045 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A lightweight and portable spectrometer is desirable for miniaturization and integration. The unprecedented capability of optical metasurfaces has shown much promise to perform such a task. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact high-resolution spectrometer with a multi-foci metalens. The novel metalens is designed based on wavelength and phase multiplexing, which can accurately map the wavelength information into its focal points located on the same plane. The measured wavelengths in the light spectra agree with simulation results upon the illumination of various incident light spectra. The uniqueness of this technique lies in the novel metalens that can simultaneously realize wavelength splitting and light focusing. The compactness and ultrathin nature of the metalens spectrometer render this technology have potential applications in on-chip integrated photonics where spectral analysis and information processing can be performed in a compact platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxing Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, 071003, Baoding, China
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Materials, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, 450015, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, 071003, Baoding, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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21
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Liu M, Yang M, Wan X, Tang Z, Jiang L, Wang S. From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208995. [PMID: 36409139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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22
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Satti AJ, Naveed MA, Javed I, Mahmood N, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Massoud Y. A highly efficient broadband multi-functional metaplate. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2010-2016. [PMID: 36998653 PMCID: PMC10044298 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00953f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the considerable potential of ultra-compact and highly integrated meta-optics, multi-functional metasurfaces have attracted great attention. The mergence of nanoimprinting and holography is one of the fascinating study areas for image display and information masking in meta-devices. However, existing methods rely on layering and enclosing, where many resonators combine various functions effectively at the expense of efficiency, design complication, and complex fabrication. To overcome these limitations, a novel technique for a tri-operational metasurface has been suggested by merging PB phase-based helicity-multiplexing and Malus's law of intensity modulation. To the best of our knowledge, this technique resolves the extreme-mapping issue in a single-sized scheme without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. For proof of concept, a multi-functional metasurface built of single-sized zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanobricks is developed to demonstrate the viability of simultaneous control of near and far-field operations. The proposed metasurface successfully verifies the implementation of a multi-functional design strategy with conventional single-resonator geometry by reproducing two high-fidelity images in the far field and projecting one nanoimprinting image in the near field. This makes the proposed information multiplexing technique a potential candidate for many high-end and multi-fold optical storage, information-switching, and anti-counterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Javed Satti
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashar Naveed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Isma Javed
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
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23
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Zhang Z, Bolshakov A, Han J, Zhu J, Yang KL. Electrospun Core-Sheath Fibers with a Uniformly Aligned Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36916499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun polymer-liquid crystal (PLC) fibers have potential applications such as wearable sensors and adaptive textiles because of their rapid response and high flexibility. However, existing PLC fibers only have a narrow responsive range and poor resistance to heat and chemicals. Herein, a new type of PLC fiber is prepared by using a coaxial electrospinning process. The core solution is 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB), and the sheath solution is a mixture containing 13 wt % PVP and 10 wt % reactive mesogen (RM). After UV exposure of the fibers, 5CB in the core and RM diffusing from the core are cross-linked into an LC polymer. The fibers have a highly uniform morphology with an average diameter of 3.2 ± 0.5 μm, and mesogens inside the fibers align unidirectionally with the long axis of the fibers. The fibers show a broad phase-transition temperature range between 13.5 and 155.5 °C and have a response time of less than 10 s. The temperature range can also be controlled by adjusting components in the electrospun fibers and UV exposure time. The core-sheath fibers prepared in such a manner exhibit excellent heat and chemical resistance with reversible optical responses. Moreover, when the fibers are exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene, the fibers show a rapid optical response to toluene vapor within 25 s. This study demonstrates that the fibers are potentially useful for preparing flexible temperature and chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrey Bolshakov
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Prévôt ME, Ustunel S, Freychet G, Webb CR, Zhernenkov M, Pindak R, Clements RJ, Hegmann E. Physical Models from Physical Templates Using Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Morphologically Programmable Inks For 3D Printing. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200343. [PMID: 36415071 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced manufacturing has received considerable attention as a tool for the fabrication of cell scaffolds however, finding ideal biocompatible and biodegradable materials that fit the correct parameters for 3D printing and guide cells to align remain a challenge. Herein, a photocrosslinkable smectic-A (Sm-A) liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) designed for 3D printing is presented, that promotes cell proliferation but most importantly induces cell anisotropy. The LCE-based bio-ink allows the 3D duplication of a highly complex brain structure generated from an animal model. Vascular tissue models are generated from fluorescently stained mouse tissue spatially imaged using confocal microscopy and subsequently processed to create a digital 3D model suitable for printing. The 3D structure is reproduced using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) stereolithography (SLA) desktop 3D printer. Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction (SAXD) data reveal a strong alignment of the LCE layering within the struts of the printed 3D scaffold. The resultant anisotropy of the LCE struts is then shown to direct cell growth. This study offers a simple approach to produce model tissues built within hours that promote cellular alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Senay Ustunel
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Guillaume Freychet
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Caitlyn R Webb
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ron Pindak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Robert J Clements
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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25
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Gong J, Xiong L, Pu M, Guo Y, Wen Y, He Q, Li X, Ma X, Luo X. Simple route for high-throughput fabrication of metasurfaces using one-step UV-curable resin printing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8068-8080. [PMID: 36859924 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phase-gradient metasurfaces are two-dimensional (2D) optical elements that can manipulate light by imposing local, space-variant phase changes on an incident electromagnetic wave. These metasurfaces hold the potential and the promise to revolutionize photonics by providing ultrathin alternatives for a wide range of common optical elements such as bulky refractive optics, waveplates, polarizers, and axicons. However, the fabrication of state-of-the-art metasurfaces typically requires some time-consuming, expensive, and possibly hazardous processing steps. To overcome these limitations on conventional metasurface fabrication, a facile methodology to produce phase-gradient metasurfaces through one-step UV-curable resin printing is developed by our research group. The method dramatically reduces the required processing time and cost, as well as eliminates safety hazards. As a proof-of-concept, the advantages of the method are clearly demonstrated via a rapid reproduction of high-performance metalenses based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase gradient concept in the visible spectrum.
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26
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Zhang JC, Wu GB, Chen MK, Liu X, Chan KF, Tsai DP, Chan CH. A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8478. [PMID: 36706183 PMCID: PMC9883050 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sixth-generation (6G) communication technology is being developed in full swing and is expected to be faster and better than the fifth generation. The precise information transfer directivity and the concentration of signal strength are the key topics of 6G technology. We report the synthetic phase design of rotary doublet Airy beam and triplet Gaussian beam varifocal meta-devices to fully control the terahertz beam's propagation direction and coverage area. The focusing spot can be delivered to arbitrary positions in a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional space. The highly concentrated signal can be delivered to a specific position, and the transmission direction can be adjusted freely to enable secure, flexible, and high-directivity 6G communication systems. This technology avoids the high costs associated with extensive use of active components. 6G communication systems, wireless power transfer, zoom imaging, and remote sensing will benefit from large-scale adoption of such a technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geng-Bo Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Fai Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Corresponding author. (D.P.T.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Chi Hou Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Corresponding author. (D.P.T.); (C.H.C.)
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27
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Wang Z, Ma W, Gao Z, Zhao Z, Du B, Wei J, Jiang D, Lan K, Chen R, Yan S, Qin G. Sex Pheromone Receptor-Derived Peptide Biosensor for Efficient Monitoring of the Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. ACS Sens 2023; 8:363-371. [PMID: 36607353 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera), causes damage to a wide range of cultivated crops and is one of the pests with the greatest economic importance for global agriculture. Currently, the detection of H. armigera is based on manual sampling. A low limit of detection (LOD), convenient, and real-time monitoring method is urgently needed for its early warning and efficient management. Here, we characterized the amino acid sequence in the sex pheromone receptors (SPRs) recognizing the pheromone components of H. armigera by three-dimensional (3D) modeling and molecular docking. Next, sex pheromone receptor-derived peptides (SPRPs) were synthesized and conjugated to nanotubes by chemical connection. The modified nanotubes were used to fabricate a sensor capable of real-time monitoring of gaseous sex pheromone compounds with a low LOD (∼10 ppb for Z11-16:Ald) and selectivity, and the sensor was able to detect a single live H. armigera. Furthermore, the developed biosensor allowed direct monitoring of the pheromone release dynamics by female H. armigera and showed that the release was instantly reduced in response to light. Here, we report the first demonstration of a biosensing method for detecting gaseous sex pheromones and live H. armigera. The findings show the great potential of the SPRP sensor for broad applications in insect biology study and infestation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zisen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Baojiang Du
- Shanghe County Agriculture and Rural Enterprise Development Center, Jinan 251600, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Wei
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dun Jiang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Kuibo Lan
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Guoxuan Qin
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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28
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Kim WS, Im JH, Kim H, Choi JK, Choi Y, Kim YK. Liquid Crystalline Systems from Nature and Interaction of Living Organisms with Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204275. [PMID: 35861641 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials, which are substances interacting with biological systems, have been extensively explored to understand living organisms and obtain scientific inspiration (such as biomimetics). However, many aspects of biomaterials have yet to be fully understood. Because liquid crystalline phases are ubiquitously found in biomaterials (e.g., cholesterol, amphiphile, DNA, cellulose, bacteria), therefore, a wide range of research has made attempts to approach unresolved issues with the concept of liquid crystals (LCs). This review presents these studies that address the interactive correlation between biomaterials and LCs. Specifically, intrinsic LC behavior of various biomaterials such as DNA, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacteriaare first introduced. Second, the dynamics of bacteria in LC media are addressed, with focus on how bacteria interact with LCs, and how dynamics of bacteria can be controlled by exploiting the characteristics of LCs. Lastly, how the strong correlation between LCs and biomaterials has been leveraged to design a new class of biosensors with additional functionalities (e.g., self-regulated drug release) that are not available in previous systems is reviewed. Examples addressed in this review convey the message that the intersection between biomaterials and LCs offers deep insights into fundamental understanding of biomaterials, and provides resources for development of transformative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kang Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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29
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Chu T, Rong C, Zhou L, Mao X, Zhang B, Xuan F. Progress and Perspectives of Single-Atom Catalysts for Gas Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206783. [PMID: 36106690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) attract extensive attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysis in recent years due to the maximum atom utilization and unique physical and chemical properties. The gas sensing is actually a heterogeneous catalysis process but the SACs are new to this area. Although SACs show huge potential in gas sensing, the SACs gas sensing area currently is still at the infancy stage. This work critically reviews the recent advances and current status of single-atom gas sensing materials. General synthesis routes, characterization methods, and sensing performance indexes are introduced. At the end, the challenges and future prospects on SACs gas sensing are presented from the authors' perspectives. This work is anticipated to provide insights and guideline for the chemical sensing community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chao Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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30
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Wang Y, Li H, Chu J, Xia Y, Ye S, Yang F, Cao W, Ge JY, Xu Y, Zhu M, Pan H, Nie Z. Site-Selective Assembly of Centimeter-Scale Arrays of Precisely Oriented Magnetic Nanoellipsoids. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21208-21215. [PMID: 36453842 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The precise organization and orientation of anisotropic nanoparticles (NPs) on substrates over a large area is key to the application of NP assemblies in functional optical, electronic, and magnetic devices, but achieving such high-precision NP assembly still remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the site-selective assembly of magnetic nanoellipsoids into large-area precisely positioned, orientationally controlled arrays via a combination of chemical patterning and magnetic manipulation. Magnetic ellipsoidal NPs are selectively positioned on predetermined chemical patterns with high fidelity through electrostatic interactions and aligned uniformly in line with an applied magnetic field. The position, orientation, and interparticle spacing of the ellipsoids can be precisely tuned by controlling the chemical patterns and magnetic field. This approach is simple to implement and can generate centimeter-scale arrays in high yield (up to 99%). The arrays exhibit collective magnetic responses that are dependent on the orientation of the ellipsoids. This work offers a tool for the fabrication of precisely engineered arrays of anisotropic NPs for applications such as metasurface and artificial spin ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Shunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yi Ge
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an710054, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, P.R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu City, 322000, P.R. China
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31
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Wang J, Cai W, He H, Cen M, Liu J, Kong D, Luo D, Lu YQ, Liu YJ. Cholesteric liquid crystal-enabled electrically programmable metasurfaces for simultaneous near- and far-field displays. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17921-17928. [PMID: 36458471 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces can enable polarization multiplexing of light so as to carry more information. Specific polarized light necessitates bulk polarizers and waveplates, which significantly increases the form size of metasurface devices. We propose an electrically programmable metasurface enabled by dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystals (DF-CLCs) for simultaneous near- and far-field displays. Moreover, the integrated device can be electrically programmed to demonstrate 6 different optical images by engineering the DF-CLCs with frequency-modulated voltage pulses. Such programmable metasurfaces are potentially useful for many applications including information storage, displays, anti-counterfeiting, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Mengjia Cen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Delai Kong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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32
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Li Z, Wan C, Dai C, Li Z. Immersion-Triggered Active Switch for Spin-Decoupled Meta-Optics Multi-Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205041. [PMID: 36316231 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Meta-optics exhibits many promising applications in various fields of optical displays, imaging, and information encryption. However, heading towards next-generation intelligent displays, its broad implementation is critically restricted by the lack of practical active tuning capability. Beyond the conventional electrical/optical/mechanical/thermal tuning methods, liquid immersion has recently emerged as a facile mechanism for active spectral tuning. To further conquer the challenge in achieving active complicated optical-field manipulation, here, an environment-compliant switch for meta-optics multi-display is originally proposed and experimentally realized via the liquid immersion tuning scheme. By designing the spin-decoupled phase array for left-/right-handed circular polarizations, it flexibly presents quad-fold independent-encoded phase distributions for different medium-relevant and polarization-controlled channels, thus enabling four switchable holographic images through immersion tuning. Such a proposed immersion tuning design is quite a straightforward approach for meta-optics holographic displays, enjoying full-spatial usage, design flexibility, and large-scale facile implementation. Overall, the proposed liquid immersion tuning strategy for a meta-optics multi-display would strongly benefit the practical applications in biochemical sensing, environment-adaptive displays, and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Wan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Chenjie Dai
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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33
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Saifullah Y, He Y, Boag A, Yang G, Xu F. Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203747. [PMID: 36117118 PMCID: PMC9685480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space-time modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a promising technology for sixth-generation communication networks, are explored. Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) that can achieve full-space EM wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Saifullah
- College of Electronics and Information EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Yejun He
- College of Electronics and Information EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Amir Boag
- School of Electrical EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityRamat Aviv69978Israel
| | - Guo‐Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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Ko B, Badloe T, Yang Y, Park J, Kim J, Jeong H, Jung C, Rho J. Tunable metasurfaces via the humidity responsive swelling of single-step imprinted polyvinyl alcohol nanostructures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6256. [PMID: 36270995 PMCID: PMC9587293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of hydrogels in nanophotonics has been restricted due to their low fabrication feasibility and refractive index. Nevertheless, their elasticity and strength are attractive properties for use in flexible, wearable-devices, and their swelling characteristics in response to the relative humidity highlight their potential for use in tunable nanophotonics. We investigate the use of nanostructured polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using a one-step nanoimprinting technique for tunable and erasable optical security metasurfaces with multiplexed structural coloration and metaholography. The resolution of the PVA nanoimprinting reaches sub-100 nm, with aspect ratios approaching 10. In response to changes in the relative humidity, the PVA nanostructures swell by up to ~35.5%, providing precise wavefront manipulation of visible light. Here, we demonstrate various highly-secure multiplexed optical encryption metasurfaces to display, hide, or destroy encrypted information based on the relative humidity both irreversibly and reversibly. PVA is a hydrogel that has attractive swelling properties for use in tunable photonic applications. Here, the authors exploit PVA with nanoimprint lithography to realize multiplexed optical encryption metasurfaces to display, hide, and destroy encrypted information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonyeong Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Abdelraouf OAM, Wang Z, Liu H, Dong Z, Wang Q, Ye M, Wang XR, Wang QJ, Liu H. Recent Advances in Tunable Metasurfaces: Materials, Design, and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13339-13369. [PMID: 35976219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterials constituted by planar meta-atoms, exhibit exotic abilities to tailor electromagnetic (EM) waves freely. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to develop various active materials and incorporate them into functional devices for practical applications, pushing the research of tunable metasurfaces to the forefront of nanophotonics. Those active materials include phase change materials (PCMs), semiconductors, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), ferroelectrics, liquid crystals (LCs), atomically thin material, etc., and enable intriguing performances such as fast switching speed, large modulation depth, ultracompactness, and significant contrast of optical properties under external stimuli. Integration of such materials offers substantial tunability to the conventional passive nanophotonic platforms. Tunable metasurfaces with multifunctionalities triggered by various external stimuli bring in rich degrees of freedom in terms of material choices and device designs to dynamically manipulate and control EM waves on demand. This field has recently flourished with the burgeoning development of physics and design methodologies, particularly those assisted by the emerging machine learning (ML) algorithms. This review outlines recent advances in tunable metasurfaces in terms of the active materials and tuning mechanisms, design methodologies, and practical applications. We conclude this review paper by providing future perspectives in this vibrant and fast-growing research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A M Abdelraouf
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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36
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Li D, Liu W, Zhu B, Qu M, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Xie J. Machine Learning-Assisted Multifunctional Environmental Sensing Based on a Piezoelectric Cantilever. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2767-2777. [PMID: 36106454 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional environmental sensing is crucial for various applications in agriculture, pollution monitoring, and disease diagnosis. However, most of these sensing systems consist of multiple sensors, leading to significantly increased dimensions, energy consumption, and structural complexity. They also often suffer from signal interferences among multiple sensing elements. Herein, we report a multifunctional environmental sensor based on one single sensing element. A MoS2 film was deposited on the surface of a piezoelectric microcantilever (300 × 1000 μm2) and used as both a sensing layer and top electrode to make full use of the changes in multiple properties of MoS2 after its exposure to various environments. The proposed sensor has been demonstrated for humidity detection and achieved high resolution (0.3% RH), low hysteresis (5.6%), and fast response (1 s) and recovery (2.8 s). Based on the analysis of the magnitude spectra for transmission using machine learning algorithms, the sensor accurately quantifies temperatures and CO2 concentrations in the interference of humidity with accuracies of 91.9 and 92.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor has been successfully demonstrated for real-time detection of humidity and temperature or CO2 concentrations for various applications, revealing its great potential in human-machine interactions and health monitoring of plants and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Weiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
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Javed I, Kim J, Naveed MA, Oh DK, Jeon D, Kim I, Zubair M, Massoud Y, Mehmood MQ, Rho J. Broad-Band Polarization-Insensitive Metasurface Holography with a Single-Phase Map. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36019-36026. [PMID: 35912417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable potential of metasurface holography promises revolutionary advancements for imaging, chip-integrated augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) technology, and flat optical displays. The choice of constituent element geometry constrains many potential applications purveyed through polarization-independent optical response. The limited capabilities and degree of freedoms in commonly used meta-atoms restrict the design flexibility to break the conventional trade-off between polarization-insensitivity and bandwidth. Here, we propose a geometric phase-enabled novel design strategy to break this conventional trade-off. The proposed strategy ensures the realization of broad-band polarization-insensitivity through a simplified design procedure. An identical output wavefront manipulation is achieved by adjusting the phase delay freedom of geometric phase engineering under different incident polarization conditions. For proof of concept, a metahologram device is fabricated by an optimized complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible material of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). This metahologram device reproduces the required hologram with high image fidelity and efficiency under different polarization scenarios of white light incidence. Due to the simple design strategy, low computational cost, and easy fabrication, the proposed technique can be an excellent candidate for realizing polarization-insensitive metahologram devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma Javed
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ashar Naveed
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Wu M, Li G, Ye X, Zhou B, Zhou J, Cai J. Ultrasensitive Molecular Detection at Subpicomolar Concentrations by the Diffraction Pattern Imaging with Plasmonic Metasurfaces and Convex Holographic Gratings. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201682. [PMID: 35618447 PMCID: PMC9353501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compact and cost-effective optical devices for highly sensitive detection of trace molecules are significant in many applications, including healthcare, pollutant monitoring and explosive detection. Nanophotonic metasurface-based sensors have been intensively attracting attentions for molecular detection. However, conventional methods often involve spectroscopic characterizations that require bulky, expensive and sophisticated spectrometers. Here, a novel ultrasensitive sensor of plasmonic metasurfaces is designed and fabricated for the detection of trace molecules. The sensor features a convex holographic grating, of which the first-order diffraction pattern of a disposable metasurface is recorded by a monochrome camera.The diffraction pattern changes with the molecules attached to the metasurface, realizing label-free and spectrometer-free molecular detection by imaging and analyzing of the diffraction pattern. By integrating the sensor with a microfluidic setup, the quantitative characterization of rabbit anti-human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human IgG biomolecular interactions is demonstrated with an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 pm. Moreover, both the metasurface and holographic grating are obtained through vacuum-free solution-processed fabrications, minimizing the manufacturing cost of the sensor. A prototype of the imaging-based sensor, consisting of a white light-emitting diode (LED) and a consumer-level imaging sensor is achieved to demonstrate the potential for on-site detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Wu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Guohua Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Xiangyi Ye
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Jingxuan Cai
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
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39
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Naveed MA, Kim J, Ansari MA, Kim I, Massoud Y, Kim J, Oh DK, Badloe T, Lee J, Kim Y, Jeon D, Choi J, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Rho J. Single-Step Fabricable Flexible Metadisplays for Sensitive Chemical/Biomedical Packaging Security and Beyond. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31194-31202. [PMID: 35775833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secure packaging and transportation of light-sensitive chemical and biomedical test tubes are crucial for environmental protection and public health. Benefiting from the compact form factor and high efficiency of optical metasurfaces, we propose a broad-band polarization-insensitive flexible metasurface for the security of sensitive packages in the transport industry. We employ both the propagation and the geometric phase of novel TiO2 resin-based anisotropic nanoresonators to demonstrate a flexible and broad-band polarization-insensitive metasurface in the visible domain. The ultraviolet nanoimprint lithographic technique (UV-NIL) is used to fabricate high-index TiO2 nanoparticle-embedded-resin (nano-PER) structures that are patterned on a flexible substrate. This novel approach provides swift single-step fabrication without secondary fabrication steps such as deposition and etching. Moreover, replicating and transforming patterns over flexible substrates make the proposed technique highly suitable for large-throughput commercial manufacturing. As the proposed metahologram manifests high transmission efficiency in the visible domain, such flexible metaholographic platforms could find several exciting applications in bendable/curved displays, wearable devices, and holographic labeling for interactive displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashar Naveed
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Choi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Hamilton 3230, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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40
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Kim W, Yoon G, Kim J, Jeong H, Kim Y, Choi H, Badloe T, Rho J, Lee H. Thermally-curable nanocomposite printing for the scalable manufacturing of dielectric metasurfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:73. [PMID: 35800398 PMCID: PMC9253025 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces consisting of artificially designed meta-atoms have been popularized recently due to their advantages of amplitude and phase of light control. However, the electron beam lithography method for metasurface fabrication has high cost and low throughput, which results in a limitation for the fabrication of metasurfaces. In this study, nanocomposite printing technology is used to fabricate high-efficiency metasurfaces with low cost. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed fabrication method, a metahologram is designed and fabricated using a nanocomposite. The metahologram exhibits conversion efficiencies of 48% and 35% at wavelengths of 532 and 635 nm, respectively. The nanocomposite is composed of polymers with nanoparticles, so durability tests are also performed to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity on the metasurfaces. The test verifies that at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the base resin, the nanostructures do not collapse, so the efficiency of the metasurfaces remains almost the same. The surrounding humidity does not affect the nanostructures at all. Hence, the durability of the nanocomposite metasurfaces can be further enhanced by replacing the base resin, and this nanocomposite printing method will facilitate practical metasurface use at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanho Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Manufacturing Systems and Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Heonyeong Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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41
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Li D, Zhu B, Pang K, Zhang Q, Qu M, Liu W, Fu Y, Xie J. Virtual Sensor Array Based on Piezoelectric Cantilever Resonator for Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1555-1563. [PMID: 35549157 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric cantilever resonator is one of the most promising platforms for real-time sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, it has been a great challenge to eliminate the cross-sensitivity of various VOCs for these cantilever-based VOC sensors. Herein, a virtual sensor array (VSA) is proposed on the basis of a sensing layer of GO film deposited onto an AlN piezoelectric cantilever with five groups of top electrodes for identification of various VOCs. Different groups of top electrodes are applied to obtain high amplitudes of multiple resonance peaks for the cantilever, thus achieving low limits of detection (LODs) to VOCs. Frequency shifts of multiple resonant modes and changes of impedance values are taken as the responses of the proposed VSA to VOCs, and these multidimensional responses generate a unique fingerprint for each VOC. On the basis of machine learning algorithms, the proposed VSA can accurately identify different types of VOCs and mixtures with accuracies of 95.8 and 87.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the VSA has successfully been applied to identify the emissions from healthy plants and "plants with late blight" with an accuracy of 89%. The high levels of identifications show great potentials of the VSA for diagnosis of infectious plant diseases by detecting VOC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Abbas MA, Kim J, Rana AS, Kim I, Rehman B, Ahmad Z, Massoud Y, Seong J, Badloe T, Park K, Mehmood MQ, Zubair M, Rho J. Nanostructured chromium-based broadband absorbers and emitters to realize thermally stable solar thermophotovoltaic systems. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6425-6436. [PMID: 35416207 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of traditional solar cells is constrained due to the Shockley-Queisser limit, to circumvent this theoretical limit, the concept of solar thermophotovoltaics (STPVs) has been introduced. The typical design of an STPV system consists of a wideband absorber with its front side facing the sun. The back of this absorber is physically attached to the back of a selective emitter facing a low-bandgap photovoltaic (PV) cell. We demonstrate an STPV system consisting of a wideband absorber and emitter pair achieving a high absorptance of solar radiation within the range of 400-1500 nm (covering the visible and infrared regions), whereas the emitter achieves an emittance of >95% at a wavelength of 2.3 μm. This wavelength corresponds to the bandgap energy of InGaAsSb (0.54 eV), which is the targeted PV cell technology for our STPV system design. The material used for both the absorber and the emitter is chromium due to its high melting temperature of 2200 K. An absorber and emitter pair is also fabricated and the measured results are in agreement with the simulated results. The design achieves an overall solar-to-electrical simulated efficiency of 21% at a moderate temperature of 1573 K with a solar concentration of 3000 suns. Furthermore, an efficiency of 15% can be achieved at a low temperature of 873 K with a solar concentration of 500 suns. The designs are also insensitive to polarization and show negligible degradation in solar absorptance and thermal emittance with a change in the angle of incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir Abbas
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahsan Sarwar Rana
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Zubair Ahmad
- Qatar University Young Scientists Center (QUYSC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratory (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keunhan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- MicroNano Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Badloe T, Kim J, Kim I, Kim WS, Kim WS, Kim YK, Rho J. Liquid crystal-powered Mie resonators for electrically tunable photorealistic color gradients and dark blacks. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:118. [PMID: 35487908 PMCID: PMC9054757 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from beautiful colors in nature, structural colors produced from nanostructured metasurfaces have shown great promise as a platform for bright, highly saturated, and high-resolution colors. Both plasmonic and dielectric materials have been employed to produce static colors that fulfil the required criteria for high-performance color printing, however, for practical applications in dynamic situations, a form of tunability is desirable. Combinations of the additive color palette of red, green, and blue enable the expression of further colors beyond the three primary colors, while the simultaneous intensity modulation allows access to the full color gamut. Here, we demonstrate an electrically tunable metasurface that can represent saturated red, green, and blue pixels that can be dynamically and continuously controlled between on and off states using liquid crystals. We use this to experimentally realize ultrahigh-resolution color printing, active multicolor cryptographic applications, and tunable pixels toward high-performance full-color reflective displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Sung Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Reaching the highest efficiency of spin Hall effect of light in the near-infrared using all-dielectric metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2036. [PMID: 35440554 PMCID: PMC9018796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spin Hall effect of light refers to a spin-dependent transverse splitting of light at a planar interface. Previous demonstrations to enhance the splitting have suffered from exceedingly low efficiency. Achievements of the large splitting with high efficiency have been reported in the microwave, but those in the optical regime remain elusive. Here, an approach to attain the large splitting with high efficiency in the near-infrared is proposed and experimentally demonstrated at 800 nm by using a dielectric metasurface. Modulation of the complex transmission of the metasurface leads to the shifts that reach 10λ along with efficiencies over 70% under two linear polarizations. Our work extends the recent attempts to achieve the large and efficient spin Hall effect of light, which have been limited only to the microwave, to the optical regime. Here, Junsuk Rho and co-workers propose and experimentally demonstrate a metasurface supporting a large and efficient spin Hall effect of light in optical wavelength. The spin Hall shifts reaching ten wavelengths with efficiencies over 70% are observed.
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Ma W, Xu Y, Xiong B, Deng L, Peng RW, Wang M, Liu Y. Pushing the Limits of Functionality-Multiplexing Capability in Metasurface Design Based on Statistical Machine Learning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110022. [PMID: 35167138 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As 2D metamaterials, metasurfaces provide an unprecedented means to manipulate light with the ability to multiplex different functionalities in a single planar device. Currently, most pursuits of multifunctional metasurfaces resort to empirically accommodating more functionalities at the cost of increasing structural complexity, with little effort to investigate the intrinsic restrictions of given meta-atoms and thus the ultimate limits in the design. In this work, it is proposed to embed machine-learning models in both gradient-based and nongradient optimization loops for the automatic implementation of multifunctional metasurfaces. Fundamentally different from the traditional two-step approach that separates phase retrieval and meta-atom structural design, the proposed end-to-end framework facilitates full exploitation of the prescribed design space and pushes the multifunctional design capacity to its physical limit. With a single-layer structure that can be readily fabricated, metasurface focusing lenses and holograms are experimentally demonstrated in the near-infrared region. They show up to eight controllable responses subjected to different combinations of working frequencies and linear polarization states, which are unachievable by the conventional physics-guided approaches. These results manifest the superior capability of the data-driven scheme for photonic design, and will accelerate the development of complex devices and systems for optical display, communication, and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ru-Wen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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46
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Qu R, Li G. Overview of Liquid Crystal Biosensors: From Basic Theory to Advanced Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:205. [PMID: 35448265 PMCID: PMC9032088 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as the remarkable optical materials possessing stimuli-responsive property and optical modulation property simultaneously, have been utilized to fabricate a wide variety of optical devices. Integrating the LCs and receptors together, LC biosensors aimed at detecting various biomolecules have been extensively explored. Compared with the traditional biosensing technologies, the LC biosensors are simple, visualized, and efficient. Owning to the irreplaceable superiorities, the research enthusiasm for the LC biosensors is rapidly rising. As a result, it is necessary to overview the development of the LC biosensors to guide future work. This article reviews the basic theory and advanced applications of LC biosensors. We first discuss different mesophases and geometries employed to fabricate LC biosensors, after which we introduce various detecting mechanisms involved in biomolecular detection. We then focus on diverse detection targets such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. For each of these targets, the development history and state-of-the-art work are exhibited in detail. Finally, the current challenges and potential development directions of the LC biosensors are introduced briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Qu
- Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Kim G, Kim S, Kim H, Lee J, Badloe T, Rho J. Metasurface-empowered spectral and spatial light modulation for disruptive holographic displays. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4380-4410. [PMID: 35266481 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The holographic display, one of the most realistic ways to reconstruct optical images in three-dimensional (3D) space, has gained a lot of attention as a next-generation display platform for providing deeper immersive experiences to users. So far, diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been used to generate holographic images by modulating electromagnetic waves at each pixel. However, such architectures suffer from limitations in terms of having a resolution of only a few microns and the bulkiness of the entire optical system. In this review, we describe novel metasurfaces-based nanophotonic platforms that have shown exceptional control of electromagnetic waves at the subwavelength scale as promising candidates to overcome existing restrictions, while realizing flat optical devices. After introducing the fundamentals of metasurfaces in terms of spatial and spectral wavefront modulation, we present a variety of multiplexing approaches for high-capacity and full-color metaholograms exploiting the multiple properties of light as an information carrier. We then review tunable metaholograms using active materials modulated by several external stimuli. Afterward, we discuss the integration of metasurfaces with other optical elements required for future 3D display platforms in augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) displays such as lenses, beam splitters, diffusers, and eye-tracking sensors. Finally, we address the challenges of conventional nanofabrication methods and introduce scalable preparation techniques that can be applied to metasurface-based nanophotonic technologies towards commercially and ergonomically viable future holographic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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48
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Jung C, Kim SJ, Jang J, Ko JH, Kim D, Ko B, Song YM, Hong SH, Rho J. Disordered-nanoparticle-based etalon for ultrafast humidity-responsive colorimetric sensors and anti-counterfeiting displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8598. [PMID: 35275712 PMCID: PMC8916721 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of real-time and sensitive humidity sensors is in great demand from smart home automation and modern public health. We hereby proposed an ultrafast and full-color colorimetric humidity sensor that consists of chitosan hydrogel sandwiched by a disordered metal nanoparticle layer and reflecting substrate. This hydrogel-based resonator changes its resonant frequency to external humidity conditions because the chitosan hydrogels are swollen under wet state and contracted under dry state. The response time of the sensor is ~104 faster than that of the conventional Fabry-Pérot design. The origins of fast gas permeation are membrane pores created by gaps between the metal nanoparticles. Such instantaneous and tunable response of a new hydrogel resonator is then exploited for colorimetric sensors, anti-counterfeiting applications, and high-resolution displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Doa Kim
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (S.-H.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (S.-H.H.); (J.R.)
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49
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Kim Y, Kim H, Yang Y, Badloe T, Jeon N, Rho J. Three-dimensional artificial chirality towards low-cost and ultra-sensitive enantioselective sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3720-3730. [PMID: 35230363 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial chiral structures have potential applications in the field of enantioselective signal sensing. Advanced nanofabrication methods enable a large diversity in geometric structures and broad selectivity of materials, which can be exploited to manufacture artificial three-dimensional chiral structures. Various chiroptical phenomena exploiting spin and orbital angular momentum at the nanoscale have been continuously exploited as a way to effectively detect enantiomers. This review introduces precisely controlled bottom-up and large-area top-down metamaterial fabrication methods to solve the limitations of high manufacturing cost and low production speed. Particle synthesis, self-assembly, glanced angled vapor deposition, and three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructure printing are introduced. Furthermore, emerging sensitive chiral sensing methods such as cavity-enhanced chirality, photothermal circular dichroism, and helical dichroism of single particles are discussed. The continuous progress of nanofabrication technology presents the strong potential for developing artificial chiral structures for applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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50
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Qu J, Luo H, Yu C. Dual-Wavelength Polarization-Dependent Bifocal Metalens for Achromatic Optical Imaging Based on Holographic Principle. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051889. [PMID: 35271036 PMCID: PMC8915052 DOI: 10.3390/s22051889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ultrathin metalenses have attracted dramatically growing interest in optical imaging systems due to the flexible control of light at the nanoscale. In this paper, we propose a dual-wavelength achromatic metalens that will generate one or two foci according to the polarization of the incident. Based on geometric phase modulation, two unit cells are attentively selected for efficient operation at distinct wavelengths. By patterning them to two divided sections of the metalens structure plane, the dual-wavelength achromatic focusing effect with the same focal length is realized. In addition, the holographic concept is adopted for polarization-dependent bifocal generation, in which the objective wave is originated from two foci that are respectively formed by two orthogonal polarization states of circularly polarized light, namely Left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) light and Right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) light. The incident light is considered as the reference light. The achromatic focusing and polarization-dependent bifocusing are numerically verified through simulations. The proposed design opens the path for the combination of multi-wavelength imaging and chiral imaging, which may find potential applications, such as achromatic optical devices and polarization-controlled biomedical molecular imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Qu
- The Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Huaijian Luo
- The Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Changyuan Yu
- The Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Q.); (H.L.)
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence:
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