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Zubair A, Bibi B, Habib F, Sujan A, Ali M. Clinical trials and recent progress in HIV vaccine development. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 39192058 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The greatest obstacle for scientists is to develop an effective HIV vaccine. An effective vaccine represents the last hope for halting the unstoppable global spread of HIV and its catastrophic clinical consequences. Creating this vaccine has been challenging due to the virus's extensive genetic variability and the unique role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in containing it. Innovative methods to stimulate CTL have demonstrated significant therapeutic advantages in nonhuman primate model systems, unlike traditional vaccination techniques that are not expected to provide safe and efficient protection against HIV. Human clinical trials are currently evaluating these vaccination strategies, which involve plasmid DNA and live recombinant vectors. This review article covers the existing vaccines and ongoing trial vaccines. It also explores the different approaches used in developing HIV vaccines, including their molecular mechanisms, target site effectiveness, and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal Zubair
- Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i, Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i, Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Habib
- Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i, Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
| | - Arooba Sujan
- Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i, Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i, Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan.
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2
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D'Angelo AB, Dearolf MH, MacMartin J, Elder M, Nash D, Golub SA, Grov C. Gay and Bisexual Men's Perceptions about a Potential HIV Vaccine within a Post-COVID-19 Era: A Qualitative Study. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04450-8. [PMID: 39122906 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
To end the HIV epidemic, there is need for targeted strategies to reduce HIV incidence for those most vulnerable, including an HIV vaccine. This study seeks to understand the perceptions that non-PrEP using gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have about a potential HIV vaccine, while contextualizing their perspectives within the context of heightened vaccine hesitancy that has emerged since the COVID-19 pandemic. Between March and May of 2022, GBMSM (N = 20) participated in in-depth interviews, which assessed their perceptions about an HIV vaccine. Interviews were analysed using a codebook approach to thematic analysis. We oversampled for those unvaccinated against COVID-19 as a proxy for vaccine hesitation. Participants expressed a range of enthusiastic support, cautious optimism and skepticism when presented with the possibility of an HIV vaccine. Factors that drove willingness to receive an HIV vaccine included community-oriented altruism, individualized risk-benefit assessment, and/or the perception that a vaccine could provide a beneficial shift in sexual experiences. Participants also expressed hesitations about receiving an HIV vaccine, including concerns about potential side-effects and efficacy, as well as mistrust in the vaccine development process. Notably, participants often evaluated the vaccine in comparison to PrEP and condoms. Participants offered specific insights into information they would like to receive about an HIV and where/how they would like to receive it. Our findings can help inform future HIV vaccine implementation efforts by offering insights into the factors that motivate and deter GBMSM to receive an HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa B D'Angelo
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle H Dearolf
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer MacMartin
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathew Elder
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Nash
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarit A Golub
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Grov
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA.
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), New York, NY, USA.
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W. 125th St., 7th Floor mailroom, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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3
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Ahmed S, Herschhorn A. mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0004124. [PMID: 39016564 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00041-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe success of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines to lessen/prevent severe COVID-19 opened new opportunities to develop RNA vaccines to fight other infectious agents. HIV-1 is a lentivirus that integrates into the host cell genome and persists for the lifetime of infected cells. Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion have posed significant obstacles to the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine over the last four decades since the identification of HIV-1. Recently, attempts to address some of these challenges have led to multiple studies that manufactured, optimized, and tested, in different animal models, mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines. Several clinical trials have also been initiated or are planned to start soon. Here, we review the current strategies applied to HIV-1 mRNA vaccines, discuss different targeting approaches, summarize the latest findings, and offer insights into the challenges and future of HIV-1 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Becerra JC, Hitchcock L, Vu K, Gach JS. Neutralizing the threat: harnessing broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 for treatment and prevention. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:207-220. [PMID: 38975023 PMCID: PMC11224682 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.07.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) have played a crucial role in elucidating and characterizing neutralization-sensitive sites on the HIV-1 envelope spike and in informing vaccine development. Continual advancements in identifying more potent bnAbs, along with their capacity to trigger antibody-mediated effector functions, coupled with modifications to extend their half-life, position them as promising candidates for both HIV-1 treatment and prevention. While current pharmacological interventions have made significant progress in managing HIV-1 infection and enhancing quality of life, no definitive cure or vaccines have been developed thus far. Standard treatments involve daily oral anti-retroviral therapy, which, despite its efficacy, can lead to notable long-term side effects. Recent clinical trial data have demonstrated encouraging therapeutic and preventive potential for bnAb therapies in both HIV-1-infected individuals and those without the infection. This review provides an overview of the advancements in HIV-1-specific bnAbs and discusses the insights gathered from recent clinical trials regarding their application in treating and preventing HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Becerra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of CaliforniaCA, Irvine, Irvine, 92697USA
| | - Lauren Hitchcock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of CaliforniaCA, Irvine, Irvine, 92697USA
| | - Khoa Vu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of CaliforniaCA, Irvine, Irvine, 92697USA
| | - Johannes S Gach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of CaliforniaCA, Irvine, Irvine, 92697USA
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5
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Buckley M, Araínga M, Maiorino L, Pires IS, Kim BJ, Michaels KK, Dye J, Qureshi K, Zhang Y, Mak H, Steichen JM, Schief WR, Villinger F, Irvine DJ. Visualizing lipid nanoparticle trafficking for mRNA vaccine delivery in non-human primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600088. [PMID: 38979236 PMCID: PMC11230287 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
mRNA delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) has become an important subunit vaccine modality, but mechanisms of action for mRNA vaccines remain incompletely understood. Here, we synthesized a metal chelator-lipid conjugate enabling positron emission tomography (PET) tracer labeling of LNP/mRNA vaccines for quantitative visualization of vaccine trafficking in live non-human primates (NHPs). Following i.m. injection, we observed LNPs distributing through injected muscle tissue, simultaneous with rapid trafficking to draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Deltoid injection of LNPs mimicking human vaccine administration led to stochastic LNP delivery to 3 different sets of dLNs. LNP uptake in dLNs was confirmed by histology, and cellular analysis of tissues via flow cytometry identified antigen-presenting cells as the primary cell type responsible for early LNP uptake and mRNA translation. These results provide insights into the biodistribution of mRNA vaccines administered at clinically relevant doses, injection volumes, and injection sites in an important large animal model for vaccine development.
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Mahomed S. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV prevention: a comprehensive review and future perspectives. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0015222. [PMID: 38687039 PMCID: PMC11324036 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00152-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic remains a formidable global health concern, with 39 million people living with the virus and 1.3 million new infections reported in 2022. Despite anti-retroviral therapy's effectiveness in pre-exposure prophylaxis, its global adoption is limited. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer an alternative strategy for HIV prevention through passive immunization. Historically, passive immunization has been efficacious in the treatment of various diseases ranging from oncology to infectious diseases. Early clinical trials suggest bNAbs are safe, tolerable, and capable of reducing HIV RNA levels. Although challenges such as bNAb resistance have been noted in phase I trials, ongoing research aims to assess the additive or synergistic benefits of combining multiple bNAbs. Researchers are exploring bispecific and trispecific antibodies, and fragment crystallizable region modifications to augment antibody efficacy and half-life. Moreover, the potential of other antibody isotypes like IgG3 and IgA is under investigation. While promising, the application of bNAbs faces economic and logistical barriers. High manufacturing costs, particularly in resource-limited settings, and logistical challenges like cold-chain requirements pose obstacles. Preliminary studies suggest cost-effectiveness, although this is contingent on various factors like efficacy and distribution. Technological advancements and strategic partnerships may mitigate some challenges, but issues like molecular aggregation remain. The World Health Organization has provided preferred product characteristics for bNAbs, focusing on optimizing their efficacy, safety, and accessibility. The integration of bNAbs in HIV prophylaxis necessitates a multi-faceted approach, considering economic, logistical, and scientific variables. This review comprehensively covers the historical context, current advancements, and future avenues of bNAbs in HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharana Mahomed
- Centre for the AIDS
Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical
Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
South Africa
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7
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Roark RS, Habib R, Gorman J, Li H, Connell AJ, Bonsignori M, Guo Y, Hogarty MP, Olia AS, Sowers K, Zhang B, Bibollet-Ruche F, Callaghan S, Carey JW, Cerutti G, Harris DR, He W, Lewis E, Liu T, Mason RD, Park Y, Rando JM, Singh A, Wolff J, Lei QP, Louder MK, Doria-Rose NA, Andrabi R, Saunders KO, Seaman MS, Haynes BF, Kulp DW, Mascola JR, Roederer M, Sheng Z, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Kwong PD, Shapiro L. HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in SHIV-infected macaques recapitulate structurally divergent modes of human V2 apex recognition with a single D gene. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598384. [PMID: 38903070 PMCID: PMC11188099 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the V2 apex of the HIV-1 envelope trimer are among the most common specificities elicited in HIV-1-infected humans and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected macaques. To gain insight into the prevalent induction of these antibodies, we isolated and characterized 11 V2 apex-directed neutralizing antibody lineages from SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. Remarkably, all SHIV-induced V2 apex lineages were derived from reading frame two of the rhesus DH3-15*01 gene. Cryo-EM structures of envelope trimers in complex with antibodies from nine rhesus lineages revealed modes of recognition that mimicked three canonical human V2 apex-recognition modes. Notably, amino acids encoded by DH3-15*01 played divergent structural roles, inserting into a hole at the trimer apex, H-bonding to an exposed strand, or forming part of a loop scaffold. Overall, we identify a DH3-15*01-signature for rhesus V2 apex broadly neutralizing antibodies and show that highly selected genetic elements can play multiple roles in antigen recognition. Highlights Isolated 11 V2 apex-targeted HIV-neutralizing lineages from 10 SHIV-infected Indian-origin rhesus macaquesCryo-EM structures of Fab-Env complexes for nine rhesus lineages reveal modes of recognition that mimic three modes of human V2 apex antibody recognitionAll SHIV-elicited V2 apex lineages, including two others previously published, derive from the same DH3-15*01 gene utilizing reading frame twoThe DH3-15*01 gene in reading frame two provides a necessary, but not sufficient, signature for V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing antibodiesStructural roles played by DH3-15*01-encoded amino acids differed substantially in different lineages, even for those with the same recognition modePropose that the anionic, aromatic, and extended character of DH3-15*01 in reading frame two provides a selective advantage for V2 apex recognition compared to B cells derived from other D genes in the naïve rhesus repertoireDemonstrate that highly selected genetic elements can play multiple roles in antigen recognition, providing a structural means to enhance recognition diversity.
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8
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Moyo-Gwete T, Ayres F, Mzindle NB, Makhado Z, Manamela NP, Richardson SI, Kitchin D, van Graan S, van Heerden J, Parbhoo N, Chege GK, Moore PL. Evaluating the antibody response elicited by diverse HIV envelope immunogens in the African green monkey (Vervet) model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13311. [PMID: 38858452 PMCID: PMC11164991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African Green (Vervet) monkeys have been extensively studied to understand the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Using vervet monkeys as pre-clinical models may be an attractive option for low-resourced areas as they are found abundantly and their maintenance is more cost-effective than bigger primates such as rhesus macaques. We assessed the feasibility of using vervet monkeys as animal models to examine the immunogenicity of HIV envelope trimer immunogens in pre-clinical testing. Three groups of vervet monkeys were subcutaneously immunized with either the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer, a novel subtype C SOSIP.664 trimer, CAP255, or a combination of BG505, CAP255 and CAP256.SU SOSIP.664 trimers. All groups of vervet monkeys developed robust binding antibodies by the second immunization with the peak antibody response occurring after the third immunization. Similar to binding, antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis was also observed in all the monkeys. While all animals developed potent, heterologous Tier 1 neutralizing antibody responses, autologous neutralization was limited with only half of the animals in each group developing responses to their vaccine-matched pseudovirus. These data suggest that the vervet monkey model may yield distinct antibody responses compared to other models. Further study is required to further determine the utility of this model in HIV immunization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Frances Ayres
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko B Mzindle
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nelia P Manamela
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simone I Richardson
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dale Kitchin
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joritha van Heerden
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, Centre and Platform Office, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nishal Parbhoo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerald K Chege
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, Centre and Platform Office, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute or Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
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9
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Tang D, Gueto-Tettay C, Hjortswang E, Ströbaek J, Ekström S, Happonen L, Malmström L, Malmström J. Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Identifies a Conserved Protective Epitope in S. pyogenes Streptolysin O. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9060-9068. [PMID: 38701337 PMCID: PMC11154737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
An important element of antibody-guided vaccine design is the use of neutralizing or opsonic monoclonal antibodies to define protective epitopes in their native three-dimensional conformation. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal mass spectrometry-based strategy for in-depth characterization of antigen-antibody complexes to enable the identification of protective epitopes using the cytolytic exotoxin Streptolysin O (SLO) from Streptococcus pyogenes as a showcase. We first discovered a monoclonal antibody with an undisclosed sequence capable of neutralizing SLO-mediated cytolysis. The amino acid sequence of both the antibody light and the heavy chain was determined using mass-spectrometry-based de novo sequencing, followed by chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry to generate distance constraints between the antibody fragment antigen-binding region and SLO. Subsequent integrative computational modeling revealed a discontinuous epitope located in domain 3 of SLO that was experimentally validated by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and reverse engineering of the targeted epitope. The results show that the antibody inhibits SLO-mediated cytolysis by binding to a discontinuous epitope in domain 3, likely preventing oligomerization and subsequent secondary structure transitions critical for pore-formation. The epitope is highly conserved across >98% of the characterized S. pyogenes isolates, making it an attractive target for antibody-based therapy and vaccine design against severe streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tang
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlos Gueto-Tettay
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Hjortswang
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joel Ströbaek
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- SciLifeLab,
Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Structural Proteomics Unit
Sweden, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222
42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Malmström
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Schiffner T, Phung I, Ray R, Irimia A, Tian M, Swanson O, Lee JH, Lee CCD, Marina-Zárate E, Cho SY, Huang J, Ozorowski G, Skog PD, Serra AM, Rantalainen K, Allen JD, Baboo S, Rodriguez OL, Himansu S, Zhou J, Hurtado J, Flynn CT, McKenney K, Havenar-Daughton C, Saha S, Shields K, Schultze S, Smith ML, Liang CH, Toy L, Pecetta S, Lin YC, Willis JR, Sesterhenn F, Kulp DW, Hu X, Cottrell CA, Zhou X, Ruiz J, Wang X, Nair U, Kirsch KH, Cheng HL, Davis J, Kalyuzhniy O, Liguori A, Diedrich JK, Ngo JT, Lewis V, Phelps N, Tingle RD, Spencer S, Georgeson E, Adachi Y, Kubitz M, Eskandarzadeh S, Elsliger MA, Amara RR, Landais E, Briney B, Burton DR, Carnathan DG, Silvestri G, Watson CT, Yates JR, Paulson JC, Crispin M, Grigoryan G, Ward AB, Sok D, Alt FW, Wilson IA, Batista FD, Crotty S, Schief WR. Vaccination induces broadly neutralizing antibody precursors to HIV gp41. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1073-1082. [PMID: 38816615 PMCID: PMC11147780 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A key barrier to the development of vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses of high antigenic diversity is the design of priming immunogens that induce rare bnAb-precursor B cells. The high neutralization breadth of the HIV bnAb 10E8 makes elicitation of 10E8-class bnAbs desirable; however, the recessed epitope within gp41 makes envelope trimers poor priming immunogens and requires that 10E8-class bnAbs possess a long heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) with a specific binding motif. We developed germline-targeting epitope scaffolds with affinity for 10E8-class precursors and engineered nanoparticles for multivalent display. Scaffolds exhibited epitope structural mimicry and bound bnAb-precursor human naive B cells in ex vivo screens, protein nanoparticles induced bnAb-precursor responses in stringent mouse models and rhesus macaques, and mRNA-encoded nanoparticles triggered similar responses in mice. Thus, germline-targeting epitope scaffold nanoparticles can elicit rare bnAb-precursor B cells with predefined binding specificities and HCDR3 features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivy Phung
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Ray
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Irimia
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Swanson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Chun D Lee
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ester Marina-Zárate
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - So Yeon Cho
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiachen Huang
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick D Skog
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andreia M Serra
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oscar L Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Jianfu Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan Hurtado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia T Flynn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine McKenney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Colin Havenar-Daughton
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Swati Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Shields
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven Schultze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chi-Hui Liang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Toy
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone Pecetta
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fabian Sesterhenn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xuesong Wang
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hwei-Ling Cheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia T Ngo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vanessa Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan D Tingle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Skye Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marc A Elsliger
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elise Landais
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Multi-omics Vaccine Evaluation Consortium, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego Center for AIDS Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gevorg Grigoryan
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
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11
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Ray R, Schiffner T, Wang X, Yan Y, Rantalainen K, Lee CCD, Parikh S, Reyes RA, Dale GA, Lin YC, Pecetta S, Giguere S, Swanson O, Kratochvil S, Melzi E, Phung I, Madungwe L, Kalyuzhniy O, Warner J, Weldon SR, Tingle R, Lamperti E, Kirsch KH, Phelps N, Georgeson E, Adachi Y, Kubitz M, Nair U, Crotty S, Wilson IA, Schief WR, Batista FD. Affinity gaps among B cells in germinal centers drive the selection of MPER precursors. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1083-1096. [PMID: 38816616 PMCID: PMC11147770 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Current prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccine research aims to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Membrane-proximal external region (MPER)-targeting bnAbs, such as 10E8, provide exceptionally broad neutralization, but some are autoreactive. Here, we generated humanized B cell antigen receptor knock-in mouse models to test whether a series of germline-targeting immunogens could drive MPER-specific precursors toward bnAbs. We found that recruitment of 10E8 precursors to germinal centers (GCs) required a minimum affinity for germline-targeting immunogens, but the GC residency of MPER precursors was brief due to displacement by higher-affinity endogenous B cell competitors. Higher-affinity germline-targeting immunogens extended the GC residency of MPER precursors, but robust long-term GC residency and maturation were only observed for MPER-HuGL18, an MPER precursor clonotype able to close the affinity gap with endogenous B cell competitors in the GC. Thus, germline-targeting immunogens could induce MPER-targeting antibodies, and B cell residency in the GC may be regulated by a precursor-competitor affinity gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ray
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xuesong Wang
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimmo Rantalainen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Chun David Lee
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shivang Parikh
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raphael A Reyes
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gordon A Dale
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Pecetta
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Giguere
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Swanson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Melzi
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivy Phung
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Madungwe
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Warner
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie R Weldon
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Tingle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Lamperti
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William R Schief
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Cottrell CA, Hu X, Lee JH, Skog P, Luo S, Flynn CT, McKenney KR, Hurtado J, Kalyuzhniy O, Liguori A, Willis JR, Landais E, Raemisch S, Chen X, Baboo S, Himansu S, Diedrich JK, Duan H, Cheng C, Schiffner T, Bader DLV, Kulp DW, Tingle R, Georgeson E, Eskandarzadeh S, Alavi N, Lu D, Sincomb T, Kubitz M, Mullen TM, Yates JR, Paulson JC, Mascola JR, Alt FW, Briney B, Sok D, Schief WR. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination drives early maturation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humanized mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadn0223. [PMID: 38753806 PMCID: PMC11233128 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adn0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A protective HIV vaccine will likely need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Vaccination with the germline-targeting immunogen eOD-GT8 60mer adjuvanted with AS01B was found to induce VRC01-class bnAb precursors in 97% of vaccine recipients in the IAVI G001 phase 1 clinical trial; however, heterologous boost immunizations with antigens more similar to the native glycoprotein will be required to induce bnAbs. Therefore, we designed core-g28v2 60mer, a nanoparticle immunogen to be used as a first boost after eOD-GT8 60mer priming. We found, using a humanized mouse model approximating human conditions of VRC01-class precursor B cell diversity, affinity, and frequency, that both protein- and mRNA-based heterologous prime-boost regimens induced VRC01-class antibodies that gained key mutations and bound to near-native HIV envelope trimers lacking the N276 glycan. We further showed that VRC01-class antibodies induced by mRNA-based regimens could neutralize pseudoviruses lacking the N276 glycan. These results demonstrated that heterologous boosting can drive maturation toward VRC01-class bnAb development and supported the initiation of the IAVI G002 phase 1 trial testing mRNA-encoded nanoparticle prime-boost regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Patrick Skog
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sai Luo
- HHMI, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claudia T Flynn
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine R McKenney
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan Hurtado
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elise Landais
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sebastian Raemisch
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel L V Bader
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Tingle
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nushin Alavi
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Danny Lu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Troy Sincomb
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- HHMI, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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13
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Steichen JM, Phung I, Salcedo E, Ozorowski G, Willis JR, Baboo S, Liguori A, Cottrell CA, Torres JL, Madden PJ, Ma KM, Sutton HJ, Lee JH, Kalyuzhniy O, Allen JD, Rodriguez OL, Adachi Y, Mullen TM, Georgeson E, Kubitz M, Burns A, Barman S, Mopuri R, Metz A, Altheide TK, Diedrich JK, Saha S, Shields K, Schultze SE, Smith ML, Schiffner T, Burton DR, Watson CT, Bosinger SE, Crispin M, Yates JR, Paulson JC, Ward AB, Sok D, Crotty S, Schief WR. Vaccine priming of rare HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in nonhuman primates. Science 2024; 384:eadj8321. [PMID: 38753769 PMCID: PMC11309785 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Germline-targeting immunogens hold promise for initiating the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to HIV and other pathogens. However, antibody-antigen recognition is typically dominated by heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) interactions, and vaccine priming of HCDR3-dominant bnAbs by germline-targeting immunogens has not been demonstrated in humans or outbred animals. In this work, immunization with N332-GT5, an HIV envelope trimer designed to target precursors of the HCDR3-dominant bnAb BG18, primed bnAb-precursor B cells in eight of eight rhesus macaques to substantial frequencies and with diverse lineages in germinal center and memory B cells. We confirmed bnAb-mimicking, HCDR3-dominant, trimer-binding interactions with cryo-electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate proof of principle for HCDR3-dominant bnAb-precursor priming in outbred animals and suggest that N332-GT5 holds promise for the induction of similar responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Steichen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ivy Phung
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eugenia Salcedo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jordan R. Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Torres
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Patrick J. Madden
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krystal M. Ma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Henry J. Sutton
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joel D. Allen
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Oscar L. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alison Burns
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shawn Barman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rohini Mopuri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Amanda Metz
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tasha K. Altheide
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K. Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Swati Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Shields
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Steven E. Schultze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Melissa L. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Corey T. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - John R. Yates
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla; CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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14
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Xie Z, Lin YC, Steichen JM, Ozorowski G, Kratochvil S, Ray R, Torres JL, Liguori A, Kalyuzhniy O, Wang X, Warner JE, Weldon SR, Dale GA, Kirsch KH, Nair U, Baboo S, Georgeson E, Adachi Y, Kubitz M, Jackson AM, Richey ST, Volk RM, Lee JH, Diedrich JK, Prum T, Falcone S, Himansu S, Carfi A, Yates JR, Paulson JC, Sok D, Ward AB, Schief WR, Batista FD. mRNA-LNP HIV-1 trimer boosters elicit precursors to broad neutralizing antibodies. Science 2024; 384:eadk0582. [PMID: 38753770 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Germline-targeting (GT) HIV vaccine strategies are predicated on deriving broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) through multiple boost immunogens. However, as the recruitment of memory B cells (MBCs) to germinal centers (GCs) is inefficient and may be derailed by serum antibody-induced epitope masking, driving further B cell receptor (BCR) modification in GC-experienced B cells after boosting poses a challenge. Using humanized immunoglobulin knockin mice, we found that GT protein trimer immunogen N332-GT5 could prime inferred-germline precursors to the V3-glycan-targeted bnAb BG18 and that B cells primed by N332-GT5 were effectively boosted by either of two novel protein immunogens designed to have minimum cross-reactivity with the off-target V1-binding responses. The delivery of the prime and boost immunogens as messenger RNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) generated long-lasting GCs, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation and may be an effective tool in HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Xie
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rashmi Ray
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xuesong Wang
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John E Warner
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie R Weldon
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordon A Dale
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abigail M Jackson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara T Richey
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reid M Volk
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thavaleak Prum
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Sanders RW, Moore JP. Progress on priming HIV-1 immunity. Science 2024; 384:738-739. [PMID: 38753801 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Four new studies inform on the multistep path to generate broadly active HIV-1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Wang X, Cottrell CA, Hu X, Ray R, Bottermann M, Villavicencio PM, Yan Y, Xie Z, Warner JE, Ellis-Pugh JR, Kalyuzhniy O, Liguori A, Willis JR, Menis S, Rämisch S, Eskandarzadeh S, Kubitz M, Tingle R, Phelps N, Groschel B, Himansu S, Carfi A, Kirsch KH, Weldon SR, Nair U, Schief WR, Batista FD. mRNA-LNP prime boost evolves precursors toward VRC01-like broadly neutralizing antibodies in preclinical humanized mouse models. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadn0622. [PMID: 38753808 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adn0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Germline-targeting (GT) protein immunogens to induce VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to the CD4-binding site of the HIV envelope (Env) have shown promise in clinical trials. Here, we preclinically validated a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding eOD-GT8 60mer as a soluble self-assembling nanoparticle in mouse models. In a model with three humanized B cell lineages bearing distinct VRC01-precursor B cell receptors (BCRs) with similar affinities for eOD-GT8, all lineages could be simultaneously primed and undergo diversification and affinity maturation without exclusionary competition. Boosts drove precursor B cell participation in germinal centers; the accumulation of somatic hypermutations, including in key VRC01-class positions; and affinity maturation to boost and native-like antigens in two of the three precursor lineages. We have preclinically validated a prime-boost regimen of soluble self-assembling nanoparticles encoded by mRNA-LNP, demonstrating that multiple lineages can be primed, boosted, and diversified along the bnAb pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rashmi Ray
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria Bottermann
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yu Yan
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenfei Xie
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John E Warner
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sebastian Rämisch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Tingle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie R Weldon
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Facundo D Batista
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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17
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Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Stalls V, Cain DW, Venkatayogi S, Martin Beem JS, Berry M, Evangelous T, Henderson R, Hora B, Xia SM, Jiang C, Newman A, Bowman C, Lu X, Bryan ME, Bal J, Sanzone A, Chen H, Eaton A, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Tam YK, Barbosa C, Bonsignori M, Muramatsu H, Alam SM, Montefiori DC, Williams WB, Pardi N, Tian M, Weissman D, Alt FW, Acharya P, Haynes BF. Mutation-guided vaccine design: A process for developing boosting immunogens for HIV broadly neutralizing antibody induction. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:693-709.e7. [PMID: 38670093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Although success has been achieved in initiating bnAb B cell lineages, design of boosting immunogens that select for bnAb B cell receptors with improbable mutations required for bnAb affinity maturation remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate a process for designing boosting immunogens for a V3-glycan bnAb B cell lineage. The immunogens induced affinity-matured antibodies by selecting for functional improbable mutations in bnAb precursor knockin mice. Moreover, we show similar success in prime and boosting with nucleoside-modified mRNA-encoded HIV-1 envelope trimer immunogens, with improved selection by mRNA immunogens of improbable mutations required for bnAb binding to key envelope glycans. These results demonstrate the ability of both protein and mRNA prime-boost immunogens for selection of rare B cell lineage intermediates with neutralizing breadth after bnAb precursor expansion, a key proof of concept and milestone toward development of an HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Integrative Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua S Martin Beem
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shi-Mao Xia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chuancang Jiang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Bowman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mary E Bryan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joena Bal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aja Sanzone
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark A Tomai
- Corporate Research Materials Lab, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Translational Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Integrative Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Integrative Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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18
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Erdmann NB, Williams WB, Walsh SR, Grunenberg N, Edlefsen PT, Goepfert PA, Cain DW, Cohen KW, Maenza J, Mayer KH, Tieu HV, Sobieszczyk ME, Swann E, Lu H, De Rosa SC, Sagawa Z, Moody MA, Fox CB, Ferrari G, Edwards R, Acharya P, Alam S, Parks R, Barr M, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Corey L, Haynes BF, Baden LR. A HIV-1 Gp41 Peptide-Liposome Vaccine Elicits Neutralizing Epitope-Targeted Antibody Responses in Healthy Individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.15.24304305. [PMID: 38562833 PMCID: PMC10984077 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.24304305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background HIV-1 vaccine development is a global health priority. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) which target the HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) have some of the highest neutralization breadth. An MPER peptide-liposome vaccine has been found to expand bnAb precursors in monkeys. Methods The HVTN133 phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03934541) studied the MPER-peptide liposome immunogen in 24 HIV-1 seronegative individuals. Participants were recruited between 15 July 2019 and 18 October 2019 and were randomized in a dose-escalation design to either 500 mcg or 2000 mcg of the MPER-peptide liposome or placebo. Four intramuscular injections were planned at months 0, 2, 6, and 12. Results The trial was stopped prematurely due to an anaphylaxis reaction in one participant ultimately attributed to vaccine-associated polyethylene glycol. The immunogen induced robust immune responses, including MPER+ serum and blood CD4+ T-cell responses in 95% and 100% of vaccinees, respectively, and 35% (7/20) of vaccine recipients had blood IgG memory B cells with MPER-bnAb binding phenotype. Affinity purification of plasma MPER+ IgG demonstrated tier 2 HIV-1 neutralizing activity in two of five participants after 3 immunizations. Conclusions MPER-peptide liposomes induced gp41 serum neutralizing epitope-targeted antibodies and memory B-cell responses in humans despite the early termination of the study. These results suggest that the MPER region is a promising target for a candidate HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilton B. Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Stephen R. Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Derek W. Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Hong Van Tieu
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY
- Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Edith Swann
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Bethesda, MD
| | - Huiyin Lu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - R.J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - S.Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Margaret Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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19
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Brown S, Antanasijevic A, Sewall LM, Garcia DM, Brouwer PJM, Sanders RW, Ward AB. Anti-Immune Complex Antibodies are Elicited During Repeated Immunization with HIV Env Immunogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585257. [PMID: 38559180 PMCID: PMC10979980 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination strategies against HIV-1 aim to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) using prime-boost regimens with HIV envelope (Env) immunogens. Early antibody responses to easily accessible epitopes on these antigens are directed to non-neutralizing epitopes instead of bnAb epitopes. Autologous neutralizing antibody responses appear upon boosting once immunodominant epitopes are saturated. Here we report another type of antibody response that arises after repeated immunizations with HIV Env immunogens and present the structures of six anti-immune complexes discovered using polyclonal epitope mapping. The anti-immune complex antibodies target idiotopes composed of framework regions of antibodies bound to Env. This work sheds light on current vaccine development efforts for HIV, as well as for other pathogens, in which repeated exposure to antigen is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharidan Brown
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Leigh M. Sewall
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Montiel Garcia
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philip J. M. Brouwer
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research; La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Kim S, Kigozi G, Martin MA, Galiwango RM, Quinn TC, Redd AD, Ssekubugu R, Bonsall D, Ssemwanga D, Rambaut A, Herbeck JT, Reynolds SJ, Foley B, Abeler-Dörner L, Fraser C, Ratmann O, Kagaayi J, Laeyendecker O, Grabowski MK. Increasing intra- and inter-subtype HIV diversity despite declining HIV incidence in Uganda. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.14.24303990. [PMID: 38558994 PMCID: PMC10980117 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.24303990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
HIV incidence has been declining in Africa with scale-up of HIV interventions. However, there is limited data on HIV evolutionary trends in African populations with waning epidemics. We evaluated changes in HIV viral diversity and genetic divergence in southern Uganda over a twenty-five-year period spanning the introduction and scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment programs using HIV sequence and survey data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open longitudinal population-based HIV surveillance cohort. Gag (p24) and env (gp41) HIV data were generated from persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in 31 inland semi-urban trading and agrarian communities (1994 to 2018) and four hyperendemic Lake Victoria fishing communities (2011 to 2018) under continuous surveillance. HIV subtype was assigned using the Recombination Identification Program with phylogenetic confirmation. Inter-subtype diversity was estimated using the Shannon diversity index and intra-subtype diversity with the nucleotide diversity and pairwise TN93 genetic distance. Genetic divergence was measured using root-to-tip distance and pairwise TN93 genetic distance analyses. Evolutionary dynamics were assessed among demographic and behavioral sub-groups, including by migration status. 9,931 HIV sequences were available from 4,999 PLHIV, including 3,060 and 1,939 persons residing in inland and fishing communities, respectively. In inland communities, subtype A1 viruses proportionately increased from 14.3% in 1995 to 25.9% in 2017 (p<0.001), while those of subtype D declined from 73.2% in 1995 to 28.2% in 2017 (p<0.001). The proportion of viruses classified as recombinants significantly increased by more than four-fold. Inter-subtype HIV diversity has generally increased. While p24 intra-subtype genetic diversity and divergence leveled off after 2014, diversity and divergence of gp41 increased through 2017. Inter- and intra-subtype viral diversity increased across all population sub-groups, including among individuals with no recent migration history or extra-community sexual partners. This study provides insights into population-level HIV evolutionary dynamics in declining African HIV epidemics following the scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment programs. Continued molecular surveillance may provide a better understanding of the dynamics driving population HIV evolution and yield important insights for epidemic control and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Martin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D. Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deogratius Ssemwanga
- Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua T. Herbeck
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Foley
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Ratmann
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Kagaayi
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M. Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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deCamp AC, Corcoran MM, Fulp WJ, Willis JR, Cottrell CA, Bader DLV, Kalyuzhniy O, Leggat DJ, Cohen KW, Hyrien O, Menis S, Finak G, Ballweber-Fleming L, Srikanth A, Plyler JR, Rahaman F, Lombardo A, Philiponis V, Whaley RE, Seese A, Brand J, Ruppel AM, Hoyland W, Mahoney CR, Cagigi A, Taylor A, Brown DM, Ambrozak DR, Sincomb T, Mullen TM, Maenza J, Kolokythas O, Khati N, Bethony J, Roederer M, Diemert D, Koup RA, Laufer DS, McElrath JM, McDermott AB, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Schief WR. Human immunoglobulin gene allelic variation impacts germline-targeting vaccine priming. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:58. [PMID: 38467663 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine priming immunogens that activate germline precursors for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have promise for development of precision vaccines against major human pathogens. In a clinical trial of the eOD-GT8 60mer germline-targeting immunogen, higher frequencies of vaccine-induced VRC01-class bnAb-precursor B cells were observed in the high dose compared to the low dose group. Through immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genotyping, statistical modeling, quantification of IGHV1-2 allele usage and B cell frequencies in the naive repertoire for each trial participant, and antibody affinity analyses, we found that the difference between dose groups in VRC01-class response frequency was best explained by IGHV1-2 genotype rather than dose and was most likely due to differences in IGHV1-2 B cell frequencies for different genotypes. The results demonstrate the need to define population-level immunoglobulin allelic variations when designing germline-targeting immunogens and evaluating them in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan C deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Martin M Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William J Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel L V Bader
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David J Leggat
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lamar Ballweber-Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Abhinaya Srikanth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason R Plyler
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farhad Rahaman
- IAVI, 125 Broad Street, 9th floor, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | | | | | - Rachael E Whaley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Joshua Brand
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis M Ruppel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wesley Hoyland
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Celia R Mahoney
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison Taylor
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Brown
- The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Troy Sincomb
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullen
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Orpheus Kolokythas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nadia Khati
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Diemert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dagna S Laufer
- IAVI, 125 Broad Street, 9th floor, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | - Juliana M McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - William R Schief
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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22
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Di Vincenzo R, Beutel J, Arnold P, Wang Y, Damm D, Tannig P, Lux A, Temchura V, Eichler J, Überla K. Oriented display of HIV-1 Env trimers by a novel coupling strategy enhances B cell activation and phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344346. [PMID: 38390320 PMCID: PMC10882061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conformationally stabilized Env trimers have been developed as antigens for the induction of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. However, the non-glycosylated immunodominant base of these soluble antigens may compete with the neutralizing antibody response. This has prompted attempts to couple Env trimers to organic or inorganic nanoparticles with the base facing towards the carrier. Such a site-directed coupling could not only occlude the base of the trimer, but also enhance B cell activation by repetitive display. Methods To explore the effect of an ordered display of HIV-1 Env on microspheres on the activation of Env-specific B cells we used Bind&Bite, a novel covalent coupling approach for conformationally sensitive antigens based on heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides. By engineering a trimeric HIV-1 Env protein with a basic 21-aa peptide (Peptide K) extension at the C-terminus, we were able to covalently biotinylate the antigen in a site-directed fashion using an acidic complementary peptide (Peptide E) bearing a reactive site and a biotin molecule. This allowed us to load our antigen onto streptavidin beads in an oriented manner. Results Microspheres coated with HIV-1 Env through our Bind&Bite system showed i) enhanced binding by conformational anti-HIV Env broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), ii) reduced binding activity by antibodies directed towards the base of Env, iii) higher Env-specific B cell activation, and iv) were taken-up more efficiently after opsonization compared to beads presenting HIV-1 Env in an undirected orientation. Discussion In comparison to site-directed biotinylation via the Avi-tag, Bind&Bite, offers greater flexibility with regard to alternative covalent protein modifications, allowing selective modification of multiple proteins via orthogonal coiled-coil peptide pairs. Thus, the Bind&Bite coupling approach via peptide K and peptide E described in this study offers a valuable tool for nanoparticle vaccine design where surface conjugation of correctly folded antigens is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jannis Beutel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pierre Tannig
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Nkolola JP, Barouch DH. Prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine trials: past, present, and future. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e117-e124. [PMID: 38141639 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(23)00264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
An effective HIV-1 vaccine is a global health priority but has remained elusive for more than 40 years. Key scientific hurdles that have hampered vaccine development are the unprecedented genetic variability of the virus, the rapid establishment of persistent viral latency, and the challenges associated with induction of broadly neutralising antibodies. Clinical trials have been instrumental in evaluating scientific concepts and testing vaccine strategies. This Review discusses lessons learned from clinical trials of HIV-1 vaccines, current technologies that are being explored, and future considerations in the development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Newby ML, Allen JD, Crispin M. Influence of glycosylation on the immunogenicity and antigenicity of viral immunogens. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108283. [PMID: 37972669 PMCID: PMC10867814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of successful viral vaccine design is the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies targeting viral attachment and fusion glycoproteins that embellish viral particles. This observation has catalyzed the development of numerous viral glycoprotein mimetics as vaccines. Glycans can dominate the surface of viral glycoproteins and as such, the viral glycome can influence the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine. In one extreme, glycans can form an integral part of epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies and are therefore considered to be an important feature of key immunogens within an immunization regimen. In the other extreme, the existence of peptide and bacterially expressed protein vaccines shows that viral glycosylation can be dispensable in some cases. However, native-like glycosylation can indicate native-like protein folding and the presence of conformational epitopes. Furthermore, going beyond native glycan mimicry, in either occupancy of glycosylation sites or the glycan processing state, may offer opportunities for enhancing the immunogenicity and associated protection elicited by an immunogen. Here, we review key determinants of viral glycosylation and how recombinant immunogens can recapitulate these signatures across a range of enveloped viruses, including HIV-1, Ebola virus, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Lassa virus. The emerging understanding of immunogen glycosylation and its control will help guide the development of future vaccines in both recombinant protein- and nucleic acid-based vaccine technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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25
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Lässig M, Mustonen V, Nourmohammad A. Steering and controlling evolution - from bioengineering to fighting pathogens. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:851-867. [PMID: 37400577 PMCID: PMC11137064 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Control interventions steer the evolution of molecules, viruses, microorganisms or other cells towards a desired outcome. Applications range from engineering biomolecules and synthetic organisms to drug, therapy and vaccine design against pathogens and cancer. In all these instances, a control system alters the eco-evolutionary trajectory of a target system, inducing new functions or suppressing escape evolution. Here, we synthesize the objectives, mechanisms and dynamics of eco-evolutionary control in different biological systems. We discuss how the control system learns and processes information about the target system by sensing or measuring, through adaptive evolution or computational prediction of future trajectories. This information flow distinguishes pre-emptive control strategies by humans from feedback control in biotic systems. We establish a cost-benefit calculus to gauge and optimize control protocols, highlighting the fundamental link between predictability of evolution and efficacy of pre-emptive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lässig
- Institute for Biological Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ville Mustonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Department of Computer Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Armita Nourmohammad
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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26
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Bhagchandani SH, Yang L, Maiorino L, Ben-Akiva E, Rodrigues KA, Romanov A, Suh H, Aung A, Wu S, Wadhera A, Chakraborty AK, Irvine DJ. Two-dose "extended priming" immunization amplifies humoral immune responses by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.563479. [PMID: 38045401 PMCID: PMC10690148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.563479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
"Extended priming" immunization regimens that prolong exposure of the immune system to vaccines during the primary immune response have shown promise in enhancing humoral immune responses to a variety of subunit vaccines in preclinical models. We previously showed that escalating-dosing immunization (EDI), where a vaccine is dosed every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks dramatically amplifies humoral immune responses. But such a dosing regimen is impractical for prophylactic vaccines. We hypothesized that simpler dosing regimens might replicate key elements of the immune response triggered by EDI. Here we explored "reduced ED" immunization regimens, assessing the impact of varying the number of injections, dose levels, and dosing intervals during EDI. Using a stabilized HIV Env trimer as a model antigen combined with a potent saponin adjuvant, we found that a two-shot extended-prime regimen consisting of immunization with 20% of a given vaccine dose followed by a second shot with the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later resulted in increased total GC B cells, 5-10-fold increased frequencies of antigen-specific GC B cells, and 10-fold increases in serum antibody titers compared to single bolus immunization. Computational modeling of the GC response suggested that this enhanced response is mediated by antigen delivered in the second dose being captured more efficiently as immune complexes in follicles, predictions we verified experimentally. Our computational and experimental results also highlight how properly designed reduced ED protocols enhance activation and antigen loading of dendritic cells and activation of T helper cells to amplify humoral responses. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
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Perdiguero B, Hauser A, Gómez CE, Peterhoff D, Sideris E, Sorzano CÓS, Wilmschen S, Schaber M, Stengel L, Asbach B, Ding S, Von Laer D, Levy Y, Pantaleo G, Kimpel J, Esteban M, Wagner R. Potency and durability of T and B cell immune responses after homologous and heterologous vector delivery of a trimer-stabilized, membrane-displayed HIV-1 clade ConC Env protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270908. [PMID: 38045703 PMCID: PMC10690772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of an HIV-1 vaccine able to induce long-lasting protective immunity remains a main challenge. Here, we aimed to modify next-generation soluble, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native, glycan-engineered clade C gp140 envelope (Env) trimers (sC23v4 KIKO and ConCv5 KIKO) for optimal display on the cell surface following homologous or heterologous vector delivery. Methods A combination of the following modifications scored best regarding the preservation of closed, native-like Env trimer conformation and antigenicity when using a panel of selected broadly neutralizing (bnAb) and non-neutralizing (nnAb) monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry: i) replacing the natural cleavage site with a native flexible linker and introducing a single amino acid substitution to prevent CD4 binding (*), ii) fusing a heterologous VSV-G-derived transmembrane moiety to the gp140 C-terminus, and iii) deleting six residues proximal to the membrane. Results When delivering membrane-tethered sC23v4 KIKO* and ConCv5 KIKO* via DNA, VSV-GP, and NYVAC vectors, the two native-like Env trimers provide differential antigenicity profiles. Whereas such patterns were largely consistent among the different vectors for either Env trimer, the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* trimer adopted a more closed and native-like structure than sC23v4 KIKO*. In immunized mice, VSV-GP and NYVAC vectors expressing the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* administered in prime/boost combination were the most effective regimens for the priming of Env-specific CD4 T cells among all tested combinations. The subsequent booster administration of trimeric ConCv5 KIKO* Env protein preserved the T cell activation levels between groups. The evaluation of the HIV-1-specific humoral responses induced in the different immunization groups after protein boosts showed that the various prime/boost protocols elicited broad and potent antibody responses, preferentially of a Th1-associated IgG2a subclass, and that the obtained antibody levels remained high at the memory phase. Discussion In summary, we provide a feasible strategy to display multiple copies of native-like Env trimers on the cell surface, which translates into efficient priming of sustained CD4+ T cell responses after vector delivery as well as broad, potent, and sustained antibody responses following booster immunizations with the homologous, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native ConCv5 KIKO* gp140 Env trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elefthéria Sideris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit and Computational Genomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Schaber
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Stengel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médicine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Créteil, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Schommers P, Kim DS, Schlotz M, Kreer C, Eggeling R, Hake A, Stecher M, Park J, Radford CE, Dingens AS, Ercanoglu MS, Gruell H, Odidika S, Dahlhaus M, Gieselmann L, Ahmadov E, Lawong RY, Heger E, Knops E, Wyen C, Kümmerle T, Römer K, Scholten S, Wolf T, Stephan C, Suárez I, Raju N, Adhikari A, Esser S, Streeck H, Duerr R, Nanfack AJ, Zolla-Pazner S, Geldmacher C, Geisenberger O, Kroidl A, William W, Maganga L, Ntinginya NE, Georgiev IS, Vehreschild JJ, Hoelscher M, Fätkenheuer G, Lavinder JJ, Bloom JD, Seaman MS, Lehmann C, Pfeifer N, Georgiou G, Klein F. Dynamics and durability of HIV-1 neutralization are determined by viral replication. Nat Med 2023; 29:2763-2774. [PMID: 37957379 PMCID: PMC10667105 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that prevent infection are the main goal of HIV vaccine discovery. But as no nAb-eliciting vaccines are yet available, only data from HIV-1 neutralizers-persons with HIV-1 who naturally develop broad and potent nAbs-can inform about the dynamics and durability of nAb responses in humans, knowledge which is crucial for the design of future HIV-1 vaccine regimens. To address this, we assessed HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 2,354 persons with HIV-1 on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART). Infection with non-clade B viruses, CD4+ T cell counts <200 µl-1, being off ART and a longer time off ART were independent predictors of a more potent and broad neutralization. In longitudinal analyses, we found nAb half-lives of 9.3 and 16.9 years in individuals with no- or low-level viremia, respectively, and 4.0 years in persons who newly initiated ART. Finally, in a potent HIV-1 neutralizer, we identified lower fractions of serum nAbs and of nAb-encoding memory B cells after ART initiation, suggesting that a decreasing neutralizing serum activity after antigen withdrawal is due to lower levels of nAbs. These results collectively show that HIV-1-neutralizing responses can persist for several years, even at low antigen levels, suggesting that an HIV-1 vaccine may elicit a durable nAb response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schommers
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maike Schlotz
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Kreer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Eggeling
- Methods in Medical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Hake
- Research Group Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Melanie Stecher
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juyeon Park
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caelan E Radford
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam S Dingens
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meryem S Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Gruell
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanley Odidika
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Marten Dahlhaus
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz Gieselmann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elvin Ahmadov
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rene Y Lawong
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Wyen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Praxis am Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katja Römer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Gotenring, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Timo Wolf
- Infectious Diseases Division, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabelle Suárez
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anurag Adhikari
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Stefan Esser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aubin J Nanfack
- Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Otto Geisenberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiston William
- Mbeya Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Lucas Maganga
- Mbeya Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | | | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jörg J Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jason J Lavinder
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Pfeifer
- Methods in Medical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Martin TM, Robinson ST, Huang Y. Discovery medicine - the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:290-299. [PMID: 37712873 PMCID: PMC10552837 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the past two decades, there has been an explosion in the discovery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated vaccine strategies to induce them. This abundance of approaches necessitates a system that accurately and expeditiously identifies the most promising regimens. We herein briefly review the background science of bnAbs, provide a description of the first round of phase 1 discovery medicine studies, and suggest an approach to integrate these into a comprehensive HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine. RECENT FINDINGS With recent preclinical success including induction of early stage bnAbs in mouse knockin models and rhesus macaques, successful priming of VRC01-class bnAbs with eOD-GT8 in a recent study in humans, and proof-of-concept that intravenous infusion of VRC01 prevents sexual transmission of virus in humans, the stage is set for a broad and comprehensive bnAb vaccine program. Leveraging significant advances in protein nanoparticle science, mRNA technology, adjuvant development, and B-cell and antibody analyses, the HVTN has reconfigured its HIV-1 vaccine strategy by developing the Discovery Medicine Program to test promising vaccine candidates targeting six key epitopes. SUMMARY The HVTN Discovery Medicine program is testing multiple HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy M Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Hahn WO, Hill JA, Kublin JG. Targeting enhanced neutralizing antibody responses via increased germinal center activity: early-phase vaccine trials with novel clinical designs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:323-330. [PMID: 37751359 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in the understanding of the difficult immunologic requirements for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV have spurred interest in optimizing vaccine approaches intended to stimulate a robust germinal center reaction. In preclinical models, techniques to optimize the germinal center response have included alterations in the timing, dose, and delivery method of immunogens and have resulted in substantially enhanced germinal center responses in lymph nodes and neutralizing antibodies in serum. One of the most promising approaches involves splitting the initial dose of vaccine into a series of gradual escalating doses administration ("fractional escalating doses"). In principle, these techniques may have broad implications for vaccines targeting a robust antibody response. RECENT FINDINGS We review the upcoming vaccine trials that will test these concepts in clinical practice. The trials include both HIV and non-HIV immunogens, and will involve testing these concepts in both healthy adults and immunocompromised persons. SUMMARY There are multiple trials that will test whether techniques to alter vaccine delivery such as fractional escalating doses enhances immunologic outcomes.
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Fernández-Quintero ML, Pomarici ND, Fischer ALM, Hoerschinger VJ, Kroell KB, Riccabona JR, Kamenik AS, Loeffler JR, Ferguson JA, Perrett HR, Liedl KR, Han J, Ward AB. Structure and Dynamics Guiding Design of Antibody Therapeutics and Vaccines. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 37873864 PMCID: PMC10594513 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and other new antibody-like formats have emerged as one of the most rapidly growing classes of biotherapeutic proteins. Understanding the structural features that drive antibody function and, consequently, their molecular recognition is critical for engineering antibodies. Here, we present the structural architecture of conventional IgG antibodies alongside other formats. We emphasize the importance of considering antibodies as conformational ensembles in solution instead of focusing on single-static structures because their functions and properties are strongly governed by their dynamic nature. Thus, in this review, we provide an overview of the unique structural and dynamic characteristics of antibodies with respect to their antigen recognition, biophysical properties, and effector functions. We highlight the numerous technical advances in antibody structure prediction and design, enabled by the vast number of experimentally determined high-quality structures recorded with cryo-EM, NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Lastly, we assess antibody and vaccine design strategies in the context of structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Fernández-Quintero
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nancy D. Pomarici
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Lena M. Fischer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentin J. Hoerschinger
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina B. Kroell
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob R. Riccabona
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes R. Loeffler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A. Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hailee R. Perrett
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julianna Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Mathews J, Van Itallie E, Wiehe K, Schmidler SC. Computing the inducibility of B cell lineages under a context-dependent model of affinity maturation: Applications to sequential vaccine design. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562156. [PMID: 37905016 PMCID: PMC10614816 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge in B cell lineage-based vaccine design is understanding the inducibility of target neutralizing antibodies. We approach this problem through the use of detailed stochastic modeling of the somatic hypermutation process that occurs during affinity maturation. Under such a model, sequence mutation rates are context-dependent, rendering standard probability calculations for sequence evolution intractable. We develop an algorithmic approach to rapid, accurate approximation of key marginal sequence likelihoods required to inform modern sequential vaccine design strategies. These calculated probabilities are used to define an inducibility index for selecting among potential targets for immunogen design. We apply this approach to the problem of choosing targets for the design of boosting immunogens aimed at elicitation of the HIV broadly-neutralizing antibody DH270min11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mathews
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott C. Schmidler
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Ronsard L, Yousif AS, Nait Mohamed FA, Feldman J, Okonkwo V, McCarthy C, Schnabel J, Caradonna T, Barnes RM, Rohrer D, Lonberg N, Schmidt A, Lingwood D. Engaging an HIV vaccine target through the acquisition of low B cell affinity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5249. [PMID: 37640732 PMCID: PMC10462694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Low affinity is common for germline B cell receptors (BCR) seeding development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that engage hypervariable viruses, including HIV. Antibody affinity selection is also non-homogenizing, insuring the survival of low affinity B cell clones. To explore whether this provides a natural window for expanding human B cell lineages against conserved vaccine targets, we deploy transgenic mice mimicking human antibody diversity and somatic hypermutation (SHM) and immunize with simple monomeric HIV glycoprotein envelope immunogens. We report an immunization regimen that focuses B cell memory upon the conserved CD4 binding site (CD4bs) through both conventional affinity maturation and reproducible expansion of low affinity BCR clones with public patterns in SHM. In the latter instance, SHM facilitates target acquisition by decreasing binding strength. This suggests that permissive B cell selection enables the discovery of antibody epitopes, in this case an HIV bnAb site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vintus Okonkwo
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julia Schnabel
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy Caradonna
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA, 94063-2478, USA
| | - Daniel Rohrer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA, 94063-2478, USA
| | - Nils Lonberg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA, 94063-2478, USA
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Briney B. AntiRef: reference clusters of human antibody sequences. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2023; 3:vbad109. [PMID: 37886711 PMCID: PMC10598580 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Motivation Genetic biases in the human antibody repertoire result in publicly available antibody sequence datasets that contain many duplicate or highly similar sequences. Available datasets are further skewed by the predominance of studies focused on specific disease states, primarily cancer, autoimmunity, and a small number of infectious diseases that includes HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. These biases and redundancies are a barrier to rapid similarity searches and reduce the efficiency with which these datasets can be used to train statistical or machine-learning models. Identity-based clustering provides a solution; however, the extremely large size of available antibody sequence datasets makes such clustering operations computationally intensive and potentially out of reach for many scientists and researchers who would benefit from such data. Results Antibody Reference Clusters (AntiRef), which is modeled after UniRef, provides clustered datasets of filtered human antibody sequences. Due to the modular nature of recombined antibody genes, the clustering thresholds used by UniRef for general protein sequences are suboptimal for antibody clustering. Starting with an input dataset of ∼451M full-length, productive human antibody sequences, AntiRef provides reference datasets clustered at a range of antibody-optimized identity thresholds. AntiRef90 is one-third the size of the input dataset and less than half the size of the non-redundant AntiRef100. Availability and implementation AntiRef datasets are available on Zenodo (zenodo.org/record/7474336). All code used to generate AntiRef is available on GitHub (github.com/briney/antiref). The AntiRef versioning scheme (current version: v2022.12.14) refers to the date on which sequences were retrieved from OAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- The Multiomics Vaccine Evaluation Consortium, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- San Diego Center for AIDS Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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35
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Bedi R, Bayless NL, Glanville J. Challenges and Progress in Designing Broad-Spectrum Vaccines Against Rapidly Mutating Viruses. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2023; 6:419-441. [PMID: 37196356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Viruses evolve to evade prior immunity, causing significant disease burden. Vaccine effectiveness deteriorates as pathogens mutate, requiring redesign. This is a problem that has grown worse due to population increase, global travel, and farming practices. Thus, there is significant interest in developing broad-spectrum vaccines that mitigate disease severity and ideally inhibit disease transmission without requiring frequent updates. Even in cases where vaccines against rapidly mutating pathogens have been somewhat effective, such as seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), designing vaccines that provide broad-spectrum immunity against routinely observed viral variation remains a desirable but not yet achieved goal. This review highlights the key theoretical advances in understanding the interplay between polymorphism and vaccine efficacy, challenges in designing broad-spectrum vaccines, and technology advances and possible avenues forward. We also discuss data-driven approaches for monitoring vaccine efficacy and predicting viral escape from vaccine-induced protection. In each case, we consider illustrative examples in vaccine development from influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-three examples of highly prevalent rapidly mutating viruses with distinct phylogenetics and unique histories of vaccine technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Bedi
- Centivax Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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36
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Coulson A. HIV: the pursuit of an elusive vaccine. Biotechniques 2023; 75:39-41. [PMID: 37539869 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1984, when it was discovered that the HIV-1 virus caused AIDS, the US Health and Human Services Secretary, Margaret Heckler, declared that a vaccine would be available within 2 years. So why, 40 years on, are we still searching for an HIV vaccine? [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Coulson
- Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK
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37
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Capella-Pujol J, de Gast M, Radić L, Zon I, Chumbe A, Koekkoek S, Olijhoek W, Schinkel J, van Gils MJ, Sanders RW, Sliepen K. Signatures of V H1-69-derived hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibody precursors defined by binding to envelope glycoproteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4036. [PMID: 37419906 PMCID: PMC10328973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective preventive vaccine for hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major unmet need. Antigenic region 3 (AR3) on the E1E2 envelope glycoprotein complex overlaps with the CD81 receptor binding site and represents an important epitope for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and is therefore important for HCV vaccine design. Most AR3 bNAbs utilize the VH1-69 gene and share structural features that define the AR3C-class of HCV bNAbs. In this work, we identify recombinant HCV glycoproteins based on a permuted E2E1 trimer design that bind to the inferred VH1-69 germline precursors of AR3C-class bNAbs. When presented on nanoparticles, these recombinant E2E1 glycoproteins efficiently activate B cells expressing inferred germline AR3C-class bNAb precursors as B cell receptors. Furthermore, we identify critical signatures in three AR3C-class bNAbs that represent two subclasses of AR3C-class bNAbs that will allow refined protein design. These results provide a framework for germline-targeting vaccine design strategies against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Capella-Pujol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlon de Gast
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Radić
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ian Zon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana Chumbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvie Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olijhoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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38
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Zhang X, Zhou Z. The Mechanism of bnAb Production and Its Application in Mutable Virus Broad-Spectrum Vaccines: Inspiration from HIV-1 Broad Neutralization Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1143. [PMID: 37514959 PMCID: PMC10384589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Elite controllers among HIV-1-infected individuals have demonstrated a stronger ability to control the viral load in their bodies. Scientists have isolated antibodies with strong neutralizing ability from these individuals, which can neutralize HIV-1 variations; these are known as broadly neutralizing antibodies. The nucleic acid of some viruses will constantly mutate during replication (such as SARS-CoV-2), which will reduce the protective ability of the corresponding vaccines. The immune escape caused by this mutation is the most severe challenge faced by humans in the battle against the virus. Therefore, developing broad-spectrum vaccines that can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies against various viruses and their mutated strains is the best way to combat virus mutations. Exploring the mechanism by which the human immune system produces broadly neutralizing antibodies and its induction strategies is crucial in the design process of broad-spectrum vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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39
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Joyce C, Murrell S, Murrell B, Omorodion O, Ver LS, Carrico N, Bastidas R, Nedellec R, Bick M, Woehl J, Zhao F, Burns A, Barman S, Appel M, Ramos A, Wickramasinghe L, Eren K, Vollbrecht T, Smith DM, Kosakovsky Pond SL, McBride R, Worth C, Batista F, Sok D, Poignard P, Briney B, Wilson IA, Landais E, Burton DR. Antigen pressure from two founder viruses induces multiple insertions at a single antibody position to generate broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011416. [PMID: 37384622 PMCID: PMC10309625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination strategies aimed at maturing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from naïve precursors are hindered by unusual features that characterize these Abs, including insertions and deletions (indels). Longitudinal studies of natural HIV infection cases shed light on the complex processes underlying bnAb development and have suggested a role for superinfection as a potential enhancer of neutralization breadth. Here we describe the development of a potent bnAb lineage that was elicited by two founder viruses to inform vaccine design. The V3-glycan targeting bnAb lineage (PC39-1) was isolated from subtype C-infected IAVI Protocol C elite neutralizer, donor PC39, and is defined by the presence of multiple independent insertions in CDRH1 that range from 1-11 amino acids in length. Memory B cell members of this lineage are predominantly atypical in phenotype yet also span the class-switched and antibody-secreting cell compartments. Development of neutralization breadth occurred concomitantly with extensive recombination between founder viruses before each virus separated into two distinct population "arms" that evolved independently to escape the PC39-1 lineage. Ab crystal structures show an extended CDRH1 that can help stabilize the CDRH3. Overall, these findings suggest that early exposure of the humoral system to multiple related Env molecules could promote the induction of bnAbs by focusing Ab responses to conserved epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Joyce
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sasha Murrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oluwarotimi Omorodion
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lorena S. Ver
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy Carrico
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raiza Bastidas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jordan Woehl
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alison Burns
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shawn Barman
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Appel
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Ramos
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lalinda Wickramasinghe
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kemal Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Vollbrecht
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charli Worth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Facundo Batista
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Devin Sok
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Pascal Poignard
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elise Landais
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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40
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Davies AM, Beavil RL, Barbolov M, Sandhar BS, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Crystal structures of the human IgD Fab reveal insights into C H1 domain diversity. Mol Immunol 2023; 159:28-37. [PMID: 37267832 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgD isotype remain the least well characterized of the mammalian immunoglobulin isotypes. Here we report three-dimensional structures for the Fab region of IgD, based on four different crystal structures, at resolutions of 1.45-2.75 Å. These IgD Fab crystals provide the first high-resolution views of the unique Cδ1 domain. Structural comparisons identify regions of conformational diversity within the Cδ1 domain, as well as among the homologous domains of Cα1, Cγ1 and Cμ1. The IgD Fab structure also possesses a unique conformation of the upper hinge region, which may contribute to the overall disposition of the very long linker sequence between the Fab and Fc regions found in human IgD. Structural similarities observed between IgD and IgG, and differences with IgA and IgM, are consistent with predicted evolutionary relationships for the mammalian antibody isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Momchil Barbolov
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Balraj S Sandhar
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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41
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Pires IS, Ni K, Melo MB, Li N, Ben-Akiva E, Maiorino L, Dye J, Rodrigues KA, Yun D, Kim B, Hosn RR, Hammond PT, Irvine DJ. Controlled Lipid Self-Assembly for Scalable Manufacturing of Next-Generation Immune Stimulating Complexes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 464:142664. [PMID: 38737525 PMCID: PMC11081102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are safe and effective saponin-based adjuvants formed by the self-assembly of saponin, cholesterol, and phospholipids in water to form cage-like 30-40 nm diameter particles. Inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in ISCOM particles yields a promising next-generation adjuvant termed Saponin-MPLA NanoParticles (SMNP). In this work, we detail protocols to produce ISCOMs or SMNP via a tangential flow filtration (TFF) process suitable for scalable synthesis and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production of clinical-grade adjuvants. SMNP or ISCOM components were solubilized in micelles of the surfactant MEGA-10, then diluted below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant to drive ISCOM self-assembly. Assembly of ISCOM/SMNP particles using the purified saponin QS-21 used in clinical-grade saponin adjuvants was found to require controlled stepwise dilution of the initial micellar solution, to prevent formation of undesirable kinetically-trapped aggregate species. An optimized protocol gave yields of ~77% based on the initial feed of QS-21 and the final SMNP particle composition mirrored the feed ratios of the components. Further, samples were highly homogeneous with comparable quality to that of material prepared at lab scale by dialysis and purified via size-exclusion chromatography. This protocol may be useful for clinical preparation of ISCOM-based vaccine adjuvants and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Mariane Bandeira Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Jonathan Dye
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, MA 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - DongSoo Yun
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Byungji Kim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Ryan R Hosn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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42
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Henderson R, Zhou Y, Stalls V, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Wagh K, Anasti K, Barr M, Parks R, Alam SM, Korber B, Haynes BF, Bartesaghi A, Acharya P. Structural basis for breadth development in the HIV-1 V3-glycan targeting DH270 antibody clonal lineage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2782. [PMID: 37188681 PMCID: PMC10184639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation enables adaptive immune responses to a wide range of pathogens. In some individuals broadly neutralizing antibodies develop to recognize rapidly mutating pathogens with extensive sequence diversity. Vaccine design for pathogens such as HIV-1 and influenza has therefore focused on recapitulating the natural affinity maturation process. Here, we determine structures of antibodies in complex with HIV-1 Envelope for all observed members and ancestral states of the broadly neutralizing HIV-1 V3-glycan targeting DH270 antibody clonal B cell lineage. These structures track the development of neutralization breadth from the unmutated common ancestor and define affinity maturation at high spatial resolution. By elucidating contacts mediated by key mutations at different stages of antibody development we identified sites on the epitope-paratope interface that are the focus of affinity optimization. Thus, our results identify bottlenecks on the path to natural affinity maturation and reveal solutions for these that will inform immunogen design aimed at eliciting a broadly neutralizing immune response by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Henderson
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Alberto Bartesaghi
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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43
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Swanson O, Martin Beem JS, Rhodes B, Wang A, Barr M, Chen H, Parks R, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Wiehe K, Azoitei ML. Identification of CDRH3 loops in the B cell receptor repertoire that can be engaged by candidate immunogens. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011401. [PMID: 37196027 PMCID: PMC10228794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal for the development of vaccines against rapidly mutating viruses, such as influenza or HIV, is to elicit antibodies with broad neutralization capacity. However, B cell precursors capable of maturing into broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can be rare in the immune repertoire. Due to the stochastic nature of B cell receptor (BCR) rearrangement, a limited number of third heavy chain complementary determining region (CDRH3) sequences are identical between different individuals. Thus, in order to successfully engage broadly neutralizing antibody precursors that rely on their CDRH3 loop for antigen recognition, immunogens must be able to tolerate sequence diversity in the B cell receptor repertoire across an entire vaccinated population. Here, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to identify BCRs in the human repertoire with CDRH3 loops predicted to be engaged by a target immunogen. For a given antibody/antigen pair, deep mutational scanning was first used to measure the effect of CDRH3 loop substitution on binding. BCR sequences, isolated experimentally or generated in silico, were subsequently evaluated to identify CDRH3 loops expected to be bound by the candidate immunogen. We applied this method to characterize two HIV-1 germline-targeting immunogens and found differences in the frequencies with which they are expected to engage target B cells, thus illustrating how this approach can be used to evaluate candidate immunogens towards B cell precursors engagement and to inform immunogen optimization strategies for more effective vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Swanson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Martin Beem
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brianna Rhodes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Avivah Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mihai L. Azoitei
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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44
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Song G, Yuan M, Liu H, Capozzola T, Lin RN, Torres JL, He WT, Musharrafieh R, Dueker K, Zhou P, Callaghan S, Mishra N, Yong P, Anzanello F, Avillion G, Vo AL, Li X, Makhdoomi M, Feng Z, Zhu X, Peng L, Nemazee D, Safonova Y, Briney B, Ward AB, Burton DR, Wilson IA, Andrabi R. Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting a conserved silent face of spike RBD resist extreme SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538488. [PMID: 37162858 PMCID: PMC10168401 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing broad coronavirus vaccines requires identifying and understanding the molecular basis of broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) spike sites. In our previous work, we identified sarbecovirus spike RBD group 1 and 2 bnAbs. We have now shown that many of these bnAbs can still neutralize highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the XBB.1.5. Structural studies revealed that group 1 bnAbs use recurrent germline-encoded CDRH3 features to interact with a conserved RBD region that overlaps with class 4 bnAb site. Group 2 bnAbs recognize a less well-characterized "site V" on the RBD and destabilize spike trimer. The site V has remained largely unchanged in SARS-CoV-2 variants and is highly conserved across diverse sarbecoviruses, making it a promising target for broad coronavirus vaccine development. Our findings suggest that targeted vaccine strategies may be needed to induce effective B cell responses to escape resistant subdominant spike RBD bnAb sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hejun Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tazio Capozzola
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan N. Lin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wan-ting He
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katharina Dueker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Panpan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Callaghan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nitesh Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Yong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fabio Anzanello
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Avillion
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anh Lina Vo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xuduo Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Muzamil Makhdoomi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ziqi Feng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yana Safonova
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Lead Contact
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45
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Luo L, Duan C, Shen J, Wang Z. Application of germline antibody features to vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization and disease diagnosis. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108143. [PMID: 37023966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the efficacy and commercial success of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have been tremendous, designing and discovering new drug candidates remains a labor-, time- and cost-intensive endeavor with high risks. The main challenges of vaccine development are inducing a strong immune response in broad populations and providing effective prevention against a group of highly variable pathogens. Meanwhile, antibody discovery faces several great obstacles, especially the blindness in antibody screening and the unpredictability of the developability and druggability of antibody drugs. These challenges are largely due to poorly understanding of germline antibodies and the antibody responses to pathogen invasions. Thanks to the recent developments in high-throughput sequencing and structural biology, we have gained insight into the germline immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and germline antibodies and then the germline antibody features associated with antigens and disease manifestation. In this review, we firstly outline the broad associations between germline antibodies and antigens. Moreover, we comprehensively review the recent applications of antigen-specific germline antibody features, physicochemical properties-associated germline antibody features, and disease manifestation-associated germline antibody features on vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization, and disease diagnosis. Lastly, we discuss the bottlenecks and perspectives of current and potential applications of germline antibody features in the biotechnology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Ding F, Zhang S, Chen Q, Feng H, Ge Z, Zuo X, Fan C, Li Q, Xia Q. Immunomodulation with Nucleic Acid Nanodevices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206228. [PMID: 36599642 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The precise regulation of interactions of specific immunological components is crucial for controllable immunomodulation, yet it remains a great challenge. With the assistance of advanced computer design, programmable nucleic acid nanotechnology enables the customization of synthetic nucleic acid nanodevices with unprecedented geometrical and functional precision, which have shown promising potential for precise immunoengineering. Notably, the inherently immunologic functions of nucleic acids endow these nucleic acid-based assemblies with innate advantages in immunomodulatory engagement. In this review, the roles of nucleic acids in innate immunity are discussed, focusing on the definition, immunologic modularity, and enhanced bioavailability of structural nucleic acid nanodevices. In light of this, molecular programming and precise organization of functional modules with nucleic acid nanodevices for immunomodulation are emphatically reviewed. At last, the present challenges and future perspectives of nucleic acid nanodevices for immunomodulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Shuangye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- WLA Laboratories, World Laureates Association, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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47
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Yang L, Caradonna TM, Schmidt AG, Chakraborty AK. Mechanisms that promote the evolution of cross-reactive antibodies upon vaccination with designed influenza immunogens. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112160. [PMID: 36867533 PMCID: PMC10184763 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogens that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the conserved receptor-binding site (RBS) on influenza hemagglutinin may serve as candidates for a universal influenza vaccine. Here, we develop a computational model to interrogate antibody evolution by affinity maturation after immunization with two types of immunogens: a heterotrimeric "chimera" hemagglutinin that is enriched for the RBS epitope relative to other B cell epitopes and a cocktail composed of three non-epitope-enriched homotrimers of the monomers that comprise the chimera. Experiments in mice find that the chimera outperforms the cocktail for eliciting RBS-directed antibodies. We show that this result follows from an interplay between how B cells engage these antigens and interact with diverse helper T cells and requires T cell-mediated selection of germinal center B cells to be a stringent constraint. Our results shed light on antibody evolution and highlight how immunogen design and T cells modulate vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leerang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arup K Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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48
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Gutlapalli SD, Ganipineni VDP, Danda S, Fabian D, Okorie IJ, Paramsothy J, Kailayanathan T, Umyarova R, Aviles C, Garlapati SKP, Ugwendum D, Nfonoyim J. Exploring the Potential of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Treating SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Global Concern in 2023: A Comprehensive Clinical Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e36809. [PMID: 37009363 PMCID: PMC10060008 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the world is still seeing outbreaks of COVID-19 infections as of 2023, especially in populations that have been adequately vaccinated. This situation across the globe gives rise to important questions regarding the efficacy of current treatments and the real rate of mutations in the COVID-19 virus itself which can make the currently available treatments and vaccines obsolete. We have tried to answer a few of those questions and put forth some new questions of our own. Our efforts in this paper were directed towards understanding the utilization of broadly neutralizing antibodies as a treatment for COVID-19 infection with a particular focus on the Omicron variant and other newer variants. We gathered our data from three major databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We have screened 7070 studies from inception till March 5, 2023, and gathered 63 articles that were relevant to the topic of interest. Based on the existing medical literature regarding the topic of interest and also based on our own personal and clinical experience treating COVID-19 patients across the multiple waves in the United States and India since the beginning of the pandemic, we have concluded that broad neutralizing antibodies could be an effective option for treatment and prophylaxis for current and future outbreaks of COVID-19 including the Omicron variant and newer variants. Further research, including clinical trials, is required to tailor optimal dosages, prevent adverse reactions/side effects, and develop treatment strategies.
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49
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deCamp AC, Corcoran MM, Fulp WJ, Willis JR, Cottrell CA, Bader DLV, Kalyuzhniy O, Leggat DJ, Cohen KW, Hyrien O, Menis S, Finak G, Ballweber-Fleming L, Srikanth A, Plyler JR, Rahaman F, Lombardo A, Philiponis V, Whaley RE, Seese A, Brand J, Ruppel AM, Hoyland W, Mahoney CR, Cagigi A, Taylor A, Brown DM, Ambrozak DR, Sincomb T, Mullen TM, Maenza J, Kolokythas O, Khati N, Bethony J, Roederer M, Diemert D, Koup RA, Laufer DS, McElrath JM, McDermott AB, Hedestam GBK, Schief WR. Human immunoglobulin gene allelic variation impacts germline-targeting vaccine priming. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.10.23287126. [PMID: 36993183 PMCID: PMC10055468 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine priming immunogens that activate germline precursors for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have promise for development of precision vaccines against major human pathogens. In a clinical trial of the eOD-GT8 60mer germline-targeting immunogen, higher frequencies of vaccine-induced VRC01-class bnAb-precursor B cells were observed in the high dose compared to the low dose group. Through immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genotyping, statistical modeling, quantification of IGHV1-2 allele usage and B cell frequencies in the naive repertoire for each trial participant, and antibody affinity analyses, we found that the difference between dose groups in VRC01-class response frequency was best explained by IGHV1-2 genotype rather than dose and was most likely due to differences in IGHV1-2 B cell frequencies for different genotypes. The results demonstrate the need to define population-level immunoglobulin allelic variations when designing germline-targeting immunogens and evaluating them in clinical trials. One-Sentence Summary Human genetic variation can modulate the strength of vaccine-induced broadly neutralizing antibody precursor B cell responses.
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50
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Zhou P, Song G, Liu H, Yuan M, He WT, Beutler N, Zhu X, Tse LV, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Anzanello F, Yong P, Peng L, Dueker K, Musharrafieh R, Callaghan S, Capozzola T, Limbo O, Parren M, Garcia E, Rawlings SA, Smith DM, Nemazee D, Jardine JG, Safonova Y, Briney B, Rogers TF, Wilson IA, Baric RS, Gralinski LE, Burton DR, Andrabi R. Broadly neutralizing anti-S2 antibodies protect against all three human betacoronaviruses that cause deadly disease. Immunity 2023; 56:669-686.e7. [PMID: 36889306 PMCID: PMC9933850 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Pan-betacoronavirus neutralizing antibodies may hold the key to developing broadly protective vaccines against novel pandemic coronaviruses and to more effectively respond to SARS-CoV-2 variants. The emergence of Omicron and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 illustrates the limitations of solely targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Here, we isolated a large panel of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered-vaccinated donors, which targets a conserved S2 region in the betacoronavirus spike fusion machinery. Select bnAbs showed broad in vivo protection against all three deadly betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV, which have spilled over into humans in the past two decades. Structural studies of these bnAbs delineated the molecular basis for their broad reactivity and revealed common antibody features targetable by broad vaccination strategies. These bnAbs provide new insights and opportunities for antibody-based interventions and for developing pan-betacoronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hejun Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wan-Ting He
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Beutler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fabio Anzanello
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Yong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katharina Dueker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Callaghan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tazio Capozzola
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oliver Limbo
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mara Parren
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elijah Garcia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen A Rawlings
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Davey M Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph G Jardine
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yana Safonova
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas F Rogers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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